Much of the research on group-mediated cognitive behavioural interventions (GMCB) suggests that they are effective at increasing physical activity (PA) adherence, improving physical function, and enhancing social cognitive outcomes across diverse populations (e.g., sedentary older adults, postnatal mothers, and spinal cord injury patients). The use of cognitive-behavioural and group dynamics models to produce social-cognitive and behavioural change follows the recommendations of Cartwright (1951), Bandura (1997), Meichenbaum & Turk, (1987) and the PA intervention literature (e.g., Artinian et al, 2010). Despite GMCB's potential as a PA intervention, questions remain regarding its widespread application. For example, is the GMCB amenable to knowledge translation (KT), the dynamic process by which research findings are integrated into everyday practice? Glasgow and Emmons (2007) suggest potential barriers to successful KT implementation of health-related interventions fall under three categories: (1) intervention characteristics, (2) characteristics of the target setting, and (3) research design. GMCB KT will be discussed relative to these. Some GMCB characteristics make it attractive for implementation, but do barriers constrain this potential? Feasibility of the GMCB model to overcome common KT barriers will be examined. Directions for future GMCB research will be offered (e.g., measuring cohesion/collaboration; persistence).Acknowledgments: Supported by Canada Research Chair Training Fund


This paper analyses deal protection devices, specifically termination fees and lockup agreements, that are entered into by publicly listed target companies in favour of the preferred bidders under Anglo-American law. US (specifically Delaware) and UK law and regulation differ markedly in the regulation of these devices. Delaware law generally gives more leeway for the target board to enter into deal protection devices. The UK regime is much more shareholder-centric and severely restricts most types of deal protections. This paper explains the differences and argues that the UK regime is the result of the strong influence of institutional share ownership. In contrast, in the US, institutional share ownership is of more recent origin and market participants have instead pushed for greater board independence to counteract managerial self-interest. This paper also discusses the impact of recent trends, including changing shareholder ownership patterns and regulatory developments on the concepts of independence of outside directors, and their impact on the substantive rules on deal protections. It concludes that, while some modest changes to the substantive rules may be required, there is insufficient evidence to justify an overhaul of the rules in either jurisdiction.


The invention discloses a system device with co-action of ultrasonic wave and far infrared ray on an engine, comprising a fuel action unit, a machine oil action unit, a cooling water action unit, an ultrasonic generator, a fuel temperature sensor and a singlechip. The action units are provided with far infrared ceramics and ultrasonic energy converters which are connected with the ultrasonic generator. The electric heaters of the three action units are electrically connected with the heating temperature controllers. The heating temperature controllers, the ultrasonic generator and one or moresensors are connected with a singlechip through an interface circuit. By using sound pressure generated in liquid medium of the ultrasonic wave, the system device raises temperatures of the fuel, machine oil and water medium so as to excite the far infrared ceramics in the medium and change macromolecule groups of the medium into micromolecule groups or single molecules under the action of far infrared ray, and the medium is activated adequately. The invention can remarkably enhance the dynamic property, the economical efficiency and the environmental-friendliness of the engine. The system device can be used as a fuel filter and a machine oil filter.


Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are used to explore the turbulent structures in a ribbed channel. In this study, only one channel wall is equipped with square ribs which are oriented transversely to the main stream direction. The ribs obstruct the channel by 20% of its height and are arranged 10 rib heights apart. The results include mean streamlines, Reynolds shear stresses, two-point correlation coefficients, POD eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. By means of the POD analysis, the underlying flow features are identified, which are the strong upward ejections from the leading edge of the rib. Essentially, these motions give rise to the sharp peaks in the fluctuating turbulent kinetic energy and make great contributions to the Reynolds shear stress. (Less)


Background: Treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children depends on the etiology, which is not easy to determine in this age group. Although viruses represent common cause of CAP in preschool children, the vast majority of children are still treated with antibiotics. Modern diagnostic methods for detection of viruses and atypical bacteria can help to determine the etiology. We hypothesized that this method influences the antibiotic treatment of CAP in hospitalised children. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 130 hospitalized children with CAP. Naso-pharyngeal swab was taken for detection of respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria with PCR based diagnostics. Empirical antibiotic therapy was recorded on the first 24 hours of the admission and on a third day of hospitalization, when the results of microbiological investigations were available. Results: On the first day, antibiotic treatment was prescribed in 115 (88.5%) of subjects. 61.7% of them were treated with penicillin-based antibiotic, 16.9% with a macrolide and 12.2% with a combination of penicillin and macrolide. On a third day of hospitalisation 114 (87.7%) of subjects were still treated with an antibiotic. Percentage of those treated with a macrolide increased to 24.3% and those treated with a combination decreased to 6.1%. Conclusions: The results of microbiological investigations did not reduce the proportion of children, treated with antibiotics. However, they influenced the adjustment of therapy, especially in children with atypical bacterial pneumonia. In most children with deteced viral infection, we did not abolish the antibiotic therapy as bacterial superinfection could not be excluded.


Abstract
We have adapted a programed textbook on respiratory failure to a computerized format, using an IBM PC. The computer program includes a series of connecting multiple choice questions, and a separate glossary of physiologic definitions. It is structured so the user may access any of the questions or the glossary from any point in the program. The computer is an excellent tool for 'programed textbook' learning, and provides the added advantage of allowing text to be easily altered and expanded.


We administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to 62 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 12 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 35 normal control subjects. By applying objective decision rules to individual test protocols, an overall prevalence of cognitive impairment of 66% was obtained in the SLE patient sample. Independent clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were used to determine neuropsychiatric (NP) symptomatology and to group SLE patients as 1) "active" (N=21), 2) "inactive" (N=15), and 3) "never" (N=26) NP-SLE. More than 80% of the patients in groups 1 and 2 and 42% in group 3 showed significant cognitive impairment as compared with 17% of the RA patients and 14% of the normal control subjects. Neither steroid medication nor psychological distress could account for these findings. The unexpectedly high prevalence of cognitive impairment in SLE patients with either inactive or absent neuropsychiatric symptomatology provides evidence for subclinical nervous system involvement in SLE.


absolute conveyance of the mortgaged property, with a defeasance clause providing that upon payment of the mortgage debt on the due date the property is to revert back to the mortgagor.1 This form of mortgage goes back, at least, to the 12th century, and, contrary to the prevailing view, was certainly in general use by the middle of the 13th century.2 Originally, the transaction would take the form of two separate instruments, one an absolute charter of feoffment, and the other


With an explosive growth of blogs, information seeking in blogosphere becomes more and more challenging. One example task is to find the most relevant topical blogs against a given query or an existing blog. Such a task requires concise representation of blogs for effective and efficient searching and matching. In this paper, we investigate a new problem of profiling a blog by choosing a set of m most representative entries from the blog, where m is a predefined number that is application-dependent. With the set of selected representative entries, applications on blogs avoid handling hundreds or even thousands of entries (or posts) associated with each blog, which are updated frequently and often noisy in nature. To guide the process of selecting the most representative entries, we propose three principles, i.e., anomaly, representativeness, and diversity. Based on these principles, a greedy yet very efficient entry selection algorithm is proposed. To evaluate the entry selection algorithms, an extrinsic evaluation methodology from document summarization research is adapted. Specifically, we evaluate the proposed entry selection algorithms by examining their blog classification accuracies. By evaluating on a number of different classification methods, our empirical results showed that comparable classification accuracy could be achieved by using fewer than 20 representative entries for each blog compared to that of engaging all entries.


Abstract. Accurate ellipse detection in complicated images is a challenging problem due to corruptions from image clutter, noise, or occlusion of other objects. To cope with this problem, an edge-following-based ellipse detection method is proposed which promotes the performances of the subprocesses based on consistency. The ellipse detector models edge connectivity by line segments and exploits inconsistent endpoints of the line segments to split the edge contours into smooth arcs. The smooth arcs are further refined with a novel arc refinement method which iteratively improves the consistency degree of the smooth arc. A two-phase arc integration method is developed to group disconnected elliptical arcs belonging to the same ellipse, and two constraints based on consistency are defined to increase the effectiveness and speed of the merging process. Finally, an efficient ellipse validation method is proposed to evaluate the saliency of the elliptic hypotheses. Detailed evaluation on synthetic images shows that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art ellipse detection methods in terms of effectiveness and speed. Additionally, we test our detector on three challenging real-world datasets. The F-measure score and execution time of results demonstrate that our method is effective and fast in complicated images. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for practical applications.


The physiological basis of post-storage effects of low-oxygen CA treatment which can control superficial scald of apples for a longer period was studied, using Starkrimson apple as experimental material The results showed that the α-farnesene and conjugated trienes contents of special CA-treated apples were significantly low,its fruit firmness, soluble solids and peel chlorophyll levels were almost the same as those of standard CA,equal to or higher than those of cold storage in air after 4 months When special CA-treated apples were stored in cold air,α-farnesene and conjugated trienes contents of special CA-treated apples were high,but apples were still scald-free during 2 months of post-storage periods The formations of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes were significantly inhibited by special CA treatment during CA storage and the accumulation peak of conjugated trienes was delayed to appear after a longer post-storage period,this may be the reason why no scald fruit was observed among special CA-treated apples during a longer post-storage period


They prepare peroxidic perfluoropolyoxyalkylene, with high yields, by performing the photooxidation of tetrafluoroethylene with molecular oxygen, by means of UV radiation, operating in the presence of pentafluorocloroetano tetrafluoroetilene.Si which the solvent may thus obtain peroxidic perfluoropolyoxyalkylene of viscosity at 20 ° C of between 8,000 and 300,000. 000 cSt. and equipped with peroxidic content not exceeding 4. Such perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes provide, by chemical reduction, perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes endowed with superior functionality to 1.9 and at the same time of high molecular weight.


