RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-TUPARI CONSONANTS AND VOWELSI Denny Moore and Ana Vilacy Galucio Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldl, Belem, Brazil INTRODUCTION According to the most recent classification by Rodrigucs (1984/85), there are ten linguistic families within the large Tupi stock: Tupi-Guarani, Mundurulm, Mawe, Juruna, Aweti, Monde, Ramarama, Arikem, Purubore, and Tupari. Languages of the last five families are spoken in the Brafllian state of Rondfinia (north of Bolivia). Published linguistic descriptions have mainly concerned themselves with the first two, Tupi-Guarani and Mundurulcu; the other families have come under study more recently. Until now the only proto-language within the Tupi linguistic stock which has been the object of detailed reconstructive work is Proto-Tupi- Guarani (e.g. Lemle 1971, Leite & Face': 1991, Rodrigues 1984/85, Jensen 1984). As part of a long-term comparative Tupi project, linguists linked to the Museu Goeldi in Belem, Brazil, are currently wor ' in all the Tupian families in Ronddnia and also in the Juruna family. This article presents part of the results of some of the research which has been initiated on languages of the Tupari family during the last five years. It presents a preliminary reconstruction of the sound segments of Proto-Tupari, the mother language of the four modern languages of the Tupari family: Ayuru (Wayor6, Wayru, Ajuru), Makurap, Mekens (Mequem, Mequens), and Tupari. While the preliminary reconstruction presented here is a modest eflbrt, undertaken mainly to guide fiuther research on the Tupan' languages, it is the only study of the four languages or of their prehistory written in English. The reconstruction of Proto-Tupari is important for Tupi comparative studies because Tupari is one of the tlu'ee Tupian families with enough surviving members (four) sufliciently diverged (the languages are not mutually intelligible) to permit a reliable reconstruction at a considerable time depth, using the comparative method. The other two such Tupian families are Tupi-Guarani and Monde. In what follows, information about the speakers of the Tupari languages is given. Data sources and limitations are explained. The sound systems of the four languages are briefly summarized. Then the systematic sound correspondences are presented, along with a tentatively reconstructed proto-segment for each. The reconstructions are justified and the diachronic processes leading to tire modern languages are summarized. Lastly, the cognates and their reconstructed forms are presented. THE AYURU, AIAKURAP, MEKENS AND TUPARI 'I'he peoples speaking the languages of the Tupari family lived traditionally on the headwaters of various rivers, most of which drained south into the Guapore River. which is the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia. The Makurap (and also the Anti, of the Monde family) lived on the headwaters of the Rio Branco, the Ayuru on the Rio Colorado, and the Mekens on the Rio Mequens. The Tupari lived on the headwaters of tributaries of the Rio Machado (Ji- Parana). Also on this more northerly watershed were the Kepildriwat, whose language, now apparently extinct, is the fifih language of the Tupari family. From the surviving wordlist it appears to be more remote from the other four languages than they are fi'om each other. 119


Since the late 1990s researchers have looked at cluster policies, highlighting multilevel governance processes and the resulting complexity for both public and private actors as well as measuring the impact of these policies on firms. From an institutional perspective I point out that this policy development calls for the study of the impact on leadership: have cluster policies played any role in leadership emergence in clusters? I take the launch of the Pôles de compétitivité in 2005 as an illustration. I first review the literature and point out the gaps in dealing with (cluster) leadership and the policy context. Second, I present comparative and empirical results of two clusters located in Brittany, France. Third, by discussing these results, I show the implications both for the study of French dirigisme (an interventionist and directive policy style) and for current research on cluster policies by outlining the emergence, dynamics, and limits of the leadership process.


contemporary Protestantism feels itself more at home with Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism than with radical historical criticism and a demythologizing which I am convinced is the logical consequence and the admittedly rationalistic expression of a radical Reformed theology of the cross. This diagnosis will hardly find general acceptance, but that does not greatly concern me. Taboos against which argument is no avail are not only a reality and a power in primitive societies. The diagnosis can only be supported if we have a better understanding of the relationship of the cross to the resurrection than most Pauline interpretations display." It is this controversial attitude that leads K. to indulge in generalities ("Christianity has always made even Christ unbelievable, and has discouraged as many people as it has attracted" [p. 53]; "where the Kyrios is turned into an example and a model, Pauline anthropology also becomes unbearably stunted and falsely orientated" [p. 25; but cf. 1 Cor 11:1]), and to make statements that are not always consistent (compare his statements about Bultmann's anthropology beginning with the individual on pp. 2, 10, 65, in the last two cases referring to the same passages in Bultmann's History and Eschatology and his Theology of the New Testament). K.'s writings are provocative, and they are deliberately meant to stir up his contemporaries; the nuggets of interpretation of Pauline passages are embedded in them. The reader will have to decide for himself which he thinks are of more lasting value, the interpretations or the provocations.


The dynamics of flapping flight has been a research topic of interest with the objectives of better characterization of insect flight or realization of successful flight of microair vehicles (MAVs). In addition to the complex dynamics associated with flapping flight, the periodicity aspect of the flapping motion gives flapping flight dynamics a time-varying characteristic. Because hovering is usually performed at relatively high frequencies, with respect to the body's natural frequencies, it is usually claimed that the body of a hovering insect feels only the cycle-averaged aerodynamic loads. In fact, this is a very common assumption in the analysis of flapping flight dynamics. Some research reports use this assumption on the basis of physical intuition [1–7]. Others use its rigorous mathematical representation [8–10]; namely, the averaging theorem. There still exists some debate about the range of validity of this assumption; see Taha et al. [11] for a discussion about the topic. If the averaging assumption is acceptable, or the dynamics of the insect under study are amenable to the averaging theorem, then one can convert the time-varying system into an autonomous one (averaged system). The stability of the averaged system is indicative of the stability of the original nonlinear time-periodic (NLTP) system. The inherent instability of any flying vehicle is mainly dictated by the aerodynamic loads due to the vehicle's motion (stability derivatives). Several experimental [2,12] and computational [3–5,13] investigations have been performed to determine the cycle-averaged stability derivatives for hovering insects and MAVs. However, there have been few trials that aimed at deriving analytical expressions for the stability derivatives in terms of the system parameters. Cheng and Deng [14] derived the cycle-averaged stability derivatives for hovering insects in terms of their morphological parameters. However, because they did not adopt a specific aerodynamic model, they provided general expressions in terms of the cycle-averaged aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients that, in turn, need to be expressed in terms of the system parameters. Moreover, they did not account for the aerodynamic rotational effects [15], which may considerably affect pitch damping. Also, they considered only one trim configuration at hover that yielded four nonzero longitudinal stability derivatives out of the full nine. In this work, a formal derivation of the full longitudinal stability derivatives for hovering MAVs/insects is presented. A quasi-steady aerodynamic model that accounts for the dominant leading edge vortex contribution and the rotational effects is used. As such, the final expressions for the stability derivatives are provided directly in terms of the system parameters. For validation purposes, a numerical simulation for the aerodynamic model is performed over one cycle and a complex-step finite differencing is used to determine the stability derivatives of the hawkmoth using the kinematics and trim data considered by Sun et al. [4] in their direct numerical simulation of Navier–Stokes equations. The effects of trim configuration on the cycle-averaged stability derivatives are then determined. The averaging theorem is used to analytically assess the stability of this time-periodic system. Finally, a parametric study for the cycleaveraged stability derivatives and the eigenvalues of the averaged, linearized system using the symmetric flapping trim configuration (SFTC) is performed.


Although finance traditionally has been the domain of economics, understanding the various forces shaping the performance of contemporary financial markets require the use of a variety of intellectual perspectives from across other disciplines. The present article attempts to discuss the contributions of 'social studies of finance' in studying and interpreting the modern financial markets and it's widely spread effects. This becomes of immense importance when conventional economics failed to express the social content of economic relations, and consequently to interpret the forces and conflicts at work in the economic process. This way, they help financial economics in framing and reframing it's theories to explain and forecast the market in a better way.


An autonomous track assessing method based on ultraviolet sensor and star sensor in the cislunar segment comprises steps of (1) dividing images shot by the ultraviolet sensor, judging whether the earth or the moon exists in shot images according to geometric feature of divided target, if the earth or the moon does not exist, condition for realizing autonomous track assessing is absent, then waiting for images shot next time, otherwise discriminating the earth and the moon, judging whether the earth and the moon are on the same picture, if not, coming to step (2), otherwise transiting to step (3), (2) carrying out track assessing according to inertial attitude data output by the star sensor, half angle of divergence, lunar vector or earth vector output by the ultraviolet sensor, (3) carrying out track assessing only according to measured value of the ultraviolet sensor, or carrying out track assessing according to measured value of the ultraviolet sensor and output value of the star sensor.


Thin epitaxial single‐crystalline B‐type CoSi2 films (twin‐oriented) have been grown in ultrahigh vacuum by stoichiometric codeposition of Co and Si on slightly misoriented (0.1°–0.3°) Si(111) substrates. The microstructure as well as the nature of interfacial defects has been investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy. The defect structure is found to depend closely on the initial deposition parameters, annealing temperature, and the topography of the Si substrate. It will be shown that even during the early stages of layer growth, loss of coherence is obtained and lattice strain already starts to occur with the introduction of misfit dislocations with Burgers vector b=a/2〈110〉 inclined to the interface or with Burgers vector b=a/6〈112〉 parallel to it. It is demonstrated that ultrathin CoSi2 films with thickness of about 1 nm grown on slightly misoriented substrates with parallel surface steps, exhibit quite different defect structures at annealing temperatures between 300 °C and 550 °C. ...


ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for low birth w eight newborns.Methods190 low birth weight newborns (preterm low birth we ight newborns:79,term low birth weight newborns:111) and 750 infants of the cont ro l group were investigated using questionnaire.Multinomial logistic regression an alysis was applied to analyze the related risk factors for low birth weight. ResultsThere were positive relations between preterm low birth weight newborns and mothers who induced abortion,maternal age above 35 ,BMI above 28 before pregnancy,stress in pregnancy,anemia,fathers drinking alcoh ol,mother smoking in pregnancy( OR=1.067-10.026,P 0.05,0.001).The factors whi c h could increase the risk of low birth weight newborns included abortion mothers ,mothers with light weight before pregnancy,mothers and fathers who were peasant s,mothe rs who were teachers( OR=1.114-18.335,P 0.05,0.001).The factors which were re lated to preterm low birth weight newborns and term low birth weight newborns we re multiparity,little preterm care,maternal height, hypertension in pregnancy an d family income,etc.ConclusionLow birth weight was caused by many factors.Co m prehensive measure should be taken to reduce morbidity of low birth weight newbo rns.


The spheroidizing of molten iron is the key technology in ductile iron pipe production,which determines products quality.The theory of spraying Mg spheroidization technology is summarized,and the processes and equipments for spraying Mg spheroidization technology are presented in actual production,and the principle of choosing the process and equipment is proposed.Spraying Mg spheroidization technology in the production of centrifugally nodular cast iron pipes has achieved good effect in improving casting quality,reducing production costs.


The proceedings include information on the Chairman's opening remarks, adoption of the agenda, TAC Chairman's report, Expansion of the CGIARsystem, external reviews of IBPGR, ICRISAT and IFPRI; relationships with NARS, and future meetings to be held


The paper presents an unsteady-state calculation method for single-layer enclosing structures moisture regime using a discrete-continuous approach. A new formula allowing moisture potential distribution determination along enclosing structure thickness in any section, at any moment of time, under continuous control for temperature field is introduced. The proposed method was verified by finite difference method using an explicit difference scheme. Single-layer enclosing structure moisture regime calculation results obtained by various moisture potential methods are compared. Calculations using the proposed method give quantitative and qualitative results similar to Gagarin's unsteady-state method, but are described by calculated expression. Results of this research can be used in practice by design engineers.


Objective To probe into Nursing intervention in elderly depressed patients quality of life and efficacy.Methods On 98 cases of elderly depression patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and a control group of 48 cases of 50 cases,individualized nursing intervention in intervention group,compared two groups of patients' quality of life and therapeutic effect.Results Nursing intervention after 6 weeks,intervention group,in addition to state of the material life,the three dimensions of the physical health,mental health,social function and HAMD total score with the control group a significant difference(P 0.01).Conclusion Nursing intervention can improve the quality of life of elderly patients with depression and efficacy,is worth promoting.


Nowadays, Arabic text recognition bears witness to a wave of interest after a long period
of moderate activity. The reason is the complexity of the problem manifested in both
cursive shapes and close similarity of Arabic characters. Optical character recognition
this is performed usually by detecting and quantifying isolated characters, which implies
that the text is meaningfully segmented into more simple shapes. In this paper we study
the properties of the Arabic script and review the problems encountered in its segmentation.
To pass by the need for segmentation a new technique, the so-called N-markers,
is proposed. It unifies the advantages of both global and structural recognition methods
and is intuitively close to the human recognition process. The technique is tailored to
single-font printed texts rich in ligatures, a problem encountered in good quality books
and journals. It can be extended, in a straightforward way, to other fonts and also to
handle degraded texts. Preliminary experiments show encouraging results.


The characteristic and the usual surface treatment technology of carbon fiber were introduced.The complex treatment technology of anodic oxidation and liquid-phase oxidation was used for surface ox-idation experiment of carbon fiber.After twisting and drawing the processed fiber,it was dipped into the heated polyurethane resin,the complex carbon fiber thread with 5 % resin was made when dried.By com-paring the products made by non-processed material under same condition,it indicated that the use of moderate electrochemistry oxidation and hydrogenation was useful to repair the faults on the surface of car-bon fiber and played a more important role in enhancing mechanical strength of carbom fiber.


The spectra of normal and heavy water vapor have been observed under high resolution in the region 1220–1240 A. One band of H2O and two bands of D2O have been measured and analyzed. The spectra were taken in the ninth order of a 35-ft concave-grating spectrograph and the accuracy of measurement of the sharper lines is estimated to be about ± 0.005 A. The results of the analyses are summarized below.These bands have been assigned as belonging to the first member of one of the two np Rydberg series.


The articles in this special issue provides an overview of and a perspective on the evolution of electronic design automation (EDA), and offers a perspective on some of the principal avenues of future development.


In this paper, high order LES has been conducted for investigation on the flow around micro vortex generator (MVG) at Mach number 2.5 and Reθ=5760. The mechanism of vortex ring generation behind MVG, especially in the initial stage of the ring generation has been studied in detail. The results show that the ring structures come from both the sheer layer on the upper boundary of momentum deficit and also from the sheer layer in the lower boundary layer. The complicated interaction among vortex structures has also been studied.


FIELD: physics, control. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feed of purified air to consumers. Testing of specific parameters of filtering device with air feed involves engine control unit and processing of specific parameters of filtering device with air feed. Besides, it comprises head elements and connection hose. The latter connects said filtering device with air feed and head element. Besides, it includes computer unit spaced apart from filtering system. Note here that said computer unit comprises communication interface for data transfer from computer unit to filtering device control unit with air feed and/or data reception from filtering device control unit with air feed to computer unit. Note also that filtering unit incorporates communication interface for data transfer from control unit to external computer unit and/or for data reception from external computer unit to control unit. Note that this system incorporates checkout unit to set the validity of specific parameters, particularly, specific software and control unit for filtering device with air feed. EFFECT: on-line variation of software, hence higher operating efficiency of filtering device. 17 cl, 3 dwg


Land and building tax revenue in Demak regency from year to year is always increasing, but has not reached 100%. Good service tax officials, their gift for taxpayers, and tax penalties imposed are expected to increase property tax receipts in Demak district. The formulation of the problem is to see the effect of service tax officials on tax compliance in paying taxes on land and buildings, the effect of giving a gift on tax compliance in paying taxes on land and buildings, the effect of taxation sanctions against the taxpayer compliance in paying property taxes, and influence service tax officials, gifts, and tax penalties on tax compliance in paying property taxes.Samples taken in this study were 100 taxpayers who apply for services UPTB Pelayanan PBB-P2 on BPKPAD Demak. The analysis used are validity, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing, and the coefficient of determination (R2). The data obtained were then processed using SPSS version 17.The results showed the first hypothesis in this study was rejected because t count t table is 4.735 > 1.985, hypothesis the fourth in this study received due F count > F table is 8.322 > 2.70. Keywords: service tax officials, gift, tax penalties, compliance.


Background, aims and scope: Decision support tools assist patients in medical decision-making. However, implementing these tools in practice is challenging. We systematically reviewed barriers and facilitators to using decision support tools, as perceived by patients. Methods: A systematic search of scientific articles was performed in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and CINHAL databases. Search strategies combined pre-defined free-text words and MeSH, or database equivalent, derived from the following broad topic areas: decision support tools, barriers and facilitators, use or implementation and user perceptions. Eligible studies qualitatively presented patients' views on using tools. These views were thematically analyzed, starting from an existing taxonomy of barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of healthcare innovations. Results: Electronic searches yielded a total of 7067 unique references; 365 full-text articles were retrieved, of which 33 publications met the inclusion criteria. Seven additional publications were included after reference searching. Key descriptive themes were classified in three broad categories of tool-, user- and environment-related barriers and facilitators. The most commonly identified themes were perceived usefulness, ease of use, the health professional-patient relationship, quality and quantity of information and need as motivation to use tools. Conclusions: Patients express a need for decision support, but experience obstacles to using tools. The two most common, attitude-related, barriers to tool use were the perceived difficulty of using a tool and its dubious efficacy. The results of this review can support researchers in the design of development and evaluation strategies that specifically address the identified barriers and facilitators and thus further the implementation of decision support tools.


