Purpose – This article aims to present complete analysis of energy losses in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits and the effectiveness of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) as a method of energy conservation in CMOS circuits in variety of technologies. Energy efficiency in CMOS devices is an issue of highest importance with still continuing technology scaling. There are powerful tools for energy conservation in form of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and dynamic frequency scaling (DFS). Design/methodology/approach – Using analytical equations and Spice models of various technologies, energy losses are calculated and effectiveness of DVS and DFS is evaluated for every technology. Findings – Test showed that new dedicated technology for low static energy consumption can be as economical as older technologies. The dynamic voltage and frequency scaling are most effective when there is a dominance of dynamic energy losses in circuit. In case when static energy losses are comparable ...


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells on collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture.

METHODS
The hair follicle organotypic culture was prepared with different concentrations of rat tail collagen, different number of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells in DMEM medium, after cultured for 10 days the diameter of collagen gel was measured.

RESULT
The concentration of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells significantly influenced on collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture (P<0.01). The contraction of collagen gel was negatively related to the concentration of rat tail collagen, while the concentration of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells was positively related to the contraction of collagen gel.

CONCLUSION
The key factor influencing collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture is the concentration of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells.


Educational neuroscience is an emerging discipline, but it is not a uniform endeavor. There are different ways for it to make progress. We describe two broad approaches, which we agnostically label Culture A and Culture B. Culture A is currently the more frequent approach. It relies on individual differences to advance the science with a special emphasis on solving the challenges faced by learners with special needs. Culture B is less common. It examines the effects of contextual variables on typical learners to make headway at solving theoretical problems in education and improving general instruction. Both are valuable and both seek to improve education. By describing their differences, along with concrete examples of their logic, findings, and cultures of work, we hope to help both neuroscientists and educators answer a key question about one another's work, "Why do they find that worth doing?"


Excerpt Acute pancreatitis sometimes goes undetected when abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or jaundice is absent. Although painless chronic pancreatitis has been well documented (1, 2), painles...


We report on measurements of second virial coefficients of all fluorinated methane compounds CH4−xFx
(x = 0–4) in the temperature range from 296 K to 463 K and of second interaction virial coefficients of all their binary mixtures. Most of the mixtures deviate strongly from the behaviour of ideal mixtures, the most extreme example being the mixture CH3F–CHF3, where the interaction virial coefficient is remarkably more negative than the virial coefficients of both components. Arguments that allow overall qualitative understanding of this behaviour are presented.


In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) method based on complex permeability is proposed to analyze the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the ultra-thin strip wound magnetic core, which is used in high-frequency highvoltage (HFHV) transformers. The coefficients of the complex permeability are expressed as temperature equations to simulate the influence of temperature on the core loss. By layering the iron core, the problem of uneven magnetic flux distribution in the strip-wound core is solved. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation, and the errors between them are less than 5.1%.


This article analyzes the Bolsa Familia Program as a public policy to combat poverty, clarifying the articulation of the actors involved and the legal framework that supports it. The program is examined based on the framework for public policy proposed by Bucci ("Quadro de referencia de uma politica publica: Primeiras linhas de uma visao juridico-institucional", 2015), deepening the study of its economic and financial dimension. The objective is to provide a reading of the program's budget and examine the evaluation of the results by the Federal Court of Accounts, especially in relation to program indicators and their fiscal sustainability. The hypothesis is that the legal articulation mechanisms adopted in the program are effective for achieving some of its goals, but the articulation with Federal Court of Accounts has to be improved to solve critical aspects of the program's budget.


We report systematic magneto-transport measurements and ab initio calculations on single-crystalline TaP2, a new member of the transition-metal dipnictides. We observed unsaturated magnetoresistance (MR) reaching ~ 700% at a magnetic field (B) of 9 T at 2 K along with striking Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations. Our analysis on the SdH oscillations reveals nonzero Berry phase, indicating nontrivial band topology. The analysis also uncovers three fundamental magnetic oscillation frequencies of 72 T, 237 T, and 356 T, consistent with the theoretical calculations which reveal one hole pocket and two electron pockets at the L point and one electron pocket at the Z point of the Brillouin zone. We also found negative longitudinal MR (n-MR) within a narrow window of the angles between B and the electric current (I). The n-MR could be fitted with the Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly equation but the origin remains yet ambiguous. The ab inito calculations suggest TaP2 as a weak topological insulator with the Z2 indices of (0; 111), which exhibits topological surface states on the (001) surface.


A public-key cryptosystem based on propositional logic is presented in [6] and shown to be optimal in the sense that any cryptanalytic attack against it can be used to break other cryptosystems as well. Such a cryptanalytic method could also be used to solve in polynomial time, the membership problem of any language in NP∩CoNP. Only worstcase complexities are considered. Tom Head [5] has given an elegant and simple DNA algorithm to solve the SAT and other hard problems. Artificial plasmids are created, which are circular double-stranded DNA molecules. The DNA computation is done by initializing with this single molecular variety combining the operations of cut and paste into a single compound operation. In this paper, we modify this algorithm to present a cryptanalytic attack on the cryptosystem based on propositional logic.


The invention discloses a method for improving the high-temperature performance of an alumina-base ceramic core, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing an alumina-base ceramic core blank by adopting a gel casting molding process; secondly, preparing an alumina-base ceramic core prefabricated body with a plurality of holes and certain room-temperature anti-bending strength by freezing, drying and pre-sintering; thirdly, allowing penetrating fluid to seep into the alumina-base ceramic core prefabricated body under the conditions of vacuum and external pressure, drying, removing gel and soaking under vacuum and at pressure for three times; and finally, sintering at a high temperature to obtain the required alumina-base ceramic core. The alumina-base ceramic core prepared by the invention has high high-temperature performance and high core-removing property, can meet the process requirements of a hollow turbine blade on directional casting and single-crystal casting and guarantees the qualification rate of blade castings.


The Family in Flux in Southeast Asia addresses the need to understand new trends affecting basic family structures in the region: decreases in fertility rates, aging populations, rising divorce rates, increases in female-headed households, smaller families, and increasing mobility of migrant workers. Leading scholars from disciplines including history, political science, economics, sociology, literary studies, and anthropology address topics including legal institutionalization, polygamy, national identity, gender roles, migration, and transnational marriage. They present cases of complementary, alternative, or parallel developments form Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The authors provide a critical look at how notions of the family are negotiated amidst worries over the family's disintegration in the face of globalizing trends and increasing mobility, and how it is affected by increasing flows in the globalizing world.


Automatic segmentation of BGA bubbles is of great significance for industrial defect detection. In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved good performance in the field of image processing and is widely used in defect segmentation tasks. Nevertheless, limited by the local receptive field and inductive bias of CNN, existing methods cannot capture sufficient global dependencies for accurate BGA bubble segmentation. Recently, the methods of combining Transformer and CNN can utilize the advantages of both to achieve full mining of sufficient global information and local information. However, the gap between Transformer representations and CNN representations is often ignored in most existing methods, which leads to the problem of feature conflict. In this paper, we propose a novel Effective Fusion Network to merge the gap between Transformer and CNN and to segment small bubbles and bubbles with blurred boundaries. Specifically, we propose a feature alignment module (FAM) to effectively fuse Transformer features and CNN features to merge the gap between them. Furthermore, a consistency constraint loss function is added to the overall loss function for better information complementarity. The experimental results show that our proposed method can more accurately segment small bubbles and bubbles with blurred boundaries on our own collected BGA bubble dataset. Besides, we have achieved the state-of-the-art results with a Dice of 88.92%, an IoU of 80.52% and a Sensitivity of 90.40%


A suspect, defendant or convict has the right to receive protection if he becomes a victim in a criminal justice process, that is, if an arrest and detention is made that is not in accordance with legal procedures. This research method is juridical normative. The formulation of the problems in this research are: How do the arrangements for providing compensation for victims of criminal acts due to wrongful arrest and detention, what reasons cause the victim of a crime to sue for compensation and how legal protection and the mechanism for prosecuting compensation for damages. compensation is contained in Article 9 of Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Powers, Article 95, Article 96 of the Criminal Procedure Code, for compensation for victims regulated in Article 98 to Article 102. The reasons that cause victims to demand compensation are: a). Unauthorized arrest, b). Illegal detention, c). Prosecuted and tried without being based on law, d). Losses due to actions without reason under the law, e) Termination of investigation and termination of prosecution, f). Compensation after review. The form of legal protection for victims is contained in Government Regulation Number 92 of 2015 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulation Number 27 of 1983 concerning the Implementation of the Criminal Procedure Code. the mechanism for filing compensation is stated in Article 79, Article 95 paragraph (2), Article 80 of the Criminal Procedure Code.


Male, female and juvenile wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) observed living on a high, south facing brick wall in April and August were sometimes (4% of total observation time in adult males) seen immobile, facing d ownwards in an orientation equivalent to the 'survey' posture of Anolis and other Iguanidae. Some aspects of the temporal dynamics of the behaviour were investigated. It was most commonly seen in adult males during August, when there were significant trends for the frequency of the posture to increase towards the base of the wall and for the mean time spent immobile in the posture to be greater than the mean times immobile at other orientations. The 'survey' posture at the middle and higher levels of the wall appeared to be associated with topographical features such as small tufts of vegetation or bricks which stood proud from the remainder. This association could not be tested directly, but fixing a small strip of wood to the wall increased the duration of locomotor pauses and the frequency of 'survey' postures of lizards when they were immediately above it.


