In this work, Ti3C2/single-layer black phosphorus (BP)/Ti3C2 resistive random access memory (RRAM) was studied based on the first-principles theory. First, after determining the size of the material, the Ti3C2/BP(100) interface was built. By studying the electrostatic potential of the interface, it was found that there was a Schottky barrier at the interface, and the barrier height was obtained by calculating the work function and the band structure of the interface. Next, a Ti3C2/BP(100)/Ti3C2 RRAM device was designed based on the mechanism of the Schottky barrier at the interface. The bipolar switching characteristics were confirmed after calculating the I–V curve of the device, in which the turn-on threshold voltage is about 1.5 V, the turn-off threshold voltage is about 0.5 V, and the switch ratio is greater than 105. However, there are still shortcomings such as insufficient drive current. So, in the end, the optimization program is determined through a series of studies of device doping and vacancy, and it is found that after a certain concentration of Mg atoms are adsorbed, the conductivity of the resistive switching layer can be increased, the interface barrier can be adjusted, and the device performance such as the turn-on voltage, drive current, and switching ratio can be improved. This work may have guiding significance and value for the experimental research of manufacturing a new two-dimensional material RRAM.


Dielectric relaxation behavior of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) during the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) was investigated. The result of the temperature dependency of the dielectric properties indicated that the glass transition temperature of the aged PEEK increased as increasing radiation doses and thermal ageing time. The relaxation intensity calculated using Cole-Cole's circular arc could be useful for the evaluation of the PEEK degradation.


The utility model discloses a Watt offline flyback insulation type multi-output power supply and pertains to the technical field of power supplies and electronics. The Watt offline flyback insulation type multi-output power supply comprises an alternating current input unit, a step-down transformer, a rectifier unit, a direct current input unit and a flyback circuit, wherein the alternating current input unit, the step-down transformer and the rectifier unit are sequentially connected; the direct current input unit and the flyback circuit are sequentially connected; and the output end of the rectifier unit and the output end of the flyback circuit are parallelly connected and then connected with the input end of a Watt offline flyback output unit. The Watt offline flyback insulation type multi-output power supply has the advantages of high control precision, stable circuit operation, high reliability and high strong anti-interference performance; the multi-output power supply has two inputs of an alternating current 380V input and a direct current 220V input and the output is isolated multi-output direct current power supply output, such that requirements that a driving control circuit always maintains continuous current, the output power is large and mutual influence does not exist can be met; mutual interference can be avoided and requirements of power supplies with different levels can be met; a switching tube can be rapidly and sensitively controlled and the frequency and the pulse width are controllable; the Watt offline flyback insulation type multi-output power supply can be widely applied to the driving power supplies of an IGBT tube and a thyristor in high power electronics and power supplies of various circuit boards; and the technical scheme of the utility model is a reasonable scheme for providing a power supply for a driving thyristor and circuit devices.


Due to the high electricity consumption of dewatering systems in the South African mining sector, numerous load-shifting projects have been implemented to reduce the peak electricity demand. In the past, a lack of maintenance on dewatering systems often caused deterioration in the load shift performance of these projects. Limited research has been published that evaluates the effect of pump availability on load shift performance. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology that enables investigation and quantification of the effect that pump availability has on load shift performance. The methodology consists of four phases supported by eight individual steps. The methodology is applied to the dewatering systems on three different mines. The reduced availability correlated to poor load shift performance. Specifically, if hours of reduced availability directly preceded peak TOU periods. It is also found that reduced availability of pumps for more than one hour, further decreases load shift performance. The results proved that if the availability of one pump is reduced for one hour, the total operating cost can increase to a total of R1.4-million p.a. for the above mentioned three mines. If the availability of one pump is reduced for two hours, the operating cost can increase to a total of R4.6-million p.a. for the three mines.


Today, in the digital age, the emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) reshape human life significantly. Fundamental changes reflect in humans' behavior and worldviews. In the field of education, the impact of ICTs manifests on the four components of education: teacher, learning environment, student and curriculum. Each of these components is affected by the digital age. The teachers' identity is a critical component, that can throw light and explain why the field of education is still far behind when it comes to digitization and reshaping education. In this paper, we apply a known SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification and Redefinition) model in order to assess the above components of education in the context of digitization. Teachers' testimonies are used to place each of the mentioned components at its specific SAMR level. The teachers' testimonies verify the major differences between the way the teachers adjust to the digital age and the way their students do. The criteria found to be the main implication in the interviews resonates why each of the mentioned components is in a different SAMR level. To succeed in reshaping education to fit the digital age, and reach digitalization, all the components described should reach the highest level of SAMR – redefinition. The difficulty lies within the contingent relations between the components. When one independently progresses, others are still behind blocking other components' progress as well. Teachers' Identity, Teachers' Worldview, Digital Age, SAMR Model, Science Teachers


This paper deals with the implementation of the one dimensional form of the fractional order derivative constitutive relation for three dimensional analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite plates. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composites (PZCs). The von Kármán type nonlinear strain displacement relations are used to account for the geometric nonlinearity of the plates. A nonlinear smart finite element model (FEM) has been developed. Thin laminated substrate composite plates with various boundary conditions and stacking sequences are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the three-dimensional FDM for both the passive and active control authority of the ACLD patch located at the center of the laminates.


Abstract Despite decades of military-to-military talks and the creation of several China–U.S. defense confidence-building measures, clashes between Chinese and American military units operating in the international waters and airspace near China have repeatedly disrupted their bilateral relations. Since the mid-1990s, the two defense communities have negotiated a series of bilateral defense and security agreements and confidence-building measures seeking to reduce mutual tensions and advance their common security interests. These measures have promoted a better understanding of each party's security concerns, but they remain highly constrained and vulnerable to disruption from external shocks. Several factors have impeded their development. The most important obstacle has been the underlying contentious nature of the Chinese–U.S. relationship, which is manifested most acutely by tensions over Taiwan. As leaders of the weaker power, moreover, Chinese policymakers fear that excessive transparency could prov...


Generic design aims at achieving non-redundancy for simplification reasons, by unifying similarity patterns at design and code levels, whenever there is an engineering benefit of doing so. The extent of non-accidental repetitions recurring similar structures in programs suggests that the potential of generic design may not be fully exploited. Poor design and ad hoc maintenance are the two often mentioned reasons why programmers multiply similar code structures (often termed as clones in literature). At times, cloning is done in a good cause, for example, to speed up development, increase program's performance or improve its reliability. Still, much unresolved similarity remains in newly developed, well-designed programs. Often a symptom of failure to achieve genericity (therefore, term "weak generics"), such situations were of our prime interest in the work reported in this paper. In the paper, we present results from four empirical studies in which we found over 60% of code contained in similar program structures, recurring many times in programs. In some cases, problems occurred, as using conventional methods a suitable generic solution was either complicated or conflicted with other design goals that could not be compromised. In yet other cases, existing mechanisms were not sufficient to define suitable generic design solutions. We believe the problems that we observed are not isolated but affect many other programs. We propose to strengthen generic design by applying meta-level parameterization and generation on top of conventional programs. We discuss one technique to realize such a "mixed strategy" solution and trade-offs involved in employing meta-level techniques. The approach is practical as it complements, rather than competes with other programming paradigms, and can be gradually adopted, starting with conventional programs. It has been successfully applied in industrial projects.


first glance, the intense public concern with crime in the United States today seems understandable enough. Even though the suffering and distress that flow from assaults, thefts, burglaries, and other illegal acts are not easily calculated, we are constantly reminded of the high and rising cost of crime. And if a member of the public has not yet been victimized, his anxiety about the prospect at a time when there is one major crime committed per year for every twenty persons is hardly surprising. The concern about crime is so pervasive, however, so emotionally laden, that we must suspect that somewhat deeper causes may be involved. Psychiatry, quick to turn the tables on us in such matters, tells us that a good share of our concern may be due to our own unconscious impulses that we cannot bear to face. And, in recent years, a number of social critics have claimed that "crime in the streets" and similar slogans are no more than code words for bigotry; the public clamor about lawbreakers, it is said, is simply a disguise for widespread racial fear and hatred. There is undoubtedly some truth to these ideas, but I think that it would be a serious mistake to reduce the present unease about the problem of crime to a Freudian projection or a political artifact; and, in fact, there remains another possible basis for today's concern about crime that may be more significant. Despite a good deal of skepticism on the part of many liberals about talk of crime waves and the problems of law enforcement, it was clear by the end of the sixties that crime rates had increased sharply. Much of this growth in criminal behavior was of a familiar sort, but no less a serious source of worry for all that. In addition, however, it appeared to many that new kinds of crimes


The paper puts forward the original theory about the description way to the micron wood fibre through video technique,and also analyses the image of micron wood fibre and the handling technology method that uses microscope scanning to obtain the micron wood fibre.We initiats a kind of new scientific way to describe the wood fibre,and designs the video description system.Through geometric transformation and the video description,we will get the plan picture of cell dimensions.This paper analyses the prospect that we use the border examination theory to analyze the cell.


