A blend of m-xylene and n-dodecane has been proposed as a surrogate for JP-8. However, before this blend can be tested, there is a need to investigate combustion characteristics of individual components. To accomplish this objective, m-xylene combustion was investigated behind reflected shock waves to obtain ignition delay times. Two single pulse shock tubes, one non-heated and another heated, were used to obtain the present set of data. The experimental conditions covered a temperature range of 1100-1950 K, at pressures of 2 and 18 atm, at equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1 and 3, using argon as the diluent gas (93, 98, and 99 (vol. %)). Ignition delay times were measured at the end wall of the shock tube from the onset of visible broadband emission and CH*, OH* chemiluminescence. The results show an indiscernible difference between ignition delay times over the range of equivalence ratios tested. The increase in pressure shortens the ignition delay times, and the decrease in argon content in the fuel mixture enhances the ignition process and produces shorter ignition delay times. The ignition delay times were modeled using the SERDP JP-8 surrogate mechanism developed by Gudiyella, Brezinsky and Wang. Three approaches to simulate the ignition delay times were used in the current shock tube study: (1) ChemkinPro powered "Closed Homogeneous Batch Reactor model," which uses constant volume and energy assumption. (2) A newly developed in-house modified Chemkin code, SHOCKIN, which takes experimental pressure profile as an input to the program and provides accurate modeling of gas dynamics effects associated with the shock tube experiments. (3) A 1-D CFD code (GASKIN) for simulation of shock tube flows with detailed chemistry developed by Bilyeu et al. A detailed evaluation of the performance of the kinetic model and the abovementioned modeling approaches was performed. The present work provides a comprehensive ignition delay data set for validation of m-xylene oxidation mechanism.


The high Peak-to-Average-Power ratio (PAR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission systems has become a significant issue in the design of modern multicarrier systems. One of the earliest and most popular techniques is tone reservation [1], where a set of unused tones (or specially reserved-tones) are exploited to generate time-domain signals to reduce the signal peaks. The reserved-tones are usually allocated in advance and are unused for data transmission. In this work, choosing the reserved-tones dynamically based on the actual signal realization via an l1-norm constraint is proposed and shown to significantly improve the PAR performance of tone reservation. With the reserved-tones being chosen dynamically and no side information about the reserved-tone set at the receiver, additional processing is needed. Methods to help the receiver reliably estimate the reservedtone set are also explored. For an N = 64 16-QAM OFDM system, dynamically choosing the reservedtones reduces the PAR by 1.2 dB at 10 symbol clip probability compared to a fixed reserved-tone set.


The connection specifics of mature-aged men personal characteristics and their loneliness experience experience. The objective of this study is empirical research of the connection specifics of mature-aged men personal characteristics and their loneliness experience. Method. To achieve the goal and to test the hypotheses of the research the following data tools have been used: Diagnostic Questionnaire The included 50 single men, aged 35 to 55. Results. A study showed the presence of positive links between the individual characteristics of mature-aged men and the peculiarities of their loneliness experience. Conclusion. The results of the study allows us to confirm the existence of statistically significant connection between a number of personal characteristics of the single men and the depth, types and level of their loneliness experience.


Adolescents should aware of leucorrhea symptoms. Continuous pathological vaginal discharge will disrupt the function of the female reproductive organs, especially in the ovarian tract, which can cause infertility. Women who lack knowledge and information about genital hygiene will also have an impact on their behavior in maintaining genital hygiene, because knowledge and good care behavior are determining factors in maintaining genital hygiene. This study aimed to determine and analyze the factors that influence leucorrhea in female students. This is quantitative and qualitative mixed methods research. The research was conducted at SMA Harapan Mekar Medan. The population was all class XII female students totaling 33 people. The sampling used was total sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test at 95% confidence level (?=0.05). The results showed that the factors influencing leucorrhea in class XII female students at the School were knowledge (p=0.005), attitude (p=0.016), behavior (p=0.005), and source of information (p=0.006) and there was no effect of the adolescent care health program on leucorrhea (p=1.000).  The conclusion shows that knowledge of personal hygiene is the most dominant variable affecting leucorrhea in female students. It is suggested to the School to pay attention to facilities such as clean water sanitation and toilets and cooperate with the Health Center to organize health counseling and demonstrate how to take care of genital hygiene using a phantom of external reproductive organs so that students can directly practice genital hygiene actions


Abstract Background : Serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), blood white cell count (WBC), serum procalcitonin (PCT) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in 132 children hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia. Serological evidence for viral infection was found in 38 cases and for pneumococcal infection in 41 cases, and the infiltrate was alveolar in 46 cases and interstitial in 86 cases. The aim of the present paper was to determine if there is a combination of these four host response markers and chest radiograph findings suitable for differentiating pneumococcal from viral etiology of pneumonia.


Abstract The relationship between plant yield and the phosphorus (P) concentration in dried tops and seed of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha), yellow Serradella (Ornithopus compressus), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) was determined, and critical P, which is the P concentration in tissue that is related to 90% of the maximum yield of each species at each harvest, was interpolated. Critical P data are limited for subterranean clover and wheat, which are widely grown in south‐western Australia. There are no critical P data for burr medic and yellow senadella, two new pasture legumes. For each species, critical P varied, often markedly, for different experiments. For all species, (i) critical P in dried tops generally decreased with increasing maturity, (ii) critical P was larger for seed than dried tops near maturity.


An ultra wideband printed planar elliptical monopole is reported. The antenna has a simple printed structure, mounted perpendicular to a small metallic ground plane. The proposed antenna can be used for multiband operation, with omnidirectional radiation pattern in azimuth plane. The antenna operates over an extremely wide impedance bandwidth of more than 25:1, determined by 10 dB return loss and covers almost all present day wireless communication systems: Advanced mobile phone system, global system for mobile communication, digital communication system, universal mobile telecommunication system, and broadband wireless metropolitan area network system for operation in the 2–11 GHz band. This article presents the design, analysis, and experimental results for the proposed antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1082–1085, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI.10.1002/mop.22343


In the crystalline state a resorcarene dimer linked by ten
hydrogen-bonding water molecules encapsulates the hydrogen-bonded complex
Et3N+–H···OH2
while bromide anions are positioned outside the cavity.


Thermal desorption spectra and adsorption isobars were recorded for the Sm-W(100) system. The density dependences of the heat of adsorption l, of the average lifetime τ of the Sm atoms on the surface, and of the pre-exponential factor in the equation for the desorption rate were also determined. The lifetime τ and, consequently, the thermal stability of the adsorbed films fell monotonically on increase in the density N of the adsorbed atoms in the range of surface coverages 0 < θ < 3. This was observed even when the value of θ was such that the heat of adsorption increased on increase in N (for example, in the range 0.5 ≤ θ ≤ 0.9). The nature of the observed difference between the dependences τ(θ) and l(θ) was analyzed


In this paper, DFT-Based channel estimation with channel response mirroring is proposed and analyzed. In General, pilot symbols for channel estimation in MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output) OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) Systems have a diamond shape in the time-frequency plane. An interpolation technique to estimate the channel response of sub-carriers between reference symbols is needed. Various interpolation techniques such as linear interpolation, low-pass filtering interpolation, cubic interpolation and DFT interpolation are employed to estimate the non-pilot sub-carriers. In this paper, we investigate the conventional DFT-based channel estimation for noise reduction and channel response interpolation. The conventional method has performance degradation by distortion called "edge effect" or "border effect". In order to mitigate the distortion, we propose an improved DFT-based channel estimation with channel response mirroring. This technique can efficiently mitigate the distortion caused by the DFT of channel response discontinuity. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional DFT-based channel estimation in terms of MSE.


The problem in this research is the lack of use of varied media and methods resulting in low student mathematics learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any influence and use of three-dimensional media on student learning outcomes in mathematics subject matter of blocks and cubes for fifth grade elementary school students. This research method is a quantitative experiment with a true experimental design with a posttest-only control design. With the data collection technique using a test in the form of multiple choice questions. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SD Negeri 106 OKU, taking samples with total sampling. Data analysis technique using test analysis Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of three-dimensional media on the learning outcomes of block and cube material for fifth grade students of SD.
Keywords: Three Dimensional Media, Learning Outcomes, net of blocks and cubes.


Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains (PSB) were isolated from maize, onion, jasmine, and tomato rhizosphere soils from four different localities of Salem (Tamil Nadu) - (i) Ammapalayam, (ii) Attayampatty, (iii) Seeragapadi, and (iv) Ariyanoor. Twelve efficient PSB isolates were selected from the colonies based on their ability to form clear zone on Pikovskaya's agar medium. The isolated PSB released high amount of phosphorus from calcium phosphate. The efficient bacterial strains isolated from rhizosphere soils released high amount of phosphorus. Oligonucleotide primers in RAPD characterization showed genetic variation among the bacterial strains. Amplified fragments showed 40% shared and 20% unique polymorphic bands. The rest 40% was monomorphic bands.


