The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism provides a sound conceptual basis for the development of quantitative models for quantum transport. The purpose of this talk is to present a simple intuitive discussion of the NEGF equations illustrating the basic physics.


Lightning related deaths can be hard to recognize in most circumstances, unless explicitly looked for, and impossible when the remains are fully skeletonized. There is a crucial need for this for forensic authorities in South Africa, where there is a high incidence of lightning deaths and a high rate of recovery of unidentified bodies in the skeletonized state. The effects of a 15 kA, 8/20 μs impulse current applied to a series of pig femurs was investigated as well as a comparison with a skeletal element from a giraffe struck by lightning. A distinct pattern of traumatization was observed and is described in detail. Further analysis and comparison to human results should be carried out and a method for accurately identifying lightning related fatalities should be created.


SIMWAS is an information system at the XYZ Ministry that is used to manage supervisory activities and follow up on supervisory results. SIMWAS is an important asset that contains all internal control business processes, but in practice, SIMWAS information security risks have not been managed properly. To overcome these problems, information security risk management is needed at SIMWAS. This study aims to design and analyze SIMWAS information security risk management using the NIST SP 800-30 framework. NIST SP 800-30 focuses on a particular infrastructure and its boundaries. Since the purpose is to perform a technical risk analysis of the core IT infrastructure, it is highly prescriptive. It has nine primary steps to conduct risk assessment. The NIST SP 800-30 framework is used to design and analyze SIMWAS information security risks by identifying threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, likelihoods, and recommendations for controls. SIMWAS information security risk assessment is carried out by analyzing data obtained from the results of interviews, observations, and document reviews. The results of this study show that SIMWAS information security has four low-level risks, eight moderate-level risks, and five high-level risks. Very low and low risk levels are acceptable according to the risk appetite of the business owner, but moderate, high, and very high-risk levels require risk avoidance, risk transfer and risk reduction. The XYZ Ministry need to carry out residual risk analysis and cost-benefit analysis from implementing controls in each risk scenarios.


1147 Lippes loop IUDs were fitted at 5 Family Planning Clinics in Lagos Nigeria run by the Family Planning Council of Nigeria from January 1965 to December 1966 in the hope that the IUD would prove an effective method of preventing pregnancy acceptable to husband and wife and safe to wear. Examination of patients included assessment of age parity and menstrual cycle and a bimanual pelvic examination. The cervix was wiped and uterine sound passed. The device was inserted with an introducer and the patient was informed how to feel for the device. Sterilization of the device and instruments was in iodine 1:2500. Insertion was made 6 weeks after delivery or miscarriage during a menstrual period at least 5 days before the estimated time of ovulation. 7 areas of contraindication and the management of complaints are listed. There was a pregnancy rate of .9%. The expulsion rate was 4%. The rate of removal was 10%: 4% due to bleeding and 6% due to desire for further pregnancies. There was a very low infection rate. For 90% this was a satisfactory method of contraception.


................................................................................................... i ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... vii LIST OF CHARTS ......................................................................................... viii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. The Background of the Study .............................................. 1 B. The Focus of the Study ....................................................... 4 C. The Question of the Study ................................................... 4 D. The Objective of the Study .................................................. 4 E. The Significance of the Study .............................................. 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Error and Error Analysis .................................................... 6 1. The Definition of Error ................................................ 6 2. The Types of Error.......................................... 7 3. The Definition of Error Analysis .................................. 10 4. The Stages of Error Analysis ....................................... 10 B. The Pronouns ...................................................................... 13 1. The Definition of Pronouns .......................................... 13 2. The Personal Pronouns .................................................. 14 C. The Previous Related Study .............................................. 16


A 71-year-old female presented with a perianal mass seen for the past 10 years, growing slowly over 12 months prior to presentation. Her past medical history included primary biliary cirrhosis, dyslipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and osteoporosis. A dermatological examination revealed a reddish exophytic nodular lesion approx. 30 × 25 mm in size in the perianal region at the 9 o'clock position (Fig. 1a). Aside from the perianal lesion, the anal canal was normal. A biopsy of the perianal region was performed, since the preliminary diagnosis was skin cancer, as squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. The tumor was composed of a proliferation of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading in the dermis, and a mild mucin deposition was noted around the tumor (Figs. 1b–1d). Histological findings revealed superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The patient was referred to another hospital for further treatment.


Reactions of syngas have been performed under pressure (6 MPa) on Co-Cu catalysts modified by Mo addition with yttria as support. When replacing the catalyst CoY by CoCuY, the production of alcohols was almost doubled with a little diminution of selectivity and chain growth. While MoOx was added onto the CoCuY, the conversion into both alcohols and hydrocarbons rose greatly. There was also some improvement in the selectivity of alcohols and the chain growth as well. When MoOx was added onto the CoY catalyst without the presence of copper, there was a little augmentation in the conversion for alcohols with a tripled conversion in hydrocarbons. So it is shown that the synergetic presence of Co, Cu and Mo was important (Table 1) in order to obtain good performance for the production and selectivity towards higher alcohols. Addition of MoOx onto CoCuY catalyst increases greatly the production of methanol and higher alcohols (C2 -C5). For example, at 280℃ the total alcohol formation is 175 g/kg cat/h including 45 wt% of higher alcohols (Table 5). TPR experiments indicate clearly the strong interaction between Co, Mo and Cu by an synergetic reduction effect for Mo/Co-CuY catalyst. The crystallographic phases of the catalyts and their changes after the syngas reaction under 6 MPa are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Little modification of the structure of the catalyst was observed after the addtion of MoOx onto the CoCuY catalyst (Figure 3A, 3B). But after the syngas reaction, some differences were obtained, there was a great amorphorisation effect of Y2O3 structure in the CoCuY sample (Figure 3C), and the structure of Y2O3 was almost unchanged in the sample Mo/CoCuY (Figure 3D). It means that the MoOx promoter stabilizes the catalytic structure by reducing the amorphorisation effect of the Y2O3 support.


Summary

32 adult males with symptoms and signs of chronic prostatitis have been treated by transurethral prostatectomy.

Preoperative localisation studies have failed to reveal any worthwhile correlation between the pus cell count of the prostatic secretions and the histological changes within the prostate. No viruses were isolated. The incidence of the pathogenic bacteria in the prostatic secretion and the prostatic tissue was increased with the severity of the histological changes.

Psychological assessment by questionnaire showed no greater neurotic tendency in the patient with chronic prostatitis than controls.

The serological autoimmune profiles of the patients with chronic prostatitis were very similar to those of patients from a putative autoimmune population and significantly different from controls, suggesting a possible autoimmune basis for the disease.

There was no mortality, no significant morbidity and within 3 months of the operation 72% of the patients were asymptomatic and 19 % improved. These results compare favourably with the results of transurethral prostatectomy for benign enlargement of the prostate. The difficulty of resecting all the inflammatory tissue from a prostate in the absence of benign hyperplasia is stressed and the value of 2 or 3 resections is emphasised.


The dynamic change of different component biomass of the cultivar Northland of Vaccinium was studied in the growth season by the harvesting method.The results were as followings,their biomass of one-year stems,perennial stems and leaves had been increasing in the growth season and at the end of the growth season,it decreased slightly.Its biomass of the rhizome and root decreased in the early days of growth season and increased from August to the end of the growth season.The total biomass reached the maximum in September was 410.1 g.The maximum value of absolute biomass growth rate was 4.276 g·d-1 in September.The maximum value of relative biomass growth rate was 0.020 g·g-1·d-1 in August.


Objective The aim of this study was to to evaluate the characteristics of UICC staging system,the Okuda staging system,the CLIP(cancer of the liver Italian program) staging system,the CUPI(Chinese university prognostic index) staging system in patients with moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer.Methods From 2000 to 2003,201 patients who were diagnosed with moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer at the first hospital affiliated to the medical college of Guangzhou were recruited prospectively into the study.Survival curves were plotted with the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using a log-rank test after patients were classified according to different staging systems.Results The the Okuda staging system,most of the CLIP staging system especially except Grade 4~5,the CUPI staging system were characterized with highly significant differences in survival during the whole period of follow-up(P 0.05) and were more discriminant than the other systems(TNM staging system,Child-pugh).Conclusions The Okuda staging system,the CUPI staging system were satisfactory,CLIP staging system elementarily satisfactory except TNM staging system,if using it in moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer for prognostic index.


Previously many properties of graphene oxide in the field of medicine, biological environment and in the field of energy have been studied. This diversity in properties is due to the possibility of modification on the composition of this Nano compound, where the Graphene oxide is capable of more modification via addition other functional groups on its surface or at the edges of the sheet. The reason for this modification possibility is that the Sp3 hybridization (tetrahedral structure) of the carbon atoms in graphene oxide, and it contains many oxygenic functional groups that are able to reac with other groups. In this research the effect of addition of some amine compounds on electrical properties of graphene oxide has been studied by the preparation of graphene oxide amino containing compound, which could be classified under Nano carbon compounds containing nitrogen (N-doped carbon nanomaterials). These amines are used as expanders for the distance between the layers of graphene oxide (spacers), and thus prevent agglomeration of graphene oxide layers in addition to enhanced electric properties of graphene oxide. The following amines (thiocarbohydrazide(TCH),o-phenylenediamine(oPD) and poly aniline(PAni)) were used for the preparation of the corresponding amino graphene oxide (GO-TCH, GO-containing Benzoimidazol & benzoxazole, and GO-PAni), and characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) ,infra red spectrum (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) , also the electrical properties of these materials were studied using inductance, capacitance, and resistance ( LCR) measurements.


