The action of some additives on cyanide-free electroplating of low-tin Cu-Sn alloy in pyrophosphate bath was studied by Hull cell test and direct-current electrolysis experiment.The bath composition and process conditions are as follows:Cu 2 P 2 O 7 ·3H 2 O 25 g/L,Sn 2 P 2 O 7 1.0 g/L,K 4 P 2 O 7 ·3H 2 O 250 g/L,K 2 HPO 4 ·3H 2 O 60 g/L,temperature 25℃,pH 8.5,and current density 1.0 A/dm 2.The effects of additives on the constitution,appearance,corrosion resistance,and micro-morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),and neutral salt spray test.The results showed that organic amine additive inhibits the deposition of Sn from the pyrophosphate bath,and makes the deposit more compact and uniform and presenting good corrosion resistance.The deposit is mainly of Cu 13.7 Sn structure,and content 9%-11% Sn.The content of Sn in Cu-Sn alloy deposit is decreased with increasing content of the additive in plating bath.


Eskom currently operates and maintains the South African section of the ± 533 kV HVDC Cahora-Bassa Transmission line between Mozambique and South Africa. At present, live work is not being conducted at full system voltage because of uncertainties with insulation and air gap integrity and to maintain the recommended safety clearances. The influence of the number of shattered glass discs and their relative position in the string on the flash-over voltage was investigated for both polarities. Tests were conducted at the Electric Power Research Institute's high voltage laboratory, in Lenox Massachusetts, USA up to the maximum available indoor test voltage of ± 1.1 MV. Results indicate that shattered discs significantly decrease the flash-over voltage of the string and this is dependent on the position and polarity of the test voltage. Tests investigating the influence of corona generated space charge on the flash-over voltage of the string have yielded inconclusive results.


Investigations into the relations between plankton and herring, using the Hardy Plankton Indicator, were carried out by this department during the years 1930 to 1933 (Hardy, Henderson, Lucas and Fraser, 1936). In planning this work Professor Hardy made provision for obtaininginformation, when possible, on weather conditions and on the occurrence of organisms which would not be caught in the plankton samples. Information on the presence of jelly-fish, was specifically requested. Skippers of drifters using the Indicator were asked to fill in a printed labelfor each disc giving details of ship, date, time, position and catch, and the following sentence was printed at the foot of the label:— " Any further notes regarding state ofweather, sea, presence of jelly-fish, or any unusual conditions may be written on the back." Since the details of date, position, catch, etc., were essential for the success of the Indicator experiments, only these were definitely asked for, and skippers were left to supply further information if they had time to do so. Much more exact and extensive information regarding the presence of jelly-fish arid other organisms could have been obtained if the enquiry had been confined to these points, and it is hoped that this may be done in the future, either from thisdepartment or by other workers. Russell (1935, b), in stressing the importance of plankton organisms as indicators of different hydrological conditions, says "it is especially valuableto watch for any correlations between the presence or absence of certain plankton animals with that of fish and larger swimming animals."


The following thesis intends to problematize and analyze the significance of body movement of fashion models and staging in fashion presentations. The thesis also intends to discuss how these two aspects help to create myths and especially the myth of the doll. The study's methodological base is a socio-semiotic analysis of three historical film clips with Grace Kelly, Twiggy and Shalom Harlow as participating models. The theoretical framework is based on the semiotician Roland Barthes' theories, sociologist Erving Goffman's writings on appearance and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theories about the body, social space and capital. The paper begins with analyzing the denotative and connotative levels of signification before scrutinizing the myth- and ideological levels of the clips. Finally the models body movements and staging are compared as enhancing the myth and dream of the living doll. The significance of the models body movements and staging for the presentation of fashion can be diverse and all of the clips contribute to a dramaturgic creation of a fashion context where the body, fashion, models and viewer interact.


Liberalization in international trade create an improtected business arrangement in which a hight competition will be taking place. This an avoidable situation will be faced by the constructions industry. For that the industry has to improve the professionalism of their members. The construction act number 18/1999 is an instrument of policy to improve their professionalism.

This study aim at obtaining information about the competence of construction consultant firms to perform the act. It is also to analyze their relationship between the firms conditions and the competence to perform the act. The sample consist of 33 consultant firms. Of those, 10 respondents are located in Semarang and 23 respondents are in Yogyakarta. A Person's correlation method were adapted to analyze the data.

The result show that the consultant firms have competence to perform the act. It is also shown that is a relationship between their conditions and their competence.


The impact of hemodialysis (HD) on aortoiliac (AI) occlusive lesions remains unknown. Here, we report the 3‐year clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) for AI occlusive lesions in propensity‐matched populations of patients who did and did not undergo HD.


Experimental installation of a conical plasma source and vacuum chamber capable of producing plasma clusters with velocities exceeding 10/sup 7/ cm/sec is described. The plasma cluster velocities as a function of condenser bank potential for a source with a reverse conductor and a source with a spiral reverse conductor were analyzed. The results showed that a spiral reverse conductor increases cluster velocity. Electric probe measurements showed that at 16 kw the average number of ions in a cluster was plus or minus x 10/sup 15/ cm/ sup -3/ at the source and plus or minus x 10/sup 11/ cm/su p -3/ at 70 cm from the source. The reverse spiral conductor produced a velocity of 3 x 10/sup 7/ cm/ sec, indicating a potential for producing deuterium or tritium clusters with velocities exceeding 3 x 10/sup 7/ cm/sec. (R.V.J.)


This paper reports a study of the development of cells that project to the retina from the telencephalic nucleus olfactoretinalis and the diencephalon. Stell et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:940‐944,'84) have shown that the FMRFamide‐immunoreactive (FMRFamide‐ir) cells in the nucleus olfactoretinalis project to the retina. Therefore, we used immunocytochemistry to study the development of these cells in the nucleus olfactoretinalis. Twenty hours after fry hatched, FMRFamide‐ir cells were unambiguously seen in the nucleus olfactoretinalis. At this time the axons of these cells could be traced into the optic nerve. A few hours later the axons were visible in the retina and soon attained their adult position in the inner plexiform layer near the amacrine cells.


This paper highlights the problems caused due to lack of planning in designing the building envelope for a building. In recent years, as construction technology advances, designers are focusing on decreasing the weight of buildings for high-rise constructions. Also, the trends in the market are to plan buildings with extensive use of mechanical ventilation systems. So, in this regard, a study was done to find out the symptoms that are found in such types of buildings by restoring to more mechanical ventilation. It is a structured questionnaire-based study to discover the common symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS). The locations which we chose for the survey included mixed environments like Dry climate, humid climate, hot climate, etc. Regions such as Karad, Kolhapur, and Vita had dry climates, while areas like Lonavala, Mumbai, and Airoli, had humid climates. Commonly found symptoms affected by the occupants were headaches, difficulty breathing, and concentration. The most significant factors are dust, glare, and light. Also, complaints of hay fever were given by the occupants. Headache, Difficulties in concentration, fatigue and cough are the prominent factors observed in the three months by the occupants. So it can be concluded that the mechanical ventilation should be aided with good recovery of the natural air inflow. Also, location-wise climatic conditions should be considered when planning the ventilation systems.


to work, and to walk or bike to work. There is no quantitative examination of the change in lifestyle that would be required to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions or of the far greater change that would be required to stabilize carbon dioxide concentrations. Likewise, the nuclear option, which already has been taken by a number of countries, most notably France, is in my view too quickly dismissed by invoking the specter of terrorism and myths such as the statement that a millionth of a gram of plutonium can give you lung cancer. Reasoned quantitative understanding is required just as much in discussion of our future energy economy as it is in discussion of atmospheric science. Despite the concerns that I note, I believe that Somerville has largely succeeded in his objective of conveying the scientific basis of major environmental change phenomena to an audience of interested nonscientists. He gives a broad overview of atmospheric science to nonspecialists but leavens it with enough human interest to keep his audience. An extensive glossary helps to reinforce the definitions that are introduced in the text. By the end of the book, the nonscientist reader will certainly have gained an appreciation of the atmospheric phenomena responsible for global change and a sense of the limits to the forgiveness of the air.


It analyzes causes of grouting pile constructive accidents and propounds main measures for preventing accidents from several main aspects,which has guiding function for control of grouting pile constructive quality and prevention of constructive accidents.


Previous studies of policy reforms that were undertaken during the recent global financial crisis mostly focused on fiscal consolidation, with much less attention paid to other structural reforms. Although the impact of such external shocks as crisis or change of government on systemic change is widely acknowledged, little agreement exists on which intervening factors can best account for successes or failures of reform commitments. In this article, we propose an innovative explanation that focuses on the variables of political attention and change leadership, and which analyses temporal political and policy dynamics of reform decision making. We conduct a comparative analysis of the four performance priorities of the 2008–2012 Lithuanian Government led by Prime Minister A. Kubilius. The article concludes that a combination of persistent high political attention to policy reforms and strong reform leadership aimed at mobilising coalition support are essential factors in fulfilling reform commitments.


The objectives of this paper are to: discuss the relevancy vs. reliability of current financial reporting practices, survey the literature that describes the impact of mark-to-market accounting, and critically examine current CAAP financial statements by comparing them to market value financial statements. With theoretical discussions and a case study, this paper shows that the mark-to-market accounting could present better about the economic reality of transactions, and therefore, tends to provide more useful and relevant information than does historical cost financial reporting. This study suggests that if the object of financial reporting is to provide useful information to the users, existing GAPP financial reporting requirements need to be substantially changed in the direction of market value financial reporting.


