Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction between alkalies in cement and chemically unstable aggregates and causes expansion and cracking of concrete. In the Present study, we studied the effects of metakaolin, which is a newly introduced mineral admixture showing excellent pozzolainc reaction property, on the inhibition of ASR. We prepared mortar-bars of various replacement ratios of metakaolin and conducted alkali-silica reactivity test (ASTM C 1260), compressive strength test and flow test. We also carefully analyzed the mineralogical changes in hydrate cement paste by XRD qualitative analysis. The admixing of metakaolin caused quick pozzolanic reaction and hydration reaction that resulted in a rapid decrease in portlandite content of hydrated cement paste. The expansion by ASR was reduced effectively as metakaolin replaced cement greater than 15%. This resulted in that the amounts of available portlandite decreased to less than 10% in cement paste. It is considered that the inhibition of ASR expansion by admixing of metakaolin was resulted by the combined processes that the formation of deleterious alkali-calcium-silicate gel was inhibited and the penetration of alkali solution into concrete was retarded due to the formation of denser, more homogeneous cement paste caused by pozzolanic effect. Higher early strength (7 days) than normal concrete was developed when the replacement ratios of metakaolin were greater than 15%. And also, late strength (28 days) was far higher than normal concrete for the all the replacement ratios of metakaolin. The development patterns of mechanical strength for metakaolin admixed concretes reflect the rapid pozzolanic reaction and hydration properties of metakaolin.


This article explores the educational opportunities and restrictions of media. Here I delve into issues relating to how global and local media influence the process of social-civilization and cultural changes. These changes result in the necessity for a closer observation of education as a process of preparing young people to take part in social life and to manage their own development. In this article, I emphasize the role of the school as an element of local environment, which together with the local mass media can become the driving force for actions that will benefit democracy, learning tolerance and understanding of cultural wealth.
Keywords: media education, global media, local media, globalization, educational opportunities, educational restrictions.


Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and remains a significant public health challenge in many lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Namibia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associated risk factors among HCWs and non-HCWs in Zambezi region. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020 among residents of the eight (8) constituencies of Zambezi region. Four hundred and sixty-one (461) respondents who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over five years and aged between 17-60 years were selected for the study. The main outcome measure was current cigarette smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. We stratified data analysis by individual being health workers or non-health workers. A bivariate Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the smoking status. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were used as predictors in the univariate and multivariate models. The response rate of potential participants was 95% (n=434). The mean (±SD) age of participant's was 32.5 (± 11.34 years). Significant relationships were observed between smoking status and area of residency (constituency), gender, age category, level of education, age of onset of smoking and the daily smoking frequency. The majority of smokers (n=108) were none-HCWs with males being the majority (n=62). Age (p=0.001), education levels (p=0.001) and area of residency (p=0.022) were highly associated with smoking among none-HCW while marital status was associated with smoking among HCWs (p=0.013). In the final multivariate model, the odds of smoking among female non-HCWs were significantly lower (OR: 0.386; 95% CI: 0.228 – 0.655). Furthermore, the odds of smoking among this same group were lower among those who had secondary level education (OR: 0.178; 95% CI: 0.0659 – 0.483), post-secondary (OR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.0412 – 0.330) and first stage tertiary (OR: 0.306: 95% CI: 0.106 – 0.881) compared to those who had primary school education. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among none HCWs and HCWs working in Zambezi included in the study was similar to that of the general Namibian population but higher than other neighboring countries within SADC. The results showed a need for the establishment of specific smoking related strategies that target HCWs to address smoking use parallel to the running of none HCWs which would ultimately decrease the smoking prevalence and improve health.


Cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction continues to carry a grave prognosis, as reflected by the high morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.1.2 The use of long term intra-aortic balloon (IAB) counterpulsation and afterload reduction is instrumental in converting these patients to operative candidates by 1) supporting the potentially reversibly damaged myocardium surrounding the central area of necrosis, and 2) permitting maturation of the ventricular scar or aneurysm prior to resection and/or myocardial revascularization. Morbidity associated with long term IABP support is generally reported as 20-25%,3.5 primarily vascular complications due to ischemia in the lower extremity used as the catheter introduction site and from wound infections related to prolonged catheter care.


The purpose of this paper is to give a complete null-planes description of the canonical formalism for the electromagnetic field. A complete set of Poisson-bracket relations is obtained for the null variables of the electromagnetic field. The Hamiltonian form of the null Maxwell equations is obtained.


The synthesis of potassium-sodium niobate lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has been widely studied during the past decade because of the promising indus- trial application of these materials. We here report the effect of different additives or surface modifiers (such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexamethylenete- tramine, and Triton X-100) on the synthesis of KxNa1-x- NbO3 by a hydrothermal process. To achieve this purpose, ceramic powders are prepared using a 0.6 KOH/NaOH ratio, with a total OH - concentration of 8N under hydrothermal conditions at 200 � C. Surface modifiers are used aiming to avoid agglomeration, to modify the particle surface mor- phology and to improve the sample density after sintering. It is worth to note that the potassium concentration in Kx- Na(1-x)NbO3 was increased by the incorporation of the surface modifiers. In this way, KxNa1-xNbO3-based ceramics exhibit enhanced electrical properties.


We study the size dependence of thermal conductivity in nanoscale semiconducting systems. An analytical formula including the surface scattering and the size confinement effects of phonon transport is derived. The theoretical formula gives good agreements with the existing experimental data for Si and $\mathrm{GaAs}$ nanowires and thin films.


In wireless sensor network, it is important to reduce energy dissipation and prolong network lifetime. The data collected by each sensor is communicated through the network to a single processing center that uses all reported data to determine characteristics of the environment or detect an event. The communication or message passing process must be design to conserve the limited energy resources of the sensor. Clustering sensor into groups, so that sensor communicate information only to cluster head and then cluster head communicate the aggregated information to the processing center, may save energy. Therefore optimal cluster head selection is important to maximize the lifetime of the network by utilizing the limited energy in an efficient manner. various algorithms are proposed for the selection of cluster head for maximizing the network lifetime. In this project we have study and compare various protocols used for cluster head selection in WSN also proposed and advanced algorithm for cluster head selection for increasing lifespan of wireless sensor network.


COVID-19, the novel coronavirus is a global threat which has hit all with the force of a hurricane. The vast biological and economic impact of this virus threatens to crumble our health resources, if not handled with caution. In order to battle this pandemic on all fronts, awareness of nature of virus, its transmission, virulence clinical features, complications and management options is essential. We as comprehensive ophthalmologists and more importantly as responsible clinicians, need to update ourselves with knowledge pertaining to this novel virus to safeguard our human resources including ourselves against this powerful enemy. The article reviews basic information about etiology, transmission patterns, clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment and preventive measures of this infection. This is in concordance with the maxim "Know thy enemy". It also stresses on the precautions to be observed by all healthcare personnel to ensure safety and contain spread. We bear onus of becoming aware of spreading this awareness to break the chain of contagion.


Background: Healthcare workers including nurses, lab technicians and multi-purpose workers are at a higher risk of contracting hepatitis B virus infection than the general population as they are exposed to blood, body fluids and sharps due to their professional activities. The objective of this study was to compare the knowledge about hepatitis B infection, its transmission and prevention among two groups, nurses and lab technicians versus MPWs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 257 nurses and lab technicians versus 159 MPWs working at a tertiary care center. After clearance by the institutional ethical committee and informed consent of the participants, they were requested to fill a close ended questionnaire. The data was analyzed statistically using the JASP software.Results: The self-perceived risk of contracting infectious diseases owing to their profession was similar in nurses and lab technicians and MPWs. The awareness about hepatitis B infection, all the correct modes of transmission of the virus and the chances of the infection leading to liver diseases and cancer was higher in nurses and lab technicians than in MPWs. Awareness regarding prevention of infection and the vaccination rates were also higher among nurses and lab technicians. Knowledge about methods of prevention of the infection was found to be significantly more among the nurses and lab technicians.Conclusions: Overall, there is a significant gap in the knowledge about hepatitis B infection, its transmission and prevention in the MPWs. Vaccination coverage is also low in MPWs.