The frontonasal flap procedure is a useful method for the repair of relatively larg defects of the central part of nose. Not only the central defect but also the alar defect could be reconstructed by our modified frontonasal or extended frontonasal flap which is composed of the frontonasal flap and the continuous nasolabial flap. The modified frontonasal flap covers alar defects with the nasal tip skin, while the extended frontonasal flap covers large alar defects with both the nasal tip and the opposite alar skin. The donor ala is reconstructed by the continuous nasolabial flap. Four patients underwentthe modified frontonasal flap repair and in two patients the defect was covered by the extended frontonasal flap. All of them were more than 70-years-old. Half of the patients were operated under regional anaesthesia. In all cases, cosmetic results were excellent. One patient complained of nasal obstruction during the first four weeks after operation.


Since moving into markets recently left open by the Colombian drug cartels, Mexican traffickers have increased pressure on their country's press. In states bordering the USA they have become particularly powerful.


This thesis studies the problem of dynamic scene 3D reconstruction and understanding using a calibrated 2D-3D camera setup mounted on a mobile platform via the analysis of objects' motions. For static scenes, the sought 3D map reconstruction can be obtained by registering the point cloud sequence. However, with dynamic scenes, we require a prior step of moving object elimination, which yields to the motion detection and segmentation problems. We provide solutions for the two practical scenarios, namely the known and unknown camera motion cases, respectively. When camera motion is unknown, our 3D-SSC and 3D-SMR algorithms segment the moving objects by analysing their 3D feature trajectories. In contrast, by compensating the known camera motion, our 3D Flow Field Analysis algorithm inspects the spatio-temporal property of the object's motion. By removing the dynamic objects, we attain the high quality 3D background and multi-body reconstruction by using our DW-ICP point cloud registration algorithm. In the context of scene understanding, semantic object information is learned from images and transferred to the reconstructed static map via our 2D-to-3D label transfer scheme. All the proposed algorithms have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated and validated by using extensive experiments of real outdoor scenes.


Tube socket fillet joint of liquid ammonia tanks was invalided in service,due to one-side welding structure without groove.Stress computations on tube socket fillet joint of three types are conducted with the ABAQUS code.The calculation results and actual observation are compared.The obtained results show that the stress in the inside wall of cylinder fully welded with groove is the smallest.The stress is the middle for the double-side welded structure without groove and is the biggest for the one-side welded structure without groove.Calculation results are consistent with the crack observation of a engineering tube socket fillet joint of liquid ammonia tanks.The tube socket fillet joint one-side welded structure without groove should be avoid to be used for important occasions.


OBJECTIVES:Esophageal mucosal response to acid exposure varies from minimal changes to erosions/ulcerations and Barrett's metaplasia. While differences in acid contact time have been suggested, the reason for these different responses is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and compare gene expression differences between normal distal and proximal squamous esophageal mucosa (SM) in esophagitis patients with that of healthy controls and Barrett's patients.METHODS:Gene microarray was performed on laser-capture microdissected epithelial cells isolated from biopsy specimens followed by real-time PCR. The effect of acidic pH (pH 4.5) on Dickkopf Homolog 1 (Dkk-1) expression in the human esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) was determined.RESULTS:Gene microarray analysis demonstrated that the upregulation of five genes in the distal compared with the proximal SM in esophagitis patients was greater than the healthy controls and Barrett's patients. Overexpression of Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 was further confirmed by real-time PCR. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 mRNA levels in the distal SM of the esophagitis patients were 7.0- and 3.1-fold higher, respectively, than in the distal SM of the Barrett's patients and 4.1- and 4.1-fold higher than in healthy controls, respectively. Dkk-1 protein expression in the distal esophagitis SM was also higher than the Barrett's patients and healthy controls. Acidic pH exposure of Het-1A cells resulted in Dkk-1 upregulation at the level of both mRNA and protein.CONCLUSIONS:Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 may potentially be involved in the development of different injuries in response to pathological gastroesophageal acid reflux.


This document outlines the challenges associated with implementing
Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures over IEEE 802.11 and
IEEE 802.1x networks. Multiple options are presented for discovering
and authenticating to the correct IEEE 802.11 SSID. This draft is a
discussion document and no final recommendations are made on the
recommended approaches to take. However, the advantages and downsides
of each possible method are evaluated.


The interesting dynamical behaviours exhibiting in chemical reaction systems, such as multiple steady states and undamped oscillations, often result from unstable steady states. A positive real eigenvalue condition is proposed which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the determination of an unstable steady state having a positive real eigenvalue in general isothermal reaction networks. Formulas are developed to construct an unstable steady state and a set of positive rate constants. The applications are illustrated by three examples. Two give rise to oscillations and one admits multiple steady states.


The article is devoted to the ground of expedience in the lead through of researches on theproblem of preparation of teachers of labour protection on the basis of the use of interactivemethods of teaching, psychology-pedagogical bases of application of interactive methods ofteaching are considered in an educational process and the basic tasks and prospects are certain.


Adolf Bastian mapped a program for anthropological re- search in the nineteenth century that is still accepted in the international scholarly community today. Despite this, Bastian is not widely known as its founder. This is the first time that seminal pieces of the work of this much-neglected scholar have been translated into English. Bastian had an impact, directly and indirectly, on geography, psychology, comparative religious studies, and ethnology in the twentieth century. This volume demonstrates why that is so. Klaus-Peter Kpping is professor of anthropology at the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.


The Italian road network comprises many bridges that were constructed around the middle of last century and are now close to, or have exceeded, their intended design lives. The advanced state of degradation of many of the bridges has been a contributing factor in a number of collapses in recent years, with the problem being particularly prevalent in prestressed concrete construction. In response to the need for improvements in the reliability of existing Italian bridges, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure published in 2020 a new set of guidelines for assessment and monitoring. This article undertakes a critical review of the guidelines, which are currently in a trial phase, through the multilevel assessment of a case‐study prestressed concrete road bridge. Four key areas for potential improvement in future revisions are identified: refinement of the level 3 preliminary assessment approach, greater emphasis on assessment rather than design thinking, objective Knowledge Levels, and treatment of elements with unknown levels of degradation.


This paper considers an alternate approach to the exchange of ship product model data based on general-purpose STEP application protocols. The vision is to provide the functionality defined in the shipbuilding application protocols using a combination of STEP AP239, AP214, and reference data libraries. It is expected that AP239 translators will soon be available, thus enabling the exchange of significant portions of ship product model data.


Current methods for diagnosing acute and complex infections mostly rely on culture-based methods and, for biofilms, fluorescence in-situ hybridization. These techniques are labor-intensive and can take 2-4 days to return a test result, especially considering an extra culturing step required for the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). This places a significant burden on healthcare providers, delaying treatment and leading to adverse patient outcomes. Here, we report the complementary use of our newly developed multi-excitation Raman spectroscopy (ME-RS) method with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Four WHO priority pathogens are AST phenotyped and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile determined by WGS. On application of ME-RS method we find high correlation with the WGS characterization. Highly accurate classification based on the species (98.93%), wild-type/non-wild type (99.45%), and presence or absence of thick peptidoglycan layers in cell walls (100%), as well as at the individual strain level (99.29%). These results clearly demonstrate the potential of ME-RS as a rapid and first-stage tool for species, resistance and strain-level classification which can be followed up by WGS for confirmation. Such a workflow can facilitate efficient antimicrobial stewardship to handle and prevent the spread of AMR.


This essay explores the impact of Friedrich Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy and The Case of Wagner on conceptualizations of the theatrical event during the emergence of modern drama, focusing specifically on the writings of August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw, and Eugene O'Neill—all avowed devotees of Nietzsche's work. to these playwrights, Nietzsche offered a particular vision of theatrical creation as a coequal marriage of the representational and embodied artistries of author and actor, each manifested only through its engagement with the other in the moment of performance. Nietzsche's schematization would help to inform much of the rethinking of the actor-author relationship that would mark these dramatists' approach to the stage, variously interpreted in Strindberg's call for a semi-improvisatory actor liberated from the playwright's text, Shaw's celebration of the virtuosic actor as the author's essential partner, and O'Neill's insistence on masked actors as an antidote to time-worn stage traditions. In these conceits, author and actor become co-creators of a theatrical event that exceeds either of their arts alone, a view on theatrical creation that in both positing and resolving a fundamental bifurcation begins to presage the eventual division between textualist and theatricalist approaches to the stage that would mark much of modern drama's later development.


8509Background: Venetoclax (Ven) is a selective, potent, oral BCL-2 inhibitor. In the Phase 3 BELLINI trial, addition of Ven to bortezomib (B) + dexamethasone (d) significantly improved response ra...


In this research, it was carried out to fulfill the objectives, namely to explain, explain, and discuss the new variants of public relations, namely cyberspace public relations or e-PR, as well as the sustainability of functions and performance assistance related to the development of positive images as opportunities to be discussed. Relationship between cyberspace is success. Things that cannot be solved physically by conventional public relations can be done by applying cyber community relations, and vice versa. In other words public relations and cyber public relations are interrelated and complementary in order to achieve public relations goals to advance the company or its shade organization.