The paper presents the results of experimental studies in the field of automated information system creation. These results show possible problem solutions of automation of educational documentation development and support. Software realization options of automated information system are considered as adjusting


Chance constrained mathematical programming was used to compare the effects of two different crop yield relationships on the economic cost to irrigation farmers while maintaining an instream flow requirement. Results showed that the Stewart-Hagan programming model underestimated the economic cost and overestimated potential return flows. Water policies based on this model will lead to the implementation of socially unacceptable water allocation policies that may even apply more pressure on stream flows. Meaningful water policies could only be advanced by a thorough understanding of the economic and hydrological consequences of alternative water allocation policies through the integration of economic and hydrological models at catchment level.


Multiple-band metamaterial absorbers have been widely reported using the co-planar or layered design methods. However, these obtained absorption devices are of complex structure, large unit size, heavy weight, and time-consuming construction steps. Herein, an alternative design strategy is suggested to realize the multiple-band absorption at terahertz frequency. By introducing air gaps into the rectangular metallic patch, the original rectangular resonator can be divided into multiple sub-structures (or separated sections), and the combined effect of the localized resonance response of these sub-structures (or separated sections) gives rise to the multiple-band absorption. More importantly, the size, position and number of air gaps play the important roles in controlling the resonance performance of the absorption peaks and even in regulating the amount of the absorption peaks. Compared with the existing multiple-band absorption design strategies, the proposed approach does not increase the unit size, nor need to stack multiple layers, which provides important guidance for the design of multiple-band terahertz metamaterial absorbers with simple, compact, and easy to fabricate for full details.


1 Given evidence that fully-developed axisymmetric flow may be the exception rather than the 2 rule, even in nominally 'straight' arteries, maximum velocity ( V max ) may lie outside of the 3 Doppler sample volume (SV). The link between V max and derived quantities such as volume flow 4 ( Q ) may therefore be more complex than commonly thought. We performed idealised virtual 5 Doppler ultrasound on data from image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of 6 the normal human carotid artery and investigated how velocity profile skewing and choice of 7 sample volume affected V max waveforms and derived Q variables, considering common 8 assumptions about velocity profile shape (i.e. Poiseuille or Womersley). Severe velocity profile 9 skewing caused substantial errors in V max waveforms when using a small, centered SV, although 10 peak V max was reliably detected; errors with a long SV covering the vessel diameter were 11 orientation dependent but lower overall. Cycle-averaged Q calculated from V max was within 12 ±15%, although substantial skewing and use of a small SV caused 10-25% underestimation. 13 Peak Q derived from Womersley's theory was generally accurate to within ±10%. V max 14 pulsatility and resistance indexes differed from Q -based values, although Q -based resistance 15 index could be reliably predicted. Skewing introduced significant error into V max -derived Q 16 waveforms, particularly during mid-late systole. Our findings suggest that errors in the V max and 17 Q waveforms related to velocity profile skewing and use of a small SV, or orientation-dependent 18 errors for a long SV, may limit their use in wave analysis or for constructing characteristic or 19 patient-specific flow boundary conditions for model studies.


ST-based enterprises play as an important role in promoting the development of economy and society.In this paper,we set up an index system to assess the growth of ST-based enterprises,considering overall strength,developmental environment,growth potential and performance level.Besides,the paper looks at the assessment on the growth of ST-based enterprises in Shandong province using this index system.The result shows that these enterprises under study run well generally,staying an advanced position in China.Among the indexer,the level of performance is the highest,the overall strength is relatively powerful,and the growth potential is in the middle;but development environment is not ideal.So the main tasks for Shandong province are to perfect development environment,improve the quality of operation and strengthen growth potential.


Background: This study was to investigate the extent of under-reporting (UR) of energy intake (EI) and the factors associated with UR of EI in the...


The terms "normal" and "normality" are sometimes used with a sense of authority that defies the questioning of their validity. This paper reviews different parameters of "normality" and points out difficulties in its conceptualisation. The implications of the designation of deviation from normality are then discussed. In concluding, the acceptance of a wide range of "normality" is stressed.


This chapter focuses on the need for a rights-based approach to food and nutrition security in Nigeria. The topic is introduced with the definition of basic terms used throughout the chapter. The objectives of this chapter are to create awareness of the need to adopt a rights-based approach to food and nutrition security and help define the context of the right to food in Nigeria. The rest of the chapter sets out the roles of right holders, duty bearers, and accountable agents in food and nutrition security. It highlights their rights, obligations, and responsibilities, as well as voluntary guidelines and implications for a rights-based approach to food. The chapter also reviews policies that have been developed toward ensuring a right to food in Nigeria.


Digital platforms that support virtual worlds are becoming more complex and there is a growing fusion between real life and digital objects. Wireless technologies, screens' resolution and colours, 3D technologies, virtual and augmented reality can change the way a user experiences a virtual environment. This chapter explores input and output technologies for computing devices and discusses the technological developments that constitute requirements for the success of non-physical trance parties or, as some would prefer to call them, virtual trance parties.


ABSTRACT 'Peeks', or keeping an eye open, in wintering Common Pochard Aythya ferina, while in a sleeping posture, were relatively brief, typically (66% of observations) lasting less than one second. However, in 37% of individuals some peeks lasted 10 s or more. Contrary to our prediction of lower anti-predatory vigilance rates in larger groups, there was a positive relationship between peek duration and the numbers of neighbours in a flock.


Bis(pinacolato)diboron selectively adds to terminal alkenes and cyclic
alkenes having internal strain to provide bis(boryl)alkanes in
76–86% yields in the presence of a catalytic amount of
Pt(dba)
 2
 at 50 °C.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this short communication is to describe an easy technique illustrating how to correct an esthetic mismatch between a natural tooth and a free hand bonded restoration.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
The proposed technique is based on a case report showing the procedures required to perform a shade correction of an unesthetic anterior composite resin restoration.

RESULTS
The clinical case shows an easy and minimally invasive procedure which allows for color correction of anterior free bonded restorations, avoiding the complete removal of a class IV composite resin.

CONCLUSION
This technique is suitable especially for anterior restorations whenever an imperfect color match is detected.


This essay is based on a lecture which the author gave when he retired from his chair in Studies in Faiths and World Views at Uppsala University. When scholars do research on religions they meet in the religious doctrines pretensions to give knowledge about human beings and the world, knowledge which can enter into competition with scientifically based knowledge.The main part of the essay contains a discussion of how these religious knowledge claims shall be handled in a scientifically responsible way by the scholar who deals specifically with the doctrines of religion, i.e. the theologian. The author argues that the knowledge claims must be taken seriously and the theologian must discuss and analyse the possibility of human beings having other means of getting insight into the real world than scientific methods. A fruitful theology cannot solely be a descriptive activity. An important task for a theologian at a university is to create a cognitive worry in the scientific world. It is argued that the theologian can use ordinary analytical and hermeneutical methods to develop models which theoretically unite our scientific knowledge and such insights that religions, morals and art may give. Theology can be a constructive task using scholarly methods to open up new perspectives of the human situation without confusing religious doctrines and scientific theories. Constructive theology is necessary for the churches, but it is also of great importance for all human beings who search for a reliable interpretation of our situation in the world.


The invention discloses a real-time traffic sign control method of a group intersection and a method for predicting green time needed for dredging a vehicle stream at the intersection. The methods comprise the following steps of: distinguishing main vehicle stream paths at the group intersection, configuring the time phases of the main vehicle stream paths according to vehicle stream paths; and then, by virtue of a contour principle, setting at least one vehicle detector on each main vehicle stream path to detect the vehicle stop waiting conditions of the main vehicle stream paths; furthermore, obtaining various impact waves according to the vehicle stop waiting time conditions; further, predicting the green time needed by each vehicle stream path by means of an impact wave principle; and finally, optimally distributing the predicted needed green time so as to obtain the balanced green time of each main path.


Internet addiction disorder has aroused more and more Psychologists' concern.On the basis of the Internet use of college students and their on-line behaviors,the time of consuming,the available way to get to the Internet and functions of Internet usage have close relationship with Internet addiction.Thenthe reasons of Internet addiction is discussed,focusing on personalities,relationship needs.It is necessary to take measures of college students with Internet addiction disorder.


To observe the clinical effect of ultra thin titanium membranes on osteogenetic generation and repair of alveolar defect in dental implantation.In 18 cases, ultra thin titanium membranes were applied to cover alveolar defect filled with the demineralized freeze dried human bone powder. Ultra thin titanium membranes were fixed by periosteum. 19 sheets of ultra thin titanium membranes were in position without any migration. Although 3 sheets were partly exposed, they remained for 3 months by washing with H2O2 solution and saline solution. 28 implants healed without any inflammation. Alveolar bone defects were filled with new bone. [Conclusion]Ultra thin titanium is a predictable material guiding bone regeneration in dental implantation.


Hexavalent chromium is one of important pollutants strictly controlled in industrial wastewater discharge.An overview of Cr(Ⅵ) removal by adsorption technology was presented,focusing on recent progress of adsorption research involved in natural clay,agricultural and forestry residues,polymers,resins,microbial flocculants and carbonaceous adsorbents.Adsorption mechanisms and factors associated with absorption performances were analyzed.Future prospective for the technology development was also proposed.


