Denver: An Archaeological History. By SARAH M. NELSON with K. LYON BERRY, RICHARD F. CARRILLO, BONNIE J. CLARK, LORI E. RHODES, and DEAN SAITTA. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 2001. x + 273 pp., preface, figures, technical information boxes, afterword, references, index. $45.00 (Cloth, ISBN 0-8122-3591-6). The book is the secondin the University of Pennsylvania Press's series on "The Archaeology of Great American Cities" with series editors John L. Cotter (now deceased) and David G. Orr. The first entry in the series is by Cotter and colleagues and covers the archaeological history of Philadelphia. The series represents the legacy of John L. Cotter to the field of American archaeology. Sarah Nelson dedicates this second book to Cotter's memory. Her dedication is extremely fitting for this book on the archeological history of Denver since Cotter was a Denver native and a graduate of the University of Denver under the tutelage of Dr. E. B. Renaud. John Cotter also provided the afterword in which he reminisces about his boyhood in Denver. In it, he describes his memories of people, things, and places in the 1920s Denver metro area. In Chapter 1, the authors provide the goals and methodological background for the study of the Greater Denver Study Area, which includes all of Denver County and portions of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Douglas, Elbert, and Jefferson Counties. Using the archeological records from the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, the authors compiled an extensive database of the area, which was incorporated into a Geographical Information System for analysis of various prehistoric and historic site patterns. This enabled the authors to utilize a standardized base-map for the study of the various chronological periods, site types, and spatial relationships. The history of archeological investigations in the Greater Denver Study Area is provided along with the changes in archaeological practices. In order to provide a publication that is beneficial to the general public and to the professional archaeological community, the authors use Kenneth Lewis' the open, flexible "frontiers" model to provide the readers with an understanding of the cultural activities from both the prehistoric and historic periods. They also provide in depth details on a variety of subjects including technologies, concept definitions, and theoretical models through the use of topic text boxes throughout the book. These provide the readers with more detailed information on the topics than is found in the general text. The final section in the Introduction provides a discussion of material culture with examples on prehistoric hide working, Ute headwork, and the city as material culture. The environmental and climatic conditions and resources relevant to human habitation of the region are discussed in Chapter 2. The section is divided into three parts dealing with the major geological events that formed the present landscape. The second section provides a discussion of the four subregions of the Greater Denver study area: the Hogback, the Streams, the Plains, and the Black Forest. The authors provide environmental factors that characterize these subregions, as well as, ones that may have influenced prehistoric and historic population decisions concerning settlement patterns, cultural interactions, and subsistence strategies. The third section covers site formation processes that created the archeological record. The final section provides information on the paleoenvironment, the faunal and floral resources in the study area, models for seasonal exploitation, and the archeological evidence. Prehistory of the Greater Denver Study Area in covered in Chapter 3. The chapter provides and overview of the prehistoric chronology for the four subregions beginning with the Paleoindian period (12,900-5500 B.C.), followed by the Archaic period (5500-1 B.C.) divided into Early, Middle and Late, and ending in the Ceramic period with Early Ceramic sites (A.D. 1-1 000) and Middle Ceramic sites (A.D. 1000-1500). Each period is highlighted with discussions of the major sites or site components that


It is an important subject to study the thoughts of creating science and technology of Engels in the course of constructing creative country,which owns realistic significance.The thoughts of creative science and technology of Engels is the fundamental opinion that Engels put forward about the core and characters of scientific discovery and technological invention.It has guiding significance of general world outlook and methodology.


This study examines the extent to which crime concentrations occur at micro places, in order to test Weisburd's law of crime concentration at places, in two large Belgian cities. Police-registered crime data for the period 2004–2012 were used. Analyses were conducted at the grid level (using 200 meters by 200 meters grid cells), as a proxy for behavior settings. This study assesses Weisburd's theoretical proposition and by (partly) replicating prior empirical research, we conclude that the findings are in line with those from prior studies regarding crime concentration at micro places. Finally, opportunities and avenues for future research on crime places are discussed.