Nowadays, and under the global warming circumstances we are facing, particularly those resulting from the building sectors, many directions for more sustainable and eco-friendly concepts have emerged. From these sustainability approaches is the "Biomimicry" approach. This approach represents the science of imitating and benefiting from nature's principles. Nature has provided various strategies to adapt to the surrounding conditions. There are several methodologies and tools developed following the biomimicry approach and taking nature as inspiration. However, difficulties arise in collaborating more than one discipline, which consumes a lot of time and effort, consequently cost. Furthermore, the existing methodologies are still too generic for architects. Therefore, this paper aims at developing a platform that integrates different methodologies, approaches, and tools comprehensively.In this paper, the focus would be on plant adaptations. A more focus would be on the building's envelope specifically due to its valuable contribution to the building's overall energy consumption. The paper seeks to integrate the plant's adaptive strategies to the building envelope. The motivation is to tackle solutions for the building envelope environmental problems mainly for heat, water air, and light challenges.


Organic India introduced a psyllium pre & probiotic fiber powder in three flavors—orange, cinnamon spice, and original—that can be used in baked goods, smoothies, and more.


The invention provides a novel intelligent dual-purpose transportation tool based on wind power suspended propulsion and ground skating. The tool comprises a framework, a ground skating system, a wind power suspension system, a control coordination system and a power drive system. The ground skating system is installed at the lower end of the framework; the wind power suspension system and the control coordination system are installed inside the framework; and the power drive system provides power for the ground skating system and the wind power suspension system. The wind power suspension system mainly comprises a ducted fan fixedly installed on a base in a matched mode. When a sliding plate skates on the ground, the ducted fan does not work, a control module senses the foot pressure of an operator, and a control signal is output to achieve acceleration, deceleration and steering of the sliding plate. When the sliding plate gets off the ground to be suspended to fly, the control module controls a ducted fan speed controller, and wind power suspension propulsion of the sliding plate is achieved. The tool has the grounding skating and air suspension propulsion functions and can help a user safely and comfortably drive under various road conditions.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a neonatal airway adapter (10) having an internal passageway (54) to slide, the void volume of the inner bore (76) of the airway (112) is almost completely eliminated Te to reduce the mixing of the exhaled gas and void gas, the waveform of the breath is such as to maintain without excessive distortion. Furthermore, the level of rebreathing is reduced by almost complete elimination of void volume. The neonatal airway adapter to the endotracheal tube adapter, are connected in such a way as to eliminate the influence of the difference in the current available inside diameter different as used ET adapter (20) and an internal length. Section of the bore of the airways from ET adapter flows breath connector breathing apparatus, particularly in the area of the gas sampling point (66), almost kept constant, reasonable laminar flow and accurate sampling conditions ensure It has become as to be maintained at.


The new media plays a very important role in the process of college students' growth and success. With opportunities and challenges, the college students make use of new media to guide themselves to carry on 'three-self education'. It's a platform for college students making their dream come true as well as a mean to achieve 'three-self education' through setting up three-dimensional 'three-self organizations' network, taking advantage of new media to carry out 'three-self education' and establishing new media service team.


This chapter evaluates the sorption behavior of metallic ions on specimen calcite as a basis for determining the importance of calcite relative to other subsurface sorbents, such as layer silicates and oxides, in controlling metal ion concentration in calcareous groundwaters. A review of the literature shows the sorption of both metallic cations and anions on calcite over ranges in pH and CO{sub 2} partial pressure to be consistent with a surface-exchange process where cations exchange with surface Ca and anions exchange with surface CO{sub 3}. A general surface-exchange model was developed to account for the effects of Ca and CO{sub 3} concentrations, pH, and calcite surface area on cation and anion sorption onto calcite. The model was applied to recently developed experimental sorption data of Zn and SeO{sub 3} on specimen calcite in equilibrium CaCO{sub 3}(aq) suspensions. The surface-exchange model was able to describe the effects of pH on both cation and anion sorption, and provided good predictions of the effects of variable CO{sub 2}(g) pressure on Zn sorption and of PO{sub 4} on SeO{sub 3} sorption. The surface-exchange model, combined with sorption constants for other phases, was used to calculate Cd sorption to a hypothetical aquifer material containing amore » mixture of sorbents. The sorbent concentrations were fixed to those expected in groundwater zones. The multi-sorbent calculation documented the importance of calcite as a sorbent for metallic ions in groundwater.93 refs., 18 figs., 5 tabs.« less


Objective. Research on bio-mechanical features of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in Human Wrist can provide theoretical basis for injury prevention, rehabilitation, artificial materials replacement and etc. Method. Use the biomaterial micro-scale test system to conduct stress-relaxation test and one-dimensional tensile failure test on eight cases of fresh specimens from adult male Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in Human Wrist. Findings. 1. For the various structures and parts of TFCC there is significant difference in the stress relaxation rate. Comparison among parts of carpal fibrocartilage plates shows significant differences in elastic response, while ligamenta and tendon sheath comparison shows no significant difference. 2. The elastic response of all parts of wrist fibrous cartilage is quite different; The difference is little for ligamenta and tendon sheath. The visco-elasticity of the dorsal part of the wrist fibrous cartilage is stronger than that of the palm part. The dorsal part may bear large load; Visco-elasticity and capability to bear load do not differ greatly for ligamenta, tendon sheath and other parts of soft tissues. The fracture stress is relatively large for the dorsal ulnar plate of the wrist fibrous cartilage, and relatively small for extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sheath. 3. The constitutive equation constant was calculated for each part of the wrist fibrous cartilage, ligamenta and tendon sheath, and as a further result, the normalized stress relaxation function, elastic response and the constitutive equation are derived. Interpretation. The causes of injury in the ligamenta and tendon sheath mainly relate to the form of sports and range of motion. The fracture stress is larger in fibrous cartilage back foot, while it is smaller in the carpi-ulnaris tendon sheath. The former is not easily to be injured in motion, while the latter is prone to be injured.


External morphology and the oral disc of Clinotarsus alticola tadpoles from Rosekandy Tea Estate of Cachar district, Assam are being described in the present paper. The mouthpart structures were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at Gosner stage 26. Oral disc is composed of anterior (upper) labium and posterior (lower) labium. The upper jaw sheath is straight while the lower jaw sheath is V-shaped. Tooth rows are uniserial. Denticle formula is 5(3-5)/ 7(1) for stage 26 and 7(3-7)/7(1) for stage 38.The number of tooth rows increases during ontogeny.


This analyzes the main problems 471 higher vocational college students encountered in the entrepreneurial process through the way of questionnaire and interview,discusses its relationship with the social support system,and how the social support system is missing.Then,it presents necessary supporting policies and measures,the information support of developing entrepreneurship education and self-employment,social support of building networks covering the government,universities,society,family and individuals to promote active entrepreneurship of higher vocational college students.


Objective:To analysis mutation site of the BRCA1 gene in sporadic breast cancer in Inner Mongolia women.Methods:We collected fresh breast cancer specimens with matched blood sample from 40 patients,and blood sample from 30 unrelated normal women without cancer was selected as control. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samplesusing TIANamp Blood DNA Kitextraction. The entire BRCA1 coding sequence was amplified by PCR with primers especially designed.The 2 620~ 2894 bp and 3 570~ 3 847 bp fragments of exon 11 were amplified, which sequence analysis were performed in an ABI3100 DNA sequencer.Results:We compared sequence of two DNA fragments with that in the GeneBank, no nucleotide alteration was found in two DNA fragments.Conclusion:There hasn' t been any mutation found within the part of sporadic breast cancer patients' BRCA1 gene exon 11 expressed 2 620~ 2 894 bp and 3 570~ 3 847 bp region during our study.


his opinions and conclusions. The result is a book which, despite the well known sympathies of the author, is as unbiassed and objective a description of Fascism in operation in the Italian peninsula as can well be obtained. In its pages, as in no other recent book on the subject, the American reader may penetrate beyond the constitutional and philosophical fictions of the regime and its superficial glamour to the realities of its behavior. These reveal the dictatorship's polizeistaat with all its unlovely characteristics, chief of which appear to be civil servility, bureaucratic lethargy, social indifference, and, above all, ruthless repression.