Urbanisation is a process of becoming urban. The contiguous area of an urban centre get urbanised more rapidly than the area far from it. As a result new urban centers emerge. To explain the process of urbanisation in India, census of India has advocated several terms from time to time such as Urban Agglomeration, Standard Urban Area, Urban Outgrowth (O.G.), Non Municipal Town, Census Town, etc. In this research paper, the main focal point is the Urban Outgrowth. The term Urban Outgrowth was introduced in population Census of India in 1981 to represent the projected part of the town, it may be a village or hamlet or an enumeration block contiguous to the town. The main objectives of the study are to analyse the growth and development of outgrowth, spatial distribution, role of urban outgrowths in Urban Agglomeration, process of urbanisation in the outgrowth, general characteristics of the outgrowths and role of outgrowths in the development of New Towns in West Bengal. Various census reports, data of Municipal Statistica. Abstract, urban map of West Bengal etc. are the main sources of data. The study reveals spatial and temporal variation of urban outgrowth, urbanisation processes, sub-urbanisation and the role of Outgrowths in the urbanisation of West Bengal


Partition coefficients (K ooc ) for sorption of P AHs and chlorinated benzenes to dissolved humic acids (HA) were measured using gas-sparging methodology. The resulting Kooc values were significantly lower than the K 0w -based K ooc values, which generally appear to provide reliable estimates for K ooc values. The K ooc values measured by gas sparging were also strongly influenced by the concentration of HA in solution, as measured by dissolved organic carbon content (DOC). Increasing DOC concentration consistently resulted in decreased K ooc values for all compounds investigated. Previous studies have claimed that Kooc values measured using gas sparging are most accurate at high DOC concentrations, even though the resulting reported K ooc values are significantly lower than Ko w -based Kooc values. In the current work, linear regressions of Kooc vs DOC concentration showed that K ooc values measured at lower DOC concentrations better agreed with Ko w -based K ooc values. Additionally, this DOC-concentration-dependent phenomena was simulated using the new idea of solute exchange between DOC and gas phases, based on the observations that DOC does accumulate at air-water interfaces.


Hypercalcaemic coma leads to changes in myocardial efficiency and skeletal muscle tone. It is difficult to recommend a favourable anaesthetic agent for such a rare but acute and serious clinical condition. Our experiences are against administration of enflurane. It seems to be that neurolept anaesthesia is the most suitable method for those patients.


Traditionally remaining one of the most stressful human service jobs, teaching represents nowadays a complex of increasingly stressful situations. This may have an enormous detrimental effect on the teaching-learning process, as well as on promoting the health of future populations and students' well-being, where teachers are known to play a key social role. Demonstrating the benefits autonomy has for teachers' personal and professional self-development, as well as for their professional efficiency and psychological comfort, this paper emphasizes the potential of professional autonomy as a prerequisite for teachers' psychological health. The purpose is to reveal the potential of university teachers' autonomy as a factor of their professional development and burnout prevention. The notions of teachers' professional autonomy, teachers' psychological health, job stress and burnout in teaching are identified and characterized in the study. Teacher's autonomy is represented as one of the criteria of psychological well-being and mental health of a person. The paper demonstrates how autonomy, involving internal locus of control, intrinsic motivation to professional achievement and to personal development, pedagogical mindfulness and professional responsibility, can allow teachers to mitigate their stress, tolerate occasional frustrations and setbacks, and to prevent emotional exhaustion as one of three main burnout components.


124 Introduction Ehrlichiae are one of the several kinds of obligate intracellular pathogens first described at the Pasteur Institute in Algeria by Donatien and Lestoquard in the year 1935. Ehrlichia canis causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a potentially fatal tick borne disease. Besides E.canis, other Ehrlichiae have also been encountered in canines, viz., E.ewingi (Anderson et al., 1992), E.risticii (Kakoma et al., 1994) and E.chaffeensis (Dawson and Ewing, 1992).


Satellite‐borne scatterometer and infrared data collected over Gulf Stream warm and cold core rings are used to study the effect of the sea‐air temperature difference on the wind speed over rings. The observed acceleration of the wind over warm core rings and deceleration over cold core rings is found to be consistent with that predicted by the planetary boundary layer model of Brown and Foster [1994] . In addition it is shown that the distance over which the winds respond to an ocean surface temperature step is short (≤25km) while the distance over which the marine boundary layer responds to a surface temperature step is long (≥175km).


The purpose of the article was to organize the status of research Gong-mode in Xi'an drum music. The writer the issue summarized five aspects, the quality of Four Tunes in Xi'an drum music, pattern of scale, issue of yi shang dai gou (replace gou with shang), issue of tong yun san gong, its relationship with the other music tunes. The writer proposed own idea on the problems exist
in the research of Xi'an drum music, and suggested that to research of gong-mode in different music
kinds, should be related to the relative instruments, music notation, and the musical temperament,
not just only to look on and analyze the problem isolated.


Jiulong River has been polluted to varying degrees. The water environmental quality will decrease sharply when the quantity of pollutant and waste exceeds the consumption capacity. Thus, It is of great significance to evaluate the water environment consumption capacity. We put forward a consumption capacity assessment model and a new calculation unit so-called landscape watershed unit. The water environment pollution consumption capacity is calculated based on the landscape watershed unit and the administrative unit respectively. The results tend to polarize according to landscape watershed unit. The results reflect the water environment consumption potential well, which pointed out that the environment of most of the area in the Jiulong river is in a certain acceptance potential of Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen, while in some important local urban areas, potential consumption capacity is close to saturated condition.


The pricing of pharmaceutical products in Germany is set to undergo its largest change in decades as a result of government legislation that brings free pricing to an end in a bid to contain spiralling drug costs.

Currently, Germany is one of the only countries in the world, in which pharmaceutical


It is difficult to make direct comparisons between estimates of intelligibility afforded by experimental studies employing different articulation tests. Articulation testing is at best rather slow and tedious for the experimenter and the subject. This study sought a comparison of intelligibility estimates of five different articulation tests which have been used in a number of research laboratories. From the performance on these five tests a better comparison of intelligibility level from test to test is available. The Fairbanks Rhyme test as recorded for this study (50 words, administered at the rate of one word every 2 sec, for a total of 100 sec per test) is shown to yield a representative measure of intelligibility with half or less of the experimental time required by the other tests employed. (This work was supported by Rome Air Development Center, Rome, New York.)


Isolas are isolated, closed curves of solution branches of nonlinear problems. They have been observed to occur in the buckling of elastic shells, the equilibrium states of chemical reactors and other problems. In this paper we present a theory to describe analytically the structure of a class of isolas. Specifically, we consider isolas that shrink to a point as a parameter τ of the problem, approaches a critical value τ_0. The point is referred to as an isola center. Equations that characterize the isola centers are given. Then solutions are constructed in a neighborhood of the isola centers by perturbation expansions in a small
parameter e that is proportional to (τ-τo), with a appropriately determined. The theory is applied to a
chemical reactor problem.


Intra-year observed consumption displays substantial seasonality. Consumers allocate their non-durable expenditure over the four quarters of the year, maximising total utility subject to the period-to-period budget constraint. Osborn (1988) derives a seasonally-varying utility function, for which Hall's (1978) consumption function implies a periodic autoregressive model with a unit root. Using quarterly seasonally unadjusted consumption for Australia, the United Kingdom, and Germany, recently developed tests for seasonality and periodicity are used to examine the modified rational expectations life-cycle permanent income hypothesis and to reinforce previous findings in the literature. Seasonal habit persistence is introduced as an alternative model and its empirical adequacy is found to be significant. Finally, a multivariate test of the excess sensitivity puzzle excludes a predictive role for lagged income changes. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd/University of Adelaide and Flinders University of South Australia


AMS Aerial Gamma Ray Survey(5) Satellite Image Figure 3: On the left is an aerial gamma ray survey of our modeling area in north central Arizona near Cameron, on the right is a satelite image of the same area. Much of the field area is on the Navajo reservation and has been historically mined for uranium. The effect of the basaltic lava flow on the background radiation (yellow arrow) is clearly visible.


Current mode CNN with adjustable weights is discussed. Two main possible solutions are considered: continuous and discrete control. The solutions are compared on very general level and the discrete control is taken into detailed investigation. A test chip has been designed. Simulation and measurement results are reported.<<ETX>>


A device for opening a hood in a vehicle is provided to improve user convenience and preclude contamination or injury of user's hands by installing a safety hook for releasing the locked hood. A device for opening a hood in a vehicle comprises an emblem(40), and a safety hook(50). The emblem installed at a hood(30) has an operation part(41) in contact with one end of the safety hook. The safety hook interlocks with the operation part to release the locked hood. The emblem installed on the hood to be vertically moved includes the operation part protruded downward to make contact with the safety hook. A first spring is positioned between the emblem and the housing to apply the elastic force to the emblem to return. The safety hook in contact with the operation part is rotated around a rotation shaft(52), and has an inclined surface at one end. A second spring is positioned at the rotation shaft to apply the elastic force to the safety hook.


With external users' increasingly concerned about environmental information disclosure.In order to study the impact between environmental information disclosure and business performance in listed companies,constructing a regression model to analysis environmental information disclosure and financial performance.Finding there is a significant impact between environmental accounting information disclosure and balance rate,main business growth,size of the company,consolidated accounting financial performance.


Ms. Ruhi Charak. Free radical mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders. Hypothyroidism in humans is widely believed to impair health. The biochemical factors mediating decline in health, however, are poorly elucidated. Pathological consequences of hypothyroidism point to a high potential for antioxidant imbalance. The study population consisted of 50 subjects divided into two groups: 25 people with hypothyroidism and 25age-matched healthy participants. This study examined the levels of total tri-iodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone, (TSH), and some enzymatic antioxidant status. The mean TSH level was significantly higher in hypothyroid patients than in control group. On the other hand, the levels of T3 and T4 were significantly lower in hypothyroid patients compared to control group. However, the activities of catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly lower in hypothyroid patients than in healthy group. These results confirm the hypothesis that people with hypothyroidism have reduced anti-oxidative defense. Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.


