Abstract. Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C grew photosynthetically in the light and produced copious amounts of H2. During light‐growth mutant C produced 7.9mmol of H2 in medium with 9mmol of Na‐pyruvate per mg protein. When parent strain R. rubrum S1 was grown similarly, these cells only produced a trace amount of H2. Light‐grown mutant C evolved H2 by H2‐nitrogenase and formic hydrogenlyase. Although both hydrogenases were previously detected in R. rubrum S1, the activities of the reactions in light‐grown mutant C were higher and they operated under different conditions. In the parent strain S1, the production of nitrogenase was strongly repressed during growth in medium enriched with organic nitrogen and the cells only reduced 0.06 pmol of acetylene per mg protein after 30 min in the light. Under similar conditions, nitrogenase activity measured by the acetylene reduction test in mutant C was 10‐fold greater. In addition to nitrogenase, mutant C also produced large amounts of H2 with formate as an intermediate when the cells were grown with Na‐pyruvate. Formic hydrogenlyase in mutant C operated equally well in anaerobic light or dark conditions. The analogous formate oxidation reaction in parent strain S1 only functioned in the dark. These data, compared with results with R. rubrum S1 suggested that C was a regulatory mutant. Additional observations suggested that formic hydrogenlyase occurred constitutively in R. rubrum. Pyruvate formate‐lyase, however, which produced formate for formic hydrogenlyase, was only detected in the cells after growth in media with Na‐pyruvate. The reaction was not formed when R. rubrum was grown in the light in media with dl‐malate as the sole carbon substrate.


Cubic BaTiO3 particles of ca. 100 nm in diameter were produced at 25 to 60°C in a highly basic aqueous solution system. The crystalline phase was purely formed by reaction of barium hydroxide and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles under the highly basic condition. The formation of the pure phase at a lower temperature requires a higher concentration of NaOH and a longer reaction period. At room temperature (25°C), the crystalline BaTiO3 was obtained through the reaction with 5.2mol/kg of NaOH for 168 h. A specific mesocrystal architecture of BaTiO3 consisting of oriented small units was formed as an intermediate at the initial stage of crystal growth.


This paper discuss the implementation of an optimized remote network, using latency, bandwidth and packet drop rate as key performance indicator (KPI) to measure network performance and quality of service (QoS). We compared the network performance characteristics derived on the Wide Area Network (WAN) when using Fiber, VSAT and Point-to-Point VPN across the internet respectively as the network infrastructure. Network performance variables are measured across various links (VAST, Fiber and VPN across the internet) and the corresponding statistical data is analyzed and used as base-line for the optimization of a corporate network performance. The qualities of service offered on the network before and after optimization are analyzed and use to determine the level of improvement on the network performance achieved.


The preparation of 1β-hydroxygibberellin A5 from gibberellin A3 is described. Unlike its naturally occurring allylic isomer gibberellin A3,1β-hydroxygibberellin A5 is stable to aqueous alkali and acid-catalysed aromatisation of ring A does not occur. Reasons for these differences, and for the hitherto unreported 3-epimerisation of gibberellin A3 by base, are discussed in terms of O-alkyl fission of the lactone bridge.


This chapter sketches the beginnings of literary modernity in Senegal through an analysis of a remarkable nineteenth-century collection of textual artifacts.This collection includes a multilingual corpus of poetry, calligraphy, folktales, and songs, as well as the textual components of several leather-bound protective amulets that for centuries Europeans called "fetishes." The collection was assembled by David Boilat, a mixed-race priest, who pasted his findings into the pages of a notebook before sending them to anthropologists in Paris. Boilat's notebook reframes the residues of many different textual practices and performance genres as texts that can be quotable, transportable, and readable in new ways. This subsumes collected artifacts into a new textual order, founded on the principle of readability. Nearly a century later, a young Léopold Senghor would incorporate some of Boilat's collections into an early anthology of African writing in French, thereby consecrating them as literature.


Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. The potential for palivizumab to interfere with commercially available respiratory syncytial virus diagnostic tests was demonstrated. Negative test results in palivizumab-treated subjects should be interpreted with caution and confirmed by a nucleic acid amplification–based assay.


Climate and land-use change are some of the most profound threats to the biodiversity and functioning of the Earth's ecosystems, yet potential synergistic effects remain unclear. Here we examined how aridity and land-use (overgrazing and haying) affect aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) through changes in plant species richness across 716 grassland sites in northern China. We found that aridity and grazing reduced aboveground biomass and SOC through decreasing plant species richness. Notably, we observed strong negative synergistic effects of aridity and grazing, suggesting that soil carbon storage was particularly threatened by grazing in arid environments. By contrast, haying reduced aboveground biomass and had no significant effect on SOC, although it increased plant species richness. Together, the results demonstrate that climate change and overgrazing mainly threaten soil carbon storage via their detrimental effects on plant diversity, and the detrimental overgrazing effects are particularly strong under arid conditions.


There are good correlations between readily soluble phosphorus in applied manure and dissolved P in runoff.Therefore, readily soluble phosphorus can be seen as a key indictor of the potential for applied manure to supply dissolved P to runoff.In this study, the readily soluble phosphorus of duck and swine manure were analyzed according to their relatively dissolvability in distilled water and 0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3.Two extraction procedures were tested:(1)independent, with dried, ground samples being extracted and P measured for each extraction;and(2)sequential, with each sample being repeatedly extracted by H2O, NaHCO3, in that order.Results showed that among the 16 manures, total P varied between 4.06 and 35.08 g·kg-1。For the independent procedure, in the H2O fraction, dissolved total P(Pt)accounting for 5% to 19% of duck manure total P(0.64~3.51 g·kg-1)and 8% to 24% of swine manure total P(2.60~5.35 g·kg-1).In the NaHCO3 fraction, Pt accounting for 8% to 32% of duck manure total P(1.14~4.99 g·kg-1)and 21% to 71% of swine manure total P(4.71~14.84 g·kg-1).Sequentially, H2O, NaHCO3 extracted 5%~19% and 3%~23% of the total P in duck sample, respectively, while 8%~24%and 11%~37% of the total P in swine sample, respectively.For each extractant, Pi and Pt in swine manure were higher than that of duck significantly and Pi was the major form(77%~99% of Pt)in extractant.Duck and swine manure readily soluble P in sequential extraction was significantly related with that in independent extraction(P0.01).


The porous media have a great influence on the heat transfer and storaging it characteristics. In this study an experimental work has been conducted to measure the mixed convection though the filled circular tubes. First, the test apparatus has been manufactured; filled circular tubes with a porous media and fixed horizontally first then tilted with different angles. Secondly, the circular tube is heated with a constant heat flux and, thermocouples have been stickled in proper positions. Then many readings, for temperatures, have been registered for each thermocouple with different speeds of the outlet air (from the circular tube) and the inclination angle of the tube has been changed many times to be 0 o , 30 o ,45 o & 60 o . These experiments have been conducted for the range (108.54Ra907.73) of Rayleigh number and for the range (29.31Pe516.94) of Peclet number. Three tests for the heat flux have been conducted, for each five Peclet number has been used. Finally, the experimental result shows that the surface temperature of pipe has a proportional relation with the tube length for all values of the heat flux and Peclet number. In addition, the heat transfer is achieved by free convection for small Peclet number, by forced convection for large Peclet number and by mixed convection for medium value of Peclet number.


Network configuration and functions of mid small size computer integrated system in Laiwu Iron and Steel Company are introduced, in detail, we give the interface and realization between PLC system and computer integrated system.


This book takes me back to 1960, when I received six booklets containing photography and text about different types of pasture and range plants of the Great Plains. These booklets were given to me while in a 4-H range management club, and they were wonderful for a novice of plant identifi cation. In them I found pictures of plants I knew as well as many that I would learn later. Developed with the fi nancial support of Phillips Petroleum Company, these booklets were consolidated into a hard copy book in 1963. That book became a text for range-plant classes in the Midwest and was printed 11 times through 2001. This book, the second edition of Pasture and Range Plants, is again a showcase for water-colored prints depicting important pasture and range plants of the Great Plains. The purpose of this book remains the same as those fi rst six booklets, that is, to assist farmers, ranchers, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, 4-H Clubs, and vocational agricultural students with practical knowledge concerning plant species of importance in the Great Plains of the United States. The book fulfi lls the purpose for which it was written. The colorful and aesthetically pleasing pictures are from an art collection of the 160 original paintings, now housed in the Steinberg Museum at Fort Hayes State University. The detail of the specifi c plant morphology achieved in this artwork is amazing, but it is not scientifi cally accurate. Again available for people who want to know more about the plants they see on rangeland or along roadsides of the Great Plains, this book is a starting point for people to put a name on some of the important and common plants of the Midwest. The book starts with a discussion of root systems and their importance to healthy plant growth. This two-page section helps the reader understand basic information about how forage is produced above ground. The illustrations depict shoot and root counterparts. Understanding these basic elements and the effects of defoliation on plant health can then be utilized in making vegetation management decisions. This applies to range, forest, or wetland plants as well as home landscaping. The grass plant artwork should help the reader understand the details of the grass descriptions. The forb and shrub plant parts are not illustrated. A section on woody plants and miscellaneous poisonous plants at the end of the book has pictures of the plants, a small description, and interesting and factual information about the specifi c plants and their poisons. Information is given concerning where the species grows, when it is dangerous, symptoms of poisoning, and general comments. This is good material to study if plant poisoning problems are suspected. Pasture and Range Plants is a good book for display on the coffee table and for teaching basic principles and identifi cation.