The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere comprising high concentration of electrons and ions, mostly caused by the solar radiation producing free electrons from the existing atmospheric gases. It extends from 50 km to more than 1000 km altitude. Although solar radiation is stronger at higher altitude but there are very few gaseous atoms at this height; hence the ionization is sparse. The ionospheric properties such as electron density, ion and electron temperatures, ionospheric composition, and dynamics vary with altitude, latitude, longitude, local time, season, solar cycle, as well as magnetic activity. Ionization changes at the equatorial and polar regions are known to be high compared to relatively moderate changes in the mid-latitude region. The variability of the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere is due to the large-scale electrodynamics associated with the equatorial electrojet (EEJ), plasma fountain, equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), equatorial wind, and temperature anomaly etc. The EEJ refers to an enhanced daytime eastward electric current in the E region due to a strong vertical polarization electric field developed in a latitude band of ±3 about the dip equator. This eastward electric field at the dip equator gets mapped onto F region through the (E × B) drift, lifting the plasma to higher altitudes. The uplifted plasma diffuses down along magnetic field lines into both hemispheres creating two crests of plasma, one in each hemisphere (EIA generation). The overall process is called as the "fountain effect" [2]. The EIA can be described by a trough (minimum) in the ionization densities around the dip equator and a crest (maximum) around ±15 magnetic latitude on each hemisphere. The EIA intensity on a day and its latitude of crest development explicitly depends on the EEJ strength at the equator. Hence, there is strong EIA on a day with strong EEJ, less prominent EIA on a day when CEJ develops, and even absence of EIA crest during certain severe geomagnetic disturbances [19]. All these unique features at the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere are due to the perfect horizontal alignment of the geomagnetic field


With increasing number of genetically modified mice, the refinement of existing behavioural tests is required. The IntelliCage has been invented for monitoring different aspects of mouse behaviour living in social groups with minimal human interference. IntelliCage consists of 4 learning corners, where drinking is possible. Time and place of access to water can be individually programmed. The C57BL/6J mice with bilateral excitotoxic lesion of the hippocampus (HIP) or sham-operation (CON) were used for validating several learning tasks in the IntelliCage. The following experimental designs were applied: adaptation to drinking sessions (two 1-hour sessions during dark phase), place preference learning and reversal, serial reversal (new correct corner assigned for each session), patrolling (correct corner moved to the next position by one step after correct visit), and chaining (correct corner moved to the next position after each visit). The HIP mice showed impaired adaptation to the fixed schedule of drinking sessions that persisted throughout the testing period. It may be seen as an equivalent for behavioural disinhibition. Place preference learning was faster in the HIP mice, probably due to the fact that they showed less alternation already during early adaptation. Impaired flexibility was evident in the early phase of reversal. More pronounced impairment was found in the serial reversal experiment. However, with prolonged training the difference between HIP and CON mice disappeared. Patrolling and chaining revealed significant impairment in HIP mice. A common finding in all modules was the transient hyperactivity in HIP mice in response to changed rules. Duration and magnitude of hyperactive reaction depended on the complexity of the task. In summary, the set of learning tasks presented here may be taken as a battery for fast and reliable screening of mouse models for hippocampal deficit.


The author considers Naghdi's equations for a linearly elastic shell, clamped along its entire boundary, and proves that these equations are amenable to the theory of Agmon, Douglis, and Nirenberg. This allows the author to prove a regularity result for the corresponding weak solution.


Abstract Despite dozens of studies, research on crime has struggled to reach consensus about the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) gun laws. With this in mind, we formalize and apply a class of bounded-variation assumptions that flexibly restrict the degree to which outcomes may vary across time and space. Using these assumptions, we present empirical analysis of the effect of RTC laws on violent and property crimes in Virginia, Maryland, and Illinois. Imposing specific assumptions that we believe worthy of consideration, we find that RTC laws increase some crimes, decrease other crimes, and have effects that vary over time for others.


INTRODUCTIONUnder the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, a defendant is designated a career offender if: (1) the defendant is at least eighteen at the time of the instant offense; (2) the offense is a "felony that is either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense"; and (3) "the defendant has at least two prior felony convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense."1 In recent years, the Supreme Court has issued a number of decisions calling into question the imposition of career offender sentence enhancements for individuals previously thought to fall within this statutorily defined category of offenders.2 As a result, several federal courts of appeals have been called upon to address whether individuals who received career offender sentences for crimes that no longer qualify them for this status now have cognizable claims to resentencing under 28 U.S.C. § 2255.3 Such resentencing could potentially lead to a sentence reduction for individuals affected by the Court's recent decisions.The Supreme Court has stated that the inquiry for § 2255 motions that are neither jurisdictional nor constitutional is "whether the claimed error of law [is] 'a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice,' and whether '[i]t . . . present[s] exceptional circumstances where the need for the remedy afforded by the writ of habeas corpus is apparent.'"4 In the context of erroneous career offender sentences, many federal courts have found, both before and after the Supreme Court made the Sentencing Guidelines advisory rather than mandatory in United States v. Booker,5 that such errors are not cognizable under this "miscarriage of justice" standard where the sentence falls within the statutory maximum for the crime.6 Such decisions, however, are far from unanimous.7Circuit courts are currently split as to whether pre-Booker § 2255 claims are cognizable. In 2011, the Eighth Circuit and the Seventh Circuit reached different conclusions when applying the miscarriage of justice standard to determine whether an error in the application of the then-mandatory Sentencing Guidelines where the sentence fell within the statutory maximum for the crime could be cognizable under § 2255. In Sun Bear v. United States, the Eighth Circuit held that the petitioner was not entitled to challenge his erroneous career offender status since his sentence fell within the Guidelines range for the underlying crime.8 Conversely, in Narvaez v. United States, the Seventh Circuit applied the same standard but explicitly rejected the argument that there was no miscarriage of justice because the petitioner's erroneous sentence still fell within the twenty-year maximum for the underlying crime.9 Instead, the court found that "[s]peculation that the district court today might impose the same sentence is not enough to overcome the fact that, at the time of his initial sentencing, Mr. Narvaez was sentenced based upon the equivalent of a nonexistent offense."10For sentences conferred post-Booker, although there is currently no active circuit split, federal appeals courts have struggled to reach a consensus on the question, with some reversing their original decisions in favor of cognizability upon en banc rehearing.11 Nonetheless, each of these decisions denying § 2255 review has drawn strong dissents.12 In Hawkins v. United States, the Seventh Circuit argued, despite its earlier decision in favor of cognizability in Narvaez, that "[a]n error in the interpretation of a merely advisory guideline is less serious."13 It further found that society's interests in finality and administrability outweighed the possibility of injustice in the form of a longer-than-necessary sentence, particularly where, in the wake of Booker, the judge was free to give a lower sentence at the time of the initial sentencing.14By contrast, in Spencer v. United States (Spencer I), the Eleventh Circuit held that erroneous designations of the career offender status could constitute a cognizable claim under a timely first § 2255 motion, even for petitioners sentenced after Booker. …


As the Swat valley, and neighbourhood, which constitute the principal portion of the old province of Udyāna, have hitherto been inaccessible for archæological research, the following rough notes (made during the little time at my disposal as Chief Political Officer with the Chitral Relief Force, and lately as Political Officer for Dir and Swat) may induce others better qualified to devote some attention to this interesting neighbourhood. They are principally connected with the travels of the Chinese pilgrim Huan Tsiang, as given in Beal's "Buddhist Records of the Western World."


In this study, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically-convex
 functions using fuzzy integrals are presented. Some examples are also given
 to illustrate the obtained results.


A new procedure is worked out of 133m Ba separation from proton irradiated caesium chloride. 133m Ba was coprecipitated with calcium carbonate and the latter dissolved in hydrochloric acid and neutralized. More than 60% of the isotope is accumulated in the skeleton of rats. Good scans of rabbit bones were obtained.


The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, including goiter and cancer, is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population. An excess or deficiency of specific chemical element contents in thyroid parenchyma plays an important role ingoitroand carcinogenesis of this gland. The variation with age of the mass fraction of twenty elements (Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, V, and Zn) in normal thyroids of 33 females (mean age 54.5 years, range 3.5-87) was investigated. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for chemical element analysis. This work revealed that there is a statistically significant increase in Al, Br, Ca, Cu, Fe, P, S and Zn mass fraction, as well as a decrease in the Cl mass fraction in the normal thyroids of females during a lifespan. Results of the study showed that for elderly females there is a goitrogenic and carcinogenic association with elevated levels of the thyroid parenchymal chemical elements as Al, Br, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn, which increase intra-thyroidal oxidative stress.


The reusability of design patterns is the convenient way of reusability design thinking and object-oriented code.Inheriting and using the design patterns efficiently would good for the development of software and improve the reusability,stability and maintainability.This paper analyzes the application of design patterns in the Java I/O Lib and AWT Lib,and clarifies the characteristic of design patterns and the advantages of using the design patterns.


Aim:  To report the 3‐year treatment results of definitive irradiation by using a temporary interstitial implant with low‐dose rate iridium‐192 with or without external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.


Fusion remains the standard of care and is associated with a high satisfaction rate. But.… fusion generally requires 6 weeks of restricted weight bearing or immobilization. Potential problems include 1) nonunion, 2) malunion, 3) sesamoid pain (from DJD), 4) late onset IP1 DJD. Complete joint replacement has been performed with a number of different designs since the early 19709s. The metal and poly designed implants are associated with a high failure rate, presumably from high shear loads, eccentric axial loads, poor fixation and bone stock problems. Resurfacing of both sides of the joint with a one piece silicone based crosslinked rubber {"silastic"} in rheumatoid patients appears to function better with use of metal grommets to reduce generation of particle debris and foreign body reaction. These silastic implants are still used by surgeons in select low-demand rheumatoid patients. Salvage after failure of any of these total joint replacements can be challenging because of loss of bone stock. 3 other methods are used to resurface the joint in severe OA: 1) resurfacing the proximal phalangeal side only, 2) resurfacing the metatarsal head only and 3) resurfacing the joint with and interposition arthroplasty. 1) advantage of the proximal phalangeal side resurfacing is simplicity of geometry; the disadvantage is disruption of the FHB attachment and the relative scarcity of severe cartilage damage at that side of the joint. 2) Advantage of the metatarsal head side for resurfacing is that is the typical location of the arthritic change; the disadvantage is potential interference with the sesamoid complex and bulkiness of fixation could lead to a more difficult salvage. 3) The advantage of interposition arthroplasty is the maintenance of bone stock; disadvantages include inconsistent local tissue and somewhat less predictable outcomes. In this talk I will focus primarily on the technique and results of a proximal phalangeal resurfacing approach for OA of the MTP1 joint.