To the editor: I have several comments concerning the conclusions reached by W.B. Chodirker and A. Piotrowska in their article entitled "Allergy testing: comparison of skin and in vitro tests of allergic reagin" (Can Med Assoc J 116: 1254, 1977) as one who has been involved with several of the procedures mentioned in the article, particularly the rat mast cell test (RMCT). The authors state that "the RMCT was found to be poorly reproducible and unreliable." While I do not defend the clinical usefulness of the RMCT as a commercial test to detect immediate hypersensitivity reactions, I believe that the conclusions drawn by the authors do not reflect the scientific validity of the test. I have shown previously that there is a good correlation between the RMCT, the radioallerg&sorbent test (RAST) and intradermal skin tests.1 A double-blind study was done with serum from birch-allergic patients. Dr. S.G.O. Johansson of Sweden performed RAST analysis and sent Dr. K. Ishizaka of Baltimore, Maryland nine samples of serum from both atopic and nonatopic individuals. Dr. Ishizaka coded the samples and sent them to me for RMCT determinations. An excellent correlation was found between these in vitro tests. Table III of the article in the Journal shows that only one of seven serum samples from atopic, highly sensitive, RAST-positive patients gave responses in the RMCT, whereas for three of five patients with moderate sensitivity the responses in the RMCT were positive. These results are similar to those found in another of my studies, which showed that a significantly lower allergen concentration is required for serum with a high concentration of IgE antibody and that more allergen is needed for response with lower concentrations of antibody.1 It is possible that the reactions reported in Table III for the highly sensitive patients were performed in antigen excess, when such responses would be inhibited. As to the reproducibility of the RMCT, Chodirker and Piotrowska state that for the purpose of performing the reproducibility experiments the serum was stored at 40C for several weeks. I would not advocate such storage conditions for this type of experiment since these, in my experience, have resulted in similar inconsistent responses. For repeated testing we store serum in small aliquots at -200C. Chodirker and Piotrowska state that the study by Renoux and colleagues3 showed that rat mast cells did not bind human IgE, but in fact the study showed the opposite. Furthermore, Renoux and colleagues used three independent techniques to demonstrate binding of* human IgE to rat mast cells. In addition, Plaut, Lichtenstein and Bloch4 actually showed that there was a lack of histamine release from rat mast cells incubated with ragweed allergic serum and challenged with ragweed antigen, and that this had nothing to do with morphologic changes in rat mast cells. Moreover, several investigators not mentioned in Chodirker and Piotrowska's article have demonstrated histamine release from rat mast cells..7 Chodirker and Piotrowska imply that I was involved in their study on a continuing basis. Although I was involved initially I cannot be held responsible for their experimental conditions and conclusions. Furthermore, I believe that articles of this nature discourage further development of the RMCT, which seems promising for the detection of IgE specific for a variety of drugs. It is well recognized that binding of human IgE by rat mast cells is weaker than binding in the homocytotropic system; experimental conditions have to be exact for proper response in the test. Further work on mast cells from various strains of rats or mice, and investigation into appropriate storage conditions for these cells, may ultimately resolve some of the problems encountered with the RMCT.


This article reports draft proposals from the European Committee for Normalization (CEN) Technical Committee (TC) 226, Working Group 1 (WG1), which was entrusted with the standardization of safety barriers, crash cushions, and, in a general way, road restraint systems. Performance classes for safety barriers are to be determined by the following: (1) Containment Levels; (2) Impact Severity Levels; and (3) Deformation of the Restraint Systems. The proposed performance classes for crash cushions are generally similar to the NCHRP 350 matrix of test criteria.


As a supplemental practice to land consolidation projects, subsurface drainage systems have been installed in paddy fields to allow for crop diversification and to improve the overall productivity of paddy soils. The HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was applied to investigate the combined effects of different subsurface drainage systems and water management strategies on water balance, groundwater table, transpiration efficiency, and water use efficiency in paddy fields. Field experiments were conducted during four rice growing seasons (2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015) at the subsurface-drained paddies of the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in northern Iran. Midseason drainage (MSD) management was applied in 2011 and 2012, while alternate wetting and drying (AWD) management was adopted in 2014 and 2015. The model performance was evaluated using the model efficiency (EF), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and mean bias error (MBE) measures. The model had strong predictive capabilities for simulating the mid-drain water table depth for both water managements. Under MSD and AWD, daily evapotranspiration rates varied from 4.9 to 6.2 mm d−1 and −1 4.9 to 5.9 mm d , respectively. Drainage losses were higher under AWD than MSD, while the reverse order occurred for percolation losses. Compared with MSD, AWD improved the transpiration and water use efficiency of rice in the presence of subsurface drainage. Being capable of describing complex effects of AWD and MSD strategies in subsurface-drained paddy fields, the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model can serve as a practical tool for optimizing water productivity in these fields. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Porcelain is known to be the most aesthetic material for dental restorations. It can imitate nature and at the same time maintain oral harmony which is a complex theme in the field of anterior tooth restoration. The knowhow about the synthesis, form, function and superficial structure and the color finish of the natural teeth, together form the basis of aesthetic restoration. A new generation of ceramic substance which distinguishes itself by unique light optic relation feature has facilitated the reproduction of natural teeth. The concept which has been outlined in this article informs about a systematic and rationale advance in the field of anterior tooth restoration while fulfilling highly aesthetic requirement. This case study presents the management of midline diastema using two different types of metal free ceramics


HELIOS2009 is a 2D soccer simulation team which has been participating in the RoboCup competition since 2000. This paper describes the overview and the research focus of HELIOS2009. The current our research focus is to utilize human's knowledge to acquire a team strategy and a tactics. We have proposed an agent positioning mechanism based on a triangulation method. This model enables us to understand the influence of our operations. We are trying to extend our model to solve known issues and to apply our model to more complicated problems.


Nowadays, rail transit is developing rapidly in China; its safety directly concerns the safety of passenger's lives. As the key technology for assuring safety of the train, the signalling system plays an important crucial role. With the wide application of computer technology in rail transit, the technology and methods formerly used in safety assurance could no longer satisfy the ever increasing safety demand. In order to help designers to understand the R D of signalling system in western countries, the safety technology and its technical terms as well as their historical evolution are discussed; comparison and illustration are especially made for those important terms. From the advances of modern safety technology and safety standards in foreign countries, it could be seen that safety evaluation must be anticipated prior to the development of the system. Potential risks and faults must be analyzed and recorded, and must be taken as the safety problems to be solved in the process of development. Safety awareness must be bear in mind in the whole process of signalling system's design, development, manufacturing, installation and maintenance, rather than just taking as a safety problem after the system has been worked out.


In this paper we prove: Let L be an elliptic operator in (x, t) with constant coefficients, the coefficients of the lower derivatives being zero, and let Lo be the operator obtained from L by deleting all the terms involving t-derivatives. Let K(x, t) be a fundamental solution of Lu = 0. Then fr [K(x, t) S(x, t) ]dt is a fundamental solution of Lov=O where S(x, t) is a certain simple expression introduced for reasons of convergence. A similar result for parabolic equations was proved by Eidelman [I]. Consider the elliptic equation of order 2m


A delegation of South African researchers, emerging farmers represented by NAFU SA, the National Agricultural Marketing Council, and private sector companies represented by Pick n Pay and Fresh Pack, attended an international conference entitled ''Inclusive Business in Agri-food Markets: Evidence and Action''. NAFU SA was represented by the organisation's president, Motsepe Matlala, and myself.


The invention relates to enzymatic processes for producing 2-keto-1 -gulonovoy acid used as an intermediate in the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid. The purpose of the invention - an increase in the yield. A process for producing 2-keto-Yulonovoy acid comprising culturing microorganisms of the genus Pseudogluconobacter in a nutrient medium with L-sorbose, wherein in stage fermentation in a nutrient medium was applied in an amount of rare earth element 0,000001-0,1 wt.%, While in the process of culturing maintained concentration L - sorbose 2-40%. pH 5-9 and the temperature 25-35 & amp; deg; C, and culturing was carried out for 10-120 hours Table 7.. (LS


The mechanical properties of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) hybrid columns subjected to axial compression were simulated by finite element method and compared with the experimental results. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The variation of the cross-section strain along the cross section height is given before the peak load is reached, which is in accordance with the assumption of the flat section. On the basis of this, the thickness of the steel tube and the thickness of the reinforce concrete (RC) connecting plate are analysed. The research results show that the peak load is mainly determined by the bearing capacity of the RC connecting plate, and the concrete filled steel tubular column has better ductility after reaching the peak load.


Actively controlling the phase of terahertz wave has received much attention. Here, we present a complete theoretical treatment by using coupled-mode theory to actively control the reflective wave phase in a attenuated total reflection-based metasurface. Controlling is achieved by variations in the air gap, enabling the radiative loss (radiative Q factor) to be continuously adjusted over a narrowband frequency range. A singularity can be found in the phase slope spectrum when the radiation loss is equal to the intrinsic loss determined by material properties. The theoretical results have been verified by simulation and the experimental results. The physical mechanism of this phase transition in attenuated total reflection configuration would pave the way for potential applications such as polarization modulation, and guide further research works for terahertz physics.


− Even though stainless steel foil is not a highly efficient material for film-type solar cell, it has strong passivation capability without additional process. In this study, silicone resin was employed during a-Si:H thin film solar cell fabrication for the purpose of planarization and electrical insulation. In the first stage of process, silicone resin was coat onto the stainless steel (STS) using spin coater with thickness of 2~3 μm and followed by aluminum deposition using ion beam application. Unexpectedly buckling was formed during aluminum deposition process. After subsequent fabrication processes, solar cell performance was evaluated. In voltage-current data, slight increase of cell performance was obtained and interpreted by the increase of light scattering.


In the ruling period of Chu huai Emperor, there were no explicit unifying ideas and no consistent diplomatic strategies. In addition, Chu huai Emperor in his late years was politically fatuous and personally obstinate. These resulted in Chu State's failure both in diplomacy and military.


The exact biochemical mechanisms that initiate labor are not yet fully understood. Nitric oxide is a potent relaxant of uterine smooth muscles until labor starts, and its precursor is L‐arginine. Asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines, are potent NO‐inhibitors. However, arginines (dimethylarginines and L‐arginine) are scarcely studied in relation to labor and childbirth. We aimed to investigate arginines in women with spontaneous (SLVB) and induced (ILVB) term labor with vaginal birth and in women undergoing elective caesarean section (ECS).