Zyttrite-doped material outperforms MgO-doped material above 1,200 degrees C. New ceramic material produced by addition of 10 weight percent zyttrite (yttria-stabilized zirconia) to (silicon nitride) offers significantly-improved high-temperature properties (those of MgO-doped Si3N4 ceramic). Work also showed that controlled Si3N4 powder with 10 weight percent zyttrite, significant improvement in room-temperature strength achieved. Variety of high-temperature structural applications are silicon nitride and silicon carbide. Potential for use in aircraft and automobile engines and in electric-power generating systems. Improved properties strongly suggest that the 10-weight percent zyttrite/Si3N4 material has strong potential for high-temperature applications.


Subcutaneous human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) therapy can effectively manage hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism, with varying effects on hypercalciuria. However, little is known about its ability to decrease the renal comorbidities of hypoparathyroidism: nephrocalcinosis (NC), nephrolithiasis (NL), and renal insufficiency. Urinary citrate (Ucit) promotes the solubility of urinary calcium (UCa); hypocitraturia is a risk factor for NC/NL. Twenty‐four–hour UCa, Ucit, and UCa/Ucit were determined in 31 hypoparathyroid subjects receiving hPTH 1‐34 therapy for up to 5 years. Before hPTH 1‐34, the geometric least squares mean UCa was 346 mg/day (normal <250) and Ucit was 500 mg/day (normal 250–1190); UCa/Ucit was 0.67 mg/mg. After 6 months of hPTH 1‐34, UCa decreased (238, p < 0.001), but with a greater decrease in Ucit (268, p < 0.001), increasing UCa/Ucit, which became significant over time (p < 0.001). After stopping hPTH 1‐34 and resuming conventional therapy (follow‐up; FU), compared to the last measures on hPTH 1‐34, Ucit rose to 626 (p < 0.001), reducing UCa/Ucit to 0.44, (p < 0.05); UCa also rose (273), but was still lower than baseline (p < 0.05). Daily hPTH 1‐34 dose did not correlate with UCa, but was inversely related to Ucit, and directly related to UCa/Ucit (p < 0.01). Mean blood bicarbonate decreased significantly on hPTH 1‐34 and remained lower than baseline at FU (p < 0.01). Mean eGFR increased on hPTH 1‐34 (86 to 96 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001) and returned to baseline at FU. On renal imaging, 6 subjects did not have NC/NL, 8 had NC/NL prior to hPTH 1‐34 that remained unchanged, and 16 developed new‐onset (n = 10) or progressive (n = 6) NC/NL while on hPTH 1‐34. Our data demonstrate that treatment with subcutaneous hPTH 1‐34 may have an untoward effect of hypocitraturia and high UCa/Ucit ratio that may increase renal morbidity. With increasing use of PTH therapy in hypoparathyroidism, close monitoring and exploration for treatment of hypocitraturia seem warranted. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.


Several topics related to the renewable energy and the historical records of the petrol prices currently dominate the international scene. This rapid inflating fuel price resulted in the growing of the world's energies consumption related the growth of the world economy. In addition, the enormous environmental degradation, the political and socio-economic events which reveal the world's precarious position related to the exhaustion of fossil energy reserves of the planet, have led most countries of the world to set a policy framework to promote energy conservation, environmental security and encourage the use of renewable energy technologies. This article presents a study of an Autonomous environmental friendly System of Electricity Production by a Mechanical Power Generation based on Solar-Heated HFC -134a Rankine Cycles system (ASEP-MPG-SHRC). This study is developed at the Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems of the National Engineering School of Sfax – Tunisia in order to produce autonomous electricity generation satisfying the priority needs of small villages non accessible to the electricity framework. This work focuses on the design, the modelling of the different components and the numerical simulation of the system functioning using the developed model based on a three types of mode: summer mode, yearly mode and winter mode of the ambient temperature and solar flux for Gafsa city-Tunisia. This simulation allows predicting the behaviour of the system following variations in both command parameters and external perturbations. The proposed design of the ASEP-MPG-SHRC consists of four loops, using an expander for electricity generation based on a solar-heated thermodynamic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) operating at low temperature range.


Objective
To quantitatively research the chin electromyography (EMG) increasing level of narcolepsy in rapid eye movement(REM) period, and analyze its association with clinical features and rapid eye movement sleep without atonia (RSWA).

Methods
Sixty-six patients with narcolepsy underwent video-polysomnography (video-PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and were grouped by quantitative research of the chin EMG levels during overnight REM (patients with elevated level belongs to RSWA group(n=31)). The data from general clinical data, video-PSG and MSLT and neuro-psychological assessment (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were analyzed statistically.

Results
Compared with narcolepsy without RSWA group (n=35), narcolepsy with RSWA group showed higher ESS score (17.9±4.1 vs 15.4±4.9, t=2.236, P=0.029), longer average time (min) per drowsiness (38.3±28.4 vs 19.2±11.2, t=2.931, P=0.030), higher incidence of cataplexy (58.1%(18/31) vs 28.6%(10/35); χ2=6.281, P=0.012). In the polysomnography parameters, narcolepsy with RSWA group had shorter sleep latency (2.00(0.50, 3.50) min vs 3.00(1.75, 9.50) min; Z=3.007, P=0.003), higher total arousal index (31.4±14.4 vs 22.9±13.1; t=2.368, P=0.021), and micro arousal index ((13.0±7.19)/h vs (9.2±6.5)/h; t=2.080, P=0.042) and spontaneous arousal index((11.9±7.1)/h vs(8.1±5.4)/h; t=2.500, P=0.015). There was no significant difference in sleep structure between the narcolepsy with RSWA group and narcolepsy without RSWA group. In MSLT parameters, shorter average REM sleep latency (min) appeared in narcolepsy with RSWA group(3.5±1.7 vs 5.3±4.5, t=-2.190, P=0.027). Logistic regression analysis showed that the phase of the chin EMG (OR=1.103, 95% CI 1.008-1.207, P=0.033) and tension chin EMG (OR=1.339, 95% CI 1.111-1.615, P=0.002)were significantly associated with cataplexy.

Conclusions
Narcolepsy with RSWA group showed sleep fragmentation, severer daytime sleepiness, and higher risk of cataplexy. Therefore, narcolepsy patients with high chin EMG had a higher prevalence of cataplexy.

Key words:
Narcolepsy; Electrophysiology; Polysomnography; Rapid eye movement sleep without atonia


comments on the mild degree of the nmuscular atrophyi-, trophic changes, and motor weakness, as indicating t l e remlarkable mainner in wlich the depre(lation of the spinial g,liosis is confined, in the early stages at least, to the sensory tracts condtucting tlhermi-al an(d painfuil sensibility, tactile and postural sense being unimpaired. He urges the great importance of nmalking tests for the variouis formus of objective sensibility even in the very early stage of the paraestliesia.


Many critical engineering components are routinely subjected to cyclic multiaxial stress states, which may include non-proportional loading and multidimensional mean stresses. Initial efforts by the authors involved the identification of suitable multiaxial damage parameters for a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy utilizing smooth samples. As with uniaxial loading, the extension of the multiaxial data to a notched geometry poses challenges. Utilizing the multiaxial stress-strain state at the notch root, estimates of the fatigue life for multiaxially loaded notched members may be highly conservative, even for damage parameters that successfully modeled the smooth specimens under identical loading. By using an "average" of the multiaxial stress field over a small region near the notch in the calculation of the damage parameters, more realistic fatigue life estimates were obtained. INTRODUCTION Performance requirements in certain applications require that an adequate fatigue damage parameter be identified, rather than masking uncertainty in excessive factors of safety. Ideally, uniaxial data would be utilized to establish a baseline data set that could be extended to more complex loading with a multiaxial damage parameter. A previous investigation [1] scrutinized twenty-two existing fatigue damage parameters in light of approximately thirty multiaxial smooth bar tests which encompassed a variety of mean stress conditions and non-proportionality. Figure 1 highlights some of the non-proportional paths employed in the investigation. Both the level of loading and shape of the paths are intended to simplify portions of actual service events. The reader is referred to reference [1] for other details of the testing and specimen design. The parameters evaluated in reference [1] included both the scalar effective-stress type as well as the more recently introduced critical plane approaches. For the most part, any plastic deformation observed during the multiaxial testing was restricted to the first reversal, resulting in fatigue lives of 5×10 to 5×10 cycles. Only one effective-stress type parameter, the modified Manson-McKnight parameter [2, 3], showed promise for general multiaxial loading. This model uses an alternating stress range, Δσeff, defined from the general form of effective stress with the range of each stress component, and an effective mean stress, σeff mean , defined as the effective mean stress obtained using the mean stress for each component. Damage = 1 2 Δσeff σ max w , σmax = Δσeff 2 + β 2 σ eff , β = ∑σ1 + ∑σ 3 ( ) ∑σ1 − ∑σ3 ( ) (1) The sign and magnitude of the mean stress term in the model is modified by multiplying the effective mean by the term β/2. β is defined by Σσ1 and Σσ3, which are the sums of the first and third principal stresses, respectively, at the maximum and minimum points in the cycle. Then σmax is obtained by adding the effective stress amplitude to the modified mean stress term. If


Abstract The Boston Naming Test is designed to identify word retrieval problems; however, normative data for this test are limited. One hundred subjects participated in this study to examine race, gender, and educational level effects on test scores. Subjects included 25 African American males, 25 African American females, 25 Caucasian males, and 25 Caucasian females with no neurologic impairment from a wide age range. Race and gender did not have a significant effect on test scores; however, educational level had an effect on the number of correct responses. Subjects with more years of education were determined to have exposure to a wider vocabulary base which was credited with the higher test scores.