A surface geochemical technique utilizing normal paraffin (C{sub 7+}) and aromatic (C{sub 8}) hydrocarbons in soil gas has been successfully used as pathfinders in surveys for geothermal resources in Indonesia. The Dieng field was used to test the technique. The result shows the paraffin anomalies to be near and over productive wells. Because productive wells usually lie over upflow zones it reinforces our hypothesis that paraffins define the upflow of geothermal systems. The aromatic hydrocarbon alkylbenzene C{sub 8} was found near and around productive wells in the southeast quadrant of the Dieng field (Sikidang-Merdada area) but they are more spread out and more diffuse than the paraffins. The shape of their anomaly seems to suggest a tendency of spreading into the direction of lower elevations. It is thought that the aromatics, which are much more soluble than their corresponding paraffins, express at the surface as anomalies not only of locations of the upflow but also of the outflow of the geothermal system as well. Therefore the combined paraffin and aromatic anomalies, and topography, may be used as an indicator for the direction of the outflow or the flow of the under ground waters. The scarcity of the aromatics in themore » northwest quadrant of the Dieng field (Sileri area) is unique. A hypothesis has been proposed which could explain this unique feature.« less


[Purpose] The purpose of this research is to compare the influence of various standing postures on the pelvic movement direction and gluteus medius activity of the opposite side with the pelvis fixed by passive resistance during lateral pelvic movement exercises, in order to gain electromyographic evidence for closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise methods for hip abductor muscle training. [Subjects] The subjects were 20 healthy adults. [Method] The exercise task of moving the pelvis laterally to the left was performed with both thighs internally rotated, externally rotated, and in the neutral position, with maximum load and a load of half the body weight on the right leg. [Result] The muscle activity of the right gluteus medius was greatest when the movement task was performed with internal rotation of the thighs and maximum load. [Conclusion] Even though the exercise of moving the pelvis laterally with the pelvis fixed in one-leg standing is difficult, its possibility in abductor muscle CKC training is electromyographically supported.


Reading is one of the important activities for human civilization, and the state and society are attaching great importance to the reading promotion activities. Recently years, university library has also carried out a variety of reading promotion activities,but its actual effect remained to be strengthened. In this paper, we analyzed some drawbacks of university in reading promotion activities, and also put forward several strategies for facilitating the effective development of reading promotion in the future.


The cylindrical ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability problem, including flow and a resistive wall, is cast in the standard mathematical form, ωA⋅x=B⋅x, without discretizing the vacuum regions surrounding the plasma. This is accomplished by means of a finite element expansion for the plasma perturbations, by coupling the plasma surface perturbations to the resistive wall using a Green's function approach, and by expanding the unknown vector, x, to include the perturbed current in the resistive wall as an additional degree of freedom. The ideal MHD resistive wall mode (RWM) can be stabilized when the plasma has a uniform equilibrium flow such that the RWM frequency resonates with the plasma's Doppler-shifted sound continuum modes. The resonance induces a singularity in the parallel component of the plasma perturbations, which must be adequately resolved. Complete stabilization within the ideal MHD model (i.e., without parallel damping being added) is achieved as the grid spacing in the region of the re...


Three clinical cases of mandibular giant follicular cyst were described. Personal experience with an initial conservative approach is described and some interesting conclusions about the short time of bone new generation of maxillary are presented. As soon as possible, the extraction of impacted tooth will be made without the risk of mandibular fracture or vascular-nervous lesions.


We consider the optimal measurement procedures for estimating an unknown maximally entangled state with local operations and classical communications (LOCC). By the 'optimal', we mean that there is no other LOCC measurements that can provide a higher estimation fidelity. In fact, we first use the positive partial transpose constraint to obtain an upper bound of the fidelity; then, we show there exists a kind of LOCC measurement that can attain such a bound. The estimation fidelity of the optimal LOCC estimation procedures is (D+2/(D+1)D{sup 2}) with D denoting the dimension of the relevant quantum system.


Objective To investigate the influence of EB virus(EBV) infection on the expression of oncogene bcl-2.Methods EBER1 in 217 cases of gastric carcinoma were detected with in situ hybridization.Then,EBV positive and negative cases were selected for analysis of the expression of bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry.Results In 217 cases of gastric carcinoma,there were 23 cases with EBER1 positive.The expression of bcl-2 was higher in EBV positive gastric carcinoma than that in EBV negative,respectively AA,MOD and IOD((67.31)±(5.95)) μm~2,(17.60)±(2.80) and(1.75)±(0.13) vs((38.1)±(4.14)) μm~2,(5.00)(0.0) and(1.35)±(0.07)(P(0.01)).Conclusion EBV infection in gastric carcinoma increased the expression of bcl-2.


Intelligence analysis is highly complex and requires a multitude of skills and aptitudes. Because of the nature of intelligence analysis it is extremely unlikely that analysts will ever be completely replaced by computer systems. In their work analysts face a great many obstacles including deception and their own cognitive biases. The prototype system described here attempts to provide analysts with a structured, supportive and challenging environment that can be used in conjunction with proprietary and open source tools to help them deal with the complexities of the issues they face. Further, the system is designed to encourage collaborative working and transparency of process.


As the result of examining a considerable number of specimens belonging to the species Monograptus fimbriatus, M. raitzhainiensis, and M. triangulatus from certain strata of Llandovery age at a locality in North Cardiganshire, the writer is led to the conclusion that the forms comprised within these species constitute a continuously graded morphological series; and that the stratigraphical occurrence of these forms shows that this series is, further, an evolutionary lineage.


Recently, Steinerberger proved a uniform inequality for the Laplacian serving as a counterpoint to the standard uniform sublevel set inequality which is known to fail for the Laplacian. In this paper, we observe that many inequalities of this type follow from a uniform lower bound on the $L^1$ norm, and give an analogous result for any linear differential operator, which can fail for non-linear operators. We consider lower bounds on the $L^p$ quasi-norms for $p<1$ as a stronger property that remains weaker than a uniform sublevel set inequality and prove this for the Laplacian and heat operators. We conclude with some naturally arising questions.


With the increasing requirements of Information Centric Networking (ICN) on high bandwidth, low delay and high fault tolerance, more and more ICN networks begin to adopt the hierarchical topology. The hierarchical topology based on ICN can establish multiple equivalent paths between any two servers in different locations, resulting in high bandwidth, high throughput and high error tolerance. However, the traditional routing algorithm can not give full play to the performance improvement brought by the hierarchical structure, which will cause a great waste of bandwidth. Therefore, this paper studies a load balancing routing algorithm of ICN based on Software Defined Network (SDN). It relies on SDN controller to obtain the global information of ICN and make the optimal load balancing routing decision, so as to reduce the probability of network congestion and improve the bandwidth utilization.


This paper has developed and evaluated a framework for simulating activity diary data. It is claimed in the paper that simulating activity diary data can be useful to assist practitioners and researchers in the estimation of activity-based travel demand models. Especially in cases were the cost of collecting activity diary data is huge, or in cases when response rates are low, the simulation and creation of synthetic diary data is believed to be a viable alternative or supplement to collecting data. In this paper, a new methodology to simulate activity diaries was therefore developed and empirically tested. The presented approach shows several ways to store the sequential information (sequences of activities and travel) which is typically incorporated in an activity diary. The approach is novel, especially with respect to store information in "codebooks", a term which is introduced to reflect that the information which is kept, represents the combinations of activities that typically sequentially occur in a persons' diary. Based on this sequential information, sequential probability distributions were constructed in order to simulate new and real-world activity diaries. The diaries were generated by means of Monte Carlo simulation and the empirically derived sequential probability distributions were used as a constraint in the simulations. Sequential information which goes back in time up to several reported activities, is stored. In order to make a mature evaluation of the simulated diaries, different performance indicators were considered by using detailed pattern-, tripand activity-level analyses. It is shown in the paper that the results are satisfactory and that the initial framework developed in this paper holds out considerable promise for simulating activity diary data.


This paper presents the introduction of a low-cost/low-fare (LC/LF) concept in Brazil by Gol Airlines, beginning from January 2001. We show that some of the core LC/LF strategies of operations and management decisions put into action by North American and European carriers like Southwest and Jetblue, and Ryanair and easyjet, respectively, could be implemented by Gol in the beginning of its operations, while several others still cannot be implemented at all. Moreover, the paper analyzes the impacts and contributions that have resulted from the introduction of Gol Airlines and its Brazilian LC/LLF concept, while presenting and discussing the main issues within the crisis involving the major airlines of Brazil. The recently announced possible future merger between the two largest Brazilian carriers, VARIG and TAM, is addressed as a major adversary to the growth of Gol's operations and its desired expansion in the Brazilian air transport market. While discussing some of the possible outcomes of this merger to the Brazilian domestic market, we present some of the strategies already being implemented by the LC/LF carrier to counter this threat, plus another major step towards Gol's future growth: the go-ahead of the Brazilian government on the injection of capital from AIG, to buy 20% of the airline's shares in the first quarter of 2003.