The present article analyzes methodological awareness and use of methods in Swedish history textbook research, represented by five doctoral dissertations defended during the period 1997-2010. In a ...


The blended ratio is one of important parameters of new regenerated cellulose fiber blended product.In this article,the quantitative determination method of the blended ratio of Tencel,Modal and bamboo and cotton is studied.The tests of dissolving regenerated cellulose fibers by use of 5 traditional acid solvents are investigated to determine the quantitative determination conditions as 37% HCl,25 ℃,10min and HCOOH-ZnCl 50℃,90 min.


Extensive programming effort is expended in the rewriting of minor variations of already existing programs. One method of reducing this redundant effort is to devise a method for automatically generating programs for the solution of any of a class of problems. One such technique is illustrated in Figure 1. A generator program produces, in response to user inputs, an output program for the solution of a particular problem. User inputs to the generator can be either in the form of commands in a special purpose language (e.g., macro statement) or responses to computer-generated queries. The output code produced by such a system is free of coding errors usual in handwritten programs. The output program is a free-standing entity which can be used for production data processing without user intervention. The literature contains a number of references to this type of approach.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. Many routing, power management and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy consumption is an essential design issue. Since WSN protocols are application specific, so the focus has been given to the architecture. The routing protocols for WSN can be classified in three main categories: data centric, hierarchical and location based. Each of the routing protocol has the common objective of trying to get better throughput and to extend the lifetime of sensor network. The focus of this paper is along the following lines: Identifying the Optimal Clustering Routing Protocol for the Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. For this, we have proposed a Zone-Based Heterogeneous Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol (ZHEEC) for heterogeneous WSN. We have performed simulations in MATLAB 7.0. MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. We will show the detail comparison of proposed ZHEEC protocol with other benchmark protocols like LEACH, SEP and EERP in terms of Network lifetime. Finally a best protocol is obtained.


This workshop tells the story about my students and their journey from learning the Python language for the first time through to the final result which having games published worldwide on the App Store. This is a beginner workshop and no previous programming experience is required. Learn how to use the Pythonista app from basic if statements and for loops right through to using the scene module to draw graphics to the screen. Bring your iPad and learn how to get started with Python and build your first game! We will be developing on the iPad using an app called Pythonista, so no computer is required.


Supply and sales in any type of enterprise is an important and complex part of its operation. In the case of commercial enterprises, it is a fundamental area on which depends their profitability and performance. These processes include many activities that as the well-cooperating whole constitute an asset of the company. The article presents an analysis of the use of the prediction model to predict the volume of the cut flower – rose sales on the basis of historical data from the warehouse of green in Krakow. Range of goods in the analysed warehouse belongs to the group of goods with a very short shelf life. The usefulness of the method of indicators in additive and multiplicative version was assessed. The models were compared with regard to the minimization of the standard error of forecast and the results for the multiplicative version were given.


A near-fast solidifying method and apparatus for molten body are disclosed. Said apparatus is composed of a vacuum chamber consisting of upper and lower vacuum cavities and central sealing unit, heater in the upper vacuum cavity, quartz crucible in the heater, mould in the lower vacuum cavity, and circulating cooler. Its method includes vacuumizing said vacuum chamber repeatedly, filling argon gas, heating mother alloy to a temp which is 50-200 deg.C higher than its melting point, pulling up plunger rod while filling pressure argon gas to pour the molten alloy in mould instantaneously, and quick cooling.


The ways that early adopters of electronic messaging have used electronic mail (e-mail) in the schools were studied using the Unified Network for Informatics in Teacher Education (UNITE) system at the Instructional Technology Center of the University of Kansas. At the time of the study, UNITE was operating in 6 school districts and 16 schools. The UNITE system provides other services of access and planning, but the e-mail functions were the focus of the study. A network analysis was conducted of one-to-one messaging on the e-mail system, with the permission of 65 volunteer users. The largest group of e-mail users was the science teachers (36 percent of the users). The most avid users were the librarians, representing about 24 percent of the users, who corresponded with more individuals and sent more messages. It was evident that constraints on the time of teachers limited their uses of the system. Time, accessibility, and existing routine discouraged teacher use of e-mail and must be considered in any strategy to promote its use. (Contains 22


In the Mandelstam–Tamm version of the time-energy uncertainty principle Δt denotes the infimum of time intervals that elapse before the change in the mean of any observable has the same magnitude as its standard deviation. We clarify this interpretation, and show that the infimum is achieved for certain observables and thus that this famous inequality is actually an equality.


October 13, 2022 Type Package Title Generalized Integration Model Version 0.33.1 Date 2020-06-12 Author Han Zhang, Kai Yu Maintainer Han Zhang <firstname.lastname@example.com> Depends R (>= 3.4.0) Imports numDeriv Description Implements the generalized integration model, which integrates individuallevel data and summary statistics under a generalized linear model framework. It supports continuous and binary outcomes to be modeled by the linear and logistic regression models. For binary outcome, data can be sampled in prospective cohort studies or case-control studies. Described in Zhang et al. (2020)<doi:10.1093/biomet/asaa014>. License MIT + file LICENSE


The adhesion coefficient of wheel-rail surface cannot be directly measured, so a cascaded sliding-mode observer is proposed to observe adhesion coefficient and its derivative. A kinetic model for running heavy-duty locomotive is also established. The state equation of wheel adhesion control system is derived from the equation of traction motor torque balance, and adhesion coefficient is proposed to be calculated by load torque. Then, the cascaded sliding-mode observer is designed, and its stability is justified by Lyapunov stability. Based on the equivalence control principle for sliding-mode variable structure, an algorithm to estimate adhesion coefficient and its derivative is established. The simulation and experimental results are used to verify the effectiveness of the observer with load variations or wheel-rail status changes.


Abstract Background: To provide a more comprehensive clinic marker of tryptophan (TRP) catabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we developed a simple and efficient method that simultaneously measured serum TRP, kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Methods: A simple and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously quantitative determination of TRP, KYN and KYNA with fluorescence detection (FD) using programmed wavelength and on-column fluorescence derivatization. Thirty patients with SLE and 80 healthy control subjects were analyzed for serum TRP metabolites using the assay we developed. The tryptophan breakdown index (TBI) and neuroprotective ratio (NPR) were calculated. Results: The retention time of KYN, KYNA and TRP were 8.5 min, 13.7 min and 17.6 min, respectively. The linear range for TRP was 0.245 ~ 196 μmol/L, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001 μmol/L and average recovery was 103.71%. The linear range for KYN was 0.049 ~ 98 μmol/L, the LOD was 0.0245 μmol/L, and average recovery was 97.45%. The linear range for KYNA was 1.05 ~ 2093 nmol/L, the LOD was 0.05 nmol/L, and average recovery was 100.60%. Inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations (SDs) were <5%. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and creatinine did not interfere with the method. The results showed great differences in TRP, KYN and KYNA contents and TBI between patients with SLE and healthy controls, but little difference in NPR. Conclusions: The method is simple, fast, accurate, and meets the requirements for simultaneous determination of TRP, KYN and KYNA in serum. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:513–7.


Abstract : A reordering policy is envisaged in which two types of orders are possible. The first, a regular order, is such that the time to fill the order is a random variable. The second, an emergency order, is such that, effectively, the time to fill the order is zero. The cost of placing an emergency order should, of course, be greater than the cost of placing a regular order and under the circumstances an expression for per unit time cost is derived which when minimized will yield the optimal reorder policy. (Author)


At the site where the art museum will be is today an old warehouse, Katalin, which has been converted into awell-used building with space for acafe, shop, restaurant and astage for various events. The new art museum creates additional activity on the site and conditions for Katalin to develope their business. A flow runs through the property, which is currently used as aparking lot, the site's southern end from UppsalaTravel Centre at the northern corner of the plot where the UppsalaConcert and Congress lies. The new Art Museum creates opportunities to enhance the flow, by adding the museum below ground, the location may be activated and the use will increase. At ground level the museum rooflights creates alandscape in different height and size, and creates the facade of the museum. The rooflights creates seating and rest facilities, places to meet, secluded nooks and alandscape to discover for the smallest. The largest lanterns forming stairs to sit in and afew other forms benches. An open space in the middle of the plot creates space for smaller performances, collections, and general sunbathing. The businesses in Katalin has the option to set up tables and use the benches for outdoor seating. Lanternineraleaves room for apedestrian and bicycle path that cuts diagonally across the plot and creates aflow from VaksalaSquare with the concert hall to the travel center towards the city center. The entrance faces the southern part of the site and awall around the entrance creates clarity and awide staircase invites the visitor to the museum.When the visitors comes down to the entrance they are met by asunken courtyard that brings down the greenery and connects the parkdown to the museum. Around courtyard settles various features like reception area, cafe and shop. Even the office and art pedagogy settles around the courtyard and connects to the entrance. Behind the reception is toilets and wardrobe located which leads on to the auditorium. Past the reception begins the exhibition. A wide staircase creates an entrance and separation from the public areas. The exhibition rooms are illuminated with anatural light thanks to the rooflights, which brings in natural light and spreads it with their sloping surfaces. The natural daylight creates achanging light in the exhibition rooms and the visitor can discover new things in the exhibits on show thanks to the changing lights. An atrium extending into the main exhibition hall, creating space and height for exhibits and lets light flood into the room.