Reformed ministers played a pivotal role in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. As representatives of the public church, they took on a civic role helping to bind fragile communities together in shared belief and practice.1 A minister preached multiple times a week, and, when possible, attended to the catechising of members and liefhebbers, and visited and comforted the sick and dying. Occasionally, he wrote books to edify believers even when he could not be physically present. Ministers helped shape their congregation's understanding of God, creation, and his expectations for their lives. Through these various forms, they 'supplied all the key terms necessary to understand existence in this world and the next'.2 When executing his task faithfully, the minister mediated between his congregation and the cares of the ordinary world. From the pulpit to the deathbed, the ideal minister tirelessly encouraged and exhorted those in their flocks to pursue godliness. While the public role of ministers is unavoidable in contemporary histories of the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic, little attention has been given to the books they consulted to fulfil their pastoral and public duties.3 This is remarkable, because ministers were the largest group of academically trained


Objective To observe the effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation to antagonist muscles on the hemiparetic limb function in stroke patients.Methods Totally 96 stroke patients were randomly divided as trial group(n=48),and control group group(n=48).Before and after one month treatment,the evaluation of the muscle tone,motor function,and active daily living function was conducted.Results There was no significant difference before treatment in Ashworth Scale score of muscle tone,Brunnstrom motor function of lower extremities and Barthel index between the two groups(u=0.47,0.71,0.41,P0.05).After one month treatment,between the two groups there was no significant difference in Ashworth Scale score of muscle tone(u=0.89,P0.05),but there were significant differences in Brunnstrom motor function of lower extremities and Barthel index(u=3.38,5.13,P0.05).Conclusion The low-frequency electrical stimulation to antagonist muscles can promote the recovery of the patients' motor function for hemiplegia after stroke,raise the ability of daily life,and it is an auxiliary means very effective in rehabilitation treatment of stroke.


Abstract A newly recognised problem of petechial haemorrhages in external adipose tissue of lambs was investigated at a meat works. The causal factor was electrical stunning, but animal- associated predisposing factors were also important as indicated by a decline in prevalence as the killing season progressed. It is suggested that these are associated with the age of the lambs and, thereby, the maturity of tissues. Histologically, the lesions showed focal capillary haemorrhage, platelet and fibrin thrombi, and concentration of leucocytes about the thrombus. Although this distribution superficially resembled a reactive change, it was concluded that it was an agonal lesion and suggested that the concentration of leucocytes was a result of a filtration phenomenon.


A 20-year-old man with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was treated with pegylated (PEG)-asparaginase 1000 iu/m 2 twice during remission induction therapy


Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia stated that every university in Indonesia needs to implement information technology governance, one of which is information technology service governance. XYZ University as one of the universities in Indonesia needs to implement the governance of information technology services. The implementation of information technology service governance can be using the Information Technology Infrastructure Library Version 3 (ITIL V3) framework. One of the information system services that often have issues with help desk services is academic information systems. The issue of academic information system help desk service issues is resolved by using one of the processes in ITIL V3, namely service level management. In this observation, a service level management process was carried out to produce three documents, namely the Service Level Requirement (SLR), Service Level Agreement (SLA), and Operational Level Agreement (OLA). This research includes three main processes, namely collecting data and information, creating documents, and verification and validation. The method of collecting data and information is carried out using interview techniques, the process of making documents, validation, and verification is carried out by conducting group discussion forums with service providers and service users. In this case, service users are the academics of XYZ University, while service users are the Information and Communication Technology Department of XYZ University. This observation resulted in three main documents in service level management, namely SLR, SLA, and OLA, for academic information system help desk services.


There has been tremendous growth in the use of mobile devices over the last few years. This growth has fueled the development of millions of software applications for these mobile devices often called as "apps". Current estimates indicate that there are hundreds of thousands of mobile app developers. As a result, in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of software engineering research conducted on mobile apps to help such mobile app developers. In this paper, we discuss current and future research trends within the framework of the various stages in the software development life-cycle: requirements (including nonfunctional), design, development, testing and maintenance. As there are several nonfunctional requirements but we focus on the topics of energy and security in our paper. The mobile apps are not necessarily built by large companies that can afford to get experts for solving these two topics.


It is noted that standard methods of acid treatments do not allow to extract significant oil reserves of reservoirs under development. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of acid treatments of reservoirs at a late stage of development is the use of complex compounds. Complex additive to the Katol 22A acid is developed and tested by Mirrico Group at the fields of Bashneft JSOC. The effectiveness of treatments in the presence of Katola 22A on average is 80-90 %.


Abstract Bile acids (BAs) are classically known as facilitators of fat digestion. Moreover, they are now known to be ligands for receptors involved in glucose and lipoprotein metabolism. BA synthesis was originally thought to be exclusive to hepatic tissue, but emerging evidence in rodents has demonstrated the expression of BA transporters and de novo synthetic enzymes in murine adipose tissue. We previously showed that chronic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in adult women via the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) agonist mirabegron increases total plasma BA levels. The largest increases were seen with primary unconjugated BAs. Overall, these data suggest that chronic adrenergic stimulation may increase the synthesis and activity of BA synthesis enzymes in human adipose tissue, which contributes to the increase in total plasma BAs. To confirm this hypothesis, we measured expression levels of BAT and BA synthesis enzymes in liver and adipose tissues collected from healthy patients and those with pheochromocytoma (pheo) who experienced chronic adrenergic activation. As expected, expression of thermogenic UCP1 and ADRB3 was higher in pheo peri-renal BAT than in liver tissue (76,000x, P<0.001; and 6,000x, P=0.02, respectively) or either healthy subcutaneous WAT or pheo subcutaneous WAT (≥1500x, P<0.001 for UCP1). Conversely, expression of the rate-determining enzyme in BA synthesis CYP7A1 was similar in liver and both WAT depots (P>0.05), and liver had slightly higher expression than BAT (3x, P=0.03). Otherwise, most of the principal BA synthesis genes' expression levels demonstrated the following stepwise pattern: liver tissue > pheo WAT = subcutaneous WAT > BAT (CYP8B1, CYP27A1, AKR1D1, and BAAT). These results suggest that BA production in humans is not limited to the liver. Rather, human WAT in particular may contribute to the BA pool and could serve as a target for producing BA-mediated improvements in glucose and lipoprotein metabolism. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


This article explores the paradoxical position of Serbian modernist authors, chiefly Ivo Andric, vis-a-vis Gavrilo Princip. It addresses the discrepancy between the powerful hold that Princip, as a symbolic figure, had on the members of his generation and the absence of literary representations of his act in the literature of the interwar period. A more attentive reading of the texts in which Princip's act is mentioned or alluded to, shows, however, that he performed an important and highly symbolic function in the modernists' auto-designation as the members of a new generation of authors.


Objective To compare the clinical effect of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax between uniportal and conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery( VATS). Methods 61 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were selected in our hospital from May 2011 to May 2014,and they were divided into the uniportal VATS group( 30 cases) and the conventional VATS group( 31 cases). Their operation time,intraoperative blood loss,closed chest drainage tube replacement time after operation,duration of hospital stay,satisfaction and complications were observed. The score of pain was recorded 6 and 24 hours after the operation. Results The operation time was( 131. 37 ± 14. 15 min) in the uniportal VATS group,which was longer than that in the conventional VATS group( 114. 21 ± 11. 11min)( P = 0. 03). The score of pain 6h after the operation was( 3. 31 ± 1. 47) in the uniportal VATS group,which was lower than that in the conventional VATS group( 4. 69 ± 1. 38)( P = 0. 01). The satisfaction score of postoperative incision was( 4. 76 ± 2. 13) in the uniportal VATS group,which was higher than that of the conventional VATS group( 2. 60 ± 1. 76)( P = 0. 02). There was no significant difference in blood loss,postoperative drainage volume of closed thoracic drainage tube and duration,pain score 24 h after the operation,duration of hospital stay and complications between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion The uniportal VATS can reduce postoperative pain and get good cosmetic effect in the treatment of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.


Decision makers always require information in precise and organized format so that the information gets the status of intelligent data for analytical assessment. With the advent of new technologies like remote sensing and GIS, the inputs in the form of intelligent maps attached with the attribute information are now available and the user agencies are ready to utilize the potential of this transparent and powerful technology. However the decision makers are typically not familiar enough with spatial data analysis to leverage its fullest use on a regular basis. So there exists a demand for a highly flexible, easy to operate and interactive spatial information systems designed to support decision-making. The District Administration Support System is an effort to address the existing demand. The non-agriculture (NA) permission system based on RS & GIS utilizes decision models, database, and interactive analytical modeling process and rules of the state government to reach a specific decision in granting permission in conversion of agriculture land to non-agriculture purpose. The paper describes important areas of spatial technology, which are put to use for making accurate decisions in transparent, effective and efficient manner. The paper argues that the development of such systems will allow enhanced support for decision makers through generation of spatial knowledge base


................................................................................................. 7 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS.................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 11 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................ 13 1. Cerebral palsy ....................................................................................................13 1.1. Definition...............................................................................................13 1.2. Prevalence and etiology.........................................................................13 1.3. Classification of CP...............................................................................14 1.4. Spasticity as a sign of upper motor neurone dysfunction......................17 1.5. Clinical presentation of spastic CP........................................................20 1.6. Methods of assessing CP by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model....................................................26 1.7. Treatment options for spasticity in children with CP............................28 2. Botulinum toxin type A .....................................................................................29 2.1. Mechanism of action .............................................................................29 2.2. Potency, dose equivalency, safety and immunogenicity .......................36 2.3. Injection techniques...............................................................................40 2.4. BTXA treatment in children with spastic CP ........................................47 AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................. 63 PATIENTS AND METHODS.................................................................... 64 1. Patient series and study designs .........................................................................64 1.1. Definitions .............................................................................................64


The offshore approach spans of Zhanjiang Bay Bridge are designed to use 50-m span prestressed concrete continuous box girders that are to be cast in situ with slide shuttering system.To ensure the construction safety and correct geometry of the approach spans,the authors in this paper completed monitoring of static load test process of the slide shuttering system,and also monitoring of concrete casting of the first span girder of the approach spans and forwarding process of the system.