Helicon plasma sources do not require electrodes or grids directly immersed in the plasma, and also present an axial magnetic field confining the plasma discharge. These factors are believed to provide them with long operational lifetimes because of the reduced potential for surface etching. The physics of helicon waves, cylindrical magnetized plasmas, sheaths, and plasma-surface interactions are discussed in the context of this claim. Practical implementation aspects are also reviewed, along with relevant experimental results. It is shown that understanding the distribution of ion density within the source, the presence of induced potentials in its surfaces, and the physics of low-energy sputtering reactions is essential to properly model erosion phenomena within helicons, and consequently predict their performance in practical applications.


Myb-like SWIRM and MPN domains (MYSM1) is a chromatininteracting protein previously shown to act as a transcriptional regulator through histone H2A (H2AK119ub) deubiquitination.Mysm1 deficiency inmice (Mysm1) results in partial embryonic lethality, growth retardation, and severe hematopoietic defects, including lymphopenia and anemia. Human patients with rare homozygous MYSM1E390*mutations develop bonemarrow failure with similar lymphopenic features. Mysm1-deficient mice have impaired hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, which is associated with an increase in p53 protein levels and a reduction in Gfi1 locus expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Forced expression of Gfi1 only partially enhanced the functional capacity of Mysm1 HSCs by restoring quiescence, which implies a broader molecular mechanism. MYSM1 was also shown to regulate the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic lineages by activating Ebf1, Id2, or Flt3 transcription. Nevertheless, the significance of p53 elevation in Mysm1 hematopoiesis has not been addressed. p53 is a central regulator of cellular stress responses. It primarily acts through transcriptional regulation as a sequence-specific DNAbinding protein that triggers cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. Recent studies have revealed specialized functions of p53 in HSCs, not only in responses to exogenous stress, but also under homeostatic conditions. p53 regulates HSCquiescence and self-renewal, antioxidant and DNA repair functions, as well as HSC differentiation checkpoints. The p53 pathway is also emerging as a critical mediator of pathology in human bone marrow failure syndromes, including Fanconi anemia, 5q2 syndrome, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Despite the widely recognized role of p53 in HSC maintenance and human disease, our understanding of HSPC-specific mechanisms regulating p53 activity remains limited. Here, we use a genetic approach to address the functional interactions between MYSM1 and p53. We demonstrate that loss of HSC functions and most other aspects of the Mysm1 phenotype are the result of aberrant p53 activation.


Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa. It is characterized by excessive production of collagen leading to inelasticity of the oral mucosa and atrophic changes of the epithelium.Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral Colchicine in comparison to intralesional injections of Dexamethasone plus Hyaluronidase in the management of OSMF patients.Materials and Methods: Fourty patients with OSMF were randomly divided equally into two groups. 20 patients in Dexamethasone group received biweekly intralesional injections of Dexamethasone (4mg/ml) plus Hyaluronidase 1500 IU in buccal mucosa for a period of 12 weeks. Other 20 patients in Colchicine group received oral Colchicine 0.5 mg tablets twice daily for 12 weeks. Parameters taken in the study were burning sensation, and mouth opening. Descriptive statistics, paired t test and unpaired t test were used for statistical analysis.Results and Conclusions: The pre- and post-treatment differences were found to be statistically significant for both the groups (p<0.001) and for both the treatment outcomes. When the average difference of the treatment outcomes was compared between the two study groups, statistically highly significant difference was noted (p <0.001) only in mouth opening but not in burning sensation.These encouraging results should prompt further clinical trials with Colchicine on a larger sample size to broaden the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the management of OSMF. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 60-65


This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of two nickel containing complexes with a symmetric sixadentate ligand N,N,N′,N′ tetrakis(2′ benzimidazolylmethyl) 1,2 ethanediamine(EDTB),[Ni(EDTB)](ClO 4) 2·3H 2O and [Ni(EDTB)]Cl 2·2H 2O·3C 2H 5OH ,as well as their effects on the hydrolysis of urea.Based on their elemental analysis,molar conductivities,infrared (IR),ultraviolet and visible (UV Vis),electron spin resonance(ESR) spectra and cyclic voltammetry(CV) as well as comparing them with those of copper containing mononuclear complexes whose crystal structures have been determinated,it suggests that the molecular structures of the two coordination compounds are a highly distorted octahedron in which the nickel(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated by four benimidazolyl nitrogen atoms and two aliphatic amine nitrogens from the ligand EDTB. The coordinations of the two model compounds are too saturated and stable to have catalytic activities for the hydrolysis of urea,which is studied by gas chromatogram.


We describe the language architecture of Brie, a framework for authoring 3D spaces and user interfaces. Brie is designed to take advantage of the unique social characteristics of the Croquet collaboration architecture, in particular by lowering the bar for content creation, thus greatly expanding the community of content developers. This is achieved through a 3D direct-manipulation interface to objects. To support this, the Brie architecture consists of a prototype-based language extension to Squeak with flexible inheritance, demand-driven evaluation, dependency-directed backtracking, and a special copy algorithm that conditionally copies dependent references


The utility model relates to a thermal sealing cutter, in particular to a thermally sealing cutter of bag maker, which is characterized in that both sides of the thermal cutter are arranged with an electrical heating board, with a conducting ring that is in ca-axis linkage with the rotary axis and is arranged on the exterior side of the other installation base, which is on opposite to the installation base arranged with the manipulation hand wheel. The conducting ring is electrically connected with the electrical heating board. A rotary conducting conjugation comprises the conducting ring and the conducting carbon brush in communication with the power for bag production machine is also arranged at the corresponding site of the installation base. Because the power of the bag production machine is connected with the electrical heating board through the conducting carbon brush and the conducting ring, the latter two even in relative rotation maintain the mutual contact (i.e. the electrical connection) when the thermal cutting knife and the conducting carbon rotate, to prevent the wires from being twisted, and increase working safety and reliability and beautify the appearance.


,QWURGXFWLRQ Concern has been expressed in recent years that excessive sound levels during leisure time activities, in particular those associated with rock and pop music, may cause widespread hearing damage. In a recent review Maassen et al (2001) estimated, according to ISO 1999, that after ten years exposure to music played on personal cassette players (PCPV) and through attending discotheques and concerts, about 10% of young people will suffer irreversible noise-induced hearing loss in both ears of at least 10 dB at 3 kHz. Our previous survey studies (Mercier et al 1998, Mercier and Hohmann 2002) carried out at two vocational training centres showed that around 70% of young people suffered from tinnitus following attendance at loud music events. In addition our measurements detected hearing loss among tested groups significantly higher than that which would be expected according to ISO 1999 for a non-exposed group. In Switzerland, a regulation implying sound level limits of 100 dB(A) at concerts or festivals and 93 dB(A) in discotheques came into force in 1996. Despite this regulation, the actual sound exposure (sound dose) of an audience during a typical concert or festival is generally unknown. Such information would be important in estimating potential hazard to the auditory system.


The paper contains some results of numerical simulation of work processes in different advanced patterns of boiler units of thermal power stations. They are a pulverized-coal fired boiler with a vortex furnace, fluidized bed boiler and pulverized-coal burner with a plasma firing. The flow fields and basis performances of these objects are investigated. A simple control algorithm for power level of fluidized bed boiler is elaborated. The results of numerical simulations can be used in heat power industry as some recommendations.


Male and female moth catches of Grapholita molesta (Busck) in traps were evaluated in stone and pome fruit orchards untreated or treated with sex pheromones for mating disruption in Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, USA, and Italy from 2015 to 2017. Trials evaluated various blends loaded into either membrane cup lures or septa. Membrane lures were loaded with terpinyl acetate (TA), acetic acid (AA) and (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate alone or in combinations. Two septa lures were loaded with either the three‐component sex pheromone blend for G. molesta alone or in combination with codlemone (2‐PH), the sex pheromone of Cydia pomonella (L). A third septum lure included the combination sex pheromone blend plus pear ester, (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (2‐PH/PE), and a fourth septum was loaded with only β‐ocimene. Results were consistent across geographical areas showing that the addition of β‐ocimene or (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate did not increase moth catches. The addition of pear ester to the sex pheromone lure marginally increased moth catches. The use of TA and AA together significantly increased moth catches compared with the use of only one of the two components. Traps with the TA/AA lure outperformed the Ajar trap baited with a liquid TA plus sugar bait. The emission rate of AA was not a significant factor affecting the performance of the TA/AA lure. The addition of TA/AA significantly increased moth catches when combined with the 2‐PH lure. The TA/AA lure also allowed traps to catch both sexes. Catch of C. pomonella with the 2‐PH lure was comparable to the use of codlemone; however, moth catch was significantly reduced with the 2‐PH/PE lure. Optimization of these complex lures can likely further improve managers' ability to monitor G. molesta and help to develop multispecies tortricid lures for use in individual traps.


