The rate of tropical forest degradation and deforestation is a serious threat on environmental issues, socio-economic balances and land use planning and is considered as a major concern for decision-makers at global, regional and local scales. Appropriate tools are needed to address this multiscale and multipurpose issue. Sampling techniques can be applied in large forest surveys using high resolution satellite data. "Wall to wall" coverage is a feasible alternative, but due to the high cost of data, low resolution satellite data are more adapted to this method, provided that estimations are corrected using multistage procedures. Recent advances have proved that this approach is feasible for mapping and assessing tropical forest on large scale with reasonable accuracy. However, for forest change detection and monitoring, few methods have been developed so far enabling the estimate of change at global scale. In this paper, change detection based on a combination of LRSD such as AVHRR data and HRSD such as TM and SPOT data is addressed. A preliminary investigation is carried out in a pilot area in Southeast Asia where changes detected with HRSD (hot spot areas) are compared with AVHRR forest class proportions and fragmentation patterns. A discussion is then proposed on the necessary steps towards an operational system for global tropical forest monitoring.


Coherent Electron Cooling (CEC) based on Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier promises to be a very good way to cool protons and ions at high energies. A proof of principle experiment to demonstrate cooling at 40 GeV/u is under construction at BNL [1]. One of possible sources to provide sufficient quality electron beam for this experiment is a SRF photoinjector. In this paper we discuss design and simulated performance of the photoinjector based on existing 112 MHz SRF gun and newly designed single-cavity SRF linac operating at 704 MHz.


The invention concerns a device for measuring concentration of chloroisocyanuric acid in equilibrium in an aqueous solution, comprising: first means (18, 10, 22, 24, 26, 28 30) to provide, relative concentration values of the various chloroisocyanuric derivatives; second means (14) for producing at least a first radiation beam (32) with wavelength ranging between 210 and 220 nanometers, capable of passing through said aqueous solution; third means (16) for measuring a first absorbance value of said first beam passing through said aqueous solution; and fourth means (18, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30) for determining the first absolute concentration values of the different chloroisocyanuric acid derivatives.


Dextran-dialdehyde was attached to trypsin molecules by incubation at 30°C and pH 8.5. The cross-linking reaction was completed within a few hours, and the dextran-modified trypsin was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. The modified trypsin was resistant to auto-hydrolysis and a significant increases in thermal and pH stabilities was observed. Storage of modified trypsin at 4°C under the optimum pH caused little loss of activity. The modified trypsin was resistant to organic solvents such as 10% ethanol and 0.2% sodium dodecylsulfate. Moreover, inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor was eliminated for the modified trypsin. Kinetic analysis indicated that access of a high-molecular-weight substrate (casein) to the modified enzyme was restricted compared with a low-molecular-weight substrate.


The present article aims to analyse the way Edgar Allan Poe, through the construction of psychological time, creates the effect of suspense and terror characteristic of torture. For this, a survey on the Spanish Inquisition was conducted, based on authors such as Kamen (1966), in order to understand the period in which the story takes place in the tale "The Pit and the Pendulum." Then a search on the gothic literature based on contributions from Rossi (2008) and stylistic features of Poe was made, followed by a study on the structural elements of the genre tale and the construction of narrative time, based on authors such as Todorov (1980), Gotlib (1995) and Moises (1994). Finally, based on the studies cited, an analysis was made on how Poe used these elements - following the trend Gothic - to create in the reader the effect of psychological torture provided by the selected job.


The study applies a postponement strategy to a multi-item fabrication-shipment decision making in a vendor-buyer coordinated environment with multi-delivery, quality reassurance, and overtime. To cope with the recent client demand trend asking for rapid response, quality, and diversified goods, today's manufacturers require a multi-item production-shipping scheme to satisfy customers' needs in cost-saving, quality, and timely matter. In our model, we first produce all needed mutual components and postpone manufacturing of finished goods in the second phase. To expedite mutual parts' fabrication time, overtime is used. Product quality is reassured through screening the defeats and reworking repairable defectives in both fabrication phases. To decide the optimal fabrication-shipment policy, we build a math model and apply the cost minimization technique to the problem. Upon deriving the optimal policy, we utilize an example to demonstrate how our model works and its capability in exposing various previously inaccessible information to the problem. These detailed results can facilitate managerial decision-making and boost the performance of such a specific multi-item postponement fabrication-shipment system in cost-saving, product quality, and timely response.


The focus on the development of rapid prototyping(RP) has changed into rapid manufacturing(RM). Quick casting generated by combining RP technology with casting technology is one of major research fields of RM. Several methods to produce direct casting mold manufacturing based on RP are introduced and compared in forming precision, efficiency, application range and main features. The paper points out that the methods are the important ways in achieving the casting process automation, flexibility and agility. The PCM(Patternless Casting Modeling) technique has its own advantages and broad future.


Results of experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamic effect of reinforced concrete structural system of building in case of its sudden structural adjustment caused by special accident action in the form of hypothetical removal of one of bearing structures are given. A zone of possible local failure of the structural system is modeled by a fragment of the structural system adjacent to that zone. For such a fragment called a substructure, an analytical solution of the problem for determining the time of dynamic loading of fragment elements is obtained. Evaluation of theoretical solution for determination of dynamic parameters of frame structural system at the considered action is performed by comparison of theoretical results with data of experimental studies of the fragment of a reinforced concrete multistory frame.


Refractory materials are non-metallic materials with high melting point, inert to chemical corrosion and maintain their structural properties at high temperature. This research evaluated the physical properties such as bulk density, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, cold compressive strength, thermal shock resistance, loss on ignition and refractoriness of Alkaleri clay with rice husk ash (RHA) admixture using design expert 7.1.6 Central Composite Design (CCD). The physico-chemical properties of Alkaleri clay and rice husk ash ( RHA ) from Rafin zurfi, Yelwa in Bauchi State was characterized using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (ED-XRFS), the result show that Alkaleri clay has 33.3wt% of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and 46.35wt% of silicate oxide (SiO2), hence the clay belongs to alumino-silicate clay while the RHA has 74.2wt% of silicate oxide  and 8.52wt% of potassium oxide (K2O) that is responsible for its pozzolanic effect, 2.0% of magnesium oxide (MgO) and 4.09% of calcium oxide (CaO) that is responsible for its  increase in bonding strength with the clay. From the optimization results, desirability of 0.617 suggested an optimum refractory property at 88.75g of Alkaleri clay and 14.22g of RHA. The refractory properties corresponding to this desirability is apparent porosity of 22.3536%, cold crushing strength (CCS) of 2.0838kN/cm2, firing shrinkage of 3.214%, bulk density of 1.92084g/cm3, loss on ignition (L.O.I) of 9.3099%, thermal shock resistance of 14.7424 cycles and refractoriness of 1595.99OC. These results fall within ASTM standard of refractory material for ferrous casting.


The specifics of the implementation of special knowledge have been analyzed, in particular regarding the appointment of forensic examinations while the investigation of crimes committed against journalists. Taking into account the analysis of scientific literature, as well as existing practice regarding the investigation of criminal proceedings of this category, the author has presented a characteristic of typical types of forensic examinations. In particular, special attention has been paid to such types as merchandising, forensic and medical, computer and technological, phonoscopic, molecular and genetic, integrated forensic examinations, human odor traces, fingerprints, etc. It has been emphasized that the number and types of forensic examinations are assigned depending on the established circumstances. The purpose of the paper is to identify forensic examinations that are assigned to investigate crimes committed against journalists. To achieve this objective, the author has used general scientific and special methods of cognition. Thus, using the method of legal analysis, the author has Аннотация Проанализированы особенности применения специальных знаний, в частности, относительно назначения судебных экспертиз при расследовании преступлений, совершенных против журналистов. С учетом анализа научной литературы, а также имеющейся практики расследования уголовных производств указанной категории предоставлена характеристика таких видов судебных экспертиз, как товароведческой, судебно-медицинской, компьютернотехнической, фоноскопической, молекулярно-генетической, комплексной судебной экспертизе, запаховых следов человека, дактилоскопической. Обращено внимание, что количество и виды судебных экспертиз назначаются в зависимости от установленных обстоятельств, первичной квалификации совершенного преступления, этапа расследования. Целью статьи явилось определение перечня судебных экспертиз, назначаемых при расследовании преступлений, совершенных против журналистов. Для достижения поставленной 53 Doctor of Law sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Scientific Associate, Head of the 3d Department of Research Laboratory of Problems of Legal and Organizational Support of the Ministry Activities of the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; 01011, 4a, Y. Gutsalo Lane, Kyiv, Ukraine. 54 Doctor of Law sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Administrative Law, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University; 61024, 77, Pushkinskaya str., Kharkiv, Ukraine. 55 PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Organization of Pre-Trial Investigation, Faculty No 1, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs; 61080, 27, L. Landau avenue, Kharkiv, Ukraine. 56 PhD. in Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Khmelnytsky University of Management and Law; 29000, 8, Theatralna Street, Khmelnytsky, Ukraine. Drozd, V., Luchenko, D., Ablamskiy, S., Vatras, V. /Vol. 8 Núm. 24: 130 137/ diciembre 2019 Vol. 8 Núm. 24 / Diciembre 2019 131 Encuentre este artículo en http:// www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 23226307 determined that the appointment and conduction of forensic examinations in criminal proceedings, investigated on the fact of committing a crime against a journalist, has an important role in establishing the circumstances to be proved (the type and size of the caused damage; the severity and nature of the bodily harm, etc.). The comparative and legal method has been used in the course of studying the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and analyzing the criminal and procedural legislation of other countries. The statistical method is the basis for processing statistical data, materials of investigative and court practice. Therefore, attention has been paid to the fact that whole assigning a particular type of forensic examination, an investigator has to correctly determine the range of tasks that are put to an expert. An investigator must also use the methodological recommendations that have been developed by practice and set out in the Scientific and Methodological Recommendations on the Preparation and Appointment of Forensic Examinations and Expert Studies.