Human resources are very important and must be had in an effort to achieve goals. Human resources are the main element for individuals who compare with other elements, which are supported to develop the existing potential. Capital resources or capital is one means to support the production process of an item or service. Capital does not only consist of technological money, equipment, machinery, land, information, and so on, including capital because it can support the production process. With the capital, the production process will become easier and more efficient, for example, the use of tractors by farmers will increase land management by other manual and traditional methods. Natural resources are resources derived from nature, they can be obtained as valuable goods or services. For example in planting patches in an area will make this area a producer of food or vegetables will be very beneficial for humans if it can be processed properly. In this study, the dominant or significant factor related to human resources has a significant 0,000 <0.05 with a standard coefficient of 0.680 or contributes to farm household income of 68.0%. Capital resources have significant ownership of 0.001 <0.05 with a standard coefficient of 0.526 or contribute to farm household income by 52.6%. While natural resources have significant ownership of 0,000 <0.05 with a standard coefficient of 0.712 or contribute to farm household income of 71.2%. To make this refutation, it is necessary to re-evaluate the group in Tlekung Village, Jonrejo Subdistrict, Batu City, which are human resources, capital resources, and natural resources.


We forecast US output growth using an array of both Classical and Bayesian models including the recently developed Dynamic Variable Selection prior with Variational Bayes [DVSVB] of Koop and Korobilis (2020). We accommodate over 300 predictors that are incrementally captured from 5 factors, 60 factors to over 300 factors covering relevant economic agents. For robustness, we allow for both constant and time varying coefficients as well as alternative proxies for output growth. Using data covering 1960:Q1 to 2018:Q4, our results consistently support the use of high-dimensional models when forecasting US output growth regardless of the choice of forecast measure. For the density forecast of real GDP growth in particular, the results favour the DVSVB and time varying parameter assumption.


The title compounds (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Gd2O3, Sc2O3, and In2O3 (1200, 1300, and 1400 °C for 24 h each), and by gel combustion synthesis using glycine as fuel followed by annealing at 850 °C for 6 h.


The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out that the party's political construction is the fundamental construction of the party and determines the direction and effect of the party; construction. Obviously, the construction of the party is the premise and foundation for doing all work well. The main contents of the political construction of the grass-roots party organizations include eight aspects: firmly maintaining the party; leadership, firmly holding the political position, implementing the political line, strictly enforcing the political discipline, seriously carrying out the political life of the party, carrying forward the political culture, improving the political ability and strengthening the political responsibility. The political construction of the party organizations in the secondary colleges of colleges and universities should be closely related to the basic task of Building Morality and cultivating talents, focusing on the actual needs of teachers and students; work and learning, and close to the characteristics of campus culture in Colleges and universities. Strengthening the political construction of the party organizations in the secondary colleges is the key to strengthening the Party Construction in Colleges and universities. It is the inevitable requirement for the effective implementation of the fundamental task of moral education and human development in Colleges and universities, and the only way to meet the requirements of the development of the times.


Guide for Ms. Scott's Montessori class on the mechanics of viral outbreaks and humanities ability to adapt to these crises.


The IEEE 802.11ac is the recently ratified standard developed for the fifth generation wireless fidelity technology, in which the multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technique is adopted for the high data rate communication. In an MIMO-OFDM System, the forward/inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT/IFFT) processor is a key component. On proper reception, the reordering and scheduling of data is important for the optimal utilisation of butterfly resources in the pipelined FFT/IFFT processor. In this study, a mathematical model for an eight-parallel multimode (N = 512/256/128/64) multi-path delay commutator-based FFT/IFFT processor which is suitable for the IEEE 802.11ac compliant MU-MIMO-OFDM system is presented. On the other hand, the data reordering, scheduling methodologies and its architectures are proposed for the pre-, post-FFT/IFFT process are proposed. The design implementations are done using TSMC 65 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology at 160 MHz. The power and area metrics with and without clock gating are compared. The clock gated implementation reports show that the power consumption is 17.44 mW for the pre-transformed data reordering and 11.64 mW for the post-transformed data reordering with an area occupation of 0.7694 mm2 and 0.5111 mm2, respectively.


The problem of joint property is closely related to the problem of divorce in family relationships, both in divorce and in divorce. The thing to consider after divorce is property, especially in property brought by yourself before getting married and also property after marriage which is also called joint property. This study uses a methodology with a qualitative approach. As well as the method used in the research based on the approach used, the normative juridical method is used. In his analysis it was found that if the divorce by the State Civil Apparatus resulted in a difference in the distribution of joint property, this was seen from which party wanted a divorce. If it is from the husband's side and the husband is also an ASN, then joint property is given. But if it's from the wife who wants it, then she doesn't get that part.


The total resources of the business organizations define the size of the operational activities and provide the base for the revenue and availability of the working capital for the business activities. The oil and gas industry provides a base for the manufacturing and processing sector in India. Downstream oil and gas firms play a vital role in processing crude oil and gas and procuring it for final consumers. The study is intended to get the degree and direction of governance of the financial performance of the downstream Indian oil and gas firms. The study is based on secondary data while financial ratios, index numbers, post hoc homogeneity, and correlation are calculated to get the financial performance, movement trend, sensitivity of movement, and governance of the financial performance measures by the total resources in downstream Indian oil and gas firms. The study found that the growth of the total resources affects the profit-earning capacity and return on total resources in downstream Indian oil and gas firms positively but negligibly. There is moderate sensitivity between the growth of total resources and short-term paying ability while no relationship between the total resources and solvency of firms in downstream Indian oil and gas firms. The finding of the study concludes that investment in the total resources can be increased to get the benefits of profitability and profits, ultimately. But, the investment in the smaller downstream Indian oil and gas firms is more profitable than the investment in the larger downstream Indian oil and gas firms.


Scanning second-harmonic generation and third-harmonic generation microscopy of a gallium nitride (GaN) sample was demonstrated using a femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser. Taking advantage of the electric-field enhanced second-harmonic generation effect and bandtail state resonance effect, the obtained second-harmonic and third-harmonic generation microscopic images revealed the piezoelectric field and bandtail state distributions in a GaN sample.


A premature infant on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with IntralipidR (IL) developed hemolytic anemia with striking stomatocytosis, which cleared when IL was discontinued; 10-month hematologic follow-up has been normal. Another infant on IL also developed hemolytic anemia and stomatocytosis, but expired from complications of prematurity. Ten additional high risk infants on TPN with standard amounts of IL were studied. All developed stomatocytosis. In 9 cases 25% to 50% of RBC's were affected. Stomatocytosis, absent before IL administration, appeared by day 4-7 of IL, peaked at day 5-18, and disappeared 7-10 days after discontinuing IL. One of these infants developed severe hemolytic anemia. Routine transfusions obscured signs of hemolysis in the others. Three infants receiving TPN without IL showed no stomatocytosis; 2 of these developed stomatocytosis when switched to IL.Stomatocytosis is associated with severe abnormalities of RBC membrane composition and function and, occasionally, hemolysis. Also, fetal RBC membranes are different from those of adults. Our findings suggest: (1) IL or its metabolic byproducts interact with newborn RBC's to induce a structural or functional membrane change and may increase susceptibility to hemolysis: (2) Infants on IL should be monitored for signs of hemolysis; (3) An experimental model for the study of membrane physiology is suggested.


Glasser, Stephan W., Michael S. Burhans, Susan K. Eszterhas, Michael D. Bruno, and Thomas R. Korfhagen. Human SP-C gene sequences that confer lung epithelium-specific expression in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278: L933–L945, 2000.—We used transgenic mice to identify cis-active regions of the human pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene that impart tissueand cell-specific expression in vivo in the lung. Approximately 3.7 kb of genomic SP-C DNAupstream of the transcription start site was sufficient to direct chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene expression specifically in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells of the lung. To further define cis-active regulatory elements that mediate cell-specific expression, we tested deletions of the parental 3.7-kb human SP-C sequence in transgenic mice. Tissue CAT assays of mice generated with truncations or overlapping internal deletions of the 3.7-kb construct functionally map alveolar cell-specific regulatory elements to within 2215 bp of the SP-C promoter. Analysis of SP-C promoter deletions demonstrate that sequences between 23.7 kb and 21.9 kb contain enhancer sequences that stimulate SP-C transgene expression. In situ hybridization studies demonstrate that deletion of the 21,910to 2215-bp region abolishes the ectopic bronchiolar expression seen with the original 3.7-kb SP-C promoter construct. Comparison of sequences from 2215 to 11 bp identified consensus binding sites for the homeodomain transcription factor thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Cotransfection assays of the human 3.7-kb SP-C or 21,910to 2215-bp SP-C deletion construct with a TTF-1 expression plasmid demonstrates that TTF-1 transactivates the human SP-C gene. These results suggest that the TTF-1 cis-active sites are important in directing cell-specific expression of the SP-C gene in vivo.


Based on practical engineering cases,the author elaborated some issues on project cost control measures and cost management of project target which could have good effects on enhancing the management level and lowering project cost.


© 2015, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved. Increased economic growth, urbanisation and substantial rise in automobile vehicles has contributed towards the elevated levels of air pollution in major cities in Pakistan. Aone week study was conducted by using passive samplers to assess NO2 concentration in occupational built environments at two most congested and populated sites of Lahore. Both sites were locatedon the busy roads of Lahore. At Site-I the highest concentration was in outdoors followed by corridor and indoor. While at Site II all the sampling location wereindoors and level were comparable to that of outdoor levelsat Site I. The results suggest the likely contribution of ambient sources in exposure to indoor NO2 in educational and other occupational built environments in urban centres.


