The construction and running of hydropower plants does not merely involve hydropower generation itself but also facilities surveillance, water quality monitoring, harmful creatures tracking, etc., thus requiring mobile and collaborative monitoring capabilities. MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks), with its mobility, flexibility, and robustness in volatile networking environment, is a competitive candidate to fulfill such tasks. Nevertheless its distributed structure prevents the effective collaboration between MANET nodes. SDN (Software-Defined Networking) provides the centralized control over the network underlay. This paper proposes the SDN-controlled IEEE 802.11 MANET swarm for mobile monitoring in hydropower plants. First, the MANET node is implemented by integrating Raspberry Pi with cameras, various sensors, etc., into the low-cost wheeled mobile hardware to enable sensibility and mobility. Then, multiple such MANET nodes are networked through ad hoc protocols, to construct a flexible and distributed MANET underlay; meanwhile, to implement centralized control over the MANET underlay, every MANET node is equipped with OpenFlow switch software (e.g., Open vSwitch) so that OpenFlow directives issued by the SDN controller can be understood and executed, hence the SDN overlay on top of the MANET underlay. Finally, OpenFlow is extended to offer physical actions such as mobility and sensibility manipulation, beyond pure data forwarding in traditional SDN applications, to achieve mobile monitoring in hydropower plants. The SDN-controlled MANET swarm features mobile and sensing capabilities, flexible networking through ad hoc protocols, and efficient and unified control by SDN. Experiment results prove the feasibility of this network architecture.


Based on panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2015, the paper constructs a spatial econometric model to analyze the relationship between rural finance and agricultural economy. According to the spatial correlation test, it is concluded that there is spatial clustering effect in China's agricultural economy development. This paper chooses to establish a spatial lag model (SLM). The empirical results show that rural financial scale and rural financial risk have a significant negative impact on agricultural economy. The impact of rural financial structure on agricultural economy is not well demonstrated; rural financial efficiency has a significant positive impact on agricultural economy. The government influence has a significant positive effect on the agricultural economy. Therefore, when 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions increase investment in rural finance scale, they must pay attention to improving rural financial efficiency and preventing rural financial risks, so that rural finance can better serve agricultural economic development. Keywords—agricultural economy; rural finance; spatial clustering; spatial lag model


Nineteen patients with congestive heart failure were given a continuous infusion of glucagon 3 to 5 mg/hour. Those with acute processes improved, while only 1 of 12 with chronic CHF benefited. Urine output increased 495 ml/24 hours, BUN rose 4.9 mg percent, serum glucose increased 22.1 mg percent, and serum potassium decreased 0.35 mEq/liter. No induced arrhythmias were noted, even in the presence of digitalis toxicity. Evidence of increased "ischemia" (angina, depressed ST segments and inverted T waves) during the infusion were seen in four patients. In chronic congestive failure associated with coexisting manifest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary heart disease, the response to glucagon was uniformly unfavorable. Glucagon should be reserved for acute CHF and then only after other modes of therapy, especially digitalization, are unsuccessful.


Southwestern China is an area heavily affected by forest fires, having a complex combination of fire sources and a high degree of human interference. The region is characterized by karst topography and a mixture of agricultural and forested areas, as well as diverse and dynamic mountainous terrain. Analyzing the driving factors behind forest fire occurrences in this area and conducting fire risk zoning are of significant importance in terms of implementing effective forest fire management. The Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model offers advantages in terms of efficiency, low memory usage, accuracy, scalability, and robustness, making it a powerful predictive algorithm that can handle large-scale data and complex problems. In this study, we used nearly 20 years of forest fire data in Southwestern China as the data source. Using mathematical statistics and kernel density analysis, we studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of forest fires in Southwestern China. Considering 16 variables, including climate, vegetation, human factors, and topography, we employed the LightGBM model to predict and zone forest fire occurrences in Southwestern China. The results indicated the following conclusions: (i) Forest fires in Southwestern China are primarily concentrated in certain areas of Sichuan Province (such as Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua City), Guizhou Province (such as Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), Yunnan Province (such as Puer City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), and Chongqing Municipality. (ii) In terms of seasonality, forest fires are most frequent during the spring and winter, followed by the autumn and summer. (iii) The LightGBM forest fire prediction model yielded good results, having a training set accuracy of 83.088080%, a precision of 81.272437%, a recall of 88.760399%, an F1 score of 84.851539%, and an AUC of 91.317430%. The testing set accuracy was 79.987694%, precision was 78.541074%, recall was 85.978470%, F1 score was 82.091662%, and AUC was 87.977684%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the LightGBM model in predicting forest fires in Southwest China, providing valuable insights regarding forest fire management and prevention efforts in the area.


The study of strategic management focuses upon the relationship between strategy and organisational outcomes (Chandler, 1966; Rumelt, 1986; Kantrow, 1983) but rarely on interpersonal outcomes, such as self-esteem and gendered identity. Following on the recent work of Acker (1991) and the UMIST studies (Knights and Sturdy, 1987; Morgan and Knights, 1991; Kerfoot and Knights, 1993), this chapter examines the relationship between the dynamics of corporate strategy and the gendered nature of work.


Due to the shortcomings of low communication speed and high data error rate in the domestic film laboratory monitoring system,a scheme of enhanced monitoring system based on CAN-bus was proposed.On the basis of traditional monitoring systems based on CAN-bus,reasonable hardware interface circuits of the CAN-bus communication network were built,and the CAN-bus communication protocol of application layer was user-defined,improving CAN-bus's communication speed and operation efficiency.Meanwhile,the principle of data checksum is applied,and validation software of data security was designed based on LabVIEW,realizing transmission data's security encryption and decode,and solving communication interference problems effectively.Real time,security and stability of film laboratory monitoring system are enhanced greatly.The running results show that the system is stable,real-time and strong tracking.


PurposeBased on organizational information processing theory, this research explores how big data analytics capability (BDAC) contributes to green supply chain integration (GSCI) and the contingency role that data-driven decision culture plays.Design/methodology/approachUsing the two-wave survey data collected from 317 Chinese manufacturing firms, the authors validate the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that big data managerial capability has positive impacts on three dimensions of GSCI, while big data technical capability has positive impacts on green internal and customer integration. Moreover, green internal integration mediates the impacts of big data technical capability and managerial capability on green supplier and customer integration. Finally, data-driven decision culture alleviates the positive impacts of big data technical and managerial capability on green internal integration.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that firms can leverage big data technical and managerial capability to enhance information processing capability for achieving a higher degree of GSCI. Further, the critical role of data-driven decision culture in affecting the link between BDAC and GSCI should not be overlooked.Originality/valueThis research contributes to literature on green supply chain management by revealing the role of BDAC in improving GSCI.


Abstract In this paper we discuss some properties of counting distributions whose discrete density satisfies a recursion in the form with pn = 0 for n < 0 and present an algorithm for recursive evaluation of corresponding compound distributions.


The invention relates to a method of metal coating fibers by a liquid. In this method, a fiber (3) is pulled through a bath of liquid metal melt (15) to be coated with the latter, the liquid metal bath (15) being held in a crucible (9) of the type "levitation" which at least partly eliminates the contact between the liquid metal and the crucible (9). The bath (15) is supplied with metal. during the process, a metal powder (16) .With the invention, the supply of the molten metal bath is simple and effective.


This work was funded by the National Science Foundation through the NSF-AIR Program grant no. 1237873 and National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center on Structured Organic Particulate Systems, through Grant NSF-ECC 0540855. I also received the support of the Sloan Minority Ph.D. Program.


Epidural spinal cord stimulation has been shown to facilitate locomotion in paralyzed rats, cats, and humans. Little is known, however, about how this mode of stimulation affects the functional properties of spinal networks. Herein, we report a technique to assess functional connectivity along the spinal axis via evoked potentials generated on the epidural surface using a custom flexible polyimide microelectrode array in anesthetized non-injured adult rats. Three specific responses were observed with varying latencies and amplitudes based on the recording and stimulation sites. This proof of concept study will allow us to design and implant devices chronically to record spinal cord evoked potentials while paralyzed rats perform functional tasks.


Abstract Rationale: We present the first case of a patient with severe aortic stenosis who developed anaphylactic shock and was successfully treated with adrenaline and landiolol, a highly selective β1-receptor blocker, to prevent disruption of the myocardial oxygen supply–demand balance caused by tachycardia. Patient concerns: An 86-year-old woman was scheduled for simultaneous anterior–posterior fixation for a burst fracture of the 12th thoracic vertebra; 200 mg sugammadex, a neuromuscular blocking agent antagonist, was administered postoperatively, and she was extubated without complications. However, 6 min after extubation, her blood pressure decreased abruptly to 55/29 mm Hg, and her heart rate increased to 78 bpm. Then, we intervened with fluid loading, an increased dose of noradrenaline, and phenylephrine administration. However, her blood pressure did not increase. Diagnoses: A general observation revealed urticaria on the lower leg; thus, we suspected anaphylactic shock due to sugammadex administration. Interventions: We carefully administered 2 doses of 0.05 mg adrenaline and simultaneously administered landiolol at 60 μg/kg/min to suppress adrenaline-induced tachycardia. Adrenaline administration resulted in a rapid increase in blood pressure to 103/66 mm Hg and a maximum heart rate of 100 bpm, suppressing excessive tachycardia. Outcomes: The patient's general condition was stable after the intervention, and circulatory agonists could be discontinued the following day. She was discharged from the intensive care unit on the fourth postoperative day. Lessons: Landiolol may help control the heart rate of patients with aortic stenosis and anaphylactic shock. The combined use of landiolol and adrenaline may improve patient outcomes; however, their efficacy and risks must be evaluated by studying additional cases.