Hidden Markov models (henceforth abbreviated to HMMs), taken in their most general acception, that is, including models in which the state space of the hidden chain is continuous, have become a widely used class of statistical models with applications in diverse areas such as communications, engineering, bioinformatics, econometrics and many more. This contribution focus on the computation of derivatives of the log-likelihood and proposes a (comparatively!) simple and general framework, based on the use of Fisher and Louis identities, to obtain recursive equations for computing the score and observed information matrix. This approach is thought to be simpler than (although equivalent to) the solution provided by the so-called sensitivity equations. It is based on the original remark that recursive smoothers for HMMs are also available for some functional of the hidden states which do not reduce to sum functionals. This view of the problem also suggests ways in which these exact equations could be approximated using sequential Monte Carlo methods


A Jesuit, an expert in New Testament exegesis, and a participant in the effort to bring together Jews and Christians between the two world wars, Father Joseph Bonsirven (1880–1958) is both a strange person and the figurehead of a movement full of richness and harshness, which led some Christians to fight for the establishment of a philo-Semitic tradition in the bosom of the Church. Like Father Devaux and the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion, Bonsirven played a prominent part by preaching in Israel and fighting against anti-Semitism but also by shining new light on the Jewish roots of Christianity within Catholic exegesis. Even though he was undeniably and gratefully acknowledged among those favorably disposed toward a dialogue between Jews and Christians, he encountered numerous obstacles, coming mainly from the Catholic hierarchy, which did not understand the meaning of his involvement and repeatedly prohibited him from conducting his activities.


The studies revealed that salinization of soil had a decisive adverse effect on the symbiosis showing therby a significant reduction in biological yield, nodulation and nitrogen Uptake of berseem crop even at the lowest level of salinity, i.e. ECe 5.0 mmhos/cm. About 50 and 90% yeild reductions were observed at electrical conductivity of 10.0 and 17. 0 mmhos/cm (saturation extract) respectively. The salinity equivalent to ECe 20.0 mmhos/cm proved too high for the crop to survive. It was also evident that highest salinity bearing crop growth (ECe 15.0 mmhos/cm) delayed nodulation and nodules formed were observed to be ineffective in appearance. Phosphorus fertilization, in contrast to salinization, significantly increased the number and dry weight of nodules, yield and nitrogen uptake up to 150 kg P2O5/ha during 1971–72 and up to 100 kg P2O5/ha during 1972–73. Phosphorus application like salinization increased nitrogen concentration in plants. Salinity × phosphorus interaction with regard to all parameters of symbiosis was found significant showing thereby that responses to phosphorus application were maximum in normal soil and decreased with increasing salinity. At moderate salinity equivalent to ECe 5.0 mmhos/cm, 100 kg P2O5 gave the similar symbiotic responses as obtained at phosphorus dose of 50 kg P2O5/ha in normal soil. Plant mortality and ineffective symbiosis were specific to salinity and could not be corrected by phosphorus addition.


The challenges facing the operation of intermittent power sources, such as wind power, in capacity-limited microgrids are discussed. Solutions are explored for stable operation of the microgrid in islanded mode in the presence of wind power generations. Energy storage can be used to provide ride through for momentary drop in wind power or for sudden increase in loads. A wind plant pitch angle controller (PAC) and a rotor speed controller (RSC) are introduced for wind power plant active power adjustment to help with frequency regulation. The use of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is discussed for stabilizing the microgrid voltage during short circuit faults. The strategies are tested on several test systems.


The following appendices are presented: maximum power estimates for hydrogen-fueled engine configurations; single-cylinder Toyota engine construction; thermocouple installation; construction of lithium-filled valves; originally-porposed EGR quantification scheme; certificates of instrument calibration; data-reduction computer program and experimental results; exhaust gas temperature determination for the pre IVC engines; calculation of excess hydrogen in the exhaust and H sub 2 utilization coefficient; exhaust valve thermal characteristics; steady-state diffusion (SWIRL) model; Bishop/Taylor ITE from BTE computer program and results; and NO/sub x/emissions and fuel economy for hydrogen-fueled vehicles operated over driving cycles. (ERA citation 09:000755)


: With the spread of the WLAN, WLAN devices densely ex-ist, and radio interferences between devices which degrade performance of WLAN systems have been increasing. In this study, we propose the WLAN system which has the transmission standby in which devices with poor channel condition wait for transmissions, and other devices can transmit frames without radio interferences from the devices which are waiting for transmissions. Simulations to evaluate transmission performance of WLAN systems show the transmission standby technique reduces radio interferences and effectively utilizes radio resources.


Find out about the person taking the helm of JGR: Planets and his plans for taking the journal forward in the coming years.


A construction scheme for the deep-water foundation of bridge includes such steps as transporting the steel case to needed pier position by floating, using heavy anchor locating system for precise horizontal location, and using protecting steel barrel as locating pile for precise vertical location while to form a construction platform for drilling hole of pile.


The current investigation attempts to determine the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) components on listening proficiency as well as gender differences in some of the significant emotional competencies of EI. To this end, 168 intermediate learners (including 75 male and 93 female) were chosen randomly from among English students of Rodaki and Shafagh University, Tonekabon. The data was analyzed through SPSS, using ANOVA, MANOVA and F-test. The results confirmed the significant impact of EI components on listening in male and female. Additionally, by considering gender through the influence of EI components, it showed that this impact on female learners is greater than male. The other case is investigating the effect of each EI component on listening comprehension and gender separately. The findings revealed that Stress Tolerance, Interpersonal Relationship and Flexibility have great impact on listening in male and female; instead male ought to be stronger to enhance 'Stress Tolerance'.


Jo Parkes gauges the scope and success of the Government's Education Recovery Plan so far, investigating its priorities, which include developing children's speech and language skills


Having made a foundation for further extending the transferring and hot charging process, the measures and its achievements on hot transferring and hot charging for the CC-slab production in Baotou Steel (Group) Corporation recent years are introduced in this paper. This technology has the advantages of significant low energy consumption, shot technological process, improved product quality, high metal yield, low investment and low physical labor strength and so on.


Sixteen species of the tanaidacean subfamily Pseudotanainae and three of the family Nototanaidae have been recorded from shallow and deep waters in the north-east Atlantic. Six new species of Pseudotanais, and the new genera Mystriocentrus, Parapseudotanais and Bathytanaissus are described. The species Pseudotanais affinis is re-described, and a cladistic analysis of the 'affinis' species-group is presented. Pseudotanais is a eurybathic genus and individuals of this taxon are common in the region. The Nototanaidae is poorly represented in the deep-sea, and the present record is the first for the Northern Hemisphere.


Since the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp-containing food products, including those marketed as dietary supplements, have proliferated in the U.S. marketplace, necessitating the development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of cannabinoids in hemp. Reports suggesting a possible contribution of terpenes on the effects of cannabinoids further expands the demand for analytical methods that can accurately determine the terpenes profile for these products. Due to the complex composition of hemp, one-dimensional chromatographic methods may be proven to be insufficient for unmasking trace level terpenes which may play an important role in the chemical properties of hemp-materials. To address this challenge, a method combining multidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry has been developed. The reported method provides accurate analysis of fifty-six terpenes and nine cannabinoids, including but not limited to, CBD and D-9-THC, in various varieties of hemp plant material.


The aim of this paper is to study the rst-order theory of the successor, interpreted on nite words. More specically , we are interested in the hierarchy based on quantier alternations (or n-hierarchy). It was known (Thomas, 1982) that this hierarchy collapses at level 2, but the expressive power of the lower levels was not characterized eectiv ely. We give a semigroup theoretic description of the expressive power of B 1, the boolean combinations of existential formulas. We also give an O(n 7 )time algorithm to decide whether the language accepted by a deterministic n-state automaton is expressible by a rst order sentence (respectively a B 1-sentence).


This article focuses on test automation for safety-critica l re ctive systems. In the first part of the paper we introduce a methodology for specification, design and verification of fault-toleran t systems allowing to combine different methods in a systema tic and consistent way, provided that these methods are compositional. The met hodology indicates how to "switch" between formal verificat ion and testing during the construction of (possibly large) reactive syste ms. We introduce the basic notions of testing as far as releva nt in the context of reactive systems and relate them to the verification methodo logy. Part II formally describes our test automation method which is based on Hoare's CSP and takes Hennessy's testing theory as a start ing point. It is indicated how this specific method fits into th e general approach described in Part I. We introduce CSP test drivers w hich are trustworthy in the sense that they "approximate" re fin ment proofs, converging to a full proof with the increasing (poss ibly infinite) number of tests successfully executed. These driv rs have been implemented in theVVT-RT (Verification, Validation and Test for Reactive Real-Time S ystems)tool developed at Bremen University in cooperation with the University of Kiel, JP Software-Consu lting and ELPRO LET GmbH. The presentation of this article is ba ed on the lectures given by the first author during the WOFACS '96 works hop at the University of Capetown.


OBJECTIVES: Vascular smooth muscle cells are a potential autologous cell source for aortic valve tissue engineering. We hypothesized that combining basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) with transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) treatment would allow temporal control of rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) proliferation and ECM production.


Abstract In this study, we carried out the clinical and laboratory research of severe PMS (premenstrual syndrome) treatment in premenopausal age women. Herein, 37 women were examined and observed before the beginning of treatment and three months after it. Medication containing micronized progesterone was used for treatment (sublingually, 100 mg from 11 to 25 days of menstrual cycle). After three months of micronized progesterone treatment, 86.5% of all women-participants of the study were observed to have full regression of clinical symptoms, while 13.5% of all patients were observed to have decrease in clinical symptoms of severe PMS. Moreover, hormonal research results revealed significant (1.3 times) decrease in LH (Luteinizing hormone) level and (1.3 times) increase in progesterone level after three months of treatment (р<0.05). The high bio-accessibility of the medication and its natural structure made it possible to decrease the dose and avoid risks of hepatotoxicity.