. This note studies the asymptotic behaviour of linear and nonlin ear stochastic difference equations whose structure is motivated by a financial market model. The asymptotic results show that the models can produce behaviour consistent with random walk efficient markets as well as bubbles or crashes.


The late Professor Adams in the introduction to his edition of John Mason's The Turke writes that Mason seems to have had no source for the play and that " The plot of the play, indeed, is slender enough to have been invented by Mason, with the help of a few conventional ideas." 1 As far as I know, no one has contradicted Adams' rather summary dismissal of Mason's sources. The plot of The Turke (1606-8) is not, however, entirely the invention of Mason; there is considerable evidence that it was strongly influenced by, if not deliberately modeled upon, an earlier tragedy of blood, the anonymous Lust's Dominion (c. 1600). This evidence consists not of the usual verbal parallels, but of similarities in the conception and handling of character, situation, and plot devices which go far beyond the obvious resemblances arising from two tragedies' being part of a contemporary " villain play " tradition. The purpose of this article is to examine the most important of these extra-traditional parallels. The most obvious similarity between Lust's Dominion and The Turke is that in both plays the action centers around the attempts of a dark-skinned Mohammedan villain to seat himself upon the throne of a Christian state.2 The importance of this is minimized, however, by the contemporary popularity of the Mohammedan as a stage character,' and the similarity can only be considered, along with the two villains' cruelty, ranting speech and Machiavellian sentiment, as another characteristic of the villain of tradition, Much more impressive is the very strong resemblance between the villains' relationships to other members of the Christian courts in which they live, for both Eleazar, the black Moor of Lust's Dominion, and Mulleasses, the swarthy infidel of The Turke, are in the midst of adulterous


Through comparative analysis of foreign and domestic bamboo resources and utilization and in combination with the present situation of banboo resources in the South Sichuan Bamboo Sea(i.e.Bamboo Sea),this paper proposes that emphasis should be put on the development of bamboo plywood and medicinal bamboo liquid(Bomboo Juice) extraction production so as to enhance comprehensive use of the entire bamboo resources and to reduce resource waste and pollution.


LIM domain proteins are involved in diverse biological processes, such as, development and differentiation, by assisting in proteinprotein interaction. Beadex, the LIM only protein in Drosophila, is coded by dLMO gene. Beadex has two tandemly repeated LIM domains. Beadex is normally expressed in the wing pouch of the third instar wing imaginal disc during patterning. Initial studies with Bx gain of function mutants showed that overexpressed Beadex can bind to Chip and thereby interfere with formation of a functional complex between Apterous and Chip during wing development. Beadex localizes in nucleus in early stages of muscle development. Present study is to understand the role of Beadex in muscle function. We show that Beadex is necessary for survival and proper functioning of the Indirect Flight Muscle in Drosophila.


We considered an MSEIR epidemic model as proposed by Hethcote (2000). Homotopy analysis method is used to solve the problem because of its advantages over methods.


In Disabled Education: A Critical Analysis of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, author Ruth Colker presents a critical look at the special education system in the United States through an examination of the primary federal special education law: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA) . Ruth Colker approaches her book in her role as a mother of a son with a disability, an advocate for the rights of children with disabilities, and a professor of law at The Ohio State University. In the introduction to the book, Colker recounts the story of her legal efforts to obtain appropriate special education services for her son. Although she prevailed, she found the special education dispute resolution system stressful and difficult. This experience led her to begin her investigation of the I D E A . This book is the result of her investigation. According to Colker, the purpose of her book is to "help the reader understand why the special education system is not so 'special' for many children" (p. 2). The author concludes her introduction by asserting that in the book she would seek to explain "how the special education system does not work particularly well for any children but works particularly badly for poor and minority children" (p. 9). As a good lawyer would, Colker assembles the evidence that supports her case, and makes a compelling argument regarding problem areas in the special education system and the I D E A . However, as a good lawyer is also wont to do, she presents only the evidence that supports her case. This approach to the task of critically analyzing the I D E A is both a strength and weakness of Colker's book. The true strength of the book is in Colker's description of the very real and vexatious problems in the special education system. The weakness of the book is that she fails to present a balanced account of special education and the I D E A and the many positive and extraordinary accomplishments of the law. In our roles as educators and advocates for students with disabilities, we have witnessed instances in which the special education system has not worked well for a particular child; however, we have also seen many times in which the collaboration between a child's parents and school-based professionals to develop a child's special education programming has produced meaningful results. Neither the I D E A nor the special education system is perfect; and we agree with Colker that the system needs to work effectively for all students. Nonetheless, it is a


We present a sample of 45 Damped Lyman-α system (DLA; NHI ≥ 2× 1020cm−2) counterparts (33 detections, 12 upper limits) which host gamma-ray bursts (GRB-DLAs) in order to investigate starformation and metallicity within galaxies hosting DLAs. Our sample spans z ∼ 2 − 6 and is nearly three times larger than any previously detected DLA counterparts survey based on quasar line-ofsight searches (QSO-DLAs). We report star formation rates (SFRs) from rest-frame UV photometry and SED modeling. We find that DLA counterpart SFRs are not correlated with either redshift or HI column density. Thanks to the combination of HST and ground-based observations, we also investigate DLA host star-formation efficiency. Our GRB-DLA counterpart sample spans both higher efficiency and low efficiency star formation regions compared to the local Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, local star formation laws, and z ∼ 3 cosmological simulations. We also compare the depletion times of our DLA hosts sample to other objects in the local Universe; our sample appears to deviate from the star formation efficiencies measured in local spiral and dwarf galaxies. Furthermore, we find similar efficiencies as local inner disks, SMC, and LBG outskirts. Finally, our enrichment time measurements show a spread of systems with underand over-abundance of metals which may suggest that these systems had episodic star formation and a metal enrichment/depletion as a result of strong stellar feedback and/or metal inflow/outflow. Subject headings: galaxies: high-redshift, ISM: atoms, galaxies: ISM, gamma-ray burst: general, galaxies: star formation


Particle systems have been used in computer graphics for many different purposes, including visual simulation of fur, grass, hair, and similar fuzzy textures and shapes. The underlying theories used in these algorithms are usually quite complex and are mostly based on simulation of diffuse-limited aggregation, cellular development, reaction-diffusion models, etc. This leads to high time complexity of these algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to show that collision detection and distance keeping among moving particles can generate similar realistic textures efficiently. This approach is easy to implement, sufficiently fast allowing for interactive modeling, and inherits the major features from the previously published techniques. We first construct a scene consisting of generators of particles, attractors, and cutters. The generators generate oriented particles, and the attractors attract or repulse them. When collision with the cutter is detected, the particle performs an action according to its state and position in the 3D space. Every particle has assigned a table of possible actions that is used for solving these critical states. Trajectories of the particles are then used as a resulting shape of the texture. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The change process of the movement of obscure poems proved the close relationship between poems and life. The specified humane environment made the creation of obscure poems confirm the human life experience in common. Obscure - poem is not only a poetic school but also a real trend of thought in literature. Literature and life have the same construction and the fundamental state of all writings should be from the life and respect the life.


According to serious caking characteristic of compound fertilizer,the caking mechanism of compound fertilizer is analyzed in the paper,and its influencing factors including formula of compound fertilizer,grain moisture content,particle shape and size,temperature and impurity content are also expounded.A series of countermeasures are put forward from the aspects of reducing chemical reaction,reducing water content,reducing package temperature,improving product storage conditions,increasing particle size and adding anti-caking agent,which provide reference for effective resolution of caking of compound fertilizer.


The present study assesses the effects of cross‐term interactions between diffusion and imaging gradients in magnetic resonance imaging q‐space analysis, and corrects for those effects for both spin echo and stimulated echo diffusion‐weighted sequences. These corrections are demonstrated experimentally in unrestricted media for water and theoretically by simulating the case of restricted diffusion in a sphere. By correcting for the cross‐term interactions, large imaging gradients can be used without compromising the results. Ignoring cross‐term interactions could lead to a misunderstanding of the q‐space analysis; for instance, the microstructural size of the sample could be overestimated, or isotropic media could be misinterpreted as being anisotropic. Magn Reson Med 51:1048–1054, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract In recent years, meat production and consumption has become a topic of intense debate for environmental, animal welfare and health reasons. Research on more sustainable alternatives to meat production has increased. Our goal is to gain insight into the purchase of meat from transhumance livestock and to explore the main factors driving this process. This type of meat is more respectful towards the environment and animal welfare, provides financial stability for many rural families and helps preserve an activity that is part of the cultural heritage in rural areas. From a methodological point of view, we have adopted the theoretical alphabet theory model proposed by Zepeda and Deal in 2009 to explain sustainable purchase behavior. For this purpose, we created two different models, one for lamb meat and one for beef meat. The data come from an online survey of Spanish meat consumers. We applied a structural equation modeling technique to test the suggested model and hypothesis. The results allow us to conclude that the alphabet theory is a suitable theory for our data. The level of knowledge on transhumance and contextual factors, such as the content of fat or the type of meat, impact the creation of attitudes towards this type of livestock farming, but demographic variables do not. In both models, buying meat with a designation of origin and buying meat at specialty retailers are habits that positively influence purchase intention. Our results are highly relevant to help meat of transhumant origin reach the markets and to differentiate it from other products.