In the era of sustainable development of smart cities, Remote Sensing and GIS is playing a key role in the development and transforming of ordinary cities into smart cities. One of the major objectives of this research work was for the people facing various problems related to improper drainage, sewer, storm water management thereby providing a better infrastructure for living. Here, in this study a storm water management layout plan was prepared using the techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS to mitigate the impact of flash rain as a result of climate change in a part of Aliganj, Lucknow. The results of this study will be beneficial for future urban planning and development of sustainable storm water management layout plan by the various governmental agencies.


In order to find factors affecting the achievement of national Olympic Games ,We give an accurate prediction the medals (gold medals and total medals) and final rank of the Olympic Games by constructing a Basic Prediction Model using publicly available data in order to account for the effect of the relation between historical scores and present scores. The data we can use for prediction is seldom thus we propose a Grey Prediction Model as our basic prediction model. In addition, corresponding to the Olympic results of the factors were analyzed one by one. The Research Background Since the first Olympic Games held in ancient Greece in April of 1894 , more and more countries and people have been keen on physical exercise and taken part in it. Olympic Games has successfully captured the world's attention. Different countries, whether developed or developing ones[1], almost all treat it as an important opportunity to show its own talent even comprehensive national power[2]. During Olympic Games duration, the rank of every country in Olympic Games has become a hot topic. Medias and authorities both at home and abroad were predicting the medals and rank of their own country and others. However, with the games' process, they found errors and adjusted their initial forecast unceasingly. The Basic Model Data Analysis. Before a new Olympic Games, we are able to attain previous scores. Because of the physical quality and sports investment ability of the same nation, there exists certain relation between scores of one country in different Olympic Games. Therefore, we develop a model to predict the scores and ranks in the premise of previous scores. Firstly, collecting the previous data we find out that 1996 is a turning point to majority of countries. As for most countries, due to all kinds of factors, they did not been entitled to participate in Olympic Games [3]. After 1996, however, scores of a country remain the same trend, which differ from 1996 ago. It may be explained by the fact that world shows a brand new face entering the 21st century. The economy develops dramatically all over the world. But the speed of development varies from country to country. Some countries lead and others develop slowly. It results in change to every country. In order to predict the scores and rank well and truly, we apply the data from 1996 to 2012 Olympic Games. In addition, we also note that the first 10 countries[4] in every Olympic Games remain constant. While other countries, ranked later, alter their own ranking over time. It results from both economic and political factors to a great extent. The first 10 countries ranked in 1996 to 2012 Olympic Games, US, UK, China, Russia, their comprehensive rank steadily in the world. Maybe this can explain its steady ranking. And small changes are allowed. But others such as developing countries still are developing greatly. So their ranking vary with their development dynamically. Moreover, a huge majority of developing countries are easily affected by changed developed countries and international political situation etc.. Description of the Basic Prediction Model. In this part, we should choose a suitable strategy of predicting rank and scores. There are many kinds of prediction methods, but different methods are suitable for different cases. So the data we can get is seldom and we lack basic data to predict future results. Fully considering those characters above, we establish a Grey Predict Model. 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering, volume 126


This paper presents an analysis of govern m nt policy to secure jobs in times of recession. In the Netherlands firms can choose to d issolve permanent worker contracts either through court or by requesting special permission f r m a public employment service. When permission is granted the firm is relieved from the obligation of severance pay. Severance pay lenience for firms in distress is a unique feature of the Dutch labor market. A simple theoretical equilibrium model is presented to study the policy's effects. The model predicts that as long as the wage elasticity of labor demand does not exceed the inverse of the replacement ratio a system of severance payment exe mption is less costly than the alternative of additional unemployment benefits. The likelihood that this condition holds increases when a firm is hit by a negative shock. A novel data set on individual dismissal cases for the period 2006-2009 identifies key differences in procedural durations and firing costs distributions between the two firing options. These differences r sult from the severance pay exemption policy and form the main reasons to explain the out standing performance compared to EU countries of the Dutch labor market during the past decade.


Adjuvant intravenous iron therapy potentiates epoetin beta treatment in anemic, non iron-depleted patients with lymphoproliferative disorders : Results of the NIFE study


The author briefly summarizes the prospects for extending the understanding of physics beyond the standard model within the next five years. He interprets ``beyond the standard model'' to mean the physics of electroweak symmetry breaking, including the standard model Higgs boson. The nature of this TeV-scale new physics is perhaps the most crucial question facing high-energy physics, but one should recall (neutrino oscillations) that there is ample evidence for interesting physics in the flavour section too. In the next five years, before the LHC starts operations, the facilities available will be LEP2, HERA and the Fermilab Tevatron. He devotes a bit more time to the Tevatron as it is a new initiative for United Kingdom institutions. The Tevatron schedule now calls for data taking in Run II, using two upgraded detectors, to begin on March 1, 2001, with 2 fb{sup {minus}1} accumulated in the first two years. A nine-month shutdown will follow, to allow new silicon detector layers to be installed, and then running will resume with a goal of accumulating 15 fb{sup {minus}1} (or more) by 2006.


Low size, weight, and power (SWaP) fixed-wing UAVs are used in many applications, including search and rescue, surveillance, and tracking. To carry out these operations efficiently, there is a need to develop scalable, decentralized autonomous UAV network architectures with high network connectivity. However, the area coverage and the network connectivity requirements exhibit a fundamental trade-off. In this paper, we design a connectivity-aware pheromone mobility model using a deep Q-learning policy (CAP-DQN). We use stigmergy-based digital pheromone maps along with distance-based local connectivity information to autonomously coordinate the UAV movements in order to improve its map coverage efficiency while maintaining high network connectivity. The DQN policy helps in tuning and improving the coverage and connectivity trade-off. The proposed model facilitates efficient coverage and strong inter-UAV connectivity in autonomous UAV networks.


The detailed analysis of chromatin structure has been enabled due to rapid development of chromosome conformation capture techniques. One of the most popular and widespread variations is high throughput conformation capture, or Hi-C, based on paired-end sequencing. Although a standard data analysis protocol exists to process Hi-C output, some results are still controversially interpreted, for example pairs of reads that are mapped to the same strand of the same restriction fragment. Here we propose the name "mirror reads" for these cases and investigate possible biological and methodological context of their emergence. We test multiple hypotheses of mirror reads origin, such as genome duplications, replication fork, cohesion of sister chromatids, and homologous chromosome pairing. The current work demonstrates the association of mirror reads with the presence of homologous chromosomes in the nuclei, and homologous pairing. The results support biological relevance of mirror reads.


The invention relates to a friction brake disk of a carbon-base double-speed electric-block and a preparation method thereof, aiming to provide the brake disk which has large brake moment, high shear strength, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, environmental protection and low noise. The preparation method has the advantages of simple technology, convenient manufacture and low cost. The invention has the technical scheme that the friction brake disk of the double-speed electric-block comprises an iron-base frame and a friction material layer which is attached to the brake surface of the iron-base frame, wherein the friction material layer comprises modified phenol-formaldehyde resin, aramid fiber, short carbon fiber, SACF mineral fiber, precipitated baryte, modified bauxite, metal sulfides, hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, metal fiber, nano calcium carbonate, stearic acid, vulcanization accelerator, medium-carbon frictional property modifier and melamine-cashew nut shell oil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing raw materials; (2) synthetically kneading the raw materials; (3) compression molding; (4) thermocuring; and (5) machining.


Due to the high-dimensional nature of hyperspectral images, dimensionality reduction techniques can improve image analysis by reducing memory requirements, making image processing techniques more efficient, and sometimes increasing the accuracy of the results. A wide variety of dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms have been proposed, ranging from linear transformations like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to more computationally intensive manifold learning algorithms such as Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). The best dimensionality reduction technique and the ideal dimensionality depend on the dataset and the image processing task under consideration. This paper compares various dimensionality reduction methods by evaluating the performance of image analysis tasks on available hyperspectral datasets with ground truth reference.


Perovskite quantum dots are emerging as new generation functional materials for display applications. The issue of perovskite "red wall" has been an obstacle for their use in display technology. In this study, the fabrication of γ‐RbxCs1–xPbI3 gradient‐alloyed quantum dots in polymeric matrix through a rational designed in situ fabrication process is reported. The formation of γ‐RbxCs1–xPbI3 gradient‐alloyed structure can be explained by considering the lattice mismatch and solubility difference between γ‐CsPbI3 and RbPbI3. The photoluminescence emission of γ‐RbxCs1–xPbI3 gradient‐alloyed quantum dots can be tuned from 675 to 620 nm with full width at half maximum of 31 nm and maximum quantum yields up to 91%. Importantly, the packaged films retained about 95% of its original photoluminescence intensity after 1000 h aging at the test conditions of 60 °C, 90% RH and 40 °C, 90% RH with 3 mW cm−2, 455 nm blue light irradiation, respectively. By integrating a red and green dual emissive film with blue Mini LEDs, a LCD backlight of a color space of ≈130% of NTSC 1931 standard is achieved with matching rate of 100%.