The lethality of sp-1 type High Power Microwawe(HPM)bomb to conventional radar is discussed in the paper.Some data about lethal area and height of airblast are also presented.


The invention relates to positive and negative plates for a lithium-ion battery. A positive plate substrate is aluminum foil; a negative plate substrate is copper foil; the aluminum foil is coated with a layer of positive material in advance and then coated with a layer of lithium iron phosphate before the positive plate is fabricated; and the copper foil is coated with a layer of negative material in advance and then coated with lithium titanate before the negative plate is fabricated. A large-particle size material is introduced into a positive electrode as a pre-coating, so that contact of the lithium iron phosphate material and the aluminum foil is improved; contact resistance is reduced; and the power characteristic is improved. Meanwhile, the large-particle size material is relatively high in voltage, and can be used for cushion protection when over-charging, so that the lifetime is prolonged and the security feature is improved. A high-potential lithium titanate material is introduced into a negative electrode as an outer coating, so that the safety performance of the negative plate is improved; and the fast charging capability of the negative plate is improved. The lithium titanate material is relatively high in potential, and can be used for cushion protection when over-discharging, so that the lifetime is prolonged and the security feature is improved.


Background: To determine whether the severity of stable thoraco-lumbosacral trauma is useful to decide on brace type in orthopedic treatment. Methods: Retrospective study (16 years). Inclusion criteria: 1) Minimum follow-up: 2 years. 2) Complete plain radiological studies. 3) No Litigation. 4) TLSO custommade treatment for high kinetic energy trauma and prefabricated orthoses for low energy lesions. 5) Treatment performed or supervised by the senior author. Evaluation by independent observers of Geometric Parameters (sagittal Cobb, vertebral kyphosis, anterior vertebral collapse) initially and at follow-up, and Functional Parameters (SRS pain scale, Oswestry Index, Return to Previous Activity). Subdivision of different fracture types (AO and Denis classifications) in High (Group A) and Low Energy (Group B) according to the amount of kinetic energy. Comparison with a control group. Statistical analysis: Chi square and Student t-test. 41 patients were studied (44 fractures, 23 females/18 males), 25 fractures were Group A and 19 Group B. Average age: 46 years (12-83). Average follow-up: 4.5 years (2.2-15.5). Predominant site: T11 L2; predominant types: A (AO), or compression and burst (Denis). Results: There were no significant differences between the initial and follow-up measurements. The only significant difference between groups was found in the initial vertebral kyphosis. However, differences always existed Recibido el 13-4-2010. Aceptado luego de la evaluacion el 8-3-2011. Correspondencia: Dr. PATRICIO MANZONE email@example.com Rev Asoc Argent Ortop Traumatol Ano 76, pp. 29-40 Manzone y cols. Rev Asoc Argent Ortop Traumatol 30 when comparing the geometric parameters between the control group and groups A and B, and between the control group and each type of fracture (AO / Denis) subdivided into high and low energy. The final functional parameters' scores were always good, with significant variations between groups A and B. Conclusions: 1) A satisfactory functional result in stable thoraco-lumbosacral injuries is possible by selecting the type of brace according to the kinetic energy involved. 2) Results appear to be better in High Energy Trauma treated with custom-made orthoses. 3) However, the orthotic treatment according to trauma energy does not change the sagittal radiographic parameters.


The advancement of science, as outlined by Popper and Kuhn, is largely qualitative, but with bibliometric data, it is possible and desirable to develop a quantitative picture of scientific progress. Furthermore, it is also important to allocate finite resources to research topics that have the growth potential to accelerate the process from scientific breakthroughs to technological innovations. In this paper, we address this problem of quantitative knowledge evolution by analyzing the APS data sets from 1981 to 2010. We build the bibliographic coupling and co-citation networks, use the Louvain method to detect topical clusters (TCs) in each year, measure the similarity of TCs in consecutive years, and visualize the results as alluvial diagrams. Having the predictive features describing a given TC and its known evolution in the next year, we can train a machine learning model to predict future changes of TCs, i.e., their continuing, dissolving, merging, and splitting. We found the number of papers from certain journals, the degree, closeness, and betweenness to be the most predictive features. Additionally, betweenness increased significantly for merging events and decreased significantly for splitting events. Our results represent the first step from a descriptive understanding of the science of science (SciSci), towards one that is ultimately prescriptive.


Objective Analyze the characteristics of prostitute murders in order to provide references for forensic examination and investigation.Methods The crime scene and autopsy data of 100 cases occurring between 2005-2010 were studied retrospectively with epidemiologic description.Results Prostitute murders mainly took place at 9:00pm-3:00am in the city.Peak months of occurrence were April and July.Indoor crime scenes occupied 85.0% of all cases.The age of 95.0% cases ranged from 16 to 40 years old.Hemorrhagic shock and mechanical asphyxia were main causes of deaths,occupied 59.0% and 38.1% respectively.With or without uterine congestion was associated with the degree of mechanical asphyxia.Indoor crime scenes with weapons,counterreconnaissance behaviors and without used condoms expressed the information of acquaintance violence.Percentage correct of the logistic equation was 80.5%.Conclusion The time,place and victim's characteristics of prostitute murders are concentrative.Detailed autopsy of uterus is important for the analysis of victim's identity and cause of death.The result of logistic regression is referenced for crime scene analysis.


The thermodynamic sensors (TDS) can be used for characterization and monitoring of thermal processes in
thermodynamic systems. The basic idea of thermodynamic sensor is possible to use in many various
applications. One of application areas, where the thermodynamic sensor can find the new area for a using, is a
production of milk products - cheese, yogurt, kefir, etc. These milk products are often realized by fermenting or
renneting process. Ends of fermentation or renneting processes are often determined on the base of sensory
evaluation. The simple non-analytical method for determination of process end doesn't exist in this time. Tests of
renneting process, yoghurt process and fermentation process was characterized and measured with
thermodynamic sensor. First results of simple experiments are shoving, that the thermodynamic sensors will be
possible to use for determination of time behavior of these processes. This paper deals with the simple
experiments for characterization and monitoring of basic operations in milk production process by
thermodynamic sensors.


Assessing occupational inhalation exposure to airborne nano-objects, their agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) is a challenge due to the multiple possibilities to measure them in the absence of regulation. The size range of NOAA is very wide, from sub-100 nm nanoparticles to micron-sized agglomerates and aggregates. Consequently, a suite of middle to high costs direct-reading instruments are commonly used to determine airborne NOAA concentrations in workplaces. Due to the high cost of such devices, measurements with high spatial resolution are not feasible. New Low-Cost Sensors (LCS) have emerged since the last ten years, providing a high degree of compactness, a high time resolution and a reduced price (<200 €). Consequently, these sensors offer new possibilities to assess workers' exposure during their activity. Since these sensors are typically calibrated for the measurement of ambient PM concentrations, their use in workplaces may be limited due to different particle properties or when faced with medium to high occupational mass concentrations. In order to study the applicability of LCS for NOAA dust concentration measurements in workplaces, a pre-normative research project has been initiated. Six different sensor types have been tested, namely Plantower PMS 7003, Nova Fitness SDS011, Alphasense OPC-R1, Sensirion SPS30 and Groupe Tera Next PM and Next PM-CR. 9 NOAA powders were involved to produce the test aerosols in a low-speed wind tunnel. The results show that sensors output vary strongly with the powder's nature. In addition, the PM fractions from the LCS are correlated to the PM fractions measured by the reference method.


Objectives: The objectives of this study is to evaluate the incidence of maternal deaths, causes responsible for maternal mortality, direct and indirect factors, and various preventable methods to reduce maternal mortality rate. Background: 95% of maternal deaths occur in Asia and Africa. The need for undertaking this study is to know the maternal mortality rate, analyze the causes and preventable factors of death occurring in the district of Bijapur, Karnataka, India. Methodology: It is a study of 2years from the Records of District Health Office and Institutions on maternal mortality from June 2011 to May 2013 in Bijapur. Results: In two years there were fifty eight maternal deaths and seventy nine thousand five hundred and sixty six live births, hence maternal mortality ratio was seventy three per lakh live births. Eighty two percent of maternal deaths occurred in families who belonged to Below Poverty Line. Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 79.3%. Severe anemia (Hemoglobin <7g%) seen in 5.1% was the most common indirect cause of death. Forty three percent of the deaths occurred at private setups. Hemorrhage, Septicemia and Preeclampsia & Eclampsia were responsible for 44.82%, 15.51% and 6.89% respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the maternal deaths are preventable if these four delays are avoided: a) Delay in identifying the problem. b) Delay in seeking care. c) Delay in reaching the referral institute. d) Delay in getting treatment on reaching the


The integration of advanced telephone technologies, computer communication networks, data base technology, and electronically assisted detection of objects is studied in the paper. The developed solution offers several promising applications. The system is in two parts: a detection module and an interactive voice response module.


This article discusses the ideas about Alisher Navai's tradition of creating works which were creatively continued by poets such as Muhammad Sharif Shavqiy, Munis, Ogahiy, Amiriy, Nodira.