Preface ix Chapter 1 Understanding Adolescent Health 1 John Coleman, Leo B. Hendry and Marion Kloep Chapter 2 Young People: Physical Health, Exercise and Recreation 19 Ruth Lowry, John Kremer and Karen Trew Chapter 3 Emotional Health and Well-Being 41 John Coleman Chapter 4 Eating Disorders, Dieting and Body Image 61 Susan Faulkner Chapter 5 Sexual Health 83 Lester Coleman Chapter 6 Substance Use in Adolescence 107 Rutger C.M.E. Engels and Regina van den Eijnden Chapter 7 Getting It Right in Health Services for Young People 123 Aidan Macfarlane and Ann McPherson Chapter 8 Being Different: Adolescents, Chronic Illness and Disability 143 Peter J. Helms Chapter 9 Transitions for Young People with Complex Health Needs 159 Janet McDonagh Chapter 10 Health Promotion and Health Education 177 Donna Mackinnon Chapter 11 Conclusion 199 John Coleman, Leo B. Hendry and Marion Kloep Glossary 209 References 215 Index 231


Objective To review the curative effect and safety of Lifei Pian in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis complicating diabetes.Methods The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicating diabetes(n= 84) were divided into treatment group(n=46) treated with combined antituberculotic chamotherapy and Lifei Pian and control group(n=38) treated with only combined antituberculotic chemotherapy.The curative effect,damages of liver and kidney and level of glucose hemoglobin A1(GHbA1) were compared between two groups one month and 3 months after treatment respectively.Results After one month,the total remission rate of fatigue,cough,expectoration and hemoptysis was higher in treatment group than that in control group(P0.05).The total remission rate of fever was not significantly different between two groups(P0.05).After 3 months,the significant absorption rate was higher in treatment group than that in control group(P0.05).The sputum negative conversion rate,cavitary closure rate or diminution rate and total remission rate of symptoms were not different significantly between two groups(P0.05),but the effective rate was higher in treatment group than that in control group(P 0.05).The changes of GHbA1 level and liver and kidney functions had no statistical differences before and after the treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Lifei Pian can improve the remission of symptoms like fatigue,cough,expectoration and hemoptysis,and focus absorption in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicating diabetes.Its effective rate and safety are higher than those of combined antituberculotic chemotherapy


Abstract Electron beam welding of TC4 titanium alloy and 4J29 Kovar alloy was performed by using different thicknesses of silver interlayers. The microstructure and the composition of welded joints were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dipersive spectrometry. The mechanical properties of welded joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. The results indicated that Ag thickness has great effects on the weld appearance, microstructure, and mechanical properties of electron beam-welded joints. In case of 0.3 and 0.4 mm thickness of Ag interlayers, a considerable part of 4J29 and TC4 melts and a large amount of Fe, Ti, and Ni elements diffuse into the molten pool forming intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as TiFe2, NiTi, and FeTi. In case of 0.6 mm thickness of Ag interlayer, the welded joint exhibits brazing characteristics with little IMCs near the fusion line of 4J29 Kovar alloy side. When the thickness of the Ag interlayer increases to 0.8 mm, the diffusion of Ti and Fe elements is completely inhibited by Ag. As the thickness of the Ag interlayer increases from 0.3 to 0.8 mm, the tensile strength of the welded sample shows a phenomenon that first rises and then falls, and the largest tensile strength is 243 MPa.


The objectives of this study were: to determine whether pictorial story media in Indonesian subjects could improve the reading skills of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Pante Ceuremen. This research approach uses qualitative. Type pThis research is Classroom Action Research (PTK).  When this research was conducted in August 2018. The subjects in this study areIV SDPante Ceuremen's country districts Pante Ceuremen West Aceh District as much 23 people consisting of 14 men and 9 women. Data collection techniques: tests, observation and documentation. The research instruments were test sheets, observation sheets and documentation sheets. Data analysis techniques aredataincreasing students' reading skills and statistical data for hypothesis testing. From the results of the study it was found that students' reading skills could be improved through pictorial story media in grade IV SD Negeri Pante Ceuremen in the 2018/2019 academic year. Based on the test in the initial conditions, it was found that 20 students scored less than 65. Only 3 students scored above 65. The average score for class 50 with a classification level of completeness was 13%. Based on the results of the Indonesian test on the beauty and cleanliness of the school environment, the reading ability in the first cycle, it was known that the class average was 1480, there were 13 students who had not completed because they got a score of 60 and there were 10 students who got a score of 70. Classical completeness was 43%. Based on the results of the second cycle test shows that the average value of the Indonesian language on the beauty and cleanliness of the school environment increases reading skills by 73.47. Classical completeness is 9.3%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the classical has been completed in cycle II


Core samples of the Quaternary sediments to the depth of 120 m were collected at a site in the north coast of Ariake Bay, Kyushu. Particle-size distribution and clay mineralogical composition in the clay fraction were determined for total 106 samples taken at about 1 m interval and correlated with depositional environment and weathering in the terrestrial condition. Depositional environment was assessed by the determination of total sulfur; the ratio of the acid-oxalate-soluble to the DCB-soluble Fe contents was used for the estimation of weathering intensity. Repetition of marine and fluvial deposition was recognized. Marine sediments were dominated with clay and silt. Fluvial sediments had the high contents of fine and coarse sands, and domination with fine sand was ascribed to the deposition in the floodplain while domination with coarse sand to the deposition in the alluvial fan. Concerning the clay mineralogical composition, fluvial sediments were dominated with mica, vermiculite, kaolin minerals, and 2:1 minerals-chlorite intergrades, derived from granitic rocks in the surrounding mountains. Composition of these minerals varied with the particle-size distribution of the sediments. Marine sediments were dominated with smectite in addition to the minerals originating from granitic rocks. Smectite content generally increased with transgression and decreased with regression, and the formation of smectite was suggested to be due to the chemical alteration of pyroclastic materials. In addition, transformation of mica to smectite was observed in the intensive weathering condition.


Premature infants requiring oxygen therapy often develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) which is characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular growth. Since retinoic acid (RA) alters expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, we applied RA (500 μg/kg) to neonatal mice held under hyperoxic conditions (HYX, 85% O2) for 21 days. Pulmonary gene expression was determined using quantitative RT‐PCR in comparison to non‐treated mice under HYX and normoxic (NOX, 21% O2) conditions. In RA‐treated animals, RAR mRNA expression was found to be increased compared to non‐treated HYX mice. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) were significantly down‐regulated in HYX and recovered in RA‐treated animals to levels found under NOX conditions. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH‐2) as a promoter of eNOS activity were also increased in RA‐treated mice compared to HYX controls. In conclusion, RA treatment affected pulmonary gene expression towards a recovery of factors being involved in alveolar and vascular cell growth and differentiation and may thus in part compensate for the arrest of lung development during chronic hyperoxia.


We have recently shown that the statistical properties of goal directed reaching in human subjects depends on recent experience in a way that is consistent with the presence of adaptive Bayesian priors (Verstynen and Sabes, 2011). We also showed that when Hebbian (associative) learning is added to a simple line-attractor network model, the network provides both a good account of the experimental data and a good approximation to a normative Bayesian estimator. This latter conclusion was based entirely on empirical simulations of the network model. Here we study the effects of Hebbian learning on the line-attractor model using a combination of analytic and computational approaches. Specifically, we find an approximate solution to the network steady-state. We show numerically that the solution approximates Bayesian estimation. We next show that the solution contains two opposing terms: one that depends on the distribution of recent network activity and one that depends on the current network inputs. These results provide additional intuition for why Hebbian learning mimics adaptive Bayesian estimation in this context.


Statements from NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and Dr. Dava Newman on Monday's Senate confirmation of Newman as the new NASA Deputy Administrator.


We use a combination of deep, high angular resolution imaging data from the CDFS (HST/ACS GOODS survey) and ground-based near-IR Ks images to derive the evolution of the galaxy major merger rate in the redshift range 0.2 ⩽ z⩽ 1.2. We select galaxies solely on the basis of their J-band rest-frame absolute magnitude, which is a good tracer of the stellar mass. We find steep evolution with redshift, with the merger rate ∝(1 + z)3.43 ± 0.49 for optically selected pairs and ∝(1 + z)2.18 ± 0.18 for pairs selected in the near-IR. Our result is unlikely to be affected by luminosity evolution that is relatively modest when using rest-frame J-band selection. The apparently more rapid evolution that we find in the visible is likely caused by biases relating to incompleteness and spatial resolution affecting the ground-based near-IR photometry, underestimating pair counts at higher redshifts in the near-IR. The major merger rate was ~5.6 times higher at z ∼ 1.2 than at the current epoch. Overall, 41% × (0.5 Gyr/τ) of all galaxies with MJ ⩽ − 19.5 have undergone a major merger in the last ~8 Gyr, where τ is the merger timescale. Interestingly, we find no effect on the derived major merger rate due to the presence of the large-scale structure at z = 0.735 in the CDFS.


The expert system for credit card assessment based on neural network was designed.By neural network,the system assessed and guarded against credit fraud turned the data from a bank and got the satisfied result.Via Internet,the employee of bank can get the assessment advice independently to reduce the risk of subjective judgments.


Based on the experimental results of river model and measured data of related bridges,variations of discharge and sediment movement in the bridge reach after bridge building are analyzed,and influences on bottomland are discussed.Results show that after the bridge building,the water level,velocity,flow direction and unit discharge in the reach near the bridge have changed,i.e.the closer to the bridge,the bigger the influence,and that different bridge types have different effects on the bottomland.For the bridge with a big main span and dense piers in side spans,which is usually adopted at present,it is easy to form new side bottomland or cause the existing side bottomland to become bigger and higher.