In today's digital world, exchange of information is been held electronically. Therefore there arises the great need for secure transmission of the concerned data. Various practices like cryptography, watermarking, compression etc. are common since past few years. All these techniques were proved to be excellent in their respective work regarding security. In this paper a new approach has been presented to provide security at enhanced level. Here the two techniques namely watermarking and compression are combined together to enhance the level of security for data transmission purpose. Here the watermarking using DCT technique is been combined with image compression technique using improved adaptive Huffman encoding. The improved adaptive Huffman coding technique is been based on Huffman algorithm. This new compression algorithm not only reduces the number of pass required to encode the data but at the same time reduces the storage space in comparison to adaptive Huffman and static Huffman respectively.


The diesel-powered vehicles of the German Federal Railroads are investigated by a specialized testing institute, the Research Center for Internal Combustion Engineering, under similarized service conditions on the route by means of test cars for their performances and the proper operation of their mechanical equipment, and the grade of their energy transforming efficiency is determined. The modern electronic testing methods are described and several test results are presented. An efficiency field diagram of a 1100 HP diesel locomotive, a temperature and pressure diagram recorded from a 3000 HP diesel, and a torsional vibration oscillogram recorded from the articulated shaft of a diesel, are shown.


In this research, immobilization of A. fumigatus α-amylase on chitin was studied with the main purpose to improve the characteristics of the enzyme. A series of experiments were carried out to study stability improvement, thermodynamic parameters, include ki, ΔGi, and t½, and reusability of the immobilized enzyme. The experimental results indicate that significant thermal stability was achieved, as indicates by the ability of the enzyme to retain its relative activity above 39% after 80 min of incubation at 60oC. Thermodynamic parameters, include ki, ΔGi, and t½, indicate that the immobilized enzyme is more rigid, stable, and less flexible in the water, resulting in increased stability up to 1.5 times compared to that of the native enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was able to retain over 46% of its initial activity after six consecutive applications for starch hydrolysis, confirming the potential of chitin for the production of immobilized enzymes on an industrial scale. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-06 Full Text: PDF


There are some culture differences in idioms,proverbs and their backgrounds between English and Chi- nese,which cause difficulties when doing translation work.This paper analyses such differences and difficulties. Measures to overcome the difficulties are put forward in order to achieve efficient translation.


The present invention is a practical, cost-effective, and truly describes a first implementation of the subcutaneous vein pattern biometric sensor contactless. Laser diode (LD) (203), as a pattern of the reflected radiation (213), when a conventional vein pattern infrared imager (102) is viewed, to provide a direct measurement of the target range, It illuminates the hand. Target range measurement described above is used to generate a visual or audible signal (110,104), this signal instructs the individual being scanned to place hand (101) in exactly the optimum range and, whereby the vein pattern will be in focus. Furthermore, to move the hand to the optimal horizontal registration or position with respect to the infrared imaging apparatus, it describes a system and apparatus for directing the individual being scanned.


Currently, the advancement in technology makes people like to be easier in managing their life. Nowadays they more rely on technology when doing anything such as finding information and make something that make their life easier, example voice starter car and others. This project focuses on the controlling of home appliances remotely when the user is away from the house. The system is Android based to revolutionize the standard of living. This project is divided into two sections: the hardware and the software sections. The hardware section consists of smart phones as the controlling device, the power supply module and the control module. By using the Wi-Fi module, which is allows an electronic device to exchange data or connects using microwaves radio. The transmitter of Wi-Fi transmits the data given by the application using radio waves technology. The Wi-Fi works on radio waves technology, as the data to be passed through Wi-Fi is converted into the electromagnetic signal which is then sent using the antenna. This signal is received and decoded by the router at the receiving end. This signal is passed to the controller and operates the received information and performs operations on the appliances, which are driven by the driver circuitry to operate any of the connected appliances, it forwards to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller decodes the message, switch on or switch off the appropriate appliance. Overall, the work employs software and the signals to produce this product. The overall project will be applied with a constructed work, tested working and perfectly functional.


This study focused on the effects of the treatments of stratification (constant temperature plus varying temperature) and gibberellin soaking (50,100,150 and 200mg/L) on the seed germination. The results showed that Compared with stratification under a constant temperature with 5℃, the time to start germination after the stratification with a varying temperature treatment (two temperature ranges were adjusted once every 30 days) was delayed. However, after the varying temperature stratification the germination rate was obviously higher than those after the stratification with a constant temperature and the germination time was extend. For example, the germination of 100mg/L and 150mg/L was increased from 2 % to 7.6 % and 12.3 % respectively. A treatment of a 12h soaking in gibberellin solution was helpful to break the seed dormancy and increase the germination rate. The germination rate after soaking in gibberellin solution concentration of 50~200 mg


In the last edition of this the Web Watch column we focussed on the information available regarding women and dual diagnosis. It is incumbent on us then that this column examines some online information pertaining to males and dial diagnosis. We have found some useful information that we shall report on here. Also, we came across a fantastic interview transcript. The interview is with Dr. Kenneth Minkoff, who has a long C.V., and much experience in Psychiatry, but is known mostly for his roles as the Director of Integrated Psychiatric and Addiction Services for Arbour Health System, Medical Director of Choate Health Management Care (Woburn, MA), and Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard. We will highlight that column later in this edition. But to the main subject at hand; Men and Dual Diagnosis. The standard search engine look at men and substance use reveals a range of sites and articles, many of which centre on the associated behaviours or co-morbidities of use, such as sexual behaviours and diseases, HIV risk, impulsivity, as well as sexuality, and some information on associated mental health issues. Nothing initially jumps out for exploration in terms of dual diagnosis, and it should be said that there is not an abundance of information specific to issues with men and dual diagnosis. We shall report what we have found. A "dual diagnosis men" search is slightly more fruitful. There is the array of "pay-per-view" type articles (some of which could be quite good), and non-gender specific dual diagnosis explanation and support


Summary The results in general indicate that the antecedent diet leaves its imprint on the metabolism of isolated tissues, causing profound changes in the metabolic pattern, depending on the type of such diet. The gain in body weight of rats fed high casein and high fat-high casein alone or in combination with thyroid, is found to be less than that in normals. These rats were observed to have in varying degrees hyperglycemia, fatty liver and hypertrophy of liver, kidney and adrenal tissue. Feeding of high fat-high case-in diet alone, or with thyroid, induces overproduction of acetoacetate, both endogenous and exogenous, by liver slices. Utilization of acetoacetate by the kidney slices obtained from such rats is not, however, increased. Consumption of oxygen by liver and kidney slices of rats fed high casein and high fat-high casein is less than that in normal tissues. The metabolic disturbances observed in the tissues of rats fed diets low in carbohydrate but rich in protein or fat plus protein, are aggravated by prolonged feeding of the same diet (10 weeks as compared to 4 weeks).


This paper considers the adequacy of unit value indexes as proxies for industrial selling price indexes in Canada, in light of the considerations raised in the Searle report for the United States (summarized elsewhere in this issue). Some 3,237 regressions are run using the industrial selling price index for a commodity group as the dependent variable and the corresponding unit value index as the independent variable. The unit value indexes perform poorly as predictors of the I.S.P.I.; the overall tendency is for the unit value index to overestimate changes in the I.S.P.I.; and to explain on average only about 30 percent of the total variance of the I.S.P.I.


The paper discusses the issue of the quality of interaction between the basic elements of the railroad surface: the railway sleeper and the ballast in which the sleeper is immersed. The proper functioning of the various structural elements of the railroad tracks and their interconnection, the effect of which is the transfer of the operational load to the subgrade in the elastic range of stress, takes on particular relevance in the light of the ongoing modernization of the rail lines in Poland [Id-3 2009; Sancewicz 2012; Surowiecki 2011, 2012; Towpik 2011]. Its aim is to increase the speed of trains and improve the comfort of travelling [15]. The main attention was focused on the Abstract:


Steganography is a solution for covert communication and blockchain is a p2p network for data transmission, so the benefits of blockchain can be used in steganography. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of blockchain in steganography, which include the ability to embed hidden data without manual change in the original data, as well as the readiness of the blockchain platform for data transmission and storage, which eliminates the need for the Steganographer to design and implement a new platform for data transmission and storage. We have proposed two algorithms for steganography in blockchain, the first one is a high-capacity algorithm for the key and the steganography algorithm exchange and switching, and the second one is a medium-capacity algorithm for embedding hidden data. Also, by reviewing the previous three steganography schemes in blockchain, we have examined their drawback and have showed that none of them are practical schemes for steganography in blockchain. Then, we have explained the challenges of steganography in blockchain from the steganographers and steganalyzers point of view.


Using Cloud Storage, users can remotely store their data and enjoy the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool of configurable computing resources, without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. However, the fact that users no longer have physical possession of the outsourced data makes the data integrity protection in Cloud Computing a formidable task. Unfortunately, sharing data in a multi-owner manner while preserving data and identity privacy from an untrusted cloud is still a challenging issue, due to the frequent change of the membership. In proposed a secure cloud storage for multi-owner data sharing authentication system supporting privacy-preserving by enabling public auditability for cloud storage with critical importance so that users can resort to a third party auditor (TPA) to check the integrity of outsourced data and be worry-free. And also by encryption and hashing techniques, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Merkle Hash Tree, any cloud user can anonymously share data with others. By using these techniques the storage overhead and computation cost is reduced. Also trustworthiness will be increased between the user and the Cloud Service Provider. Load Balancing is also implemented to process the User requested job by allocating to the sub servers which will process the task by evaluating the CPU performance level.