Simple Summary There is evidence to suggest that reproductive factors play an important role in women's future cancer risk, particularly hormone-dependent malignancies such as breast cancer. However, some controversy remains regarding their effect on any cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the risk of any cancer in a nested case-control study of fertile women living in northeast Scotland in relation to: total number of pregnancies, cumulative time pregnant, age at first pregnancy and interpregnancy interval. Women who were older at first delivery had an increased risk of breast and gastrointestinal cancer, and a reduced risk of cancers of the respiratory tract and uterine cervix, including carcinoma in situ. These findings warrant the investigation of mechanisms underpinning these associations. Abstract We assessed the risk of any and site-specific cancers in a case-control study of parous women living in northeast Scotland in relation to: total number of pregnancies, cumulative time pregnant, age at first delivery and interpregnancy interval. We analysed 6430 women with cancer and 6430 age-matched controls. After adjustment for confounders, women with increasing number of pregnancies had similar odds of cancer diagnosis as women with only one pregnancy. The adjusted odds of cancer diagnosis were no higher in women with cumulative pregnancy time 50–150 weeks compared to those pregnant ≤ 50 weeks. Compared with women who had their first delivery at or before 20 years of age, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) among those aged 21–25 years was 0.81, 95% CI 0.74, 0.88; 26–30 years AOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69, 0.86; >30 years AOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55, 0.73. After adjustment, the odds of having any cancer were higher in women who had an inter-pregnancy interval >3 years compared to those with no subsequent pregnancy (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.30). Older age at first pregnancy was associated with increased risk of breast and gastrointestinal cancer, and reduced risk of invasive cervical, carcinoma in situ of the cervix and respiratory cancer.


The retina is approximately 0.5 mm thick and lines the back of the eye. The optic nerve contains the ganglion cell axons running to the brain and, additionally, incoming blood vessels that open into the retina to vascularize the retinal layers and neurons (Fig. 2). A radial section of a portion of the retina reveals that the ganglion cells (the output neurons of the retina) lie innermost in the retina closest to the lens and front of the eye, and the photosensors (the rods and cones) lie outermost in the retina against the pigment epithelium and choroid. Light must, therefore, travel through the thickness of the retina before striking and activating the rods and cones (Fig. 2). Subsequently the absorbtion of photons by the visual pigment of the photoreceptors is translated into first a biochemical message and then an electrical message that can stimulate all the succeeding neurons of the retina. The retinal message concerning the photic input and some preliminary organization of the visual image into several forms of sensation are transmitted to the brain from the spiking discharge pattern of the ganglion cells.


A protective film removal apparatus and a collective method for chemical solution, and storage medium are provided to collect a chemical solution with a collective ratio and to recycle an expensive removing solution by using an anti-volatilization solution. A collective line communicates with atmosphere around a substrate in order to collect a mixed chemical solution including a removing solution and a chemical solution containing the removing solution and a solution of a protective layer dissolved in the removing solution. An intermediate tank(80) is connected to an end of an outlet of the collective line. A first supply unit supplies an anti-volatilization solution having specific gravity smaller than specific gravity of the mixed chemical solution to the intermediate tank. A transfer line(85) has an end of an inlet which is connected to the intermediate tank. The transfer line includes a valve. A collective tank(90) is connected to an end of an outlet of the transfer line. A solution amount monitoring unit monitors the amount of a solution contained in the intermediate tank. A control unit(9) supplies the solution of the intermediate tank to the collective tank by opening the valve of the transfer line when deciding the amount of the solution of the intermediate tank as the predetermined amount on the basis of a monitored result. A second supply unit supplies the volatilization preventing solution to a removing solution supply nozzle.


PSALM 84 MAY BE READ BY CHRISTIANS as both the joyful experience of the pilgrims of Israel on their way to worship in Jerusalem and as the experience of the church in pilgrimage (cf. Heb . 13:14) toward the eternal life promised by its Lord. All who consider themselves sojourners have need of joyful worship and praise in order to persevere in lives of faith. Such worship is described by the letter to the Hebrews and by the Christian phi losopher and sociologist, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, as "fruit of lips" (cf. Heb . 13:15; The Fruit of Lips: Or Why Four Gospels [Pittsburgh: Pickwick, 1978] 9ff ). While Rosenstock-Huessy unders tands scripture as the "lips" of God and the worshiper as the "fruit" of those lips, the Book of Hebrews indicates that "fruit of lips" is the "confession" of the risen Lord which Christians offer u p as their "sacrifice of praise" to God. In worship, the praises of Psalm 84, which come as and from the fruit of lips, invite the church to break forth into confession and doxology a round its Lord.


We aim to build a denotational semantics for the functional logic programming language Curry, to be used for parametricity and logical relation arguments. First, we investigate only a subset of Curry, but include the important features that separate Curry from a just functional language. We compare a poweralgebraic and a multialgebraic semantic approach and motivate our decision for the multialgebraic one. Afterwards, we describe how general recursion and lists, as an example for algebraic data types, can be added.


An effort is made to construct an interactive design aid environment with a highly semantic description facility and a logically effective verification facility for increasing software productivity oriented toward reutilization. The proposed method for design simulation is a semantic technique, based on an effective human interface in the entity model constructive process. The system helps human beings to understand and verify during the design process. This can be achieved by semantically representing an entity model and performing predicate calculus on its entity characteristics, using rule-based inference from the database for software conceptual description. Application examples are presented.<<ETX>>


"Hypotheses are nets; only he who casts them will catch. Was not the discovery of America the result of a hypothesis? Long, and above all, live the hypothesis – Only she will stay forever new, no matter how often she defeats herself." Psychology is ever to become anything more than a mere aggregation of opinions, it can only be by the establishment of some datum universally agreed to." abstract theoretical constructs. Some examples: Phoneme representation, working memory, mental lexicon, cognitive load, attention, motor program, predisposition, competence, information processing, true effect, and the most important one, event probability. These are all theoretical propositions used to describe constituents of reality and the laws that connect them in a theoretical framework, formalism, or philosophy. A curious thing happens when you their many cases you Try


Present DS-3 optical interfaces convert the Bell compatible bipolar signal from a multiplexer to a scrambled NRZ format prior to driving the laser transmitter. Bipolar optical transmission is now a reasonable alternative to scrambled NRZ transmission due to improved sources which possess increased linearity, lower thresholds, and better temperature stability. This paper discribes the advantages, disadvantages, and system considerations of a bipolar optical interface.


In view of the growing threat of space debris and the limitation of current debris removal method. A novel conceptual solution for multiple space debris removal is proposed, and a low-cost and miniaturized removal system is designed in this paper. And the structural composition of this removal system is designed and the space debris removal process is introduced, the system can be divided into two components including satellite platform and many mission CubeSats. The mission CubeSats can be re-launched into the transfer orbits of different space debris through a push-launch method, and the fuel consumptions on the removal mission for three space debris, using the proposed multiple removal system and traditional removal system are calculated and compared. The compared results demonstrated that the proposed solution for multiple space debris removal and the designed removal system can decrease the fuel consumptions effectively.


In this supplementary material, we share our code and provide additional insights and experimental results that were not included in the main paper due to space constraints. In Section A we describe the implementation code for generating SyViC and the code for the proposed finetuning approach on SyViC. In Section B, we analyze the performance of recently open-sourced VL models on VL-Checklist [18] and show they have low performance, demonstrating the need for our improvements. In Section C, we provide additional results on Winoground [13] using CyCLIP [7] (excluded from the main text for space purposes). Section D demonstrates how we can improve BLIP [8] using SyViC. In Section E, we combine our contributions with those of concurrent work of [6] and demonstrate that our approach for improving VLC using synthetic data is orthogonal / complementary to the text-augmentation based methods. Section F provides more dataset details, describing how the metadata from each synthesized scene is used to generate a caption for each image in SyViC. In Section G, we explore combinations of our metadata-driven grammar-based caption generation with paraphrasing using openly available large language models. Section H provides "SyViC number of models and number of samples" ablation excluded from the main paper due to lack of space. Finally, in Section I we provide some randomly sampled examples from SyViC.


In the early twentieth century a whole subgenre of sociological-political treatises purporting to analyse the mass mind emerged all over Europe. Examining in detail the surprising similarities between modernist literature and these theories of crowd psychology, this study challenges the accepted view of the character of literary modernism. Through careful reading of major works of Joyce, Woolf, Eliot and Yeats, it shows that many modernist literary forms in all these authors emerged out of efforts to write in the idiom of the crowd mind. Modernism was not a rejection of mass culture, but rather an effort to produce a mass culture, to produce a culture distinctive to the twentieth century.


The makeup of flavor kitchen and the working principle of industrial weighing system were introduced.Taking OIML R76 international metrological regulation of weighing apparatus as a standard and the relative error of casing weighing below 0.9% as control target,the capacity of flavor material tank and inter-mediate metering tank was analyzed and calculated,their acceptable spans of measurement were 600 kg and 150 kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the operational procedure of the weighing system was designed according to the maximum volume of each liquid casing material to be stored in the tank and the minimum output in a single batch to be weighed.The industrial weighing system ensured the blend precision of minor ingredient in flavor formulation.


This study examined three types of motivation—autonomous, controlled and impersonal (Deci & Ryan, 1985)—in relation to life satisfaction and hope in a sample of persons living in transitional housing in central Indiana. It was hypothesized that life satisfaction and hope would be positively related to autonomous motivation and negatively related to impersonal motivation. Further, the relationship between life satisfaction, hope, and controlled motivation was explored. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. While hypotheses were not supported, other important relationships were found in the data, such as interesting directional differences and correlations. How these findings may be particularly relevant to the homeless population are discussed.