An personal account of life in Australia's Antarctic field huts, which were initially constructed as stations for scientific studies. The food, entertainment and rudimentary toilet facilities available in the huts for station-based expeditioners on hiking trips are discussed.


Law needs to be interpreted because it is written by words. Its interpretation includes both narrow and broad senses as well as the way of flaw avoiding. Because lawful flaw exists in any kind of law objectively it needs to be avoided in a special lawful way including the attempts of lawful interpretation and lawful making.


The serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide from two strains of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 organisms was purified and characterized by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer has the structure +3)-0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-0-acetyl-~-~mannopyranosyluronic acid)-( 1 +4)-0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-/?-~-mannopyranose)-( 1 + . The polysaccharide was immunogenic (able to evoke production of antibodies) for sheep but not for rabbits. Immuno electron-microscopy studies using the Protein A-gold technique showed the polysaccharide to be peripherally located on the bacterial surface. Reduction, oxidation and de0-acetylation of the polymer did not appear to alter its immunological precipitability with specific antiserum, but all three treatments destroyed its ability to adhere to sheep erythrocytes at neutral pH. De-N-acetylation of the polymer destroyed both immunological precipitability and erythrocyte adherence.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to application of oil-based suspension concentrates. An insecticidal agent intended for application in the form of an aqueous preparation contains at least one active compound which is solid at room temperature, at least one penetration enhancer, at least one vegetable or mineral or paraffin oil, at least one non-ionic surfactant or dispersing agent and/or at least one anionic surfactant or dispersing agent and optionally one or more other additives for reducing drift of a spray liquid, wherein the active compound is selected from a group which includes imidacloprid and thiacloprid and spirotetramat. EFFECT: present invention reduces drift during spray application. 2 cl, 7 tbl, 4 ex


We discuss the parallel implementation of singular perturbation approximation (SPA) model reduction methods for large-scale linear control systems. The methods are based on balanced truncation methods using full-rank factors of the system Gramians. These factors are computed via an efficient iterative scheme based on the sign function method for solving linear matrix equations. The implementation of these iterations and of the SPA formulae is shown to be highly efficient on parallel computers with distributed memory.


Background: For assessing the sex of unidentified or skeletonized individuals, the tooth crown diameters are a good and reliable source amongst the other clinical markers. Aim and Objectives : To check the accuracy and reliability of Mandibular Canine Index (MCI) in sex determination among Saudi subpopulation using 3D Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images. An additional objective is to establish the norm of Standard MCI. Methodology: A total of 400 CBCT images were studied for the measurements of mesio-distal width (MDW) and inter-canine distance (ICD) of mandibular canines. Then, the observed and Standard MCI were calculated that was statistically determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Left canine showed greater sexual dimorphism. The Standard MCI was calculated as 0.239 (right mandibular canine) and 0.241 (left mandibular canine). The ability to determine gender correctly using Standard MCI (right mandibular canine) method was estimated to be 49% among males and 46.5% among females. The accuracy of the method, when applied to the combined data, was 47.8%. Conclusion: MCI and the variables that allow MCI quantification were shown to distinguish the groups, in terms of average, suggesting the possibility that canine-related measurements may be used for sex discrimination.


This article examines the institutional factors that account for the outcome of efforts to decentralize control over natural resources to local communities. It focuses on the political nature of institutional processes associated with decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa through a comparative analysis of wildlife management reforms in seven east and southern African countries. Institutional reforms are largely dependent on state authorities' patronage interests, which in turn are shaped by the relative economic value of wildlife, the degree of central control over commercial utilization, and the accountability of governance institutions. Our findings have a range of practical implications for the design of CBNRM initiatives and institutional reform strategies.


The possibility to construct and parametrize the nonbonded interactions in atomistic force fields based on the valence electron structure of molecules is explored in this paper. Three different charge distribution models using simple valence electron based potential functions are introduced and compared. It is shown that the three models can be constructed such that they only require one adjustable parameter for the electrostatic potential of a molecule. The accuracy of the electrostatic potential is evaluated for the three models and compared to population-derived charges and higher order multipole moments for a set of 12 small molecules. Furthermore the accuracy and parametrization of the interaction energies of the three models is evaluated based on ab initio intermolecular interaction energies. It is shown that the valence electron potential models provide systematic advantages over conventional point charge models for the calculation of intermolecular interaction energies even with the very simple potential functions used here.


With most current studies focusing on the snapshot of family structure and offspring relationship outcomes, this study examined how children's exposure to mothers' cumulative relationship history affected the likelihood of their own romantic involvement in adolescence and relationship frequency from adolescence to young adulthood. Using a large, nationally representative dataset, this study found that the number of mothers' relationship transitions was positively associated with both the likelihood of romantic involvement among adolescent children and relationship frequency their children had from adolescence to young adulthood. Further, the association between mothers' relationship transitions and young adults' relationship frequency was mediated by mother-adolescent relationship closeness and young adults' attitude towards marriage and relationships. Finally, an interaction between mother-adolescent relationship closeness and adolescent gender on young adults' relationship frequency was found.


COVID-19 and its differential impact on those with compromised health have driven home the fundamental importance of nutrition, which is at the root of much chronic disease among the poor. Edmundite Missions, serving Selma and rural Alabama for 80 years, has demonstrated how the actions of a trusted nonprofit providing holistic services in a deeply and historically impoverished population can improve nutrition, inspire youth leadership on nutrition issues, and while simultaneously driving resources into rural economies. In the process, the work has also shown that the poor do indeed understand the importance of good nutrition and both seek and choose positive nutritional options if they are available. The problem among the poor is not knowledge; it is opportunity.


To date, computer-based literary text processing bears much greater similarity to techniques used for information retrieval and, to some degree, for question-answering, than it does to techniques used in, for example, machine translation of 'classical' artificial intelligence. A literary text is treated not as 'output' in a process to be emulated nor as a string to be transformed into an equivalent verbal representation, but, rather, as an artifact to be analyzed and described.
 The absence of process as an integrating concept in computer-based literary text processing leads to very different definitions of linguistic domains (such as semantics and syntactics) than is the case with, for example, artificial intelligence. This presentation explores some of these distinctions, as well as some of the implications of more process-oriented techniques for literary text processing.


The Yunotani geothermal field, located in the Aso caldera, has abundant surface manifestations characteristic of vapor-dominated systems. Two slim wells drilled near active fumarolic areas have been producing dry steam from a 500-meter-deep flashing reservoir dominated by a low-chloride, bicarbonate/sulphate hot water which was initially tapped along with the steam during early production. This reservoir is considered the result of the mixing of meteoric water and high-enthalpy, partially condensed steam which is rising along a fault zone from a steam reservoir that overlies a boiling, high-chloride, deeper water reservoir. This deep water is recognized at the surface in the hot water that emerges at low-elevation hot springs four kilometers west of Yunotani, where it emerges after mixing with surface waters.


The effect of operational parameters on the creation of chip particles in the CNC finishing processingof wood-based materials. The object of this study was a comparison of created chips from the process of milling two wood-based materials: medium-density fiberboard, and particleboard, using a modern CNC 5-axis milling center. The materials in the form of blocks were milled at constant revolutions of the cutting tool (18,000 rev/min), with changeable variables of feed rates (8, 10, and 12 m/min), and width of cut (1, 2, and 3 mm). The size of created chips was measured by gravimetric weighing from sieving analysis of the retained volume of chips on sieves with pre-defined mesh sizes. The main emphasis was aimed at studying particles of chipsobtained in the finishing process of the milling below <0.125mm. However, the others are mentioned and discussed. Gravimetric differences of the retained volume of chip mass show that created MDF chips are mostly in the size range of <0.250 to 0.125 mm, and particleboard in the size range of <0.500 to 0.250 mm. Distribution of average values in dependence on different conditions shows a decreasing effect with increasing feed rate on the amount of very small chip particles in the volume of both materials. Increasing the feed rate can decrease the amount of very particles in the range below <0.125 mm in the volume of chip mass.


The purpose of this study was to determine which aspects of insomnia best predict suicidal ideation (SI). Participants were grouped according to whether they complained of insomnia and whether their sleep would be characterized as poor or good by applying quantitative criteria for insomnia to their sleep diary data. Analyses revealed that insomnia complaint was more strongly associated with SI than was poor sleep. These findings suggest that patients who complain of insomnia, regardless of the presence or absence of poor sleep, may be at greater risk for suicide than those who are content with their sleep.