This paper focuses on the positioning algorithm suitable for harsh indoor environment such as manufacturing workshop in which the interferences from different directions cannot be neglected. The positioning algorithm is an improved Received Signal Strength Indication- (RSSI-) based ranging method. To preprocess the RSSI data Gaussian filter and mean filter are adopted. A sector transmission model is constructed and applied to divide the area around the anchor node into several sectors, and the shadowing model of each sector is measured. Then the average of all RSSI values in a particular sector is considered as the final RSSI value for distance calculation. The calculated distances designated for trilateration are also optimized to eliminate the abnormal distances from positioning calculations. Positioning experiment is designed via ZigBee facilities. The results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the positioning accuracy and stability; for instance, the average positioning error is reduced from 1.32 m to 0.79 m. Moreover, this study also proves that the node position has great influence on the positioning accuracy.


Peptide-based vaccines consist of short antigen fragments derived from a specific pathogen. Alone,
these peptide fragments are poorly or non-immunogenic; however, when incorporated into a proper
delivery system, they can trigger strong immune responses. To eliminate the need for toxic and often
ineffective oral adjuvants, we designed single molecule-based self-adjuvating vaccines against
hookworms using natural and unnatural hydrophobic amino acids. Two vaccine conjugates were
synthesized, consisting of B-cell epitope p3, derived from the hookworm Na-APR-1 protein; universal
T-helper peptide P25; and either double copies of unnatural lipoamino acid (2-amino-D,L-eicosanoic
acid), or ten copies of the natural amino acid leucine. After challenge with the model hookworm,
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, mice orally immunized with the conjugates, but without adjuvant,
generated antibody responses against the hookworm epitope, resulting in significantly reduced worm
and egg burdens compared to control mice. We have demonstrated that vaccine nanoparticles composed
exclusively of natural amino acids can be effective even when administered orally.


Abstract This article documents the biases in using sample arithmetic or geometric means of one-period returns to assess long-run expected rates of return. The formulas developed are applicable to other compound growth processes. For types of distributions of one-period returns likely to be encountered for bonds and stocks, numerical values for these biases are given. Four unbiased estimators of long-run expected rates of return are developed and their relative efficiency examined.


From the perspective of local economic development, a development plan is an essential strategy for the territory. In this sense, the present investigation takes as a case study the State of Nayarit and the development plans of the state public administrations from 1999 to the year 2021; with the objective of determining the logic of local planning and its effects on the development of the entity. A binary logistic regression is used to analyze the phenomenon of a planned strategic project, and one that is not, based on three variables: source of financing, estimated cost of the project and estimated time of completion.


Plant biodiversity is essential to human health. Plants provide sources of both nutrients and medicinal agents, form components of robust ecosystems and contribute to sociocultural well-being. Traditional values and scientific conceptions concur on the necessity of dietary diversity, particularly of fruits and vegetables, for health. In the face of economic and environmental changes, increased simplification of the diets of large numbers of people to a limited number of high-energy foods presents unprecedented obstacles to health. Cultural knowledge of the properties of plants erodes at the same time. Conservation of biodiversity and the knowledge of its use, therefore, preserves the adaptive lessons of the past and provides the necessary resources for present and future health.


During site‐specific pseudouridylation of eukaryotic rRNAs, selection of correct substrate uridines for isomerization into pseudouridine is directed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). The pseudouridylation guide snoRNAs share a common 'hairpin–hinge– hairpin–tail' secondary structure and two conserved sequence motifs, the H and ACA boxes, located in the single‐stranded hinge and tail regions, respectively. In the 5′‐ and/or 3′‐terminal hairpin, an internal loop structure, the pseudouridylation pocket, selects the target uridine through formation of base‐pairing interactions with rRNAs. Here, essential elements for accumulation and function of rRNA pseudouridylation guide snoRNAs have been analysed by expressing various mutant yeast snR5, snR36 and human U65 snoRNAs in yeast cells. We demonstrate that the H and ACA boxes that are required for formation of the correct 5′ and 3′ ends of the snoRNA, respectively, are also essential for the pseudouridylation reaction directed by both the 5′‐ and 3′‐terminal pseudouridylation pockets. Similarly, RNA helices flanking the two pseudouridylation pockets are equally essential for pseudouridylation reactions mediated by either the 5′ or 3′ hairpin structure, indicating that the two hairpin domains function in a highly co‐operative manner. Finally, we demonstrate that by manipulating the rRNA recognition motifs of pseudouridylation guide snoRNAs, novel pseudouridylation sites can be generated in yeast rRNAs.


Anchovy homogenates with or without salt were autolyzed at various pH and temperature conditions. In the initial hydrolysis during 20 hours, the highest autolysis of anchovy homogenate was achieved at pH 4 and . However, the addition of 20% salt changed the optimum condition to pH 6 and . When the digestion time was prolonged to 8 days, the most favorable temperature for the autolysis of salted anchovy was lowered to compared with of initial hydrolysis while the optimum pH was unchanged. Under the best conditions described above, 60.5% of anchovy nitrogen was converted to TCA-soluble nitrogen in 20 hr-incubation without salting, but it was reduced to 49.8% with salting. In the 8 days hydrolysis of salted anchovy, as much as 83.1% of total nitrogen was transformed into TCA-soluble nitrogen. Slight increase in the degree of hydrolysis up to 89.6% was occurred during subsequent ripening period of 52 days at ambient temperature.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a passion fruit beverage. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) separating peels from pulp with seeds of passion fruits; adding the pulp with seeds into warm water of which the weight is 2-3 times as much as the weight of the pulp, agitating uniformly and removing the seeds; slicing the peels, putting the peels into the warm water and pulping; adding pectinase for enzymolysis, and carrying out enzyme deactivation; filtering and extracting a filtering solution to obtain a passion fruit blending solution; (2) putting edible flowers into water of which the weight is 8-15 times as much as the total weight of the flowers; heating to 80-95 DEG C and extracting for 10-60 minutes; separating out an extracting solution and adding ascorbic acid of which the weight is 0.01%-0.05% of the weight of the extracting solution into the extracting solution to obtain a flower blending solution; and (3) mixing the passion fruit blending solution with the flower blending solution according to a ratio of 1:(2-5); adding a stabilizer, citric acid and sucrose into a mixed solution; mixing uniformly and then homogenizing; filling and sterilizing to obtain the finished product. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the pulp and the peels of the passion fruits are used comprehensively so that the waste of the peels is avoided; meanwhile, the beverage has a flower aroma and the mouth feel is unique so that the requirements of more consumers can be met.


We present the study of the growth of ZnO nanorods on p-Si (100) using MBE. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and capacitance – voltage (C-V) measurements were employed to analyze and assess the grown ZnO nanorods. AFM clearly demonstrated the growth of vertically aligned nanorods, however, they get diffused as the thickness of the layer is increased beyond 1 µm. C-V measurements in particular, justified p-n junction between Si/ZnO nanorods. The junction showed n-type conductivity with carrier concentration 1×1015 cm-3. The source of this n-type conductivity was Zn-interstitials and the presence of Zn-interstitials was confirmed by EDAX and Raman spectroscopy. Experimental detail and results were presented that help in furtherance of our understanding of the material issues and its potential as required for the practical devices.


Thoracolumbar compression fracture is common following trauma. Compression fractures result from anterior or lateral flexion forces causing failure of the anterior column, sparing the middle column. Conservative treatment ranges from bracing, casting and prolonged recumbency to non-bracing with early ambulation. Previous studies have not found any significant effect comparing brace and nonbrace in term of radiological and functional outcome. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare the outcome between bracing with Jewett brace and non-bracing with early ambulation in compression fracture of T12 to L5 with no neurological deficit. We aim to determine whether the nonbrace group will have similar outcome to the brace group in term of radiographic result, pain score and work scale at one year of follow-up.


Bright EUV sunspot plumes have been observed in eight out of eleven different sunspot regions with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer -- CDS on SOHO. From wavelength shifts we derive the line-of-sight velocity, relative to the average velocity in the rastered area, 120 arcsec x 120 arcsec. In sunspot plumes we find that the motion is directed away from the observer and increases with increasing line formation temperature, reaches a maximum between 15 and 41 km~s$^{-1}$ close to log T $\approx$ 5.5, then decreases abruptly. The flow field in the corona is not well correlated with the flow in the transition region and we discuss briefly the implication of this finding.


In an effort to elucidate the origin of the Curie-like paramagnetism that is generic for heavily-overdoped cuprates, we have performed high transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF-muSR) measurements of La2-xSrxCuO4 single crystals over the Sr content range 0.145 < x < 0.33. We show that the x-dependence of the previously observed field-induced broadening of the internal magnetic field distribution above the superconducting transition temperature Tc reflects the presence of two distinct contributions. One of these becomes less pronounced with increasing x and is attributed to diminishing antiferromagnetic correlations. The other grows with increasing x, but decreases above x ~ 0.30, and is associated with the Curie-like term in the bulk magnetic susceptibility. In contrast to the Curie-like term, however, this second contribution to the TF-muSR line width extends back into the underdoped regime. Our findings imply a coexistence of antiferromagnetically correlated and paramagnetic moments, with the latter becoming dominant beyond x ~ 0.185. This suggests that the doped holes do not neutralize all Cu spins via the formation of Zhang-Rice singlets. Moreover, the paramagnetic component of the TF-muSR line width is explained by holes progressively entering the Cu 3d_{x^2-y^2} orbital with doping.