Gabor filtering is known as a function model of the primary visual cortex in the brain. It is also known as a powerful feature extraction method for image recognition. This paper presents an image processing system using the dedicated Gabor-filtering LSI that we have already developed based on a merged analog-digital architecture. The Gabor-filtering LSI is controlled by an FPGA connected with a personal computer and a camera. The developed system can successfully output a Gabor impulse response with even and odd functions, and also detect a stripe-pattern image with a given direction in real time.


Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recently identified members of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family. These cells are capable of producing Th2-type cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 in response to epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 and play critical roles in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. Further investigations on ILC2s will enhance the better understanding of type 2 immune responses and may provide new strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma. In this review, we focus on the origin, location and biological function of ILC2s as well as their possible roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Key words:
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells; Bronchial asthma


The radiation pattern synthesis of dielectric rod waveguides with many corrugations is investigated. The guided waves are related in the form of a 2-port circuit and the radiation field is expressed by superposition of waves from the corrugations, so that the radiation pattern can be calculated in a very short time. This expression can be used in a genetic algorithm (GA) to seek the optimum arrangement of corrugations. Synthesized radiation patterns calculated using the 2-port circuit method compare well with patterns synthesised by the FDTD method. Conical beams and spherical sector beams can be synthesized. In the synthesized pattern, there are no unnecessary large lobes such as the grating lobe from a periodic waveguide. The experimental radiation patterns agree well with the synthesized patterns with small difference.


This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as:Prabhakar H, Bindra A, Singh GP, Kalaivani M. Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment ofrefractory status epilepticus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD009202.DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009202.pub2.


Abstract Two simple soil moisture models useful for drought monitoring and climate change studies were proposed, based on 4-yr ground observations of root-zone soil moisture in Sahelian Niger. One is a water balance model that calculates soil moisture using daily precipitation and temperature; the other is a statistical model, a modified antecedent precipitation index calculated using only daily precipitation. Both models estimated seasonal and interannual variations in the observed soil moisture quantitatively well; the estimations correlated strongly (0.94) with the observations.


Removal of an anatomical segment is not pleasant for anyone; perhaps even more so in leprosy patients because of disease stigma. Amputation has an immediate relation to social dependence and handicap. The loss of a once normal part of the body is regarded by both the person and society as a detrimental event. In contrast, children with some upper limb congenital anomalies do not regard this as 'abnormal' until later in life when society, sometimes even parents, impose on them the concept that they are 'different'. Amputation may have a very negative impact on someone's life as well as carry many symbolic representations, from pity to repulsion, encompassing guilt and resignation, both from the amputee and their social partners. However, amputations are valuable surgical procedures, life-preserving and, strange as it sounds, a choice for certain rehabilitation processes. Amputation has a place in the management of disability in leprosy. Amazingly, it can be the bridge from dependence and depression to full social integration including economical participation. To have these positive results, it should be properly indicated, carefully performed and, most importantly, adequately managed and supported by competent prosthetic services. Indications for amputation in leprosy are few and very specific. They are mostly restricted to the lower limbs, as in the general population, in whom over 85% of amputations occur in this part of the body. Primary indications for amputation are long-standing consequences of plantar ulcers and severe bone/joint disintegration. Although infrequent, malignant transformation in plantar ulcers is a mandatory indication. It should also be considered in severe bone/joint disorganisation due to neuropathic disintegration associated with plantar ulcers and contractures. The patient should be fully and explicitly involved in the decision for amputation since it is their limb that will be removed. Furthermore, a patient's participation in the post-surgical fitting period is even more important than the surgeon's skill in performing the amputation. The indications for amputation vary with the surgeon's personal preference and the cultural and technological surroundings, the latter in respect of prosthetic services and long-term maintenance of prosthesis. One should remember that fitting a shoe on an insensitive foot is far easier than fitting a prosthesis on an anaesthetic amputated leg and not the reverse as some unmindful


We examine the impact of revocation of tariff exemptions on exports of developing countries, using data from the cases of Competitive Needs Limits (CNL) built into the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). CNLs are arguably imposed on super competitive GSP beneficiaries and aim to limit their exporting capacity. We exploit the variation in the timing of the implementation of the CNLs across countries to identify the impact. We find that being excluded from the GSP due to a CNL induces a large and significant drop in imports from excluded countries, both in value and in their share in imports from all sources. Contrary to the policy objectives of CNLs, the excluded countries do not appear to be super competitive. In addition, we find some evidence of exporters increasing their exports of related products to the US after the CNL exclusion applies. Finally, our findings suggest that much of the benefits of CNLs accrue to non-GSP countries, rather than other GSP beneficiaries.


This article investigates the quality of peace in armed conflicts that occurred in the Southeast Asia region. The authors compared the cases of Aceh, where the armed conflict between the Free Aceh Movement or GAM and the government of Republic Indonesia ended peacefully with the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding, with the conflict in the southern Philippines, where a peace agreement, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, was successfully achieved between the government of Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. This research employed document analysis to analyse the peace settlement documents of both parties and the derivative laws of the agreed settlements, as well as other relevant sources as the secondary data. All documents and sources were processed through the NVivo 12 application. The findings revealed that in both Aceh and Bangsamoro, the quality of peace is far from significant, for not all the terms of the agreements had been realised and there was still mutual suspicion prevailing between the two fighting parties. Therefore, what had been agreed upon in the Aceh and Bangsamoro post-conflict agreements must be accomplished as they should be in order to create a lasting peace, thereby allowing the people to experience a sufficient quality peace together.


In the present study, we try to determine if the dynamics of the B-DNA backbone phosphates (and especially their interconversions between their two distinct conformations BI and BII) are fast enough to be sufficiently sampled in the course of molecular dynamics simulations in the nanosecond time range. For this purpose, we performed twelve 10-ns simulations of the Drew−Dickerson dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 to investigate the dynamics of BI/BII interconversion. We forced the DNA backbone angles e and ζ with restraints to values that are characteristic for BI and BII, resulting in DNA double helices with all phosphates in the BI or BII substate. These restraints were removed after 10 ns, and unrestrained simulations at temperatures of 250, 275, 287.5, 300, and 325 K were performed for another 10 ns, which allowed us to analyze the dynamics of relaxation in detail. These simulations were compared to simulations of the undisturbed dodecamer at 250 and 300 K, as a reference for the equilibrated state. We found ...


The positional adjustment of a bed can potentially contribute to better sleep and alleviation of discomfort associated with a variety of medical conditions. As most studies in this area have focused on inclined sleeping for therapeutic purposes, understanding the impact of postural change on improving sleep among healthy individuals requires further research. This study compared sleep in an inclined position on an adjustable bed base to participants' prior sleep on their original bed bases.

 Healthy adults (61% female, ages 23-60) willing to sleep at an incline participated in an 8-week field study, using a pre-post intervention design. During the 4-week baseline period, participants used their regular bed base at home. During the 4-week intervention period, they used the Mattress Firm 600 Adjustable Base at home with head and/or feet raised (not flat). Sleep was measured objectively using SleepScore Max every night and by daily and pre-post self-report. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance.

 There were over 1,100 nights of tracked sleep across 26 participants. Objective sleep measurements showed many nightly improvements during the intervention compared to baseline: increased time in bed (+21 minutes, p=.003), total sleep time (+21 minutes, p=.001), and REM (+5 minutes, p=.009); less WASO, both in duration (-3 minutes, p=.046) and proportion of the night (p=.015); fewer awakenings (p=.034); and better sleep maintenance (p=.014). Improvements also were observed in 3 objective sleep quality measures: SleepScore, BodyScore, and MindScore (ps<.05).Self-report measures revealed greater comfort and enjoyment when using the adjustable base, as well as perceived improvement in a variety of outcomes, including time to fall asleep and falling asleep within a preferred amount of time, ability to sleep through the night, sleep duration, sleep quality and satisfaction, and feeling more rested in the morning (ps<.05).

 Objectively-measured sleep and self-reported sleep improved in duration and quality when using the adjustable base compared to healthy adults' original bed bases. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative self-report results suggested that the intervention was perceived as a comfortable and enjoyable experience.

 Mattress Firm INC


Air and water cooling is being used as a potential source to the metal cutting industries for a long running job to minimizing the heat generation at the tool tip. Very limited work is available on 3D modeling of cutting zone using CFD. The Present paper will give an innovative approach for sustainable manufacturing operation, The materials used for cutting tool insert and work piece are CNMG Tungsten Carbide insert and Aluminum silicon (Al 6061) alloy respectively. In first phase experimental investigation has been carried out by turning process and the temperature values are recorded and it is followed by the orthogonal cutting operation using a single point cutting tool is modeled using finite element analysis and the temperature gradient at the tool tip is analyzed and compared with experimental results. In the second phase, the temperature obtained in the primary phase was used as input for modeling the temperature at the cutting zone by introducing the coolants. Fluid structure interaction (FSI) model developed to investigate the behavior of thermal stresses using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Air and water are used as coolants assuming dry and wet machining conditions at the cutting zone. This methodology will give the novel approach for validating the different coolants in metal cutting process.


Identification of human based on iris has gained increased attention in recent years. The paper focuses on novel and efficient approach of partial iris based recognition of human using pupil circle region growing and binary integrated edge intensity curve which defeats the difficulties of eyelids occlusions. The experimental results are obtained on CASIA database version-1 and show good performance with EER of 5.14%. The advantage of the proposed approach is its computational simplicity and good recognition accuracy as it avoids the eyelids portion from the iris region for further processing.