This paper proposes a robust adaptive feedback linearization control (RAFLC) using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-type recurrent Petri fuzzy-neural-network (T-RPFNN) to obtain better dynamic and steady-state performance for the linear induction motor (LIM) drive system. The proposed control method includes a feedback linearization controller (FLC), a T-RPFNN estimators and an adaptive PI controller. In the RAFLC design, the FLC is used to stabilize the LIM drive system and the T-RPFNN estimators are utilized to approximate the nonlinear functions of the LIM and the gains of the adaptive controller. Besides, the adaptive PI controller is used to keep the control magnitude bounded and to reduce the chattering in the control inputs. Moreover, the Lyapunov stability analysis are used to drive the online adaptive control laws, hence the stability of the RAFLC scheme can be guaranteed. The dynamic behavior of LIM drive system using the proposed RAFLC not only assures the closed-loop stability, but also guarantees the robust performance for the overall system. An experimental setup is built to check the validity of the proposed RAFLC scheme. The experimental results endorse the proposed RAFLC robustness even at uncertain dynamics existence and external disturbances.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Yongchuan district from 2004 to 2009,carry out targeted control measures.Method Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the incidence of measles in Yongchuan from 2004 to 2009.Results The average annual incidence rate of measles in Yongchuan district was 5.96/105.The incidence peaked in February to July,and concentrated in the small age groups.Among the cases,children aged 8 months accounted for 5.91%,children aged ≤7 accounted for 58.35%,and children aged ≤15 accounted for 84.83% of the total;people with immune history accounted for 19.03%,in which vaccinated 1 dose accounted for 7.46%,vaccinated 2 doses accounted for 7.20%,and vaccinated 3 doses accounted for 4.37%.Conclusion The periodic epidemicity mode of measles in Yongchuan district hasn't been changed;control and elimination of measles in month-age children can't be ignored.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2B SUMMARY Background. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulates epidermis cell growth, proliferation and differentiation in skin regeneration. The aim of this study was to pre-clinically investigation of the role of EGF in tendon healing. Methods. One cm defects were created at the right Achilles tendons of 30 New Zealand White rabbits. Ten rabbits were allocated to one of three groups: Group-1-(Sham) tendon defect with a gap that was splinted with a non-absorbable suture; Group-2-(EGF +) tendon defect with a gap that was splinted with a non-absorbable suture and a 25 μg/kg EGF injection into the defect; Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF) tendon defect was grafted with a biodegradable, porous Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold loaded with 25 μg/kg EGF and stabilized with a non-absorbable suture. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks post-surgery and Achilles tendon repair and healing status was investigated using histopathologic and biomechanical analysis methods. Results. Group-2-(EGF +) had greater adipocyte development (moderate) than Group1-(Sham) and Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF). Group-2-(EGF +) and Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF) had greater peripheral nerve development (weak) than Group-1-(Sham). Group-2(EGF +) had greater vascularization (moderate) than Group-1-(Sham) and Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF). Group-2-(EGF +) had greater collagen Type-III development (moderate) than Group-1-(Sham) and Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF). Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF) had greater collagen Type-I development (moderate) than Group-1-(Sham) and Group2-(EGF +). Groups did not display statistically significant differences for load to failure or elongation at failure. Group-2-(EGF +) and Group-3-(Scaffold + EGF) displayed less stiffness that the control (healthy contralateral Achilles tendon) (p < 0.05), however, experimental groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The application of EGF and scaffold displayed superior histological tendon healing evidence, but there was no significant difference in terms of biomechanics.


The leaf color of chlorophyll-deficient mutant Mt135 (Triticum aestivum L.) shows albino, striped, and green phenotypes. The number and structure of chloroplasts in the albino plant and albino tissue of striped plants are significantly different from those in the wild type, which results in the complete loss of photosynthetic function in albino plant/tissue. The expression alteration of chloroplast genes in young seedlings of albino Mt135 and wild type was studied using RT-PCR technique, and 40 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in the albino plant/tissue, including 18 genes up-regulated and 22 genes down-regulated. These genes categorized into four groups encoded proteins responding photoreaction (31%), enzymes of energy metabolism in chloroplast (27%), ribosome biogenesis (25%), and tRNA biosynthesis (17%). The alteration trends of 13 up-regulated genes detected in the striped plants were similar to those in albino seedlings. Among these differentially expressed genes, gene families of psb, psa, and ycf encoding structural proteins of photosystem II and I were down-regulated significantly,genes encoding ribosomal protein subunits were altered, especially expressions of gene rps14 encoding small ribosomel subunit protein and 23S rDNA encoding 23S rRNA were down-regulated significantly. It was concluded that the differential expression of these genes related with proteins responding photoreaction, enzymes of energy metabolism in chloroplast, ribosome biogenesis and tRNA biosynthesis may induce the phenotype of mutant Mt135.


In 2009 NIST developed a US national flow standard to provide traceability for flow meters used for custody transfer of pipeline quality natural gas. NIST disseminates the SI unit of flow by calibrating a customer flow meter against a parallel array of turbine meter working standards, which in turn are traceable to a pressure–volume–temperature–time (PVTt) primary standard. The calibration flow range extends from 0.125 actual m3/s to 9 actual m3/s with an expanded uncertainty as low as 0.22% at high flows, and increasing to almost 0.40% at the lowest flows. Details regarding the traceability chain and uncertainty analysis are documented in prior publications. The current manuscript verifies NIST's calibration uncertainty via a bilateral comparison with the German National Metrology Institute PTB. The results of the bilateral are linked to the 2006 key comparison results between three EURAMET national metrology institutes (i.e., PTB, VSL and LNE). Linkage is accomplished in spite of using a different transfer standard in the bilateral versus the key comparison. A mathematical proof is included that demonstrates that the relative difference between a laboratory's measured flow and the key comparison reference value is independent of the transfer package for most flow measurement applications. The bilateral results demonstrate that NIST's natural gas flow measurements are within their specified uncertainties and are equivalent to those of the EURAMET National Metrology Institutes. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


Objective
To investigate the effect of doxorubicin loaded magnetic nanoparticles (DOX-MNP) on reversal of multidrug resistance in human osteosarcoma cell line R-OS-732 in vitro.

Methods
The cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of DOX-MNP were visualized by virtue of the intrinsic red fluorescence of doxorubicin under a fluorescence microscopy. The inhibitory effect of DOX-MNP on proliferation of R-OS-732 cells was assayed by MTT method. The influence on apoptosis of DOX-MNP was analysed using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining by flow cytometry.

Results
Compared with free doxorubicin, DOX-MNP showed more intracellular uptake, increased accumulation in the nucleus and enhanced antiproliferative effect against R-OS-732 cells. DOX-MNP showed increased necrosis rather than apoptosis in R-OS-732 cells.

Conclusion
DOX-MNP has pronounced antiproliferative effect against multidrug resistant human osteosarcoma cells in vitro, providing a new strategy for reversal of multidrug resistance.

Key words:
Osteosarcoma; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticle; Cytotoxicity


Since art and science went their separate ways in the 18th century, the purpose of science has been to generate true knowledge based on reason and objectivity. However, during the second half of the 20th century, opinions emerged within science that showed the impossibility of eliminating subjectivity in scientific practice. This paper describes the similarity of the subjective judgements that form part of the peer-review systemdthe method devised by the scientific community to guarantee truth and objectivitydand the subjective judgements involved in artistic evaluation. Until the 18th century, art and science in western culture walked in parallel and were not as clearly differentiated as they are now. There was no concept to distinguish art from other human activities, such as craft or science, and their products. The frontiers were diffuse and the type of activity in this territory can not be clearly ascribed to a specific category of human knowledge or actions. Since antiquity, any activity related to art or science revolved around the platonic idea of 'the good, the true, and the beautiful'. 3 In the case of artists, their effort to attain objective truth reached its culmination in the early renaissance: 'First study science and then follow the practice born of that science', Leonardo da Vinci advised the artist. Although, at the same time, Leonardo also began to question the platonic trinity by pointing out that any system of ideal proportions is in contradiction with the variety offered by nature. Artists and scientists saw that the simultaneous presence of truth and perfect beauty in representation was not possible, and the platonic ideal was abandoned in the late renaissance. This abandonment in science began in the early 17th century when Kepler rejected the theory that planets travel in circular trajectories, considered inevitable because they were the most perfect and harmonious, after observing that the planets follow elliptical orbits. Subsequently, the arrival of modernity, with its clear rationalist vocation, led to the separation of art and science, culminating in the early 20th century when art and science definitively became opposing activities. Art was linked with intuition and subjectivity in the creation of aesthetic objects, in which the dissonant, the asymmetrical and the undefined gained the right to be beautiful. Science, for its part, became the producer of true knowledge based on the scientific method, reason and objectivity. Important discoveries like those of Galileo, Newton or Einstein supported the reliability of science as a source of knowledge, but the fundamental innovation was their configuration as institutions. Art was converted into a culturally different institution, in which a network of agents and entitiesdartists, critics, the public, national museums and libraries, galleries, collectors, industry, etcdinteract with one another. Science saw the emergence of the scientific community, in which the different agents cooperate based on a series of norms of cognitive behaviour in order to increase the quality of knowledge. Subsequently, in the mid-20th century, the peer-review system emerged as the best way to ensure truth and objectivity, and scientific practice has now turned into something indistinguishable from peer review. CONSCIOUSNESS OF SUBJECTIVITY IN SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE Curiously, from the time when science and art became separate disciplines, various post-modern philosophers such as Kuhn, Feyerabend and Latour began to voice their opinions denying the possibility that science could achieve true knowledge. Likewise, during the second half of the 20th century, opinions emerged within science that showed the impossibility of eliminating subjectivity in scientific practice. It is assumed that authors, reviewers and editors resort to extrascientific supports to defend their ideas. Empirical facts and reason are not the only supports for scientific hypotheses, because they are joined by other supports of a psychological, social or cultural character, in which speculations, feelings and status play an important role. One need only pause to consider the debates on matters of scientific controversy to realise how fully subjectivity is incorporated into scientific practice. One of the intense debates about the possible effects of passive smoking on health serves as an example. The publication of a study in the British Medical Journal concluding that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke had no effect on mortality from ischaemic heart disease or lung cancer generated enormous polemic. The journal published several letters to the editor, the authors' replies and two editorial comments. In these comments, the editors noted the lack of arguments in many of the letters, and concluded that the debate was far more notable for its passion than for its precision. Scientists are subject to the desires, biases, vanities, aesthetic tendencies and moral judgements that make up human nature and are influenced by prevailing ideas of what the world is like. Even though it is supposed that they must abandon them in the face of incontrovertible facts, this is not necessarily what happens. For example, aesthetic feelings can influence support for or rejection of a theory. For many scientists, the beauty of a theory is an indication of its validity. Likewise, interpretation is never independent of a scientist's beliefs, preconceptions, or theoretical commitments. How scientists interpret what they Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CIBER Epidemiologı́a y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona,


Absorption of gravitational forces has mainly been investigated during periods of solar eclipse by several investigators, and it has been established that the absorption effect of gravitation, if it exists, does not exceed the noise level. The mass of the earth is larger than that of the moon and therefore the gravitational absorption due to the earth's mass itself should be larger than that due to the moon's mass. In the present paper, a trial to detect the absorption effect of the lunar gravitational forces by the earth's mass is described by using data obtained with an Askania gravimeter No. Ill, installed at Kyo to, during a period of one year. By the present investigation, it is ascertained that the gravitational absorption due to the earth's mass is about 4 ,ugal and that its value reaches a maximum two hours after the instant when the moon transited the meridian of the observation station. The value of amplitude obtained by observation is in good agreement with that predicted by theoretical calculation. But concerning the phase, there exists a difference of about 180° compared with that expected by theoretical calculation.