Nodularin is a cyclic pentapeptide produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. This cyanotoxin is responsible for the contamination of water bodies, and potentially can lead to human illness. Current analytical techniques that quantify nodularin often require several sample preparation steps that are time consuming and use organic solvents. Our objective was to develop a simple, relatively fast and solventless method for extracting and quantifying nodularin using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two concentrations of nodularin (1 ppm and 10 ppb) were used to evaluate extraction capabilities of Carbowax/Templated (CW/TPR, 50 ?m) coated SPME fibres. Extraction efficiency of the nodularin solutions was optimised by adjusting the salt concentration to 30% (w/w), decreasing pH to 2 and exposing the SPME fibre to the nodularin solutions for either 60 or 120 minutes, depending on nodularin concentration. Under optimised conditions, the SPME-HPLC methodology produced linear, reproducible calibration curves using fresh or seawater samples spiked with nodularin. Results suggest that SPME-HPLC could be useful in screening nodularin-contaminated water samples, with the added advantage over other traditional extraction methods of being relatively quick, simple and solventless which avoids the dangers of occupational exposure and disposal of organic solvents.


In this paper the fundamentals, developments, advantages and disadvantages of the single-phase asynchronous motors speed regulating systems are introduced briefly.


Prompted by the early results on the catalytic activity of LiMn2O4 and related oxides in the photochemical oxidation of water, our detailed study of several manganese oxides has shown that trivalency of Mn is an important factor in determining the catalytic activity. Thus, Mn2O3, LaMnO3, and MgMn2O4 are found to be very good catalysts with turnover frequencies of 5 × 10−4 s−1, 4.8 × 10−4 s−1, and 0.8 ×10−4 s−1, respectively. Among the cobalt oxides, Li2Co2O4 and LaCoO3—especially the latter—exhibit excellent catalytic activity, with the turnover frequencies being 9 × 10−4 s−1 and 1.4 × 10−3 s−1, respectively. The common feature among the catalytic Mn and Co oxides is not only that Mn and Co are in the trivalent state, but Co3+ in the Co oxides is in the intermediate t2g5eg1 state whereas Mn3+ is in the t2g3eg1 state. The presence of the eg1 electron in these Mn and Co oxides is considered to play a crucial role in the photocatalytic properties of the oxides.


The Western Victorian Volcanic Plains are part of the Newer Volcanic Province of southeastern Australia Geological and regolith mapping by Honours students of the northern part of the Plains has distinguished some fifteen Regolith Landform Units, elaborating on the four major units presented on the Hamilton 1: 1 000 000 regolith map (Oilier & Joyce 1986) which were based in turn on earlier soil mapping by Gibbons and Gill (1964) KlAr and radiocarbon dates have been used to provide numerical ages for the parent materials of the Regolith Landform Units on the lava flows, and the regolith map is unusual in that the units must all have formed during the last 5 Ma Mapping units are based on landforms and regolith development The landforms range from young stony rise flows, through degraded stony rises, to undulating to flat clay plains on flows of 1 to 3 Ma, with dissected clay plateaus on the oldest flows of 3 to 5 Ma In turn, the regolith ranges from almost-bare basaltic lava outcrop, through initial shallow soil development in depressions, to 1 to 2 m deep clay soils with gilgai, to mottled and pallid kaolinitic profiles many metres deep Field mapping using air photos, photomaps and Landsat imagery has been supplemented with the use of maps of original vegetation and current land use Radiometric imagery has been used to link the areas mapped by Honours students and add further detail The use of radiometric and other imagery, as well as other data sets, to map Regolith Landform Units on basalt plains have been evaluated Regolith maps of this type allow a detailed landscape history to be developed, including the sequence of volcanic activity and related drainage changes, and also allow deductions about climatic change; regolith mapping will now be extended to cover the whole of the Newer Volcanic Province


Greater numbers of women are entering and working in higher education. Some of these women are the first in their families to attain academic degrees. They are known as first-generation students, and the care of children and others is often responsible for their withdrawal from academic study. This study addressed the void of information concerning the post-baccalaureate work experiences of first-generation women by documenting their presence in higher education administrative positions and by determining that providing care for a greater number of dependent children than their peers remained in the profile of first-generation women who had transitioned from undergraduate students to academic administrators. An online questionnaire was used to examine the responses of 345 women working in North Carolina community colleges, colleges and universities. Of the respondents, 38.8 percent were first-generation; 17.4 percent of the first-generation respondents provided financial support to a parent or other. The data results and a literature review are used to suggest that family-friendly workplace policies including equitable pay for women and health insurance options that allow coverage for elderly parents could assist first-generation women who aspire to academic positions within higher education.


This study examined the effects of temperature and chronic hypoxia (CH) on pH/CO2sensitive fictive breathing, and central pH/CO2 chemosensitivity, in cane toads (Bufo marinus). Toads were exposed to CH (10% or 15% O2) or control conditions (21% O2) for 10 days at either room temperature (controls), 10°C or 30°C following which in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations were used to examine central pH/CO2-sensitive fictive breathing (i.e., motor output from respiratory nerves which is the neural correlate of breathing). A reduction in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) pH increased fictive breathing frequency (fR) and total fictive ventilation (TFV). Cold temperature reduced and hot temperature increased fR and TFV under control conditions. CH attenuated fictive breathing independently of temperature. Additional experiments in which the aCSF temperature was varied indicate that the effects of temperature acclimation result from neural plastic changes within respiratory control centres in the brain.


Abstract This paper explores some of the difficulties of doing research concerning young people's use of online sexually explicit materials in three high schools in South Africa. Against the backdrop of young people's sexual agency, we elaborate on the ways in which getting permission to conduct the research unsettled gatekeepers, as research on young people's use of such materials remains taboo. Anxieties related to conducting school-based sexuality research, particularly with pornographic elements, stem from understandings that sex is a forbidden topic. During the course of seeking participants for our study, we found that the majority of boys in one school refused to participate. We argue that this was because online network sites were regulated and censored by the school, specifically those related to sexually explicit material, with punitive consequences for their use. Sexuality researchers operate in conditions of increased surveillance and we give attention to the difficulties of the researcher in school-based research. The need to conduct research into young people's use of sexually explicit online materials is acute but needs to be supported by policy frameworks that foreground the specific conditions and challenges that researchers may face in a country such as South Africa.


Thick chert series occur from the Upper Emsian through Frasnian strata in the Nanning area, South China. These siliceous deposits are characterized by black to dark grey, thin-bedded chert intercalated with light grey tuffaceous beds, which tend to be brownish yellow in the upper portion of the Frasnian. The bedded chert has very high SiO2contents (usually 90%) and relatively high contents of TFe2O3(total iron)(avg. 3.32%). By contrast, the contents of other major elements, i.e. Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and MnO are extremely low (avg. 0.71%, 0.04%, 0.10% and 0.02%, respectively). Some major element ratios of Fe/Ti, (Fe+Mn)/Ti and Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) are 92.12 and 0.25 in average, respectively. Trace element ratios of Ti/V and U/Th are 4.57 and 4.09 in average, of which the U/Th ratio reached a maximum in the early Frasnian. These geochemical features suggest a hydrothermal influence upon the precipitation of the bedded chert, and a strongest hydrothermal activity in the Early Frasnian. The hydrothermal activity was likely a reflection of deep-seated basement faulting. In this case, the strongest hydrothermal venting in the early Frasnian point towards a strongest extension process of the rift basin, reconciling the scenario of temporal distributions of chert and lithofacies in Devonian in South China.


Objective:To observe the change of plasma t-PA、PAI-l in fat embolism syndrome patients.Methods:Using EllSA plasma t-PA、PAI-1 concentrations were measured in 11 fat embolism syndrome patients and 6 simple fracture patients.Results:In fat embolism syndrome patients group,the plasma concentrations of t-PA antigen in patients were lower than those of control subjects(P0.05),the plasma concentrations of PAI-l antigen were significantly higher(P0.05)in two days after incident,and got over in 3 to 5 days from then on.Conclusions:The plasma t-PA and PAI-l might play a role in the pathologic changes of cerebral infarction.


The paper deals with the problem of identifying the internal dependences and similarities among a large number of random processes. Linear models are considered to describe the relations among the time series, and the energy associated with the corresponding modeling error is the criterion adopted to quantify their similarities. Such an approach is interpreted in terms of graph theory suggesting a natural way to group processes together when one provides the best model to explain the others. Moreover, the clustering technique introduced in this paper will turn out to be the dynamical generalization of other multivariate procedures described in the literature.