One of the main evaluations in pork carcass is the lean meat ratio. A method based on Fiber optic sensor and NIR (Near Infrared) to acquire the ratio was put forward. This method acquired the reflected light intensity of the meat inside the pork carcass, by using double optical paths to reduce the errors caused by the instability of light. The fiber was lead into a probe which can be stabbed into the pork carcass, and then the reflected light was detected by a circuit named LIA (lock in amplifiers) to recognize the weak reflected light intensity effectively. The results suggested that the reflected light of the fat part of the pork was much higher than that of lean part, and through medium filter, the conditions of fluctuation was improved. The system was proved to be quick and accuracy for the detection of lean meat ration in pork carcass.


Abstract : This report contains a summary of rain erosion results obtained for high-purity slip-cast fused silica (SCFS) models on sleds at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. This effort, which was initiated to evaluate the rain erosion behavior of SCFS as a function of velocity and angle of incidence was completed with good correlation of results. The test were performed in artificial rain at average velocities between 1270 and 1740 m/sec (Mach 3.7 and 5.0). Right circular cone models having semivertex angles of 15, 19, 22.5, 25, 27.5, and 30 degrees were tested. A special test vehicle and sample design were utilized to avoid sled vibration-induced failures that are common to small samples of brittle ceramics at velocities near Mach 5. A unique feature of the sled test vehicle is its capability of testing seven cone frusta, thereby simulating actual radome fore body shapes. The sample design and special mounting technique resulted in obtaining correlatable erosion data which were free of spurious mass losses caused by sample fracture and edge effects. Because SCFS has low fracture toughness and relatively poor rain erosion resistance under severe conditions, other candidate ceramic and plastic radome materials were tested concurrently in the interest of finding a tougher structure. However only those results for SCFS are presented in this report.


Palabras clave: Derecho a la defensa, Derecho Procesal, Derecho penal, el debido proceso de ley. Abstract: This paper discusses the right of defense as a substantial thing for the parts involved in a penal law suit, also makes an analysis of the risk that represents apply it without cientific and procedural knowledge, becoming in which we might call the "boomerang effect" for each subject of law, therefore becomes very important define and understand what right to defense is, also its right regulation in sustantive and adjective right, its consubstantial relation with the


We investigated the role of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener pinacidil and blocker glibenclamide on guinea pig liver mitochondrial function, and a possible significance of pinacidil in the pharmacological treatment during myocardium dystrophy. First, a series of experiments was performed to determine the effect of pinacidil and glibenclamide on mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We found that pinacidil increased the rate of mitochondrial respiration for FAD-generated substrate (succinate oxidation), but was most effective for α-ketoglutarate oxidation with enhancement of respiratory control ratio. Oxidation of FAD-generated substrate inhibited efficiency of phosphorylation for α-ketoglutarate oxidation in pinacidil-treated animals. Glibenclamide decreased the rate of respiration with the lowest value of efficiency of phosphorylation, especially for α-ketoglutarate oxidation. A second series of experiments was performed to determine the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on oxidative phosphorylation during adrenaline-induced myocardium dystrophy. The increase in respiratory control ratio and efficiency of phosphorylation for α-ketoglutarate oxidation was greater than for succinate oxidation in mitochondria of pinacidil-pretreated animals during myocardium dystrophy. Inhibitory analysis with malonate suggested that endogenous succinate increased oxidation of NADH-generated substrates in mitochondria. Pinacidil is mainly involved in the adrenaline-induced alterations of mitochondrial function due to elevation of phosphorylation efficiency for α-ketoglutarate oxidation and a decreased level of lipid peroxidation.


Xi clan has always been an important nationality in northern China,which is heterogeneous and kindred with Khitan.In order to solve the problem of geographic distribution of Xi clan in Liao Dynasty,with research methods of historical geography,this article emphatically elaborates the geographic distribution of Xi clan in Liao Dynasty from two aspects:various departments of Xi Wang Fu Palace's jurisdiction and seven departments of Liao Dynasty's direct control,further expounding dynamically the process of evolution,migration and integration of Xi clan.This article has some reference value and significance for the research on northeast historical national geography.


The LU factorization (LUF) algorithm is an important kernel used in many Linear Algebra applications such as the resolution of systems of linear equations, the inversion of square matrices and the computation of matrix eigenvalues. It is also used in the LINPACK benchmark for ranking the Top 500 most powerful supercomputers. We propose in this paper a parallel recursive algorithm for LUF based on the 'Divide and Conquer' paradigm. A theoretical performance study permits to establish an accurate comparison between the designed algorithm and the PBLAS library. We achieved a series of experiments that permits to validate the contribution and lead to efficient performances obtained for large sized matrices i.e. up to 40% faster than SCALAPACK.


Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics and variation of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Wuhua county.Methods The stool samples of HFMD cases in sentinel surveillance hospitals were collected in Wuhua county from 2010 to 2012.The total EV,EV71 and CoxA16 nucleic acid were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The 125 stool samples were collected,115 cases were positive for EV with the positive rate of75.66%.The difference of EV positive rates between different year were not statistically significant(P0.05).The positive rates of EV71,CoxA16 and other enterovirus were 23.03%,18.42% and 34.21%,respectively,showing statistically significant difference(P0.01).The epidemic strain was EV71 in 2010,and other enterovirus was epidemic in 2011 and 2012,there were not statistically significant difference between different gender and different age(P 0.05).EV71,CoxA16 and other enteroviruses alternately change throughout the year.Conclusion The epidemic strain of HFMD had dynamically changed in Wuhua county.The etiological surveillance of HFMD be strengthened,for grasping the prevalent rule of strain and making control and preventive measures.


This study investigates how youth from two cities in the United States engage in critical data practices as they learn about and take action in their lives and communities in relation to COVID-19 and its intersections with justice-related concerns. Guided by theories of critical data literacies and data justice, a historicized and future-oriented participatory methodological approach is used to center the lived lives and communities of participants through dialogic interviews and experience sampling method. Data were co-analyzed with participants using critical grounded theory. Findings illustrate how youth not only aimed to reveal the dynamic and human aspects of and relationships with data as they engage with/in the world as people who matter but also offered alternative infrastructures for counter data production and aggregation toward justice in the here and now and desired possible futures. Implications for studies of learning with/through data practices in everyday life in relation to issues of justice are discussed.


Seven rib-eye rolls, lip on (112A), were each cut into eight 2.54 centimeter thick steaks starting from the blade end. Steaks were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups; 1) round versus square cores using Instron [inst1], 2) round versus square cores using WarnerBratzler [inst2], 3) Instron versus Warner-Bratzler using round cores [rdsq1], and 4) Instron versus WarnerBratzler using square cores [rdsq2]. Subsequently, steaks from each group were broiled in a General Electric industrial broiler grill to an internal temperature of 63 §C. Steaks were held overnight at 2 §C. Two steaks from each rib were placed into each instrument/core treatment group. Steaks were then divided into three sections identified as: a) lateral, b) medial, and c) central. Three 1.27 centimeter cores from each section were taken from each steak for a total of nine cores per steak and sheared once through the center. The results indicated that there was a significant difference ( p> .05) between round and square cores for both WarnerBratzler and Instron. In all mean groups tested, square cores had higher shear values than did round cores. There was no indication of differences between instruments, and no significant interactions between instruments and core types.


Sweet cassava from the Cook Islands was washed, peeled, and hammer milled. It was spread on metal trays to a thickness of about 2 mm and kept in an enclosed transparent tunnel for 6 h in the sun to encourage endogenous linamarase activity. The end covers were removed and normal solar tunnel drying continued for 2 to 3 days or until quite dry. The temperature of the cassava pulp, the relative humidity in the tunnel, and weight of the cassava pulp were measured at regular intervals. It was found that the temperature of the cassava pulp and relative humidity in the enclosed tunnel rose rapidly to a level that caused the maximum level of linamarase activity. At the end of the 6-h period of fermentation, the total cyanide levels had reduced to well below the 10 ppm on a dry matter basis as recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for food applications of cassava. Solar drying was continued until the moisture content in the product reached a safe level for storage.


Paraphrasing is an important task demonstrating the ability to abstract semantic content from its surface form. Recent literature on automatic paraphrasing is dominated by methods leveraging machine translation as an intermediate step. This contrasts with humans, who can paraphrase without necessarily being bilingual. This work proposes to learn paraphrasing models only from a monolingual corpus. To that end, we propose a residual variant of vector-quantized variational auto-encoder. Our experiments consider paraphrase identification, and paraphrasing for training set augmentation, comparing to supervised and unsupervised translation-based approaches. Monolingual paraphrasing is shown to outperform unsupervised translation in all contexts. The comparison with supervised MT is more mixed: monolingual paraphrasing is interesting for identification and augmentation but supervised MT is superior for generation.


Abstarct We investigated the DNA ploidy patten in thirteen primary and four recurrent rhabdomyosarcomas of teh head and neck from thirteen adult patients and conrrelated the findings with other clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome. Twelve (92.7 per cent) of the primary neoplasms manifested an aneuploid DNA pattern. All recurrent lesions were DNA aneuploid with DNA indices (DIs) Corresponding to their primary neoplasms. No correlation beteween the ploidy pattern and histological subtypes, tumours location, clinical stage and patient's clinical course was found. In this study, only two patients were long-term, survivors. Both patients had stage I neoplasms that were located in non-parameninigeal sites which manifested an alvellar histological pattern. Our data indicate that adult rhabdoyosarcomas of adult and neck are preponderantly DNA aneuploid and are highly aggressive malignant neoplasms. Our results alson suggest that tumours which are low stage and in a non-parameningeal location may pursue a less aggressive course.