The concept of flight-path stability, which is today in use, is based on the characteristics of steady unaccelerated flight conditions, and so can be called "static flight-path stability." After the description about the "static flight-path stability, " this paper introduces the "dynamic flight-path stability" concept for accelerated/decelerated flight conditions, and discusses the necessary elevator-compensation to provide an airplane with the designated dynamic flight-path stability. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the airplane with the compensation can stably control the flight-path by the elevator in the backside flight region, through the study on the airplane's response and phugoidmode characteristics.


The allocation and design placement of devices consisting of thermal sensitive units and poor thermal design can affect the device performance and damage the device in the worst case scenario. This study investigates the effect of thermal performance on the surface mount package corresponding to difference chip material. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to assess the thermal effect on the electronic package. All the simulations are conducted under an identical simulation environment. The heat is transferred from the chip through the mount package to the surroundings by conduction. Besides that, thermal conduction mechanism happens among the components and thermal convection occurs on the air-exposed surface. The temperature of surface mount package was analyzed. The simulation result indicates that the chip material of titanium beta 21s as chip material shows the highest temperature of 48.04°C. While, magnesium as chip material shows the lowest temperature about 43.61°C.


The newsletter describes the index-based livestock insurance program in Mongolia designed in the context of a World Bank lending operation with the Government of Mongolia. It goes on in describing a livestock program for Mongolia. The newsletter summarizes how traditional individual livestock insurance (based on individual losses) was ineffective in Mongolia and how an alternative approach, which is to develop a collective system for indemnifications: indemnity payments are based on a transparent index designed to reflect the loss incurred by the herders, can be more beneficial. The newsletter also discusses layering livestock risk, which is a combination of self-insurance, market-based insurance and social insurance and also touches on the concept of an insurance indemnity pool. The newsletter then closes with discussion on the government's fiscal exposure, how to measure livestock mortality, basis risk for individual users, lack of insurance knowledge among herders, and the potential for fraud.


According to the present geologic information,by primary analyses,summarizes the basic geology of the ore district and the geologic character of the deposit,carries out the indicator of Iiuchapo formation (Z∈lc),Jiumenchong(∈_1jm) interface and vanadium layer correlation,has some significance for the exploration prospecting in this area.


A novel internal recycle mixing device, in which the solvent-to-feed ratio may be enhanced without the introduction of an external recycle stream, is proposed. The device was tested on, and found to be effective for, the extraction of ammonia from water using a liquid surfactant membrane (LM) system. A detailed model of the mass transfer processes occurring within the system is presented and used to develop an equation suitable for th sizing of LM contactors. This equation accounts for the effect of the internal reagent on the overall mass transfer rate. The experimental data are in favorable agreement with the model predictions.


It tells us a truth in Lu Xun's novel of Mourning the Past that when "people must live" has become possible,love must also be constantly updated,grown and created.While in Bei Cun's novel of Mourning the Past it reveals us a cruel fact that love is ultimately nothing but a desperate means and it can not save the human soul.The subject of the ideal love model in the two homonymous novels is quite different.When faced with the desperate life including love,Lu Xun believed in "fighting against desperation" based on reality,while Bei Cun thought that believing in God is the only ultimate way to save people,the wish of which is flouring but hardly to be put into practice in China.


In this paper,the performances of the general asphalt mixture,the conventional polyester fiber asphalt mixture,the reclaimed polyester fiber asphalt mixture were studied. Through the high temperature performance of asphalt mixture,water stability and fatigue performance test,the pavement performance were compared with the conventional polyester fiber and reclaimed polyester fiber asphalt mixture. The results showed that two kinds of polyester fibercould improved the road performance of asphalt mixture,especially improved the high temperature properties and fatigue properties obviously.


Simple Summary Cardiac biomarkers have proved increasingly useful in the various branches of cardiology, not sparing the field of cardio-oncology. With specific reference to the latter subject, they have been investigated as predictors and/or diagnostic and monitoring tools, as well as prognostic factors, with the purpose of allowing the early prevention of many cardiovascular complications related to the direct action of some cancer types or related to the toxicity of its treatments. However, despite this great potential and excellent cost-effectiveness, their usefulness in some areas still seems to be limited due to lack of sufficient specificity or sensitivity. In fact, in clinical practice, while their use is nowadays standard in some circumstances, evidence does not yet support their routine use in other cases. Abstract In patients with cancer—and especially some specific subtypes—the heart can be pathologically affected due to the direct action of the tumor or its secretion products or due to the toxicity of some oncological treatments. Cardiac biomarkers have been investigated as inexpensive and easily accessible tools for prediction, early diagnosis, monitoring, or prognosis of various forms of cancer-related cardiac diseases. However, their clinical usefulness was not always clearly demonstrated in every area of cardioncology. For the identification of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity in the very early stages troponins proved to be more efficient detectors than imaging methods. Nevertheless, the lack of a standardized dosage methodology and of cardiotoxicity specific thresholds, do not yet allow to outline the precise way to employ them in clinical routine and to incorporate them into appropriate diagnostic or managing algorithms. Cardiac biomarkers proved also effective in patients with primary cardiac amyloidosis, in which both troponins and natriuretic peptides were able to predict adverse outcome, and carcinoid heart disease, where a precise diagnostic cut-off for N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was identified to screen patients with valvular involvement. Likewise, NT-proBNP proved to be an excellent predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). On the contrary, evidence is still not sufficient to promote the routine use of cardiac biomarkers to early diagnose myocarditis due to immune check points inhibitors (ICIs), radiotherapy induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac complications related to androgenetic deprivation. In this review we present all the evidence gathered so far regarding the usefulness and limitations of these relatively inexpensive diagnostic tools in the field of cardio-oncology.


The present paper deals with the inhibition of the specific activity of the acid and alkaline phosphatases in the kidney tissue of mudskipper Boleophthalmus dentatus, exposed to different sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride. There was a more or less linear inhibition of the specific activity of both the enzymes with increasing concentration of mercuric chloride as well as exposure time. The inhibition of acid phosphatase could be due to the rupture of lysosomal membrane in the presence of mercury compound, which acts as a labilizing agent. The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase probably caused a breakdown of the membrane transport system.


We studied the effects of the growth rate of a GaN buffer layer grown on a GaN epilayer. It was found that this growth rate plays a key role in improving the quality of the GaN film on a sapphire substrate and an optimum growth rate exists that yields the best crystal quality. A GaN film grown on a buffer layer with the optimum growth rate of 18.3 nm/min has an electron Hall mobility of 539 cm2/V s and a dislocation density of approximately 2×108 cm−2. These improvements of GaN film qualities are illustrated by the promotion of the lateral growth mode.


Written for a broad readership, the book takes an authoritative look at Conservative party policy and practice in the modern era. Its time-defined content and broad historical thread make it a valuable resource for academics and students in social policy and politics as well as social history.


Abstract This paper presents the results of a research program to study the effects of metallurgical variables, ethanol-gasoline blends, dissolved oxygen, and inhibitors on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in ethanol. The study utilized both slow strain rate (SSR) and fatigue precracked compact tension (CT) tests to characterize the effect of metallurgical and environmental variables on SCC. Metallurgical factors, including steel grade within a range of pipeline grades, welds, and heat-affected zone, do not appear to have a significant effect on the degree or rate of SCC. In terms of environmental factors, it is shown that SCC does not occur even in a fully aerated condition if the ethanol-gasoline blends contain less than approximately 15 vol% ethanol; SCC susceptibility and crack growth rate are higher in 50 vol% ethanol gasoline blend (E-50) than in either lower or higher ethanol concentration blends; oxygen scavenging can be an effective method to prevent SCC; water content above 4....


In the article value of the concept «azure» in I. Annensky's dramatic art is considered. The symbolist poetics of the play «Famira-kifared» corresponds to a choice of a genre and drama scenography.


With the rapid development of wireless technologies, the demand for radio spectrum is ever increasing. Along with the spectrum scarcity problem, radio spectrums are also under utilized. Cognitive radio practices an open spectrum allocation technique, which can make sure efficient handling of the frequency bands. Suitable network is a must for the implementation of cognitive radio networks. This paper presents a novel node-joining algorithm for spectrum aware cluster-based cognitive radio ad-hoc network architecture. The spectrum aware architecture splits the network into groups of clusters where the spatial variations of spectrum availability are considered for clustering. Set of free common channels resides every cluster for smooth shifting among control channels. To maintain the integrity of the clustering method, node-joining protocol is developed. Conclusively, simulation is conducted and the result is presented to evaluate the performance of the protocol.