ObjectiveTo investigate the effective method of preventing blood return when using nitroglycerin for patients with heart failure. Methods Using physiological saline solution or 5% glucose with nitroglycerin pumped into the same vein for patients at the same time, and then observed the condition of blood returning, recorded the critical drop-speed which can effective prevented blood return. Observed the influence of added solution on heart function of patients with heart failure. Results Pumped physiological saline solution or 5% glucose with nitroglycerin in the same time with the speed of 5ml/h can effective prevent the blood return, and the added solution can not influence the heart function for patients with heart failure significantly. Conclusion Pumped physiological saline solution or 5% glucose with nitroglycerin into the same vein at the same time can effective preventing the blood return, and the added solution can not influence the heart function for patients with heart failure significantly.


participants and procedure This study included 923 chronically ill people with the following diseases: eczema (E), bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Hashimoto's disease (HD), diabetes type II (D), acne (A), glaucoma and cataract (G, C), HIV/ AIDS, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), psoriasis (P), breast and stomach cancer (C), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Test– retest reliability was assessed in 358 patients with selected chronic illnesses. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating Kurtzke's EDSS and the Brief IPQ in 140 MS patients. Discriminant validity was verified by comparing means for the tool among four groups of patients.


Twisted disease caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the primary diseases on shallots with potency to cause enormous losses by causing stunting and bulb rot. One alternative disease control is the induction of plant resistance since the seed stage. The aim of this study was to determine the content of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and phenolic compounds of shallot bulb seeds coated with biological control agents as a resistance response to twisted disease. The shallot cultivar used was Crok kuning. The treatments used in this study were the type of biological control agents, including Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum, combined with and seed coating application time (one month before planting and simultaneously at planting). Biological control agents in the form of powder formulation applied as seed coating material and seeds were stored for one month before planting. The results showed that application of biological agents delayed the occurrence of the twisted disease symptoms. The salicylic acid content from plant treated with R. intraradices at the time of planting was slightly higher than the control. The jasmonic acid content in T. asperellum plants treated at planting was higher than then control. Total phenolic content from plants treated with T. asperellum at planting time was higher than the control. In general, application of biological control agent as seed coat did not result in significant increase in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid nor the phenolic compounds, compared to the pathogen infected control.


The ever increasing hardware speeds has led systems and application designers to push software to its limits and create applications with microsecond response times. Moreover, such interactive applications, e.g. websearch, run at massive scales, with large fan-in and fan-out patterns, where the importance of tail-latency becomes crucial to guarantee Service Level Agreements (SLAs). So being able to measure latency accurately is vital to debug those system, identify their behaviour and specify proper SLAs. Accurate latency measurement proves to be very challenging. Unlike throughput, latency is a very sensitive metric that is a ected by multiple factors, both within the application and the operating system [2], but also the measuring client itself. Consequently, we are faced with two major challenges related to latency measurement. We need tools that are able to measure latency in such a low microsecond scale, while independently of the tools, we need an accurate an sound methodology that is able to produce unbiased and realistic results that are collected under settings that highly resemble a production environment. In this work we first collect and analyze some common methodology pitfalls that have been overlooked by previous approaches [9] and then compare existing tools and identify missing features, related to the experiment methodology, that can either lead to more statistically sound results or reduce necessary resources (time and compute) for latency experiments.


The patient with hostility, whether directed toward the doctor, the spouse, the family or society in general, appears in the physician's office almost daily. An understanding of this reaction will go a long way toward satisfactory management of the patient's difficulties.


Regarding to a high-temperature CO2 added with CF3I, the present paper reports equilibrium compositions as one of fundamental properties. Firstly, 61 particles were taken into account and the equilibrium compositions were derived in a temperature range from 300 to 30,000 K. Secondly, the particles present after an arc interruption in the CO2-CF3I mixture are obtained as a function of CF3I concentration. Thirdly, the electron density of the CO2-CF3I mixture at high temperatures is discussed in comparison with that of pure CO2.


Success of a software product is highly dependent on customer orientation and on time delivery as per market demand. It is one of the critical factors especially in cases of legacy products where the domain knowledge, infrastructure and the knowhow of the resources is crucial. Software industry spends maximum cost into maintenance after a successful product delivery. The objective is then oriented towards solving the bugs and issues and moving towards a defect free product Sometimes bug fixing gets quite time consuming. To deliver quick solutions it is important to identify the causes responsible for longer Turnaround Time (TAT) for customer defects and finding measures to resolve them. Quick solutions can be delivered by efficiently implementing the agile and lean methodologies in addition with the virtualization techniques. This paper will present the best practices like defining priorities, reducing inter-dependencies, efficient utilization of resources, building expertise with knowledge sharing and creating generalized infrastructure templates in the work environments, all of these contribute towards optimizing the TAT. A team with strong domain expertise will boost the customer confidence and improve business prospective. Keywords— virtualization; agile; lean; turnaround time; software maintenance;


The Iwate Prefectural Police HQ has been seeking to secure safe and smooth traffic by improving and amplifying the signal control and traffic information provision functions of its traffic control (TC) system. To further advance its traffic control functions while making efforts to implement the concept of Universal Traffic Management Systems (UTMS) established by the National Police Agency, the police HQ decided to introduce an advanced mobile information system (AMIS), one of the subsystems in the UTMS concept, into Morioka City a capital city of the prefecture. This paper describes its short-term plan of introducing the AMIS and its subsequent plans for other two UTMS subsystems.


Ultraviolet spectrophotometry met hods were used for the defermination of caffeine in a number of cola drinks, tea and chocolate samples. The average recovary and relative deviation were 99.28% ~100.6%, 0.14%~1.03%, respectively. The satisfactory results were obtained.


Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of immediate dentin sealing with dentin bonding agent on preventing post-cementation hypersensitivity in vital abutment teeth restored with a full-coverage restoration. Method:A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study who received three unit fixed dental prosthesis on vital abutments in mandibular posterior region, 25 each in the age ranges of 21-30 and 31-40 years. Sixth generation bonding agent was applied after tooth preparation and before impression making. Final prosthesis was luted using GlassIonomer luting cement. The sensitivity assessment was done after 1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the reduction of sensitivity with the use of a dentin bonding agent at 1 week and 1 month but not at 6 months. There was no significant difference between the age groups. Conclusion: Preventive treatment with immediate dentin sealing using a dentin bonding agent significantly reduces immediate post-cementation hypersensitivity.


The reform and open policy caused China's social life to have the fierce change,university student's love and marriage view has also had the huge fluctuation along with it.Influenced by the west sexual attitude and life style,Contemporary university students no longer looks such "implicit"just as before,but liberites the idea and the motion becomes"natural"when facing marriage,love and family problems.The reasons are that both subjective and objective.We need carry out moral education,especially the sex education which is very important.We should educate the male student to strengthen the social responsibilities,the female students to be self-esteem,self-respect and more strong.


In web transport systems, the main concern is to control independently speed and tension in spite of perturbations, such as radius variations and changes of set points. In this paper we present multivariable Hinfin controllers, applied to winding systems and determined by a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) approach. The design relies on full state feedback, with or without addition of integrators. The use of partial integral action for error-free reference tracking and disturbance rejection is established theoretically and discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given based on a nonlinear model identified on a 3-motor winding test bench as well as on its 9-motor expansion


The efficacy of 28 stem features at re-creating the classification of 13 established sections of Vaccinium was tested using taximetric analysis and was found to be wanting. However, adding three reproductive features to the matrix was sufficient to recover all of these sections. Stem characters will, therefore, recover specific groups previously circumscribed by a suite of both reproductive and vegetative features.


Training practice standards selecting trainees starting training satisfactory completion of vocational training the trainee and the practice the practice library teaching methods a logical approach to assessment computers and training taking the MRCGP and other examinations the first month the consultation teaching clinical skills practice organization practice finance the trainee project a guide to tutorials the relationship between the vocational training scheme and the trainers making your trainers' workshop work training problems preparation for lifetime education.


Italian ryegrass was ensiled in gas-tight silos in unwilted (21% dry matter) and wilted (42% dry matter) conditions without an additive and with the addition of molasses at a mean level of 8% in the dry matter. The total dry matter losses were 8·7, 7·2, 4·5 and 5·0% for unwilted, molassed unwilted, wilted, and molassed wilted grass silages respectively. The silages were all well preserved but the extent of fermentation had been reduced in the wilted silages. The losses of individual sugars during the silage process and the products of fermentation were used to assess the pathways of fermentation. The dominant pathway of fructose utilisation was by heterolactic fermentation. The addition of molasses reduced the ratio of fructose: glucose in the ensiled material and reduced the amount of mannitol produced during the ensilage process.


This article investigates the stabilization of chained‐form nonholonomic systems with strong drifts, multidisturbances, and unknown constant parameters. The disturbances include the matched disturbance with bounded variation and the unknown time‐varying unmatched disturbance. A nonlinear disturbance observer is skillfully constructed to evaluate the matched disturbance and a disturbance estimation is used in the virtual controls to compensate the unmatched disturbance. By using a new input‐to‐state scaling scheme, the original nonholonomic system is transformed into a strict feedback form. Combining back‐stepping technique with disturbance observer‐based control (DOBC), a composite DOBC and global adaptive stabilization controller is proposed. A switching strategy based on control input magnitude instead of time is proposed to avoid uncontrollability. By using Lyapunov tools, all the states in the system are proved to be uniformly ultimate bounded. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.