The article presents a method for the automated calculation of the magnitude of the efforts in the means of securing cargo fixed to the rolling stock in accordance with the Technical Conditions for Stowing and Securing Cargo in Wagons and Containers - a regulatory document of JSC Russian Railways (hereinafter referred to as TU). The method provides for all possible factors of the influence of the forces acting on the transported cargo as a result of its movement from the point of loading to the point of unloading, including the necessary technological operations performed along the route, using the example of a cargo with a flat base using the capabilities of the computing environment. The obtained research results are supposed to be used by shippers in the development of the optimal method for placing and securing transported goods on the rolling stock. The automated calculation method will allow obtaining the predicted value of the cargo shift value both along and across the car from the total effect of longitudinal, transverse and vertical forces acting on the cargo along the way. These values make it possible to optimally determine the place of installation of thrust bars on the car floor, depending on the geometric parameters of the transported cargo and the chosen method of fastening it to the rolling stock.


The spatial representation of the temperature and rainfall regimes are of great importance and usefulness when you want to analyze the climatic behavior of a given region; for this reason, the present investigation has as objective the development of a program that allows to perform said tasks. Data of the average temperature of the air from the meteorological stations belonging to the provinces of Granma, Santiago de Cuba, Guantanamo and Holguin were used, as well as the rainfall information of the latter province; while the interpolation method of the inverse of the distance squared was used. This work allowed obtaining a climatic characterization of the province of Holguin with respect to the aforementioned meteorological variables and being applicable in any geographic region.


Constrained classical trajectory calculations were carried out to investigate intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR), cis–trans isomerization, and rotation–vibration interactions in HONO. Relaxation of the OH bond stretching mode, initially excited to the second overtone state, was monitored by using a local‐mode approximation. In order to determine the roles of the various modes in the IVR and cis–trans isomerization, the dihedral, HON bending, or ONO bending angle was dynamically constrained by incorporating Lagrangian multipliers into Hamilton's equations of motion. The results show that the in‐plane HON bending and out‐of‐plane torsional motions play important roles in the IVR. A strong interaction between the torsional and HON bending modes is a major factor in causing cis‐HONO to isomerize at significantly greater rates than trans‐HONO. Molecular rotation significantly enhances IVR, however, it has little effect when the torsional coordinate is frozen at its equilibrium value.


Recent research suggested that taking a high‐fat diet (HFD) may lead to a gut microbiota imbalance and colon tissue damage. This would lead to increased intestinal permeability and consequent constant circulation of low‐grade inflammatory cytokines. Spirulina platensis can protect against HFD‐induced metabolic inflammation and can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in in vitro stool cultures. However, it is unknown whether this beneficial effect acts on intestinal tissues. In this study, rats were fed a high‐fat diet fed with 3% S platensis for 14 weeks. We analysed endotoxin, the composition of the microbiota, inflammation and gut permeability. We found that S platensis decreased the bodyweight and visceral fat pads weight of the HFD‐fed rats. In addition, it lowered the levels of lipopolysaccharide and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in serum. Our results showed that S platensis could largely reduce the relative amount of Proteobacteria and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in faecal samples from HFD‐fed rats. S platensis significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, as shown by decreased expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF‐κB (p65) and inflammatory cytokines. S platensis also ameliorated the increased permeability and decreased expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal mucosa, such as ZO‐1, Occludin and Claudin‐1. Therefore, in HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis rats, S platensis benefits health by inhibiting chronic inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and modulating gut permeability.


Marketing is the most important aspect in the development process. This is obviously due to the fact that development basically means larger size productive activities in the economy. But we cannot have more of production unless the goods produced are actually sold out and selling depends on the proper marketing conditions. The importance of this study is to producers and to all actors in the marketing system. In order to reduce the price fluctuations of agricultural commodity there is need to have a thorough understanding of the price behaviour over a time. The knowledge on the interrelations between the arrival and prices of farm product is required for assessing the extent of price fluctuations over a time. Price behaviour studies helps in understanding the month-to-month variations in arrival and prices to the farmers to make decision about, when to sell their produce so as to earn more profit. It is observed that seasonal price fluctuation mostly follow from poor storage facility and inadequate market information.


As a computing paradigm that combines temporal and spatial computations, dynamic reconfigurable computing provides superiorities of flexibility, energy efficiency and area efficiency, attracting interest from both academia and industry. However, dynamic reconfigurable computing is not yet mature because of several unsolved problems. This work introduces the concept, architecture, and compilation techniques of dynamic reconfigurable computing. It also discusses the existing major challenges and points out its potential applications.


Vascular dementia (VD) trends to occur in the elderly population, and cerebral hypoxic ischemic hypoperfusion caused by all kinds of cerebrovascular accident is the main cause of the disease. Small artery that is in hypoperfusion state for a long time causes local brain neuron necrosis and patients gradually develop cognitive dysfunction[1]. Current treatment of VD mainly relies on drugs such as memantine, Aricept and so on, they can inhibit VD progress but their role in reversing patients' cognitive function is very small. Hyperbaric oxygen is a new way that is currently recommended for treatment of patients with VD, and it mainly increases blood oxygen level to increases partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue and promotes reversibly hypoxic brain tissue function recovery[2]. In the research, the effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with memantine and Aricept treatment of senile vascular dementia on serum indicators and endothelial function was mainly analyzed, hereby reported as follows.


To the Editor: —To supplement and confirm Dr. Bissell's letter in the August 18 issue ofThe Journal, regarding second attacks of poliomyelitis, a detailed histopathological report of the central nervous system in his case will be found in a paper by Faber and Silverberg in the Journal of Experimental Medicine for April 1, 1946 (Vol. 83, pp. 339-340, case 8). We also recovered poliomyelitis virus from a sample of the cord. The material had been submitted to us by Dr. Frederick Proescher of Santa Clara, who performed the autopsy. We regret that at the time we prepared our manuscript we had not been informed of Dr. Bissell's interest in the case, and for this reason failed to give him proper credit.


Objective To assess binocular visual function after combined implantation of toric and multifocal or monofocal intraocular lenses in unilateral astigmatism cataract patients. Methods This was a prospective case control study. A total of thirty unilateral astigmatism patients undergoing phacoemulsification were recruited. AcrySof Toric IOL were implanted in the astigmatic eye of patients, with ReSTOR (15 eyes) or AcrySof IQ (15 eyes) in the contralateral eye. Six months postoperatively, patients were assessed for visual acuity (5.0 m, 60.0 cm, 40.0 cm), contrast sensitivity, amplitude of accommodation, and stereoacuity. Patients were surveyed for visual disturbances and lifestyle visual quality. Data were analyzed with a paired t test, an independent samples t test, or chi-square test. Results At 6 months postoperatively, for Toric-ReSTOR patients, uncorrected binocular logMAR visual acuity at 5.0 m, 60.0 cm, 40.0 cm was 0.05±0.05, 0.24±0.10, and 0.14±0.06, respectively. For Toric-AcrySof IQ patients, uncorrected binocular logMAR visual acuity was 0.06±0.07, 0.26±0.08, and 0.37 ±0.10, respectively. These values between the two group did not achieve significant differences except for near visual acuity (t=5.476, P=0.000). The contrast sensitivity for ReSTOR eyes was lower at 18 cpd under photopic and photopic glare circumstance than for the AcrySof IQ eyes (0.30 ± 0.37 versus 0.94 ±0.58, t=3.476, P=0.001; 0.34 ± 0.44 versus 0.88 ±0.52, t =2.975, P= 0.006). And was lower at 12 cpd under scotopic and scotopic glare circumstance than for the AcrySof IQ eyes (0.05±0.22 versus 0.50±0.61, t=3.057, P=0.005; 0.05±0.22 versus 0.59±0.75, t=3.154, P=0.004). The amplitude curve of accommodation in Toric-ReSTOR patients had two wave peak (0 and-2.5 D), but only one (0 D) in Toric-AcrySof IQ patients. The stereopsis of Toric-ReSTOR eyes decreased slightly (53% versus 73%, x2=1.262, P=0.263). Patient satisfaction for mean near vision was significantly different: 80% for Toric-ReSTOR patients versus 26% for Toric-AcrySof IQ patients (x2=8.571, P=0.003). There were no visual symptoms in either group. Conclusion Although a combination of toric and mutifocal intraocular lens implantation compromises stereoacuity, it can still provide patients with high levels of spectacle freedom and good overall binocular visual acuity.

Key words:
Lenses, intraocular, toric;  Lenses, intraocular,multifocal;  Contrast sensitivity;  Accomodation, ocular;  Questionnaire


Earth crust and sedimentary cover structure along the section was studied; especially Riphean and Vendian-paleozoic structural and formational complex. Riphean complex spatial location was established. Angaro-Kotuysky graben-rift of Riphean age was revealed in the central part of Kurejskaya syneclise. The zones of terrigenous deposits were revealed in Vendian complex basis and the relationships ones with Prieniseysky megadepression, west edge Kurejskaya syneclise and Angaro-Kotuysky graben-rift was established. And recommendations on boring two parametric wells were made.


The religious zealot has been described as possessing, among others, a "desire to expand the scope, detail and strictness of religious law." Such figures, then, assume for themselves the role of chief guardians of religious law against any challenges to its validity as God's word and to the basic legal principles upon which it rests. Despite claiming to display ideal religious behavior, however, in practice the goals of religious zealots do not always go hand in hand with the accepted juridical principles of their own faith traditions. Those who tend to claim a monopoly on divine truth often focus on achieving their present agendas at all costs. Indeed, this tendency will sometimes find expression in particularly strict interpretations and rulings. Yet religious law is predicated upon a canon that demands adherence to rules and procedures that may not necessarily be sympathetic to the particular aims of even the most seemingly loyal zealot. Much has been written on how liberal theologians reinterpret texts and traditions in order to achieve their religious vision. But how do religious zealots who claim to be defending the authentic law deal with situations in which their agenda is not supported by accepted legalistic thinking? Reinterpretation is a particularly "slippery slope" for the religious enthusiast. For such an approach can compromise the overall aim of upholding and strengthening religious law. What are the options, then, available to the religious zealot for navigating this tension? The following examination seeks to achieve a clearer appreciation for the dynamic at work and the methods and strategies that may be employed in such cases, by analyzing an individual who achieved prominence both as a religious zealot and as a religio‐legal authority.