Two current Stanford Yacht Research projects are presented, both related to the analysis and design of upwind sails, and part of a larger research effort to develop efficient and robust sail and hull shape optimisation methods. First, we discuss the in-house development of a methodology to predict and improve the flying shape and forces on America's Cup sails. We adapted and parallelized a 3D unstructured incompressible Euler solver developed by Jameson and colleagues. The computed pressure loading is transferred to the structural package NASTRAN, which computes the deflected shape of the sail. The mesh is displaced accordingly, and a new pressure loading is computed. This process is repeated until convergence. The computed lift and induced drag for a main sail with elliptic planform compares well with results from lifting surface theories. The flow solver is more efficient than commercial solvers and highly suitable for the computationally intense viscous sail flow calculations. Second, we present a sail shape optimisation method, which combines the commercial CFD package FLUENT with gradient-based cost function minimisation. Results are presented for the optimisation of sheeting angles for the rig of a three masted clipper yacht. We investigate two cost functions, both characteristic of a sail's aerodynamic performance: the reciprocals of the driving force coefficient and the ratio of driving to heeling force coefficients. Comparing results for upwind and close reaching apparent wind angles shows that the latter leads to well trimmed sails, whereas the former causes the sails to be over trimmed, which is as expected. 1 Doctoral Candidate, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University 2 Doctoral Candidate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University 3 Assistant Professor, Stanford Yacht Research (http://syr.stanford.edu), Stanford University 4 Research Associate, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University 5 Thomas V. Jones Professor of Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University


As offshoring is becoming mainstream, companies are moving towards using agile methods. Offshoring has many advantages such as reduced development cost, proximity to market and round the clock development, it has created new challenges for the application of agile practices as the teams are now distributed. Companies are adapting and modifying agile practices in order to overcome these challenges. However, little effort has been put into identifying common practices, which are being repeatedly, used to solve frequent problems in offshore development. In this research, we have studied from literature over 200 cases and have interviewed professionals participating in distributed offshore teams. Based on the observations, we have designed a solution known as Distributed Agile Patterns, which will address the common issues in offshoring scenario. Fifteen distributed agile patterns have been identified and classified into four categories based on the type of problem they solve. A reflection workshop was conducted where professionals were invited to review the pattern catalogue and help us verify and validate the catalogue. Based on their feedback, the catalogue was finalised. The purpose of the catalogue is to serve as a guideline for practitioners to use to aid them in adoption of agile practices in offshoring.


The story of Samuel forms an integral part of the Hebrew saga, marking the transition from the period of Judges to the Israelite monarchy. Book I of Samuel is unusual in that it portrays the birth, death and major episodes of the prophet's life. In fact, Samuel, along with Moses and Jeremiah, is one of the few characters whose full life history is documented in the Biblical text: we not only have the significant events which lead up to his birth, but he makes an appearance again after his death. Given this detail , the purpose of this study is to investigate whether a re-reading of the character of Samuel through a psychological model can throw fresh insights on how the Israelites effected the transition from a theocracy to a monarchy. The choice of Erikson is motivated by two considerations. In the first, Erikson extended the boundaries of Freudian psychoanalysis by describing both normal as well as abnormal development. His ego-psychology, with its eight-stage developmental plan, its theses and antitheses, is particularly suitable in the case of Samuel, whose life-cycle for the most part can be viewed as problematic, a series of crises. In the second, though he wrote prolifically on numerous leading historical figures and literary characters, Erikson himself never analysed a Biblical figure. This work is, however, not confined to a psychological typification of the character of Samuel. It is intended to be an interdisciplinary study: it deals with the text as an integrated literary unit and relies on the insights of classical Biblical scholarship to support many of its conclusions.


The typical CIGS device structure employs a molybdenum back contact and a CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al emitter structure. In this work the undoped ZnO is replaced with amorphous zinc-tin oxide alloys (ZTO). Varying composition and deposition method of the ZTO can provide a wide range of band gap (3.3-3.9eV) and work function (4.3-5.2eV), while remaining amorphous. The flexibility of the ZTO provides the opportunity to tune the bands to optimize band-edge and Fermi level alignment. Devices demonstrated to date with ZTO alloy composition have yielded a maximum efficiency of 11.9% with an average of 11.3%, which is very similar to comparable devices with undoped ZnO that have a maximum efficiency of 12.0% with an average of 11.3%. On going optimization may further improve the results.


Abstract In common with observations by Sun on Ni3Ga, antiphase-boundary (APB) tubes in Fe3Ge show contrast in fundamental reflections. A model for the strain field of the APB tube based on 'supplementary displacements' across the APBs show good quantitative agreement with experiment.


In this study, making 「the Wave of Time」and 「the Prison of Mind」 which show wide variation in interpretation among Kim Won-il's works an object of study, I intend to draw Kim Won-il's sense of author by accepting Wayne. C. Booth's 'implied author' concept and examining mutual dynamic relation among author, narrator and reader. These two works are important in that they show the critical mind of the 4?19 generation passing through a social turning point of the late 1980s. In 「the Wave of Time」, author effectively criticizes his generation objectifying it by adjusting the distance between implied author and narrator. Implied author causes itself to get exposed by almost giving narrator the power of narration and has a distant view of narrator. As narrator exposes itself, the petit bourgeois of the capitalism of humble birth becomes an object of criticism. In this work, supporting dramatized narrator, author objectifies hard fact of the late 80s calmly. The charm in this study is that we can catch a narrator to become changed to 'unreliable narrator' keeping the distance from implied author. 「the Prison of Mind」 falls within pseudo-autobiography in that author's family history is transformed in this story. That's why the voice of narrator "I" is that of author and the narration goes on by 'reliable narrator' corresponding to implied author's norm. Author shows the 4ㆍ19 generation's consciousness variation by adjusting the distance between narrator and characters. The away or the near reveals itself through sympathy, identification, or contempt. Narrator "I" always has self-consciousness of 'middle class-wobbler intellectual' comparing himself to his little brother who loses his life attempting to realize Jesus' love. But "I" tries to tell himself from his fellow who together attended 4?19 parade putting arms around each other's shoulders but now shows his humble petit bourgeois behavior showing a sharp contempt to him. I think, however, the core of the sense of author unchanged in any situation is important. In the core of his sense of author, a generation having experienced war, hunger, and the grief of separation, the sense of safeguard intending to protect family community occupies a position as an instinct. It is made up at a point where the practice of ideology isn't related to and an illusion produced by pure passion for reviving humanity. Kim Won-il delivers such his own norm to readers supporting 'reliable narrator'. By analyzing these two works, what I can find is the author's message that there always be problems with people which can't be solved in the area of choosing ideology. Although the diagnosis on the hard fact of the late 80s is similar to others, the solution of Kim Won-il has no choice but to maintain a distance from that of 80s' young generation.


With a rapid increasing demand for copper year by year,there is growing concern about recycling and reuse of scrap copper in the industry.In this article,the development situation of copper scrap is analyzed in terms of scale and distribution,enterprise structure,levels of process equipment and import export trade.It's pointed out the main problems in copper scrap recycling and reuse.The countermeasures to the development of copper recycling are put forward.


Quality was defined in the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 8402-1986 standard as "the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs," which slightly changed in ISO updates. However, regarding quality in statistics, "stated or implied needs" are mainly identified by considering several quality dimensions, criteria, or components for the collection, processing, and dissemination of statistical information for the public (see, for example, Eurostat, 2002a, 2002b; Office of Management and Budget [OMB], 2002; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2003; Statistics Canada, 2003; Statistics Finland, 2002). Statistics disseminated by national public administrations (PAs) aim at monitoring the economic and social development of their country and analyzing the current state of the economy and trends with as much accuracy, timeliness, and comparability as possible. This attempt is affected by certain constraints, some of which are as follows.


Diagnosing blood‐borne virus (BBV) infection is an essential first step in eliminating transmission and securing access to treatment amongst substance misusers.


This paper implements SCM(Spatial Channel Model), a kind of ray-tracing method which has characteristics similar to realistic wave propagation environments, for link-level performance analysis of OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based multiple antenna systems. The SCM is proposed by 3GPP & 3GPP2 Spatial Channel AHG(Ad-hoc Group) for system-level performance validation. In this paper, we modify the system level parameters and channel coefficient of SCM to compare the link-level performances of OFDM based multiple antenna systems. Through computer simulations, we manifest the implemented SCM channel characteristics. We analyze a realistic link-level performance of OFDM based conventional MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) system and smart antenna system in the implemented channel. We also include the link-level performance of OFDM based multiple antenna systems in I-METRA(Intelligent Multi Element Transmit and Receive Antenna) and independent channel environments with the same system parameters. We suggest appropriate multiple antenna system in the given environment by comparing the link-level performance in the spatial channels that have different channel correlation values.


Exercise training decreases abdominal fat in an intensity-dependent manner. The fat loss effect of exercise has been intuitively thought to result from increased fat burning during and after exercise, defined by conversion of fatty acid into carbon dioxide in consumption of oxygen. Nevertheless, increasing exercise intensity decreases oxidation of fatty acids derived from adipose tissue despite elevated lipolysis. The unchanged 24-h fatty acid oxidation during and after exercise does not provide support to the causality between fat burning and fat loss. In this review, alternative perspectives to explain the fat loss outcome are discussed. In brief, carbon and nitrogen redistribution to challenged tissues (muscle and lungs) for fuel replenishment and cell regeneration against abdominal adipose tissue seems to be the fundamental mechanism underlying the intensity-dependent fat loss effect of exercise. The magnitude of lipolysis (fatty acid release from adipocytes) and the amount of post-meal carbon and nitrogen returning to abdominal adipose tissue determines the final fat tissue mass. Therefore, meal arrangement at the time when muscle has the greatest reconstruction demand for carbon and nitrogen could decrease abdominal fat accumulation while increasing muscle mass and tissue repair. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Exercise decreases abdominal fat mass, especially at high intensity. This outcome is not causally associated with fat burning, but better explained by carbon and nitrogen redistribution. Since abdominal fat tissue constantly releases fatty acids into circulation under post-absorptive condition with natural cell deaths, exercise diverts more post-meal carbon and nitrogen to muscle for energy repletion and cell regeneration after phagocytosis and stem cell homing. This in turn leads to concurrent fat mass loss and muscle mass gain. Respiratory ventilation during high-intensity aerobic exercise amplifies the competition for post-meal carbon and nitrogen against adipose tissues.