In the majority of theoretical linguistic frameworks, grammar and phonology are typically kept 'separate', which arguably leads to a somewhat reduced understanding of how language works. In this chapter, we explore some of the historical reasons for this separation, framing the discussion around degrees of linguistic modularity and autonomy which different grammatical frameworks assume. After providing an overview of this debate, we then illustrate how phonology interacts with grammar. We discuss how grammar and phonology interact at word and sentence level, present a case study for the role that phonology plays in word class categorization, and finally, examine how two different grammatical paradigms (namely formal-generative and cognitive-functional grammar) incorporate phonology into their descriptions.


This article introduces the open question about an update of the eclectic paradigm, on the occasion of new ways in which multinational firms invest abroad which have emerged in the last decades of the 20th century. It develops a theoretical review of all the theories that have been developed up to day focusing on the development of the OLI paradigm of Dunning and its contrast with the real patterns of internationalization. The lack of empirical validation raises the question about the inadequacy of this model developed several decades ago to explain the current reality of multinational firms.


This paper presents a robust and computationally efficient method for tracking music in audio streams from movies. The audio stream is first mid-term processed with a fixed length moving window and four features are extracted per window. Each feature is fed as input to a simple classifier which produces a soft output for the binary problem of music vs. all other types of audio. The soft outputs are then combined to yield a measure of confidence quantifying whether the segment corresponds to music or not. At a final step, thresholding is applied to filter out segments where the confidence measure is low. The proposed approach has been tested with audio streams from various movies and its performance was measured both on a mid-term segment basis as well as on an event detection basis. Reported results demonstrate that the method exhibits high performance even when music is mixed with other types of audio in the stream.


By means of introducing the new variables the questions of analytical evaluation of metric weights of attributes of systems dependability were considered. A basic approach to complex numerical estimation of the degree of computer dependability of systems was developed.


Breast ultrasound images are an important diagnostic factor for breast cancer detection. However, ultrasound imaging is intrinsically degraded by noise, resulting in a difficult detection of masses or nodules, and, most importantly, the evaluation of their size and shape. Computer-aided diagnosis figures as a major help factor, when it comes to analyzing this type of medical imaging. A fully automated and computationally efficient method for breast ultrasound segmentation is proposed. The algorithm classifies the images, with Support Vector Machines and Discriminant Analysis classifiers, based on a pixel descriptor formed with the information from anisotropic diffusion, band-pass filtering and scale-space curvature. The final segmentation results after the application of a set of heuristic rules for the selection of the classifiers' result, based on the ultrasound image characteristics. The final segmentation results yielded good overall accuracy, precision and also recall rates.


This article discusses scientific, regulatory and social problems presented when there is a lack of scientific knowledge with regard to a risk. This question arises following the European Union's recent decision to ban virginiamycin, and the ruling on that decision by the European Court of First Instance in the Pfizer Animal Health case. The authors suggest that while policy‐makers ostensibly pay due deference to scientific opinion, their final assessment of risk and application of the precautionary principle will be policy‐driven rather than based on science. When in doubt, they may prefer to eliminate risk by imposing a ban, rather than conduct a proper risk/benefit analysis that includes the damage caused by banning a potentially useful product. Ian Forrester QC practises law in Brussels and is Visiting Professor at Glasgow University. He has represented a number of pharmaceutical companies in litigation concerning the precautionary principle. Jaap C. Hanekamp PhD was a cofounder and CEO of the scientific institute of the HAN Foundation, a body dedicated to the neutral exposition of scientific data. Dr Hanekamp supervised and was co‐author of the HAN publication on antibiotic growth promoters, one of the controversies examined in this article.


Produced and published by the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination. The statements made and the views expressed herein are solely those of the contributors.


Engineered geothermal systems (EGS) present an opportunity to expand the implementation of geothermal power. There has been some interest in the possible application of CO2 as a heat extraction fluid in these systems instead of water, due to a variety of inherent benefits, including being a nonpolar fluid, low viscosity at the temperatures and pressures within the reservoir and a large buoyancy effect. The buoyancy effect in particular indicates the potential for a simple surface plant design, or "CO2 thermosiphon". Balancing these advantages, CO2 has some drawbacks, leading to lower thermodynamic performance in the overall system. This is mostly due to a combination of lower heat capacity, and large frictional losses due to gas-phase flows in the production wellbore. Here we explore some of the thermodynamics underlying this characteristic, and explore some scenarios that could be expected to offset it. Ultimately, economic analysis will be necessary to determine in what cases CO2 would be applicable as a geothermal heat extraction fluid. This should give some indication as to which geothermal resources may benefit from the usage of CO2.


An efficient and reliable separation technique based on automated Soxhlet hot extraction (AHSE) was developed and validated. It can be applied to rapid separations of 20 persistent organic pollutants, including two types of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) contained in nonmetallic component parts of electronic products. The qualitative chromatographic analyses were carried out by using a gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). The 20 persistent organic pollutants were simultaneously and completely separated by a 15 meter HP-5MS short capillary column in 25 minutes. Through the tests of extraction performance, effects of solvent and extraction time on selected BFRs were investigated; toluene and 120 min extraction time were chose as the optimum conditions. Besides, this article examines the influence of temperature on the chromatographic analysis, the optimum temperature parameters were 280 °C and 320 °C for injector and column, respectively. The ASHE-GCMS method was validated for the analysis of the certified reference material of CRM8110-a and IRMM310. The limits of detection (LOD) for polymer sample was 0.55-4.50 μg mL−1; linearity range from 0.11 to 16 μg mL−1. The proposed methodology can fully meet the requirement of relational directives.


To develop advanced culture is to develop the culture with Chinese socialist characteristics,the library, which is regarded as the important position of the advanced cultural construction, has its own unique advantages in propagating and developing the advanced culture.


In 1971, Derrida read a paper entitled Signature 6venement contexte in Montreal. In 1972, it was included in his collection Marges de la philosophie [Paris: Minuit]. In 1977, in the first issue of Glyph, appeared its English version "Signature Event Context." The piece was followed by "Reiterating the Differences: A Reply to Derrida" by John Searle. In Derrida's essay the limits and implications of the philosophical strategy of J. L. Austin, the founder of speech act theory, are discussed. In his short reply Searle, himself a speech act theorist, picks out what in his opinion are some of Derrida's obvious mistakes and corrects them in a tone of high disdain. The piece in review is Derrida's response to Searle's "Reply," published simultaneously and under the same title in French and English. In French as a pamphlet, in English as a part of Glyph 2. In it, with a mocking show of elaborate patience, Derrida exposes Searle's critique to be off the mark in every way. Whereas Searle's essay is brusque and all too brief, Derrida's is long and parodistically courteous and painstaking.


This work is concerned with the exponential stability of an output-based control scheme where the measured output is subjected to event-triggered sampling. We propose a new event-based sampling criterion based on the memory of the measured output instead of only the current output. This allows to prevent accumulation of sampling times. The exponential stability is analyzed by using a Lyapunov-based approach, providing a link between the sampling criterion and the decay rate. Several numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered scheme.


Early diagnosis, timely prevention and treatment of comorbid and polymorbid conditions are extremely relevant in the practice of doctors of outpatient polyclinic institutions. Dyscirculatory encephalopathy is one of the most pressing problems of modern neurology due to its high prevalence. Currently, along with the growth of cerebrovascular diseases, there is an increase in endocrine pathology, especially hypothyroidism.
The aim: Therefore, the goal of our study was to improve the diagnosis of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy and concomitant hypothyroidism in conditions of polyclinics.
Materials and methods. A clinical-neurological, neuropsychological, instrumental, and laboratory examination of 97 patients was conducted, including 60 patients with HDE and accompanying hypothyroidism and 37 with hypertensive dyscirculatory encephalopathy (HDE) without hypothyroidism.
Results. According to the results of the study, it was proven that cerebral disorders in patients with HDE have a more pronounced progression in the presence of concomitant hypothyroidism. Patients with concomitant hypothyroidism complained more and more often about tearfulness (p=0.03), vertigo (p=0.01), dizziness (p=0.04). In patients with HDE and accompanying hypothyroidism, the severity of neurological deficits, such as unsteadiness in Romberg's pose, ataxia when walking, missed finger-nose test, mixed type of dermographism, significantly (p<0.05) prevailed over the indicators of patients with HDE without accompanying pathologies of the thyroid gland.
Thus, patients with comorbid pathology (HDE and accompanying hypothyroidism) need more meticulous dispensary supervision, in outpatient settings and close interaction of a neurologist, endocrinologist, therapist and family doctor.
 Conclusions. In patients with hypertensive dyscirculatory encephalopathy and concomitant hypothyroidism, there are cerebrasthenic, vestibulo-ataxic, and mnestic syndromes observed significantly more often (p<0.05),


Resource allocation is a difficult constraint satisfaction problem that has many practical applications. Fully automatic systems are often rejected by the ultimate users because, in many real-world environments, constraints cannot be formalized completely. On the other hand, humans are overwhelmed by the complexity of their task. We present a new way of solving the resource allocation, where a computer builds dynamic abstractions that simplify problem solving to the point that the user can intervene in the solution of the problem. These abstractions are based on the concept of interchangeability introduced by Freuder.