AbstractThe Constitutions of India and Pakistan guarantee justiciable human rights and incorporate the Directive Principles of State Policy. Fundamental rights are justifiable through courts, while the principles of policy enjoy immunity from judicial interference. Right to education was constitutionally recognized as one of the principles of policy, not as a fundamental right in both countries. Although its status was earlier elevated from the directive principles of state policy to a fundamental right, owing to judicial activism, however, it was incorporated by a Constitutional Amendment in the Indian Constitution under Article 21-A. While in Pakistan, it was the 18th Amendment of the Constitution which elevated it to the status of a fundamental right. Resultantly, now it is subject to judicial review, under newly inserted Article 25-A. Now, the governments are obliged for its provision to all children, aging from five to sixteen years. Learning a lesson from the Indian recognition, Pakistan must cover its distance more swiftly and smartly, instead of wasting time in litigation or enactment of supportive legislation.Keywords: 18th Amendment, Fundamental Right, Compulsory and Free Education, Legislation, Education LitigationIntroductionEducation is an inevitable and integral part of a human life, which has various valuable and noble purposes. Internationally, it has been emphatically recognized in the Declaration, Conventions and other relevant documents. While right to education means that it necessarily should be available to everyone, leaving no child left behind; accessible to all, without any discrimination; acceptable to students and their parents or guardians, and adaptable to the requirements of an individual and a society at large. It is called as a four 'A' scheme (Preliminary Report of the Rapprteur on the Right to Education, 1999). Moreover, in more than 140 national constitutions, it has been enshrined as a fundamental right or a duty of a state. It is incorporated in a constitution either as a principle of policy, not binding through courts, or as a fundamental right, enforceable by courts. First, it was a constitutional right but as an optional principle both in India and Pakistan. Now, it has been recognized as an enforceable fundamental right. Since it is a positive fundamental right, therefore, it requires financial recourses or budgetary provisions. Although it is a human right, having a characteristic of universality, but, in many countries, it is justifiable only for citizens. Foreigners, immigrants or illegal workers cannot compel the government to provide them the right to education equal to its citizens. Then, the paper distinguishes the legal impact of a human right, incorporated as a principle of policy, or as a fundamental right, particularly, when a Principle of a Policy is expressly declared in a constitution that its infringement would not be called in question in any Court on any ground. Further, it explains that albeit an unequivocal jurisdictional debar, how the Indian constitutional Courts elevated a non-justifiable right to education to a status of an enforceable fundamental right, juxtaposing their juridical approach with their counter-parts in Pakistan.Owing to judicial activism, when the Indian Courts obliged the government for a policy-making agenda, then, how right to universal or primary education was incorporated as a fundamental right after constitutional amendments, creating a liability for the governments and parents. The paper especially underscores that it does not make any substantive difference even a right is embodied in a constitution as a fundamental right unless it is followed by a sub-constitutional law, making a positive right to be a ground reality. Finally, it explains how India, after its incorporation as a fundamental right, substantiated it with a comprehensive law, which saved the Judiciary to manage it at a micro-level. Otherwise, it would have been an endless involvement of the Judiciary in administrative affairs, ignoring the principles of separation of powers and stepping-in the shoes of government. …


The Music Educators Journal is published nine times yearly, monthly except for June, July, and August. This index covers a period of one year of nine issues, September 1966 through May 1967. The page number of each article follows the month of issue. Titles of articles are indicated by italics; names of authors appear in parentheses. Beginning with Volume 46, the Journal has been indexed in the final issue of each volume year, which up through Volume 52 (September 1965-July 1966) was included in the June-July issue. Volume 53 is indexed in the May issue, as will be subsequent volumes. Two cumulative indexes, one for volumes 33-35, covering the period from September 1946 through July 1959, and one for volumes 46-52, which covers the period from September 1959 through July 1966, are available for 50? each. Order cumulative indexes from Music Educators National Conference, 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036. Please enclose check or money order with orders under $2.00.


Recently, transarthroscopic surgical procedures have been used increasingly because of short period of postoperative rehabilitation, minimal morbidity, and because it can be performed on an outpatient basis. In this report osteochondritis dissecans, treated transarthroscopically will be discussed.


The invention relates to a crane comprising a distance measuring system and an anti-collision control system. The crane comprising raised rails (3, 4), a carriage (2) movable along rails and provided with a spreader (1) comprises means for measuring distance (12, 13) directed downwards and fixed to the carriage, means for measuring the position of the carriage relative to the rails, a memory processor for storing, evaluating and correlating the distances measured down with respect to objects and to the frame grip (1) and its load (7), and the measured position relative to the rails (3, 4) preventing a collision of the frame (1), the load (7) and other objects. particularly applicable to port cranes.


Rust, a new systems programming language, provides compile-time memory safety checks to help eliminate runtime bugs that manifest from improper memory management. This feature is advantageous for operating system development, and especially for embedded OS development, where recovery and debugging are particularly challenging. However, embedded platforms are highly event-based, and Rust's memory safety mechanisms largely presume threads. In our experience developing an operating system for embedded systems in Rust, we have found that Rust's ownership model prevents otherwise safe resource sharing common in the embedded domain, conflicts with the reality of hardware resources, and hinders using closures for programming asynchronously. We describe these experiences and how they relate to memory safety as well as illustrate our workarounds that preserve the safety guarantees to the largest extent possible. In addition, we draw from our experience to propose a new language extension to Rust that would enable it to provide better memory safety tools for event-driven platforms.


PURPOSE: To provide a coaxial-to-microstrip converting device which has low VSWR and is easy to assemble. CONSTITUTION: This device consists of a coaxial part equipped with a conductive housing 64 and an RF penetration pin 52 which is insulated from the housing and extends penetrating an opening of the housing, and a microstrip circuit 54 which is arranged adjacently to the wall of the housing 64 and has a conductor line connected to the pin 52; and the housing 64 has a shoulder part 68 at a wall part adjacent to the microstrip circuit 54 and also has a round groove formed in the shoulder part to receive the pin, which does not extend beyond the edge part of the shoulder part 68. Then the end part of the pin 52 and a microstrip conductor are electrically connected by a short conductive ribbon.


A slurry containing YBa2Cu3O7−x particles and a fine YBa2Cu3(OH)x colloid solution was prepared, and a large-scale bulk YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor (about 50 mm × 35 mm × 2 mm) was produced by plastic forming without high-pressure molding. The samples molded from the slurry were dried and then fired at 1223 K in air. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples had the characteristic orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x structure. Measurements of electrical resistance were carried out between 300 and 50 K by the standard four-probe DC electrical measurement. The samples began superconducting at an onset temperature around 92 K, and the full-transition temperature (critical temperature) (Tc) was 88.7±1.4 K. The critical current density (Jc) measured at 77 K was about 440 A/cm2, the value of Jc was improved by the heat treatment under an oxygen atmosphere, and Jc=1.6 × 103 A/cm2 was observed. Under the magnetic field (B=1 T), the sample held its superconductivity, and demonstrated that this method can be used to produce the magnetic shielding used in magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis.


Objective To develop a stable method for isolation and culture of ventricular myocytes in adult Sprague-Dauley( SD) rats. Methods Rat heart was removed quickly after anaesthetized and hanged on the Langendorff apparatus. Then the heart was perfused retrogradely from aorta and digested with collagenaseⅡ( 0. 8 mg/m L) and protease( 0. 1 mg/m L). The acquired ventricular myocytes were purified with natural sedimentation and cultured with modified M199 medium. The viability and yield of the isolated cardiomyocytes were assessed by Typan Blue assay. The contractility and calcium transients were measured by confocal laser scanning microscope by electric stimulation. Results The percentage of survival ventricular myocytes was( 81. 9 ± 2. 2) %,the number of ventricular myocytes was( 2. 0 ± 0. 1 × 107) from every heart and the isolated cardiomycytes presented good contractility under electrical stimulation.Conclusion A stable isolation and culture method is established with high viability and yield for primary culture.


Abstract Similar trends are occurring in Australian and US social work education, as universities increasingly adopt a rigid market orientation to tertiary education. This marketisation shapes social work education in manifold ways, including the pressure to increase revenues (and effect greater efficiencies) by expanding the size of social work programs. The unregulated growth in social work programs leads to lowered admission standards, as programs are forced to compete for students. An oversupply of social workers will also drive salaries downwards as supply eclipses demand. These issues are examined in the context of a "big" versus a "small" (fewer but more highly trained social workers) model of social work. Emphasis is placed on the lessons that Australian social work educators can learn from the challenges facing US social work education.


Gut bacterial toxins contribute to many diseases, including diarrhea. Cholera represents a life-threatening form of enterotoxin-induced diarrhea caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Diarrhea results from the prosecretory actions of a bacterial enterotoxin. The aim of this study was to identify dietary compounds that antagonize the intestinal secretory actions of cholera toxin and which might be useful in diarrhea prevention and treatment. Rat small intestine (jejunum) was ligated in vivo and separate segments of small bowel were randomly injected with various dietary compounds in the presence and absence of cholera toxin. The secretory response to cholera toxin was assessed by measuring the amount of fluid secreted into the bowel segments. Compared to controls, red wine and wine components significantly inhibited the small intestinal secretory response to cholera toxin. Grape juice, ethanol (12%), and World Health Organization rehydration fluid had lesser antisecretory effects. These novel results demonstrate that nonethanol components of wine possess antisecretory effects. These substances may be useful in treating gut enterotoxin-mediated diseases such as cholera.