This paper presents the design and development of Calculator software for residential electrical services design. The software was developed using Java programming language and it serves as a valuable design tool for electrical engineers, students and technicians by providing a faster, easier and more accurate means of carrying out some basic calculations such as; determination of number of lighting fixtures required in a room, the design current and power required per final sub-circuit, the total connected load, voltage drop across chosen cables and load balancing across the three phases of a three-phase supplied building. The results of these calculations help the designer to make vital decisions such as types of luminaries, sizes of cables and nominal ratings of protective devices required by each circuit and by the entire installation in line with appropriate standards and regulations.


Presents a list of significant studies in the field of eugenics published during the year 2001. Availability of 3200 published books in the Online Computer Library Center search; Results of video recordings search in 2000; Selection of books and video recordings on eugenics in 2000.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of"Malong Sizi Decoction"in the treatment of metapneumonic cough. Methods Eighty-two subjects were randomized into two groups: control group in which 41 cases were treated with Dextromethorphan Syrup and Loratadine,and treatment group in which 41 cases were treated with"Malong Sizi Decoction",with a course of 14 days. The clinical efficacy was observed. Results For cough,the overall effective rate was 97. 56% in the treatment group and 80. 49% in the control group,with a difference between the two groups( P 0. 05); for comprehensive efficacy,the overall effective rate was 100. 00% in the treatment group and 82. 93% in the control group,with a difference between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion "Malong Sizi Decoction"is quite effective for metapneumonic cough.


We present a review and an analysis on the children (minors') adoption for homosexual partners, as well as a proposal orientated to clarifying this controversial topic. We check the results of the investigation carried out up to the moment on the development of the children of homosexual and lesbian. We mention the official opinion of professionals' associations. Also we review the opinions against the homosexual partners' adoption and the literature that supports it. We conclude that there are no significant differences in the development of the children raised for homosexual and for heterosexuals and therefore there is no scientific reason opposed to the children adoption on part of homosexual partners.


Construction effects on pile-soil systems arise from the process of installing displacement piles. This study conducted a comprehensive field test program complemented with laboratory tests to observe the performance of jacking open-ended concrete pipe piles into silt deposits. The jacked piles were examined in a plugged mode during installation. Direct observation on the soil plugs reveal that their formation generally accords with the stratigraphic nature of the layered soils. Soil-arching behavior during pile penetration causes the soil in the shear zone along the inner pipe wall to mainly come from the uppermost layer of the deposit. Laboratory tests on the soil plug shows evident compaction and the tendency increased strength over time. The buildup of the excess pore pressure and radial total stress in the soil is sensitive to the jacking installation procedure. By taking into account the soil displacement related to the plugging degree, the captured peak excess pore pressure at a given horizon can be modeled by the cavity expansion theory that normally adapts to closed-ended pile. The jacking annulus resistance normalized by the cone tip resistance is independent of the penetration depth and the degree of plugging. A considerable portion of the annulus resistance is locked in the pile after installation, decreases a little during adjacent pile installation, and remains stable over a long period. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000638. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Concrete piles; Pipe piles; Field tests; Pore pressure; Jacking; Case studies. Author keywords: Concrete pipe piles; Field tests; Soil plugging; Pore water pressure; Jacking resistance.


Accidents are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children of 1 yr of age, and head trauma is the injury most responsible for death (1). Case series from multiple trauma centers report that 75–97% of trauma deaths in children are a result of head injury (2–4). The ability to provide an accurate prognosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can often be difficult. Studies have evaluated early proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (5), initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, length of coma, and duration of posttraumatic amnesia as predictors of outcome in children with TBI (6, 7). The Apolipoprotein E4 genotype in adults has also been described as having a strong association with poor outcome after TBI, implying a genetic susceptibility to the effect of brain injury (8). Many of these predictors lack sensitivity and specificity or are impractical to use. A serum marker that can be quickly measured and is highly accurate would be an attractive and valuable additional predictor of outcome after TBI in children. S-100 is a cytosolic calcium binding dimeric protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa. It contains two subunits, alpha and beta. S-100 / is found in striated muscle, heart, and kidney. S-100 / is found in glial cells and S-100 / (S100 ) is found predominantly in high concentrations in astroglial and Schwann cells. It is excreted in the urine, and the half-life has been approximated to be between 2 and 6 hrs (9). Experimental models evaluating the role of S-100 indicate that it is involved in calcium dependent mechanisms and that it may modulate complex neuronal-glial interactions (10 –12). In adults, S-100 has been documented as being elevated in the serum of patients with TBI, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (9, 13–16). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of S-100 have been recorded as being elevated in adults with acute multiple sclerosis exacerbations, intracranial tumors, acute encephalomyelitis, meningitis, spinal cord compression, hydrocephalus, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction (17). Serum levels of S-100 in adult studies have been shown to be predictive of poor outcome after TBI (9, 13–16). One study reported an S-100 level of 2.0 g/L to be an independent predictor of death (9). Reports of healthy neonates have documented normal serum levels of S-100 that are elevated compared with normal From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (PCS, TD, JH, LM, AR, MH) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HRD), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (TM). Supported, in part, by an Endowed Chair, Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, NIH NSP50-08803, and Nichols Institute Diagnostics. Copyright © 2003 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using metacognitive instructional strategy on Mathematical achievement and retention. The experimental group are trained and instructed to improve their metacognitive skills while the students in the control group received no treatment but taught by the traditional method in their normal lessons. The study adopts a quasi-experimental design with a target population of all secondary school students in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state, Nigeria. The sample consists of four secondary schools that are in grade A. Intact classes are used in order to avoid disruption of school activities. The experimental group which consists of 158 students (75 males and 83 females) were trained and instructed to improve their metacognitive skills. The students in the control group (142 students of which 68 are male and 74 are female). All students involved in the study were pre, post and retentively tested with forty items of the Secondary Mathematics Achievement test (SMAT). The results indicate that students in the metacognitive treatment group significantly improved in both post and retentive tests. It is recommended among others that mathematics teachers should encourage their students on the use of metacognitive instructional strategy in order to improve their performance in Mathematics.


The development level assessment and categorization of Croatian local and regional units is based on the value of the development index which is the main instrument of Croatian regional policy. The development index is a composite indicator calculated as a weighted average of five socio-economic indicators. The goal of this paper is to analyze the uncertainty and sensitivity of the development index that arise from the procedures and indicators used in its construction. This analysis is then used to propose useful guidelines for future impovements. The methodology of the Croatian regional development index has been critically reviewed, revealing problems of multicollinearity and the existence of outliers. An empirical and relatively more objective multivariate approach for weight selection has been proposed. The uncertainty and sensitivity analysis were conducted using Monte Carlo simulations and variance-based techniques. Instead of a unique point estimate for the development level of territorial units an alternative confidence interval approach was considered.


Two strains of one month-old Oreochromis niloticus namely CLSU (obtained from Central Luzon State University, Philippines) and NIFI (from National Inland Fisheries Institute, Thailand) were exposed to a sublethal mixture of 1.0 mg L Zn, 0.1 mg L Cd, and 0.01 mg L Hg for two months in aquaria. Another set served as control with only BFS tapwater in the aquaria. At the end of the exposure period the fish were grown for another 2 months in net cages in Laguna de Bay. During the exposure (aquarium) and grow-out (lake) phases, the uptake and elimination of the metals were determined by AAS. Accumulation of the metals peaked at 13.9 μg g Hg, 78.5 μg g Cd, and 1447.0 μg g -1 Zn for NIFI and 14.2 μg g Hg, 82.4 μg g Cd, and 1591.3 μg g Zn for CLSU lost 94.9% Hg, 98.76% Cd, and 89.99% Zn after two months in the lake. After the grow-out period, 2 females and 1 male of each strain were stocked in replicate polyethylene tanks. Time to first spawning, spawning frequency, fry production, and fry survival (after 30 days) were monitored. Results showed no significant effect of treatment and strain with respect to time to first spawning, spawning frequency, and mean fry survival. There was also no significant difference between the treatment and strain in mean fry production when dam weight was used as a covariate in the analysis. The results suggest that both strains of O. niloticus are resistant to long-term exposure to the metals. In addition, the elimination of the metals during the grow-out phase may have also diminished their effect on the breeders of the two strains.


Molecular dynamics calculations were performed on two liquid ionic solutions, M/sub 3/AX/sub 6/ and MA/sub 3/X/sub 10/, containing a total of about 500 ions. Four different sets of radii for the M/sup +/, A/sup 3 +/, and X/sup -/ ions were considered in a simplified Tosi--Fumi potential; the cation--anion distances were kept constant but the cation--anion radius ratios varied. These sets generated configurations in which the coordination of A/sup 3 +/ by X/sup -/ ranged from octahedral to tetrahedral. Our goal was to investigate typical complexing molten salt solutions such as fluoroyttriates and chloroaluminates. In all the melts studied, A/sup 3 +/ tended to have preferential even coordination numbers, 4 or 6, and to form independent AX/sup 3-//sup n//sub n/ moieties in very dilute solutions. As the concentration of AX/sub 3/ increased, these moieties became interconnected by close to linear A--X--A bridges to form larger species. In the octahedrally coordinated melts, this led to a three-dimensional network with intermediate range order and to the formation of bridged species containing A/sup 3 +/ equilateral triplets, even in M/sub 3/AX/sub 6/. In the tetrahedrally coordinated M/sub 3/AX/sub 6/ melts, the value for the equilibrium constant of 2AX/sup -//sub 4/ A/sub 2/X/sup -//submore » 7/ +X/sup -/ was found to be 4 x 10/sup -2/ which is close to the value obtained previously for MAX/sub 4/. Consequently, the A--X--A bridges were most stable in the octahedrally coordinated melts. For three of the four sets of ionic radii investigated, a composition dependent distribution of the coordination numbers of A/sup 3 +/ cations by X/sup -/ was observed.« less


We developed the project presented in this paper for an undergraduate computer architecture course specifically aimed at non-engineering students. The project is designed to develop understanding of processor organisation at the functional unit level by building a series software execution driven simulators, from a single cycle sequential processor to a simple pipelined processor. The students are lead through the functional design process step by step, in a succession of carefully structured tasks. The project starts by building functional units of a processor. These units are then used to construct a single cycle processor, a multi cycle processor, and finally a pipelined processor with data hazard detection and forwarding. The main goal of the project is to give students a true insight into the fundamental ideas, which are the basis of the development of the modern microprocessor.