Objective To explore the personality characteristics and mental health of patients with schizophrenia of primary affection and convalescent stage,as well as the correlation between the two,so as to provide the theoretical basis for further formulating a comprehensive rehabilitation plan. Methods The questionnaire of NEO-FFI designed by McCrae and Costa and assessment of mental health in comprehensive assessment of physical and mental health for Chinese were used to assess the personality characteristics and mental health of 79 schizophrenia patients in primary affection or convalescent period who were treated by new antipsychotics(schizzy group) and 169 healthy persons(normal group),and the correlation. Results For the personality characteristics in the schizzy group and normal group,the scores of neuroticism [(3.06±0.55)vs.(2.72±0.54) ],extroversion [(3.01±0.46)vs.(3.29±0.41)],agreeableness[(3.27±0.30)vs.(3.50±0.33)],and responsibility[(3.20±0.44)vs.(3.45±0.35)] showed statistical differences(P0.001);while the scores of openness [(3.13±0.40)vs.(3.09±0.37)] showed no significant difference(P0.05).As for the mental health in the two groups,the scores of positive mood [(1.62±0.91)vs.(2.27±0.69)],cognitive function [(1.28±0.71)vs.(1.10±0.63)],and self-assessment [(2.19±0.98)vs.(1.67±0.82)] showed statistical differences(P0.05);while the scores of negative mood [(1.34±0.86)vs.(1.18±0.72)] and behavior problems [(0.99±0.54)vs.(0.94±0.48)] showed no significant difference(P0.05).There was a close correlation between the personality characteristics and mental health in the schizzy group,the neuroticism was positively correlated with the negative mood,behavior problems and self-assessment(P0.001) and the extroversion was positively correlated with the positive mood(P0.05). Conclusion In formulating comprehensive rehabilitation plan for patients with schizophrenia of primary affection and convalescent stage,great attention must be paid to their personality characteristics and mental health,so as to reduce the affection of some special traits of personality characteristics to mental health.


The penetration depth for millet (1.64 mm) as fluidization particles (Geldart group D) was determined in a large jetting fluidized bed of 0.5 m inner diameter and 8 m height and with two nozzles is recorded by a video camera and analyzed frame by frame. Based on experimental data, an empirical correlation for the penetration depth is proposed. Experimental results indicate that the penetration depth increases with an increase in the jetting velocity. Under the same jet gas velocity, the penetration depth decreases as the nozzle distance decreases. Meanwhile, a simple correlation for jet coalescence height is found. A radial voidage profile in the jetting fluidized bed is investigated using a PC-4 fiber optic concentration probe, the effects of jet gas velocity, and the distance between two nozzles on the radial voidage distribution, and a radial profile with unequal jet gas velocity in a jetting fluidized bed is studied.


The vowels of European languages are primarily distinguished by the frequencies of the two lowest formants in the spectrum of the output sound, which are in turn produced by the frequencies (R1 and R2) of the first two resonances of the vocal tract [1]. Under some conditions, many singers use the strategy of resonance tuning; i.e. they tune a resonance to a harmonic of the fundamental frequency f0. In particular, sopranos deliberately tune R1 to match f0, (R1:f0 tuning) once the fundamental frequency f0 approaches or exceeds the value of R1 in normal speech [2]. According to simple models of oscillator-duct interactions [3], and the reports of singers, resonance tuning can increase the loudness, uniformity of timbre, stability and ease of singing, all of which are usually considered to be particularly advantageous in opera. There is, however, a reduction in intelligibility once R1 is varied from its value in normal speech. The amount of deliberate resonance tuning required by sopranos would be reduced if the pitch of the note written for a vowel corresponded with its usual range of R1. Analysis of soprano rôles in operas by different composers indicates that Wagner aided the acoustics of the soprano voice at high pitch when setting text to music. Some other composers show either no systematic correlation of vowel with pitch, or correlations that do not aid R1:f0 resonance tuning. The paper will be illustrated with a collection of sound files.


Demo-economic and community aspects of family structure and formation in socialist countries are analyzed drawing on Engelss theories concerning family origin and development as well as on modern scientific knowledge. The impact of financial factors on family formation and interrelationships is examined. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS) (ANNOTATION)


Introduction. Congenital toxoplasmosis represents an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. The etiological agent is a largely spread parasite microorganism, Toxoplasma gondii. Fetal infection is possible only when the pregnant patient contracts the disease during pregnancy. The topography of fetal lesions involves especially the brain and the eyes. The most common form of the disease is represented by congenital encephalomyelitis, manifested by hydrocephalus, microcephaly, microphthalmia, typical signs of cerebellar suffering and ocular impairment. The definitive diagnosis involves the detection of specific IgM antibodies in the patient's blood, the persistence of IgG antibodies after the age of 1 year old, or the detection by PCR of the parasite DNA in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Objective. The paper presents the medical evolution of a case of congenital toxoplasmosis. Materials and method. We present the case of a male baby, 12 months old, institutionalized after birth, who was diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis at the age of 6 months old. Results. The evolution was unfavorable, the patient developing hydrocephalus, which necessitated the mounting of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and frequent meningitis episodes, of both viral and bacterial etiology. Thereafter, the patient developed spastic tetraparesis, generalized epilepsy, profound mental retardation and multiple respiratory infections. Conclusions. The clinical manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis range from asymptomatic or mild-medium disease forms to severe forms (4%), with serious neurological sequelae or even death.


The invention provides a device suitable for placing a component on a substrate, as well as such a method. A device suitable for placing a component on a substrate is provided with a component feeding device, a component pick-and-place device comprising a nozzle, a substrate carrier, means for moving the component pick-and-place device from the component feeding device to the substrate carrier and vice versa, as well as a global measuring system for determining the position of the component pick-and-place device during movement of the component pick-and-place device from the component feeding device to the substrate carrier and vice versa. The device is further provided with a local measuring system, remote from the global measuring system, for almost continually determining, in the proximity of a desired position of the component on the substrate, the position of the component pick-and-place device with respect to the substrate, which local measuring system is located closer to the substrate carrier than the global measuring system.


The load identification of the crossbeams in high-speed trains is proving to be crucial because of the complexity of its structure and environment. In this article, a method to identify the load of the crossbeam structure based on Bayesian finite element model updating and load-strain linear superposition algorithm is proposed. First, the finite element model is established. Using the numerical simulation under different loads, the relative mean error of load identification is less than 0.5% and the effect of strain field reconstruction performs well. Based on the model test system, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to update the parameters of the initial finite element model. Then an experimental setup is built with 64 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the crossbeam. The load identification results of the Tikhonov regularization method, and the load-strain linear superposition method before and after the Bayesian finite element model updating are analyzed and compared. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of load identification.


In this work, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based controller is presented to improve the performance of an existing control process in inverter-based resources (IBR). A DRL algorithm is utilized to learn a model-free value function which further improves the transient response of an IBR over fast response time frames. In addition, the developed controller provides black-box control, that is, it performs the desired control action without accessing or modifying the internal parameters of the existing controller in an IBR. The developed controller is tested in case studies utilizing EMT simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and its performance, resilience, and adaptiveness are verified.


Aiming at the low test precision of analog flux sensor,the flow test device based on the output of impulse is empoldered,which is made up of the high precision raster sensor and the low friction measure cylinder .The test software of frequency and cycle method is developed in this paper,which combines the test frequency method with the test cycle method to adapt to the wide scope hydrometry.


Since Hong Kong's reunification, America pays strict attraction to the development of Hong Kong and adopts "1992 United States-Hong Kong Act" as the foundation and legislation basis of U.S.-Hong Kong Policy. This Act recognizes "Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong" and accepts "one country, two systems". Specifically, this Act requires America, before, within and after the date 1 July 1997, to play an actively role to maintain the credit and prosperity of Hong Kong, and to protect its financially central position in international economic circle. In recent years, controversies on Hong Kong political reform provoke America's increasing intervention in Hong Kong affairs. This article is based on the recent U.S-Hong Kong policies and the comprehensive SinoU.S relations, to analyze the incentives behind those U.S-Hong Kong policies and thus, evaluating the adjustment and variations in U.S-Hong Kong relations. Keywords—Hong Kong China; Sino-US relations; US's policy toward Hong kong