The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce those attending to the advantages and use of 3D support freeware/shareware in their 3D graphics classes. The following applications will be discussed (with an emphasis placed on the modeling and animation capabilities of MilkShape 3D):

• MilkShape 3D from chUmbaLumsOft (http://chumbalum.swissquake.ch/

• UVMapper (http://www.uvmapper.com/)

• Terragen (http://www.planetside.co.uk/terragen/)


The main security mechanism for web surfing is the SSL/TLS protocol. This is a good tool, but, it has limitations and should be used carefully. We discuss the main limitations and weaknesses of SSL/TLS as currently implemented in browsers, and show how they are exploited in spoofing (site impersonation) and phishing (scam sites) attacks. Finally we discuss some possible solutions.


The research about "Incubation of titonia for organic acid production in rice field"  has been conducted in soil laboratory Agriculture Collage Andalas University Padang, since  January to August 2005.  The objective of this research was to determine the best method of using titonia to produce organic acids in rice field.  The research had 2 factors, 3 series of titonia application and 5 levels of titonia dossages with 3 replications.  The series are: A 1  =  Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was directly flooded;  A 2  =  Titonia was mixed with soil and then, let them stay on soil surface for 3 weeks before being flooded; A 3  = Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was moistened until field capacity for 3 weeks before being flooded.  The second factor was titonia dossages (0,000; 1,250; 2,500; 3,750; 5,000 g dry weight of titonia per kg soil). The result showed that organic acids of the soil had been changed as a consequence of titonia application and the incubation with soil.  The highest organic acid production was found  at combination of titonia incubation with soil at field capacity for 3 weeks, that was malat acid (184-489 mgl -1 ). The others detected were citrate, tartarate, malate, and benzoat acids, butt fenolate acids was not detected. Keywords: incubation, organic acids, rice field, titonia .


The 5W2H analysis method is applied to explore the fusion point and the breakthrough point of traditional culture and the moral education of college students,which involves the study of why(Why),research subject(Who),what to research(What),how to study(How),when to study(When),where to study(Where),and how to research(However) those seven problems with new ideas and method provided for similar research.


A unique boronate-functionalized SiO2/TiO2 hybrid monolithic column was synthesized by a facile approach. Although a conventional boronic acid, 4-vinylphenylboronic acid, was used as the affinity ligand, the prepared monolithic column exhibited specific capacity to capture glycoproteins including antibodies in aqueous solution at neutral pH. With the incorporation of titania, the monolith was highly hydrophilic, and the procedure of affinity chromatography could be performed under aqueous organic-solvent-free conditions.


The 2D/1D method is an important tool in LWR analysis that enables pin-resolved transport solutions for large, full-core simulations at relatively low computational cost compared to a true 3D transport method. To use the 2D/1D approximation, several assumptions are made about the nature of the axial (z) component of the true 3D transport solution. Generally, it is assumed that the axial variation of the solution is weak enough that the axial streaming term can be approximated as isotropic in angle, and uniform in space over a coarse pin cell, without unacceptable detriment to accuracy. Also, it is assumed that a homogenized 1D axial pin cell calculation will give the correct axial streaming magnitude and power shape. In some cases, however, we desire a more accurate transport solution; we can achieve this by implementing higher-fidelity solvers that avoid some of these coarse approximations, e.g. allowing angular dependence in the radial and axial leakage terms that couple the 2D and 1D solutions. Since the introduction of 2D/1D methods, there has been interest in developing and improving these more accurate approximations, with the ultimate goal being a 2D/1D method that limits to the 3D transport solution with spatial and angular refinement. In this paper, the 2D/1D code MPACT is used, with SN as the 1D axial solver. We evaluate some of the approximations made in MPACT, and derive a new (to MPACT) angle-dependent 2D to 1D total cross section homogenization. The new homogenization shows good results for C5G7-type problems and the full 3D C5G7 benchmarks compared to what was previously the "most accurate" 2D/1D method in MPACT, which used angle-dependent leakages but only scalar flux homogenization of the total cross section. We also quantify the effects of applying a within-pin fine-mesh spatial shape to the axial transverse leakage, which is generally much smaller than the effect of angle-dependent homogenization.


Using a construction of Hassett--V\'arilly-Alvarado, we produce derived equivalent twisted K3 surfaces over $\mathbb{Q}$, $\mathbb{Q}_2$, and $\mathbb{R}$, where one has a rational point and the other does not. This answers negatively a question recently raised by Hassett and Tschinkel.


There is a wealth of knowledge and information to be shared between elementary, particularly K-5, students and college engineering students. Increasingly, children are deciding on those subjects they like and dislike (and therefore do and don't do) as early as elementary school. Anecdotal evidence suggests that females, in particular, lose interest in math and science in midelementary school. An innovative new program in North Carolina's Wake County is attempting to influence the academic choices of the elementary student, particularly young girls and underrepresented minorities. This is the pilot year of an NSF funded program that places college of engineering students as resources at public elementary schools. By using graduate and undergraduate engineering students as science resources, the children are exposed early to the idea of science, math and/or engineering as a college, and therefore career, choice. The engineering students benefit as well, learning valuable communication skills that will enhance their marketability upon graduation. The ability to explain complex science to children requires confidence and technical knowledge. The ability to impart this knowledge in a useful way is a much sought after skill in the workplace. The school benefits from the early exposure to SMET, and teachers benefit by their participation in workshops and training sessions on incorporating science into daily lessons. An additional unique aspect of the program lies in its addressing the topic of teaching of science to special needs children. Special needs in our population include ESL (English as a second language), hearing impaired and visually impaired students. Incorporation of these special needs in teaching SMET is a key part of our program. Benefits to the K-12 schools include curriculum that integrates science, technology, and engineering topics with math, reading, and writing. Benefits to the Fellows include improved communication skills and self-image.


Strain 51-43 was isolated using olive oil as sole carbon source in enrichment culture,while Rhodamine B as indicator from rich oil soil around Shanghai city.Strain 51-43 was identified as Aspergillus niger according to morphological observation and the partial 18S rDNA sequence analysis.The fermentation conditions of Aspergillus niger 51-43 lipase were optimized through the single factor and the orthogonal experiments.The optimal fermentation medium was composed of 2.35%peptone,1%wheat flour,0.1% K2HPO4,0.05% MgSO4·7H2O,0.01% CaCl2,1% NH4Cl,0.5% Tween-80 and 1% olive oil,pH 7.0.Under the fermentation condition of 28 ℃,160 r/min,72 h,the lipase activity could reach 19.28 U/mL,which was 2.21 times the original culture medium.


This article designs a controller for low-voltage reactive power compensation in the low-voltage reactive power compensation transformation as background. Based on grid monitoring data timing and as the object to the low-voltage reactive power compensation of the town,the system studies the improvement of reactive power compensation to power grid performance and the configuration of software and hardware.


A comparative study on productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous cows under the small holder dairying condition was conducted in Gaibandha district of Bangladesh. A sample of 96 dairy cows were selected randomly; of which 49 were crossbred cows and the other 47 were indigenous dairy cows from 50 small dairy farms. The productive performance (milk yield and lactation period) of crossbred cows were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the indigenous dairy cows. Post partum heat period, calving to first service and dry period of the indigenous cows were lower (but not significantly) than crossbred cows. But service per conception and calving interval of indigenous cows were significantly (p<0.01) lower than the crossbred cows. The cost benefit ratio of raising crossbred and indigenous dairy cows were 1:1.13 and 1:1.02, respectively. Although, reproductive performance of crossbred cows were better than indigenous cows but considering the other traits it may be concluded that the raising of crossbred cows were more economic than the raising of indigenous dairy cows.


Despite policies encouraging participation by women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), fewer women than men enter and remain in many of these fields, and those who do persist are less likely to reach the upper levels of academe than men. Title IX legislation mandates equal opportunity for women and men in all educational activities as well as in federally funded programs, including funded research programs. Although women have increased their numbers and visibility in many fields since Title IX became law in 1972, they remain a minority in most STEM fields and face barriers and discrimination at all stages of their education and careers. Government agencies have several tools to use as they promote gender equity through enforcement of Title IX, and these tactics have removed some covert barriers to participation, but women in STEM higher education and research continue to face overt obstacles and negative attitudes from their colleagues. For individuals in the STEM fields, the National Science Foundation (NSF) promotes participation of underrepresented groups (e.g., women, minorities, and persons with disabilities) in its funded activities through the broadening participation aspect of its Broader Impacts merit review criterion. All potential grantees must explain in their proposals how the project will affect society, including how well it would encourage individuals from underrepresented groups. The Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education (CASEE) of the National Academy of Engineering convened a workshop to discuss possible metrics by which grantee efforts at broadening participation might be demonstrated. Metrics appropriate for use by grantee institutions as well metrics appropriate for use by individual investigators were identified. The institutional metrics center on leveraging information that institutions already collect, but generally do not publish (i.e., affirmative action and utilization plans). Individual metrics center on comparisons over time of the compositions of various populations in various activities (e.g., the number of women identified by, recruited to, retained within, and completing a summer research workshop program). This presentation will summarize the process used to identify the metrics and discuss their possible use within a Title IX context.