This study aims to determine the effect of the Flipped Classroom learning model on student learning outcomes on Environmental Pollution material in Al-Hijrah Integrated Islamic Junior High School Medan. This research is a quantitative research (quasi-experimental). The population in this study were all class VII IT Al-Hijrah Junior High School Medan, totaling 94 students. The sample taken in this study was random sampling consisting of two classes, namely class VII-AB Ikhwan as an experimental class and class VII-B Ikhwan as a control class with 16 students in each class. Based on the results of data analysis, the average pretest value of the experimental class was 40.42 including the low category, the posttest average value of 81.0 including the high category. While the average pretest for the control class is 40.00, including the low category and the average score for the posttest for the control class is 61.67, including the low category. The results of hypothesis testing tarithmetic = 5.35 > ttable = 2.04 with probability = 0.05 and dk = 30. With the conclusion that the hypothesis H0 rejected and the hypothesis Ha is accepted, because tcount > ttable = 5.35 > 2.04. This shows that there is an effect of using the flipped classroom learning model on student learning outcomes.


We established mathematical models and explored the role of a learned response (avoidance behavior) to understand and manage the hunter-covey interface. Furthermore, we examined the dynamic nature of the probability of flush, given encounter, in a population that learned to avoid hunters as time passed. Learning rate was defined as the proportion of a covey that leaves the naive population and enters the experienced population per unit of hunter-covey contact. The conditional probability of flushing and shooting at a covey, given a covey encounter, declined through the season. This is because the probability of flushing was lower for experienced than for naive coveys and the population of experienced coveys grew with exposure. Thus, quality of hunting declined at a faster rate than quail population; i.e., birds became more wary as the hunting season progresses. The birds' ability to avoid hunters provided an explanation of the sudden reappearance of bobwhites contributing to reproduction in areas where hunters were unsuccessful the previous hunting season. Management can use our models to manipulate the interface and obtain a desired population following the hunting season. Citation: Radomski, A.A., and FS. Guthery. 2000. Theory of the hunter-covey interface. Pages 78-81 in L.A. Brennan, W.E. Palmer, L.W. Burger, Jr., and T.L. Pruden (eds.). Quail IV: Proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.


for the median nerve at the carpal tunnel and forearm, ulnar nerve at the wrist and medial epicondyle, radial nerve at the spiral groove, peroneal nerve at the fibular head, and tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa, respectively. The nerve CSA was significantly larger in men than in women and was correlated with body mass index, weight, and height. A bifid median nerve and persistent median artery were seen in 12 (7.5%) and 4 (2.5%) of 160 hands, respectively. Conclusions: The information produced in this study can serve as reference data when evaluating these nerve sites using ultrasound.


Sisters of the Spirit, ed by WiUiam L. Andrews. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. 232 pp. $29.50. ISBN 0-253-035260-6. A Karl Barth Reader, by Karl Barth. Ed. by Rolf Joachim Erler and Reiner Marquand. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1986.116 pp. $6.95. ISBN 0-8028-0190-0. Institutes of the Christian ReUgion: 1536 edition. Vol I & II by John Cakin. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1986/(reprint) 582 pp. 676 pp. $25.00. ISBN 0-8028-2319-8. Letters of St Cyprian, Vol 3, by G. W. Clarke. New York: Paulist Press, 1986.123 pp. No price given. ISBN 0-8091-0369-9. Preaching on Favorite Hymns, by Frank Colquhoun. London: Mowbrays, 1986. 138 pp. $4.76. ISBN 0-264-67054-X. Humor in Preaching, by John W. Drakeford. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986. 101 pp. $6.95. ISBN 0-310-20121-7. ReUgious Broadcast Management Handbook, by Thomas C. Durfey and James A. Ferner. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986. 234 pp. $12.95. ISBN 0-310-39741-3. Exodus, by John I. Durham. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco: Word, 1987. 501 pp. $25.95. ISBN 0-8499-0202-9. Faith Development and Fowler, ed. by Craig Dykstra and Sharon Parks. Birmingham: Reli gious Education Press, 1986. 300 pp. $14.95. ISBN 0-89135-056-X. A New Hearing: Living Options in Homilectic Method, by Richard L. Esllnger. Nashville: Abingdon, 1987.189 pp. $10.96. ISBN 0-687-27693-4. 280 Paradoxes or Wondrous Sayings, ed. by Sebastian Franck and E. J. Furcha. New York: Edwin Mellen, 1986.499 pp. $69.96. ISBN 0-89946-814-1. Less Than Conquerors, by Douglas W. Frank. Grand Rapids: B. Eerdmans, 1986. 278 pp. $14.96. ISBN 0-8028-0228-1. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern CLC, by David J. Garrow. New York: Wm. Morrow Co., 1986. 626 pp. $19.96. ISBN 0-688-04794-7. Medieval Thought, by Michael Haren. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. 211 pp. $27.50. ISBN 0-312-62816-7. What is Christianity, by Adolf Von Harnack. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986. 301 pp. $17.50. ISBN 0-8006-3201-X. Reprint of 1957 edition. Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and Early Christianity, ed. by Charles W. Hedrick and Robert Hodgson, Jr. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1986. 307 pp. No price given. ISBN 0-913573-16-7. The Mormon Corporate Empire, by John Heinerman and Anson Shupe. Boston: Beacon, 1985. 268 pp. $19.95. ISBN 0-8070-0406-6. Understanding Cults and New Religions, by Irving Hexham and Karla Poewe. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1986.166 pp. $8.96. ISBN 0-8028-0170-6. Quakers in Conflict, by Larry H. Ingle. Knoxville: University of Ibnnessee Press, 1986. 299 pp. $29.96. ISBN 0-89-049-601-1. The Thessalonian Correspondence, by Robert Jewett. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986. 192 pp. $17.96. ISBN 0-8006-2111-6. Karl Barth, A Theological Legacy, by Eberhard Jungel. Philadelphia Westminster, 1986. 138 pp. $13.96. ISBN 0-664-24031-3. Mt Atkos, by Kadas Sortiris. New Rochelle, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas, 1979. 128 pp. $20.00 ISBN 0-89241-369-7. Family Resources: The Hidden Partner in Family Therapy, ed. by Mark A. Karpel. New York: Guilford, 1986. 469 pp. $37.60. ISBN 0-89862-069-4. Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts, by Joseph Klaits. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.176 pp. $18.96. ISBN 0-263-35182-0.


In general, investors try to hold the most efficient portfolio of stocks, which is done by rebalancing the portfolio from time to time by either buying or selling stocks. However, rebalancing a portfolio incurs transaction costs that often hamper the performance of the portfolio, resulting in less revenue or return than initially expected. Over a few dimensions as type and number of stocks, holding period, and trading strategy, the transaction costs structure applied in Peru has been compared and analyzed with respect to the ones applied in the U.S. We conclude that a retail investor actively trading in Peru can pay up to fourteen times more in transaction costs than trading the same portfolio but in the U.S. These comparatively high transactions costs prevent retail investors to trade in the Peruvian stock market while fueling illiquidity to this market.


The notion of "socialist harmonious society" is fundamentally a new contribution to our socialist construction theory,which foretells that our socialist cause with Chinese characteristics will surely make a strategic progress.The construction of socialist harmonious society inherently requires judicial safeguard which in turn is the best one for the construction of the harmonious society.To realize the judicial safeguard of the harmonious society,our judicial system must be improved to qualify itself as the real best safeguard of our socialist harmonious society.


This paper deals with an anisotropic diffusion based noise removal technique which utilizes the new diffusion function based on tangent sigmoid function. A local edge indicator function based on local structure tensor is also used in the proposed technique, to reduce the noise and detection of edges in digital images. From the experimental results, we observe that the proposed method is better and near to the other state-of-the-art approaches, in terms of both qualitatively and quantitatively. Numerical tests were performed on various images, which are corrupted by Gaussian noise and results illustrate that the proposed approach is more efficient than existing one.


The life and work of Pasinetti is overviewed by the founding scholar of computable economics, who observed this Italian economist's formative years at Cambridge University. Folding in tributes from three further scholars, the obituary identifies Pasinetti's contribution to capital theory, his view of the macro foundations of microeconomics, his focus on production rather than exchange, and his separation of theoretical and institutional economic analysis.


We conduct the first systematic comparison of automated semantic annotation based on either the full-text or only on the title metadata of documents. Apart from the prominent text classification baselines kNN and SVM, we also compare recent techniques of Learning to Rank and neural networks and revisit the traditional methods logistic regression, Rocchio, and Naive Bayes. Across three of our four datasets, the performance of the classifications using only titles reaches over 90% of the quality compared to the performance when using the full-text.