The "IgD paradox" describes the unexpected finding that, despite a predominance of kappa (x) light (L) chains on the surface of IgD+ human B cells, the majority of monoclonal IgD proteins are of lambda (λ) type. This potentially informative phenomenon appears to be based on a preferential association between delta (δ) heavy (H) and λ L chains of IgD‐secreting cells. The current studies analyze the phenomenon in vitro. Initial assays on tonsil "spent" supernatants showed that the higher IgD‐"externalizing" cultures displayed progressively elevated IgD,λ/x ratios due to parallel shifts in total IgD and IgD,λ while IgD,x remained stable. The cells of the same higher‐IgD cultures demonstrated that individual IgD‐containing cells had a predominance of λ chains in contrast to IgM‐containing cells of the same cultures using fluorochrome‐antibody double staining. Certain tonsil culture IgD‐containing cells remarkably appeared to have exclusively λ chain. These same tonsils show evidence of IgD secretion (Litwin, S. D. and Zehr, B. D., Eur. J. Immunol. 1987. 17: 483); thus, these data align preferential δ‐λ chain association with IgD‐secreting normal tonsil B cells in vitro and emphasize the usefulness of IgD,λ/x ratio in monitoring IgD secretion. In another approach the relationship between the cellular location of IgD and the preferential δ‐λ chain association was studied using Triton X‐114‐partitioned cell lysates. IgD,λ/x ratios were one or less in the detergent phase (membrane‐enriched fraction) consistent with expected IgD,x predominance in membrane IgD. In contrast, the aqueous phase (intracellular‐enriched fraction) of IgD‐secreting cultures had 2–4 times higher supernatant IgD,λ/x ratios. The restriction of high IgD,λ/x ratios to intracellular fractions and supernatants of IgD‐secreting cultured cells parallels the predicted distribution of secretory IgD. In sera studies, the correlation between total IgD and IgD,λ/x ratio values was consistent with secreted sera IgD showing preferential λ chain expression. It was concluded that the phenomenon of δ‐λ chain preferential association is (a) expressed in vitro as well as in vivo; (b) a property of normal, nonmalignant human IgD‐secreting B cells; and (c) closely related to the secretory form of IgD. In certain cultures, the δ‐λ chain preference was so striking as to imply limited heterogeneity of the IgD immune response.


Forty-five spectral lines of doubly ionized lanthanum in the interval from 700 to 2000 A are reported. Thirteen newly discovered terms of the ns, np, nd, nf, and ng series are given. Calculations of the limit of three of these series result in a value of 154 672 cm−1 for the ionization energy with an estimated uncertainty of ±10 cm−1.


Brazilian forest's wood characterization requires very complex tasks due to the large number of species available throughout the whole national territory. Available wood characterization methods demand relatively long test timing or they are quite costly and sometimes they exhibit a lack of precision. This research work reports a new method for wood characterization based on a moire photoelastic technique. Such family of methods is able to generates the microtopography of the object under study and also the stress-strain distribution under a specific loading condition. Moire means wave like pattern generated when screens of same mesh density are superposed. It is reported the application of a moire technique in magnifying displacements, being also suitable as a photoelastic method. Three specimens of different wood species were submitted to axial loads before failure meanwhile a grid of specific mesh density was projected onto the object. The experimental setup this work included a digital camera to capture the moire patterns generated by the projection of a regular grid onto the object and processed by involving software named Gimp and Idrisi. Tests were conducted in the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Campinas University, Campinas, SP, Brazil.


In the marine seismic exploration streamer system (MSESS), the underwater power supply network transmits high voltage direct current (DC) to all acquisition and transfer nodes in the streamer. As oil exploration develops from the shallow offshore to deep sea, the depth of the exploration target layer is deeper and deeper. The exploration instrument requires a large-scale sensor array, and the corresponding length of the streamer is greatly increased. The increase of streamer length often results in insufficient power supply at the end-node, which makes MSESS unable to work. This paper proposes a power supply model of distributed sensor networks with boost converter, and designs a high-efficiency DC-DC boost converter for marine seismic exploration. Based on genetic algorithm, the optimal position of applying the boost converter is calculated. To some extent, it can solve the problem of power supply for large-scale sensor networks for marine seismic exploration. The research results of the model also have important reference value in applications such as large-scale sensor networks in land exploration.


The Bible refers to house lizards that could not be exterminated, not even from king's palaces (Solomon's Proverbs 30:28). It probably refers to Hemidactylus turcicus, carrier of the deadly Salmonella enterica, of pandemic infamy. Considering the size of Solomon's palace, it could have kept a population of 50 lizards which reproduced from March to August.


Objective:To analyze the present situation of hospitalization expense audit and explore an effective path for audit.Method:The author analyzes 2,350 discharge books of medical records whose expenses need adjustment.Result:The adjusting contents fail to match receipts of hospitalization expenses and there is time difference,and some other mismatches.Conclusion:The hospital didn′t do enough for the guaranteeing measures of accurate billing,which causes the great difficulty in auditing hospitalization expenses and then the author suggests that the effective measures for improving audit quality are to practice advanced management mode and reinforce audit.


Diabetes UK estimates that about 16 in 100 women may develop gestational diabetes (GD). GD is associated with adverse maternal-foetal outcomes such as preterm birth, newborn large for gestational age (LGA), and neonatal hypoglycaemia. This article explores the current research evidence on how physical activity interventions may provide impactful strategies to prevent and manage GD in addition to dietary modifications. Resistance exercise in particular has protective benefits similar to pharmacological interventions such as metformin. This article also provides practical ideas to encourage pregnant people to be more active.


Studying adaptive thermogenic responses as being a strategy to protect against several metabolic disorders. The browning process is a crucial point of adaptive thermogenic responses. The present study was carried out to examine whether inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) is a candidate for the browning process. Mice were caged in a 4 °C cold chamber (Cold group) for 24 hours and 23 °C room temperature condition (RT group). The result showed that mRNA expression of genes specific to thermogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), was markedly upregulated in iWAT of the mice in the Cold group compared to the mice in the RT group. Consistent with this, mRNA expression of the Transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) gene, specific to beige cells, was also significantly higher in the iWAT of the cold exposed mice than that in the iWAT of the mice housed at room temperature. Expression of solute carrier family 27member 1 (SLC27A1) gene, another gene coding for a protein of beige cells, was tendency to increase in iWAT of the cold exposed mice compared with that in iWAT of the control mice. However, this change was not significantly differed between the two groups. These data demonstrate that iWAT is an important tissue responding to cold-induced thermogenesis and browning process. Thus, iWAT is a promising candidate for further studies on the mechanism of cold-induced thermogenic responses in white adipose tissues.


Received: 23 September 2021 Revised: 8 October 2021 Accepted: 20 October 2021 Several reports have previously suggested that quantum dot (QD) display, which is a display device that uses QDs to produce pure monochromatic red, green, and blue light, have a potential for plant, algal and photosynthetic bacterial growth compared to the light-emitting diode (LED). We hypothesized that the QD-LED (Quantum Dot) system can provide desirable physiological benefits in Ginseng by improving its growth, viability, and active materials such as the ginsenoside family compounds. Therefore, this study focused on whether the total amount of ginsenoside family compounds can be increased during ginseng sprout growth under QD-LED system. Results showed that the amount of Rg1 and Rg3, the most abundant ginsenosides present in ginseng sprout, significantly increased in the root of ginseng sprouts but not in the leaves under the QD-LED system compared to the LED system. Furthermore, these findings suggest that ginseng sprout cultivation under the QD-LED system can lead to the development of high-productivity products.


Voltage drop and rise at network peak and off-peak periods are one of the major power quality problems in low voltage distribution networks. Additionally, the ever increasing demand for electricity along with the other requirements are driving modern day power systems towards more distributed generation (DG). Integration of large scale DG can be limited by these voltage variations. Therefore, it is of high interest to investigate the voltage support strategies that are able to successfully mitigate these problems. One of the solutions is to use energy storage systems (ESS). On the one hand limited amount of energy storage might not have the desired impact. On the other hand it is not possible to install large amount of energy storage as this would increase the costs substantially. Therefore it is required to optimally place and size energy storage. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the optimal placement and sizing of battery energy storage with the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in a low voltage distribution network. An optimization model has been developed in order to identify the potential battery size and location combinations that increase the RES hosting capacity of the distribution network. The optimization tool used for this problem is the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Among the most important features of this algorithm stands its robustness and ability to provide good results in optimization processes. The functionality and the performance of the developed model is assessed using an IEEE benchmark network that has shown to be adequate for both the dynamic and steady-state analysis. The results of this work show that the voltage problems caused by the integration of RES can be mitigated by optimal placement and sizing of battery energy storage. They also show that besides the the voltage profile improvement reduction of losses can be achieved.


In general, transmission lines were operated at very unbalanced conditions in power systems. Some lines were operated at overloaded conditions at all times, pushing them closer to their stability limitations. This is a result of the rising energy demand and concurrent economic restrictions placed on the generation of electricity. Additionally for stability purposes, the transmission lines' power flow must be restricted. Voltage stability is one of the most difficult studies and even with tried- and-true methods and technology for enhancing power system security, this challenge still requires extra work to ensure the stability of the system. One approach being examined to address issues with power system stability is the use of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. In this paper, comparative study of a 66kV system consisting of 400 km long transmission line under various load conditions and their voltage profile improvement using shunt compensation type of FACTS known as Static VAr compensator (SVC) is demonstrated using MATLAB SIMULINK software.


Watermelon produces many byproducts (watermelon rind and skin) even though those components contain various bioactive compounds, including citrulline. This study evaluated the citrulline concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of different parts of watermelon and investigated the bioavailability of citrulline from different parts of watermelon using an in vitro human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Solid-phase extracted watermelon flesh, rind, and skin samples were treated on a Caco-2 cell monolayer for 1, 2, and 4 h. The collected basolateral solution at each time point was analyzed for the percentage of citrulline transport. Watermelon flesh had the highest citrulline content, but the watermelon skin had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to other watermelon parts. The citrulline bioavailability showed greater % transport in watermelon skin than in watermelon flesh, rind, and L-citrulline standard. It may be due to the different food matrices of watermelon parts. This suggests that the utilization of watermelon by-products such as skin would help develop value-added products with better bioavailability of citrulline. However, since this study was conducted with an in vitro cell model, more extensive research with in vivo studies will be needed.