The motion powered hand held mine detector is a simple low cost system requiring no battery and minimal maintenance. It is intended as an `appropriate technology' low cost solution that can be deployed and operated quickly, easily and reliably over sustained periods for the humanitarian application. This device has the potential for very widespread, high volume availability and indigenous manufacture. A prototype concept demonstrator has been constructed that makes use of three patented innovations: (1) a simple printed search head that provides detection and discrimination between different objects and materials under the ground; (2) a power supply incorporating an inexpensive motor-generator that generates electrical power from movement only; (3) special low power RF circuit techniques and technology that minimise power requirements.


Abstract Student perceptions of injustice in the classroom can evoke destructive behavior, resistance, deception, aggression, and conflict escalation. Our study explores student experiences of unjust teacher behavior in educational settings. Students (N=99) were asked to remember a conflict they experienced during their studies. The conflict descriptions (N=78) were analysed and grouped according the type of perceived injustice (distributive, procedural, interactional) and 22 issues of unfair behaviour (Mikula et al., 1990). Our study revealed that perceived unfair grading, power demonstrations, and accusation were the most important predictors of teacher-student conflicts. Moreover students reported they experienced interactional injustice more frequently than they experienced distributive or procedural injustice.


Engineering drawing criterion is significant to an enterprise,in SolidWorks,making user templates by materializing the criterions is propitious to improve design efficiency and standardized design sheet and one step of SolidWorks localization.


A circulation Coriolis sensor tube vibrating circulation system (1), through which flows a medium, which flow sensor comprises excitation means for inducing a vibration in the tube (1), optical detecting means for determining the movements of at least one point of the tube (1), said optical detection means a light source (3) having a light beam (5) incident on the tube wall, on a layer arranged in this comprising wall, or an element attached to this wall, and a light sensor (4) having a photosensitive surface for sensing the light beam (5) after reflection against the tube wall, a layer deposited on this wall, or an element attached to this wall, characterized in that the means for forming the beam (5) are arranged to make the beam convergence (5) in the direction of movement of the tube (1) associated with the Coriolis forces smaller than CONVERGENCE ia in the direction of movement of the tube (1) associated with the excitation forces.


One kind of phase-locked loop means, between the two phase detection means and the charge pump and loop filter (CPLF) means a probability of an additional shaping means the probability shaping means, mainly the upper and lower indices index appears the frequency, or number of occurrences expected value decreased; whereby the probability distribution shaping, to reduce the effect of apparatus gain mismatch CPLF.


study to describe the of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) after transplantation and determine their prognostic value on complications such as or graft coronary artery disease The ECGs of 62 consecutive patients were analyzed for at follow-up of and yearly transplantation. Results: The most prevalent abnormality was the presence of complete or incomplete right bundle-branch block (RBBB). New RBBB appeared in 69% (43162) of the patients, mainly during the first month ( 2 1/43). There was no left bundle-branch block. We detected nine episodes of supraventricular arrhythmias: one atrial fibrillation, six atrial flutter, one junctional tachycardia, one orthodromic tachycar-dia on a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; all appearing during the first 3 months. Three of the six episodes of atrial flutter occurred during an episode of acute rejection. There was no relation between RBBB and the gender and age ofrecipi-ents and donors, nor with the graft ischemic time and the pre-transplantation hernodynamic values. Right bundle-branch block was not associated with acute rejection nor with graft coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The ECG abnormalities after heart transplantation have no predictive value on the long-term evolution. Right bundle-branch block is very frequent and is not associated with adverse prognosis. ofarrhythniias. I(', They related these rhythm disturbances to prolonged mean graft ischemic time. surgical preoperative antilurhythmic drugs, heart denei-vation.


Muscle paralysis can be defined as the loss of muscle function. This is caused by the failure of the nerves that send signals for muscle movement. It is often caused by the damage of nervous system especially at the spinal cord. Other major conditions of muscle paralysis are stroke, trauma and muscular dystrophy. This muscle function loss can be a partial or total muscle function loss. Partial muscle function loss or paralysis affects a part of the body whereas total muscle function loss affects the whole body. Arm paralysis is a partial paralysis of muscle function. It can be detected by feeling loss at the arm and unable to lift up the arm as there is sensory damage or motor damage of the arm. The only treatment to treat partial paralysis is through convalescence or rehabilitation. This includes physical therapy and occupational therapy for recuperation. Therefore, the development of arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring by using LabVIEW is in the scope of physical therapy where it is focuses on mobility, help to maintain and build any strength that remained in affected muscle. The distinctive part about this monitoring of muscle arm contraction rehabilitation development by using LabVIEW is the patients and doctors are able to see the progress in real time of the patient's arm muscle contraction. By using LabVIEW, it displays the data of recorded parameters on how much force is exerted from the patient's grip referring to index finger, middle finger and ring finger and rotation angle of the arm at the wrist and elbow when they move upward or downward. The sensors used are electromyogram sensor to detect muscle contraction, variable resistor for arm rotation angle and force sensitive resistor to detect the forces grip. From this, the activities of the patients" arm can be recognized


— In now a day the fuel proficiency and outflow gas direction of cars are two essential issues. To satisfy this issue the car enterprises are attempting to make new vehicle which can give high productivity ease. The most ideal approach to build the fuel proficiency is to decrease the heaviness of the vehicle. The weight lessening can be accomplished fundamentally by the presentation of better material, outline streamlining and better assembling forms. The accomplishment of weight lessening with satisfactory change of mechanical properties has made composite a decent substitution material for traditional steel. The car vehicles have number of parts which can have the capacity to supplant by composite material, yet because of the change of mechanical properties of composite material. It has more versatile quality and high quality to weight proportion has contrasted and those of steel material. Thus, out of numerous parts one of the segments of car, the leaf spring which use for done the entire weight of the vehicle is best choice for substitution of steel material by composite material. Leaf springs are one of the most seasoned suspension parts they are still every now and again utilized, particularly in business vehicles. The past writing review demonstrates that leaf springs are planned as summed up compel components where the position, speed and introduction of the pivot mounting gives the response constrains in the undercarriage connection positions. Another part must be engaged, is the vehicle business has demonstrated expanded enthusiasm for the supplanting of steel spring with composite leaf spring because of high quality to weight proportion. Along these lines, investigation of the composite material turns out to be similarly imperative to ponder the conduct of Composite Leaf Spring. The goal of this paper is to introduce displaying and examination of composite mono leaf spring (GFRP) and think about its outcomes. Demonstrating is finished utilizing CATIA 5.0 and Analysis is completed by utilizing ANSYS 15.0 programming for better understanding. A relative report has been made amongst steel and composite leaf spring concerning quality and weight. Composite leaf spring lessens the weight by 74.54% for E-glass/epoxy, 79.66% for Carbon epoxy and 79.77% for Graphite epoxy over steel leaf spring. The size improvement has been done for additionally mass lessening of composite leaf spring. Composite leaf spring diminishes the weight by 78.21% for E-glass/epoxy, 82.56% for Carbon epoxy and 82.67% for Graphite epoxy contrasted with steel leaf spring.


Abstract : This paper discusses the amphibious warfare ships of the United States Navy. The build down of the Department of Defense has been driven by victory in the Cold War and defeat in the battle of the budget. For the first time this century Americans have the chance to reshape the military forces that were previously focused on the Soviet Union. At the same time, the new democracies seem to have created a world that is less stable than the superpower struggle of the twentieth century. The 1992 election has accelerated the calls to use the peace dividend to solve the economy's woes. The United States finds itself a debtor nation with little flexibility to fund an endless demand for dollars. Voters want jobs for Americans and they want to feel more secure about their future.


The Ionospheric Prediction Service (IPS) in the Bureau of Meteorology
is the national space weather organisation and delivers services to technologies is affected by variability in the electromagnetic and radiation space physics environment. Technolgies affected include HF radio communications and surveillence, satellite navigation and communication, geomagnetic surveys for mining, pipelines and power grids, satellite operations. Services are delivered via real-time internet, email alerts and warnings as well as software products and consultancies for HF radio system design or planning. IPS also operates the Australian Space Forecast Centre (ASFC) and engages internationally with like agencies. Solar Cycle 24 maxima in 2010-13 has been the lowest in the last 60 years, coming after a very deep solar minima. However interesting events have occurred and some of these will be highlighted as well as the implications of continuing low solar activity.


The vortex tube is a structurally simple device with no moving parts that is capable of separating a highpressure flow into two lower pressure flows with different energies, usually manifested as a difference in temperatures. The vortex tube is relatively inefficient as a stand-alone cooling device but it may become an important component of a refrigeration system when employed as an alternative to the conventional throttling valve. A cycle augmented with a vortex tube can offer several advantages including: efficient operation above the JouleThomson inversion curve, relative insensitivity to heat exchanger size, and the ability to operate with a lower pressure ratio. The extent to which these advantages are realized depends on the cycle configuration, the fluid properties, the operating conditions, and the behavior of the vortex tube. In this paper, a semi-empirical model of the vortex tube is presented using one hypothesis regarding its underlying physics. Predictions made using this model are found to compare favorably with the limited experimental data that are available. The vortex tube model is integrated into a model of a vapor compression refrigerator and a Joule-Thomson cryogenic refrigerator. The potential for increasing the performance of a refrigeration cycle using the vortex tube is found to be extremely limited for the vapor compression cycle. However, it is shown that the vortex tube may present a significant opportunity to improve the performance of refrigeration systems using the Joule-Thomson cycle and may allow efficient operation at lower pressure ratios, with smaller recuperative heat exchangers, and with less expensive working fluids than are currently used. More complex cycles are discussed in which the vortex tube can be used to simultaneously perform phase and energy separation.