Abstract A singularity method is presented for solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation in order to determine electrostatic interactions in multiparticle systems. Results are presented for (1) two and three unequal spheres interacting in bulk solution, (2) a single sphere interacting with a planar interface, (3) a sphere interacting with a planar interface on which three other spheres are adsorbed, and (4) a sphere interacting with a cylindrical fiber or rod-like particle. Boundary conditions of constant surface potential, constant surface charge, and the "linearized regulation model" are used. The results obtained are shown to be in excellent agreement with existing approximations where appropriate and with existing exact solutions where available. Calculations involving more than two spheres are compared with results derived by using pairwise additive interactions, and limitations of the pairwise additivity approximation are discussed. The method is developed in a way that is not specific to any particular locations of the particles or boundaries, making it possible to incorporate it into Stokesian dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations of many interacting spheres.


Objective : To identify the use of forage tree species in three animal husbandry farms in the Macanacú valley of the Guisa municipality, Granma province. Materials and Methods : In three animal husbandry farms (Macanacú, El Sao and La Gloria) three transects of 1 500 m 2 were made, subdivided into plots of 20 x 25 m. All the species were collected and taxonomically identified and were organized in alphabetical order and by family. The inventory of the existing forage tree species was carried out. The species present were characterized, according to their use and services offered in the studied zone. Results : A total of 23 species that were used in the animal husbandry systems were recorded. The high representa - tiveness of the family Fabaceae stands out, with 18 % of the total, for having legume and forage species, all of them of interest for animal husbandry. The forage tree species like Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp, are the most widely used as feeding source for the livestock of the region. Conclusions : Twenty three tree species, with potential for silvopastoral use, were identified. The high representative - ness of the family Fabaceae was proven, with 18 % of the total species. Nine tree species that are consumed by cattle were recorded, among which S. saman, A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala , G. ulmifolia, and G. sepium stand out.


Between April 1998 and December 2001, a preliminary survey was made on population of Francois' langur in Wulong and Pengshui Counties From the four investigations, four families of Francois' langur were found to make their home at the juncture of the two counties The largest population ever observed was about 17 - 18; the smallest was about 5, and the total was about 40 - 50 at present The characteristics of habitat and ecological environment of Francois' langur rely on evergreen broadleaved forest mainly natural spotted broadleaved forest The decrease of the population size and the reduction of distribution range were caused by factors including frequent human activities, broken habitat and changes of ecological environments, and possibly affected by reproductive isolation to a large extent


A right R-module M is said to be a test module for flatness (shortly: an f-test module) provided for each left R-module N , Tor(M,N) = 0 implies N is flat. f -test modules are flat version of the Whitehead test modules for injectivity defined by Trlifaj. In this paper the properties of f-test modules are investigated and are used to characterize various families of rings. The structure of a ring over which every (finitely generated) right R-module is flat or f-test is investigated. Abelian groups that are Whitehead test modules for injectivity or f-test are characterized. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 16A50; 16D40; 18G25.


Foreword Kirit Parekh Preface Introduction The Hexagon of Human Development: The Indian Setting Human Development: Bases and Processes Origins of Knowledge on Human Development Sources of Knowledge on Human Development The Study of Human Development Research Concerns The Development of Critical Skills Identity and Interpersonal Competence Societal Mores and their Implications Concluding Overview Appendices Index


To maintain the safety of infrastructure, it is important to detect not onl y cracks but also corrosion due to aging. Ultrasonic testing is thus widely us d to detect reduced material thickness es from corrosion; eddy current testing, however, is not presently utilized for such investigations. A rapid testing method is no netheless needed because of pretreatment protocols (such as the peeling of coating s) associated with ultrasonic inspection. In this study, we attempted to measure magn etic signals of the back sides of thick steel plates by applying low-frequency magnetic f i ld measurements via large skin depths and magnetoresistive (MR) sensor with a widerange uniform frequency response, as opposed to simply utilizing a p ickup coil. The developed measurement system consisted of an excitation coil, a compens ation coil, an MR sensor, a lock-in amplifier, a function generator, an amplifier, and an A/D converter. The compensation coil was mounted in a sensor position to cancel any direct excitation magnetic field and thereby improve the signal to noise ratio. The lock-in amplifier detects a frequency component signal to the same extent as a applied magnetic field. The magnetic field vector was obtained by the in-phase and quadrature components of the detected signal. The sensor was arranged in the normal (z-) axis direction to obtain magnetic field from samples. The magnetic respon se characteristics using the magnetic field vector (with a range of low frequ encies from 1 Hz to 1 kHz of different thickness samples) were measured. Conseque tly, the magnetic response characteristics showed a general dependency with thickness. Next, 12-mm-thick steel plate test samples that exhibited partial corrosion of different depths on their back sides were measured and subsequently imaged by twodimensional scanning. As a result, the back side corrosion levels were visu ally characterized, with associated thickness-dependence images ultimately obtained. The results show ed that the developed system is useful and convenient as a nondestructive testing technique for detecting the corrosion of ferromagnetic material objects.


Title: Effect of a rare genetic variant of TM7SF4 gene on osteoclasts of patients with Paget's disease of bone Authors: Emilie Laurier (firstname.lastname@example.com) Nathalie Amiable (firstname.lastname@example.com) Edith Gagnon (firstname.lastname@example.com) Jacques Brown (email@example.com) Laetitia Michou (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 30 Sep 2017 Author's response to reviews: RESPONSES TO REVIEWER'S COMMENTS We wish to thank reviewers for their constructive comments, which have helped us to improve this manuscript. Modifications in the manuscript have been made in the enclosed revised version and can be seen in track changes.


This review describes studies on the structures of complex lipids and their component in marine animals. Complex lipids have many physiologically important functions, such as serving as receptors of signals from the external world, recognizing of other cells, and functioning as antigens. Our laboratory has been focusing on sphingoglycolipids consisiting of ceramide, N-acyl long chain bases (sphingosine), and sugar-chain, and sphingophosphono-lipids consisiting of ceramide and 2-aminoethylphosphonate or N-methylaminoethylphosphonate (the latter was discovered in our laboratory), which has a C-P direct bond. We have been extracting and isolating complex lipids and determining their structures using fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS), combined gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), and various chemical reactions. We have been rewarded with the discovery of many new long-chain bases, sugar-chains, and sphingolipids. Therefore, it is clarified that marine animals have so many unique and different sphingolipids and their component with those of land animals.


This paper describes how to constructive the railway management information system transport platform based on optical Ethernet. We discuss some of the potential service offerings enabled by Optical Ethernet. According to the characteristic of the railway communication networks ,we deal the networks with a metropolitan area networks , and design some a department 's LAN in the scope of the whole bureau by EoS technology .


In recent years, the flow of refugees to Sweden reached historic levels. Many of those who will flee Syria war. The group of Syrians who have permanent residence and is now going to create a new life in Sweden is great. How should Sweden take advantage of this group's expertise and how the refugees themselves will have a place in society in both the labor market but also socially. This is likely to be a recurring issue in the public debate. We feel that there are gaps in knowledge about these people and their ideas about Sweden, the way they thought it would be and how it turned out. This is an interview where six Syrians were asked about their expectations and experiences of Sweden. The results show that the respondents heard about Sweden as a free, democratic, egalitarian country with generous refugee policy and permanent residence permits. A country where you can be what you want only one struggling. When they add up how it has been for the first few years, they acknowledge that this is true but it is a long wait for a residence permit and yrkesvalideringar, it will take time before they get their first job and that it is difficult to find a forum where they can speak Swedish. The study can be developed in the future to investigate how the same group that has been in Sweden for some more time then understand their situation and if it changed.


-Tubulin functions as a multiprotein complex, called the -tubulin complex (-TuC), and composes the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Fission yeast Alp4 and Alp6 are homologues of two conserved -TuC proteins, hGCP2 and hGCP3, respectively. We isolated a novel gene, alp16, as a multicopy suppressor of temperature-sensitive alp6-719 mutants. alp16 encodes a 759-aminoacid protein with two conserved regions found in all other members of -TuC components. In addition, Alp16 contains an additional motif, which shows homology to hGCP6/Xgrip210. Gene disruption shows that alp16 is not essential for cell viability. However, alp16 deletion displays abnormally long cytoplasmic microtubules, which curve around the cell tip. Furthermore, alp16deleted mutants are hypersensitive to microtubule-depolymerizing drugs and synthetically lethal with either temperature-sensitive alp4-225, alp4-1891 ,o ralp6-719 mutants. Overproduction of Alp16 is lethal, with defective phenotypes very similar to loss of Alp4 or Alp6. Alp16 localizes to the spindle pole body throughout the cell cycle and to the equatorial MTOC at postanaphase. Alp16 coimmunoprecipitates with -tubulin and cosediments with the -TuC in a large complex (20 S). Alp16 is, however, not required for the formation of this large complex. We discuss evolutional conservation and divergence of structure and function of the -TuC between yeast and higher eukaryotes.


The structure and dynamics of atomic oxygen adsorbed on Ag(410) and Ag(210) surfaces have been investigated using density functional theory. Our results show that the adsorption configuration in which O adatoms decorate the upper side of the (110) steps forming O--Ag--O rows is particularly stable for both surfaces. On Ag(210), this arrangement is more stable than other configurations at all the investigated coverages. On Ag(410), adsorption on the terrace and at the step edge are almost degenerate, the former being slightly preferred at low coverage while the latter is stabilized by increasing the coverage. These findings are substantiated by a comparison between the vibrational modes, calculated within density-functional perturbation theory, and the HREEL spectrum which has been recently measured in these systems.