New concepts from nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to show that Landauer's principle can be understood in terms of time asymmetry in the dynamical randomness generated by the physical process of the erasure of digital information. In this way, Landauer's principle is generalized, showing that the dissipation associated with the erasure of a sequence of bits produces entropy at the rate kBI per erased bit, where I is Shannon's information per bit. Copyright c EPLA, 2008 Landauer's principle says that the minimal dissipation accompanying the erasure of one bit of information produces an entropy equal to kB ln 2, where kB is Boltz- mann's constant (1). This important result is based on the observation that the processing of digital information is a physical process among others and should thus obey the laws of thermodynamics. Landauer's result has therefore supported the idea that information processing devices working at temperature T should dissipate at least kBT ln 2 of energy during an elementary act of infor- mation (2,3). Later, Bennett's work clarified the point that Landauer's dissipation is the feature of logically irreversible operations on data, i.e., operations whose inverse is not unique, such as data erasure (4). Moreover, Bennett used Landauer's result to resolve Maxwell's demon paradox (5). Since then, Landauer's principle has been explicitly verified in specific cases, for instance, in bistable potentials with white noise (6), for a bit in contact with a thermal reservoir (7), or from coarse graining in phase space (8). Landauer's result has been verified using case studies and it is only recently that nonequilibrium statistical mechanics has been sufficiently advanced in order to reach its understanding in a general framework. Indeed, it has been recently established that the second law of thermodynamics finds its origin in the time asymmetry of the property of dynamical randomness, i.e., the temporal disorder that a physical process develops during its time evolution (9-12). Dynamical randomness is characterized by the decay rate of the probabilities of the typical paths or histories followed by the fluctuating process. The time asymmetry of the process can be tested by comparing the decay rate of the path probabilities with the one of the corresponding time-reversed process. These decay rates are the so-called entropy per unit time


It is widely accepted that the conventional consumer price index may not be the ideal indicator of underlying inflation due to noise included in the index. To remedy this problem several methods have been proposed. Based on statistical and economic criteria we develop alternative inflation measures called trimmed means. The analysis of Greek CPI data reveals that price changes on a monthly basis are widely dispersed, positively skewed, and, consequently, not normally distributed. Further analysis, based on a number of alternative measures of core inflation, concludes that trimmed means provide valuable information about underlying pressures and predict more accurately future inflation. (JEL: C82, E31)


An in situ technique called tunable atomic line molecular spectroscopy (TALMS) has been applied to the measurement of NO in the post-flame region of atmospheric methane/air flames. The TALMS technique utilizes the Zeeman effect, and is based on the splitting and polarization of atomic emission lines induced by an external magnetic field. Concentrations of NO were determined by doping the fuel and oxidizer with known amounts of NO. The highly selective and sensitive TALMS technique permitted measurement of NO in concentrations ranging from a few ppM to those typical of high nitrogen content fuels. 22 references, 9 figures.


This paper initiates the study of old instruments (especially Stave (Portative) Organ) and how these can be integrated into research done inside the - Master of Music Therapy - from "TRANSILVANIA" University of Brasov. In the first stage of the research, it was seen one possible link between the 415 Hz Stave (Portative) Organ tuning and Passive Music Therapy. We have noticed etymological, constructive and sound aspects to integrate Portative Organ into practical applications.


Sharpe ratios are much used in finance, yet cannot be measured directly because price returns are non-Gaussian. On the other hand, the number of records of a discrete-time random walk in a given time-interval follows a Gaussian distribution provided that its increment distribution has finite variance. As as consequence, record statistics of uncorrelated, biased, random walks provide an attractive new estimator of Sharpe ratios. First, I derive an approximate expression of the expected number of price records in a given time interval when the increments follow Student's t distribution with tail exponent equal to 4 in the limit of vanishing Sharpe ratios. Remarkably, this expression explicitly links the expected record numbers to Sharpe ratios and and suggests to estimate the average Sharpe ratio from record statistics. Numerically, the asymptotic efficiency of a permutation estimator of Sharpe ratios based on record statistics is several times larger than that of the t-statistics for uncorrelated returns with a Student's t distribution with tail exponent of 4.


Textual documents have been largely available digitally or electronically with increasing number since the invention of computer. The need of information makes a user to do a searching activity on document collections he or she has. Document searching method available on computers usually just look into the name of document (file) searched by user without noticing the content inside it, therefore it can not satisfy his or her information need. Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method can be a solution to retrieve relevant information from document collections inside a computer. LSI method has an ability to correlate semantically related terms that are latent in a collection of text using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique. An information retrieval system using LSI method has been developed and tested on 40 Indonesian documents with 478 words per document in average. On testing process which has been done, with threshold of 0.6 the system could give search result with average precision score of 55.48% and average recall score of 96.67% in testing process.


The establishment of the the course Computer-Aided Character Image Design is to enable the students to beautify the digical pictures by skillfully using the software Photoshop in order to achieve the best results of the digical image recordings or the plane printed matter. Based on the teaching practice, this paper discusses the teaching objectives, teaching design, teaching methods and problems in the teaching so as to offer useful inspirations to the construction of character image design specialty.


Hajj is known as one of the largest and oldest annual mass gatherings in the world. For Muslims, Hajj is one of the five pillars in Islam. Early in Hajj month, Muslims start coming and gathering in Mecca preparing for this great event. The month of Hajj represents the 12th month of the Islamic lunar year (Hijri) and is called 'Thul-Hijjah'. Hajj consists of a number of rituals that take place from the 8th to the 12th day of 'Thul-Hijjah'. Pilgrims gathering in one place with limited geographical area perform the religious ritual during which there is a high risk of creating a series of logistical issues and occurrences such as stampedes, getting lost from friends and family, and loss of lives. Effective management of the Hajj gathering remains a yearly challenge because of the intensity of the crowds. Indeed, the use of technology could well lead to better management of Hajj. The main objective of this study is to contribute to improving crowd management in the locations of Hajj rituals by developing an application for Hajj crowd management that can be used by Hajj travel agencies, to assist and manage pilgrims at Hajj locations.


This chapter explores the advent of aviation in the US Marine Corps, beginning with the determination of Alfred A. Cunningham to excite the Corps' interest in the possibilities of heavier-than-air powered flight. This is followed by an examination of the employment of Marine Corps aviation in World War I, including predeployment training and combat operations. The chapter concludes by addressing the import of this experience, especially with regard to the development of Marine Corps aviation in the small wars era.


The analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of fungicide prochloraz and its metabolites in several animal commodities using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture detector (ECD). Samples including beef meat, pork meat, chicken meat, milk, and egg were hydrolyzed with pyridine hydrochloride which converts prochloraz and its metabolites to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) because residue definition for prochloraz was 'sum of prochloraz and its metabolites containing the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol moiety, expressed as prochloraz', for compliance with MRLs from animal commodities. Therefore, residual prochloraz was extracted with acetone, decomposed to 2,4,6-TCP, partitioned with dichloromethane, purified with aminopropyl SPE and quantified as 2,4,6-TCP with GC-ECD. The instrumental limit of quantitation and method LOQ (MLOQ) was 0.01 µ g/mL and 0.02 mg/kg for prochloraz and 0.005 µ g/mL and 0.01 mg/kg for 2,4,6-TCP, respectively. The linearity of the calibration curve was good with R 2 >0.995 in the range of 0.005-0.2 µ g/mL. Fortification levels of prochloraz were 0.02 mg/kg (MLOQ) and 0.2 mg/kg (10MLOQ) for recovery tests. Overall recoveries of prochloraz were >90% with <10% of coefficient variation (C.V.). This established analytical method was fully validated and could be useful for quantification of prochloraz and its metabolites in animal commodities as official analytical method.


exico. Recibido el 18 de agosto de 2009; aceptado el 24 de noviembre de 2009 In this work we present a theoretical study of the spontaneous capillary flow of a viscous liquid, developed in the gap between a couple of parallel corrugated plates (corrugated Hele-Shaw cell). The periodical corrugation of the interior walls of the plates is assumed as a sine-like pattern, transverse to the flow direction. Such a configuration may generate periodical gaps with a structure where zones of maximum and minimum closing occur. This is a simple idealization of typical micro and nano fabricated gaps used to mould polymers by capillarity. This model can also be useful to understand the capillary flow in naturally fractured reservoirs. By using lubrication theory we found that a very peculiar temporal flow is developed which could be of interest in improving our knowledge of this type of moulding.


This is the third in a series of three linked articles describing the major changes which are taking place in English public sector higher education as a result of the Education Reform Act 1988. The new Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council had introduced a radically different system of competitive tendering which, although it was being brought in incrementally was already having a significant impact on institutional management. The way in which the competitive tendering exercise was operated and its outcomes is examined. The conclusion is that this exercise was an important development in the fundamental redirection of higher education in Britain.


On the basis of beam element to optimize the bridge body in finite element analysis,this paper puts forward a kind of accurate and efficient method,shorten the time of modeling and post-processing,and it combines with UG software,discussing the modeling and finite element simulation process,using the NX/Nastran module calculate and analyse,and ensuring the accuracy.


This research is quasi-experiment. The purpose of this research is to know whether students' mathematics learning outcomes which taught by using problem – based learning model higher than mathematics learning outcomes of students which taught by using student teams achievement division in grade VII SMP Negeri 28 Medan.
The population of this research is students of SMP Negeri 28 Medan, whereas the sample consists of 2 classes, namely, VII - 1 as Experiment Class I consists of 32 students and VII - 2 as Experiment Class II consists of 31 students. Experiment class I used Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Experiment Class II used Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Collecting data technique of this research is students' learning outcomes test given in the end of learning either in Experiment Class I or Experiment Class II. The type of this test is objective test.
Before doing hypothesis test, the normality and the homogeneity test should be done. The result of those tests, sample was taken from normal distributed and homogeneous population. The data analysis of experimental classby using t-test with significance level α = 0.05, it was obtained that tcalculation> ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
It can be concluded that students' mathematics learning outcomes which taught by using problem – based learning model higher than mathematics learning outcomes of students which taught by using student teams achievement division in grade VII SMP Negeri 28 Medan.
The research that has been done, researcher suggested that Problem based learning can be as consideration to teachers in enhancing senior high school students' mathematical representation ability.Teacher intends to use problem based learning, needed preparation and used time effectively in its implementation. The result and instrument of this research can be used as consideration to implement problem based learning in a different class grades and subjects for the future researchers.


This paper will discuss some possible results of the developing dominance of electronically mediated communication1 on the practice of theology, focusing on ways digital communications allow, or encourage, us to develop once again features of theologising that were more prominent in earlier times. Peter Horsfield suggested that in some respects digital media return features of orally mediated culture to the modern world.2 I will play with three metaphors from Jewish life and history as models for changes of practice that the new forms of mediation suggest or even require.