Every year, thousands of undocumented Mexican workers enter the United States. Their presence, together with the settlement of undocumented and legal immigrants from many other countries, constitutes the source of one of the most persistent ideological conflicts in American history: the conflict over immigrants' rights. Official discourses in many cases identify being Hispanic with poor performance at school, drug abuse, poverty and violence. However, aside from mainstream images of who immigrants are, little research has been done on the identity that immigrants themselves build and project, and on the processes that affect the formation of such identity. In this article I investigate identity through discourse analysis, looking specifically at linguistic strategies used by a group of undocumented Mexican immigrants to identify characters in storytelling. I argue that immigrants use ethnic identity as a central identification category for self and others in their stories, showing that ethnic mentions are widespread in story orientations, and that they exhibit different degrees and types of relevance depending on their relationship with the interactional context and/or the story world. Ethnic mentions are used in stories to affirm certain characteristics of one's own identity and of the identity of others via the presentation and evaluation of behaviors. In argumentative stories disputable behaviors are openly attributed to out groups, and so these stories help speakers to build images of who they are and how they stand in relation to others. In stories of personal experience, the connections between identities and behaviors are implicit, but they still respond to socially established expectations. Thus, individual stories also contribute to build those expectations about how belonging to certain ethnic groups may affect action in particular domains of life. The pervasiveness of ethnic identification in immigrant stories cannot be understood without resorting to wider social processes that frame the immigration experience of undocumented Mexican workers. In this case, I stress the importance of the pressure that the ideology of race and ethnicity, enacted through public discourse at all levels, exerts on every individual in American society.


the amount of crimes of tax revenue has important significance.According to the character of the amount, the amount of crimes of tax revenue can be divided into the amount evading taxes,the amount of refusing to pay taxes,the amount of gaining taxes by cheating,the amount of dodging taxes,the amount of making a false invoice and the amount of bill; According to whether amount can be realized,it can be divided into the amount of committing crimes and that of profits obtained by committing crimes; according to influence of amount on conviction and measurement of penalty of committing crimes, it can be divided into the neutral amounts and nonneutral amounts; according to the number of conducts subordinate to the amounts, it can be divided into single amount and amount of accumulative total.


The new-type industrialization is both an unprecedented great enterprise and a complicated and difficult systems engineering.In the process of realizing the new industrialization,we must get rid of the restraint of the traditional idea of industrialization and the established concepts.The brand-new idea for economic development consists of the integrated thought,the consistent thought and the distinctive thought.


By using soil sterilization,this paper studied the effects of biotic factors on the growth and development of three years continuously cropped pepper and its active oxygen scavenging enzyme activities,and approached the effects of soil sterilization on preventing continuous pepper cropping obstacles.The results showed that the pepper plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,chlorophyll content,fresh weight of aboveground part and roots,and root vigor were higher in sterilized than in non-sterilized treatment,while the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were declined,which indicated that soil sterilization improved plant haleness,but reduced the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes.Compared with monoculture soil treatment,the haleness of pepper plant was significantly poorer,and the activities of SOD and POD were higher.It was possible that soil sterilization could effectively overcome the barrier caused by harmful microbes,but not hurdle the barrier caused by allelochemicals.


Introduction This paper looks at the possible evolutionary paths that the current printed scholarly monograph may take, paying particular attention to the ways in which technical, economic, and cultural factors may shape this evolution. It does not predict the demise of today's printed scholarly monograph, but suggests that it will coexist with a series of successors that will offer new points of balance among technical and economic constraints and opportunities and that will provide authors with new ways in which to communicate their research. For some works and purposes, the new forms will be superior; in other cases, the traditional printed monograph will likely remain the preferred form.


We study the relationship between parental job loss and children's academic achievement using data on job loss and grade retention from the 1996, 2001, and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We find that a parental job loss increases the probability of children's grade retention by roughly one percentage point, or 17 percent. After conditioning on child fixed effects, there is no evidence of increased grade retention prior to the job loss, suggesting a causal link between the parental employment shock and children's academic difficulties. These effects are concentrated among children whose parents have a high school education or less. No systematic pattern of effects is found with respect to pre-displacement parental income or wealth. Outstanding research assistance on this project was provided by Jeremy Moulton. Thanks to participants in the UCLA labor seminar for helpful comments. Correspondence to email@example.com.


ZAMMAR, Alexandre. Feasibility study of the existence of technology transfer from deployment to an industrial and logistics center customs in the city of Ponta Grossa Pr. 2013. 115f. Dissertation (Master in Production Engineering) – Post Graduation Program in Production Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná. Ponta Grossa, 2013. The Customs Industrial and Logistics Centre is a logistics platform which will bring together everything that concerns the logistics efficiency, plus a bonded area, it is a neutral zone. This will enable companies installed there to import their raw materials, and produce, the fees will be paid only when products are sold, whether import to the domestic market, whether for export to foreign markets. This model will allow a breath of very large box that companies today do not have this structure and are not rewarded with the special regimes. Similar structures are present through the world, but differ in their specificity. In the literature review addressed the styles of platforms found through the world, and in any case it was realized some initiative similar to this study, proposed that the interaction of the Government-University-Industry, through the transfer of technology in this endeavor. The study was based on the perception of managers of foreign trade enterprises participating in the research. Then it was possible to know the difficulties perceived by managers and their desire for change in the way to get more competitive market at the time of its production. These managers were even willing to participate in a collaborative governance to transfer technology and form a cluster strengthened by vertical house competitors who require differentiation and competitiveness in their fields of expertise. Were appointed four mechanisms for technology transfer as more important. At the end, we proposed a framework.


Electron-beam lithography is promising for future manufacturing technology because it does not suffer from wavelength limits set by light sources. Since single electron-beam lithography systems have a common problem in throughput, a multi-electron-beam lithography (MEBL) system should be a feasible alternative using the concept of massive parallelism. In this paper, we evaluate the advantages and the disadvantages of different MEBL system architectures, and propose our novel Massively Parallel MaskLess Lithography System, MPML2. MPML2 system is targeting for cost-effective manufacturing at the 32nm node and beyond. The key structure of the proposed system is its beamlet array cells (BACs). Hundreds of BACs are uniformly arranged over the whole wafer area in the proposed system. Each BAC has a data processor and an array of beamlets, and each beamlet consists of an electron-beam source, a source controller, a set of electron lenses, a blanker, a deflector, and an electron detector. These essential parts of beamlets are integrated using MEMS technology, which increases the density of beamlets and reduces the system cost. The data processor in the BAC processes layout information coming off-chamber and dispatches them to the corresponding beamlet to control its ON/OFF status. High manufacturing cost of masks is saved in maskless lithography systems, however, immense mask data are needed to be handled and transmitted. Therefore, data compression technique is applied to reduce required transmission bandwidth. The compression algorithm is fast and efficient so that the real-time decoder can be implemented on-chip. Consequently, the proposed MPML2 can achieve 10 wafers per hour (WPH) throughput for 300mm-wafer systems.


Abstract Over the years, several methods for delivering fixed lingual retainers have been introduced. However, the accurate and passive placement of the retainer in any clinical situation has always been a matter of concern. This article presents a precise method for placement of a fixed retainer using resin tubes formed from commercially available molds. This method ensures accurate, passive placement of fixed retainer in any clinical situation. Additionally, the same technique can be used for correction of minor crowding relapse by placing an active lingual retainer.


A 57-year-old obese man presented to our medical centre with abdominal pain for 12 hours. The pain was severe, diffuse, crampy in nature, marked in the lower left abdomen, non-radiating and aggravated after eating and drinking. It was associated with diaphoresis and one episode of non-bloody, non


Through statements by the artists, Luckyj examines the objectives of Prince's sculptures, Prent's working methods, and the shifts of approach in Whiten's cast figures. Biographical notes. 18 bibl.ref.


Through the experiments on the compressive strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) after high temperature,the influence of temperature,fiber and concrete matrix strength grade on the compressive strength of concrete after high temperature was systematically analyzed.The results show that the falling-range of the compressive strength and compressive strength ratio after high temperature to room temperature of HFRC are less under 400℃ but apparently after 400℃.Steel fiber(1% fiber volume ratio) and polypropylene fiber(0.1% fiber volume ratio) can improve the compressive strength of concrete after high temperature in different degree.Based on the experiments,the calculation models of the cubic compressive strength and axial compressive strength of HFRC after high temperature are put forward respectively,in which the combined effects of temperature,steel fiber and polypropylene fiber on the models are considered.The results offer the method to fire-resistant design and the maintenance after fire for the HFRC structure.


At this study, at Turkish Public Goverment the history and purpose of municipal, the municipality system which applying in Turkey had been researched with outlines from establishment of Ottoman Empire (1299) to up to now.
At Ottoman city system, at municipality services Subasi, Muhtesip, Kocabasi, Sir of Istanbul and Imams were authorized but then this system had been changed since 1854 and western sense municipal understanding had started. France had been taked as an example and modern municipal had started. Paris municipal system had been copied one to one and Istanbul municipality system had been established. At Republic period had been maintained as the same at and had kept property of being the main focus of local goverments.
At the first part of thesis study, municipality institution as theoretically, municipality departments and its missions were handled. At the second part of study, the taken steps at municipal area were researched which from establishment of Ottoman Empire to 1980 and including establishment period of Turkish Republic. At the third part of study, the regulations of municipal were studied which from 1980 to up to now.
At conclusion of this study, at Turkish Public Goverment it had been understood that municipality institution mainly was affected by western (between 1850 and 1900 France, after 1980's membership of EU) and with reference to in accordance with the public and democratic principles, the municipalities, which the main power of local goverments, have been maintainining its importance at Turkish Public Goverment.