ABSTRACT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Ship Detection (SSD) is an important application, and it has been widely used in commercial and military fields. With the development of remote sensing technology, the use of a large amount of increasing unlabeled data is a challenge for model training, and the interference caused by the reefs and the nearshore facilities is also a challenge for SAR ship detection. In this work, we propose a Feature Integration Attention Detection (FIAD) Network to detect ships in SAR images, namely the FIAD Net. The FIAD Net has two contributions: a ModiBYOL method based on self-supervised learning and a novel Feature Integration Attention (FIA) module. The FIA module could enhance the feature learning ability of the backbone network, and the ModiBYOL could utilize the unlabeled data as a source for backbone pre-training. Experiments on the OpenSARShip dataset, the SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD), and the SAR Ship dataset show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy comparable to the state-of-art methods with a speed of 47 Frames Per Second (FPS). Besides, the effectiveness of the proposed modules is studied through an ablation study.


ing Lecturer at the Victorian College of the Arts, the Vic torian State College of Advanced Education, and in the Music Departments of La Trobe and Monash Universities, A ustral ia. The child who develops a precocious or prodigious musical expression in the first decade of life is usually dependent upon special teaching and at least one parent to give constant guidance, stimulation and psychological support. Such a child is im-


Buckling and free vibration behavior of a laminated cylindrical panel exposed to non-uniform thermal load is addressed in the present study. The approach comprises of three portions, in the first portion, heat transfer analysis is carried out to compute the non-uniform temperature fields, whereas second portion consists of static analysis wherein stress fields due to thermal load is obtained, and the last portion consists of buckling and prestressed modal analyzes to capture the critical buckling temperature as well as first five natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. Finite element is used to perform the numerical investigation. The detailed parametric study is carried out to analyze the effect of nature of temperature variation across the panel, laminate sequence and structural boundary constraints on the buckling and free vibration behavior. The relation between the buckling temperature of the panel under uniform temperature field and non-uniform temperature field is established using magnification factor. Among four cases considered in this study for position of heat sources, highest magnification factor is observed at the forefront curved edge of the panel where heat source is placed. It is also observed that thermal buckling strength and buckling mode shapes are highly sensitive to nature of temperature field and the effect is significant for the above-mentioned temperature field. Furthermore, it is also observed that the panel with antisymmetric laminate has better buckling strength. Free vibration frequencies and the associated mode shapes are significantly influenced by the non-uniform temperature variations.


Scheibel extraction column is one of the available countercurrent agitated contactors. The main disadvantage of the Scheibel extraction column is the severe backmixing. In order to reduce the backmixing effect and provide efficient phase separation, a modified single stage Scheibel column was designed. Two sieve plates were installed at the two ends of the packed section and it can reduce the backmixing greatly. The factors of opening ratio, agitation speed and overall flow rates were studied in the modified Scheibel extraction tower by using propanol -water -heptane system. The optimized open porosity and operation parameters have been determined that the open porosity 10%, the agitation speed 100 r/min and the overall feed flow rate 6.0 mL/min. The extraction efficiency of the traditional Scheibel extraction tower and the modified Scheibel extraction tower were studied with the optimized opening ratio and operation parameters. The results demonstrated that the extraction efficiency of the modified Scheibel extraction tower was much better than that of the traditional one.


A 550 lb steer was presented with a history of an orexia, depression, "stiffness", and scant feces. Physi cal examination revealed a normal rectal temperature, increased heart and respiratory rates and abdominal distension. The initial attempt to examine the steer per rectum was unsuccessful. Laboratory findings were normal except for increased protein in the abdominal fluid. A second examination of the abdomen per rectum revealed a tight, fibrous band extending from the right internal inguinal ring to the pelvic floor, which had en trapped portions of the small intestine. An exploratory laparotomy was done using the right paralumbar fossa approach. The tight fibrous band was found to be a remnant of the vas deferens. The band was exteriorized and cut with scissors. Post-op erative recovery was uneventful and the steer was mar keted months later at his projected market weight.


. . . "For many reasons it is desirable that a medical student be conducted early in his career to the front line trenches of medical and physiological discovery. Let him realize that men as young as himself have made important contributions: that de Graaf at 23 years of age devised the first pancreatic fistula; that Helmholtz at 24 measured for the first time the heat production of frog muscle; that Johannes Muller at 25 had enunciated the principle of specific nerve energies. Let him discover that simple facts were once hidden in a fog of faulty observation and faulty reasoning, and that it was sometimes the enquiring minds of students like himself that made matters clear." -John Farquhar Fulton'


Vere Chappell has pointed out that it is not clear whether Locke has a well-developed ontology or even whether he is entitled to have one.2 Nevertheless, it is clear that Locke believes that there are organisms, and it is clear that he thinks that there are substances. But does he believe that organisms are substances? Th ere are certainly parts of the Essay in which Locke seems unequivocally to state that organisms are substances. For instance, in II.xxiii.3 Locke uses men and horses as examples of substances. In Locke's most explicit account of abstraction, given in 3.3.7-9, organism [vivens] is treated as a sub-species of body and body as a sub-species of substance; so, by transitivity, organism is a kind of substance. Finally, in his discussion of essences in 3.6, Locke uses all of the following organisms as examples of substances: horses, mules, men, sheep, goats, plants, drills, changelings, asses, bulls, cats, and rats. Th is textual evidence would seem to settle the matter about the ontological status of organisms. However, there are other parts of the Essay in which the ontological status of organisms is less clear, to say the least. In fact, there are texts in which Locke seems to state (or at least to be committed to the view) that organisms are not substances. I believe


To determine the content of certain antituberculosis (TB) drugs supplied at TB treatment centres of the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.


The intention of this paper is to describe the development of stage lighting equipment (dimmers and control excluded) in Britain during the past 25 years, and to indicate the forces which have been and are at work to produce this development. The effects of stage design and economics are considered. The great difference between British and German practice, and the lesser difference between British and the United States practice, are outlined. The post-war influence of the New York theatre on lighting layouts in London's West End is described (without enthusiasm) and contrasted with the happy isolation which financial stringency has ensured to the amateur and little theatre movements.


Kia Ora. My name is Thomas and I'm your Subject Librarian. Contact me if you need help with your study. Find resources for your study and research


This paper proposes a novel AMP solver for problems of 1-D piecewise-constant signals recovery under the compressed sensing framework. The proposed solver is named ssAMP-1D. The proposed solver is based on a factor graph consisting of two types of the factor nodes: one is for handling sparsity in finite differences Xi - Xi-1, and another is related to the measurement generation Y = HX + W. We construct the ssAMP-1D iteration from a sum-product rule based on the factor graph, where we use a spike-and-slab prior to encourage sparsity in the 1-D finite differences. We provide a summary of the algorithm construction, discussing the several aspects of ssAMP-1D through empirical comparison to the state-of-the-art solvers, GrAMPA, TV-AMP, EFLA and TV-CP.


This thesis concerning the aesthetic directivity of 1920s poetics by relationship with formation logic of Korean Modern poetry. Concretely, this explores the terms of literary modernity that Korean Poetical circles were faced in 1920s, in other words it explores individual poet"s aesthetic directivity through the relation of Traditional-aesthetics and Symbol-aesthetics. Also, it examines the development process of Korean essay on Modern poetry based on mutual negotiation of Traditional-aesthetics and Symbol-aesthetics. First, Kim-Eok"s essay which navigates "a Refined Poetic form" as a new tradition is reinterpreted in terms of correlation between symbol and tradition. Second, in the case of Kim-Sowol, it focuses on the establishment of a new tradition called "Poetical Spirit" as a matrix of language. Third, Baek-Daejin"s essay is organized as the subject of combination of symbol and life. Fourth, the main point of Hwang-seokwoo"s essay is that he tried to establish ethics of life by some ideal things like the order of nature. In Korean Modern Poetical Circles, Traditional-aesthetics and Symbol-aesthetics are not mutually exclusive. In the process of Korean Modern poetry of 1920s securing autonomous region from the public spheres, they have formed a complementary and different directivity. This aspect is clearly contrasted to the point that the Korean essays on poetry of 1930s were developed forming a full-scale competition.


Eugenia dysenterica, popularly known as cagaita, is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado and belong to the Myrtaceae family. Phenolic compounds in this species have been related to the antioxidant action of cagaita. However, there are no studies evaluating the anti inflammatory potential of E. dysenterica. Thus, this study proposed to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves of E. dysenterica in experimental model in vivo. The aqueous extract was prepared from the dried and crushed leaves at a ratio of 20% (w / v), followed by freezing and lyophilization. For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects, initially the carrageenan-induced paw edema method was standardized. BALB/c mice were orally treated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose or indomethacin (10 mg / kg). After 60 minutes, the animals received an injection inside the paw of carrageenan (30 liI. at 0.5% or 1.0%) in the right hind paw and saline solution (NaCl 0.9%, 30 liI.) in the left hind paw (control). Paw volume determination was performed on a plethysmometer. Measurements of edema were recorded before carrageenan injection and after 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Edema was expressed as the increase in volume (mL) of the paw treated with CGN compared to the control paw at each time interval. Euthanasia was then performed by cervical displacement of the animals and the right and left hind paws were sectioned at the tibio-tarsal joint with a scalpel blade and placed in falcon tubes containing 10% formalin for fixation. Afterwards, the fingers were sectioned and made longitudinal cut for inclusion in paraffin, staining of the blades and evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate in the plantar muscle. After the standardization, the experiments with the concentrations of 100 mg/kg, 550 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of Eugenia dysenterica aqueous extract administered by gavage were performed. The positive control group was administered orally, indomethacin (10mg / kg); negative control was administered 0.5% CBX. After sixty minutes, the animals received an injection in one of the hind paws of 0.5% carrageenan in the right paw and 0.9% NaCl in the left paw and the paw volume was measured in plethysmometer before the injection of carrageenan and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained showed that the aqueous extract of Eugenia dysenterica was not effective in reducing paw edema induced by carrageenan in this experimental model.