The development of internet and higher education on internet are briefly summarized.Then the future of higher education on internet is considered from the perspective of the development of internet,so as to prove a good prospect of higher education on internet.


ABSTRACT Embryos of temnopleurid sea urchins exhibit species-specific morphologies. While Temnopleurus toreumaticus has a wrinkled blastula and then invaginates continuously at gastrulation, others have a smooth blastula and their invagination is stepwise. We studied blastula and gastrula formation in four temnopleurids using light and scanning electron microscopy to clarify the mechanisms producing these differences. Unlike T. toreumaticus, blastomeres of mid-blastulae in T. reevesii, T. hardwickii and Mespilia globulus formed pseudopods. Before primary mesenchyme cells ingressed, embryos developed an area of orbicular cells in the vegetal plate. The cells surrounding the orbicular cells extended pseudopods toward the orbicular cell area in three Temnopleurus species. In T. toreumaticus, the extracellular matrix was well-developed and developed a hole-like structure that was not formed in others. Gastrulation of T. reevesii, T. hardwickii and M. globulus was stepwise, suggesting that differences of gastrulation are caused by all or some of the following factors: change of cell shape, rearrangement, pushing up and towing of cells. We conclude that (1) many aspects of early morphogenesis differ even among very closely related sea urchins with indirect development and (2) many of these differences may be caused by the cell shape and structure of blastomeres or by differences in extracellular matrix composition. Summary: Closely related temnopleurid sea urchins exhibit diversity in blastula formation and gastrulation during early morphogenesis.


The crystal of Hg1-xCdxTe grown by liquid phase epitaxy(LPE) before and after open-tube loop thermal annealing is studied by X-ray diffraction rocking curve(FWHM),X-ray topography and etch pit density(EPD)technology.The results show that FWHM and EPD are decreased and the strain can be released by open-tube loop thermal annealing.


To highlight the mechanism of NF-κB signaling pathway in regulating hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration(LR),Rat Genome 230 2.0Array was used to examine the expression changes of NF-κB signaling pathway related genes.It showed that hepatocyte proliferation was regulated by 138kinds of NF-κB signaling pathway genes,among them 46 genes were identified as liver regeneration-related genes.On this basis,we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0(IPA)to analysize the mechanism,the above gene expression changes predicted.It prompted that IL-1mediated NF-κB signaling facilitated hepatocyte proliferation during the priming phase of rat liver regeneration,GH mediated NF-κB signaling promoted that during the progressing phase,TNF-αmediated NF-κB signaling facilitated that during the priming phase,but inhibited that during the terminal phase.


1. A method for triggering safety controls (PS; ABS, ESP LW) for a vehicle (FZ), including: - generation by the sensor (ESP-S) of at least one yaw acceleration signal,! - sampling at least one yaw acceleration signal with a sampling period less than 10 milliseconds! - generating a control signal depending on the at least one yaw acceleration signal. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for outputting a control signal is provided a communication interface (IF3) for transmitting and receiving data,! 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control signal is used by the algorithm (800) as a control means for checking the likelihood or effect on the threshold value. ! 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one signal that is derived from at least one yaw acceleration signal, a part of the at least three-dimensional vector (VE), and the control signal is generated depending on the classification of the three-dimensional vector (VE). ! 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, depending on at least one yaw acceleration signal and at least one other probe traffic accident signal is recognized as not requiring triggering safety means and it is evaluated, whereby actuation security tools (PS, ABS, ESP, LW) controlled depending on the control signal from the condition of the protection of at least one subsequent traffic accident caused by the previous one. ! 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one other


InSb focal plane array (FPA) detectors are key components in IR imaging systems that significantly impact both cost and performance. Detector performance is affected by the electronic and crystallographic quality and uniformity of the semiconductor substrate. High-volume, high-yield production of InSb wafers to the standards required for FPA device manufacture requires growth of on-axis {111} crystals. An inherent source of variation hindering on-axis Czochralski crystal growth is anisotropic dopant incorporation. We report on newly developed growth methods that eliminate the negative effects of anisotropic dopant incorporation enabling high volume manufacturing of {111}-oriented substrates and discuss the consequential manufacturing benefits. We also report on a characterization technique to characterize microscale dopant variation across the wafer.


Loess plateau control has been listed as the major project of regional control for several decades, and all along it has been the research probing and tackling subject for Chinese researchers of both natural and social sciences. The article emphatically expounds the social strategic position, theoretical system and ecological reconstruction trend of the loess plateau control in Shaanxi province, and puts forward the theoretical view relating ecological reconstruction of the loess plateau.


Device authentication is an essential security feature for Internet of Things (IoT). Many IoT devices are deployed in the open and public places, which makes them vulnerable to physical and cloning attacks. Therefore, any authentication protocol designed for IoT devices should be robust even in cases when an IoT device is captured by an adversary. Moreover, many of the IoT devices have limited storage and computational capabilities. Hence, it is desirable that the security solutions for IoT devices should be computationally efficient. To address all these requirements, in this paper, we present a lightweight and privacy-preserving two-factor authentication scheme for IoT devices, where physically uncloneable functions have been considered as one of the authentication factors. Security and performance analysis show that our proposed scheme is not only robust against several attacks, but also very efficient in terms of computational efficiently.


In order to study the condition of facial nerve bone canal in patients with nerve palsy and the therapeutic effect of acupuncture Hegu point therapy on patients with facial palsy, in this study, 70 patients with bell facial paralysis who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital
 on July 30, 2018 solstice and July 30, 2019 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (CG) (n = 35) and an experimental group (EG) (n = 35). The EG received acupuncture and acupoint Hegu treatment, while the CG received conventional drug treatment.
 Magnetic Resonance Computerized Tomography (MRCT) image combined with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) facial nerve tube measurement technique was used to detect genu ganglion segment, nerve labyrinth segment and tympanic compartment of bell facial paralysis patients in the EG. Patients in
 both groups were evaluated by House-Brackmann scale, Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) scale, and Degree of facial Nerve Paralysis (DFNP). Finally, Logistic Regression Model (LRM) was used to analyze the factors influencing the treatment effect of bell facial paralysis patients. The
 results showed that the inner diameter of genu ganglion segment, labyrinth segment and tympanum segment of the EG was greatly smaller than that of the normal side, and the difference between the data was statistically significant (SS) (P < 0.05). After treatment, the House-Brackmann,
 SFGS and DFNP scores of patients in the two groups were greatly higher than before treatment, and the differences were SS (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of House-Brackmann, SFGS, and DFNP in the EG were greatly higher than those in the CG, and the differences were SS (P
 < 0.05). The analysis results of LRM indicated that DFNP score was negatively related to age and disease course (P < 0.05), and positively related to the neural labyrinth segment of the patient's side (P < 0.05). MPR facial canal measurement technique based on
 MRCT can directly reflect the facial canal paralysis in patients with facial paralysis. Acupuncture at Hegu point can effectively improve facial nerve palsy and other symptoms in patients with facial paralysis of bell in clinic and the recovery effect may also be affected by the age of the
 patient and the course of the disease.


During experiments to freeze-fracture leaf blades of rye and wheat, it was found that the replicas obtained broke up during cleaning and were rarely recovered. An unexpected and simple procedure led to a high recovery of replicas. For cleaning with chromic acid, the tissue and adhering replica were placed on the upper surface of a carbon-coated gold grid which was then floated on the cleaning solution. Figures 1-3 show typical replicas. A Balzers freeze-etch unit was used. Pieces of leaf blade were mounted obliquely in gold stubs and freeze-fractured in the usual way. The replica and remaining tissue were placed in methanol and transferred to chloroform for 15 min. They were then transferred through methanol to water, then to a sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 h, and rinsed in water. A loop was used to transfer the material on to a carbon-coated gold grid and the grid was then floated, with the material on the upper surface, on 500 chromic acid for 3 days. The gold grid usually separated from the carbon layer and was used to transfer the carbon layer and replica to rinsing water. The clean replica and adherent carbon layer were finally collected on either the original gold grid or a Formvar-coated grid. Several minor features of the procedure were important.


Purpose:To evaluate the effect of PVB chemotherapy plus radiation for advanced esophageal cancer. Methods:From April 1990 to December 1992, 100 patients with advanced esophageal cancer were randomized into two groups: radiotherapy(RT) group——55 patients received RT alone;chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group ——55 patients receieved RT combined with chemotherapy with cisplatin: 20 mg/m 2. iv.gtt.d1—5; vincristinum 1.4 mg/m 2. iv. da; pingyangmycinum 15 mg/m 2.iv.d2、8、15 for 2 cycles during radiotherapy. Rt in both groups was similar (65—70 Gy/6—8 W with routine fractionation). Results:The response was 67.27% in RT group and 85.45% in CRT group, The difference in response was statistically significant ( P 0 05); The 1、3、5 year survived rates were 43.64%, 16.36%,10.91% respectively in RT group and 67.27%, 38.18% 25.45% respectively in CRT group. The survival rates in CRT group were all higher than that in RT group( P 0 05); The major toxicity of chemotherapy (gastrointerstinal nausea, vomting and myelosuppression leukopenia)were all acceptable;Radiation toxicity inboth groups (actue and late lung injury) was similar. Conclusions:The result shows that CRT for advanced esophageal cancer is acceptable and the total effect superior to RT alone.