A series of novel benzimidazolium salts (1–4) and their pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [PdCl2(NHC)(Py)] (5–8), where NHC = 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-alkylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene and Py = 3-chloropyridine, were synthesized and characterized by means of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, UV–vis (for 5–8), ESI-FTICR-MS (for 2, 4, 6–8) and FTIR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (for 1–8) and arylation (for 5–8) reactions. As catalysts, they demonstrated a highly efficient route for the formation of asymmetric biaryl compounds even though they were used in very low loading. For example, all compounds displayed good catalytic activity for the C–C bond formation of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid with 4-chlorotoluene.


In the title compound, C24H19FN2O2S, the dihedral angle between the fluorophenyl and thiazole rings is 12.8 (1)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming C(11) chains propagating along [001]. In addition, C—H⋯O interactions are observed in this structure, forming C(10) chains propagating along [001].


Flavor oscillations by itself and its coupling with chiral oscillations and/or spin‐flipping are the most relevant quantum phenomena of neutrino physics. This report deals with the quantum theory of flavor oscillations in vacuum, extended to fermionic particles in the several subtle aspects of the first quantization and second quantization theories. At first, the basic controversies regarding quantum‐mechanical derivations of the flavor conversion formulas are reviewed based on the internal wave packet (IWP) framework. In this scenario, the use of the Dirac equation is required for a satisfactory evolution of fermionic mass‐eigenstates since in the standard treatment of oscillations the mass‐eigenstates are implicitly assumed to be scalars and, consequently, the spinorial form of neutrino wave functions is not included in the calculations. Within first quantized theories, besides flavor oscillations, chiral oscillations automatically appear when we set the dynamic equations for a fermionic Dirac‐type particle. It is also observed that there is no constraint between chiral oscillations, when it takes place in vacuum, and the process of spin‐flipping related to the helicity quantum number, which does not take place in vacuum. The left‐handed chiral nature of created and detected neutrinos can be implemented in the first quantized Dirac theory in presence of mixing; the probability loss due to the changing of initially left‐handed neutrinos to the undetected right‐handed neutrinos can be obtained in analytic form. These modifications introduce correction factors proportional to mν2/Eν2 that are very difficult to be quantified by the current phenomenological analysis. All these effects can also be identified when the non‐minimal coupling with an external (electro)magnetic field in the neutrino interacting Lagrangian is taken into account. In the context of a causal relativistic theory of a free particle, one of the two effects should be present in flavor oscillations: (a) rapid oscillations or (b) initial flavor violation. Concerning second quantized approaches, a simple second quantized treatment exhibits a tiny but inevitable initial flavor violation without the possibility of rapid oscillations. Such effect is a consequence of an intrinsically indefinite but approximately well defined neutrino flavor. Within a realistic calculation in pion decay, including the quantum field treatment of the creation process with finite decay width, it is possible to quantify such violation. The violation effects are shown to be much larger than loop induced lepton flavor violation processes, already present in the standard model in the presence of massive neutrinos with mixing. For the implicitly assumed fermionic nature of the Dirac theory, the conclusions of this report lead to lessons concerning flavor mixing, chiral oscillations, interference between positive and negative frequency components of Dirac equation solutions, and the field formulation of quantum oscillations.


The dissociation of the OsO4 molecule in a two-frequency infrared laser field has been investigated. A twentyfold increase in the dissociation rate was obtained when the dissociation frequency was shifted to the "red" side of the linear absorption spectrum of OsO4. Osmium isotope separation was carried out by this two-frequency method. Optimal conditions for a scalable isotope separation process have been formulated.


Background: Clinical relevance of integrated care model in COPD is still a matter of controversy. Aim: The aim of the study was to asses if integrated care improve course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: The study was conducted in the group of 21 patients with advanced COPD subjected to integrated care (IC) program. Comparison between 6 months period of standard care (before) and 6 months of IC in relation to the number of exacerbations and emergency visits was performed. Results: In six months period of standard care before including patients in PMICPC 21 had severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization and 14 emergency visits were observed. In comparison, after 6 months of IC these results were 13 and 10, respectively. Calculated number need to treed (NNT) to avoid one severe exacerbation in 6 months period equals 2,6. Conclusion: IC seems to be an effective option for advanced COPD patient to improve the course of the disease. Project was supported by Novartis and Town Council Gdansk grants.


The enhancement of planar radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled argon plasma is studied in the presence of an assistant anode and an external magnetic field at low pressure. The influence of the assistant anode and magnetic field on the efficiency of RF power absorption and plasma parameters is investigated. An external axial magnetic field is coupled into the plasma discharge region by an external electromagnetic coil outside the discharge chamber and an assistant cylindrical anode is inserted into the discharge chamber to enhance the plasma discharge. The plasma parameters and density profile are measured by an electrostatic Langmuir probe at different magnetic fields and anode voltages. The RF power absorption by the plasma can be effectively enhanced by the external magnetic field compared with the nonmagnetized discharge. The plasma density can be further increased by the application of a voltage to the assistant anode. Owing to the effective power absorption and enhanced plasma discharge by the a...


This article investigates a neurodynamic formation maneuvering control problem with guaranteed performances for networked uncertain quadrotors. A modified prescribed performance control (MPPC) with asymmetric behavior boundaries is proposed to enable a better regulation ability for formation synchronization error without any overshoots, and the requirement on obtaining the precise value of initial error can be removed compared with the existing PPC. To deal with uncertainties appearing in individual quadrotors, a state estimator-based minimal learning parameter (SE-MLP) observer capable of reducing online computational burden without offline training is developed, such that a chattering-free transient learning process against disturbances can be ensured. Additionally, by introducing a high-order sliding mode (HOSM) differentiator to replace the linear filter in recursive back-stepping design, fast and accurate time-derivatives of virtual control signals can be generated to further improve the control performance. By fusion of MPPC, SE-MLP, HOSM as well as Lyapunov stability analysis, an enhanced neural guaranteed performance formation maneuvering control scheme for networked uncertain quadrotors is obtained such that position consensus without any overshoots can be achieved. Simulation results are offered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


were obtained by suitable dilutions. Solutions of diverse metal ions and anions were prepared in deionized water or dilute acid for the interference studies. 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-propionyl -4H-chromen-4-one (HMPC) was synthesized by literature method 6 and dissolved in ethanol to give 0.1% (w/v) solution. Flue dust and steel samples were prepared as reported earlier 2 • A UV -visible spectrophotometer (Systronics-118) with 1 em matched cells was used for absorbance measurements.


We present in this article a lipreading system implementing spiking neurons (STANs). A new preprocessing is proposed in order to reduce as much as possible the learning phase of the system. This training is done in one pass: the user pronounces once all of the words of the dictionary


Objective To establish a method to determine the content of protocatechuic acid in Scutellaria barbara.Methods The sample was extracted with 30% EtOH under reflux,and then the extract solution was filtered.RP-HPLC was used for the determination of protocatechuic acid in Scutellaria barbata.The chromatographic procedure was carried out using DiamonsilTM C18 as an analytic column and a mixture of 25 volume of methanol,75 volume of 0.05% phosphoric acid as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 258 nm.Results The peak of protocatechuic acid appeared for about 7 minutes.Resolution of protocatechuic acid was more than 1.5 and its linear range was between 0.018 and 0.184 μg(r=0.999 8).The minimum limit of detection was 3 ng.The average recovery and RSD value of protocatechuic acid were 99.7% and 0.27%,respectively.Conclusion This method is sensitive and quick and can be used for the quality control of Scutellaria barbara.


Microsatellites are among the most informative and popular class of molecular markers for assessment of genetic diversity both in animals and plants. For reliable inference of results, however, optimization of various conditions involved is a pre-requisite. The present study was carried out to optimize conditions for assessment of genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using microsatellite markers. Parameters optimized for 14 SSR markers included template DNA concentration, simple and hot-start PCR, primer and MgCl2 concentration and polyacrylamide gel conditions for fine resolution of amplicons. Two PCR profiles, each for a set of 7 markers, differing in primer annealing temperatures were used. An optimal template DNA concentration with consistent results was found to be 50ng for 25µL reaction volume, while no results were observed with 500ng template DNA for 25μL reaction volume. Hot-start PCR gave better results than simple PCR. Optimal concentrations for primers and MgCl2 were 0.20μM and 2mM, respectively. Out of various combinations of polyacrylamide gel used in optimization, the best resolution of bands for 20cm x 1.5mm vertical gel was obtained for 10% gel from 20% (19:1 ratio of acrylamide: bis-acrylamide) stock solution, ½ X TBE (45mM Tris, 45mM Borate, 1.25mM EDTA) in gel as well as in running buffer at 100V of constant power supply for 3-4 hours depending upon sizes of amplicons.