The adiponectin‐to‐leptin (A/L) ratio has been identified as a potential surrogate biomarker for metabolic disorders. However, it remains unknown whether the serum A/L ratio is associated with heart rate variability in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).


Subfunctionalization is the process by which a pair of duplicated genes, or paralogs, experiences a reduction of individual expression patterns or function while still reproducing the complete expression pattern and function of the ancestral gene. Two germin-like protein (GLP)-encoding genes, GerB and GerF, are paralogs that belong to a small gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Both genes share high nucleotide sequence similarity in coding and noncoding regions and encode identical apoplastic proteins. The use of RNA gel blots, coupled with single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of RT–PCR products, elucidated the developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of each gene. Individual expression patterns provided evidence of both overlapping redundancy and early subfunctionalization. GerB is predominantly expressed in developing shoots, while GerF is predominantly expressed in seedling roots, developing spikes, and pericarp/testa. GerF promoter deletion studies located a region (−356/−97) responsible for high promoter activity and showed the ability of GerB and GerF upstream regions to drive gfp expression in coleoptiles, epicarps, and lemma/palea of developing spikes. The observed expression patterns are consistent with proposed roles in plant development and defense mechanisms for this gene family. These roles may explain why redundancy has been selectively maintained in this duplicate gene pair.


Attachment sites of living cells are investigated by using a reflection acoustic microscope. Images taken at different conditions show the behaviour of cell adhesion. In particular, sequences of images point out changes in attachment sites due to chemical perturbation of the culture medium. Cell adhesion on grooved substrata is also considered. Experimental and simulated V(z) curves are analyzed in order to obtain quantitative results


The debate over claims-auditing software continues. Here's one physician's plan to get insurers to stop code bundling, among other abuses.


Older people are especially vulnerable to loneliness that has become a major public health concern for people in later life. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based approach to predict loneliness probability using two gradient boosting algorithms, XGBoost and LightGBM. The predictive models are built on a large nationally representative sample from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) with 7 successive waves (2002 ~2015). The system achieves good performance with a high AUC (Area Under Curve) of over 0.88 and a low LogLoss (Logarithmic loss) of 0.22 on the test data by both algorithms. Moreover, we investigate a wide range of variables to identify significant risk factors associated with loneliness. Specific categories associated with important variables are also recognized by the model. Such information will further enrich our understanding and knowledge of loneliness causes in the elder.


Publishers present novels with summaries, librarians provide subject headings, classification numbers and annotations, literary theorists write reviews. Readers share opinions and tags in social networks. These groups share interest in the same novel and possibly in the same library catalogs. I analyze the descriptions of novels written by these four groups to propose the enhancement of library catalogs. Results show that the story, information about the author, genre, personal experience with reading the novel, and an evaluation (awards, personal evaluation) are consistently presented by all four groups and should become standard elements for the subject description of fiction.


Introduction. Chromatographic mobile phase mixtures offer a great opportunity for better analytical separation in both qualitative TLC and quantitative HPLC methods. The chromatographic mobile phase preparation involves a numeric taxonomy procedure for mixture constituents selecting, based on solvent strengths, and an optimization of its composition based on a series of factorial analysis designed experiments. Materials. At least two variables are involved when we try to optimize a solvent mixture. And here, let us to assume that we want to use a mixture of three solvents, which we believe that is capable to provide satisfactory results in terms of reparability of our compounds mixture. Thus, our variables are solvents mixture composition and compounds mixture composition. In terms of qualitative measurements, we are interested which one compounds are in our mixture. In terms of quantitative measurements, we want to find a proper solvent mixture (i.e. solvent mixture composition) in order to obtain the best reparability of these compounds in order to be determined quantitatively. A difficulty occurs when our compounds behavior is similar, such when are from same chemical class, the chromatographic separation being more difficult to do then. Our subject of investigation was mixtures of compounds, each one from following classes: steroids, androstane isomers, hydrophilic vitamins, N-alkyl phenothiazine sulfones, and benzodiazepines. Method. Elaborating of mathematical models trough embedding of mathematical equations stays at the fundament of surface properties of liquids and repartition and distribution equations between phases, has relevant implications for characterization of biologically active compounds, but until now, still few researches are regarded to this subject, dealing with different situations from one mixture of compounds to another and from one mixture of solvents to another. A factorial analysis is suggested as alternative in these cases. Are assumed that in a mixture of three solvents the quantitative measure of choused chromatographic parameter depends on mobile phase composition through a dependency equation of one of the types: M6(x1,x2,x3) = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x1x2 + a5x1x3 + a6x2x3 (eq1) and M7(x1,x2,x3) = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x1x2 + a5x1x3 + a6x2x3 + a7x1x2x3 (eq2), where x1, x2, x3 are the molar fractions of the solvents (x1 + x2 + x3 = 1), M6 and M7 are estimators and then predictors of choused chromatographic parameter and a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 and a7 are the coefficients which are first obtained using the best fit of chromatographic parameter and second used to predict the values of this parameter for any composition of mobile phase. Parameters which was modeled using (eq1) and (eq2) was: • Rf = Rf(i,e) = l(i)/l(e), where i is one compound to be separated by use of the e eluent, l(i) is the migration distance of the compound in the eluent, l(e) is the migration distance of the eluent, and Rf the array of retention factors of to be separated components in the eluent e. • Rs(i,j,e) = 2(l(i)-l(j))/(w(i)+w(j)), where i and j are two to be separated compounds, w(i) and w(j) are zones widths at baseline, and Rs is the matrix of resolutions between i and j compounds. • Rso(i,e) = 2(lo(i)-lo(i+1))/(wo(i)+wo(i+1)), where lo(i) is the i-th migration coordinate in the ordered list of migration lengths, wo is the corresponding witdh, and Rso is the matrix of resolutions for consecutive migrated compounds. • IP(e) = √∑j(∆Rf,t-∆Rf(j,e))/√n(n+1), where n is the number of compounds to be separated, ∆Rf,t is the ideal retention factor (1/n), ∆Rf(j,e) the j-th difference of retention factors between two consecutive migrated compounds, and IP is a separation mean descriptor recorded for the eluent e. • Rsa(e) = ∑jRso(j,e)/(n-1), where Rsa is the averaged resolution of separation by use of the eluent e. • RRP(e) = ∏jRso(j,e)/Rsa(e), where RRP being the relative resolutions on the eluent e product type descriptor. • Inf(e,m) = ∑k(nk/n)log2(nk/n), where nk being the number of compounds which migrates in the k-th equidistant interval from the total number of m in which was divided the whole migration length and Inf are a quality factor computed according to Logit method and are null for a ideal separation. • Fob(e,m) = ∑jajFj(IP(e),Inf(e,m),Rsa(e),RRP(e)), where 1 ≤ j ≤ 4 (for five compounds to be separated), Fj are functions which express every one a composed expression of all four chromatographic parameters (IP(e), Inf(e,m), Rsa(e), RRP(e)), aj are coefficients choused through a weighted relationship mathematically defined, and Fob is a objective function which characterizes the separation in the eluent e according with chousing of the aj coefficients, Fj functions, and number of equidistance intervals, m. • Through applying of one of Eq2-9 for a array of p experiments it results a matrix, Mob with one (EqX) or more rows (EqY) and always p columns, each one for every experiment, of which elements represents the values of the modeled chromatographic parameter (by use of the Eq1). The imposed prerequisite of the Eq1 in order to the optimization algorithm to provide a unique determined solution is at least that p ≥ 7. Results: Software implementation. A software embedding the mathematical model were build and were published online (following are screen captures from program execution: http://l.academicdirect.org/Engineering/hptlc/mobile_phase_opt/


sums up al-Nasir Muhammad's policy in the words, ' He acted on the assumption that if he succeeded in buying the unrestricted loyalty of his mamluks, this would secure the continuation of his rule' (p. 31). The consequences were laxity and indiscipline, and a decline of the sultan's authority even over the ordinary Mamluks of his own recruitment. The forces that the autocratic sultan had contained with difficulty during his lifetime broke out of control immediately on his death. In ch. iii the outcome of the changes inaugurated by al-Nasir Muhammad is traced in some detail. While the later Qalawunid sultans from 741/1341 to 784/1382 were, with brief exceptions, dominated by the factious and politically irresponsible amirs, they in their turn were increasingly under pressure from the Mamluks of their own households, and, in the author's words, 'It did not take long for extortion and even violence to become part of the accepted methods whereby mamluks sought to achieve their objectives' (p. 86). Even when the throne was usurped from the last Qalawunid by al-Zahir Barquq, the authority of the sultan, and the ascendancy of the amirs over the ordinary Mamluks were not effectively or permanently re-established, nor could the old system of training and promotion be restored. Chapter iv turns to the economic history of Egypt in the reign of al-Nasir Muhammad, who, says Levanoni, 'introduced ambitious changes in the economy he had inherited' (p. 142). Al-rawk al-Ndsiri, i.e. the cadastral survey of Egypt in 715/1315, is presented as the basis for agricultural improvements enhanced by public works promoted by the sultan, and thus for increased state revenues. The last decade of the reign, however, saw a vast growth of expenditure, which a savage policy of confiscation (musadard) was unable to balance. The sultan's extravagant building schemes, and his constant need for funds to buy security, largely contributed to the financial and economic deterioration of his later years. These are in very broad outline the main aspects of Levanoni's presentation of her theme. Her command of detail is impressive, and she also finds occasion to deal usefully with some ancillary topics, such as the status of the halqa (pp. 106-9), and al-Nasir Muhammad's relations with the Bedouin (pp. 173-84). She has undoubtedly established her main contention, that the period of transition of Mamluk military society began with the changes introduced in the third reign of al-Nasir Muhammad. In stressing his personal responsibility for these changes, however, she largely leaves out of consideration an impersonal factor of major importance. Between the death of Qalawfln in 689/1290 and the third accession of al-Nasir Muhammad twenty years later, the international situation of the Mamluk realm was changed fundamentally by the elimination of the Crusader states from the Syro-Palestinian coast, and the ending of the more serious threat from the Mongol Ilkhanate. With the passing of these external dangers, Mamluk military society, as it had been formed by, and known to, Baybars and Qalawun, lost its raison d'etre; and the relaxation of the traditional system was, at least in part, a reaction to the virtual disappearance of service in the field and the booty which accrued from it. Apart from this, Levanoni has provided a key to the military and political transformation of Mamluk society in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries which is an important contribution to the subject. A few minor slips were noted in passing. Ustadhaldar (so printed, p. 12) misleadingly implies an etymological analogy with khdzinddr later in the same fine. On p. 27 the cost of the ' sash' (hiyasa) of a commander of the halqa is given as 'between 100 and 150 dirhams', although al-Maqrizi, Khitat, n, 99, which appears to be the source, gives from 150 to 170 dinars. The unfortunate jester who incurred the sultan's ire (p. 53) suffered immersion by a saqiya, not a shadif. On p. 137, ' alMaqrizl's assessment that one-third of the population was decimated' implies a mortality of one in thirty, and misrepresents the source. Finally in the map of Mamluk Cairo (p. 159) the site of Manazir al-Kabsh is wrongly placed within the precincts of the Citadel; it should be westward of the mosque of Ibn Tulun.