Maize rough dwarf disease generally caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) has been one of the main diseases in parts of maize production area in recent 10 years.Mining maize rough dwarf virus(MRDV) resistant germplasm and then breeding resistant variety is an economical and effective approach to control the disease.One hundred and eighty-four inbred lines including 111 common maize and 73 waxy maize were screened for reaction to MRDV under field conditions during 2009 and 2010 at Nantong,Jiangsu province,China.The genetic diversity of the tested materials was investigated based on 117 polymorphic SSR markers.Cluster analysis of 184 inbred lines was conducted based on genetic similarities from SSR data by using Powermarker 3.0 software with UPGMA method.The disease evaluation resulted in identification of two and eight inbred lines with high resistance and resistance to MRDV,respectively,among them two waxy inbred lines were identified.UPGMA analysis indicated that 184 inbred lines could be classified into nine sub-groups,which were generally consistent with their known pedigree information and breeder's experiences.Two sub-groups that separately derived from 4S and US hybrid 78599 had better resistance to MRDV than other seven sub-groups and could be used as core germplasm in genetic improvement of maize for rough dwarf disease resistance in Jiangsu province.


Banks are usually better informed on the loans they originate than other financial intermediaries. As a result, securitized loans might be of lower credit quality than otherwise similar non- securitized loans. We assess the effect of securitization activity on credit quality employing a uniquely detailed dataset from the euro-denominated syndicated loan market. We find that, at issuance, banks do not select and securitize loans of lower credit quality. Following securitization, however, the credit quality of borrowers whose loans are securitized deteriorates by more than those in the control group. We find tentative evidence suggesting that poorer performance by securitized loans might be linked to banks reduced monitoring incentives.


Valves, which are used to supply or block the flow of cryogenic pressurant in the pressurization system of liquid-propellant propulsion system in a launch vehicle, are pneumo-actuated valve, solenoid valve, pyro-valve, etc. Both pneumo-actuated valve and solenoid valve have more complex structure and are heavier than pyro-valve. For this study, a couple of pyro-valves, which are applicable to cryogenic and high-pressure fluid (cryogenic gaseous helium), have a simple structure, and are comparably light, are designed, manufactured, and tested (proof-pressure/leakage tests, performance test, vibration test, helium supply tests).


This paper proposes a cost-effective antenna-package suitable for the mobile terminal of the wireless file-transfer system. The antenna-package has the end-fire radiation from the open-end post-wall waveguide built in the side of the package. The antenna-package with a 60-GHz CMOS chip is mounted on the edge of a printed-circuit board by BGA technique. The antenna only was fabricated. The antenna has the size of 4.8 × 6.4 × 1.0 mm3. The beamwidth of 120 degrees (E-plane), 72 degrees (H-plane), and 2.2 dBi gain were measured at 60 GHz. The radiation efficiency of the antenna was calculated to be 88 % at 60 GHz. Moreover, the antenna-package with two antennas for the transmitter and the receiver was designed. Its size was 14.4 × 14.4 × 1.0 mm3. The package is under the fabrication.


Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I is a multisystem disease with early severe nervous system involvement. The disease, which is inherited as a recessive autosomal trait, is biochemically characterized by complex defects in the terminal carbohydrate residues of a number of serum glycoproteins. This can be most readily detected in transferrin. A whole genome scan was initiated in order to try localizing the gene (CDG1) with linkage technique. We therefore analyzed 25 CDG1-pedigrees with several highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and after exclusion of about 30% of the genome, linkage was detected with markers located in chromosome region 16p. The lod score (Zmax) was above 8 (theta=0.00) for several markers in the region. In order to further sublocalize the CDG1 gene, recombination and linkage disequilibrium analyses were performed. Recombination events in some pedigrees indicated that the CDG1 gene is located in a 13 cM interval between microsatellite markers D16S406 and D16S500. Furthermore, allelic association was shown for marker D16S406, indicating that the CDG1 gene is located close to this. No heterogeneity could be detected in the European family material tested by us.


Objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association and predictive value of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in elderly patients with prostate cancer(PCa) undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).
Methods

the clinical data of 72 elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 y) with PCa undergoing LRP in the Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The basic information, laboratory examination indexes, operation conditions, postoperative complications and postoperative recovery indexes of patients were included. Clavien-Dindo Classification System (CDCS) was used to assess the postoperative complications. T-test was used to analyze the grouping variables. ROC curve was drawn to study the predictive value of GNRI for postoperative complications.
Results

The body weight, BMI, preoperative HGB, ALB values of malnutrition group (MNg) and normal nutrition group (NNg) were significantly positively correlated (P༜0.01); the incidence and severity of postoperative complications of MNg were significantly higher than those of NNg (P༜0.05). The average hospitalization costs of MNg was higher, the duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU), duration of antibiotic use was longer and the duration of indwelling drainage tube were longer than NNg (P༜0.05). The volume of indwelling drainage tube were more than NNg (P༜0.05).
Conclusion

GNRI is an effective and reliable tool to evaluate preoperative nutritional status of prostate cancer, which is closely related to postoperative recovery and complications,and has predictive value.


An elderly female developed anarthria with prominent emotionality over an 18-month period before specialist neurological assessment. Although tongue electromyography was normal, her corticobulbar signs were consistent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a pattern that, in the absence of functional impairment outside of speech and swallowing, is appropriately termed progressive bulbar palsy. Such patients, often elderly females, may remain ambulant and independent for many months, sometimes years, despite typically rapid anarthria.1 Electromyography may be insensitive to denervation, even when genioglossus is sampled, and this can contribute to diagnostic delay …


This paper introduces the features,components and working principles of AUTOMATIG306 all-position automatic tubesheet welding system and the structure of the shell heat exchanger,and through the technical evaluation,selects the optimum welding processing parameters used in the practice of production,obtaining good results and the pass percent of the welding seam of 100%.


Here, we report on the first Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations of rotational diffusion using the Cartesian components of the rotation vector as the generalized coordinates. The model system employed in this study consists of freely rotating and non-interacting rigid particles with arbitrary surface topography. The numerical BD algorithm contains no singularities and yields numerical results that are in full agreement with known theoretical results. Because of the absence of singularities, this new algorithm is several orders of magnitude more efficient than a simple BD algorithm employing the Euler angles as the generalized coordinates. The general theory for using generalized coordinates in studies of more complex systems involving both translation, rotation, and fluid dynamic interactions is well known. Consequently, the benefits reported here can readily be extended to such systems. Important examples are segmented polymer chains, with and without holonomic constraints, and liquid crystals.


A novel, broadband backscattering modulator based on integrated single-pole double through (SPDT) switches is analyzed in this paper. The modulator can be attached to small, single-ended antennas for their radiation pattern measurement based on backscattering methods. A particular bistatic arrangement is considered, with both antenna under test (AUT) and interrogation antenna held in stationary positions, while a receiving antenna turns around AUT. Constant coupling between interrogation antenna and AUT is therefore provided for accurate measurements. A high flexibility for choosing the reflection coefficients for the modulators is obtained for single-ended antennas. Errors from RF or DC feeding cables are reduced through biasing the modulator from a single, low profile, button cell battery. Average change in differential radar cross section of 0.004 dB/day confirms very accurate, long lasting measurement sessions.


The characteristics of Medicago sativa L.×Medliloides ruthenica(L.)Sojak.cv.Longmu 806 were introduced,its cultivation techniques were also summarized,including dplot,selection,land preparation and fertilization,seeding,field management,disease-insect pest-grass prevention,harvesting and utilization etc,in order to provide references for its popularization and cultivation.


EnglishThis text aims to address the history of the criminal justice system in Brazil, from a critical perspective on the use of the category of "modernity" to describe it. The main objective is to check the possible contradiction of the notion of Modernity as it is used. Initially, it addresses the way that the historiography used by Critical Criminology has described the idea of modern criminal system. Then this idea is confronted with non-hegemonic perspectives on modernity. Finally, the article identifies two counterhegemonic narratives that in the Latin-American criminological context, brought new elements about the issues that could be included in a colonial hypothesis: Clovis Moura and Eugenio Zaffaroni. portuguesEste texto tem como objetivo abordar a historia do sistema penal no Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva critica quanto a utilizacao da categoria de "modernidade" para descreve-lo. O objetivo central e verificar as possiveis contradicoes dos usos da nocao de Modernidade. Inicialmente, aborda-se o modo como a historiografia utilizada pela Criminologia Critica tem descrito a ideia de sistema penal moderno. Em seguida, tal ideia e confrontada com as perspectivas nao hegemonicas acerca da Modernidade. Por fim, sao identificadas duas narrativas contra-hegemonicas que, no âmbito criminologico latino-americano, trouxeram novos elementos sobre os problemas que poderiam ser incluidos numa hipotese colonial: Clovis Moura e Eugenio Zaffaroni.