We discuss recent progress in our theoretical understanding of molecular electronics on three fronts: (a) at a formal level involving quantum transport in presence of strong correlation effects; (b) at a computational level for modeling heterogeneous integrated systems such as molecules on silicon, and (c) at a device level by exploring novel concepts such as conformational transistors and surface modulated transistors.


This study examines the mechanism by which pro-environmental self-identity (PESI) affects green energy purchase intention (GEPI) through different dimensions of consumption values. The concept of pro-environmental self-identity is rarely discussed in the context of green energy purchase intention. Additionally, the amount of research concerning consumers' attitudes and behaviours towards photovoltaic panels is limited. We fill this cognitive gap by testing a relation between pro-environmental self-identity and green energy purchase intention. The data collection was carried out based on an indirect method of gathering information—using an online survey. Research was conducted among 250 Polish customers. The partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was applied. The research results show that the relations between PESI and GEPI is mediated totally by social and partially by emotional values. The mediating impact of functional values was not confirmed. The results of this study illustrate the importance of intangible—social and emotional—values and its impact on the consumer behaviour toward green energy. This study can help marketers more efficiently promote the installation of photovoltaic panels in European countries.


This thesis traces theatrical practices among the Catholic community in the north-east of England during the reign of James VI and I. Its basis is archival work conducted as part of the Records of Early English Drama North-East project. It focuses on two case studies: the career of Durham-born recusant dancing master, Robert Hindmers (b. 1585), and the 1617 Newcastle performance of Anthony Brewer's play The Lovesick King (publ. 1655).
In the introduction, I discuss the issue of north-eastern regional identities and situate my work within the wider field of scholarship. In chapter two, I examine the available manuscript sources in order to determine the identity, career, and role of Robert Hindmers within the Durham Catholic community. I expand our understanding of Catholic missionary strategies in post-Reformation England by suggesting that dance instruction might have been utilized by Catholics to access particular households and assist the mission.
Chapters three, four, and five discuss Anthony Brewer's play The Lovesick King and its northern performance context. I offer a reconsideration of the well-known conjecture that The Lovesick King had not only been originally written for a performance in Newcastle, but had also been performed as an occasional piece during King James' visit to the city in 1617. I provide additional evidence to support this well-founded speculation. More importantly, my reading of Brewer's play traces its muted religious undertones. While The Lovesick King's subplot is linked to religious conservatism and Catholic nostalgia, a substantial reliance on Herculean imagery in the main plot, in particular the motif of Hercules in bivio, is associated with contemporary Catholic anxieties surrounding the oath of allegiance. Considering the prominence of crypto-Catholicism among the Newcastle coal-trading elite and The Lovesick King's focus on individual virtue, unconditional loyalty, and social reconciliation, the play can be considered as a political plea of moderate Catholics for toleration.
The two case studies illustrate the diversity of Catholic engagement with performative entertainment in the North-East: while Robert Hindmers' dancing demonstrates the subversive potential of entertainment, the staging of The Lovesick King by the Newcastle elite elucidates Catholic participation in eulogistic royalism and their willingness to compromise with the Protestant establishment.


The effect of 15 insecticides used in one or the other time in cotton on the susceptibility and emergence of Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti was studied under laboratory conditions. All the insecticides except fenvalerate gave 100 per cent mortality. Maximum parasitism was observed when the unparasitized eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) were treated with permethrin, oxydemeton methyl and fenvalerate. When the insecticides were tested on parasitized eggs, it was found that fenvalerate, permethrln, oxydemeton methyl, DDT, dimethoate, deltamethrin and phosphamidon were comparatively safe to this parasitoid. Emergence of parasitoids was significantly affected in 1 and 2 day-old parasitized eggs. Emergence in all the insecticidal treatments was significantly reduced.


Based on the three-dimensional memristive Hindmarsh–Rose model, the effects of Gaussian colored noise and electromagnetic induction on memory function of the memristor and neural firing states are ...


A prototype tennis line fault detector, based on a special ball, a new transducer, analogue signal detection, digital signal processing and pattern matching has been developed. In a full-sized tennis court, upwards of 400 transducers are required. In refining the prototype it became obvious that a single processor system could not meet modularity and cabling requirements. A transputer based solution was suggested in which each processor serves a small number of transducers, with the processors retaining the ability to co-operate in the execution of the signal processing tasks. The objective of this paper is to outline the specification, design, proof of correctness and implementation of a software system for the Live Tennis line fault detector product. These objectives were approached using Professor C.A.R. Hoare's mathematical theory of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) with the intention of demonstrating the virtue of such mathematical techniques in a practical engineering situation. The system was prototyped in the programming language, Occam 2, which is a derivative of the CSP model. Simple examples are given from the initial stages of the specification and design stages of the project. Discussions of the issues of proof of correctness and absence of deadlock are included. Finally, an evaluation of the design approach is presented, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the CSP-Occam combination.


In the period of Malpractice Management,in addition to compensation,the necessary system of safeguarding medical accident has been established.In view of the compensation standard,the medical establishments do not directly pay the patients too much for compensation,but patients do receive quite a sum of compensation.There are seven regulations related to civil compensation for medical malpractice in Malpractice Management Regulation.They are maneuverable and still legal after the tort liability law is implemented.Current regulations about compensation for death have system problems,internal contradictory,inconsistent compensation project names and calculation standards,inconsistent scopes of compensation,and so on.Disputes exist in judicatory and legislations at home and abroad in practice and theory as whether compensation should be given to the person who died because the person's rights were impaired.


The Chevron doctrine jurisprudence has delved into every nook and cranny of judicial review of statutory interpretation while investigation of review of administrative policymaking has received little attention. Yet, this other source of policy dominates the administrative role in our society and the allocation of authority over such policy between the courts and the agencies is crucial to the operation of the administrative system. Starting with Dworkin's working definition of policy as decisions that advance or protect some collective goal of the community as a whole, this paper distinguishes two overarching sources of policy in the administrative state. An agency may derive policy from some other source, say a statute, or an agency may be authorized to make policy itself. The power of this distinction can be seen in a question currently much discussed: the extent to which an agency may change a position. Can an agency change its position? If the position is a change in a statutory interpretation, the answer must be "no" for the simple reason that an agency may not revise legislation. But if the position is a change in policy made through an authority delegated to it, the answer must be "of course" because an agency has inherent discretion to change its own policy (unless an abuse of that discretion). After establishing the value and long acceptance of the distinction between review of statutory interpretation and administrative policymaking, the paper attempts to demonstrate the use of the Chevron doctrine jurisprudence in advancing principles surrounding review of administrative policymaking.


According to the exfoliation,cracks and pot hole on the roadbed of small cement-concrete square,the paper illustrates the methods to pave the asphalt concrete surface on former concrete surface,analyzes its effects by combining with the engineering examples,and points out its better economic and social effect.


This paper proposes a new method to determine the droop of the inverter-based distribution generations (DGs). Conventionally, inverter-based DGs have droop controller with fixed slope according to their capacity. Some additional control methods have been proposed in order to enforce the maximum or minimum limit of a unit. However, in some severe cases, the frequency deviation during the islanded mode becomes larger with the existing methods. To overcome this problem, the proposed method, namely "variable droop," determines the droop of DGs according to their operating points. Using the proposed method, the frequency can be maintained within the predetermined limits and the load demand can be properly shared by the DGs. The effectiveness of the method is verified by the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.


The article summarizes the research progress of the preparation techniques of activated manganese dioxide in recent years,and introduces several frequently-used preparation techniques.


Solid cast films with polydomain textures were prepared on a glass substrate with transparent interdigitated electrodes from an isotropic aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose via its liquid crystalline phase under the sinusoidal electric field with small amplitude and frequency of 0.05 V µm−1 and 105 Hz, respectively. The process was monitored using microdielectrometry as well as polarised optical microscopy. The apparent dielectric constant εr′ and loss factor εr″ sensitively changed with time depending on the process conditions. On the other hand, the logarithmic relation between εr″ and εr′ showed a single curve, when they were normalised by an effective portion of the electrostatic energy density estimated using each solid‐film thickness. The conversion to the solid film was estimated during the process based on the concentration dependences of εr′ and εr″. Characteristic times were reported for the onset of the biphasic phase, fully developed cholesteric phase and termination of the process.


PATRICIANN FURNARI BRADY The term confusion is often used as a nursing diagnosis. Yet, there is no consistent definition that indicates a systematic process is used in the labeling of elderly patients as confused. The research question for this descriptive associatton study was: "To what extent are selected characteristics utilized among nursing home staff in the labeling of elderly as confused?" The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) Identify the frequency of use of each of the selected characteristics in the clinical determination of confusion in the elderly by nursing home staff. 2) Determine the relationship between nursing home staffs' identification of selected characteristics present and the labeling of an elderly nursing home resident viewed on video as confused. 3) Determine if there is a relationship between the demo graphic characteristics of nursing home staff and-: a. Utilization of selected characteristics b. Identification of selected characteristics presented by a nursing home resident on video.