The growth and development of all the microorganisms depend on a set of environmental and nutritional factors. Out of these pH and temperature are the most impotant. All the media and substrates upon which fungi grow in nature show the presence of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. The pH of the medium has a remarkable effect on the rate of growth, sporulation, pigmentation and many other metabolic activities of an organism. R a p e r et al. (1953) reported that the pH of the culture medium influences the uptake of sugars from the medium. C o c h r a n e (1958) observed that most fungi, with few exceptions, grow best on media with an initial pH of 5.0 to 6.5. W o l f and W o l f (1947) stated that the growth of many fungi stops at 0° and only a few fungi are active at 42° C, whereas the optimum temperature lies somewhere between these two. So far there is no report regarding the effect of pH and temperature on the three mutants: albino, buff and tan of Aspergillus clavatus Desm. The present work was undertaken with a view to study the difference in pH and temperature requirements on the growth of these three mutants of A. clavatus.


T uberculosis rates in the United States are at an all-time low, which is good news for public health. However, as clinicians see fewer cases of tuberculosis, their skill at making this diagnosis rapidly diminishes. In 2012, for the first time, fewer than 10,000 tuberculosis cases were reported in the United States to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),1 for a case rate of 3.2 per 100,000. This is in sharp contrast to the worldwide burden of tuberculosis: the World Health Organization2 estimated that there were 8.6 million new cases of tuberculosis in 2012. As a result of travel and immigration, clinicians in the United States will continue to see sporadic cases of active tuberculosis in their hospitals and clinics. This review describes the clinical and radiographic clues to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, discusses the use and discontinuation of respiratory isolation, and reviews the use of new diagnostic technologies.


Viral C hepatitis is an important problem of health in our period, which is referred to as chronic whenever the patients still have clinical symptoms or abnormal hepatic functional test six months after the onset of the disease. Hepatic biopsy is necessary to determinate the main forms of hepatitis, but noninvazive tests may also be used.


. The orange spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) is a new quarantine pest in the territory of the Republic of Croatia that can cause significant problems in citrus production. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pest on the pomological and physicochemical characteristics of fruits and mineral composition of Unshiu leaves. The research was conducted in the private orchard of Unshiu 'Owari'. Heavy pest infestation was found in the plantations, which usually colonises the underside of the leaves. By sucking the plant sap, pests secrete abundant honeydew, which is inhabited by sooty fungi, and ultimately leads to reduced respiration and photosynthesis of the plant. Pest infestation significantly affected fruit pomological (weight, fruit height and width) and physiochemical properties (total acids, soluble dry matter, vitamin C and total phenols). Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference between the studied characteristics of uninfested and infested fruits. It is an economically important pest that represents a major phytosanitary risk for agricultural production in Croatia, especially for citrus fruits, considering that citrus fruits represent the main fruit and export crop in Croatia. Continuous pest monitoring and agro technical and chemical measures attempts are being made to prevent its further spread to non-infested areas.


This paper concerns about the identification method to find a parameter's values of the system that doesn't reduced system's order. The MBS(Magnetic Bearing System) is selected first as the plant to identify. And the circuit of the linear current amplifier is designed by RCGA(Real Coded Genetic Algorithm). After that, the PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) controller is selected by the try and error method. Because of the MBS is unstable essentially, the PID controller is necessary to stabilize the system. And the mathematical model is calculated that includes the PID controller and the actuator. Finally, a parameter's values of the MBS are identified with the RCGA between the response of the mathematical model and the data of experiments.


By applying theories of Fuzzy sets,proposal is offered of an analytic method of Fuzzy inversion of negative friction on shafts through de watered subsiding grounds.In the method,consideration is given of the fuzziness,that is,uncertainty and inaccuracy of the negative friction on the shaft in question.Demonstration is made of arithmetic examples and Fuzzy analysis is conducted of the results as to the degree of membership,coefficient of sensitivity and weight factor of contribution.


The female patient was diagnosed as having Von Gierke's disease at 14 years of age, based on clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and liver biopsy. At 19 years of age she had uremia and died from its deterioration at 24 years of age. The parents were consanguineous, and a 27‐year‐old sister is presently hospitalized for renal Insufficiency with hepatomegaly. On autopsy, the patient's kidneys were highly contracted and contained a number of small cysts, mainly in the medulla. Histological examination indicated periglomerular fibrosis, glomerular hyalinization, tubular atrophy or cystic dilatation and intersitial fibrosis with round cell infiltration. These findings correspond to Fanconi's familial juvenile nephronophthlsis, except for age. The liver was markedly enlarged and Indicated severe glycogen deposits, but the kidney did not contain glycogen deposits. It can, therefore, be presumed that the renal lesions were not a secondary consequence of long‐term glycogen deposits but that renal and hepatic lesions were associated with each other.


Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of bronchoscopy with protected brush catheter (PBC) and BAL for patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Ten tertiary care ICUs in Canada. Patients Ninety-two mechanically ventilated patients with a clinical suspicion of VAP who underwent bronchoscopy were compared with 49 patients with a clinical suspicion of pneumonia who did not. Interventions None. Measurements and results We compared antibiotic use, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and mortality. In addition, for patients who received bronchoscopy, we administered a questionnaire (before and after bronchoscopy) to evaluate the effect of PBC or BAL on (1) physician perception of the probability of VAP, (2) physician confidence in the diagnosis of VAP, and (3) changes to antibiotic management. After bronchoscopy results became available, from the physician's perspective, the diagnosis of VAP was deemed much less likely (p Conclusions Invasive diagnostic testing may increase physician confidence in the diagnosis and management of VAP and allows for greater ability to limit or discontinue antibiotic treatment. Whether performing PBC or BAL affects clinically important outcomes requires further study.


Vitamin C plays is a cofactor for enzymes involved in many processes and has effects that are important for cancer transformation, such as antioxidant defense, transcription, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.Angiogenesis is a normal process required for normal tissue repair and growth. Pathological angiogenesis is characterized by the persistent proliferation of endothelial cells and formation of blood vessels.The current study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid on angiogenesis by investigating the expression of genes related to angiogenesis after treatment with different doses of ascorbic acid. By changing the concentration and administration time of ascorbic acid, a positive effect on the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the group injected with ascorbic acid prior to having cancer cells injected into the abdominal cavity .


Previous studies showed that intermittent hypoxia (IH) augments carotid body response to hypoxia, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not known. We recently reported that carotid body glomus cells express α1H subunit of Cav 3.2 T‐type Ca2+ channels, which contribute to hypoxia‐evoked Ca2+ influx. In the present study we examined the role of Cav 3.2 in glomus cell responses to IH. Carotid bodies from IH exposed rats exhibited 3 fold increase in α1H mRNA as compared with control rats reared under normoxia. IH exposed glomus cells exhibited augmented [Ca2+]i response to acute hypoxia. TTA‐A2 (25 µM), a selective blocker of T‐type Ca2+ channels, attenuated hypoxia‐evoked [Ca2+]i elevation in by ~45% in controls and by ~80% in IH‐exposed glomus cells. The IH‐evoked augmented [Ca2+]i responses to acute hypoxia was absent in α1H null glomus cells. These results demonstrate that Cav 3.2 T‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to IH‐induced augmented [Ca2+]i responses in glomus cells. Supported by NIH HL‐90554.


Quality of Service, a significant factor of customer value attracts attention from generalenterprises as well as public institutions in the aspects that it provides useful information in valuingcustomer satisfaction, evaluates the level of service, through excellent service quality managementand ultimately, a dominant position can be held in the competitive environment. For that reason, this study attempted to perform a positive study on how the range of theservice orientation and quality of policy service is composed of, what relationship among serviceorientation, organizational effectiveness, quality. The analysis showed that importance of subcategories constituting the service orientation ofpolicy organization was high in order of service leadership, human resource management, servicesystem, customer service, customer treatment, employee empowerment. And a result of analyzingthe correlation between service orientation and service quality, it was found that the serviceorientation showed positive correlation significantly on the service quality. As a result of examining the correlation between service orientation and organizationaleffectiveness, it was analyzed that the service orientation showed positive correlation significantlyon the organizational effectiveness. The analysis showed that importance of subcategoriesconstituting the organizational effectiveness was high in order of job satisfaction and commitment. As a result of analyzing the correlation between organizational effectiveness and servicequality, it was found that the organizational effectiveness showed positive correlation significantly on the service quality. The analysis showed that importance of subcategories constituting the quality of policy service was high in order of reliability and consideration.


We use a heterodyne scanning nearfield optical microscope to measure the amplitude and phase of the nearfield around silicon photonic crystal waveguides. The obtained subwavelength-resolution images were used to analyze light propagation in the waveguides.


Multiscale object detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images can locate and recognize key objects in large-scene SAR images, and it is one of the key technologies in SAR image interpretation. However, for the simultaneous detection of SAR objects with large size differences, that is, cross-scale object detection, existing object detection methods are difficult to extract the features of cross-scale objects, and also difficult to realize cross-scale object simultaneous detection. In this study, we propose a multiscale object detection method based on the Feature-Transferable Pyramid Network (FTPN) for SAR images. In the feature extraction stage, the feature migration method is used to obtain an effective mosaic of the feature images of each layer and extract feature images with different scales. Simultaneously, the void convolution method is used to increase the receptive field of feature extraction and aid the network in extracting large object features. These steps can effectively preserve the features of objects of different sizes, to realize the simultaneous detection of cross-scale objects in SAR images. The experiments based on the GaoFen-3 SAR dataset, SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD), and high-resolution SSDD-2.0 show that the proposed method can detect cross-scale objects, such as airports and ships in SAR images, and the mean Average Precision (mAP) can reach 96.5% on the existing dataset, which is 8.1% higher than that of the characteristic pyramid network algorithm. Moreover, the overall performance of the proposed method is better than that of the latest YOLOv4 and other object detection algorithms.