There are currently few education research footholds to help instructors build on the strengths and interests of physical science majors when teaching astronomy courses. In this paper, we describe what we learned from interviews with members of the Astronomy Club at Texas State University. We conducted and analyzed interviews with eight students that focused on their interest in astronomy and participation in astronomy-related activities at Texas State. We focus on Club activities and how students benefit from their participation in those activities to identify what is culturally relevant to our student body. We find that students experience enjoyment, feel a sense of community, and develop professional skills through their participation in the Astronomy Club. We describe how this work was motivated by and ties in to a larger pedagogical framework of culturally relevant instruction, and consider how these results can inform the design of astrophysics courses.


Bicycle sharing schemes are gaining traction as an alternative or complementary mode of urban transport. In this paper, we explore the utility of an interactive web-based visual analytics application for comparing usage patterns between di↵erent bike sharing programs. We demonstrate the potential for adjustable filters on user demographics and trip characteristics to reveal di↵erences in ridership between cities. We also perform clique-detection and Louvain modularitybased community detection to reveal areas of high connectedness under di↵erent contexts. Our work utilizes the STDBSCAN algorithm in a novel context to cluster trips as a means of categorizing flow patterns. Finally, using publicly available data from bike share organizations, we conduct some experiments combining the data filters, algorithms and visualization. This preliminary work showcases the value of interactive visual analytics for highlighting notable di↵erences between established bike share systems that may help frame questions for future research or policymaking.


This paper describes the design of a novel multi-functional rescue end-effector with tonging, shearing and grasping capabilities to meet the demands of urban catastrophe rescue applications. The tonging and shearing form and the grasping form of the end-effector are analysed. The two forms are determined using the transformations of their grasping mechanisms. Four objectives (to maximize shearing space, minimize mass, minimize the equivalent stress and minimize deformation) are proposed for selection of the optimal grasping mechanism structure. Additional objectives also involve the end-effector's structural strength and kinematic characteristics. A nested optimization structure that is composed of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and finite element analysis is proposed to perform multi-domain and multi-objective optimization of the end-effector. To improve the optimization efficiency, a traditional synthesis technique and a sensitivity analysis are applied to reduce the outer and inner numbers of the design variables. Simulation results indicate that the values of the four target objectives are superior to those before optimization and two referenced objectives, and the end-effector mass in particular, can evidently be reduced.


John M. Goering, B.S. Fordham, 1962; M.A. Brown, 1964. "Class Consciousness and the Uprooted." William H. Groff, A.B. Franklin and Marshall, 1960; M.A. Connecticut, 1962. "A Comparative Analysis of White and Negro Fertility, 194060." Parker G. Marden, A.B. Bates College, 1961; M.A. Brown, 1964. "An Examination of Demographic and Ecological Factors Affecting the Distribution of Physicians in the United States." James W. Moorhead, B.A. Knox College, 1958; M.A. Northwestern, 1960. "Negro Metropolitan Migration in the United States." Peter A. Morrison, A.B. Dartmouth College, 1962. "Duration of Residence and Internal Migration: A Stochastic Model." Henry S. Mount, B.A. Eastern Nazarene College, 1962. "Mothers in the Labor Force."


Abstract : The goals of this work were multi-faceted, consistent with the various efforts supported by this work. Particular focus was placed on analysis of the scattering from rough ocean surfaces and comparison with experimental data. In collaboration with Prof. Mohsen Badiey of the University of Delaware, modeling efforts were expanded to include dynamic rough surface interface and near-surface bubble scattering. By continuing to expand and improve the capabilities of the numerical modeling methods, the long-term goal of this effort is to provide a useful tool for understanding the physical phenomena leading to variability in the acoustic propagation. The overall objective of this work was to study the response of the acoustic field in the presence of environmental variability, and to examine the relative effects of rough surfaces, volumetric perturbations (e.g., nonlinear internal waves, near-surface bubbles), and bottom topography.


This volume examines the social and economic factors of northern industrialization, social reform and black nationalism, all of which undergirded black women's political consciousness during the decades before the American Civil War.


The present invention relates to a test system for aircraft altitude and ambient Test methods for all turbocharged internal combustion engine, belonging to the technical field simulation test. The present invention will be tested in vivo powertrain in a capsule, using a low temperature manufacturing low temperature gas supply system, and conveyed to the test compartment through the air passage, and to create a low-temperature environment cabin altitude adapted; using ejector system the test cabin forced gas discharge, high-altitude low pressure environment simulation, the test environment closer to the engine to simulate real altitude environment, provides an efficient, reliable means of simulation test to verify performance of turbocharged internal combustion engine altitude aviation.


In this paper, we propose an implementation method of an integrated associative search for mathematical expressions. A large amount of information resources for technology and science field have been distributed in wide area networks. In order to realize a media data search for technology and science field corresponding to semantic contents, realization of the associative search method for mathematical expressions is important. This method consists of a similarity expression search function and a semantic associative search function based on the mathematical model of meaning. The similarity expression search realizes a similarity retrieval by user's queries given in some mathematical expressions or symbols. The semantic associative search realizes an associative retrieval by user's queries given in some words for mathematical expressions characterized by metadata represented in words corresponding to their features. This method can realize a multifaceted associative search for mathematical expressions by user's queries which consist of words and mathematical expressions. Applications of this work include some retrieval systems for technical report, academic paper, and libraries for numerical analysis.


Abstract : A homogeneous differential-difference-integral equation with constant coefficients and a convolution integral has an exponential solution (t) ezt if and only if z is the zero of a certain entire function. The asymptotic distribution of the zeros of such entire functions is discussed.


PMD35 SHORT TERM OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH A CHANGE IN REIMBURSEMENT FOR DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE Haley J, Rasu R University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA OBJECTIVES: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment that surgically implants vibrating probes in the brain to reduce symptoms. This study examined whether patient characteristics, hospital characteristics, or outcomes differ before and after a Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services National Coverage Decision (NCD) for DBS in PD. METHODS: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample for the years 2002-2004 was used for this analysis. HCUP is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. This observational, cross-sectional study examined 12-months before and after the 04/01/2003 NCD. Inpatient stays were identified using the PD ICD-9 code and the DBS CPT code. Multivariate analyses tested whether discharge status or length of stay (LOS) differed after the NCD. RESULTS: This study evaluated 460 inpatient stays for PD DBS. This population had a mean age of 63.19 (range, 32-87); was 66.09% male; and 84.13% of surgeries were in large hospitals. In the postperiod, patients were more likely to live in the South (p 0.0001); less likely to use a large hospital (p 0.0001); more likely to use hospitals doing fewer DBS procedures (p 0.001); and more likely to use physicians with fewer DBS procedures (p 0001). After adjusting for hospital and patient characteristics, multivariate analyses predicted that compared to the pre-period, discharge to a short/long term care facility rather than home was 3.671 times more likely to occur in the post-period [OR:3.671, CI(1.178-1.441)]; and predicted that longer LOS would occur in the post-period (Coefficient 0.3022, p 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that compared to before the Medicare benefit expansion, the patient population after the expansion experienced worse outcomes. Further research is needed to examine whether these differences remain over time to inform Policymakers about how and why outcomes may differ before and after a benefit expansion.


Object detection constitutes a large part of computer vision applications. You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 is a salient object detection algorithm that provides high accuracy and real-time performance. This paper illustrates a deployment scheme of YOLOv5 with inference optimizations on Nvidia graphics cards using an open-source deep-learning deployment framework named Triton Inference Server. Moreover, we developed a non-maximum suppression (NMS) operator with dynamic-batch-size support in TensorRT to accelerate inference. The experimental results show that both throughput and latency are improved significantly through our deployment scheme.


The real estate is influenced by global e-commerce trend like other trades. In order to solve the problem of high vacancy rate of commodity apartment on the real estate market at present and better meet consumer's demands, it requires the property firm be devoted to making the real estate combine with e-commerce and take the road to industry's innovation. The property firm should set up effective e-commerce mode and characteristic marketing system combined with e-commerce, set up a website cooperatively and offer high-quality online characteristic service for consumer and implement the estate management of times of e-commerce with other companies, set up brand-new intelligent network community's life model With the development of informationization, the combining of real estate and e-commerce will promote real estate and e-commerce to develop to higher level


In this study, flexural properties of 3D printed PLA beam specimens produced with different filling ratios, orientations and print temperatures are experimentally investigated. Various bending specimens were produced by means of 3D printer using PLA filament as raw material. Low, intermediate and high filling ratios, lengthwise/widthwise and crosswise filling orientations, and different print temperatures were chosen as alternative production parameters of the printer. Manufactured beam specimens were subjected to three-point bending tests at room temperature in accordance with the TS EN ISO 178 standard. Effects of production parameters on mechanical bending properties including flexural modulus, maximum flexural stress, flexural strain at break, maximum force, and maximum deflection are clearly shown and discussed to state reasonable explanations of test results and to make conclusive suggestions.