Introduction of HEMS (Home Energy Management System) has revolutionaries' smart homes. The integration of Demand Response(DR) programs for example, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), GA(Genetic Algorithm), WDN (Wind Driven Algorithm) and BPSO (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization) has further improve the HEMS in smart homes, making it possible for households to manage their electricity in accordance with the manner and preferences that fits their energy plan. This program has also helped the consumer keep track of his electricity consumption. With the incorporation of DR-programs in HEMS, it has enabled consumers manage the demand and supply of electricity consumption whiles encouraging the use of HEMS. Given this background on DR role in HEMS this paper gives a review on DR in HEMS taking in to consideration Algorithm types, Objectives and Algorithm constraints.


BJM is not alone in celebrating its 25th birthday this year. Midwife Jonathan Cliffe describes returning to the hospital in which he was born in 1993


Aims: One-time high rates of compost were applied at 15, 30, and 45 Mg ha-1 to improve soil organic matter (SOM) and fertility in dryland organic winter wheat-fallow rotations. Cover crop mixtures (oats and Austrian winter peas) were planted in fallow phases annually to suppress weeds and reduce repetitive tillage used for weed control because the latter breaks down SOM.
Study Design: The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design with four replications. Fertilizer (compost rates, inorganic fertilizer and no amendment control) and cover crops served as main and sub-plot factors respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, from September 2015 to August 2018.
Methodology: Soil samples, weed biomass, wheat yield and protein quality data were collected and analyzed over three years.
Results: Results indicated that 45 Mg ha-1 compost increased (P=.05) soil total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations up to 25 and 19% respectively, in the last two years. Wheat yield was not affected (p>0.05) by compost or cover crops in any growing season but 45 Mg ha-1 compost increased (P=.05) protein quality by 2-9% in the first growing season. Cover crops suppressed weeds while growing in the first growing season but had varying effects on weeds in wheat phases that followed them in rotation. It was noted that soil electrical conductivity levels affected by 45 Mg ha-1 compost was 5 times lower than wheat thresholds; and soil moisture loss by cover crops did not affect wheat yield.
Conclusion: 45 Mg ha-1 compost improves soil fertility and SOM in the short term. However, significant reflection of soil changes in wheat yield may take longer time. Further research is needed to effectively integrate cover crops as a weed control measure in dryland organic wheat-fallow rotations.


In this paper the effect of chromium element on some mechanical properties of gray cast iron is studied .The work was divided in to four categories, each category has three samples; each sample has three different chromium content 0.0%, 1.7%, 3.7%. The mechanical properties were investigated (hardness and impact) before and after the heat treatment. The heat treatment was carried out for period of 12 minutes at two different temperatures. The results confirmed that durability, toughness, and hardness are proportional to the chromium content. The ultimate aim of this research is to enhance the mechanical properties of gray cast iron by adding chromium element.


In the present work, a medium carbon vanadium-bearing microalloyed steel with low-alloy contents was subjected to air cooling followed by quenching (two-step cooling) which resulted in multiphase structures that consist of ferrite, bainite, martensite and austenite. The characterisation of the samples obtained by various two-step cooling methods was done using a SEM, a X-ray diffractometer and a magnetometer. Volume fractions of retained austenite (RA) and its carbon contents were determined and tensile properties were also evaluated. The RA content along with its carbon content has been found to increase to a maximum value and quenching at that point improves the ductility. Also, the lower transformation temperature of bainite enhances the toughness.


By means of joint sparse representation (JSR) and kernel representation, kernel joint sparse representation (KJSR) models can effectively model the intrinsic nonlinear relations of hyperspectral data and better exploit spatial neighborhood structure to improve the classification performance of hyperspectral images. However, due to the presence of noisy or inhomogeneous pixels around the central testing pixel in the spatial domain, the performance of KJSR is greatly affected. Motivated by the idea of self-paced learning (SPL), this paper proposes a self-paced KJSR (SPKJSR) model to adaptively learn weights and sparse coefficient vectors for different neighboring pixels in the kernel-based feature space. SPL strateges can learn a weight to indicate the difficulty of feature pixels within a spatial neighborhood. By assigning small weights for unimportant or complex pixels, the negative effect of inhomogeneous or noisy neighboring pixels can be suppressed. Hence, SPKJSR is usually much more robust. Experimental results on Indian Pines and Salinas hyperspectral data sets demonstrate that SPKJSR is much more effective than traditional JSR and KJSR models.


Inbreeding results in identity by descent of maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Due to the process of recombination that combines maternal and paternal DNA in very large chunks during meiosis, inbreeding to a recent ancestor results in relatively long homozygous segments of the genome, "runs of homozygosity". High density genotyping renders the search for such homozygous segments relatively easy. Runs of homozygosity that are several megabases (Mb) long are due to inbreeding to a recent ancestor. We have searched for runs of homozygosity that are longer than 2 Mb, 4 Mb, 6 Mb, 8 Mb and 10 Mb, respectively, and expressed these segments as proportions of the total length of the autozygous genome, based on SNP positions available. Very long segments most likely result from recent inbreeding while shorter segments may have been caused by inbreeding to ancestors further in the past. The breeds involved in the study are Fleckvieh (dual purpose Simmental), Brown Swiss, Norwegian Red, 500 animals each, and Tyrol Grey, 213 animals. On long and informative pedigrees, inbreeding coefficients were calculated for the full pedigree available and for subsets including a maximum of 5 generations for each individual. Results indicate a high correlation (>0.80) of individual runs of homozygosity with pedigree inbreeding coefficients of animals when calculating correlations across breeds. Within breeds, correlations were smaller (~0.70) because of differences in inbreeding levels in these breeds. We conclude that the proportion of the genome arranged in long homozygous segments provides a good indication of level of inbreeding of an animal that is more informative than the probability of autozygosity derived from from pedigree data.


The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), Colorado State University (CSU), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have an ongoing cooperative research effort to determine low-cost, feasible methods for providing overtopping protection for embankment dams. Investigations have progressed to testing an overlapping tapered concrete block shape developed from Reclamation's laboratory flume tests and installing the blocks over gravel filter material in a near-prototype size facility. The overlapping portion of the block produced an offset, or step, where drains, located through the blocks, provide relief of uplift pressure in the underlying filter. The test program in the large facility closely matched that the laboratory. The stability of the overlapping tapered block system has been confirmed by the large scale tests.


This paper presents a proposal to improve the application process so that you can improve the performance of the productive area in order to improve execution times of tasks and generate greater internal customer satisfaction is realized.
This paper aims to propose an improvement to the process of application of paint in the painting area Maresa jointer, for this purpose the document was structured as follows.
Chapter 1 -. This issue features detailed embroidery and the proposed objectives and the reason for the proposed improvements.
Chapter 2 -. This contains all the theoretical framework on which to base the development of research….


The present work may perhaps be seen as a point of convergence of two historically distinct sequences of results. One sequence of results started with the work of Tennenbaum [59] who showed that there could be no nonstandard recursive model of the system PA of first order Peano arithmetic. Shepherdson [65] on the other hand showed that the system of arithmetic with open induction was sufficiently weak to allow the construction of nonstandard recursive models. Between these two results there remained for many years a large gap occasioned by a general lack of interest in weak systems of arithmetic. However Dana Scott observed that the addition alone of a nonstandard model of PA could not be recursive, while more recently McAloon [82] improved these results by showing that even for the weaker system of arithmetic with only bounded induction, neither the addition nor the multiplication of a nonstandard model could be recursive. Another sequence of results starts with the work of Lessan [78], and independently Jensen and Ehrenfeucht [76], who showed that the structures which may be obtained as the reducts to addition of countable nonstandard models of PA are exactly the countable recursively saturated models of Presburger arithmetic. More recently, Cegielski, McAloon and the author [81] showed that the above result holds true if PA is replaced by the much weaker system of bounded induction. However in both the case of the Tennenbaum phenomenon and in that of the recursive saturation of addition the problem remained open as to how strong a system was really necessary to generate the required phenomenon. All that was clear a priori was that open induction was too weak to produce either result.


This paper addresses the problem of decentralized event detection in large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Compared with centralized or hierarchical solutions, decentralized algorithms are superior in terms of scalability and robustness. However, traditional decentralized optimization tools, such as consensus optimization, entail intensive information exchange of high-dimensional decision vectors and multipliers. This paper exploits the phenomenon of limited influence, namely, the influence of one event only affects its neighboring area. For this scenario, we let each sensor make decisions for its local area rather than for the entire network, and individual decisions seek to collaboratively reach the global optimum through iterative local communications at low network costs. An optimal solution based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed. To further reduce the network communication load, we also propose a heuristic decentralized linear programming (DLP) algorithm, which is shown to be efficient via simulations.


Abstract : The long-term goal is to determine how best to leverage existing multi-model ensemble intra-seasonal to seasonal to interannual (ISI) climate predictions for the purpose of serving the U.S. Navy's ISI prediction requirements.