METHODS: Twenty-five adults with HIV age 59.2± 1.7 years participated in this study. Individuals were recruited by word of mouth to a Community Based Exercise Program (La Perla de Gran Precio). A Certified Personal Trainer performed all the exercise testing. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed using a submaximal treadmill test (Ross). Strength was assessed by determining the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for bench press and leg press and the maximum number of push-ups and sit-ups that could be completed in 1 minute. Flexibility was tested using the Sit and Reach Test. Participants were asked to bring in the most recent lab for the CD4 data. This same evaluation was administered three times to track each participant's progress over a year. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant mean difference in CD4 count, cardiovascular fitness (time completed and cardiac frequency), 1RM bench press and leg press, the maximum number of push-ups and sit-ups that could be performed in 1 minute, and flexibility between evaluations. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between CD4 count from evaluation 1 (695± 318.58) to evaluation 4 (945.57±433.12) and the most significant mean difference was noted between evaluation 1 (695± 318.58) to evaluation 3 (932.85±408.42). The data showed the steady improvement in strength (bench press, leg press, push-ups, and sit-ups) occurred between evaluation 1 and evaluation 3; however, the gains were not statically significant (p>0.05). Time completed during the submaximal test improved most between evaluation 1 and evaluation 2 but did not demonstrate the statistically significant mean difference (p>.05). CONCLUSION: Participation in a community-based exercise program can help significantly improve immunity (increase CD4 count) in people with HIV. Therefore, clinicians should encourage individuals with HIV to participate in regular exercise and introduce them to community/recreational programs.


The socialist camp that once offset the dominance and imperial ambitions of the United States in Latin America no longer exists, but the advances of neoliberalism are being countered by newly elected representatives who reject a world that promotes wealth for the few and deepens the poverty of the majority. The emerging progressive governments have limited programs and resources, and while the conditions for a profound transformation may have been established, the transformation itself may not be possible until well into the future. Marta Harnacker, a close observer, has suggested that being leftist today "means to fight or be committed to a societal project that opposes the capitalist logic of profit-making and that seeks to build a society with a humanistic logic" (2002: 4). The oasis of the Latin American left, she feels, is the World Social Forum, based in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with initiatives emanating from social movements and nongovernmental organizations and skepticism of the political parties of the left, whose positioning has often approximated the practices and rhetoric of the traditional conservative and liberal parties. Many questions face the progressive scholar interested in Latin America. At the top of my list, and something that I have recently examined in detail (see Chilcote, 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2002; n.d.), is whether a globalization perspective is useful today and how it relates to the historical experience of U.S. domination and the prospects for real development in a complex capitalist world. I have argued that an uncritical and widespread usage of the term "globalization" appears to be diverting attention from the negative impact of capitalist development and imperialism and that "globalization" tends to be employed as an ideologically and politically motivated concept implying that a harmonious and integrated world has been evolving to mitigate tensions and struggles that historically have disrupted the international political


The environmental education is a topic of great relevance in contemporary society due thecountless day disasters that are presented by the media. Speaking in terms of environmentaleducation means rethinking the relationships of man with himself, with others and the naturalenvironment. In that case, formal education in educational institutions held in private and public isput before another issue of great importance. Therefore, to work the environmental education inschools is a challenge for the educators. In order to identify the presence of environmentaleducation, its concept and its strengths and weaknesses in teaching in private schools from SantaMaria - RS, south of Brazil, a field research involving teachers working in elementary educationseries is reported. In this work, a questionnaire aiming to do a diagnostic as the environmentaleducation has been worked with children was performed. Questions about the understandinglevel, the type of development of activities, such activities are prepared are some questions thatindicate that environmental education needs to be understood, thought and rethought by educators, so it can be capable of causing the transformations necessary to change present realityof socio-environmental crisis. Although present in the classroom, the environmental education stillis developed discontinuous, fragmented and not characterizing effectively as a crosscutting theme,as the official Brazilian documents suggest.


The effect of variations in water content on the direct-current electrical conductivity of Na2O · 3SiO2 glass was measured. Increasing the water content of this glass from 10 to 500 wt ppm of H2O results in an increase in the resistivity of a factor of 2 to 3. The increase in resistivity is accompanied by an increase in the activation energy for conduction. Increasing resistivity with increasing water content is attributed to decreasing molar volume. Under identical annealing conditions, "wetter" glasses relax to a smaller molar volume (greater density) because of the presence of a larger number of "terminal" hydroxyl species that allow structural relaxation to continue to lower temperatures.


Abstract The cinnamon flowers exhibit protogynous dichogamy with 2 flower types "Type A" and "Type B" which first flowers during morning and evening respectively. This floral cycle causes a temporal barrier to the maintenance of elite breeding material and for hybridization with desired parents. Determination of variation in flower and inflorescence morphology can shed light on functional diversity in "Type A" and "Type B" flowers. In order to study these variations, a survey of cultivated cinnamon lands and wild habitats was conducted in fifteen locations in the Matara district. Peduncle length (PDL), flower length (FL), flower width (FW), and floral tube length (FTL) varied among cinnamon accessions collected. The variation in tepal shape was distinct: the two whorls of tepals of a single flower exhibited two shapes. The current investigation of differences in inflorescence, floral morphology and floral abnormalities of Cinnamomum verum provides information about their diversity, and recommends molecular analysis to further determine the genetic basis of two flower types in progynous dichogamy.


An exploratory experiment was carried out in which subjects with different musical skills were asked to play a digital piano keyboard, first by following a specific key sequence and style of execution, and then performing freely. Judgments of perceived sound quality were recorded in three different settings, including standard use of the digital piano with its own internal loudspeakers, and conversely use of the same keyboard for controlling a physics-based piano sound synthesis model running on a laptop in real time. Through its audio card, the laptop drove a couple of external loudspeakers, and occasionally a couple of shakers screwed to the bottom of the keyboard. The experiment showed that subjects prefer the combination of sonic and vibrotactile feedback provided by the synthesis model when playing the key sequences, whereas they promote the quality of the original instrument when performing free. Even if springing out of a preliminary evaluation, these results were in good accordance with the development stage of the synthesis software at the time of the experiment. They suggest that vibrotactile feedback modifies, and potentially improves the performer's experience when playing on a digital piano keyboard.


We depend on vision, more than on any other sense, to perceive the world of objects and events beyond our bodies. We also use vision to move around that world and to guide our goal-directed actions. Over the last twenty-five years, it has become increasingly clear that the visual pathways in the brain that mediate our perception of the world are quite distinct from those that mediate the control of our actions. This distinction between 'vision-for-perception' and 'vision-for-action' has emerged as one of the major organizing principles of the visual brain, particularly with respect to the visual pathways in the cerebral cortex (Goodale and Milner, 1992; Milner and Goodale, 2006).


The toughness, fractograph and microstructure of the failed die specimens have been examined and analysed.It comes to the conclusions that the main cause of the premature failure of the aluminium extrusion dies was the low toughness of the die steel which resulted form the poor quality of the die steel and the improper heat treatment of the dies, and that the defects remaining at the die surface after electric discharge machining increased the tendency to failing. The measure have been accordingly taken to increase the die life.


The results of statistical analysis of Doppler spectra of scattered intensity, obtained from tissues of oral cavity membrane of healthy volunteers, are presented. The dependence of the spectral moments of Doppler signal on cutoff frequency is investigated. Some results of statistical analysis of Doppler spectra, obtained from tooth pulp of patients, are presented. New approach for monitoring of blood microcirculation in orthodontics is suggested. Influence of own noise of measuring system on formation of speckle-interferometric signal is studied.


We have developed a novel quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) code based on the real-space grids in order to realize high parallel efficiency. The details of the methodology and its parallel implementation have been presented. We have computed the electronic state of the QM subsystem using the Kohn–Sham density functional theory, where the one-electron wave functions have been expressed by the real-space grids distributed over a cubic cell. We have performed QM/MM simulations for the peptide hydrolysis in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 aspartyl protease in order to examine the reliability of the present QM/MM approach. The activation energy obtained by the present calculations shows a good agreement with the experimental results and that of the other QM/MM method. Finally, we have parallelized the whole code and found that the grid approach can afford high parallel efficiency (~80%) in such a large scale electronic structure calculation. We conclude that the QM/MM approach utilizing real-space grids is adequate and efficient for the study of the enzymatic reactions.


Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious disorder that is associated with a poor clinical outcome. We report a 35-year-old man who had a severe headache and diplopia while climbing Mount Everest. His MR venography showed right transverse and right sigmoid sinus thrombosis. He improved on anticoagulant and symptomatic measures. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at high altitude is discussed.


Large quantities of waste tires are released to the environment in an undesirable way. The potential use of this waste material in geotechnical applications can contribute to reducing the tire disposal problem and to improve strength and deformation characteristics of soils. This paper presents a laboratory study on the effect of granular rubber waste tire on the physical properties of a clayey soil. Compaction tests using standard effort and consolidated-drained triaxial tests were run on soil and mixtures. The results conveyed an improvement in the cohesion and the angle of internal friction the clayey soil-granular rubber mixture, depending on the level of confining stress. These mixtures can be used like backfill material in soil retaining walls replacing the clayey soil due to its better strength and shear behavior and low unit weight. A numerical simulation was conducted for geosynthetic reinforced soil wall using the clayey soil and mixture like backfill material to analyzing the influence in this structure.


Anti-Ro/SSA assays assist the clinician in distinguishing autoimmune diseases such as Sjögrenś syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). The objective of the study was to investigate the fine specificity of the autoantibodies in relation to clinical presentation as well as environmental and endogenous factors such as photosensitivity, smoking and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in patients with Ro/SSA autoantibodies. Serum samples from 96 anti-Ro/SSA positive photosensitive patients were tested for autoantibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified recombinant Ro52 kd, Ro60 kd and La proteins as antigens. The highest levels of anti-Ro52 and anti-La were observed in patients with primary SS, and the lowest levels of anti-Ro52 in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE). SCLE patients with systemic disease (SLE and/or SS) showed higher levels of anti-Ro52 than SCLE limited to the skin. A correlation between high serum levels of IgG and anti-Ro52 (P < 0.01) and between IgA and anti-Ro52 (P < 0.05) and anti-Ro60 (P < 0.05) was found. Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) was common in all diagnostic groups but did not correlate with autoantibody levels. Smoking was more common in lupus patients than in SS patients. Our findings thus propose different mechanisms for different clinical presentations of Ro/SSA positive patients. The testing of anti-Ro52 antibodies might serve as a prognostic tool in photosensitive cutaneous diseases.