In this paper, we describe a heuristic for decomposing a resource allocation problem into abstractions that reflect interchangeable sets of tasks or resources. We assess the "quality" of the discovered neighborhood interchangeable sets by comparing them to the ones obtained by the exact algorithm described by Freuder, both for data taken from a real-world application and for randomly generated problems.


Firstly,standard curve for the determination of naphthalene content in camphor pellets was established using pure naphthalene as standard material and methanol as eluent.Then the naphthalene content in the five kinds of camphor pellets which were purchased randomly from the market were determined by HPLC.The results showed that most of the camphor pellets contained high naphthalene.This method may be a simple and fast quantitative method for the determination of naphthalene content in camphor pellet.


This paper describes an application of recently developed results on linear parametrically varying systems (LPVs) with brief instabilities reported in [3] to the problem of designing a nonlinear vision/inertial navigation filter for an aircraft approaching an aircraft carrier is included. The results developed provide the proper framework to deal with out-of-frame events that arise when the vision system loses its target temporarily. Field tests with a prototype unmanned air vehicle illustrate the performance of the filter and illustrate the scope of applications of the new theory.


Facing many obstacles,we need complementary policy to boost the regrouping of stated-owned enterprises.It is not useful for promoting the regrouping of stated-owned enterprises to use single measure.The government should produce environment for the transformation of enterprise institution,uphold regrouping of state-owned enterprises depending on the capital market,build the new system of stated-owned property management and new society safeguarding system,push the strategic regrouping of state-owned economy through the reform of finance system.


Introgression was studied in Salvia apiana and S. mellifera in two respects. First, a geographical survey was made to determine characteristic parameters of variation and the nature and extent of hybridization. Secondly, published and unpublished introgression data collected over a timespan of 30 years were analyzed to determine the stability of an introgressed population. Environmental data were assayed to assist in the interpretation of morphological variation in flower structure. Pollen viability was investigated for both species and their hybrids and found to be high in both parental and introgressed individuals. Computer analyses were used to test relationships between characters, to calculate descriptive statistics, and to identify any time-related changes. Results of the geographical studies in S. mellifera showed no statistically significant variation due to environmental or geographical factors, whereas populations of S. apiana showed statistically significant variation, indicating a topocline. Data from this study of introgression were compared to Anderson and Anderson's original data of 1952. Progressive gene infiltration (introgression) and long term maintenance of introgression was documented. Further, it was demonstrated that at three different sites introgressed populations persist in the absence of one of the parental species, S. apiana in each case.


Background  Slow‐transit constipation (STC) is recognized in children but the etiology is unknown. Abnormalities in substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated. The density of nerve fibers in circular muscle containing these transmitters was examined in colon from children with STC and compared to other pediatric and adult samples.


The present invention relates to one kind of microcapsule with three or more coatings of different materials and different functions. Possessing three or more coatings of different materials outside the core, the microcapsule may have ultraviolet ray strength sensing color change and heat resistance up to 280 deg.c simultaneously, or may have temperature sensing color change and heat resistance up to 280 deg.c simultaneously, or may have heat resistance up to 280 deg.c alone.


The predictive torque control of the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor model traverses all 7 voltage vectors generated by the inverter, and the computational burden is relatively large. Three simplified control strategies are proposed through the combination of constraints such as torque error, flux linkage position and flux linkage error. Simplified strategy one adopts the torque error constraint. When the torque error is within the error range, the motor system directly outputs zero voltage vector, otherwise, it still traverses 7 voltage vectors. On the basis of simplified strategy I, the flux position and flux linkage error constraints are added, and simplified strategy II and simplified strategy III are proposed. The simulation and experimental results show that the permanent magnet synchronous motor system can operate normally under the control of the three simplified strategies. Compared with traditional model predictive torque control, the control effects of the three simplified strategies are basically the same. The average switching frequency is reduced to 76%, 74%, and 74%, and the average number of traverse voltage vectors is reduced to 57%, 32%, and 29, respectively. %, the total calculation time is reduced to 57.70%, 32.96%, and 29.48%. It is verified that the simplified strategy has less sacrifice to system performance, effectively reducing the computational burden of model predictive torque control and improving real-time performance.


Aiming at the problem of citrus identification in different growth periods, this paper proposes a detection method improved manifold ranking based on graph to realize the status monitoring and yield evaluation of green citrus in growth periods; to realize target recognition of mature yellow citrus and help automatic picking. Firstly, aiming at the problem of uneven image brightness, this paper uses a method combining fuzzy set theory and local contrast to enhance the image. Then, to solve the problem of inaccurate detection caused by the traditional manifold ranking algorithm relying on the prior edge, a method combining the relative total variation and local complexity is used to extract the foreground to remove the boundary foreground hyperpixel blocks. After manifold ranking, the saliency map is obtained. Subsequently, the saliency map is merged with the foreground and then the final saliency map is obtained by manifold ranking again. In addition, experiments have found that there is a problem of edge information loss during citrus segmentation. Therefore, this paper proposes a segmentation optimization method that combines Otsu method and hyperpixel segmentation map. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively recognize green and yellow citrus regions, and the recognition accuracy of yellow citrus is slightly higher than that of green citrus, in which the segmentation accuracy of green and yellow citrus is 94.87% and 97.08% respectively.


Abstract This article presents reflections on our experience with quilombola women, through the lens of the coloniality of power-knowledge. The text aims to challenge the contradictions we face as researchers (the place of power and knowledge) and as women (the self in its dimensions of race, gender, class, or labor). We describe the workshop we presented over four days with the participation of the quilombola women, as well as the quilombo community where the activities were held. We discuss the performance of coloniality during the time we spent together and how it was present in the organization of knowledge and in our bodies, the repercussions of coloniality on ourselves, and the possibility of decolonizing knowledge and subjects, in spite of the colonial pattern of power. The activities we carried out with these women left marks on us and served as a stimulus for us to decolonize ourselves, our judgments of the object-other, as well as our writing and research practices.


With the approach of the big data era, the risks and problems of information data security influence people's life and even public security seriously. To relieve these issues, integrative security protection system for full life cycle of big data is proposed, of which SM Crypto Algorithm is introduced for data security protection of all phases in data life cycle, including data collection, data transmission, data storage, data exchange and sharing, and data destruction. Relying on the safety performance of SM2 (the public key cryptographic algorithm based on elliptic curves) and SM4 (the block cipher algorithm), the protection mechanism ensures the security of the identity access control and encryption of data transmission, storage, exchange and application.


There have been many different points about the formation and development of Mao Zedong's thought of surpassing and catching up with in academic domain,having been many disputes about the choice of Mao Zedong's strategy of surpassing and catching up with.What's more,there is a phenomenon of confusing them under the research.This article is set to talk about some viewpoints about them.


Purpose: This retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients who had suspicious or proven lung cancers with curative intent. Methods: Between January 2001 and May 2004, consecutive patients who had suspicious or proven lung cancers with curative intent and had a FDG-PET scan in our hospital were enrolled. The including criteria were at least one of the follows: (1) had an indeterminated solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in chest X-ray (CXR) or chest computed tomography (CT); (2) had histologically proven lung cancer with clinically stage ≤ Ⅲb; (3) had suspicious or proven recurrent/residual lung cancer. Patients who did not meet the following criteria were excluded: (a) was not followed up for more than 6 months after PET scan (b) had the history of second cancers and the possibility of pulmonary metastases could not be ruled out (c) had incomplete chart or image records. The diagnostic criterion was tissue proven or clinical follow up. Finally, 53 patients were included in this study (mean age 58 years, 37 male and 16 female). Ten were criteria 1, 27 were 2, and 16 were 3. Results: In all (patient-based), the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FDG-PET vs. conventional images were 93.3% vs. 37.9%, 66.7% vs. 94.7%, 83.3% vs. 60.4%, 82.4% vs. 91.7%, and 85.7% vs. 50.0%, respectively. For criteria 1, FDG-PET correctly ruled out the possibility of malignancy in 7 patients. However, 3 (30%) false- positives were found. Two (66.7%) were due to tuberculosis. As for criteria 2, FDG-PET confirmed the findings in conventional images in 17 (62%) patients and disclosed unexpected lesions in 10 (38%) patients. 16 (59%) patients changed their stage and 14 changed (50%) treatment planning. For criteria 3, four (25%) were proven to be disease-free, 9 (56%) were confirmed to have recurrent/residual disease, and 3 (20%) were found to have unexpected lesions after PET. Twelve patients (75%) changed their treatment planning. Overall, PET ruled out possible lesions in 20% (11/53) of patients and confirmed the findings of conventional images in 50% (26/53) of patients. It also discovered unexpected lesions in 25% (13/53) of patients. Twenty (40%) patients' stage and 26 (50%) patients' treatment were altered due to FDG-PET. Conclusion: FDG-PET had a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value for lung cancer patient with curative intent than conventional images. It is especially useful in detecting unexpected distant metastases or residual/recurrent disease.


Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is an enamel defect with white, yellow or black colour due to minerals insufficient during tooth development. The abnormality of prismatic enamel structures and tooth hypersensitivity on patients with MIH may disturb the success rate of restoration. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of MIH in primary school children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling on 619 primary school children at Pasteur Urban Village of Bandung City, Indonesia. All dentition were scored using the European Association of Paediatric Dentist (EAPD) MIH scoring sheet, and oral hygiene status assessment with simplified OHI. All data were descriptively described using distribution table. Results: Distribution of MIH on total of 619 children were scored as follows: 0,1,1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 (0 = free enamel defect; 6, 7, and 8 = alteration to non MIH; 1 -5 and 9 -10 = MIH) with frequencies 417(67.36%), 39(6.30%), 60(.65%), 13(2.10%), 0(0.00%), 7(1.13%), 0(0.00%), 4(0.65%), 0(0.00%), 26(4.20%), 58(9.36%), 0(0.00%), and 49(7.91%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of children with MIH in primary school is quite high (19% (118 out of 619 participants)). The highest prevalence is found at the 11 years old group with 49 participants (36.84%), while the prevalence in boys (83 (62.4%)) is found to be higher than girls (50 (37.59%)).Keywords: Prevalence, Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH), primary school children


Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called links or lines). Graph theory is rapidly moving into the mainstream of mathematics mainly because of its applications in diverse fields which include biochemistry (genomics), electrical engineering (communication networks and coding theory), computer science (algorithms and computations) and operations research (scheduling). For example, a data structure can be designed in the form of a tree which in turn utilized vertices and edges. Similarly, modelling of network topologies can be done using graph concepts. In the same way, the most important concept of graph coloring is utilized in resource allocation, scheduling. Also, paths, walks and circuits in graph theory have tremendous applications in traveling salesman problem, database design concepts, resource networking. This leads to the development of many new algorithms and new theorems. This special issue on "Computations in Applied Mathematics and Graph Theory" aims to collate original and novel research articles with the main focus on concepts and techniques of graph theory and its applications in solving real world problems. These will include not only the direct applications of graph theory but also to link it with other applied areas directly connected with the development of society.


The control of the hand in primate species is characterized by a high dimensionality, due to the large number of joints in the fingers. In this study we present how its manipulation can be simplified without compromising its usage, through a constraint methodology that is inspired from recent neurobiological findings. We further develop a computational model, consisting of several brain areas related to hand control, using a co-evolutionary architecture. Due to its neurobiological basis the methodology gives rise to a number of emergent properties that have been shown to occur in primate species during reach-to-grasp tasks.


This article is a review of sociological and socio-anthropological researches, the objective of which is to generalize the experience of realization of educational projects oriented toward racial minorities in USA. The article focuses on the data of American researchers. On the one hand, educational reforms for racial and ethnic groups in USA are aimed at overcoming segregation processes, but on the other hand, the reforms cannot completely eliminate structural barriers that are consistently reproduced in schools and universities. Special attention is paid to the influence on the part of families and communities.


The paper is a study about the process of import substitution industrialisation in Brazil (1930-1980). Given the central role played by the state, the concepts of state capacity and developmental state are employed to understand why the process was not able to produce more consistent results. The paper shows how the state increased its involvement in the economy after 1930, improving its capacity to promote economic development. It also emphasises the obstacles that constrained the action of the state and impeded that its intervention produced a more balanced and self-sustained process of development. In this sense, the paper is also a study about the difficulties to replicate the positive results obtained by the developmental states in Japan and Korea. The paper concentrates special attention in the period 1974-1978, in which the military government implemented an ambitious program of industrial restructuring.


The theoretical system of the State Grid energy internet strategy is studied in this paper. This paper combs the scientific connotation of the State Grid energy Internet strategic goal under the dual carbon goal. Combining the policy requirements of state-owned enterprise reform with the requirements of electric power system reform, a systematic and theoretical understanding has emerged. The scientific connotation of the energy Internet strategic system of the State Grid at the current stage is proposed, which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for relevant departments. The result showed that the State Grid energy Internet strategy system formed a complete system, covering all aspects of enterprise development, connecting the foundation, ability, image and achievements of development, and is highly systematic, scientific and adaptable.


Inhibiting decoding apparatus the occurrence of abnormal noise caused by the layer switch. In this decoding apparatus, first layer decoding section (202) performs decoding processing on the first layer encoded data, it generates the first layer decoded signal, second layer decoding section (203), second performs decoding processing on the layer encoded data, it generates the first layer decoded error signal, an adder (204) generates the sum of the first layer decoded signal and first layer decoded error signal, second layer decoding generates a signal, the switching unit (205), based on the layer information, by switching the first layer decoded signal and the second layer decoded signal output by the post filter (206) is controlled corresponding to each layer information select a parameter by performing smoothing processing of the control parameter generates a smooth control parameter, using the generated smoothed control parameters, filter processing on the decoded signal from the switching unit (205) Do.


In an article recently published in Blood, Elliott et al[1][1] reported that commercially available anti–erythropoietin receptor (anti-EpoR) antibodies are hardly usable to predict EpoR expression because of their low specificity and affinity. Although we agree with the authors that many of these


We consider the current state of the electric power industry of Russia and the main trends in the power industry in the majority of the developed countries. Economic benefits of introducing Smart Grid technologies in Russia are discussed and some suggestions are made regarding the improvement of the industry's efficiency through the transition to an innovative type of the electric power engineering development.


Manganese oxides are of more interest to researchers because of their ability as catalysts and lithium batteries. In this research, MnO2 nanowires with diameter about 45 nm were synthesized by sol–gel method at room temperature (RT). Effect of increasing the annealing temperature from 400∘C to 600∘C on crystalline structure of nanostructure were studied and average crystallite size was estimated about 22 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nanowires of MnO2.


The quite famous "lone hand argument" contained in Kant's pre-critical essay Concerning the Ultimate Ground of the Differentiation of Directions in Space (1768), was criticised in many ways. After several observations, based on the concepts of contemporary geometry, about Kant's errors in his accounting for incongruent counterparts, a very different criticism has now been advanced. It maintains that Kant's argument involves a paralogism, due to a confusion in the terminology of the geometry of his age. The present paper deals first with a problem that follows from such a claim, namely that in Kant's essay there are clues which suggest he is intentionally employing a different terminology. It then proposes an alternative reading, which would have allowed Kant to avoid the paralogism by thinking of orientation as strictly analogous with magnitude.


Objective:To assess the protective effects of irbesartan on diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:A total of sixty diabetic nephropathy patients were enrolled in the randomized controlled study.They were randomly divided into three groups:the patient in union therapy group(group A) was treated with insulin only,irbesartan intensive therapy group(group B) and double dose irbesartan intensive therapy group(group C).Before treatment,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),blood pressure,lipid and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),creatinine clearance rate were assessed at the same time.All variables were measured in all subjects after treatment.Results:There was significant difference of UAER level before and after treatment in group B and C(P0.05).The UAER level decreased more markedly in group C than in group A and B after treatment.There was significant difference of creatinine clearance rate level in three groups(P0.05)after treatment.Conclusion:Irbesartan has the protective effects on kidney and delays the advance of DN.It is recommended that irbesartan may be conventionally used in the early stage of DN.


Because of complex terrain,hypsographic feature,complicated ditches,soft ground and other features,it should be considered completely,analyze all kinds of influential factors and compare in many ways in order to get the best way during the engineering design.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to participate in the current debate on developing the theoretical basis for the concept and process of benchmarking. The paper aims to explore the prospects for a new form of benchmarking – networking benchmarking – and adopts, as the scientific framework of the process, an action research approach that combines scientific method and practical developmental work.Design/methodology/approach – In order to explore the possibilities of these new theoretical constructions, this study applies them in a Nordic project, in which the representatives of five Nordic countries studied together how to develop their national statistical procedures on woman entrepreneurship by benchmarking and developing best practices for use in the Nordic countries.Findings – The results supported the idea that benchmarking is a special kind of action research. The results also indicated that the need for explicating and mutually sharing adopted theoretical frames turned out to be one of the key...


Base on the expansion and development period of the large coal enterprises in China as the background, the paper analyzed the industrial expansion and development, regional expansion and development, capital expansion and development, and the industrial, regional, personnel, culture and multi element features from the expansion. The paper analyzed the rapid expansion and multi element development affected to the personnel demands and supply tension, serious cultural clashing, transfer channel unsmooth and others to the human resources management. The paper proposed the countermeasures of the rational allocation and personnel training, culture integration and training, personnel transfer channel and other human resources allocation and training.


In order to improve the ultimate bearing capacity,the theory of functionally graded material is introduced.Thick-walled cylinder with functionally graded characteristics is gained by analyzing the different reinforcing methods along the radial direction.The stress state of the thick-walled cylinder with plain concrete and three different reinforcing methods under the radical uniform load are analyzed.Comparisons and evaluations are provided on basis of ANSYS results.A reasonable reinforcing method,whose reinforcement ratio near the outer is large and that near the inner is small,is different from the traditional methods.But the above-mentioned method is the worst method and it is wrong that reinforcing the part with large circumferential stress in the case of thick-walled cylinder.