The redox potentials of cyclic nitroxyl radicals have been calculated for the reaction pair R2N=O/R2N–O using density functional theory and the polarizable continuum solvent model. The calculations of the redox potentials have taken into account the free-energy contributions from conformational ensembles of reactants using three computational schemes that included a thermodynamic cycle model for electron transfer in the gas phase and solution as well as direct calculations of the equilibrium free energies in water. Correlations between the experimental data and redox potentials computed by the three methods have been explored. The smallest inaccuracies were found for the approaches that use solute structures optimized in water.


Abstract : Military Specification MIL-P-6645H permits a maximum pull of 27 pounds to activate a parachute ripcord. A test was conducted to evaluate this force. Two hundred eleven physically fit male and female subjects made maximum voluntary exertions on five different parachute ripcord handles with the left hand, the right hand, and with both hands. The applied isometric forces were recorded. Considerable differences in the recorded forces were found to be attributable to sex and to one versus two hand pulls; lesser differences were caused by variations in ripcord handle types and locations. When both hands were used, almost all male subjects could exceed the permitted 27-pound pull. Significant numbers of female subjects using either one or both hands, and male subjects using only one hand could not exceed 27 pounds of pull. As a result, the authors recommend that the currently specified 27-pound limit not be increased as has been proposed, and that teaching the two-hand pull be continued. The same subjects also performed maximum voluntary exertions on two types of riser releases with the left and right hands. The type of riser release caused a significant difference in the force exerted.


E-government is one of the most common management opportunities utilised to improve government performance as e-government systems, offering a wide range of benefits for both citizens and governmental agencies, such as social services, digital democracy, e-commerce, taxation, revenue etc. However, in many developing countries, the goals of e-government have not been achieved, and the common reason for failure has been lesspublic participation and shortage of employees' knowledge. This paper aims to explore the use of serious game technology to improve e-government services by promoting the participation of citizens and offering better training to government employees in developing countries. Serious games can play an important role in support learning processes and expanding knowledge in a new more amenable way that can be exploited to improve e-government services. This study investigates the possibility of using serious games to encourage citizen participation in e-government and explores how serious games can provide a new way to easily traingovernment employees. To enhance the public participation and employees training, this work proposes a new concept of using serious games for effective e-government services.


An adaptive compensation zero circuit for a DC–DC buck converter is presented. The compensation resistance of the proportional compensator is dynamically adjusted according to the different output load conditions, and achieves an adequate system phase margin under different load conditions. In the experimented load-transient response, the dip voltage of 50 mV and a maximum settling time of 25 µs are observed with the proposed circuit for a load current variation from 0 to 1 A.


U.S. schools face increasing pressure to ensure that all students succeed, yet the dropout rate for English learners is alarmingly high, especially for those with limited or interrupted formal schooling (SLIFE). Serving SLIFE can be challenging because they not only need to master language and content but also need to develop literacy skills and learn to operate in formal classroom settings. We describe a culturally responsive instructional model that prepares SLIFE to access curriculum and instruction, and succeed on standardized testing.


The durable life,affecting factors and measures against ageing of buried geotextile are analyzed on the basis of the collected results of one ageing test of geotextile placed underwater and two ageing tests of geotextile buried in sand as well as the measured results of the geotextile used on 21 practical projects both at home and abroad.


If from different perspective, value difference sometimes emerges in the study of the same object by the same writer in the text and the prelude of the same book, which is true of Shi Pin Xu and Shi Pin. Though we think it reasonable, it may not accord with Zhong Wei's "rule", to consider it improper to discuss something not in the text proper but in the prelude. It is more credible to take "Zi Qing" for "Zi Qing" than for "Shao Qing". The appearance of "Xie Ke" and "Ling Yun" may add difficulty to understanding, but to take "Xie Ke" for "Xie Ke" is more credible than for "Xie Zhao", "Xie Zhuang", "Xie Zhan" or somebody else.


The digging in Egypt was about over in March 1920, and we had already made the surprising discovery of the funerary models of Meketra (discussed in the preceding article) when our men, clearing up the ruined portico of his big tomb, unexpectedly struck the buried entrance of a little tomb which had been under it. Rough steps going down had been successfully hidden with shale chips, and the little tomb door was still blocked with a stout brick wall, but once that had been removed we found ourselves in a narrow, rock-cut room which no one had seen for nearly forty centuries. At the back there was a coffin bearing the name of a certain Wah, and in it, under a pile of laundered bed linen, lay a mummy with wrappings still as fresh as the day it had been buried.


Abstract There is considerable evidence documenting pre-bid price and volume reaction to takeover announcements. This has at times been argued to constitute evidence of insider trading. Although insider trading probably occurs, much pre-bid trading may result from event anticipation. This paper documents the effects of one source through which such anticipation is disseminated, namely the print media. Our results show that measures of unexpected returns and turnover can be reduced by one third when the information from media reports is controlled for. The general implication of our finding is that, if other such sources were taken into account (for example, information conveyed by substantial shareholder notices and the transactions costs of trading), then previous evidence of statistically significant unexpected pre-bid returns and turnover may be substantially reduced if not eliminated.


We describe a new technique to determine the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon coming from the hadronic vacuum polarization using lattice QCD. Our method reconstructs the Adler function, using Pad\'{e} approximants, from its derivatives at q2=0 obtained simply and accurately from time-moments of the vector current-current correlator at zero spatial momentum. We test the method using strange quark correlators on large-volume gluon field configurations that include the effect of up and down (at physical masses), strange and charm quarks in the sea at multiple values of the lattice spacing and multiple volumes and show that 1% accuracy is achievable. For the charm quark contributions we use our previously determined moments with up, down and strange quarks in the sea on very fine lattices. We find the (connected) contribution to the anomalous moment from the strange quark vacuum polarization to be asμ=53.41(59)×10−10, and from charm to be acμ=14.42(39)×10−10. These are in good agreement with flavour-separated results from non-lattice methods, given caveats about the comparison. The extension of our method to the light quark contribution and to that from the quark-line disconnected diagram is straightforward.


The application of pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) motor has been widely used, and was used in image transmission system more. This paper designed a set of special control platform for multiple spindle PTZ figure system with the Matlab guide development interface. The platform was built in image recognition algorithm and motor control strategy and could finish identification and tracking of the intended targets. It could support numbers of control functions such as rotation and translation in the actual environment, and truly reproduce the real-time positioning function in the three-dimensional space environment. The results indicated that this design can be used a variety of positioning system based on image target.


We prove a finiteness property of the values of the skein polynomial of homogeneous knots which allows to establish large classes of such knots to have arbitrarily unsharp Bennequin inequality (for the Thurston-Bennequin invariant of any of their Legendrian embeddings in the standard contact structure of R^3), and a give a short proof that there are only finitely many among these knots that have given genus and given braid index.


The J. Paul Getty Museum and the Getty Research Institute possess two nineteenth-century photographic albums containing views of Chile. While the two albums appear only loosely related, they are, in fact, quite connected. Through a synopsis of several similar albums in archives in Chile and Switzerland, a number of photographs can be linked to the same circle of photographers in Valparaiso. Besides new attributions, this comparison yields insights into the photographic business in the port city, shedding light on the importance of international partnerships between studios, the consolidation of a pool of photographs from certain Chilean sites, the passing down of this image stock, and the longevity of some of the vistas as national icons.


To improve the technology strength of geological prospecting and the backward status of geo-equipment,authorized by State Council on August 8th in 1978,The Institute of Exploration Technology was founded.During the 30 years,staff of two generations have been working diligently and creatively to get great progress in the areas of research,construction and management.At present,a geological scientific research institution has been built.Based on prospecting technique,the institute has become a scientific research organization on geological survey.The author recalled the developing course of hard work and reforming of the institute,summarized the reforming of scientific and technique system,geological survey and scientific research.The key fields and preferred directions of geological survey and scientific research for the institute in Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period are pointed out.


Tris(ureidobenzyl)amine derivatives 1a,b form dimeric aggregates in apolar solution and in the solid state. Specifically, the meta-substituted tris(urea) 1a is able to transform into supramolecular gels in certain solvents via sonication.


The article considers the essence of the region's food security and defines conditions for its promotion. The article also characterizes the current state of affairs in the food security of the Vologda Oblast and identifies the problems of ensuring economic and physical availability of foodstuffs, the factors constraining the expanded reproduction in agriculture, food and processing industry.


A theoretical study has been carried out to interpret and support experimental findings regarding inhibition mechanism of HCV NS5b. Twenty-five HCV NS5b inhibitors were docked by QM-Polarized Ligand Docking (QPLD) technique. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods were used to derive 3D-QSAR models for the selected inhibitors. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models show good cross-validated (Q2) and non-cross-validated (R2) coefficients for the suggested inhibitors of 0.43, 0.98 and 0.65, 0.99, respectively. The inhibition mechanism was explored and validated. Details of the interactions between the inhibitors and HCV NS5b are given in terms of steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding fields. Enhancing potency via substitutions at positions, which were explored based on these parameters. A good correlation was found between 3D-QSAR and docking results.


Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive defect in a biotin-containing enzyme, Pyruvate carboxylase, which is considered as an enzyme of TCA-cycle regulation, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Increased lactate to pyruvate ratio and decreased three hydroxybutyrates to acetoacetate are the main biochemical features of PCD. The elevated level of Citrulline, Proline, and Lysine with a short life span has been reported previously. Patients' survival in almost all cases is below three months. Here, the authors aimed to report a girl with manifestations of Type B of PCD and longer survival (two-year and four-month-old). This patient did not have any changes in amino acid level, which was a unique case of Type B of PCD.


Background: Reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a subject of debate. We aimed to assess the risk and incidence rate of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a large cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases in Qatar. Methods: All SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed cases with at least one PCR positive swab that is [≥]45 days after a first positive swab were individually investigated for evidence of reinfection, and classified as showing strong, good, some, or weak/no evidence for reinfection. Risk and incidence rate of reinfection were estimated. Results: Out of 133,266 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 243 persons (0.18%) had at least one subsequent positive swab [≥]45 days after the first positive swab. Of these, 54 cases (22.2%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Median time between first and reinfection swab was 64.5 days (range: 45-129). Twenty-three of the 54 cases (42.6%) were diagnosed at a health facility suggesting presence of symptoms, while 31 (57.4%) were identified incidentally through random testing campaigns/surveys or contact tracing. Only one person was hospitalized at or following time of reinfection swab, but still had relatively mild infection. No deaths were recorded. Risk of reinfection was estimated at 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.05%) and incidence rate of reinfection was estimated at 1.09 (95% CI: 0.84-1.42) per 10,000 person-weeks. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 reinfection appears to be a rare phenomenon suggestive of a strong protective immunity against reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post primary infection.


Friedman et al. produced a thoughtful essay that presented theoretical and practical considerations of underlying reasons for social and behavioral actions of African Americans. Their work revealed a higher order of social structures that can impact HIV transmission. These higher-order structures included themes of survival, struggle, and propriety found in African American communities.1 While we applaud them in their analyses of myriad higher-order oppressive realities that can affect African Americans, we also were pleased that the authors made reference to practical community- and faith-based organizational challenges that affect deliverance of HIV prevention information and services.

Often, organizations that are empowered to deliver prevention interventions encounter obstacles that inhibit their service. These obstacles can structurally threaten the feasibility and sustainability of the organizations. Through assessments of organizational capacity to deliver services, public health agencies have identified the need to provide capacity-building assistance to organizations to assist them in delivering interventions with fidelity.2 For example, the authors noted that a major deterrence to service can be found in untrained staff who adhere to the "propriety theme" and thus the inadvertent stigmatization of clients.1 The fight to combat new transmission rates must be conducted not only at the individual level but also at the community level and through organizations that are culturally sensitive to the clients that they serve.

Building the capacity of the community- and faith-based organizations is a necessity when considering the practical assessment of HIV prevention in the context of communities of color. For many of the reasons mentioned in the Friedman et al. article, particularly given histories of oppression and funding shortages, many organizations have been inhibited in their work. Therefore, to assist in overcoming structural inadequacies, public health agencies and others have instituted capacity-building services for organizations. There has been such a need for this assistance that, according to a July 2009 report by the National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors and the Kaiser Family Foundation, helping organizations to reach target populations and to build capacity were the second and third challenges facing health departments, just behind the primary issue of funding.3 Public health agencies realize that the environmental and structural forces that enable HIV transmission to continue at epidemic rates in minority communities can only change with community involvement. Notwithstanding errant situations, it may be possible, through organizational capacity building, to alter some structural problems at the community and individual level.


We demonstrate the emergence of classical features in electronic quantum transport for the scanning gate microscopy response in a cavity defined by a quantum point contact and a micron-sized circular reflector. The branches in electronic flow characteristic of a quantum point contact opening on a two-dimensional electron gas with weak disorder are folded by the reflector, yielding a complex spatial pattern. Considering the deflection of classical trajectories by the scanning gate tip allows to establish simple relationships of the scanning pattern, which are in agreement with recent experimental findings.


Social entrepreneurship is a complex form of organization, which includes technological organizations, where market-based methods are used to solve social problems. Currently, the issue continues to increase in popularity, but remains poorly understood and its motivations remain undertheorized. The researchers affirm that compassion can complement the individual's own traditional motivations to influence social entrepreneurship. A model of three mechanisms is presented (integrative thinking, prosocial cost-benefit analysis and commitment to alleviate the suffering of others) that transform compassion into social entrepreneurship and identify the institutional conditions under which it is most likely to be carry on. In this article, we present an introduction on the definition of compassion, a model of how compassion encourages entrepreneurship and a model of the emerging organizational capacity for compassion, and we also discuss the contribution of both models.


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men in Romania and more recently is a common cause of mortality among women. The main risk factor is smoking. The prognosis of patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer is generally considered poor, with a median survival of 8-10 months and a 2-year survival of no more than 10%-20%. The use of checkpoint immunity inhibitors in many malignancies, including lung cancer, has revolutionized the field of oncology and improved the functions of the immune system in fighting cancer. However, only a few patients get clinically significant benefits, ranging from an improved quality of life to lasting clinical responses, including complete remissions that can last for many months even beyond the interruption of immunotherapy. Here, we describe the clinical course of a patient with metastatic lung cancer, who had an exceptional response to combination therapy immunotherapychemotherapy.


Urban sprawl generally refers to a low-density and unplanned development expanding outward from an urban center. Urban sprawl has been an urban issue due to its negative impacts on environment and economy. Many Korean cities also have a tendency towards urban sprawl. The purpose of this study is to measure urban sprawl in city-regions and analyze their type and characteristics associated with the sprawl. Local Labor-Market Areas(LLMAs) in Korea are chosen for the spatial unit of analysis. The extent to urban sprawl of the LLMAs is measured using various indicators with three categories: population and employment, land use, and urban structure. The results show that the LLMAs are classified into 4 types through cluster analysis, and in particular, Type 3 and 4 have tendencies of urban sprawl. The two types mostly consist of small and medium sized cities, but their tendency and characteristics are different. The results imply that local governments in Korea should implement different growth management policies considering the type of urban sprawl in each area and make multi-jurisdictional efforts.


Drastic reductions in financial and personal support for public education over the last years in Germany seem to open gateways to 'new' acceptance of punishment in the realm of pedagogy. This 'discourse' is clandestine in theory, hidden from the public but real in institutions of the child and young people welfare system. They intensify the penalisation of their 'drop-out' clientele. The special schools for pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) tend to act in that way, too. Particularly children and young people living in poverty are on the agenda of this new trend to penalise 'deviant' behaviour.

Programmes, trainings and drills are available. They are meant to help social workers and teacher in their position with new aims and functions. In their daily routine, most of them are overburdened and overloaded, because classes are overfilled and the number of families in the communal welfare system is growing rapidly, due to the so-called 'Hartz IV' legislative for unemployed families. This new trend is also a market place for the media; they launched an emergency call on education.

Some punitive praxis is contradictory to the human rights and the children rights, so that all professors for SEBD in Germany published a public declaration against the breaking up of the agreement of an education without violence. There is no empirical evidence for any positive outcome of such 'pedagogy'. Despite all 'modern' promises, working with fear, anxiety, shame and punishment doesn't pay in the long run.

This chapter clarifies the relationship between socio-economic development and this 'law and order' pedagogy, the loss of professional standards and the psychodynamic consequences for pupils labelled as 'deviant'.


Summary form only given. An approach to MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) yield measurement involving on-wafer functional testing was discussed. On-wafer RF testing, combined with minimum DC testing, provides the necessary testing of individual chips with minimum costs. The on-wafer tests used to screen MMICs for yield current include measurements of output power, complex gain, return loss, noise, and spurious output. To provide effective on-wafer screening of MMICs, testability must be included as part of the design. The design issues that influence on-wafer testability include pad placement, stability, number of connections, and thermal resistance. The testing required to identify good die may range from full functional testing of every specification to simple DC screening. The required level of testing is usually related to the performance requirements of the chip and the design margins.<<ETX>>


Summary
Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most serious weeds of rice fields in Asia. The species is predominantly selfing. To reveal the potential for multiple mutational events, outcrossing and gene flow in the sulfonylurea-resistant (SU-R) M. vaginalis populations, we investigated (i) if each SU-R population was a single SU-R biotype or a mixture of several SU-R biotypes using restriction analysis or direct sequencing of acetolacatate synthase (ALS) genes and (ii) genetic diversity of SU-R and -susceptible (S) populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Nineteen or 20 individuals were sampled from four SU-R and five SU-S populations respectively. Amino acid substitutions conferring resistance in the SU-R populations were Pro197Ser in the ALS1 or ALS3, or Asp376Glu in the ALS1 and each SU-R population was composed of a single SU-R biotype. In cluster analysis each SU-R individual formed a cluster, whereas the individuals from a SU-S population belonged to different clusters. Some SU-R populations showed polymorphic AFLP loci. The results indicated that these SU-R biotypes emerged from a single mutational event and any gene flow of SU-R genes from adjacent populations did not occur. A low level of outcrossing and recombinations of SU-R genes occurred within some SU-R populations of M. vaginalis.