Abstract : This report deals with the problem of the continued availability of vacuum tubes and solid state replacement devices to support representative FAA equipments through the 1980's. The reduced availability of vacuum tubes is due mainly to the massive transition to solid state equipment by the consumer entertainment industry. This action has led to a large reduction of vacuum tube suppliers, and to a significant increase in the cost of vacuum tubes. Price and tube demand data are presented for the selected VOR systems. The applicability of solid state replacement devices to the FAA equipments is discussed.


Objective To study and discuss the value of CT in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction caused by inguinal hernia and its peripheral hernia. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used. CT examination was performed in 21 patients with intestinal obstruction due to inguinal hernia and its peripheral hernia admitted in our hospital from February 2006 to February 2014.The items of CT examination included full abdominal simple scan, arterial phase and venous phase enhanced scan of abdomen.Results 21 patients showed varying degrees of intestinal obstruction. Among them, there were 11 cases with indirect inguinal hernia, 5 cases with femoral hernia, 5 cases with obturator hernia. Conclusion For the clinical diagnosis of intestinal obstruction caused by inguinal hernia and its peripheral hernia, CT examination can obtain ideal results, which is worthy of vigorous promotion and application in the clinical diagnosis.


ABSTRACT--A software for the cow shed security system has been made with Borland Delphi 7.0.This program can observe a cow shed security optimally.The cow shed security monitoring system is done byusing LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) censor. Borland Delphi 7.0 program will display the cow shed securitymonitoring result from a data which sent by a censor. Beside that, this software programming uses BorlandDelphi 7.0 which connecting to Microsoft Access 2007 as a data saving. From this software making which hasbeen done, we had the result that this system can monitoring the cow of shed by LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)censor. Testing result shows that if someone try to enter the cow shed area, automatically LDR (Light DependentResistor) censor will detects and showed software on PC or laptop. Beside that, we will hear the sound of alarmas early warning system. KeyWords: Cow shed, Borland Delphi7.0, database.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to learn how adults cope with their sensory defensiveness (SD) and how physiological responses differ between adults who self-report as high SD versus low SD. Methods: In this continuation study participants (age 18-64; n=23) were categorized as low SD (control group; n=9) or high SD (experimental group; n=14) via their Adolescent Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) scores and Sensory Response Questionnaire (SRQ) scores (Brown, & Dunn, 2002 & Wilbarger, 2009). The last nine participants also completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). All participants partook in the sensory challenge protocol which examined their electrodermal activity (EDA) responses to auditory, tactile and olfactory stimuli. Discussion: Overall, high SD group had higher EDA responses, but not all were statistically significant. The high SD group had significantly higher EDA (p < 0.1) responses when the Nuk brush and lawnmower were administered. The CSQ results found mental preparation/talking through was the most frequently used coping strategy. There was a strong correlation between AASP & CSQ, but not statistically significant. Limitations: With a larger sample size, the results of higher EDA responses between the low and high SD groups could become statistically significant. Difficulty with recruiting participants who self-report as low SD could influence the overall outcome. Conclusion: Adults with high SD have higher physiological responses to sensory stimuli compared to adults with low SD and these adults utilize time consuming coping strategies frequently. Occupational therapists can facilitate a more targeted intervention for adults with SD.


The paper analyzes nomina agentis with the suffix -acz known only from the Bible of Szymon Budny (the direct translation from the Hebrew original, printed in 1572). The author have noted 16 neologisms of this kind from Budny's translation. The detailed analysis is conducted in two stages. In the first part the author compares Budny's vocabulary with earlier two translation of the Bible: from the Latin by Leopolita (1561) and from the Greek, the so-called Brześc Bible (1563). The differences result not only from the translation of other linguistic structures of the originals: the Hebrew version, the Greek one and the Latin one, but also from Budny's tendency to render each Hebrew word by one Polish word, and his easiness with which he creates neologisms. In the second part the author compares Budny's translation with the contemporary Polish translation from the Hebrew, i.e. with the so-called Bible of the Millennium.


Fusarium mycotoxins are frequent contaminants of cereals in many world regions, and are suggested risk factors for various acute and chronic human diseases. To date a lack of exposure tools has restricted epidemiological studies of the potential health effects. Recently established exposure biomarkers for deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins are now available and here a pilot biomarker survey of 110 women (aged 39 to 72 years) from Golestan, northern Iran was conducted on samples collected at one time point during August-September 2007. Urinary DON and DON-glucuronide combined were detected frequently (79/110, 72%), mean 1.3 ng DON/ml urine, range not detected (nd)-6.5 ng/ml; mean creatinine adjusted levels were 1.5 ng DON/mg creatinine, range nd-7.1 ng/mg). Neither urinary de-epoxy DON (DOM-1) and DOM-1 glucuronide combined, nor urinary fumonisin B1 were detected. This study is the first reported biomarker based exposure assessment of DON and fumonisins in this region. Overall DON exposure at this time po...


The main purpose of this study is to explore the propensity for scenic drive tourism. Specifically the study identifies the propensity and characteristics of scenic drive tourism by comparing the differences between Canadian and U.S. respondents. This study illustrates the importance of scenic drive tourism and the ability to increase tourism receipts for regional tourism destinations. The vast majority of both the Canadian and US self-drive market normally take scenic drives at a destination while traveling and scenic drives accounted for 52% of the decision to a visit a particular destination. As a tourism product, scenic drives are critically important in influencing tourism visitation and the flow of tourists to a destination.


Methadone is widely used as a replacement for heroin addiction and an inexpensive treatment for chronic pain.
We report the case of a 51 year old male on high dose methadone treatment for heroin addiction who presented
with prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram and later had a cardiac arrest with Torsades de Pointes (TdP), a
rare complication


Satisfaction evaluation indexes of power customer are given in this paper according to the characteristics of power supply quality and customer satisfaction model. Because of the uncertainty of power customer satisfaction, this paper discusses a method for satisfaction evaluation and improvement model of power customer. Interval type-2 fuzzy sets and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to analyze and evaluate power customer satisfaction and related indexes. Improvement objectives are set and improvement measures are determined. In addition, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method is validated by an example.


Multi-agent research has focused on finding the optimal team for a task. Many approaches assume that the performance of the agents are known a priori. We are interested in ad hoc teams, where the agents' algorithms and performance are initially unknown. We focus on the task of modeling the performance of single agents through observation in training environments, and using the learned models to partition a new environment for a multi-agent team. The goal is to minimize the number of agents used, while maintaining a performance threshold of the multi-agent team. We contribute a novel model to learn the agent's performance through observations, and a partitioning algorithm that minimizes the team size. We evaluate our algorithms in simulation, and show the efficacy of our learn model and partitioning algorithm.


Background: Clinical trials have been reported to cause medication cost avoidance (MCA) for hospitals and societies, but there are no studies documenting MCA from the Nordic countries or from the pharmaceutical industry perspective.
Methods: Three different methods were tested for determining the yearly MCA in clinical trials conducted by the pharmaceutical industry in Finland. MCA was evaluated with questionnaires to pharmaceutical companies operating in Finland in 2001, 2009 and 2013.
Results: In method 1 (year 2001), the MCA in Finland was 70.3 million euros in wholesale price and 50.9 million euros when excluding patients receiving placebo treatment. In method 2 (2009), the MCA was 52.0 million euros in wholesale price and 71.0 million euros in out-sale price i.e. including pharmacy fee and tax. The MCA in method 3 (2013) was 47.2 million euros in wholesale price. The collection of data and the MCA calculation was simple in method 1 (response rate 100%). The methods 2 and 3 were more precise but more time-consuming for the respondents, somewhat affecting the response rate (response rates 90% and 72%, respectively).
Conclusions: All three methods covered the majority of industry-sponsored clinical medicine trials (64-100%) representing 59-63 % of all clinical trials conducted in Finland in those years. Regardless of the methods, the study medications provided by the pharmaceutical industry promoted significant cost saving for the society. We recommend method 1 for a general and less time consuming MCA calculation and method 3 for a more precise calculation, to be conducted in survey format and interview.


A complex of Zinc,[Zn(atma)2]n in which the Hatma=[5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thioglycolic acid has been synthesized and structurally characterized.The structure of the complex was determined by IR,TGA,elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction.In crystal,the title compound self-assembled from 2D layers to 3D surpramolecular framework by π-π interaction,hydrogen bonding and intercalation of groups.The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of the complex on glass carbon electrode showed a typical irreversible process.The antibacterial assays indicate that the complex shows better activities than ligand.CCDC: 805509.