We present the current status of the study at the Tevatron, of the exclusive processes: and , produced via two photon interactions; , and from Double Pomeron Exchange (DPE); and, , and ; from photon-pomeron fusion (photoproduction). In closing we briefly discuss the plans for, and benefits of, studying exclusive physics at the LHC.


In a hot, arid zone, the load imposed on the building due to the roof is more than that for all the four walls; one of the proposed solutions to this condition is to use the roof pond. Using roof pond can reverse the performance of roof from heat source to heat sink that can withdraw the heat from building envelope. In this work a mathematical model, using the complex Fourier series was built for a single space building. Ambient temperature, solar radiation, and sol-air temperature have been treated as a periodic function of time. The effect of roof pond on the indoor temperature, heat flow to the building, temperature distribution through walls and roof were studied, as well as an exergy analysis to the roof pond was achieved. The result showed that using roof pond can reduce the mean indoor temperature by about 4 °C as compared with a building using the traditional roof. The exergy analysis showed that the maximum exergy efficiency conjunct with the maximum exergy destruction through roof pond.


The pandemic has urged countries around the globe to mobilize financing to support the recovery. This is even more relevant in Central America, where the policy response to cushion the pandemic's economic and social impact has accentuated pre-existing debt vulnerabilities. This paper documents the potential for local currency bond markets to diversify and expand financing for the recovery, lowering bond yields, funding volatility, and exposure to global shocks. The paper further identifies priority actions, both national and regional, to support market development.


The control of eukaryotic transcription requires the sequential interaction and precise coordination of a variety of large enzymatic complexes that are recruited by sequence-specific promoter/enhancer-binding proteins (Fig. 1). Regulation is exerted at all levels of the process, which include chromatin recognition and reconfiguration, covalent modification of histones, recruitment of coactivators and basal transcription components, and the assembly of an elongation-competent transcription complex that is capable of moving efficiently through nucleosomal arrays. Recent years have seen an explosion of new findings concerning how transcriptional regulation is exerted through complex regulatory elements in the context of a chromatin template. The Workshop on "Integration of Transcriptional Regulation and Chromatin Structure," hosted by the Fundacion Juan March in Madrid, Spain, was organized by Juan Ausio, Enrique Palacian, and Jim Kadonaga to address some of the newest emerging themes in chromatin and transcription. Specific sessions focused on the functions of specialized core promoter structures, promoter/enhancer-binding factors and associated coregulators, chromatin remodeling and modification complexes, as well as boundary elements and locus control regions.


The incidence of unilateral amblyopia has been variously estimated in the adult populations of the western world. In Europe, Cuippers (1958), referring to France, Switzerland and Germany, believes amblyopia to occur in 2-3 %. In Britain, Cole (1959) gave a figure of 5 7% for the young adult population of this country. A large proportion of the amblyopia of childhood is due to squint. Judging from the reports of the Public Health Departments the incidence of ocular deviation varies widely, and the figures given must depend upon the efficiency of ascertainment. In my own experience of an urban school population of 28,000 I have found that between 4% and 5% of school children have had


The author points out the similarity of the problem field of epistemology of Husserl and the late V. Soloviev, and also shows how the ideas of thinkers complement each other. As a result, the article concludes that Soloviev reaches a greater depth of knowledge of disclosure issues, rather than Husserl.


This brief presents a fixed-time disturbance observer for Brunovsky systems. The proposed disturbance observer is composed of a uniform convergent part and a finite time convergent part. The uniform convergent part first drives the estimation error trajectories into a compact set containing the origin and then the finite time convergent part achieves exact disturbance estimation. The proposed disturbance observer can achieve exact disturbance estimation within finite time upper bounded by a constant independent of initial estimation error. In addition, the upper bound of the estimation time can be calculated theoretically. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed disturbance observer and verify the declared fixed-time property.


Evidence is reviewed to show that, in most circumstances, legumes are of higher nutritive value than grasses. The reasons for such differences are explored using evidence from indoor feeding experiments. In particular, the superiority of legumes over perennial ryegrass appears to be due to a higher intake and a higher ratio of protein/energy absorbed. The mechanisms by which tannins in legumes such as Lotus and sainfoin can reduce bloat and improve nutritive value are also considered. Finally, the management of legumes in relation to their higher feeding value is discussed. It was considered that, because of agronomic factors, the superior nutritive value of legumes is not being exploited in agriculture.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of facial recurrent dermatitis,provide the basis for clinical take the right treatment.Methods 40 patients in accordance with the principle of random divided into two groups(tacrolimus ointment) in the control group(left cetirizine group),and each group of 20 patients.The patients topical 0.03% tacrolimus ointment twice a day;the control group patients were treated with left cetirizine tablets,once a day,each 10mg.Results The patients recovered,5 cases(25),effective in 12 cases(60),the effective rate of 85%;recovery in two cases of control group patients(10%) were cured,8 cases(40%),the effective rate of 50%.Efficient in both groups the difference was significant(χ2=8.02,P 0.05).Conclusion The recurrence of tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of facial dermatitis effects significantly,security,rapid onset,easy to use and provide a new treatment methods and means to face long-term oral administration of ineffective therapy in patients with recurrent dermatitis,suitable forthe majority of the primary hospital clinical application.


Ever since the 1960's several computer programs have been developed to support decision-making in medicine. Among the earliest of these programs were those on the analysis of ECG (59). The first really successful decision support system using clinical symptoms was the program for abdominal pain diagnostics. It was better at diagnosing than the physicians (60). The program was based on Bayesian analysis, which proved to be a good method for diagnostic reasoning. The first medical expert systems were developed in the 1970's. The first four expert system programs in medicine were MYCIN, PIP, INTERNIST/QMR and CASNET (62). Of these, QMR is still being developed and is commercially available. Several other medical expert systems have not yet reached the production stage. Electronic books form a group of their own among decision support systems. One good example is a product known as YKT (General Practitioner's Handbook) (92) which is already commercially available. All in all numerous medical expert systems and decision support systems have been and are being developed. The main purpose of the present study was to develop decision support system prototypes for epilepsy and sleep disorder diagnostics. The study progressed towards the development of Epilepsy Expert. Simultaneously with the planning of the evaluation of Epilepsy Expert, Sleep Expert was developed. The evaluation of both systems was then conducted in parallel. A more detailed examination of the stages of the research is described below.


Exposure to mite allergens is a major risk factor for sensitization and the development of asthma. Der p 1 and Der f 1 content in homes and probably the proportion of both antigens is highly variable even in the same geographical area.


Wherever human activity is housed, the control of odor has become a necessary adjunct to the control of climatic factors. This control is required for internally generated odors occurring as a natural consequence of the occupants' activities or odor crises resulting from accident or malfunction. Up to the present time, this control has been effected primarily by dilution wilth outside ventilation air and to a lesser extent by a number of more or less effective deodorant products and devices. Ventilation dilution suffers from two disadvantages. It increases the cost of both the initial investment and the operating cost of heating and cooling equip ment, pricing complete air conditioning beyond the reach of many potential customers. Secondly, good quality ventila'tion air is becoming more difficult to obtain as evidenced by the increasing number of smog, smoke, and m a z e areas. Most available deodorant produds have been only partly effective because of their cost, because of their limited effectiveness, o r because many of them depend on deceiving or inactivating the sense of smell rather than removing the offensive contaminant. Borg-Warner Corp., through its York Division and its Roy C. Ingersoll Research Center, has discovered a ,true deodorant system which surpasses previous methods of odor control. Its commercial embodiment, PURAFILTJ.I* air deodorant, consists of a combination of potassium permanganate with activated alumina formed in the shape of pea sized balls. These are used in filter beds through which the air to be deodorized is passed. The odor is extracted from the air by the alumina, then it is destroyed by the permanganate.


Covid-19 has changed consumer behaviour, probably forever. Initial consumer stockpiling led to stockouts, threat and uncertainty for consumers. To overcome shortages, consumers expanded their use of channels and many consumers started buying online for the first time. In this paper, we aim to address important research gaps related to consumer behaviour during the pandemic and especially stockpiling. Our paper starts by presenting the findings of our pre-study, which used social media to elicit or confirm potential constructs for our quantitative models. These constructs complemented the protection motivations theory to explain stockpiling behaviour, forming the basis for study 1, the stockpiling preparation stage and study 2, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic disruptor on customer service logistics and lockdown shopping channel preferences. For studies 1 and 2 we gathered data via a UK online panel-structured questionnaire survey (n = 603). Results confirm that consumer-driven changes to supply chains emanate largely from consumer uncertainty. Lockdown restrictions led to consumers feeling socially excluded, but enhanced consumers' positive attitudes towards shopping online and increased consumers' altruism. In response, consumers stockpiled by visiting physical stores and/or ordering online. Lockdown restrictions led to feelings of social exclusion but, importantly, stockpiling helped to minimize consumer anxiety and fear and even increase wellbeing.