This paper investigates capital, risk and liquidity decisions of the U.S. commercial banks during the period from 2001 till 2009. We extend the simultaneous equation model with partial adjustment introduced by Shrieves and Dahl (1992) and examine a relationship between bank liquidity, capital and risk adjustments in the presence of securitization. Our research empirically verifies the theoretical predictions of Repullo (2005). Our results indicate that banks simultaneously coordinate short-term adjustments in capital, risk and liquidity. We show that during the pre-crisis period short-term adjustments in bank capital inversely affect short-term adjustments in bank risk and vice versa. During the financial crisis, lower risk implies higher capital, however higher capital induces more risktaking. We provide some tentative explanations for this change in sign. Next, we find a significant, negative and bidirectional relation between bank risk and liquidity adjustments. Finally, we also establish that banks increase liquidity ratios when their capital ratios decline and lower their capital when their liquidity increases. Overall, our results show that an increase in capital induces banks to reduce their liquidity position and lower risk-taking. This outcome is consistent with the findings of Repullo (2005). Banks differ in the way they adjust their capital, liquidity and risk in the regular and distress times. Rates of liquidity and risk adjustment are mostly higher during the crisis, indicating that banks were inclined to reach desired levels of liquidity and risk much faster during the crisis than in the pre-crisis period. While the rates of capital adjustment are lower during the crisis, showing that banks faced difficulties changing capital ratios to desired levels during the financial turmoil. Our results emphasize that it is critical to incorporate the liquidity ratios, in addition to capital requirements, into the banking regulations. JEL Classification : G21, G28,


The work is an attempt to tackle the problem of spiritual authenticity in respect to human psychology. After having autlined the characteristics of this relarionship with the action of divine grace, the author takes into account the normal, pathological and deformed expressions of the spiritual life; subsequently, he examines all the implications which contribute towards the spiritual maturity of the human person.


The development of computing systems with large numbers of processors has been motivated primarily by the need to solve large complex problems more quickly than is possible with uniprocessor systems. Traditionally, multiprocessor systems have been uniprogrammed, i.e., dedicated to the execution of a single set of related processes, since this approach provides the fastest response for an individual program once it begins execution. However, if the goal of a multiprocessor system is to minimize average response time or to maximize throughput, then multiprogramming must be considered. In this paper, a model of a simple multiprocessor system with a two-program workload is reviewed; the model is then applied to an Intel iPSC/2 hypercube multiprocessor with a workload consisting of parallel wavefront algorithms for solving triangular systems of linear equations. Throughputs predicted by the model are compared with throughputs obtained experimentally from an actual system. The results provide validation for the model and indicate that significant performance improvements for multiprocessor systems are possible through multiprogramming. 4 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.


Introduction Bioadhesion at polymer interfaces is an important issue in the biocompatibility of implants, drug delivery, tissue engineering or marine biofouling. Our work is focused on developing polymer surfaces to study and overcome the marine biofouling problem. When a surface is immersed in a marine environment, it rapidly adsorbs organic matter present in the water. This is followed by the formation of a microbial biofilm by settlement and growth of bacterial cells, diatoms, algal spores or protozoa. These organisms bind to the surface using what are referred to as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which include biomacromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Biofilm formation promotes the settlement of larger invertebrates such as barnacles. Biofouling of ships is undesirable because of increased fuel and maintenance costs. One way to prevent the formation of a biofilm is to develop surfaces that are resistant to adsorption of EPS of the biological cells. Binding forces are stronger in the case of high-energy surfaces such as glass or metals, compared to low-energy surfaces such as poly(dimethylsiloxane). Fluoropolymers are another important class of low energy surfaces, with the surface energy of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (18.5 mJ/m) comparable to that of PDMS (22 mJ/m). This paper will discuss liquid crystalline polymers with semifluorinated side chains that have surface energy values as low as 8 mJ/m, and strategies to overcome the problems normally encountered with fluoropolymers, namely, poor solubility in common solvents, poor adhesion to substrate, etc. Liquid crystallinity of the side-chains prevents molecular reconstruction under water, a phenomenon commonly observed when a hydrophobic surface is in contact with a polar medium. The distinct property of segregation of fluoropolymers to an air-polymer interface will also be discussed.


This article takes a look back at the experiences of activists and volunteers in the Mississippi Summer Project also known as Freedom Summer. There is an exploration of the legacy of the many efforts enacted that summer in 1964 to challenge Jim Crow and his grips on the State of Mississippi. The lineage of the fight for freedom is then connected from that particular effort and struggle to the efforts undertaken by many young activists today who seek to expand the themes for social justice.


The Mexican and Central American species of Astaenomoechus Martinez and Pereira are revised. Thirteen species are recognized of which four were previously described: A. setosus, A. nevermanni and A. americanus all described by Boucomont (1936) from specimens collected in termite nests in Costa Rica and A. estriatus, a South American species described by Paulian (1982) that ranges into Central America. Nine new species are recognized: A. cavei, A. hispidus, A. rnixtus, A. multipunctatus, A. paniculus, A. parvosetosus, A. punctifions, A. solisi and A. strigulosus. All species occur in Costa Rica except A. cavei, which is found in Honduras and Belize. Only one species, A. americanus, occurs in Mexico. All species are described, keyed and lectotypes are selected for the species described by Boucomont (1936).


I recommend the book, but query the author's analysis of the relevance of previous offences to the credibility of the witness/defendant.


Mek4 and Sek are tyrosine kinases with expreseion patterns in the mouse embryo that suggest important functions in early development. However, like all Eph famlly kinases, both were Identified as orphan receptors without known ligands. We show that Mek4 and Sek soluble receptor-alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins can be used in a procedure termed RAP in situ to identify regions of ligand expression in the mouse embryo. Based on this spatial information, a cDNA expression library was prepared, and was screened with the fusion proteins to Identify Eph llgand family-l (ELF1). In cell lines and embryos, ELF-l is membrane bound by a phosphatidylinositol tail, a feature that may account for unique biological functions. Its sequence is homologous with 561, a ligand for the Eck kinase, defining a family of related ligands. The expression domains of ELF-l, Mek4 and Sek indicate potential roles in embryonic patterning.


Phase difference amplification(PDA) was proposed as a means of improving phase resolution and accuracy in interferometric measurement.Combined phase difference amplification with digital holography,a method of digital phase difference amplification(DPDA) using Fourier transform is proposed,which can be used to measure the weak phase.The method does not need an excellent test setup,and is more easy than conventional optics methods to restrain noise and adjust carrier parameter.Results of numerical simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed method is effective to get the lower noise phase difference amplification of over 100 times.More phase details in fringe patterns can be observed by use of the method.


This study aims to determine the effect of cooling medium in the quenching process on the level of the surface hardness of steel alloy ST 60 has a composition of 0.45% C, 0.33% Si; 0.43% Mn. While as the cooling medium varisi sequentially used oil SAE 20; SAE 40; and SAE 60.  Quenching heating process is done by heating the steel in the furnace heated to a temperature of austenite 750 0 C, being the quenching process is performed by using the oil cooler media SAE10; SAE 40; and SAE 80. The surface hardness before and after quenching is known to test the micro Vickers on a load of 150 grams, while the microstructure observation was performed using an optical microscope magnification of 200 x. Results showed a linear relationship between the level of violence to the level of dilution oil cooler. Material surface hardness increased with the increasing rate of the cooling medium viscosity. Sequentially large surface hardness of the thinned oil SAE 10; SAE 40; and SAE 80 is obtained 175VHN 0,015 ; 179 VHN 0,15 ; dan 195VHN 0,015 . The microstructure of the experience was change of pearlite into cementite with a higher level of dilution cooling medium.


In order to understand the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and thus to develop new pharmacological treatments, in vivo animal models that present features similar to those seen in TLE patients have been developed during the last four decades. Some of these models are based on the systemic administration of chemoconvulsants to induce an initial precipitating injury (status epilepticus) that is followed by the appearance of recurrent seizures originating from limbic structures.


In this paper we show how several models used to describe the reliability of computer software can be comprehensively viewed by adopting a Bayesian point of view. We first provide an alternative motivation for a commonly used model, the Jelinski–Moranda model, using notions from shock models. We then show that some alternate models proposed in the literature can be derived by assigning specific prior distributions for the parameters of the above model. We also obtain other structural results such as stochastic inequalities and association, and discuss how these can be interpreted.


In this work, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 MOSFETs grown by nonvacuum, cost-effective mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) method on Fe-doped GaN substrates were demonstrated for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements identify the pure <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 phase and the heteroepitaxial relationship with (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bar {2}01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\|$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0002) GaN. MOSFETs based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 thin films with source–drain spacings (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text{gd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 14 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were fabricated and characterized. The destructive breakdown voltages (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{BR}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were measured to be 836 and 1420 V, respectively. The ON– OFF ratio of the corresponding MOSFETs was about five orders of magnitude. These results suggest the great application potential of the nonvacuum and cost-effective mist-CVD epitaxial growth method in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 MOSFETs, which will greatly decrease the device cost.