Neutral particle beams can probe satellites` interiors, which enables them to discriminate on mass and determine the satellite`s function with confidence. That capability, now absent, is essential for enforcing existing space agreements, defining the verifiability of future agreements, and determining the capabilities of unknown space objects. It is complemented by their ability to image at close ranges and measure spectral information at intermediate ranges. The platforms would be of very low current and moderate energies, which would give them no significant antisatellite capability.


Abstract This paper provides an analysis for the use of the clitic se in transitive constructions, as in Juan se leyó un libro 'John se read a book'. It argues that se is an underspecified eventive verbal head which takes a bounded path as a complement. In the transitive construction, se first merges with a verb that provides the manner description for the event that se introduces. The direct object then serves as the path complement. This analysis of se is then extended to anticausative and inchoative uses of se, as in La comida se enfrió 'the food cooled down' and Juan se durmió 'John fell asleep'. Here, se does not merge with a verb but merges directly with an acategorial Root, and the Root provides the path complement. This study further supports the notion that scalar structure is important to understanding the relationship between argument structure, event structure, and syntactic structure.


Abstract The union function proposed in this article is a generalization of the stimulus-effect model formerly established by the author. The union function has a better fit with experimental data in various sensory channels than does G. T. Fechner's (1877) logarithmic law or S. S. Stevens's (1957) power function law; it also has the generality to suggest rules or regularities relevant to local and global psychophysics. The goodness of fit with experimental data is demonstrated with numerical examples.


The present invention relates generally to a method of screening for the amount of neoplastic cell death in a subject. More particularly, the present invention is, by detecting the expression level of telomerase protein and / or gene by dead cells in a biological sample from the subject or a subject, provides a method for screening the amount of neoplastic cell death. The method of the present invention, evaluation of neoplastic condition, monitoring the progression of such condition, therapeutic agents or treatment regimen evaluation of the effectiveness of, and target can enter or remission progresses to a more advanced disease state including sex predictions useful in a series of applications including, but not limited to. The present invention also provides useful diagnostic agents for detecting telomerase protein and / or nucleic acid molecule.


Neonatal intensive care is generally considered justified in the majority of very premature infants, but there is some concern about the effectiveness of the techniques used at the margins of viability (22–24 wk of gestation). The controversy that exists in this area is largely due to a lack of agreed endpoints for geographically based populations where all live births are considered. Evaluation of outcome must also take the quality of neurological function in surviving infants into consideration, and in reviewing these data the reader is struck by the few reports providing information on a high proportion of survivors. To inform this debate, the "best data" for analysis are reviewed based on a number of criteria of quality for survival and outcome studies. Based on these data sets, >25% of babies born alive at 24 wk and below survive without major disability.


The purposes of this research is to know the production factor effect such as the amount of trees,human resources,and fertilizer cost simoultaneously to the level of palm production in Laburan village, Product factor effect such as amount of trees, human resources, and fertilizer cost partially to the level of palm production in Laburan village, how much is the production factor contribution such as amount of trees,human resources, and fertilizer cost to the level of palm production in Laburan village, what factor dominate most in influencing the production of palm in Laburan village. This research used descriptive statistic analytical method. Held in Laburan Village Paser Belengkong district Paser Regency, with the population of palm farmers amount of 154 farmers, the sampling method is purposive sampling and obtained sample amount of 23 respondents. The research result showed that productioj factor simoultaneously took effect to the level of production, from three production factors, amount of trees and fertilizer cost took effect partially to the production level whereas human resources production factor partially did not take effect to the production level, production factors have a posotive contribution to the level of production and amount of trees factor is the main factor which is dominantly took effect to the palm production level in Laburan Village Paser Belengkong district Paser Regency.


Functional verification remains a major bottleneck of the design process. One approach to combating this bottleneck is to combine multiple, complementary techniques. This issue examines recent progress in this direction. The issue also includes two Perspectives articles: an extended summary of a report on system-in-package technology by the FSA SiP subcommittee, and a discussion on challenges and new requirements for effective validation of future system chips. Finally, this issue includes an article on memory built-in self-repair (BISR) and a roundtable on the future of multiprocessor SoC.


The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture farm, Sumer University during winter season 2015 – 2016 in clay loam soil to investigate the effect of the phosphate and organic manure on growth and production of Vicia faba. Three poultry residues levels (0, 2.5 and 5 ton.ha-1 ) and three levels of phosphate fertilizers levels (0, 60 ,120kg P . ha-1) were added. The experiments used RCBD , with three replicates .
     Results showed that significant differences between organic residue levels with the 5 tons . ha-1   addition was significantly the best on plant green, pod along , dry weight ,phosphorus content in the shoot compared with no addition. The addition 2.5 ton . ha-1 was significantly the best on plant   height , pod numbers per plant compared with the control . On the other hand , the results showed significant differences among phosphate the in all Plant characteristic levels (120)kg k.ha-1 was significantly the best in most of the studied plant characteristics. the two interaction treatment                             (5 tons.ha-1 +120 kg . ha -1 ) and ( 5tons . ha-1 + 60 kg k. ha-1 ) were significantly the best in most of the studied plant characteristics (Plant height , pod number , pod length and the dry weight .


The purpose of this article is to determine what forms of active leisure and tourism activities are being chosen by representatives of various groups of society in Lithuania and to find out the importance of Nordic walking in the context of active tourism and leisure. The pandemic, which lasted for several years, limited the opportunities of Lithuanians to travel abroad, but encouraged the search for new forms of leisure in Lithuania. A wider offer of local excursions appeared, more and more Lithuanians became interested in Nordic walking and other forms of active leisure. The research showed that a majority of respondents take part in hiking, water sports and cycling. All these activities are extremely popular during the warmer seasons. Meanwhile, Nordic walking is just beginning to establish itself as a popular form of active leisure Keywords: tourism, leisure, Nordic walking, excursion, activity


Eighty-two seedlots of the five New Zealand taxa of Nothofagus; red beech (N. fusca), silver beech (N. menziesii), hard beech (N. truncata), black beech (N. solandri var. solandri) and mountain beech (N. solandri var. cliffortioides) were collected from different localities throughout New Zealand. Each seedlot was weighed and, where there was sufficient seed, tested for viability. The ethanol soak test was preferred for the bulk testing of viability because it gave similar results to other accepted viability tests and was quicker and less destructive of seed. Seed weights were positively correlated with viability, and were generally found to lie within the ranges ascribed by previous authors. Latitude of origin appeared to have no influence on seed weight and viability. No correlation was detected between seed weight/ viability and altitude of origin. Red, silver and mountain beech clearly benefited from a stratification period of 70 days, whilst the benefit for black beech was negligible. The shape of mountain beech seed {triquetrous or flat) had no effect on seed viability or


Indonesia is one of the largest consumer of nitrogen fertilizer . However, the use of fertilizers has been inefficient because 20-70% content of nitrogenin fertilizers quickly dissolvein water. Therefore, the necessary coating urea with polymer to improve the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed so much more. One way to improve the efficiency of urea fertilizer is urea coated with the coating material known as Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) which is a nitrogen-controlled components. Coating of urea has been widely studied by many researchers, such as urea to the polymer coating is carried out by Liu(2008). The polymers used inthis study is Poly vinyl Alcohol and starch which serves as an adhesive in a coating solution . The range o f temperatures used ranged from 35 0 C - 50 0 C, the concentration of starch are used10% -50% by weight of coating, and PEG as additives. The tools used are fludized bed as a medium spray to coat and dry urea. The results showed that the higher the operating temperature of the coating efficiency decreases, the dissolution rate decreases and the decrease dustiness. The higher the concentration of coating then the coating efficiency is increased, decreased dissolution rate and increasing dustiness. Microscopy analysis of morphology structure as coated urea particle by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) show there is obtained two layers.


ABSTRAK
The performance and durability of concrete in construction is essential to maintain the sustainability and protection of the material. Particularly in construction in marine environments, the attack of aggressive chemical compounds can affect concrete and accelerate deterioration. This research aims to improve the performance and durability of concrete in construction in marine environments by using additional protection methods such as Surface Applied Protection. One of the materials used is geopolymer mortar that uses fly ash as a base material. This study shows that geopolymer mortar contributes positively to the compressive strength and durability of concrete. The thickness of the geopolymer mortar layer affected the mechanical properties of the concrete, and 4 cm thick gave the highest compressive strength results. The addition of geopolymer mortar needs to be adjusted to the compressive strength of the concrete and pay attention to the layer thickness for optimal results.

Kata kunci:  repair material, marine environment, L/D ratio, geopolymer mortar, compressive strength


Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) nanowires were synthesized through utilizing sol gel and electrospinning methods. Mixtures of metal oxide sol gel and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in ethanol solution were electrospun and resulted in metal oxide composite nanofiber mats. Precise annealing process removed all organic material, and pure metal oxide single crystal nanowires remained. Both the as-spun nanocomposite mats and the heat-treated nanofiborous materials were characterized using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes. The average diameter of the nanofibers was concluded to be proportional to the flow rate used and inversely proportional to the metal oxide concentration in the solution.