ABSTRACT - Acerola ( Malpighia glabra L .) is one of the main natural sources of vitamin C and is an excellent source of carotenoids. Due to thevitamin potential of carotenoids, and their possible association with the carcinogenesis process, there is an increasing concern of the scientificcommunity about their chemistry and stability in food. The objective of this research was to study the effect of commercial freezing and storageprocedures on the carotenoid contents (in respect to the vitamin A potential) of acerola pulp. The acerola pulp was processed in a small industry inFortaleza, CE. The carotenoid contents were determined on freshly processed pulp (control), on recently frozen pulp and over time on stored frozenpulp. The β-carotene content of the frozen pulp has decreased 20% after four months of storage, when compared to the control content (7.09 µg/g),but no significant differences existed in the subsequent months. The β-criptoxantin content (1.7 µg/g) decreased 37% in the first month of storage,remaining practically constant until eleventh month, when it totalized a 62% drop. The content of α-carotene in pulp was small. About the vitamin Apotential, the control pulp showed 1338 UI/100g, corresponding to, approximately, 25% of the daily recommendation for this vitamin. After freezing,vitamin A potential was maintained until the third month of storage, when a significant drop of 20% was observed. No significant alterations weredetected in the subsequent months until the end of the evaluation period.


A simple and rapid determination method of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in wine was developed. MITC in wine was extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract was subjected to NPD-GC and GC/MS. The determination limits were 0.02ppm with NPD-GC, 0.22ppm with FPD-GC (S-mode) and 0.05ppm with GC/MS. Recoveries from wine spiked with 0.044 and 0.088ppm of MITC were 89.4% and 83.5%, respectively, from white wine and 81.6% and 75.1%, respectively, from red wine.MITC in wine imported from Italy was detected in the range of 0.087 to 0.349ppm in three brands out of 30 examined.


CD95 plays a critical role in the homeostasis of the immune system, and has been reported to participate in T cell death during HIV infection. Here we report that the response to CD3‐TCR stimulation of CD4+ T cells from HIV‐infected individuals and CD4+ T cells from healthy donors incubated in vitro with HIV‐1Lai depends on the manner the CD3‐TCR complex is engaged. While stimulation by anti‐CD3 antibodies in solution induced CD4 T cell apoptosis both in the absence or presence of anti‐CD95 antibodies, stimulation by immobilized anti‐CD3 antibodies rendered CD4+ T cells resistant to CD95‐mediated death and led to increased CD4 T cell proliferation in response to CD95 ligation. CD95 ligation of CD4+ T cells led to the activation of caspases, while costimulation induced by anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD95 mAb prevented the full processing of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8. Proliferation of CD4+ T cells induced by CD3‐TCR and CD95 costimulation was decreased by treatments with a caspase‐1 inhibitor or with neutralizing antibodies to IL‐1ß, indicating a requirement for caspase‐1‐mediated IL‐1β processing and secretion. Ourfindings suggest a novel mechanism whereby in addition to its role in inducing T cell apoptosis, CD95 signaling during HIV infection may also provide a costimulatory signal leading to an enhancement of CD4 T cell proliferation in response to CD3‐TCR complex engagement.


Various contaminants had already been reported polluting the groundwater resources of Uttar Pradesh. Consumption of unfit drinking water may lead to various health hazards. These hazards may be due to presence of pollutants like fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, salinity, TDS, heavy metals, etc. This paper highlights the various types of contaminates in groundwater of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. It also highlights the mechanism of groundwater contaminations which could be due to natural and/or anthropogenic activities. Various remedial measures are also discussed that could be used to provide safe drinking water. It was realized that there are few drawbacks in the old established technologies for these remedial measures, like the operating and purchasing of few techniques are expensive and need electricity, few techniques have disposal problem of adsorbent, few of them need skilled persons for operation and maintenance, etc. Thus, there is an alarming need to develop a new kind of filter for consumption of safe drinking water specially for the rural population living in the area. The paper also highlights the various types of bio-adsorbent materials that could be for making a cost-effective filters that would be easy to operate and maintained by rural people.


This review explores the intersection of tribology and dermatology, explicitly focusing on studying the human skin and drawing inspiration from natural systems. It investigates animal adaptations and their implications for biotribological applications, with examples such as the friction anisotropy and wear tolerance of snakeskin, the healing properties of fish skin and the lotus effect for reducing adhesion in biomedical devices. Understanding human skin presents challenges due to its complex structure and variability influenced by age, gender, race and environment. The paper discusses in vivo and ex vivo measurements, substitute models replicating human skin properties and contact mechanics considerations. It explores contact models, measurement methods and factors impacting skin friction, emphasising the interplay between adhesion and deformation components. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy and the colloidal probe technique provide insights into mechanical properties and molecular interactions. By comprehending the complexities of human skin and its tribological behaviour, researchers can develop innovative solutions in areas ranging from soft robotics to medical research and aerospace technology.


In order to meet the transportation demands of Beijing Olympic Games,a concept of auxiliary power electric vehicle was put forward on the basis of hybrid electric vehicle.The protective circuit and driving motor′s control system were studied by using intel 80C196KC singleship as the main control unit and IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor) as the power device.The results indicated that the drive efficiency of vehicle loading power was increased and the driving course was prolonged significantly through adding auxiliary power unit.


A major functional role of the nasal cavity is air conditioning of the inspired environmental air to nearly alveolar conditions in order to protect the moist and warm alveolar lining where gas exchange takes place. It is well known that the morphological disparities among nasal passages can change airflow patterns to a great extent. However, this morphological variation effect on air conditioning performance remains unclear. This research aims to investigate the nasal air conditioning performance among nasal models with distinct vestibule phenotypes across subjects with normal healthy nasal anatomy and with symptoms of nasal disease. Numerical simulations considering humidified air with room temperature condition was conducted. Airflow pattern, heat and mass transfer between the inhaled airflow and the nasal mucosa were analysed and compared among selected nasal models. Results showed that the nasal air conditioning performance is closely related to nasal structures, and its morphological variations, especially in the nasal vestibule region, can induce up to 25% relative humidity, 3 °C temperature changes in anterior nasal region.


Leaf lobation patterns of mulberry (Morus L.) shrubs and trees were studied in 1984 and 1985 at Bowling Green, Kentucky. The number of divisions (sinuses) were counted to a maximum of five per leaf. For adult trees, entire leaves were most frequent; single division leaves were second most frequent. For shrubs, entire leaves and leaves with four or five divisions occurred at approximately equal frequencies and at greater frequencies than the other classes. Leaf lobation distributions were significantly influenced by trees, years, and tree x year interactions. Linear correlation coefficients (r) between leaf position (numbered from tip of branch toward base) and number of lobes were positive and highly significant. Thus, leaf pattern became simpler with advanced stages of maturity.


Most pipelines in Class 1 areas are currently designed to a utilization factor of 0.72 using steel grades of up to X70. Using higher strength steels and/or a higher design factor can reduce the wall thickness and construction cost of such pipelines. High strength steels tend to have high yield-to-tensile ratios and lower overall post-yield tangent stiffness. This raises concerns about the potential for excessive plastic deformations under high hydrostatic test pressures. Combined with a high design factor, high steel grades will also lead to thinner pipe walls and reduced tolerance to thickness-dependent failure mechanisms such as corrosion, cracks, and dent-gouges. This effort evaluates the ability of a newer pipelines to safely operate at higher yield stresses.


Richard Jensen, professor of history at the University of Illinois, Chicago, spent a decade as head of the Newberry Library's Family and Community History Center in Chicago. Jensen and the Center made an enormous impact on teaching and research in state, local, and community history in the United States from this program based in one of America's great research libraries. Trained at Yale, Jensen has been responsible, through the Newberry summer programs, for training hundreds of American scholars in quantitative history. The Public Historian interviewed Jensen at the conclusion of his successful tenure as head of the Newberry programs.


AIM
For orthodontic aligner treatment, excellent full-arch impressions with correctly displayed interdental areas (IAs) are required. To analyze the ability of impression taking of the IAs in periodontally compromised dentitions, two intraoral scanning systems and one conventional impression technique were investigated in vitro under standardized testing conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 60 impressions of the maxilla and mandible were taken from a periodontally compromised test model (A-PB) with three different techniques (n = 20): One conventional impression (EXA'lence) (CVI) and two digital impressions with the intraoral scanners Trios III (3Shape) (TIO) and True Definition (3M ESPE) (TRU). Standard tessellation language (STL) datasets were generated for TIO and TRU, whereas type IV dental stone casts were manufactured for CVI. The casts were then digitized with a laboratory scanner (ATOS). The percentage of displayed IAs in relation to the complete IA was calculated for each IA using evaluation software (GOM Inspect). Finally, the data were subjected to the median test.

RESULT
TRU showed a significantly higher percentage of displayed IAs compared with the other two methods (P < 0.05). Only a few IAs were shown in CVI. TIO showed significantly better results compared with CVI, although the results were not as good as those of TRU.

CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, intraoral scanners - and especially the one based on active wavefront sampling (AWS) technology (as for TRU) - can be recommended for the reproduction of wide IAs (undercuts) in periodontally compromised patients.