Organizational form of a movable assembly bushing-roller chains based on a stroke conveyor with automated workstations
(AWP) and automatic assembly posts (ASP) is considered. The assembly is carried out both on automatic modular
lines and on rotor-conveyor lines (RKL).


We address jointly the problem of IQ imbalance and PAPR in OFDM radars. IQ imbalance is known to cause severe distortion in OFDM receivers, manifesting itself as interference from one side of the received spectrum to the other side and vice versa. Various methods have been designed in the wireless communications context to estimate and compensate the receiver IQ imbalance. We adopt here a different approach where the radar waveform is designed to be robust against IQ imbalance. We derive an analytical criterion to achieve this robustness. In addition, we also show that this waveform design can be adapted to keep the OFDM waveform PAPR below 3dB, regardless of the number of sub-carriers, thereby relaxing the usual OFDM power amplifier back-off requirement. We validate the effectiveness of this joint design with simulation results.


This paper describes an approach for incremental learning of full body motion primitives from observation of human motion. An on-line approach for segmentation, clustering and sequential relationship learning of motion primitives is proposed. The approach is implemented and tested on the IRT humanoid robot.


Micro parts have become inevitable nowadays for a large number of applications in the areas such as space technology, medical science, nano technology, and electronics. This creates a significant need to develop new techniques, and machine tools for micro manufacturing. In the micromanufacturing process, the interfacial friction between the forming tool and the workpiece is uncertain. It has a significant impact on process workability, which is a key factor in material formability. In the current work microtribological behavior of hexagonal 2D-SnS2 nanosheets as lubricating additives is investigated. Upon the usage of nanoadditive lubricant in the extrusion of micro stepped pin, the extrusion force reduced significantly. Due to the presence of nanoadditives an increased surface quality in the extrudates was observed and it was further justified in the surface roughness results. The raise in temperature leads to more uniform hardness, with a significant reduction of coefficient of variation along with improved material formability. This research work provides a deeper understanding of the characteristics of nanoadditive lubricant and its tribological behavior in the microextrusion process.


---Image Segmentation with region growing technique, clustering neighbor's pixels and similar seed points otherwise adaptive thresholding create fixed blocks and find appropriate threshold values. Using images from Berkeley Segmentation Dataset (BSDS) is BSDS300, including 300 grayscale's images and 300 color's images, each of which has 200 training images and 100 testing images. The results are average performance measurement of precision, recall and FScore each of which has 0.437, 0.665, 0.525 for region growing method and 0.30, 0.525, 0.73 for adaptive thresholding method. While using watershed techniques, we obtained following values: 0.258, 0.488, and 0.333.


This research investigated the heat transfer in safe rooms exposed to bushfires and their bushfire resistance using full-scale laboratory and out-door experimental studies of external wall systems and a safe room, and associated advanced numerical studies. It has advanced the knowledge and understanding of the heat transfer and the performance of the critical external building envelope and the safe rooms with different configurations exposed to bushfire flame conditions. Suitable solutions and methodologies have been proposed, addressing various complexities and challenges, which can be used in any bushfire-prone country like Australia. This will improve life safety and community resilience during bushfires.


A large share of world production of aquatic animals of around 120 million tons per year enters international marketing channels. Since more than 90% of this trade consists of processed products in one form or other and in general represents products from the higher value segments, a comparison on a quantitative basis such as live weight equivalent is not meaningful. The increase of total world trade in products from fisheries and aquaculture from about US$ 8 000 million in 1976 to over US$ 50 000 million in 1998 is very impressive and since 1993 a variable, but more or less equal sharing between developed and developing countries can be noticed. The economic benefit of trade in fishery products for developing countries may be illustrated further by the net exports achieved by them. With over US$ 16 000 million they are higher than for meat, tea, bananas and coffee together.


The integration of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with Machine Learning (ML) models has become imperative in examining patient outcomes due to the vast amounts of clinical data they provide. However, critical information regarding social and behavioral factors that affect health, such as social isolation, stress, and mental health complexities, is often recorded in unstructured clinical notes, hindering its accessibility. This has resulted in an over-reliance on clinical data in current EHR-based research, potentially leading to disparities in health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of incorporating patient-specific context from unstructured EHR data on the accuracy and stability of ML algorithms for predicting mortality, using the MIMIC III database. Results from the study confirmed the significance of incorporating patient-specific information into prediction models, leading to a notable improvement in the discriminatory power and robustness of the ML algorithms. Furthermore, the findings underline the importance of considering non-clinical factors related to a patient's daily life, in addition to clinical factors, when making predictions about patient outcomes. These results have significant ramifications for improving ML in clinical decision support and patient outcome predictions.


The invention relates to a dispersion compensating fiber for a fiber optic multiplexing transmission system wavelength, comprising at least one line fiber section monomode dispersion shifted, and in particular without chromatic dispersion zero in the range of multiplex wavelengths. The fiber of the invention is particularly applicable for high-speed transmission systems. The fiber of the present invention for a wavelength of 1550 nm a dispersion slope between - 0, 8 and - 0, 5 ps / nm2. km and a chromatic dispersion between - 130 ps / nm. km and - 90 ps / nm. km. It can have a profile with a core having a rectangular central portion and a ring.


A STUDY IS REPORTED OF USE OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE (MH) FOR SPRAYING OF RAODSIDE TURF FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE GROWTH OF GRASSES, AND ON MAINTENANCE OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE TREATED AREAS. MH LIMITED THE HEIGHT AND DRY WEIGHT OF CLIPPINGS OF BLUEGRASS, ORCHARDGRASS, AND QUACKGRASS IN RELATION TO ITS CONCENTRATION IN ALL OF THE EXPERIMENTS. THE FIRST TWO WEEKS IN MAY PROVED TO BE THE BEST SEASON FOR MH APPLICATION. FALL APPLICATION OF MH GAVE VARIABLE AND OFTEN UNDERSIRABLE RESULTS. MH WAS EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING GROWTH OF GRASSES FOR A PERIOD OF APPROXIMATELY SIX WEEKS AFTER APPLICATION. THE NUMBERS OF MOWINGS FOR MAY AND JUNE WERE REDUCED ABOUT 50 PERCENT. /AUTHOR/


In this study, a gradient porous Si3N4 ceramic radome wall structure is promoted for broadband (1?18 GHz) application. By optimising the thickness and dielectric constant, the transmission efficiency at 1?18 GHz is calculated based on the microwave equivalent network method. Si3N4 ceramics with gradient porous structure are then prepared. Si3N4 ceramics of controlled relative density ranging 53?99% and dielectric constant ranging 3?8 are prepared by adding different additives such as ZrP2O7, MgO and Al2O3, using pressureless sintering and spark plasma sintering. The results show that Si3N4 ceramics is still α phase and exhibit a good gradient porous structure.


The method of drying a steel strip on a non-metallic coating (1), according to the method, a steel strip (1) into a vertical drying oven (3) where - the vertical walls relatively cool drying furnace, the a lower portion of the vertical hot air drying furnace (10b) and an upper portion (10a) is injected, in order to avoid condensation of steam in a vertical wall of the drying furnace, and discharging of air is injected into the (4) process. By the injection of hot air between the upper and lower portion of the vertical drying furnace and out of the vertical drying furnace inlet and an outlet at a distance (13a, 13b), and by generating within said vertical passage over a drying furnace pressure, a dynamic braking device embodiment, thus limiting unwanted cold air into the drying furnace and the vertical limits of the vertical drying furnace flue effect.


The main objective of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between tourism development and economic growth in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in a multivariate model, using panel data for the period 1995–2012. The study adopts a panel Granger causality analysis approach to assess the contribution of tourism to economic growth in GCC countries as a whole, and in each individual country. In the case of GCC countries as a whole, the results show a one-way Granger causality, from economic growth to tourism growth. Furthermore, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates follow the path of economy-driven tourism growth, as hypothesized. The reverse hypothesis (i.e., tourism-led growth hypothesis) holds true for Bahrain, while there is no causal relationship between tourism and economic growth in the case of Oman.


As an important part of the ore transportation route, the open-pit ore bin can store ore when there is more incoming material in the upper stream and act as a buffer. When the material is missing, it can be fed to prevent the downstream machine from idling. We can calculate the location of a certain grade of ore through the volume of the mine heap to prepare for the later addition of ore. The volume of the ore bunker is roughly estimated by human observation, which results in a large volume error and affects the later addition of ore. In order to avoid the deviation of the volume calculation caused by rough estimation, a volume model calculation method based on ore heap is proposed. Through the research on the mechanism of ore heap formation mechanism, the principle of integration in higher mathematics is used to reasonably divide the ore heap. Therefore, an accurate formula for calculating the volume of the ore heap is obtained, which provides accurate guidance for the later addition of ore.