This research advances the theoretical knowledge of the entrepreneurial process by investigating opportunity recognition, evaluation and exploitation in the context of prototyping. In particular, this thesis studies if, how and why the phenomenon changes the new venture creation process. Eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with founders of startups offering a digital solution. The multiple case study approach allowed us to gather rich data to shed light on this phenomenon mostly neglected in entrepreneurial research thus far. Our results suggest that the context and the specificity of prototyping fundamentally change our understanding of the new venture creation process. Even though prototyping does not noticeably change the opportunity recognition phase, we see that both opportunity evaluation and exploitation are profoundly impacted by the phenomenon. Key regarding the evaluation is the increased opportunity confidence created through enhanced communication, feedback, and feasibility analyses, in the case of digital solutions accomplished through measurable data. Besides, for the context of this study, it has been found that prototypes are being exploited before the completion of the opportunity evaluation. Hence, we have seen that in the context of prototyping, the evaluation and exploitation phases are closely linked and inform each other. Lastly, this research delineates theoretical and practical implications based on our findings. (Less)


At the end of the year 2019, a novel virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV or COVID-19) first appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan and the WHO declared the novel coronavirus disease as a global pandemic on March, 11th 2020. Corona Virus is RNA virus, major virus that affects respiratory system and can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, so there emerged several management strategies to combat the challenge of the disease. Azithromycin is one of those treatment options. Azithromycin have been used widely and generally considered as safe medication. The design of this study is Cross-Sectional Study. The 80 Covid-19 positive in ICU were given Azithromycin along with other standard treatment, Side effects were divided into mild serious and allergic reactions. These were noted down in pre designed proforma. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 25. 80 patients were studied 38 (46.2%) patients experienced side effects, majority of which were mild in nature, Out of 80 patients Abdominal Pain was 37.5%, diarrhea 22.7% nausea 25%, transaminitis 2.5%, anorexia 26.3%, taste perversion 36.3%, dyspepsia 15%, vomiting 17.5%, headache 6.3% and somnolence 1.3%. Only 1 (1.25%) patients had arrhythmia and 1 (1.25%) had urticaria that was successfully treated. After this study this can be concluded that Azithromycin is safe drug as majority of side effects experienced were mild in nature and it can be safely used to treat Covid-19 positive patients.


The Boy and The Swan, a children literature, tells about an isolated boy named Aishe
who is left by his mother and adopted by his grandma. He always feels lonely in his
times. So, he always looks for his happiness until he finds his lost someone (his
mother). The central point of this analysis is the personality of Aishe who faces his
life without his parents as the usual condition of children. This condition makes him
becomes an introvert boy and he cannot make a good relation between each other in
the social environment. This research aims to understand how the main character's
id which relates to the nature, ego, and superego which relates to the nurture
influences the main character's personality. The method used in this research is
qualitative research, especially library research. This research applies psychonalysis
theory by Freud. This research concludes that through this story, the nature of the
main character are in the form of the good heredity from his grandma and his mother.
It is love towards his grandma and animals. While the nurture that influences Aishe's
personality comes from his surrounding. The ego often gets trouble to choose because
between the id and the superego are often in conflicts. The ego works to win the
stronger influence between id and superego.


This paper presents a 24-channel time-shared 8-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with dual sampling to minimize the effective channel area of the column driver integrated circuit (IC) for high-resolution active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLED). The proposed time-shared DAC significantly reduces the effective channel area of the column driver IC, since a single high-speed DAC is shared among multi channels. The dual-sampling architecture for the output amplifiers also reduces the power consumption of the column driver IC, where the operating time of the time-shared DAC and the output amplifier is efficiently handled during the limited 1-horizontal time. The sampling accuracy of the dual-sampling architecture is improved by a simple dummy switch and a source follower. The proposed time-shared DAC with the dual sampling is implemented by a 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> high-voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and integrated in a 960-channel column driver IC, while the effective channel area of the column driver IC is 5520 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. As a result of driving an 11-inch-wide quad extended graphics array AMOLED panel by using the prototype column driver IC, the panel uniformly generates a clear image.


The present report systematically expresses the tasks and / or activities carried out in
compliance with the functions of the profession, included in the professional profile, and
consigned in the curriculum of the professional career. According to its nature, the Municipality must fulfill the double function of government and administration of services; being able to generate and manage their own tributary memories and municipal revenues. That is why it is believed that the property tax shows an impact on the income of the same. One of the main objectives is to create tax awareness in taxpayers, and improve the image of the service in the public sector; achieving this, the tax base and the optimum increase in the collection in the Provincial Municipality of Chepen would be expanded. Based on the foregoing, the respective conclusions and recommendations have been drawn up with which it is intended to improve the effective collection of the Property Tax in the Provincial Municipality of Chepen.


Aluminum poisoning was reported first in 1921 (1) in a metal worker who presented with loss of memory, tremor, jerking movements, and incoordination. It has only been in the last decade that the clinical toxicity of aluminum has become recognized, and there are two major areas of concern. One is a group of specific neurological disorders in patients with normal renal function; the second involves a spectrum of diseases in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. The importance, if any, of the findings of increased brain-tissue aluntinuin concentrations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other related or similar neurological syndromes remains to be clarified. In patients with end-stage chronic renal failure, however, an increased body burden of aluminum is now known to have an important role in the pathogenesis of several of the known complications of long-term treatment (2). The known complications include dialysis encephalopathy, osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy, and anemia. In patients with chronic renal failure who are being treated by hemodialysis, the increased body burden of aluminum can be derived from either the tap-water used to prepare the dialysate, or from gastrointestinal absorption following the oral administration of aluminum-containing gels, which are used in the therapeutic control of hyperphosphatemia. Symptoms of aluminum toxicity, after its oral administration, may also appear in patients with chronic renal failure who are not on hemodialysis treatment. Most work to date has involved the analysis of blood, bone, or brain tissue to determine total aluminum content (3). Very little effort has been directed towards tissue localization of aluminum as a means of explaining its toxic effects. One area of some activity has been in the examination of bone biopsy specimens in patients with dialysis osteodystrophy. Here electron-probe x-ray microanalysis, analytical ion microscopy, and a specific histochemical staining procedure all have demonstrated that, in hemodialysis patients with predominantly osteomalacia, the aluminum is localized mainly at the interface between the osteoid and calcified matrix (4, 5). Some recent elegant studies by Pen et al. (6, 7) have been directed towards investigating the potential role of aluminum in the pathogenesis of neurofibnillary tangles, an important component of the histologic changes seen in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The techniques used by Pen et al. for localization of aluminum within central nervous system tissues have been those of scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with x-ray spectrometry. This issue of Clinical Chemistry includes a paper by Verbueken et al. (pp 763-768) on the ultrastructural localization of aluminum in patients with dialysis osteomalacia. These authors point out the limitations of sensitivity with previous techniques, including electron-probe x-ray microanalysis, which have been used for tissue localization of aluminum. A relatively new technique, laser microprobe mass analysis (iint), is described and applied to the subcellular localization of aluminum in liver and bone biopsy specimens from dialysis patients. This powerful technique can detect several elements simultaneously and has been applied on a limited basis to the detection of organic compounds. Applications to the "fingerprinting" of single mycobactenial cells also have been reported (8). The technique of iAMIir is described briefly in the paper by Verbueken et al. and is the subject of an entire issue of Analytische Chemie covering a LAMMA-Symposium held October 1980 in Dusseldorf; F.R.G. (9). It is apparent that applications of tzfr&. are going to make a considerable impact in studies on the biochemical changes in disease. Clinical chemists knowledgeable in sophisticated analytical techniques, tissue preparation, and experimental design and interpretation could contribute by being involved in these applications. The recent study by Verbueken et al. on aluminum toxicity serves as an excellent example of the power of this new technology.


In this paper, design optimization of a vent vale of automotive fuel tank is performed for minimizing fuel leak. To solve the optimization problem, an orthogonal array is used to generate training points and experiments are performed to measure the experimental data according to training points. Later, Kriging meta-model is generated and design optimization is performed using GA (Genetic Algorithm). Finally, we obtained optimization results and verified the optimization results by rollover leak test, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design procedure.


An algorithm of defining sensitivity factors permitting to estimate the influence of changing parameters of the state of money market on the outcomes of decisions taken is offered.


Transposition and lunar docking associated with Apollo 9 and subsequent manned Apollo missions were simulated using test vehicles equipped with flight-type docking hardware. Flight vehicle mass properties were simulated and each test vehicle was provided with 5 degrees of freedom, except for the heavy Apollo 9 LM/SIVB vehicle which was simulated by a fixed structural frame. The test vehicles were suspended as simple pendulums with each suspend- ing cable terminating at the vehicle CG in a three-axis gimbal system. The overhead pendu- lum pivots were supported on air bearings. Program objectives included latch capture bound- ary studies, demonstration of docking hardware capabilities, experimental and math model data comparisons, and the procurement of astronaut training aids via film documentation of the docking targets as viewed through the Crewman Optical Alignment Sights. Variable test parameters included velocity, attitude, angular rate, radial miss distance, and longitudinal thrust applications.