Fully developed and stationary forced convection in a plane-parallel porous channel is analyzed. The boundary walls are modeled as impermeable and subject to external heat transfer. Different Biot numbers are defined at the two boundary planes. It is shown that the combined effects of temperature-dependent viscosity and viscous heating may induce flow instability. The instability takes place at the lowest parametric singularity of the basic flow solution. The linear stability analysis is carried out analytically for the longitudinal modes and numerically for general oblique modes. It is shown that longitudinal modes with vanishingly small wave number are selected at the onset of instability.


Potential injured area of athletes by image analysis may produce a frontier technology. In the method for determining the attitude of sports injuries, the potential injury-prone parts such as the wrist, waist and knees and other more hidden location during image capture almost can not guarantee the continuity of image acquisition, resulting in discontinuous movement in image features, which is hard to form reasonable judgment. Three-dimensional positioning method of motion magnitude is proposed on basis of ML, jointing three-dimensional dynamic model of the target, readily obtaining information of radial distance, azimuth and Doppler of athlete according to visual data, establishing the maximum likelihood estimation on moving amplitude in threedimensional target positioning, and achieve judgment of the target. Simulation results show that the potential sports injuries pose based on three-dimensional image analysis can effectively improve judging accuracy of injury attitude, internal division of media space distribution of injury, reducing injury probability in the long course and providing better protection for potential movement. Introduction Currently individual sports are in sustained rapid development, community healthy needs is gradually expanding [1], the judgment of potential injury caused by sports attacks is paid more and more attention [2]. Prevention demand of sports injuries as an important potential sports risks also increases [3, 4]. Considering correlation of sports injuries and psychological factors, such as, risk perception, risk responsibility, athletic ability determination, for public health population in perspective of sports psychology [5], determining experienced validity of the above factors on the actual fitness training in sports injuries, and exploring gender differences between them [6,7], provide a theoretical basis for further reducing and preventing sports injuries. At present, research platform for potential sports injury, to a certain extent, achieve basic injury judgments against injuries to provide self-protection and prevention by sports coaches and other professionals [8,9]. Tutorial prevention services of sports injuries are only provided for the internal sports professionals. Due to the various sports organizations with various integrated data [10], different prevention ways, it is not accurately to determine the potential injury, resulting in personnel duplication and resources waste. Potential injury prevention of sports is widely used in the field of large-scale sports, as a new concept of prevention so as to form concept in all sports injury environment, by efficient and convenient analysis of injury data information and processing. Three-dimensional positioning algorithm of motion amplitude estimation based on ML Three-dimensional positioning modeling of motion amplitude. Assuming one motion amplitude locates at ( , , ) x y z . The target's initial position is 0 0 0 0 ( , , ) x x y z = , with uniformed motion at ( , , ) x y z v v v v = speed,while at k time target's location ( , , ) k k k k x x y z = is described as:


We show that coherence times of ~ 100 ns are achievable with coherent Rydberg atom spectroscopy in micrometre-sized thermal vapour cells making them robust and promising candidates for scalable quantum devices like single-photon sources.


A kinetic study of the accumulation of C{sup 14} in the intermediates of steady state photosynthesis in C{sup 14}O{sub 2} provides information regarding the sequence of reactions involved. The work described applied the radio-chromatographic technique for analysis of the labeled early products. The simultaneous carboxylation reaction resulting in malic acid as well as phosphoglycerate is demonstrated in experiments at high light intensity. A comparison of radioactivities in a number of phosphorylated sugars as a function of time reveals concurrent synthesis of fructose and sedoheptulose phosphates followed by that of ribulose phosphates and later by that of glucose phosphates. The possibility that the cleavage of C{sub 4} compounds to C{sub 2} carbon dioxide acceptors may involve C{sub 7} and C{sub 5} sugars and evidence for this mechanism is presented.


SMA X Kec. Baros has a vision and mission to make his students excel and have noble character. SMA X students need to be equipped with non-academic knowledge to increase their understanding of the adaptation of new habits, especially provision through health education activities. This health education program is a community service using a quantitative approach to measure the level of understanding of students regarding the adaptation of new habits. Students level of understanding was measured using a quasi experimental method. Comparison of the level of effectiveness of the implementation of health education programs between before and after was measured by group pre-test and post-test. Paired sample test was used to analyze the data. The test results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of students knowledge about the adaptation of new habits with a p value <0.001. Based on these results, it can be concluded that health education is effective in increasing the knowledge of SMA X Kec. Baros.


We present a preliminary numerical study of spinodal decomposition in an asymmetric polymer mixture, i. e., of polymer with different chain lengths, in three dimensions with full Flory-Huggins-de Gennes free energy, numerically integrating the time evolution equations for the conserved order parameter. For the sake of comparison, we also present a numerical study of the symmetric polymer mixture. The results indicate that the scaled structure factor for the asymmetric polymer mixture is much broader than that of a symmetric polymer mixture. It is interesting that the growth exponents are not symmetric around the critical quench, i. e., growth exponents on the two sides of the critical composition are different. In addition to that, the magnitudes of the pair correlation functions of asymmetric mixtures are very small for x larger than the characteristic domain size r g and the oscillations seen in the symmetric mixture are almost absent. We have attributed this finding to the rough interfaces and broader domain size distribution in the phase separated asymmetric polymer mixtures. Therefore, the simulation reveals that the asymmetry plays an important role for the spinodal decomposition dynamics of polymer mixtures.


A discrete wavelet-based stochastic formulation has been presented in this paper for the seismic analysis of sliding structures. The ground motion has been modeled as a non-stationary process by using discrete wavelet transform. The proposed formulation is based on replacing the non-linear system by an equivalent linear system with time-dependent properties. The expressions of the instantaneous damping, mean square velocity response and slip displacement response have been obtained in terms of the input discrete wavelet coefficients. In comparison with the Monte-Carlo method, it is shown that the non-stationary earthquake responses of sliding structures can be calculated correctly by the discrete wavelet-based analysis method. Finally the maximum root mean square slip displacement spectra of the base-isolation structure are presented.


This paper describes PI controller design to control the variable speed refrigeration system effectively. The conventional control schemes of the system are mainly focused on representative two control methods, superheat control and capacity control. In the variable speed refrigeration system, the capacity and the superheat are controlled by inverters and electronic expansion valves respectively for saving energy and improving cost performance. The capacity and superheat can not be controlled independently because of interfering loop when the compressor speed and opening angle electronic expansion valve is varied. Therefore, we suggest decoupling model to eliminate the interfering loop at first. Next, we designed PI controller and investigated the control performance through some numerical simulations.


Continuing decline in prices in Euro area leads to decrease in asset value. It deteriorates balance sheets of firms and banks and still more sharpens debt crisis that results in credit crunch when firms are reluctant to borrow and banks are unwilling to lend. In article it is noted that transition from debt relation to participation in assets will allow increasing both demand of firms for credit and banks' willing to lend and thus will recover lending process and economic growth.


Moral motivation refers to the internal driving forces that give rise to individuals' moral behaviors for achieving their moral goals. It typically contains two dimensions: Agency and communion. Agency denotes motives to advance the well-being of self within a social hierarchy, as manifested in achievement, social power, or material wealth. Communion denotes motives to advance the well-being of others, as manifested in concerns for disadvantaged, distant others, or the ecological well-being of the planet. Based on Sina Weibo data, the current study has depicted how moral motivation fluctuated throughout the day. Our Weibo data contained tens of millions of social media user statistics and hundreds of microblogs. Two separate levels of analysis were used to explore the changes of moral motivation. The first level was group-means level. In this level, we used all data we collected including all microblog users, and the "group-means" means the word frequencies of communion or agency per minute, which neglected the individual differences. The second level was individual-means level. In this level, only the most active individuals were included. When we calculated the moral motivation per minute, we first looked at the communion/agency of each user, and then averaged the results of all users. Results indicated that moral motivation in the morning was higher than that in the afternoon, evening, and night, with rejuvenating benefits of eating and sleeping at both group level and individual level. Moreover, there appeared a diverging effect between agency and communion. Specifically, we have found that after eating (especially lunch) and sleeping (including naps around noon), moral motivation peaked and then decreased until the next time for food and bed, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese belief that every morning is a refreshing start in everyday life. Our findings also extend previous research on self-regulatory strength depletion and restoration to the domain of moral motivation, and changes of moral motivation might be the real cause and underlying mechanism behind the behavioral differences in the morning and the afternoon. The current study makes contributions in several areas. First, this research has provided a complete picture of moral changes throughout the day for the very first time based on Sina Weibo data. Second, this research advances the literature on moral behaviors by including changes of moral motivation, which might be a crucial and new mediator for moral behavioral changes. Third, our findings increase the generalizability of previous research on moral behaviors by replicating the findings with a Chinese sample. Finally, compared with survey study and experiments, the social media data we collected and utilized include more comprehensive and in-depth information, which contributes to the robustness of our results. Taken together, our findings provide further validation and empirical support for the morning morality effect and reveal the dynamic pattern of the changes of human moral motivation.