Chopin created consummate musician language,form structure,harmony and tonal technique in his nocturnes.He adopted trilogy on form structure.Chopin used many means to enrich his works' texture modalities and accompaniment means.He used to adopt means of "variation with decoration" on rhythm creation.On harmony and tonal technique,he applied largely colorific harmony,using means of finishing minor music with the major.He enhanced the emotion of music by acoustics shifting and acoustics functioning.


Information Theoretic Learning (ITL) [1] [2] is gaining popularity for designing adaptive filters for a non-stationary or non-Gaussian environment. ITL cost functions such as the Minimum Error Entropy (MEE) have been applied to both linear and nonlinear adaptive filtering with better overall performance compared with the typical minimum mean squared error (MSE) and least-squares type adaptive filtering [3] [4] especially for nonlinear systems and in higher-order statistic noise environments. In this paper, we develop a kernel adaptive filter for quaternion data based on normalized minimum error entropy cost function. We apply generalized Hamilton-real (GHR) calculus that is applicable to Hilbert space for evaluating the cost function gradient to develop the quaternion kernel normalized minimum error entropy (QKNMEE) algorithm. The new proposed algorithm enhanced MEE algorithm where the filter update stepsize selection will be independent of the input power and the kernel size.


In this paper, we present an automatic method for extracting the jet engine features from the joint time-frequency (JTF) representation of jet engine modulation (JEM) signals. First, short time Fourier transform (STFT) was used for acquiring the JTF representation. After converting the STFT result into an image with RGB colors, the green component was extracted as a representative of the JEM component. Finally, the peaks detected from the extracted green component can represent the jet engine features. The approach proposed in this paper is significant because the overall procedures for extracting the jet engine blade number are not manual but automatically performed based on the image processing method. Application to simulated JEM signal demonstrated that the automatic feature presented in this paper improved the accuracy of JEM analysis and is expected to be efficient for real-time radar noncooperative target recognition (NCTR).


Fifty-seven students out of 111 in a majors-level organic chemistry class contributed to reviews of four selected chapters in six organic texts (Brown and Foote, Carey, Ege, Jones, Solomons and Fryhle, Wade). The results are summarized as average grades (GPAs) for layout, clarity, organization, and overall effectiveness for each of the four chapters from each text. The numerical ratings reveal differences among the texts, although not large, as well as differences among the chapters for a given author. Selected student comments are also presented, and the complete set of comments can be found on the Internet.The student evaluations were remarkably thoughtful and made a significant contribution to what might ordinarily be considered solely a faculty task. Students approach a text from a perspective very different from that of a typical instructor. The following practical features stood out as being especially important for the students in coming to grips with the sometimes overwhelming amount of material i...


chapter 3 profiles 12 colleges and universities, dramatically different from one another, that are building moral and civic education into the core of undergraduate learning. The authors identify three thematic approaches to moral and civic education: (a) connections with the different sorts of communities, (b) moral and civic virtue defined in various ways, and (c) concern for social justice or systemic social responsibility. I found these themes to be thoughtprovoking and useful in reflecting on the purpose and desired outcomes of moral and civic education at my institution. In chapter 4, the authors provide a thorough review of relevant research and theory. They draw the multiple dimensions of moral and civic education from this work and helpfully cluster them into three intersecting categories: moral and civic understanding, motivation, and skills. Chapters 5, 6, and 8 address the how of moral and civic education to achieve these dimensions, or outcomes, through pedagogical approaches; the integration of moral and civic learning in general education, majors, and across disciplines; and taking advantage of cocurricular experiences. Appropriately, chapter 9 tackles the complex question of how to assess students' moral and civic learning and how to evaluate programs of moral and civic education to enhance program effectiveness. The final chapter offers a welcome summary of principles and practices. It also provides guidance regarding how to make the three basic themes—community connections, moral and civic virtue, and systemic social responsibility—central rather than marginal to undergraduate education. This book contains much that will appeal to student affairs educators with a theoretical or philosophical bent as well as to individuals who are more practically inclined. For example, those of us in the first category whose daily work involves service-learning or leadership development often reflect on the deeper purposes of our work, asking ourselves: "Service-learning for what? Leadership for what?" Educating Citizens offers us numerous opportunities to examine our work in the contexts of our institutional missions and our society. Practitioners seeking examples of good practice by institutional type or functional area will also find this book rewarding. In conclusion, I believe that any educator concerned about the sustainability and advancement of democracy in the United States and throughout the world must believe that educating students to be morally and civically responsible citizens is a fundamental and critical role of higher education. This volume provides what we need to understand the complex concepts of moral and civic learning and to consider what each of us can do to help students become the educated and motivated citizens who will ensure the future of democracy.


A new catheter was developed for hepatic angiography and embolization: a non-torque control supple catheter with a ball tip combined with a small guide wire. The catheter was used successfully in 47 of 49 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic metastases. It seldom causes spasm or intimal damage of distal arterial branches and is useful even when there are extensive curves in the arteries leading to the affected site.


Summary:
 The species Stenocereus thurberi grows in the Sonoran Desert and produces a fruit known as pitaya by the local people. Recently the economic benefits of exporting fruits of several cactus species have been highlighted, indicating the importance of further studies in the pre- and post-harvest physiology of pitaya fruit. The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict the stage of development in Stenocereus thurberi fruits (pitaya), in terms of days after flowering (DAF). A randomized sampling of fruits with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 37 and 40 DAF was done during two consecutive years. A Minolta Chroma Meter CR-300 set in the L*, a* and b* colour space was used to quantify fruit skin colour (Ls, as, bs) and fruit pulp colour (Lp, ap, bp) in every sampled fruit. A basic multiple linear model was proposed. The predictive model was analyzed using the stepwise procedure in forward selection. Several regressors were considered to fit the best model, such as the variables Ls, Lp, as, ap, bs, bp, linear and squared, as well as the chroma and angle hue for both fruit skin and fruit pulp. The F statistic, mean square error, coefficient of determination (r2), Mallows coefficient (Cp) and distribution of residuals around zero were used as indicators of the model's predictive efficiency. The best predictive model included the variables Ls, bs, Lp and bp with r2=0.795 and Cp=4.99. We concluded that it is possible to predict the stage of ripening development in DAF of Stenocereus thurberi fruit by measuring the fruit pulp and fruit skin using the L*, a* and b* space colour.


This article presents the principal results of a study on plea bargaining at the Montreal Justice Hall. Various methods were adopted: observations, a thorough study of the files, interviews and analyses of the judicial statistics. The results show that negotiations vary considerably depending on the gravity of the offence concerned. In the case of a minor charge or a murder charge, the characteristics as well as the stakes and consequences of the plea bargaining are very different. In minor cases, the negotiations are reduced to their simplest form. They are a routine process of cooperation between the parties rather than bargaining to get an admission of guilt by promising the accused a reduced charge or sentence. On the contrary, the negotiations in murder cases take the traditional form of plea bargaining in which the power struggle is dominant. The study shows that it is in cases of murder than plea bargaining presents most difficulties.


In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial using triple tetracycline (Deteclo, Lederle) 300 mg twice daily for two weeks in conjunction with metronidazole (Flagyl, May & Baker) 400 mg or matching placebo twice daily for seven days, it was shown that the addition of anti-anaerobic therapy did not significantly affect the number of cases of persistent urethritis or the relapse rate of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU).


I introduce a very simple method to defend against adversarial examples. The basic idea is to raise the slope of the ReLU function at the test time. Experiments over MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed defense against a number of strong attacks in both untargeted and targeted settings. While perhaps not as effective as the state of the art adversarial defenses, this approach can provide insights to understand and mitigate adversarial attacks. It can also be used in conjunction with other defenses.


The vascular pattern of newborn and early postnatal epiphyseal and physeal cartilage is integral to long bone development and differs from later postnatal patterns. In the present study, we supplement light microscopic histology with tritiated thymidine autoradiography to help assess the position of cartilage canals and the dynamics of cartilage vascularity in relation to growth. Tritiated thymidine labeling studies to assess cell proliferation activity were done by using 2 μc/g body weight intraperitoneal injections into newborn and 3‐, 4‐, and 7‐day‐old New Zealand white rabbits that were killed 1 hr after the injection. Proximal humeral, distal femoral, and third metatarsal epiphyses were assessed by routine histology and serial section autoradiography. Cartilage canals were seen in each epiphysis. Transphyseal vessels were seen in each epiphysis continuous from the epiphysis to the metaphysis or were present within the physis traversing the proliferating and hypertrophic cell zones. Histologic sections showed vessels from the perichondrium continuous with those of the epiphyseal cartilage canals at proximal humeral, distal femoral, and metatarsal epiphyses. Serial sections showed vascular buds and connective tissue cells lying in indentations at the periphery of and present within the epiphyseal cartilage. Autoradiographic studies showed extensive labeling of vessel wall cells and surrounding connective tissue cells of the cartilage canals (a) within the epiphyseal cartilage, (b) traversing the physis, and (c) within the epiphyseal cartilage but continuous with the perichondrial vessels. The labeling was always far more extensive than in the surrounding chondrocytes and was always present throughout the entire extent of the canals. In conclusion, the cell labeling activity strongly supports an active dynamic phenomenon underlying the vascularization of epiphyseal and physeal cartilage. Anat. Rec. 252:140–148, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This article discusses the newly implemented 1980 field epidemiology training program of Thailand. Recruited physicians follow a 2-year program as fully paid employees of the Ministry of Health. The program begins with a 4-week introductory course on general epidemiology biostatistics and selected infectious and noninfectious diseases. Upon completion of introductory courses the candidate rotates through different divisions in the Ministry for a period of 2-3 months. Disease surveillance investigation of epidemics research service training and seminars are all part of the 2-year training program. The results achieved after the first 2 years are discussed. Planned to meet the national needs the Thailand training program still requires adequate supervision of the trainees. The size of the training program should also be planned according to the resources available. Several of the projects completed by the trainees have provided useful information for program evaluation and improvement.