The scale dependent nature of coarse-graining is investigated by deriving the collision term of the Boltzmann equation. Numerical evaluation of the collision term is carried out in a one-dimensional mass sheet system. This shows that the collision term contains only the phase-mixing effect if the number of particles in a coarse-grained volume is sufficiently large. This result also indicates that N-body simulations can trace the original system exactly. over a time scale proportional to the number of particles in the simulation, after which the scattering effect becomes important.


The purpose of this study to develop the air-conditioning system that adopts adaptive model as an indoor climate control logic for energy saving. The adaptive model using the ability of human thermal adaptation could be expected to alleviate the indoor set-point temperature compared with the past heat-balance model. Especially, in case of hybrid air-conditioning system coupled with natural ventilation and heating/cooling system, the adaptive model can be describe the thermal comfort of inhabitant who stay at hybrid system controlled buildings with accuracy. In this paper, the concept of adaptive model will be described and the results of a continuous measurement on the actual thermal experiences and behaviors of thermal adaptation for office worker will be reported.


SUBTITLE: DRIVERS HAVE LONG PLAYED A KEY ROLE ON THE FRONT LINES: WITH THE COMPETITIVE PRESSURE ON FLEETS INCREASING, THEIR FUTURE ROLE LOOKS EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.


With increasing frequency, museums have begun to incorporate spectacular and traumatic media imagery into exhibition space. Such images, like those depicting the beating of Rodney King or the attacks of September 11, rivet the nation and so their appeal to institutions concerned, as museums are, with the maintenance and consolidation of collective memory is understandable. The practice of displaying this imagery, however, should not be taken for granted and calls for analysis. "The Spectacle of Trauma: 9/11 in the Museum" questions whether or not the museum ably interprets the media world or simply reproduces it. In practice, incorporating elements of spectacularized news events into exhibition displays at best discourages critical thinking and at worst advances a flat and mystifying view of history.


We extend the phenomenological study of the evolving galaxy population of Peng et al. (2010) to the central/satellite dichotomy in Yang et al. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) groups. We find that satellite galaxies are responsible for all the environmental effects in our earlier work. The fraction of centrals that are red does not depend on their environment but only on their stellar masses, whereas that of the satellites depends on both. We define a relative satellite quenching efficiency εsat, which is the fraction of blue centrals that are quenched upon becoming the satellite of another galaxy. This is shown to be independent of stellar mass, but to depend strongly on local overdensity, δ, ranging between 0.2 and at least 0.8. The red fraction of satellites correlate much better with the local overdensity δ, a measure of location within the group, than with the richness of the group, i.e., dark matter halo mass. This, and the fact that satellite quenching depends on local density and not on either the stellar mass of the galaxy or the dark matter halo mass, gives clues as to the nature of the satellite-quenching process. We furthermore show that the action of mass quenching on satellite galaxies is also independent of the dark matter mass of the parent halo. We then apply the Peng et al. approach to predict the mass functions of central and satellite galaxies, split into passive and active galaxies, and show that these match very well the observed mass functions from SDSS, further strengthening the validity of this phenomenological approach. We highlight the fact that the observed M* is exactly the same for the star-forming centrals and satellites and the observed M* for the star-forming satellites is independent of halo mass above 1012 M☉, which emphasizes the universality of the mass-quenching process that we identified in Peng et al. Post-quenching merging modifies the mass function of the central galaxies but can increase the mass of typical centrals by only about 25%.


With the rapid development of society and the economy, human activities are increasing, which often brings potential threats such as a decline in forest resource quality and ecological function. In order to investigate the change in forest resource quality and human activity intensity, this study constructed a calculation model for a forest resource quality index and a human activity intensity index and conducted a quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in forest resource quality and human activity intensity in Yulin City based on sub-compartment data in 2017 and 2020. By combining spatial autocorrelation analysis, the changes in human activity intensity and spatial forest resource quality were explored, and key areas such as the prominent contradictions between humans and the land were superimposed and coupled as potential areas of concern. The results show the following: From 2017 to 2020, the forest resource quality in Yulin City improved as a whole, especially in Zizhou County, but there were increases and decreases in other regions. Human activity intensity increased as a whole, and the most obvious increase was in Hengshan District. Both the forest resource quality and human activity intensity indexes had spatial aggregation, the differences in forest resource quality between regions were reduced, and human activity intensity showed a trend towards aggregated development. The high–high cluster area for human activity intensity showed a decreasing trend, but it expanded outward in urban areas and other human-gathering areas, such as the surrounding area of Yulin City, Jingbian County, and Shenmu City. The high–high cluster area for forest resource quality showed a shrinking trend. Four specific regions were identified through a spatial coupled superposition analysis to reveal the dynamic relationship between forest resource quality and human activity intensity. The most obvious region was the Yuyang District, where the forest resource quality improved because of a reduction in the pressure of human activities on the natural environment.


Small communities need a basic mobility solution that is not a pared down city bus service but a transport outcome they have designed and 'own'. This technical note looks at three small New Zealand communities, that the author has been involved with, and their approach to the provision of public transport services. Mangakino, a small town of 1,100 people in the centre of the North Island, has a thrice weekly service to a larger neighbouring town that has been running for five years. South Mercury Bay, on the Coromandel Peninsula in the North Island, has summer visitor traffic headaches solved by a transport solution the residents actively manage. The local people of Mataura in the South Island, pop. 1,300, need access to a larger neighbouring town for basic necessities. The population is ageing and the town is slowing shrinking. This note will show that small communities must own their bus service if it is to be a successful transport solution for them.


Objective: To evaluate the medical service capability of TCM hospitals in China from 2008 to 2017 comprehensively, and provide reference for decision-making. Methods: TOPSIS method, rank sum ratio method and the fuzzy combined method of them are used for comprehensive evaluation. Results: The medical service capability of TCM hospitals has been continuously improved from 2008 to 2017, but the utilization rate of hospital beds is low, and the medical service efficiency needs to be further improved. Conclusion: The evaluation results of TOPSIS method, rank sum ratio method and fuzzy combined method of them are basically consistent. The fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio can reflect the medical service capability of TCM hospitals in a more scientific, objective and comprehensive way and it is suitable for popularization and application in the evaluation of medical service capability in hospitals.


Objective. The objective of this case study is to manage irreversible pulpitis in a mature permanent molar with a conservative and cost-effective therapy, which is cervical pulpotomy. Summary. A cervical pulpotomy was performed on the second permanent mandibular molar with an irreversible pulpitis in a 30-year-old female patient.Taking the age of the patient and the condition of the underlying pulp tissue into account, cervical pulpotomy was planned to preserve the vitality of the intact root pulps using MTA. Follow-up examinations at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years revealed positive clinical and radiological results. The high success rate reported in this clinical case also in all systematic reviews for pulpotomy suggests that this procedure can offer an alternative to root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.


It is important to be able to verbalize or define your search query so that you know whether your quest is for quick and brief information, or detailed research or whether it lies in-between the spectrum. It is important to have knowledge of different types of resources and tools available for searching for information. You should also know what the resources cover, what they do not cover, their special features if any, their arrangement, and weaknesses if any.


Education is a term or action that is directly related to the concept of culture and the development of humanity, through which the task of education


Abstract Facile and convenient one-pot cascade/tandem approaches for the syntheses of privileged medicinal scaffolds, 12-aryl-2,3,4,12-tetrahydrobenzo[b]xanthene-1,6,11-trione derivatives, have been reported under extremely mild reaction conditions using a catalytic amount of H2SO4 in water or in the presence of the acidic ionic liquid bmim[HSO4], which could be recycled. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Developing Holtzmark's idea, the distribution of nonstationary fluctuations of local interaction of moving objects of the system with gravitational influence, which is characterized by the Riesz potential, is constructed. A pseudodifferential equation with the Riesz fractional differentiation operator is found, which corresponds to this process. The general nature of symmetric stable random Lévy processes is determined.