Pastoralist communities worldwide face complex challenges regarding food and feed productivity. Primary production systems are under stress, nutritional choices are changing and the relationship between development and agriculture is undergoing profound transformation. Under increasing pressure from climate and land use change, East African agro-pastoral systems are approaching a tipping point in terms of land degradation. There is an urgent need for evidence-led sustainable land management interventions to reverse degradation of natural resources that support food and water security. A key barrier, however, is a lack of high spatial resolution soil health data wherein collecting such information for each individual community is beyond their means. In this context, we tested whether bridging such data gaps could be achieved through a coordinated programme at the boundary between participation and citizen science. Key outputs included a community-led trial of a hand-held soil scanner, which highlighted a range of positive benefits and practical challenges in using this technology in this context, with identification of some potential solutions; and a targeted soil organic matter and nutrient status dataset in a small catchment-based community setting. The results show that if the practical challenges can be resolved, use of portable soil scanner technology has the potential to fill key knowledge gaps and thereby improve resilience to the threat of land degradation through locally responsive farmer and community decision-making.


Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of the developing embryo outside the uterine cavity. It usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. One
of the critical complications of ectopic pregnancy is rupture. The most common symptoms of ectopic pregnancy rupture are vaginal
bleeding and abdominal pain. In atypical presentations, the diagnosis is based on suspicion. Herein, we presented a case of ruptured
ectopic pregnancy with an atypical presentation. The diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy should be considered when women with
childbearing potential apply to the emergency department.


In the main transformer construction at 220kV No.9 Station,GSF-6B type high-frequency signal transmitter-receiver of PXF-111 type 220kV bypass and PXW11C-101G6B type microcomputer protector possessed only single working frequency, so that high-frequency protection could not be realized by means of high-frequency channel change-over and working frequency diversion. To solve this problem, the principle of realizing high-frequency protection in bypass substitution was illustrated and concrete scheme was presented in this paper.


This paper deals with the causes and mechanisms of internal corrosion of tanks used for the storage of crude oil and distillates. Services which are considered in this paper include crude oil storage tanks, gasoline blending and/or storage tanks and storage tanks for kerosene and heavier distillates. Fixed‐roof, as well as floating‐roof tanks, are considered. Methods for corrosion prevention and control are discussed.


ABSTRACT This study combines information in the Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE), the most extensive bond database, with other fixed income data sets in order to quantify the default and liquidity premia in a reduced form framework at the bond level. The results show that the default premium is two to three times as large as the liquidity premium, and the liquidity term structure is not decreasing in the time to maturity.


Adolescent substance abuse has been a major problem in society for many decades. Prevention has been deemed the most successful approach for dealing with this problem. Most research on this area focuses on family and emphasizes the role of mothers as either protective factors or as risk factors. The role of the father is more ambiguously discussed. The father figure can either be a member of the biological family or of the selective family. This article looks through the lens of theory to explore the role of fathers in a family and elucidates several risk and protective factors that may influence the prevention of substance abuse in adolescents.


The scratch resistance behaviour of alumina-graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) (0.5, 2 and 5 vol.-%) composites was investigated using a Rockwell indenter with normal applied loads ranging from 1 to 200 N. The alumina-GNP composites behaved differently during scratch testing depending on the normal applied load. The coefficient of friction of the composites did not change much at low normal loads but increased with increasing amount of GNP in the alumina matrix for high normal loads. The addition of GNP contributed to improved scratch resistance of alumina nanocomposites only for low loads below ∼97 N. This correlates with the mechanical properties of the composites. As the applied load increased, the scratch resistance of the GNP composites decreased due to the presence of weakly bonded grain boundaries in the alumina matrix, which enhanced chipping of material.


This paper is a literature review about the presence of bioactive compounds in tomato and tomato based food, and these compounds function to promote health in the human organism. Several scientific studies show that tomato and tomato based products have several molecules, some of them with antioxidant activity, that protect lipids, lipoproteins, DNA, etc. against free radicals. This function could be one of the causes of the apparent link between consumption and protection of degenerative and chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. More recent studies have proposed different biochemical mechanisms in which tomato components can exert this beneficial role on health. In addition, several studies seem to show that the greatest benefit of this food is due to the synergistic effect between all its compounds. Some epidemiological studies associate that regular intake has several beneficial effects on health. Due to the association between bioactive compounds, daily tomato consumption and its effect on human health, the aim of the current literature review is summarize the compounds in this food and its possible actions on health.


This chapter explores a case study in the restaurant industry by evaluating accusations against John Besh, a celebrity chef, and his organization, the Besh Restaurant Group (now BRG Hospitality). Applying the work of Perleman and Olbrechts-Tyteca and their identification of model and anti-model argumentation schemes, this study reveals how organizations and industries can address accusations against members (anti-model) and also propose and advocate for changes (model) to improve symbolic and material conditions for their industry, their employees, and their stakeholder communities. By evaluation of the discourses by leaders and members of the restaurant industry, celebrity chefs, and the mass media for their responses to sexual harassment and assault accusations; the opportunity for this movement and protest to serve as a catalyst for change and action might be understood. This case study, related to the restaurant industry, is also intended to illustrate how cases in other industries revealed through the #MeToo movement may also be catalysts for change.


In absence of efficient financial markets and low formal public redistribution, social solidarity and especially family institutions play a preponderant role as insurance provider, that may entail some inefficiency costs, through resource allocation distortions. The present paper is aimed at investigating the influence of sharing norms within the Senegalese family institution on savings decisions. Based an original qualitative survey in which several members of extended families were interviewed in different locations of Senegal, I define individual profiles with respect to their degree of participation and position in their kin network. I subsequently characterize how these profiles differently influence the response to the family pressure on savings. Using a nationally representative household survey collected in 2006 in Senegal, I test for these mechanisms, estimating the effect of family pressure on savings. I distinguish between sharable and non-sharable savings, defined as assets that are more or less subject to the family tax. Family network size is captured by an exogenous dimension, the number of siblings, fruit of the past decision made by parents. Hence, I provide suggestive evidence that a larger family pressure to share income increases the level of non-sharable savings for men but do not affect the one for women, indicating that men try to evade the family tax while women -principal beneficiaries of the transfersdo not. JEL Classification: D91, D1, Z13


—The diffusion-convection equation with variable coefficients for anisotropic inhomogeneous media is discussed in this paper. Numerical solutions to problems that are governed by this equation are sought using a combined Laplace transform and boundary element method. The variable coefficients equa- tion is transformed to a constant coefficients equation. The constant coefficients equation is then Laplace-transformed so that the time variable vanishes. The Laplace-transformed equation can then be written in a purely boundary integral equation that involves a time-free fundamental solution. The boundary integral equation is therefore employed to find numerical solutions using a standard boundary element method. Finally, the results obtained are inversely transformed numerically using the Stehfest formula to get solutions in the time variable. Some unsteady problems of anisotropic trigonometrically graded media governed by the diffusion convection equation are considered. The results show that the combined Laplace transform and boundary element method is easy to implement and accurate.


Primary Examiner-Richard R. Kucia Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Francis J. Mulligan, Jr.; Ewan C. MacQueen 57 ABSTRACT A self-shielding, flux cored arc welding electrode for joining Ni-Cr-Fe alloys and overlaying dissimilar met als. The wire has a nickel-chromium containing alloy sheath and a flux core containing special proportions of carbonates, fluorides, metal oxides, and powdered met als. Sound welds can be prepared without the use of a supplemental inert shielding gas. Welded joints provide essentially the same properties as those of the Ni-Cr-Fe base alloy.


In 28 subjects surely without tracheo-bronchial phlogosis it had been observed that the trachea and the bronchi are mostly sterile, only rarely there is a normal bacterial flora. In the mouth and in the pharynx there is instead, almost always, normal bacterial flora and only exceptionally potentially pathogenous strains at a concentration inferior to 10(7).


Supplementation of cattle grazing black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) with urea and/or plant protein meals in dry seasons may improve growth rates (eg Foster and Blight 1984; Schlink, et al. 1994). However, there is little information on the effects of oiland protein-rich supplements such as whole cottonseed (WCS) given with black speargrass, although Lindsay et al. (1988) examined its effect in pen trials. This report describes responses to WCS fed as a supplement to cattle grazing black speargrass pasture in late summer. The trial was carried out between 2 February and 14 May, 1993 on a commercial beef cattle property 40 km west of Emerald, Qld. Rainfall in 1992 was 440 mm (annual mean = 640 mm); 86 mm fell between January and May, 1993. The pasture was predominantly H. contortus with small amounts of Astrebla spp., Aristida leptopoda and weeds, and with an estimated (mean -c S.D.) initial yield of 627 -c 25 kg DM/ha and 9.7 t 0.81g N/kg DM. The effect of supplementation with WCS (21 % protein) was examined in a completely randomised design in which 36 Brahman cross steers (14 to 21 months, liveweight 376 k 38 kg) were allocated to 3 supplementation regimes (0, 1.5 or 2.5 kg WCS/head daily). Each treatment group of 12 animals was allocated to separate, approximately 50 ha paddocks which had been spelled for at least 1 month before the trial. Three or 4 days supply of WCS was given twice weekly and intake was measured weekly. Liveweights were recorded every 14 days (growth rate was calculated by regression of liveweight vs time), and samples of faeces (from the rectum then frozen) and pasture (50 x 0.0625 m* quadrats/paddock) were collected each 28 days. Estimated pasture yields and N contents declined by 2.4, 1.4 and 2.1 kg DM/ha.day and 0.01,0.02 and 0.03 g N/kg DM.day for the 0, 1.5 and 2.5 kg WCS/day groups respectively. WCS intakes stabilised by week 3. The 1.5 kg/day group ate all the WCS given; the intake of the i.5 kg/day group for weeks 3 to 14 was 2.24 + 0.379 kg/day. Animal production responses are in Table 1.