The purpose of the article is to review some points of the doctrine of the employment contract, which are important in the context of reforming labor laws of Ukraine. It is noted that scientists Trudoviks use different forms of expression, to describe the diversity of understandings employment contract and to cover all its significance, however, the author argues that, yet again, in this case correctly applied the term "dimension". The author emphasizes that understanding the employment contract in any respect as any contract at all, can not be described without historical formation and development component. The conclusion is based on the definition of the agreement (conventio) in Roman law, which became the basis to understand the transactions in the present, in particular, labor law, employment contract that actually occurs is concluded and thus creates obligations only when an agreement was reached (agreement) parties, which found its expression outwardly expressed will of the parties of the employment contract, that there has been a will of both sides of the employment contract, which intersect at a single common point. Thus, the author argues that the employment contract is a double-crossing him volevyyavlen two sides - employees and employers or, in short, the employment contract will be the embodiment of its two sides. And it is this author's opinion, should be the starting point in understanding the legal regulation of the employment contract during its reform. Key words: employment contract, the parties will employment contract, freedom of will of the parties of the employment contract.


The City of Zagreb is capitol of Croatia placed in Europe, in the Pannonian Basin composed of Neogene and Quaternary sediments. At the territory of the City relief types changes in north-south direction encompassing 368.1 km2 of lowland area with slope <3 degrees. The total City area is 640 km2 and includes the urban area (Zagreb City) and 69 settlements with 792, 875 residents (18% of the total Croatian population). Although measures have been taken in the City of Zagreb to promote land use, development and construction practices that do not exacerbate the geologic hazard problem, the lack of recognition of geohazard prone terrain and incomplete understanding of the underground conditions still exists. This paper addresses engineering geological conditions at the area of the City as well as short overview of historical seismic-geotechnical and landslide hazard zonation from 60-thies till today. The historical performance of Zagreb geohazard zoning and system of geotechnical data archiving in assisting identification of the ground conditions and hazardous phenomena demonstrates that it is necessary to establish system of data collection and data zonation for geo-planning purposes. In the frame of this research, spatial interpretation of geological structure of City subsurface is transferred in GIS project to enable gathering of information about depths and thickness of lithostratigraphical formations which are important for planning of detailed ground investigations.


Micro-blog marketing has become a main business model for social networks nowadays. On social networking sites (e.g., Twitter), micro-blog marketing enables the advertisers to put ads to attract customers to buy their products. During this process, a rather key step for the success of advertisers is to conduct marketing researches to discover which micro-blog users are their potential customers who can greatly promote their products to other customers so that the advertising investment can be greatly reduced. This problem is considered as "influence maximization" issue. In this paper and in attempt to discover the influential users in micro-blog marketing, we try to analyze the influences of nodes in a micro-blog network and propose a Community Scale-Sensitive Maxdegree (CSSM) algorithm for maximizing the influences when placing ads. Experimental results on the very hot micro-blog service (i.e., Twitter dataset) demonstrate that our proposed CSSM algorithm significantly outperforms other related node selection strategies, in terms of the influence spread and time complexity.


AbstractBecause of inhospitable terrain, there are practical difficulties in the acquisition of gravity or satellite data for determining the earth's gravity field in high mountain regions. Also, because of the limitations of both gravimetric and astrogeodetic-gravimetric methods in the absence of observational data and the difficulties in direct application of satellite techniques using satellite altimetry, laser ranging, Doppler etc. due to geographic inaccessibility, a geodynamic method with a higher degree geopotential coefficient solution appears to be the only alternative in determining the earth's gravity field without recourse to actual ground observations. In addition, the terrestrial free-air gravity anomaly data as used in existing geopotential coefficient solutions, appear to be defective on various counts noted in [3].Apart from providing improved formulae for the computation of 1° × 1° mean free-air gravity anomalies through extended forms of regression equations having both station elevatio...


The aims of this study were to compare skipjack catch between FAD and free school fishing grounds and to describe the effect of the oceanographic factors on either skipjack tuna Fish Aggregating Device (FAD) or free school.  We used a field survey method for collecting the skipjack catch and the fishing positions for both near FAD and free school areas.  Remotely sensed satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) were also used to extract the oceanographic data corresponding with both the fishing locations. To find out the vital oceanographic factors, we examined the characteristics of the oceanographic variables and skipjack catch using t-test. Results indicated that the fishing operations of skipjack tuna at FAD tended to locate areas of relatively higher Chl-a than at free school locations. We also found that skipjack tuna catch was higher near the FAD than the other area, where the Chl-a was the most significant factor that affected the difference. This study suggests that the number of skipjack tuna FAD in the coastal waters of Bone Bay should be calculated accurately to ensure and support the tuna fishing management in that study area.


Retroviruses replicate by integrating a DNA copy of their genome into cellular DNA (1). The integrated DNA is replicated along with cellular DNA during each cell-division cycle and is the template for transcription of RNAs required for production of progeny virus. DNA integration is mediated by the virally encoded integrase enzyme and occurs at essentially any location in the host DNA, but each group of retroviruses exhibits distinct regional preferences (2). For example, HIV-1 and closely related retroviruses called lentiviruses preferentially integrate in active transcription units. The mechanistic basis of the target-site preference of HIV-1 DNA integration is not well understood, but studies suggest that a cellular protein called lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) plays a key role (3). LEDGF binds to both HIV-1 integrase and chromatin, and in a popular model, it tethers the viral integration machinery to chromatin (4). In this issue of PNAS, Ferris et al. (5) provide strong support for this model and show that the targeting preference of HIV-1 can be changed simply by swapping the chromatin-binding domain (CBD) of LEDGF.


The papers [MRT05], [CGS07], [XXG12], and [XXCB14] combine the techniques of the Fast Multipole Method of [GR87], [CGR98] with the transformations of matrix structures, traced back to [P90]. The resulting numerically stable algorithms approximate the solutions of Toeplitz, Hankel, Toeplitz-like, and Hankel-like linear systems of equations in nearly linear arithmetic time, versus the classical cubic time and the quadratic time of the previous advanced algorithms. We extend this progress to decrease the arithmetic time of the known numerical algorithms from quadratic to nearly linear for computations with a large class of matrices that have structure of Cauchy or Vandermonde type and for the evaluation and interpolation of polynomials and rational functions. We detail and analyze the new algorithms, and in [Pa] we extend them further.


Nonstoichiometric magnetites can potentially play significant role in many physical, chemical, and biomedical applications due to their variable and controllable magnetic properties. We carried out thermally induced solid-state preparation of nonstoichiometric magnetites with various degree of stoichiometry using high-temperature reaction chamber of an X-ray powder diffractometer by maghemite reduction by hydrogen gas in the temperature range between 145 and 200 °C. Subsequently, the prepared samples were characterized in details by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and magnetization measurements. 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy served as a tool for the stoichiometry quantification of the prepared samples comparing the relative areas of subspectra components. Stoichiometry of the prepared magnetite samples varied between 0.31 and 0.45. Cubic (53 wt.%) and tetragonal (47 wt.%) maghemite substructures were identified in X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the precursor maghemite sample. Th...


Additional Prefaces from Hazel Henderson, Randeep Sudan, and new original material added in each chapter. Considers impact of Covid-19 and influence beyond health and hygiene, impacting economic, social and geopolitical affairs, and the need for humankind change many established behaviour patterns, including lifestyle, working practices and diet.


Aim To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of orthodontic adhesives (RBOAs) cured with dual peak or single peak light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). Materials and methods Standardized samples of RBOAs, APCPlus, Opal® Bond® and LightBondTM were prepared (n = 3) and cured with one of two dual peak LCUs (bluephase® G2-Ivoclar-Vivadent or Valo-Ultradent) or a single peak control (bluephase® Ivoclar-Vivadent). The DC was determined using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The presence or absence of initiators other than camphorquinone was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analysed using general linear model in Minitab 15 (Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA). Results There was no significant difference in DC between APCPlus, and Opal® Bond (confidence interval: −3·89– to 2·48); significant difference between APCPlus and LightBondTM (−18·55 to −12·18) and Opal® Bond and LightbondTM (−17·85 to −11·48); no significant difference between bluephase (single peak) and dual peak LCUs, bluephase G2 (−4·896 to 1·476) and Valo (−3·935 to 2·437) and between bluephase G2 and Valo (−2·225 to 4·147). APCPlus and Opal® Bond showed higher DC values than LightBondTM (P<0·05). Lucirin® TPO was found only in Vit-l-escence. Conclusion Lucirin® TPO was not identified in the three orthodontic adhesives. All three LCUs performed similarly with the orthodontic adhesives: orthodontic adhesive make had a greater effect on DC than the LCUs. It is strongly suggested that manufacturers of resin-based orthodontic materials test report whether or not dual peak LCUs should be used with their materials. Dual peak LED LCUs, though suitable in the majority of cases, may not be recommended for certain non Lucirin® TPO-containing materials.


Abstract : In order to understand the resistance of passive films formed during corrosion processes, an analytical technique using x-ray diffraction was developed to examine the structure of metal in closest proximity to the metal / liquid interface. The in-situ structure at the metal liquid interface was examined for 90 % copper and 10 % nickel (90-10 Cu-Ni) in KOH solution at room temperature and at four different potentistatically controlled potentials (-0.5 V, - 0.1 V, + 0.5 V and +0.10 V versus Ni/NiO). The chemical changes at the metal interface were studied over a period of 48 hours. It was found that the integrity of the 90-10 Cu-Ni foil in KOH was lost after a continued application of the potential over 48 hours. The x-ray diffraction results indicated that the structure of both the inner and the outer passive layers, at -0.5V and - 0.1 V (versus Ni/NiO), is comprised of Ni(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, NiOOH and Cu2O NiO. Similarly the structure of the interfaces at + 0.5 V and + 0.10 V (versus Ni/NiO) contains NiO, Ni2O3, Cu2O NiO and Ni2CuO3. XPS analysis of the surface structure (primarily of the outer passive layer) suggests that at - 0.50 V (versus Ni/NiO) the structure consists of Ni(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 and CuO. The structure at +0.50 V (versus Ni/NiO) consists of NiO, Ni2O3, Ni(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 and CuO. It is therefore possible that the structure of inner passive layer may be NiOOH at - 0.5 V and - 0.10 V and Ni(OH)2 at + 0.50 V and + 0.1 V.