Water balance is a rational scientific tool to understand many climatic and hydrological parameters such as climatic types, intensity and frequency of droughts, water surplus, water deficit, crop suitability etc. Temperature and rainfall data which are easily and widely available for many places are used in the computation of water balance. For sustainable agricultural practice, managing droughts, land use planning, assessing irrigational water needs of crops etc., climatic conditions of an area must be known. Water balance is one important scientific tool which is capable to solve many problems related to ecology and environment


Arytenoid adduction is used in treating unilateral vocal cord paralysis. In 7 subjects with breathy hoarseness due to such paralysis undergoing arytenoid adduction from 2006 to 2008, preoperative mean maximum phonation time (MPT) of 4.6 ± 1.3 increased to 13.4 ± 1.7 postoperatively. Hoarseness was ameliorated in all subjects. These results indicate that arytenoid adduction is effective in treating unilateral laryngeal paralysis.


The regional dynamics of realization of alcoholic beverages is analyzed in the article, and tax contribution of subjects of alcoholic products market to the budget of Krasnodar Krai is calculated.


Ionic liquids have been widely studied as effective reaction media for the conversion of glucose or cellulose to 5-hydroxymethhylfurfural (5-HMF). However, the recovery of 5-HMF from ionic liquids, typically carried out by extraction, has been encountered with very low extraction efficiency, which limited the reusability of the solvents. Through this work, based on the model biphasic system that consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as the ionic liquid phase and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as the extractant phase, the dominant force that suppresses the extraction efficiency of 5-HMF was identified as being the strong hydrogen bonding between 5-HMF and [BMIM]Cl. Solvent mediation with functional promoters have been established as a new strategy to shift this force, resulting in improved extraction efficiency of 5-HMF from the ionic liquid. For example, with ethanol as a promoter, the distribution coefficient of 5-HMF was about 10 times higher than that without a promoter.


In another paper (1) which deals with the correlation between the diet and dental caries in the South African Bantu the proposition is advanced that refined sugar and/or refined flour cause dental caries, but that these carbohydrates, as they occur in nature, are accompanied by a "protective agent" which is removed, to a greater or lesser degree, in the course of refining-that, in effect, these carbohydrates are a danger to the teeth, that nature makes them up with an antidote, and that refining removes this antidote. A series of in vitro experiments were carried out to test the validity of the propositions. The authors were faced with the ubiquitous problem of how far in vitro results may be trusted as an index of in vivo processes. In the case of teeth they were more hopeful of their reliability than they would have been in the case of other organs. The fact that the enamel is laid down before the eruption of the tooth, gives added confidence in in vitro experiments. It is probable that there are several reasons for dental decay. It is to be expected that a severe disorganisa tion of the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of the individual would cause decay and that other forms of malnutrition may leave the teeth an easy victim to the forces of attack. The work of Mellanby and her collaborators has shown the importance of vitamin D in the development of teeth. It is equally certain that, even where there is no deeply hidden constitutional sabotage at work, teeth decay because


This paper presents a deep learning approach to Kaggle Carvana Image Masking Competition, which aims at extracting the car objects in high quality images with the background removed. We formulate the background extraction problem as an image segmentation problem. In this challenge, we have evaluated different U-Net architectures. We have explored two different techniques in combining encoder downsampling features with decoder upsampling features. In addition, we have experimented replacing different pre-trained networks to accelerate the training process. Finally, we have trained different models at different image scales and predicted the final result with the ensemble method. Our final method has placed us at top 4% in the challenge and achieved a dice coefficient score of 0.99694.


Pulsation of an acoustically driven spherical bubble between rigid parallel plates is modeled using an augmented Rayleigh‐Plesset equation that satisfies the boundary conditions. To emphasize the influence of flow constraints imposed by the plates, the only loss mechanism considered here is radiation damping. It is demonstrated that accounting for compressibility of the liquid is essential to the analysis. Expansion of the dynamical equation to quadratic order in the perturbation of the bubble radius yields an equation that is solved by successive approximations to obtain solutions at the drive frequency and its second harmonic. Amplitude responses presented as functions of drive frequency and plate separation reveal decrease in resonance frequency and increase in radiation damping as plate separation is reduced below approximately 15 bubble diameters.


IntroduCtIon The World Health Organisation defines Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) as the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials) from working against it [1]. AMR increases the cost and complexity of treatment of a range of common infections, causing delays in effective therapy, or an inability to provide appropriate treatment. The predictable consequence of resistance is increased morbidity, prolonged illness, a greater risk of complications, and higher mortality rates [2].


EDITORIAL COMMENT These observations in the cat show that the stomach has a high level of extrinsic, and a low level of intrinsic, cholinergic control, but this is reversed in the small intestine. Similar studies are clearly needed in man to provide us with logical tests for the management of motility disorders.


ABSTRACT In two recent publications (Int. J. Quant. Chem. 114, 1645 (2014) and Mole. Phys. 114, 227 (2016)) it was shown that the Born–Hwang (BH) treatment of a molecular system perturbed by an external field yields a set of decoupled vectorial wave equations, just like in electro-magnetism. This finding led us to declare on the existence of a new type of Fields, which were termed Molecular Fields. The fact that such fields exist implies that at the vicinity of conical intersections exist a mechanism that transforms a passing-by electric beam into a field which differs from the original electric field. This situation is reminiscent of what is encountered in astronomy where Black Holes formed by massive stars may affect the nature of a near-by beam of light. Thus, if the non-adiabatic-coupling-terms (NACT) with their singular points may affect the nature of such a beam (see the above two publications), then it would be interesting to know to what extend NACTs (and consequently also the BH equation) will be affected by the special theory of relativity as introduced by Dirac. Indeed, while applying the Dirac approach we derived the relativistic affected NACTs as well as the corresponding BH equation.


20-22% of the population of Turkey is made up of women aged 15-49 whose health requires protection because of heightened risk factors. Maternal health care is concerned with pregnancy diagnosis antenatal care to diagnose and treat diseases safe delivery in a hospital or at home care during the puerperium including recognizing congenital anomalies the prevention of puerperal fever and the education of mothers about breast feeding and hygiene. Maternal health care also deals with family planning contraceptive advice and fitting surgical sterilization counseling infertility problems and the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases. Some of the problems of health care delivery derive from the inadequacy of medical and nursing school systems and training the lack of resources and conditions for completing tasks and frequent staff turnover. The qualitative level of nursing and midwifery training needs to be strengthened; the midwives and staff working in health centers in rural areas require better working conditions with more vacation more opportunities to change jobs and the improvement of material and vehicular resources. Team work involving the midwife nurse and obstetrician as well as the exchange of information between health center delivery ward and hospitals are prerequisites for establishing as outpatient system. The educational level of rural women has to be lifted as treatment of illiterate patients differs significantly from that of women with more education.


Picturing Indians - Curtis in context, Martha A. Sandweiss ways of seeing the Curtis Project on the Plains, Mick Gidley the aesthetic impulses of Edward S. Curtis's images of the Great Plains Indians, Duane Niatum the Plains Indian photographs of Edward S. Curtis.


A set associative cache memory, comprising: an array of storage elements arranged as N ways; an allocation unit that allocates the storage elements of the array in response to memory accesses that miss in the cache memory; wherein each of the memory accesses has an associated memory access type (MAT) of a plurality of predetermined MATs, wherein the MAT is received by the cache memory; a mapping that, for each MAT of the plurality of predetermined MATs, associates the MAT with a subset of one or more ways of the N ways; wherein for each memory access of the memory accesses, the allocation unit allocates into a way of the subset of one or more ways that the mapping associates with the MAT of the memory access; and wherein the mapping is dynamically updatable during operation of the cache memory.


Heart Health is the sequential report to the policy roadmap Getting Australia's Health on Track and outlines a national implementation strategy for the heart health policy. This report has been compiled by a national collaboration of leading chronic disease experts and clinicians -- from pdf p 1.


Based on the content and functionality of product packaging,it analyzed how to create a good product packaging from seven aspects: the principle of unified content and form,the principle of green,the principle of appropriate packaging,the principle of national and regional characteristics,the principle of cultural connotation,the principle of excellence and the principle of human nature poetry.In the times of reason,it is an urgent task for Chinese designers to create a good product packaging.


Thank you very much for reading the rising tide global warming and world sea levels. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this the rising tide global warming and world sea levels, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


Many of the new chemicals that have appeared in the last decades had the power of making people healthier not only in the physical state but also at the psychological state. The drugs that were initially created with the goal for treatment are now being used for other purposes such as cognitive enhancement of the memory. These drugs, when taken by healthy people, somehow boost the memory and therefore they get some good advantage over the others, especially when the scenario is a school/university test. This fact is enough to raise ethical concerns and questions such as: Will there be exams such as urine or blood in the future? How should society react to this phenomenon? What kind of effects is it going to have on the education system? Would it be legitimate to compare smart drugs as doping? Those are some questions that we may not necessarily have answers for all, but at least we want to discuss this issue a little bit deeper and have a better understanding about what is really going on.