This paper describes an experiment which aims to examine the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) building model compared with equivalent architectural plans, for direction finding purposes. The effectiveness issues being primarily investigated were task completion times and number of tasks completed overall. The experiment involved a series of tasks where participants had to find a number of locations/objects in a building unknown to them at the outset of the experiment. Statistically significant results are presented for the benefit of the research community, law enforcement officers and fire fighters where it is clear that in this context, the VRML model led to better task completions than the equivalent architectural plans. Regarding the task completion times, no statistical significance was found. This experiment is highly relevant to the research community, law enforcement officers and fire fighters. Given the current climate of security issues and terrorist threats, it is important that law enforcement officers have at their disposal the best information possible regarding the layout of a building, whilst keeping costs down. This also applies to fire fighters when rescuing victims. This experiment has shown that a VRML model leads to better task completions in direction finding.


TaW is identified from wheat,which belongs to ERF subfamily and contains one AP2/ERF domain.TaW was constructed to transgenic vector(pBI121::TaW) that contained CaMV35S promoter.Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Salt-tolerance and chlorophyll content of transgenic tobacco plants were investigated.Conditions on growth of T2 generation transgenic tobacco and wild type tobacco were observed.Results showed that overexpression of TaW promoted development of roots and growth of plants,and increased chlorophyll content under salt environments.Overexpression of TaW enhanced salt tolerance,which may be further explored in tobacco variety development.


In the process of development and production of oil and gas,with regard to non-flowing well,through the methods such as swabbing,pump drainage,gas lift and so on extruding the fluid out of borehole,this could reduce the fluid column pressure,make formation fluid flowing toward borehole and lift up to ground.It is widely used of GLV because of its safety and high efficiency in oilfield.Gas lift flowing back is a kind of normal gas production technology,which adapts both to auxiliary unloading and gas production in gas stringer and kinds of induced flow recovery production in drop production wells.Firstly,GLV's operating principle and types were introduced,calculation model of GLV's performance was built,and the technology of detection and debugging,and string structure of GLV flowing back were studied.The field application showed that this technology has a good economic and social benefit,and is guidance for gas lift flowing back.


Author(s): McNulty, John | Abstract: In 1949 the great political scientist V.O. Key averred regarding Southern politics, "In its grand outlines the politics of the South revolves around the position of the Negro….Whatever phase of the southern political process one seeks to understand, sooner or later the trail leads back to the Negro." The object of this paper is to review events and issues that have affected Southern politics since the formation of the New Deal coalition in 1932, in order to determine how the politics of the South have changed and how they have remained the same.


In this article I put forward a historical-literary typology of the gaucho rioplatense. I focuson two fundamental moments in the history of the gaucho: the first one, ranging from thelate 18th century (with the official historical-literary emergence of the gaucho) until the lastthird of the 19th century, with the disappearance of the legendary wandering gaucho bravodue to the ongoing modernization process. In the second moment the gaucho becomeseither a paid employee in the ranch, or a hunter outside the limits of the ranch, or a"compadrito". I will analyze the gaucho –in particular, the gaucho found in poetry- in hisparticular social environment which included diverse human races, an aspect which shapedhis personality.


I explained the faith of Abraham, who is known as the ancestor of all the believers in 8 items as shown. First, faith is going through a new way(faith as adventure). Second, faith is enduring in disadvantageous circumstances(faith as perseverance). Third, faith is conducting as usual in fear(faith as constancy). Fourth, faith is taking loss in this world(faith as sacrifice). Fifth, faith is hoping the best toward God(faith as hope). Sixth, faith is choosing God's word more than man's word(faith as of the word of God). Seventh, faith is obeying in spite of incomprehension (faith as obedience). Eighth, faith is losing even the gift of God to get God himself(faith as of only God). Abraham's faith grew from early stage on to higher stage. When God called Abraham, he started his believing life with adventurous decision. After that when he met material difficulties he learned perseverance, constancy and sacrifice. As such, he reached the stage of conquering the test of prosperity. After that he met some kind of tests relating his posterity, and through that course he reached the stage of perfection, that includes the best, the word of God, obedience and the only God. If we divide the life of Abraham into two stages, the former mainly concentrates on the subject of possession, while the latter does on the subject of future. Most largest subjects in the life relate present possession and future. Therefore Abraham's life of faith must be wonderful model for our life.


*Medical Toxicology Service, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri To The ediTor: Walczyk et al described a "probable" case of serotonin syndrome (SS), which they attributed to tapentadol overdose.1 However, they bolster their conclusion with a misread of the literature and a faulty use of the Naranjo score. First, the patient clearly had an opioid toxidrome (unconsciousness, mydriasis, respiratory depression, and brisk response to naloxone). The clinical description after the naloxone administration lacks a compelling description of SS, and the patient does not meet the Hunter criteria (named for a location and not a person).2 The tachycardia, hypertension, and agitation are not specific for SS. Opioid withdrawal is a more likely cause of his symptoms after naloxone reversal. The authors do not describe the tremor or hyperreflexia after mentioning them only once. The patient did not receive treatment tailored to SS, but instead he received aggressive sedation with 8 mg of lorazepam, 10 mg of haloperidol, and 50 mg of diphenhydramine. Second, assuming that he was experiencing SS, the co-ingestion of amitriptyline and duloxetine would have been sufficient to explain SS. It is impossible to conclude that tapentadol was the principal cause of SS, if it actually occurred. Third, the authors misrepresent the prior case cited to support SS caused by tapentadol. Franco et al described the postmortem findings of a 40-year-old man found dead 3 days after anyone last saw him alive.3 There were no observations to support SS. He had an apparent overdose of tapentadol 75 mg (21 tablets missing), escitalopram 20 mg (10 tablets missing), and amitriptyline 100 mg (4 tablets missing). His heart blood tapentadol concentration was 6,600 ng/mL (>20 times the upper limit of the therapeutic range [5-300 ng/mL]). Perhaps the only convincing published case of SS with tapentadol was a MedWatch case that involved venlafaxine.4 From this case, it is impossible to assign greater blame to tapentadol than to venlafaxine. Finally, the Naranjo score is not designed for proving a toxic effect.5 Naranjo and colleagues devised the checklist to reduce interobserver variability among pharmacists assessing suspected adverse drug reactions.6 However, Naranjo et al specfically excluded intentional or accidental poisoning and drug abuse.5,6 Even if it were useful in understanding the present case, the authors have calculated this incorrectly. We find that the maximum score is 1 (Table 1), which falls at the bottom the "possible" range. In summary, there is insufficient evidence to assert that SS occurred in this case and to blame tapentadol primarily for any observed symptoms.


Beliefs in overall trustworthiness and complexity of others were investigated in 121 adolescents (mean age 14.7 years) from schools in the Suva-Nausori area of Fiji. Using a 15-item version of Wrightsman's Children's Philosophies of Human Nature scale, it was shown ( p less than 0.01) that females had a higher level of belief in the trustworthiness of people. In a multicultural comparison, it was shown that Indo-Fijians and Europeans both had a higher level (p less than 0.001) of belief in the trustworthiness of people than Fijians. Europeans were shown (p less than 0.05) to see people in general as more complex in comparison with both the Fijian and Indo-Fijian groups.


Glutamate can be considered a 'Jekyll and Hyde' molecule that serves an essential role as neurotransmitter whilst having potentially damaging, neurotoxic effects. The neurotransmitter and neurotoxic properties of glutamate are partly mediated by AMPA receptors. Due to their ubiquitous distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), events occurring at the AMPA receptor can have profound consequences for CNS functioning. In this thesis, two AMPA receptor-mediated events were examined. Firstly, the neurotoxic potential of AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity was examined in white matter. Secondly, AMPA receptor potentiators, which enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission, were investigated. The role of AMPA receptors in mediating axonal damage in vivoWhite matter is vulnerable to injury in a variety of neurological disorders, however, comparatively less is known about the mechanisms of white matter injury compared to grey matter injury. In addition to their presence on neuronal perikarya, AMPA receptors are present on the cellular components of white matter. To determine if axons were vulnerable to AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in vivo, AMPA (2.5 or 25 nmol) or vehicle was injected into the subcortical white matter of rats. AMPA induced a dose dependent increase in axonal damage assessed with MAP 5 immunohistochemistry. In addition, AMPA induced myelin, oligodendroglial and neuronal damage. The AMPA-induced damage was attenuated by pre-treatment with the AMPA receptor antagonist SPD 502 (16mg/kg), but not with co-administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist (MK 801, 5nmol); suggesting that it occurs through AMPA-receptor mediated mechanisms. The role of AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in mediating axonal damage following focal cerebral ischaemia was also examined. In addition to protecting grey matter damage, pre-treatment with the AMPA receptor antagonist SPD 502 (16mg/kg) significantly reduced axonal damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Collectively, these data suggest a role for AMPA receptors in mediating both grey and white matter damage, and suggest that AMPA receptor antagonists are capable of salvaging multiple cellular elements required for the functioning of the CNS.


essays in the history of international trade theory is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the essays in the history of international trade theory is universally compatible with any devices to read.