The generalized parametric structural schematic diagram, the generalized structural-parametric model, and the generalized matrix transfer function of an electromagnetoelastic actuator with output parameters displacements are determined by solving the wave equation with the Laplace transform, using the equation of the electromagnetolasticity in the general form, the boundary conditions on the loaded working surfaces of the actuator, and the strains along the coordinate axes. The parametric structural schematic diagram and the transfer functions of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are obtained for the calculation of the control systems for the nanomechanics. The structural-parametric model of the piezoactuator for the transverse, longitudinal, and shift piezoelectric effects are constructed. The dynamic and static characteristics of the piezoactuator with output parameter displacement are obtained.


To develop a method to estimate the anti-Aspergilli activity of active ingredients of Chinese herbs. With the broth microdilution testing procedure proposed by NCCLS, anti-Aspergilli activity of active ingredients ( cinnamalde-hyde, cinn. and citral) of Chinese herbs was determined.The MIC values of cinn. to Aspergillus flavus, A.fumigatus were 0.100μg /mL , 0.050μg/mL.The MIC values of citral to A. flaws, A.fumigatus were 2.600μg/mL, 0.650μg/ mL.These results demonstrate that citral and cinn. have high potency activity against Aspergillus spp. .The research may provide references to establishing a standard for evaluating the effect of anti-Aspergilli Chinese herbs.


As part of government's pro-poor strategy to increase access to and improve the quality of basic healthcare services, the National Health Insurance Act (National Health Insurance Authority, 2003, 2010 and 2013) was passed in 2003. The study assessed 379 heads of household, 5 heads of health facilities and the scheme managements' perception on quality of health service delivery, implementation of the capitation programme, operation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and performance of scheme operators and service providers in the Sekyere South District of Ghana. Findings indicate that 73.9% of the heads of household had registered for NHIS and out of this figure 74.5% had renewed their cards. Despite a high renewal level, 30.3% are not satisfied with the services provided. With the introduction of the capitation grant, 25% of private service providers have withdrawn their services due to inadequate per capita payment on the scheme and 17.3% of the heads of household had difficulty in tracing their names at their preferred choice of health facility which have the tendency of affecting the sustainability of the NHIS. The study therefore recommends that, the National Health Insurance Authority should ensure upward adjustment of the monthly per capita payment made to service providers to reflect reality and also intensify education on the capitation policy for both service providers and the scheme beneficiaries.


This comprehensive and popular textbook is a core text for undergraduate students of environmental economics, and also appeals to geographers and environmentalists. The book deals fully with the orthodox theorems of the economics of pollution and optimal depletion rates for natural resources.


Currently the Pioneer 10 and Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are beyond the orbit of Pluto, traveling outward from the Sun. Each is capable of detecting ultraviolet radiation resonantly scattered from hydrogen and helium atoms in the heliosphere and local interstellar medium. These observations are particularly well suited for the investigation of the large-scale heliospheric H and He distributions because the Voyager spacecraft are heading upstream, into the direction of local interstellar flow, whereas Pioneer 10 is heading downstream. Observations of the brightest resonance line, H Lyman-alpha, reveals that beyond about 20 AU from the Sun, upstream intensities decrease less quickly as a function of solar distance than downstream intensities. This implies that the heliospheric H distributions in the upstream and downstream directions are significantly different. Heliospheric H atoms originate in the local interstellar flow, and must penetrate through the heliospheric interface, where they are subject to charge exchange collisions with solar wind and interstellar protons. Models indicate that this process is probably responsible for the upstream/downstream difference in H Lyman-alpha. In addition, a recent spectroscopic determination of the H atom velocity distribution in the inner heliosphere implies a significant deceleration in the bulk flow speed of the heliospheric hydrogen gas relative to the helium flow, an effect that is also likely due to H-p charge exchange occurring in the upstream heliospheric interface region. In this presentation, recent heliospheric resonance line observations and their interpretations will be reviewed, focusing on their sensitivity to large-scale heliospheric structure.


Abstract : The objective of this study was to locate land areas in the Continental United States (CONUS) that were similar in all aspects to selected land areas in other parts of the world. The purpose was to aid in the selection of land mine detection test sites analogous to strategic areas in other parts of the world. An extensive literature search was made to collect information on world soils and climates. Soils types were found in the U.S. that were analogous to those in most parts of the world if only soil depths related to land mine burial requirements were considered. The results of this program task were the source of information used to locate special test sites for a 12-month mine detection evaluation program and to find analog areas that represented European areas were to be conducted. (Modified author abstract)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the debate about the emancipatory potential of the internet by commenting on the papers in this issue by Gallhofer et al. and by Paisey and Paisey.Design/methodology/approach – The paper locates the internet within the politics of neoliberalism.Findings – The internet is just another technology and its use and influence depend on the social and political contexts. The internet is not seen as a panacea but rather as a communicative device which has the potential to facilitate change. Whether that is realised depends upon how the counter accounts and critiques disseminated through it connect with the common sense of the people.Originality/value – The paper encourages engagement with technology and also persuades readers to develop counter accounts and critiques of contemporary social problems.


Holographic measurements of optically induced refractive index changes (light damage) of Fe doped KNbO3 are interpreted in terms of photoconductivity results. In "undoped" KNbO3 the light damage is one order of magnitude smaller than in LiNbO3-The light induced index changes can be drastically reduced or enhanced by applying a relatively small de-field along the polar ±c axis. The space-charge field due to the "photovoltaic effect" is then increased or decreased by photoconductivity.The spatial frequency dependence of the light-induced index changes indicates, that diffusion processes of charge carriers are important for the light damage in KNbO3 if the fringe spacing α of the recorded hologram is smaller than 2 μm. For α = 0.35 μm this term is two orders of magnitude larger than the "photovoltaic effect" and the photoconductivity term.The dispersion of the absorption-and photoinduced current-density measurements yield basic information on the energy levels of the photorefractive centers controlling the i...


We propose a construction based on synchronization and error-correcting block codes and a matched marker sequence. The block codes can correct insertion, deletion and substitution errors within each codeword. The marker sequence allows the decoder to maintain synchronization at codeword boundaries even at high error rates. An upper bound is given for the performance of these codes over a channel with random substitutions and synchronization errors. It is shown that the performance is largely dependent on the code's minimum Levenshtein distance. The performance of these codes is verified by simulation and compared to published results. In concatenation with a non-binary outer code we obtain a significant improvement in frame error rate at similar overall code rates.


The model of dispersed information security – composed of autonomous and specialised state entities – operates in all areas of life, which results in institutional interventionism. As a consequence, a constant state control becomes necessary, and controlling legislation and public spending – for the benefit of the society and the economy – grows increasingly costly. An example of a sector security system that operates in the best interest of the entire society is the food safety system in Poland, which is inscribed in the EU system. The article also discusses the efficiency of the system's information structures which inform relevant EU authorities and are decisive for information structure in the society and the efficient application of modern information technologies. An example of such an institution is the Crisis Management Centre (PL: Centrum Zarządzania Kryzysowego) and the alarm procedure in case of threats related to food manufacturing and consumption.


Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a neurosurgical emergency which warrants lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many patients with suggestive symptoms of CES have no radiological correlate. A functional (non‐organic) aetiology has been proposed in some, but currently little is known about this patient group and their clinical outcomes.


Fox (Mesquakie), which is a member of the Algonquian family, is spoken by around 800 speakers in Iowa, on the Kansus-Nebraska border, and in central Oklahoma (Lyovin 1997: 314). This language has two distinct patterns of reduplication illustrated in (1): monosyllabic reduplication, which expresses continuative or habitual aspect, and bisyllabic reduplication, which indicates iterative aspect, either an action repeated over a period of time or an action distributed over a group of subjects or objects:


79 Br NQR measurement is performed to determine the low-energy charge-transfer/dimerization fluctuations in the organic charge-transfer complex DMTTF–2,6-QBr 2 Cl 2 . With decreasing temperature, NQR line width gradually increases and the spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 shows a large enhancement from the two-phonon relaxation law ( T 7 ). This behavior is consistent with the picture that the present material is situated in the critical region of the charge-lattice-coupled quantum transition.


In some military communication systems, the receiving platform is unable to transmit feedback information to the senders, either because it must maintain radio-silence, or because the feedback link is jammed. For such applications, a multiple access protocol is needed that maintains satisfactory performance in the absence of feedback. In this paper, such a protocol is introduced and an exact analysis and performance evaluation of it are provided. The protocol, which uses an unconventional reservation mechanism, exploits the capability of interference rejection that Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) provides.


This study was conducted to confirm the Anopheles spp as malaria vector inhabits forested areas in Western Lampung Regency, Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Anopheles spp. were sampled using the human landing catch method at a remote forest habitat. Each caput and thorax of Anopheles balabacensis specimen was placed separately inside a sterilized mortar and the tissue homogenized using a sterile pestle. The total DNA was extracted from the tissues according to QIAamp DNA Mini Kit protocol. The presence of malaria parasites in the mosquitoes was detected using nested PCR by targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium. A PCR primer pair, rPLU1, and rPLU5, was used in the first PCR reaction, while another pair (Pkr and Pkf) was used in the second PCR reaction for detecting Plasmodium knowlesi. There was only 1 Anopheles balabacensis mosquito caught in a remote forest habitat during this study. The results of the molecular analysis showed a positive result for Plasmodium knowlesi, which showed a similarity level of 99% with Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from JOHOR02.018S, and Plasmodium knowlesi clone H033H82 isolates from Serawak, and Plasmodium knowlesi genome isolates SWK113.2.18S. It is a confirmed natural vector of Plasmodium knowlesi namely Anopheles balabacensis in a remote forest habitat in Kecamatan Balik Bukit.