The utilization of energy contributes substantially to environmental pollution. Increasing environmental degradation calls for quick decisions in the field of energy and environmental planning, which anyhow are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Major investments in this field are necessary to cope with the challenging environmental targets and to provide suffcient affordable and reliable energy for a growing population in an environmentally compatible way. In the early eighties IER at the University of Stuttgart started the development of the MESAP system, the Microcomputer based Energy Sector Analysis and Planning system. The main objective was to improve the planning capabilities of existing models by integrating modern information management tools with the existing operations research methodologies.


The Doppler‐free laser polarization spectrum of the B1Π −X1∑+ transition of 23Na39K was measured, and the molecular constants of the B1Π state of v=0∼16 were determined. The perturbation between the B1Π(v=8) and the c3∑+(v=22) levels at small J were studied in detail. By comparing the observed line intensities of the B1Π(v=16, J=14) −X1∑+(v'=0∼50, J=13 and 15) transition with the calculated Franck–Condon factors, the dependence of the transition dipole moment on the internuclear distance was determined. Absolute vibrational numbering of the c3∑+ state was done by comparing the calculated Franck–Condon factors with the observed line intensities of the c3∑+ −a3∑+ transition.


This study was undertaken as an extension of two previous reports on the problem of non-sporulating, anaerobic bacilli; namely, that of Thompson and Beaver, (1931, 1932) and that of Beaver, Henthorne, and Macy (1934). The object of this research was the investigation of the morphologic, biologic, and agglutinative properties of several Gram-negative species of nonsporulating anaerobic bacilli; and a comparison of these species with each other and with the other anaerobes encountered, to demonstrate, if possible, the generic relationships of any or all strains.


In this paper the molecular connectivity index of valence energy level is
defined as \+f\%E\%=(\%m\%\-i\%m\%\-j)\+\{-0.5\}, and \%m\% is an energy level value of valence
electron in atom. Among them the formulas of zero, first topological index are
\+0\%E\%=(\%m\%\-i)\+\{-0.5\}, \+1\%E\%=(\%m\%\-i\%m\%\-j)\+\{-0.5\} respectively. \+0\%E\% and
\+1\%E\% have highly correlativity for total bond energies, lattice energies, standard enthalpies
of formation of the compounds and pKa of the nonmetal hydrides. Their linear regression
equations are proposed as follow:\%E\%=-48.0095+1402.9463\+1\%E\%,\%r\%=0.9474,
\%U\%=-328.0770+1541.9351\+1\%E\%,
\%r\%=\{0.9801\},-fH\%\-m=-266.9299+1324.6461\+1\%E\%, \%r\%=0.9509, p\%K\%a=-20.9723+28.
1756\+1\%E\%, \%r\%=\{0.98884,\} p\%K\%a=-14.6102-7.835\+0\%E\%+40.6461\+1\%E\%,
\%R\%=0.9933. \%m\% and \+f\%E\% have been demonstrated that the method possesses the
advantage of easy computation and clear physical significance. The predicting results by
\+0\%E\% and \+1\%E\% are also satisfactory.\;\;


In view of the problems in Colombia regarding the lack of resources to promote governmental school feeding programs for underprivileged children, it is pertinent to develop strategies that are viable at the organizational level for the strengthening of plans focused on serving the community in general and Especially in the fight against poverty, where minors are most affected. In terms of strategic objectives, it should be mentioned that the demand for a product or service produced in a responsible manner is enhanced by the benefits they leave not only to the organization or company, but also to third parties, which in the specific case of Study are represented in the inclusion of social, cultural and environmental criteria that favor the development of a community.


Position tracking control of a link of a slave manipulator which needed to track the corresponding link of a master manipulator was addressed in this paper. Since driving torque from motor is transmitted through a set of flexible cable to link, the motion control system is modeled by a two-mass model connected with elastic coupling which has finite stiffness. Relative vibration of two-mass resonant system is a serious problem to operate manipulator. This paper proposed sliding mode control to reduce resonant vibration and fine position tracking control. Also, a pseudo-sliding mode control which uses a saturation function instead of a signum function was discussed and showed that the pseudo-sliding mode control can improve disturbance regulation performance as well as guarantees fine command tracking without chattering which is an inherent drawback of basic sliding mode control. In addition, a disturbance observer based sliding mode control has been suggested to improve disturbance regulation performance. The feasibility of the proposed control design was verified along with some simulation results.


Records of the Historian,the first historical book in China,which has accumulated abundant successful experience in recording the historical changes,reflecting the social realities,describing figure apperances and so on.Deeply influenced by Records of the Historian,Liaozhai zhiyi became the representative works of the greatest achievement of Chinese ancient classical short novels.This article planned to further study the influence between them from writing spirit the writing thoughts,the thought conotation about the works,the arting technics.And to search for the Record of the Historian's enlightenment to Liaozhai.Thereupon,the article Summarized the fine tradition of our long Chinese classical novels.


Eight cation radical salts of tetrathiotetracene
(TTT) with a series of 2-alkoxytetracyanoallyl anions (RO-TCA−; R = Me, Et, Prn, Bun) were prepared by electrocrystallisation. All of them were non-magnetic semiconductors. Seven crystal structures were determined. The physical and structural aspects of the salts were well categorised by their stoichiometries of donor to anion, 3 ∶ 2, 1 ∶ 1 and 1 ∶ 2. The 1 ∶ 2 salts had alternating stacks of dication of TTT and anion molecules, which is uncommon for TTT salts. Molecular structures were also studied by PM3 and RHF/6-31G* calculations. One of the fascinating features of RO-TCAs
is their structural flexibility, which gives rise to multiple stoichiometries with varied physical properties.


This thesis investigates the influence of meteorological conditions and oceanic emissions on atmospheric halocarbons (VSLS) abundances above the oceans and their transport into the free troposphere during three ship campaigns in different oceanic and atmospheric regimes. Meteorological data were measured from ships sensors and by radiosonde launches from the ships during each campaign to investigate atmospheric conditions near the surface, in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and in the free troposphere. VSLS were regularly sampled in the surface water and in the marine atmosphere during the cruises.
The upwelling regions along the Mauritanian and Peruvian coasts were identified to be medium source regions for atmospheric bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide. Elevated atmospheric mixing ratios of these compounds were found towards the coasts especially above the oceanic upwelling in both regions. Meteorological factors, in particular the MABL characteristics, were identified to impact the atmospheric VSLS mixing ratios and the oceanic emissions significantly. Depending on the height and stability of the MABL as well as the trade inversion, VSLS from oceanic emissions led to an accumulation within the lowermost atmosphere. The resulting low concentration gradients dampened the oceanic emissions and led to minor variations of the marine atmospheric abundances. Within convective activity they could be lifted to the upper troposphere and tropopause. On the opposite, VSLS abundances at the surface and in the MABL were relatively low at coastal regions of the South China and Sulu Seas, despite the high elevated oceanic concentrations and emissions in this area. Here, a convective instable MABL and deep tropical convection led to a rapid exchange of surface air to the free troposphere and a fast distribution of oceanic emissions within the free troposphere. The rapid vertical transport was identified to explain the observed low MABL VSLS mixing ratios.


A 16-month prospective, descriptive study was conducted on pneumococcal serotype distribution isolated from children with acute otitis media (AOM) and invasive infections (INV). Eighty-nine children with pneumococcal INV and 324 with a first episode of AOM were included. Bacterial pathogens (N = 326) were isolated from the middle-ear fluid of 250 patients. A total of 30 pneumococcal serotypes were identified. Prevalent serotypes were 14, 19A, 9V, 3, 19F, 6A, 23F, and 18C in AOM and 14, 1, 19A, 5, 12F, 6B, and 18C in INV. Potential coverage with PCV10 vaccine would be 46.5 % and 60.7 % for pneumococci involved in AOM and INV, respectively; it would be 71.7 % and 73 % with PCV13. PCV10, conjugated with a Haemophilus protein, would have an immunologic coverage of 39.9 % for AOM vs. 18.5 % with PCV13. However, differences in the prevention of INV were crucial for the decision to include the 13-valent vaccine in the national calendar for children less than two years old in Argentina.


In this chapter we present a case study set in Beloi, a fishing village located on Atauro Island, 30 km across the sea from Dili, capital of Timor-Leste (East-Timor). We explore the tension between tourism development, food security and marine conservation in a developing country context. In order to better understand the relationships between the social, ecological and economic issues that arise in tourism planning we use an approach and associated methodology based on storytelling, complexity theory and concept mapping. Through testing scenarios with this methodology we hope to evaluate which trade-offs are acceptable to local people in return for the hoped-for economic boost from increased tourist visitation and associated developments.


textabstractIn 1993, the Clinton administration launched the National Performance Review [NPR], a large-scale effort to create a more entrepreneurial government that ?works better and costs less?. The NPR relied heavily on the input and effort of federal civil servants. Although the rationale for the reduction was formulated in terms of performance improvement, it was as much driven by the goal of cost cutting. A similar effort took place in The Netherlands with the ?Grote Efficiency Operatie? [Operation Efficiency]. During the 1980?s, the Dutch government established six so-called ?major operations? to improve its performance and reduce costs. The history, targets, procedure and organization as well as results of both countries? efforts are analyzed. Comparison of the NPR and the GEO entails certain risks but yields insights that contribute to an understanding of efforts at public sector reform which transcends particular national contexts. Both operations began as efforts to improve efficiency but quickly became focused on personnel reduction.