One of the multiple applications of the hallidaian model attends the textual analysis of the scientific prose (Halliday & Martin 1993; Martin & Veel 1998), area in which the Functional Grammar has been engaged in describing the scientific language and explaining different aspects of its evolution in history. Our research about the history of the scientific discourse, with particular reference to the development of scientific theories and methodologies, follows this line through the studies inscribed in the research project "Aspects of the textualization of scientific knowledge". The present work focalizes on the Educational Sciences and, in attention to the actual epistemological debate in the field, we devote to a corpus of recent scientific articles to study the linguistic and rhetoric manifestations of the discussed paradigms. Particularly, we study the interpersonal rhetoric that molds the normative/ propositive character of the texts according to the current theories in discussion. This work aspires to contribute to the study of the instantiation of the values and epistemologies from the diverse academic cultures in the conventions of their particular discourse practices.


Original Article One of the challenges that medical sciences has long been facing is to find the best therapeutic method for the damaged tissues. The main purpose of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of biological implant or engineered tissues to repair, regenerate or replace the damaged tissue and maintain the organ function. At the moment, a lot of research has been done in the field of nanotechnology on the application of nanomaterials in medicine, because the surface of these nanomaterials increases with decreasing their size with change or increases in effect concommitantly. In recent decades, the production of medical textiles (Including nano fibers) has been provided good services to the regenerative medicine. In the field of biomedical applications, it is often necessary to combine biological and medical sciences with materials science and engineering. One of the most important application of tissue engineering is the usage of nanofiber matrix as scaffolds for the cell growth and proliferation. In this paper, various types of engineered scaffolds and their functions have been presented and evaluated. Citation: Afzali and their


Cyber graphics as an emerging technology has beenplaying key roles as human interfaces of cyber worlds.With the ever increasing roles of cyber worlds in the realworld, as seen in e-financial trading that dealsGDP-equivalent in a day, understanding of cyber graphicsis becoming essential. To this end, scientific research has been conducted to grasp the foundation as invariants.Cellular modeling has been found to be of key importance.The adjunction spaces and cell attaching functions ofcyber graphics are investigated through varieties ofexamples to find out the invariants successfully.


According to the experiment research of anthracite coal mixed burning in boiler of Huadian Qingdao Power Generation Corporation Limited,the anthracite coal,lean coal and black coal with low-volatile matter mixed burning scheme was defined initially.The burning safety and economical efficiency of anthracite coal blended with different coals and at different blending proportion or under different mixed burning mode were comprehensively compared,and an optimized coal blending scheme was proposed,then the blended coal brand of Huadian Qingdao Power Generation Corporation Limited was formed finally.


A Trusted Agent-on-Chip model(T-AoC) is presented in this paper,which could be used in open,insecure Peer-to-Peer network computing environment make up of edge nodes of Internet.In order to effectively protect Agents in the Agent application systems from attacks of malicious Agent execution environments and hosts,T-AoC model adopts the integrated chip as the hardware foundation to provide a safe and reliable execution environment for Agent.The chip can be installed in the host of peers needing to run Agent-based systems.Based on the idea of trust relation transfer,the credibility of peer is enhanced,and it is more efficient to build a variety of safe and reliable Agent-based P2P applications. This paper describes the architecture,working principle and operation process of T-AoC model in detail,as well as how to deploy T-AoC in the P2P network information search system demo.The performance analysis of T-AoC is presented at the end of this paper.


A remote node design for C+L band amplification is shown to cover the advanced optical power budget for a 50km reach, symmetrical 10G/10G WDM/TDM-PON. 5-10dB of margin is left despite OSNR degradation.


This article aims to analyze the existence of the media market in Indonesia with a case study on the Indosiar media business. The problem is how Indosiar can still exist considering that there are already many TV stations that have mushroomed in the Indonesian television industry? And what is Indosiar's strategy to run its business in the midst of this intense competition? In order to approach this problem, it is used as a reference for media economic theory. The data were collected through interviews and documentation obtained from the media, both print media and internet media and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that Indosiar can still exist despite the proliferation of TV stations in the Indonesian television industry. In order for its existence to continue, Indosiar targets the family or family segment, cares about variety show programs so that the lower and upper middle class people can reach, and presents soap opera programs targeting housewives. Indosiar's strategy to keep the media business going is to determine the target audience and develop a flagship program. Its flagship program is tailored to the interests and needs of the audience. With the accuracy of this strategy, the audience will see a lot and Indosiar will earn revenue from advertising contracts that are broadcast.


Background: Thyroid carcinoma is one of the common cancers affecting the women in their young age. They vary from being indolent to aggressive cancers. Improvements in diagnostics and understanding the pathophysiology have made the treatment more effective with good long-term results. Objective: To study the clinical presentation and management of carcinoma thyroid in a tertiary center. Materials and Methods: 30 patients of histopathologically proven thyroid cancers treated during the period of 2-year from September 2005 to August 2007 were studied. Detailed history and physical findings were noted, along with the investigations and treatment given. Results: Thyroid carcinoma formed 1.5% of all cancers treated during the period. It formed 15.78% of all thyroid swellings admitted for treatment during the same period. Male:female ratio in this study was 1:5. Most of the cases of carcinoma (86%) were seen in the 21-50 years age group. All patients in this study had a goiter and only 10% of patients presented with lymphadenopathy and hoarseness of voice. Two-thirds of tumors were slowly growing with duration ranging from 3 months to 2 years. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the common diagnostic test done. Most of the cancers (76.6%) were in Stage I disease. Total thyroidectomy was the most common surgery done, and papillary carcinoma was the most common histopathology seen. Transient hypocalcemia was the most common post-operative complication seen in 20% of patients. Conclusion: Thyroid cancers affect young adult females presenting as slow growing tumors. Majority of the tumors are papillary type in the early stage with good prognosis. FNAC is a simple test to detect cancer, and total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice for treatment.


Oral Presentations: Session 1. General Aspects. Session 2. Taxonomy and Differentiation. Session 3. Serological Assays. Session 4. Nucleic Acid Based Hybridisation Techniques. Session 5. Disease Assessment and Quantification. Session 6. Disease Prognosis and Expert Systems. Poster Presentations: Taxonomy and Differentiation. Serological Assays. Nucleic Acid Based Hybridisation Techniques. Disease Assessment and Quantification.


Four distinct running-water habitats are defined and examined on the South Fork Hoh River and Upper Queets River-main river channel, river off-channel areas, terrace tributaries, and valley-wall tributaries. Species compositions, densities, and total fish biomasses are distinctly different for each habitat examined. Habitat formed by the main river channel and its tributaries is controlled by the valley terrace structure and the modifyingeffects of large woody debris. Large woody debris is important to all habitats regardless of size of stream. Without large wood, spawning and rearing-habitat quality would be poorer, even in the large, sediment-rich main channel. large wood-capped side channels had eight times the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) densities as side channels without debris. During late summer, the majority of juvenile salmonid rearing occurs in river side-channel areas and tributaries. INTRODUCTION Stream ecologists have few benchmark descriptive studies for naturally sediment-rich river systems. We know very little about aquatic habitats and how they are formed in pristine, sediment-rich river valley systems. We also know very little about how a pristine old-growth forest interacts with the river to produce different fish habitats. The rivers of the Olympic National Park represent the last pristine coastal systems of intermediate size in the western United States. As such, they can provide important insights as to the summer salmonid habitats of coastal rivers in their "native condition." For these rcasons, a description of two rivers in the Olympic National Park provide a needed and significant baseline for stream ecologists and fisheries managers in the Pacific Northwest. The 1978 South Fork Hoh River study examined late summer frsh populations in relation to four general habitat type s: main riverchannel, river off<hannel areas, terrace tributaries. and vallev-wall tributaries (Swanson and Lienkaemper 1982; et ;1. lg82; Sedell et'al.1982). Species compositions, densities, and total fish biomasses were defined for each habitat type. With each habitat type, pools were described and the role of large woody debris in the formation and stability of fish habitats was documented. Sedell et al. (1982) found terrace tributaries and side channels to have the highest standing crops of juvenile coho salmon. This present study reexamined the sites on the South Fork Hoh River and examined the Upper Queets River in order to determine whether the 1978 results were consistent through time (South Fork Hoh River) and held true for another river system (Upper Queets River). We thank Jeff Cederholm and Peter Bisson for reviewing the draft manuscript. Our heartiest thanks to Judy Bufford for drawing the figures, and to Rose Davies and Phyllis Taylor-Hill for typing the manuscript. HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS Geomorphic processes have created and maintained four broadly defined classes of aquatic habitat in the South Fork Hoh River and Upper Queets River valleys (Swanson and Lienkaemper 1982). These are the main channel, side channel or off<hannel areas, terrace tributaries, and valley wall tributaries. The influences of forest vegetation on aquatic ecosystems and geomorphic forms and processes increase across this range ofstream types from main river channel to valley wall tributary. Structure and productivity of aquatic communities vary across these stream types in response to geomorphic factors and degree offorest influence (Sedell et al.1982; Ward et al. 1982). Main River Channel The main river channels for both the Queets River and South Fork Hoh River (Sedell et al. 1982\ are wide and shallow. Wetted widths range from 8 to l0 m in summer to 20 to 40 m in winter. The main channel meanders within a wide channel ofexposed gravel bars that average 100 m wide. The large cobble substrate appears very stable, with gravel bars being formed and destroyed continuously. Some bank cutting is evident along the steep south valley side slope. The water is turbid due to suspended glacial material. Organic material transfer and storage is low. Edges of the main channel accumulate