CSS technique provides a various and beautiful mode for Web design.The paper begins with a brief analysisof the characteristics of CSS technique and the difficulties of its application in embedded browser.The paper goes on topropose the solutions to the implementation of CSS technique in embedded system.Finally, the paper discusses the de-sign and implementation of both the key algorithm and key data structures.


The taxonomic value of phy,olith assemblages and their Aon,.o nrrr.-i.l,i rit,,..,i+r.: r:{rl^-^, ^^ -: ^ ^ c LL , cfill ^.,-l^*-.^1,,^J :^---^ : ,r | , still an undervalued issue in the botanical rarrge of phytolit ancl its implications to plant systematics is doubtless, of a. worldwide importance was also compiled. The descript taxonomic relationships are given here. llesults suggest that the biogenic silica co:ntent of the poa Introduction Many plants deposit hydrated SiO, in ce,ll walls, cells phy'tolith morphotypes and the C3 and C4 photosynrhetic pathways and this allows the reconstruction of plant com_ to species level [9]. For efample Mejia-Saules and Bidby [10] found distinguishing silica bodies in the lemmae of * Corresponding author. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com,hu Handling Editor: El2bieta Bednarska-Kozakiewicz Melica species. Form and $osition of phytoliths, which {re one of the taxonomicallv complicated groups Lisztes-szabd el al. / Differences of phytolith assemblages of nine pod species world. Poa stiriaca Fritsch et l{ayek can alsic be classified in this group [15]. The features of the leaf epidermis, and the presence ancl distribution of silicified uniceilular hairs ancl prickles were shown to be useful char:acteristics to separate and identify the species ofthe P protensis species grotp l2L-24]. Nevertheleis P, pratensis was often used as a "rnodel" organism in many studies [25]. 'lhe aim of this study is to describe the phytolith assernblage in lateral shoots of niLne Poa species, looking for potential species level phytolith characters that could be useful in palaeocecology and, in parallel, to start collecting reference material to make cornparisons with other grass species and genera.


ABSTRACT What endogenous factors contribute to minority (Red Queen) or majority (Red King) domination under conditions of coercive bargaining? We build on previous work demonstrating minority disadvantage in non-coercive bargaining games to show that under neutral initial conditions, majorities are advantaged in high conflict situations, and minorities are advantaged in low conflict games. These effects are a function of the relationship between (1) relative proportions of the majority and minority groups and (2) costs of conflict. Although both Red King and Red Queen effects can occur, we further show that agents' increased initial propensity toward conflict advantages majorities.


Drivers may experience intermittent congestion and moving queue conditions in work zones due to several reasons such as presence of lane closure, roadway geometric changes, higher demand, lower speed, and reduced capacity. The congestion and queue have spatial and temporal effects and knowing their extent is needed to find users' cost, and to select traffic management strategies to reduce congestion in work zones. The first objective of this study was to develop a computer program, called IntQ, to estimate delay and queue length for intermittent queues in work zones. The IntQ models intermittent arrival pattern for groups of vehicles and generates the group characteristics, such as inter-group gap and group size, from statistical distributions developed from field data for work zones. Then the groups are moved along the network under certain rules. Also the effects of traffic volume on the distributions are discussed. The second objective was to develop a computer program called MovQ to study moving queues in work zones. Inputs to MovQ are geometric, construction and demand data, and output is queue length, delay, and state of traffic. The MovQ establishes speed-flow curves for each section of a work zone and uses shockwave theory to keep track of interactions between traffic waves. The report includes discussions about computational issues, input/output data, and example problems that are solved using the programs.


The normal modes of vibration of methylviologen (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyl dication, MV/sup 2 +/, or paraquat) and of its reduction product, the free-radical monocation MV/sup +/., have been computed by the Shimanouchi method. Calculated band wavenumbers are compared with those obtained from infrared, Raman, and resonance Raman spectra and these data are used as a basis for assignment of the observed spectra. Shifts in spectra between MV/sup 2 +/ and MV/sup +/. are interpreted and the derived force constants show increased bond order in the inter-ring bond in MV/sup +/.


is not so recognized in our manner of writing. Thus what formal grammar would classify as the "object of the preposition" is really rather the object of the verb plus the preposition perhaps with an adverb thrown in. as in "make up foi,' "go along with." or "get along without." This kind of unity is easy 10 demonstrate. For the verb-plus-preposition we can usually find a specific verb which can be substituted without changing anytTiing else in the sentence. "Fight for" may be replaced by defend. "get hold of" by acquire, "take hold of' by seize. "make up for" by compensate, "put up with" by tolerate, and so on. Examples of "final prepositions" are common enough in respectable literature. We find them in Chaucer, in the King James Bible ("what things ye have need of'), and all the way down. The mere fact of their literary acceptance, however, seems less important than the air of como pletely idiomatic naturalness which they have in ordinary (good) English, as in specimens like: We have much to be thankful for. "'hat could he be dreaming of? It was a hard sitnation to cope with. It is pretty to look at. Show them what vou're made of! What men will fight for is worth looking into. Happy is the bride the sun shines on. To insist upon turning for instance "what the situation called for" into "that for which the situation called" would be little less than translating p"enuine English into a sort of synthetic language. The idea of avoiding a "dangling preposition" has its merits, to be The JOl1RNAL of EDUCATION


Contents: Power and the Witch -- The Witch and Society -- The Idea of the Witch -- Detecting the Witch -- Witch Suspects: Suspicions Based upon the Personal Qualities of Suspects -- Witch Suspects: Suspicions Rooted in the Structural Position of the Accused -- Labelling the Witch -- Witchcraft, Power and Wealth -- European Witch: Maleficium and Demonology -- The Great Witch Craze -- Our Contemporary Witches


We investigate a technique for estimating level sets of functionals on the 2-sphere. The surface of the sphere is finely partitioned using a tree decomposition and a candidate level set is obtained by minimizing a regularized cost on the tree. A cycle spinning scheme, implemented as an ensemble classification method, is developed to decrease the variance of the tree-based estimate. Both constructions are compatible with many existing hierarchical discretizations of the 2-sphere, e.g. HEALPix and HTM. We present simulation results of a synthetic data set and an fMRI data set.


Gross error may occur in Geocoded side scan sonar image due to complicated water bottom environments and AUV maneuver. This paper presents a side-scan sonar image geocoding method based on carrier speed gross error correction. This method uses the side scan sonar image imaging principle and SIFT feature matching algorithm to calculate the AUV lateral velocity. This lateral velocity is used to detect and eliminate the gross speed error of DVL in underwater integrated navigation, and to perform gross error correction on the side-scan sonar image geocoding. This method can improve the performance of AUV underwater integrated navigation, and significantly improve the accuracy of side-scan sonar image geocoding.


Faults and geological barriers can drastically affect the flow patterns in porous media. Such fractures can be modelled as interfaces that interact with the surrounding matrix. We propose a new technique for the estimation of the location and hydrogeological properties of a small number of large fractures in a porous medium from given distributed pressure or flow data. At each iteration, the algorithm builds a short list of candidates by comparing fracture indicators. These indicators quantify at the first order the decrease of a data misfit function; they are cheap to compute. Then, the best candidate is picked up by minimization of the objective function for each candidate. Optimally driven by the fit to the data, the approach has the great advantage of not requiring remeshing, nor shape derivation. The stability of the algorithm is shown on a series of numerical examples representative of typical situations.


We predict the number of hexagonal systems consisting of and hexagons to be H and H with and signi cant digits respectively Further estimates for Hn up to n are also given Hexagonal Systems Informally speaking a hexagonal system can be viewed as a connected arrangement of hexagonal cells packed in the same way as the typical honeycomb arrangement in a bee hive More formally it is a nite connected plane graph with no cut vertices in which all interior regions are mutually congruent regular hexagons Hexagonal systems have from time to time attracted the attention of mathematicians and were named hexagonal animals honeycomb systems polyhexes etc in connection with statistical physics and applications to lattice gas models But the main interest in them comes from chemistry hexagonal systems are the natural graph representations of benzenoid hydro carbons whence the names benzenoid graphs benzenoid systems and fusenes used in the chemical literature An enormous literature exists on various chemical applications of hexagonal systems We refer to for details and references One of the classical problems in the theory of hexagonal systems is their enumeration In what follows the number of non isomorphic hexagonal systems consisting of n hexagons is denoted by Hn where non isomorphic means viewed up to translations rotations and symmetries This in turn is equal to the number of n cyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons The rst few values of Hn are given in Table The enumeration of hexagonal systems according to area stands as one of the most challenging unsolved problems of combinatorial theory cf Section in In spite of numerous attempts no one was successful in applying P olya s theory or any other technique of combinatorics to nd Hn or at least in establishing the asymptotic behavior


Situation of trawl gears and fishing methods in 32 major fishing ports and villages, and 5 fishing gear plants, distributed along the coast of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area,have been investigated or visited in the terms of working principle of fishing equipment, fishing season, fishing grounds, fishing equipment allocated proportion, fishing vessels power etc.during June~July, 2010.Also, the situations of circumference of net mouth, net total length, net mouth mesh size, and the smallest mesh size of cod-end were surveyed. All types 25000 trawlers were found in surroundings of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area, and the proportion of small trawlers reached as high as 80%, mainly distributed in the Bohai Sea area and some inshore waters of the Yellow Sea. Totally 34 kinds of trawl nets were found: 7 kinds of the small single-vessel ground-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 1 kind of the small single-vessel floating-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end and,1 kind of the small double-vessels ground-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 2 kinds of the small double-vessels floating-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 1 kind of the single-vessel beam trawl with double-cod-ends, 5 kinds of the single-vessel beam framework trawl with single-cod-end, 5 kinds of the medium single-vessel ground-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 2 kinds of the large-scale single-vessel ground-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 2 kinds of the large and medium-scale single-vessel floating-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end, 3 kinds of the medium double-vessels ground-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-endand 5 kinds of the large and medium scale single-vessel floating-trawl with double-wings and single-cod-end.The trawling intensity greatly exceeds the reproduction capacity of fishery resources, and the fishing yields are of low-value and immaturity.Subsistence fishing and commercial fishing at the same time also showed the prominent contradictions. The mesh size of wing and net mouth is getting bigger, the mesh size of cod-end is getting smaller, and the entire trawl gear shows a tendency of size increase. The largest mesh size of wing is 16 000mm, the largest mesh size of net mouth is 15 000mm, the circumference of net mouth is 840m, the net total length is 170m, the smallest mesh size of cod-end is 40~45mm or 18~20mm, and the individual minimum mesh size of cod-end is only 6~8mm. The seabed and benthic organisms were seriously damaged by ground wire of the beam framework trawl and the bow-frame trawl. The fishing equipment needs standardization and calls for scientific research.