The Lewis-acid catalyzed isomerization of secondary and tertiary amide-substituted oxetanes takes place chemoselectively, giving 5-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines and reactive amide acetals consisting of a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane skeleton, respectively.


English The frequency of cosmetic surgery has increased substantially the last few decades and psychological studies have increased accordingly. However, a lot can be added to the limited literature available. The aim of the study was to examine the attitudes towards cosmetic surgery among Icelanders with regard to the participants' backgrounds, but the study is the first of its kind to be conducted on an Icelandic sample. The study was cross-sectional where a questionnaire was distributed through Facebook to a convenience sample. Results supported the three dimensions of attitudes towards cosmetic surgery, which adds to the cross-cultural validity of Henderson-King and Brooks' ACSS scale. Results showed that attitudes towards cosmetic research differed by age and gender, but no significant age differences were detected. Results also indicated that stereotypes have a substantial effect on people's desire to undergo cosmetic surgery and that most individuals who do undergo cosmetic surgery experience increased well-being after the surgery.


The Management Committee of the Culture and Tourism Park of the Longmen(The Original Name is the Longmen Scenic Area Authority of the Conservation Area of the Longmen Grottoes) used four pictures from Photographer Zhang Xiao-li and didn't get the photographer's permission when the authority advertised the topic of "visiting Longmen at night" in the "Dahe",so that the photographer charged the Longmen Grottoes and "Dahe"with infringement and required for compensation.The Longmen Scenic Area Authority of the Conservation Area of the Longmen Grottoes counterclaimed the photographer's infringement because the photographer violated Cultural Relics Protection Law and the court turned down the counterclaim.Thinking it over calmly after the case,the photographer's shooting was based on the Longmen Grottoes' repairing and arranging night scene,without the idea of "visiting Longmen at night" and the design and scenery of light,the photographer could not have taken the pictures in the case.The manager of the Longmen Grottoes should possess a kind of right-Copyright of Scenic Spots.


Techniques:pUC18supercoilsequencing,unidirectionaldeletionsubcloningandcompletedideoxysequencingof both strands.Methodof Identification:Comparison of translated nucleotide sequence to amino terminalandtryptic peptide aminoacid sequencesdetermined by micro-sequence analysis of homogeneous glutathione S-transferasepurified from cell-suspension cultures of S. cucubalus. Thesesequencesare underlined in Figure 1. Theaminoacid sequencefrom which the screening oligonucleotide wasdesigned is addi-tionallyunderlinedwithadashedline. Molecularmassofdeducedpolypeptideis in agreementwiththatestimatedfrom


The diagnostic criteria for GDM continue to be debated. The arguments presented here may help to dissipate confusion and help build global consensus.


The city of Yamoussoukro has several abandoned green spaces that have been gradually nibbled away by city dwellers. The aim of the study carried out in this city was to evaluate the diversity of plant species present in these abandoned green spaces and to measure their carbon stock. To do this, a floristic inventory was carried out based on the surface survey plus the roving survey. The diameters at breast height (DBH) of individuals larger than 2.5 cm were measured. The biomass and carbon stock of the trees were assessed using a set of allometric equations from the literature. In total, 4687 individuals were counted, of which 1473 individuals have a DBH ≥ 2.5 cm. The number of species present in these areas is 328. The presence of species with conservation status and the relatively high carbon stock (302.11 t/h) show their importance in the urban environment.


The "striped" phase of the striped parrotfish, Scarus croicensis, engaged in mass spawning during afternoon periods on a deep (24 m) coral pinnacle ofTDiscovery Bay,Jamaica. During morning periods the fish occurred in a large foraging group on shallow reefs and moved to the spawning site in early afternoon. The occurrenceofspawning rushes perday inJune wasaboutsix times thatduringJanuary. Chromis cyanea and Clepticusparrai fed on freshly released eggs ofS. croicensis. Mass spawning byS. croicensis was similar to that of Sparisoma rubripinne.


11. Motion by the Chairman of the Organisation Committee: That provision be made in the Standing Orders of the Representative Body for the receipt of oral reports by chairmen of craft committees on the work of their committees for the session. 12. Amendment by SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE: That oral reports by chairmen of all committees shall be confined to reporting events which have taken place since the issue of their printed reports. 13. Motion by SOMERSET: That all reports given by chairmen of craft committees should be submitted in writing rather than orally. 14. Motion by SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE: That oral reports by chairmen of all committees shall be limited to five measured minutes.


The SST (Super Simple Transfer) package simplifies PC file transfers by automating modern setup and using menus to conduct transfers. Error‐free transmission and data security are provided. SST runs on IBM/PCs, ATs PSI2s and compatible computers. The package sells for $89.95 from Interoffice Communications Systems, 606 South Olive St., Suite 1420, Los Angeles, CA 90014, USA. Telephone: +1(213)622–5972.


Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem, inflammatory disorder associated with increased levels of morbidity and mortality. While much research into the condition is conducted in the secondary care setting, routinely collected primary care databases provide an important source of research data. This study aimed to update an algorithm to define RA that was previously developed and validated in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD)


Aim: To assess the risk association between chronic periodontitis and pre-eclampsia before and after matching for known risk factors of preeclampsia (maternal age, chronic hypertension and multiparity). Methods: 232 Primigravida women, 18-35 years of age, with gestation period of more than 20 to 26 weeks without known comorbidities were selected from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zonal hospital, Mandi, H.P. A detailed medical and dental history with information regarding maternal age, demographic area, educational qualification and socioeconomic status and clinical parameters as gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Results: It was observed that more cases of severe( CAL ≥ 5mm)and moderate periodontitis (CAL 3-4mm) were present in pre-eclamptic subjects as compared to non pre-eclamptic subjects (p-value <0.001). It was also observed that women suffering from pre-eclampsia, were 3.14 times more probable to face the periodontal disease than the healthy women (odds ratio OR =3.14). Conclusion: A positive risk association has been observed between periodontitis and pre-eclampsia with women suffering from periodontal disease more probable to face pre-eclampsia than the healthy women.


The IHY Japanese National Steering Committee (STPP subcommittee of the Science Council of Japan) has been promoting and supporting (1) two satellite missions, (2) five ground-based networks, (3) public outreach, (4) international and domestic workshops, and (5) the nomination of IGY Gold Club members. In the present paper we introduce these IHY activities, briefly summarize them, and suggest several post-IHY activities.


Cognitive Radios opportunistically use the spectrum just to counter the cognitive radio network problems of wideband spectrum sensing, dynamic resource allocation and waveform adaptation with the protection of primary systems and with aim to meet the technical challenges of sensing at low SNR, robustness to noise uncertainty and interference identification. The present paper deals with the effect of Sub Nyquist Sampling on the Filter Bank Multi Carrier Cognitive Radio using optimized wideband spectrum sensing approach. IEEE 802.22 requires CRs to sense Primary User signals as low as -114dBm. In order to identify the locations of vacant frequency bands,the entire wideband is modelled as a train of consecutive frequency sub bands and the total wideband is sampled in a compressed manner. The problem is to detect the presence or absence of signal in each spectral band at a sub Nyquist sampling rate.


Walter Bagehot, the social scientist and political journalist, wrote in 1867: 'There is a great difficulty in the way of a writer who attempts to sketch a living constitution. The difficulty is that the object is in constant change.' So it is with clinical governance some 130 years later.


The study was aimed to evaluate the features of various hepatic masses using triple phase multidetector computed tomography and to correlate features of triple phase multidetector computed tomography with clinical and cytohistopathology/operative findings. Technique of the triple phase was individualised as per the case with the application of empirical delay technique for timing the scan delay. Authors found the modality to be highly accurate for detection and characterisation of hepatic masses in addition to be able to provide significant information for the planning and management of the disease.


According to the defects of the graduation practice traditional model in land resources management,a new "Bi-tutor" mechanism for graduation practice including incentive policy each other,paper selection,effectiveness evaluation,was set up: the student will be directed by one university tutor and another tutor from company.In recent years,the practice shows that this is a good mechanism for graduation practice: it is useful for student,university and company.


X-by-wire (XBW) systems technology aims to substitute the traditional mechanical systems by all-electronic ones. It began as fly-by-wire systems in aircrafts. Nowadays, these systems are broadly used and in fast development processing also in automotive. Many advantages of these systems are partially in contrast with high requirements as the fault tolerance and reliability are. This paper introduces one of these systems. The described Steer-by-wire (SBW) system is based on the replacement of the mechanical linkages between the steering and road wheels by the electronics. The introduced SBW system is assembled from two ECUs (electronic control unit), which employ FlexRay protocol for data exchange. Designed SBW system was implemented into real small vehicle.


Objective:To understand the psychological conditions of the family members of patients with newly diagnosed AML and AML in remission.Methods:20 family members of patients with newly diagnosed AML and 20 family members of patients with AML in remission were evaluated by SAS and SDS,and compared the results of the two groups.Results:The family members of patients with AML were more associated with depression,a small number of them with anxiety;the family members of patients with newly diagnosed AML all showed mild to moderate depression,the family members of patients with AML in remission showed mild depression,there was statistical difference(P0.01);15% of the family members of patients with newly diagnosed AML showed mild anxiety,and 25% of the family members of patients with AML in remission showed mild anxiety,there was no statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusion:For family members of patients with AML,appropriate psychological support is necessary.