Contractive states for a free quantum particle were introduced by Yuen (Yuen H P 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 719) in an attempt to evade the standard quantum limit for repeated position measurements. We show how appropriate families of two- and three-component `Schrödinger cat states' are able to support non-trivial correlations between the position and momentum observables leading to contractive behaviour. The existence of contractive Schrödinger cat states is suggestive of potential novel roles of non-classical states for precision measurement schemes.


In order to realize the high speed and high-precision control of a maglev planar motor, a high-precision electromagnetic model is needed in the first place, which can also contribute to meeting the real-time running requirements. Traditionally, the electromagnetic model is based on analytical calculations. However, this neglects the model simplification and the manufacturing errors, which may bring certain errors to the model. Aiming to handle this inaccuracy, this paper proposes a novel design method for a maglev planar motor control system based on two-dimensional linear interpolation. First, the magnetic field is divided into several regions according to the symmetry of the Halbach magnetic array, and the uniform grid method is adopted to partition one of these regions. Second, targeting this region, it is possible to sample the electromagnetic forces and torques on each node of the grid and obtain the complete electromagnetic model in this region through the two-dimensional linear interpolation method. Third, the whole electromagnetic model of the maglev planar motor can be derived according to the symmetry of the magnetic field. Finally, the decoupling method and controller are designed according to this electromagnetic model, and thereafter, the control model can be established. The designed control system is demonstrated through simulations and experiments to feature better accuracy and meet the requirements of real-time control.


Cold rolled flat steel is still the classic material for the automotive industry and as quality demands ever increase it becomes necessary to characterize not only singular test samples at isolated positions of the steel strip but to provide immediate information on the produced steel sheet quality over the entire length of the steel strip. Since such a online testing of a product can for obvious reasons only be provided by nondestructive and non-contact testing methods, a measuring system was developed which uses the harmonic analysis of eddy current signals. It is based on the fact that the material condition, that is its arrangement of structure, grain size, alloy composition, dislocation density etc. define not only the mechanical-technological characteristic values like yield strength Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm but also the electrical and magnetical properties of a material. This indirect relationship is used to compute e.g. the Rp0.2and Rm-values solely from harmonic measuring values using multi-dimensional regression analysis. The online implementation of this system, the Harmonic-Analysis-Coil-Online-Measuring system HACOM, makes possible the monitoring of characteristic material values like the Rp0.2and the Rm-values in order to maintain the highest possible product quality. The HACOM-system has been in operation in the two Salzgitter-Flachstahl GmbH SZFG ́s hot-dip galvanizing lines for more than 3 years monitoring more than 55000 steel strips from a large variety of steel qualities over their entire length. It reliably provides highly accurate information on the named material characteristics as well as precise indication of changes of the material structure which may be caused by variations of furnace temperature, degree of skin-passing as well as degree of levelling. Introduction: Cold rolled flat steel and galvanized steel sheets are classic materials for the automotive industry and one of the major products of steelmaking plants. To ensure the qualtity of the products it becomes necessary to characterize not only test samples of the beginning and the end of a produced steel strip but to provide information on the produced steel sheet quality over the entire length of the steel strip. Destructive testing systems are obviously not the appropriate means to this task of online quality checks. These systems are not only requiring too much time including a time-lag but are also destroying the test samples during the tests, i.e. in destructive quality checks the entire product is destroyed. Therefore, a nondestructive and noncontact measuring system was developed at the IW, which uses the harmonic analysis of eddy current signals to determine characteristics of the measured steel strip [5,6,7,8]. As shown in [3,4] the system is based on the fact that there is an indirect relationship between the mechanicaltechnological characteristic properties like yield strength Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm and the electrical and mechanical properties of the material because both properties are defined by the material condition, that is the arrangement of structure, grain size, alloy composition, dislocation density etc. and the manufacturing process. This relationship is used for an indirect determination of the desired characteristic material properties computing mechanical-technological properties solely from harmonic measuring values using multi-dimensional regression analysis [1,2]. The Harmonic-Analysis-Coil-Online-Measuring System HACOM was implemented in two Salzgitter-Flachstahl GmbH SZFG's hot-dip galvanizing lines so that it was possible to maintain the characteristic material values like the Rp0.2and the Rm -values in order to maintain the highest possible quality of the steel strips. The system has been in operation for more than 3 years monitoring more than 55000 steel strips from a large variety of steel qualities and thickness over their entire length. Results: Determination of strength values: To show the quality of the measured data the nondestructively determined strength values are compared with strength values of tensile test samples taken at the beginning of each steel strip. Due to different magnetic properties caused by different chemical composition and different manufacturing parameters, especially heat treatment, it is necessary to divide the measured data into groups of comparable steel qualities. After subdividing these data into groups of comparable sheet thickness to minimize the disturbing effect of different thickness regression analysis' computations were performed. Figure 1: 3-dimensional regression results for IF-steels measured in HDG2 The example shown in figure 1 presents the results of a 3-dimensional regression for IF-steel qualities which are commonly used in the automotive industry. For these qualities there were roughly 2400 steel strips for which destructive data were available as reference values. The nondestructively determined strength values show a good accuracy compared with the destructively measured values. About 80% of the tensile strength values are located in a deviation interval of ±3% resp. nearly all strength values in a ±6%-deviation interval from the regression line with a relative deviation of Rm,rel = 1.65% and rel= 2.18%. The scattering of the yield strength values compared with the tensile strength is higher with relative deviations of Rp,rel = 4.09% resp. rel= 5.63%. These higher values are caused by the much lower values for the yield strength so that the absolute deviation values for the tensile strength with Rm,abs = 5.08 N/mm2 and abs= 6.69 N/mm2 and the yield strength with Rp,abs = 6.43 N/mm2 and abs= 8.66 N/mm2 are at the same level. The 3-dimensional regression results of 1040 high-strength S-steel qualities are presented in figure 2. The results also show a good accuracy of the nondestructively determined strength values with deviations of Rm,abs = 12.26 N/mm2 resp. Rm,rel = 2.67% and abs= 9.84 N/mm2 resp. rel= 2.11% for the tensile strength and Rp,abs = 8.80 N/mm2 resp. Rp,rel = 2.77% and abs= 6.87 N/mm2 resp. rel= 2.15% for the yield strength. The distribution curves in figure 2 indicate that the majority of the measured steel strips deviate less than ±3% for the tensile strength Rm and less than ±5% for the yield strength Rp. Figure 2: 3-dimensional regression results for high strength S-steels measured in HDG2 Influence of disturbing values: In the examined case of a hot-dip galvanizing line the production line includes amoung others a furnace for deoxidation and recrystallization of the steel sheet as well as a temper mill and a leveller. These are integrated into an online process control system and may therefore exert varying influences on the steel sheet during its passing through the production line. Their influences on the harmonic measuring values are shown below. Degree of levelling: A means to adjust the mechanical characteristics of steel is cold straining. In the case of the SZFG's hot-dip galvanizing line a leveller is integrated into the production line towards this end. The usual range of the degree of levelling is from 0% to 2%. Figure 3 presents an example concerning the degree of levelling, an IF-steel of 0.8 mm sheet thickness. In the upper part the degree of levelling as well as the computed yield strength values are shown. At the beginning of the second quarter of the steel sheet there is a peak of the degree of levelling followed by a longer passage of approximately 0.7% degree of levelling before it is reduced to roughly 0.35% at the end of the second quarter. The computed yield strength values clearly indicate this development of the degree of levelling. In the lower section of figure 3 those Harmonic Measuring values are presented which are used to compute the yield strength values. Obviously the real part of 11 harmonic of the 2 frequency is insensitive to changes of the degree of levelling whereas the imaginary part of the 1 harmonic of the 2 frequency and especially the imaginary part of the 5 harmonic of the 4 frequency show linear dependencies to the degree of levelling. However, since the latter do have a significantly higher valence within the correlation equation of up to 40 compared to the 11 harmonic the insensitivity of the 11 harmonic is of no significance. Figure 3: Influence of the degree of levelling Degree of skin-passing: Among others a hot-dip galvanizing line integrates a temper mill to apply a specified degree of skin-passing in order to create dislocations in a small layer below the steel sheet surface and thus to eliminate a distinct yield strength without influencing grain size or texture. Figure 4: Influence of the degree of skin-passing The example (fig. 4) shows a short yet pronounced irregularity of the degree of skin-passing during the production of a high strength IF-steel sheet of 0.8 mm sheet thickness. After a brief incursion to roughly two thirds of the apparent nominal value the degree of skin-passing increases momentarily from 0.8% to 1.3% before returning to its former level. This irregularity is reflected correctly, for example in the computed yield strength values increasing from 260 MPa to 320 MPa and returning to its former level. The harmonic measuring values which are used for these computations show counter-current curves compared to that of the degree of skin-passing, correlating precisely. Only the real part of the 11 harmonic value of the 2 frequency does not show this behaviour as obviously as the other used Harmonic Measuring values. Changes of furnace temperature: The Harmonic Analysis Coil Online Measuring system HACOM is sensitive to external influencing factors which induce changes within the material. Since these dependencies are especially important for those Harmonic Measuring values on which the correlations regarding yield strength Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm are based these are primarily examined. Considering the fact that carefully selected Harmonic Mea


Background:  The relationship between coronary artery sequelae due to Kawasaki disease and the six principal symptoms associated with the latter are still unknown.