The human rights diplomacy of the United States appeared late in 1970s,having its profound sources.Human rights has got the extensive but deep cultural and historical foundation in the United States,so this article tries to discuss the influence of special culture,history and economy on the human rights diplomacy of the United States.In doing so that,the power politics and hegemonism of the United States can be understood completely.


Volume 1 • Issue 7 • 2012 pointing the way towards Mecca inciting rites [6], or accessing mobile news. But primarily, they are employed for communication, most often by talking or doing text messaging. Access to landline phones has increased the chance of survival during a medical emergency by reducing the response time of health professionals [7]. When a landline is not possible, the mobile phone has been used to the same benefit [7]. Mobile phones may manage our social interactions, such as arranging events or initiating contact [8].


Graves disease(GD)is one of the common autoimmue thyroid diseases,the pathogenesis of which is still unknown.Presently,several genes have been confirmed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of GD,especially the thyroid stimulating homrone receptor(TSHR)gene,which is both susceptible and specific.As a major autoantigen,TSHR is a key link in the autoimmune response of GD which can cause the production of thyrotropin receptor antibody.Because TRAb is the major immunological marker in the progress of GD,it should be paid more attention in the research in the diagnosis,therapeutic selection,and prognosis of GD,to provide scientific evidence for making individual treatment solution.


"SM" Block is located at Makassar Strait, as a part of South Makassar
Basin (SMB) which is very potential for oil and gas exploration in Eastern
Indonesia. Indication of hydrocarbon seepages within study area based on
Airborne Laser Fluorescence (ALF) survei as well as gas discovery in Makassar
Strait-1 prove that petroleum system is working in SMB. However, detail studies in this area is still not developed well. One of the studies which can be utilized for further discoveries of oil and gas field is study of depositional fasies using seismic facies method to maximize limited 2D seismic data and well data.
Seven sequences have been extracted based on seismic facies in "SM"
Block. Three fault patterns were influenced SMB, which are 2 Paleogene Rifting
patterns (Taka Talu (TTFZ) and Adang (AFZ)) and West Sulawesi Fold Belt
(WSFB). In contrary, northeastern-southwestern TTFZ is the only main fault
pattern which were implied in "SM" Block.
Interpretation of depositional facies model in Eocene (syn-rift phase) was
varied from aluvial plain and aluvial fan complex, continued gradually to platform and basinal plain. In Oligocene time (post-rift phase), transgression caused deepening to marine environment with lateral variation of platform, slope, while basinal plain in "SM" Block. Early Miocene - recent interval (syn-orogenic phase), SMB experienced slightly progradation eventough in marine condition respectively. This tectonic phase was not influenced the environment of "SM" Block, which relatively stable in basinal plain.


Background There are certain pre-existing conditions which leads in increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine shared genetic architecture between COVID-19 severity and other medical conditions using electronic health record (EHR) data from diverse patient populations. Methods and Findings: We conducted Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of genetic variants associated with severe COVID-19 in two biobanks with EHR and genomic data: 1) Veteran Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP), 2) United Kingdom Biobank (UKBB). Genetic variants associated with critical illness (n=48) or hospitalization (n=39) due to COVID-19 from COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association studies. Phenotypes defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes mapped to clinically relevant groups using published PheWAS methods; pre-COVID-19 data used to avoid potential confounding. Among 455,683 US Veterans from MVP, variants associated with severe COVID-19 tested for association across 1,559 phenotypes; 353,365 UK Biobank participants, and 1,064 phenotypes tested. Genetic variants at ABO locus (rs550057, rs505922) associated with the largest number of phenotypes (nrs55057= 53 and nrs505922=61); strongest association with venous embolism, odds ratio (OR)rs550057 1.27 (p=5.28 x 10-116), and thrombosis ORrs505922 1.31, p=3.5 x10-183. Among 67 respiratory conditions tested, only idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, OR rs2277732 1.17, p=1.3410-05, and asthma ORrs143334143 0.94, p=2.31 x10-04, shared variants with severe COVID-19. The RAVER1 locus (rs74956615) associated with reduced risk for autoimmune conditions, e.g. psoriasis OR 0.71, p= 1.53 x10-22, rheumatoid arthritis, OR 0.78, p=1.04 x 10-09; findings replicated in UKBB. A known functional missense variant (rs34536443, TYK2) in the region had the highest linkage disequilibrium with rs74956615, suggesting signal was likely from TYK2. In MVP, PheWAS results stratified by genetic ancestry did not demonstrate significant difference in associations across ancestry. Conclusions Shared genetic architecture between COVID-19 severity and conditions related to underlying risk factors for severe and poor COVID-19 outcomes; associations similar across genetic ancestries. Divergent association between inflammatory conditions and severe COVID may be explained by known pathway impairing signaling of inflammatory cytokines, reducing risk for autoimmunity; same pathway reduces type 1 interferon signaling, critical for viral host defense. Caution needed when targeting pathways that may balance immune tolerance and immunodeficiency to treat COVID-19.


In 196 cases, there was no ill effect whatever. In 25 cases skin reactions only occurred, I after 5 grains, 3 alter 10, 6 after 20, 2 after 40, 3 after 8o, 4 after 1 6o, 5 after 240, and I after 320 grains. In 4 cases, there was a rise of temperature only, whilst in I9 cases, there were both skin reactions and pyrexia. 3 occurred after 40 grains, 6 after 80, 5 alter 160, 3 after 240, I after first 320, and I after second dose of 320 grains.


Objective To investigate the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and its relationship with metastasis. Methods Expression of NF-κBp65 protein in NSCLC tissues (n=95) and normal tissues (n=27) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The expression rate of NF-κBp65 protein was 44.2% in NSCLC and 22.2% in the adjacent normal lung tissue (χ2=4.26,P0.05).The expression of NF-κBp65 in non-metastasis group was significantly lower than that in metastasis group (χ2=12.537,P0.01). Conclusion The results indicate that NF-κBp65 protein plays some role in the metastasis of NSCLC.


Labyrinth seals are used in many turbomachines to reduce the leakage from high to low pressure zones. In this paper, a new labyrinth seal design with a circular groove is presented. A 2D CFD simulation was used to model the leakage and optimize the tooth thickness of the new design and compare it to the traditional labyrinth seals with a rectangular groove. The rotordynamics coefficients for the new circular groove design as well as the traditional rectangular groove design were computed using 3D CFD simulations. The results show that the new proposed design provides less leakage than the traditional rectangular groove design. Moreover the new design provides more direct damping when compared to the traditional rectangular labyrinth seal.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


In the current health care scenario, security is the major concern in IoT-WSN with more devices or nodes. Attack or anomaly detection in the IoT infrastructure is increasing distress in the field of medical IoT. With the enormous usage of IoT infrastructure in every province, threats and attacks in these infrastructures are also mounting commensurately. This paper intends to develop a security mechanism to detect and prevent the black hole and selective forwarding attack from medical IoT-WSN. The proposed secure strategy is developed in five stages: First is selecting the cluster heads, second is generating k-routing paths, third is security against black hole attack, fourth is security against the selective forwarding attack, and the last is optimal shortest route path selection. Initially, a topology is developed for finding the cluster heads and discovering the best route. In the next phase, the black hole attacks are detected and prevented by the bait process. For detecting the selective forwarding attacks, the packet validation is done by checking the transmitted packet and the received packet. For promoting the packet security, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based hashing function is deployed. As the main contribution of this paper, optimal shortest route path is determined by the proposed hybrid algorithm with the integration of Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm (DHOA), and DragonFly Algorithm (DA) termed Dragonfly-based DHOA (D-DHOA) by concerting the parameters like trust, distance, delay or latency and packet loss ratio in the objective model. Hence, the entire phases will be very active in detecting and preventing the two fundamental attacks like a black hole and selective forwarding from IoT-WSN in the health care sector.


Charge transfer complexes formed by the 4,4' disubstituted derivaties of dicyanostilbenes : [FORMULA] (with X = X' H, CN, NO2, CI) and some saturated amines were studied.
 In the first publication of this series, an account will be given concerning the theoretical study by the LCAO MO method and the U.V. absorption spectra of the dicyanostilbenes.
 The theoretical study was made by the Huckel method with the usual approximation. Using the spectroscopic data, various properties (oscillation strength, angle of twisting, transition moment) of the molecules were calculated. Good correlation was obtained between these properties and the Hammett sigma values.
 It was shown that these properties can be very well predicted and explained by the theory. However for the prediction of the transition energy a more sophisticated method should be used.
 Solvent effect study has confirmed the assignment of the polarisation of the various absorption bands.


Our study aim was to evaluate neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) for the assessment of taxane chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), the dose‐limiting toxicity of this agent.