A theory is presented for the rate constant k for electron transfer between a metal electrode and a redox couple solute in solution, in or near the electronically adiabatic regime. The departure of k from its electronically adiabatic transition state theory limit kTST is described via Grote–Hynes theory, and includes two sources of friction. The electronic friction arises from excitation of electron hole pairs in the metal, i.e., electronic nonadiabaticity effects. The solvent friction arises from solvent dynamical effects. Both features can result in significant reduction of k below kTST, and their interplay can lead to interesting nonmonotonic variations with reaction overpotential.


The principal education advocates the education of the students themselves,pursues their growth in an all-round way and attach importance to the cultivation of their modern personality.College students' modern personality involves: developing from being self-closed to open,from being idealist to practical,from being dependent to innovative and from being selfsatisfied to self-transcending.Therefore,the cultivation of modern college students' personality demands changes in the educational concept through respecting students' principal status,strengthening their theoretical education,increasing their practice,enhancing their consciousness of responsibility,fostering their self-discipline competence and improving psychological consultation so as to develop students' healthy personality.


Objective: To report on an investigation of requirements, with focus on Psychological and Intuition Requirements (PIRs), to make adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) more encompassing and expeditious. Methods: The investigation collected EHR features from the literature, commercially available EHR software and proposed EHR standards. By using a mix of a modified Delphi method, a questionnaire-based survey, and interviews with EHR developers and usage stakeholders, the investigation: 1) classified requirements of EHRs; 2) ranked resulting classes by their importance for EHR adoption; and, 3) analysed whether PIRs were in the most important classes. Results: Ten EHR requirements classes were elicited and had different concentrations of PIRs. PIRs were proven useful for EHR adoption, but standards should be also reinforced. Functional requirements had smaller importance. Conclusion: PIRs from security and ease of use classes should have higher priority in EHR development, maintenance, and evolution to ease adoption.


Superdiffraction emitting, i.e. far-field spot compression without energy loss in main lob, in space laser communication can increase the main lob energy density. A smaller far-field spot in conjunction with a higher main lob energy density can improve the detection accuracy greatly, and enhance the communication capability of space laser communication system as a result. So superdiffraction emitting is of great significance to space laser communication. In most of the spot compression approaches, the main lob will suffer considerable loss of energy caused by the compression. Aiming at the superdiffraction emitting in space laser communication, we propose two schemes to obtain far-field spot compression without energy loss in main lob. One scheme is based on SA algorithm. We first design the intensity distribution in the far-field receiving plane to meet the particular requirement of space laser communication. According to the desired intensity distribution, we obtain the phase profile of the diffractive phase element (DPE) using the SA algorithm. Placing the designed DPE on the emitting plane, the superdiffraction emitting is achieved. The other scheme is based on YG algorithm. By using the algorithm, we convert the Gaussian beam into an appropriately designed high quality uniform beam in emitting plane. Using the high quality uniform beam as the emitting beam, we then gain far-field spot compression without energy loss in main lob. By means of the two schemes we proposed, the superdiffracion emitting in space laser communication is obtained.


Long afterglow SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy phosphor was prepared by the traditional ceramic synthesis method, and investigated its luminescent mechanism and properties by the thermoluminescence and positron annihilation method. The results indicate that Eu2+ ions act luminescent centers and Dy3+ ions as trap levels. The positron annihilation experiment reveals that traps with negative charge exist in the Sr0.94Al2O4: Eu-0.02 and Sr0.94Al2O4:Eu-0.02, Dy-0.04, the Dy3+ ions enter the Sr2+ sites, and produce some Sr2+ vacancies simultaneously. The thermoluminescence curves imply that the, depth of trap level is about 0.95eV while doped Eu ions simply, and 0.51eV while co-doped Dy3+ in the SrAl2O4 host. As for the long afterglow luminescence mechanism, the trapped holes released from the trap levels are recombined with electrons accompanying with the luminescence, which result in the long afterglow. Due to the different depths of trap levels, the afterglow properties of phosphors vary greatly.


 Abstract — Background: Hydrogen peroxide is a natural source of oxidative DNA damage in cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for DNA damage and apoptosis. Aim: We investigated the susceptibility of HepG2 and HaCat cells to DNA damage capacity induced by hydrogen peroxide, as well as to compare the differential sensitivities of both types of cells to DNA damage. Methods: HepG2 and HaCat cells were challenged with 25 µM hydrogen peroxide for 5, 30, 40, 60 min and 24 hr using Comet assay. Results: DNA damage was significantly increased in both HepG2 and HaCat cells at all times of incubation (p<0.001), but not at 24hr. Furthermore, there was a clear decrease in the amount of DNA damage was observed at 24 hr time of incubation, which is accompanied with decrease in DNA migration length in both HepG2 and HaCat cells. Conclusion: Our results confirm that the profile of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide was similar in both HepG2 and HaCat cells. However, the reduction in the amount of DNA damage could be due to of possibility of cellular DNA repair.


Previously, it was revealed that the nitrogen-containing compounds formed at the initial step of the reactions of 2, 4- and 2, 6-xylenol with formaldehyde catalyzed by ammonia showed a noticeable effect upon the reaction occurred subsequently, The present paper describes(I)a kinetic study of the reactions between the above xylenols and formaldehyde in the presence of oxazine and tribenzylamino type compounds dereived from the xyleftols, and (II) the products formed, and thier changes with time, examined by means of NMR spectroscopy.Different behaviors of the nitrogen-containing compounds have demonstrated in the ondensation reaction, although the details are still obscure.


Regenerative potential is expressed to a maximum extent in echinoderms. Starfishes are well known echinoderms, which are capable of reconstructing external appendages and internal organs often subjected to amputation, self-induced or traumatic, rapidly followed by complete successful re-growth of the lost parts. The coelomic fluid that bathes the internal organs of starfish is rich in molecules involved in cell signaling processes. It was intended to study which of these molecules present in the coelomic fluid (bioactive peptides or other low molecular mass compounds) could play an important role in the regeneration process of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis. For that, a mass spectrometry based approach was used to characterize the molecules present in the coelomic fluid of the starfish in the first phase of its regeneration process, a wound-healing phase (48 hours post-arm tip ablation). None of the spectra obtained from MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and ESI-MS showed a fragmentation pattern characteristic for peptides. Instead, asterosaponins were found in high concentration levels in the coelomic fluid of regenerating animals. Asterosaponins are one of the bioactive secondary metabolites from starfish with known immunological, physiological and pharmacological activities, and thus these compounds seem to be promising signaling molecules to study the starfish regeneration process.


Active and passive remote sensing techniques can be used simultaneously and their results complete each other. This paper introduces the results of the experiment that took place in October 2019 on the offshore platform in the Black Sea. Two unique pieces of equipment developed in the Institute of Applied Physics were used in the experiment: set of original optical devices for recording of range - time - intensity (RTI) images of sea surface and an underwater acoustic wave gauge. The devices were installed close to each other, optical devices were measuring slope spectrum, acoustic wave gauge can measure significant wave height and variance of slopes of the large-scale (in comparison with the wavelength of the incidence acoustic wave) waves, also the Doppler spectrum of the reflected signal can be measured. The string wave gauge is working on the platform constantly and provides measurements of the omnidirectional spectrum.


Objective To investigate the effects of lead on the brain development,protein level, malondial dehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in offsprings brain.Methods Rats were treated with lead acetate by intraperitoneal injection at the 13 th ,16 th and 19 th day after gestation with a dosage of 5,20, 40 mg/kg respectively.The brood weights and brain weights were weighed after rats birth .Levels of protein and activities of MDA and SOD in the brain of newborn rats were determined.Results Lead exposure of pregnant rats reduced the brain weight and average brood weight.As the dosage of the lead exposure increased,the protein content and the activity of SOD in offspring brain decreased,while the level of MDA elevated.The changes showed dose dependent correlation with the dosage of lead exposure.Conclusions The effects of lead exposure of pregnant rats on the brain development of their offspring are associated with the increase of the levels of MDA and decrease of the activity of SOD in the brain.