DNA damage response contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability in individuals. As an important tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1 plays a crucial role in DNA damage response. BRCA1 upon binding to BARD1 forms a stable heterodimer which is the core component of BRCA1 functional complex. BRCA1 takes part in the regulation of DNA damage * 通讯作者:firstname.lastname@example.com cc ep te d https://engine.scichina.com/doi/10.1360/SSV-2022-0070 signaling transduction, homologous recombination, DNA replication, and cell cycle et al. In this review, we have described BRCA1's function and its involvement in the regulation of DNA damage response network. Furthermore, we have summarized the various mechanisms of PARP inhibitors' resistance in tumors with BRCA1 mutated.


Before making decisions about specific imaging products, organizations must first review their imaging needs -including such factors as document workflow, document characteristics, the way documents are stored, output needs and conversion requirements.


Urban China's latest man-made disaster struck Shenzhen, a city of over 20 million people and one of the country's major economic hubs, on December 20, 2015. A massive hillside pile of construction debris, illegally dumped with the complicity of local officials, collapsed in the city's Guangming New District, burying 33 buildings and scores of people. 2 After the spectacular explosion in Tianjin in August and the seeming barrage of reports of urban infrastructure failures throughout the country, one begins to wonder if China's urbanization demands are dramatically outpacing the country's ability to expand urban areas. On the other hand, reports of "ghost cities," entire cities in the middle of the desert or large suburban developments devoid of people, inspire fears that China's supply of urban areas and infrastructure is outpacing demand, fueled by unsustainable debt and over-investment. 3


This welcome volume collects seven of Kasper's recent essays on the diaconate, priesthood, episcopal office, apostolic succession, canon law, the universal and local church, and the future of ecumenism. Each essay d e m o n s t r a t e s K. 's method, in which he first raises a pressing contemporary issue (the faith of the Church as starting point), then mines the tradition for insight (God of revelation as criterion), and finally offers a restatement of the issue in today's language (proclamation as goal). Thus, for example, K. draws on New Testament notions of diakonia to illuminate the developing role of the permanent deacon (chap. 1); he offers Aquinas's pastoral vision of the office of bishop as an implicit critique of careerism in the Church (chap. 3); and he uncovers the intimate links between succession, tradition, and communion in the early Church as a reminder of the fundamental ecclesiological presuppositions at work in contemporary ecumenical dialogues (chap. 4). These are theological essays rich in pastoral concern. In his well-known rejoinder to Cardinal Ratzinger (chap. 6), K. recognizes a purely theoretical and systematic ecclesiology behind present Vatican centralization, and he asks for more attention to the concrete pastoral implications of the theology proposed. Several other themes appear in these essays: a deep ecumenical sensitivity, freedom and its proper understanding, a communio ecclesiology emphasizing the mutual indwelling of local church and universal Church, and a consistent presentation of church office as a servant of salvation. The Church's ministerial structures do not exist for their own sake; they exist to foster friendship with God. This basic conviction allows K. to affirm the historical importance and continuing necessity of traditional leadership roles in the Church, while recognizing the present kairos and gently prodding the Christian community and its leaders toward the "new epochal form" of Church on the horizon (48).


The 13C n.m.r. spectra of phomazarin methyl ester and seven further derivatives of phomazarin have been assigned. Incorporations of [13C]acetates and [13C]- and [14C]-malonates by cultures of Pyrenochaeta terrestris indicate that phomazarin is biosynthesised by condensation, followed by oxidative ring-fission, of a single nonaketide precursor chain.


The main result of the paper is the existence of an infinitely many families of Ramanujan-type congruences for $b_4(n)$ and $b_6(n)$ modulo primes $m \geq 2$ and $m \geq 5$, respectively. We provide new examples of congruences for $b_4(n)$ and $b_6(n)$. Moreover, we find two infinite explicit infinite families of congruences for $b_4(n)$ modulo $3$.


I summarise the activities of the different members of the SUSY working group. There have been two major areas of activity: 1) precision measurement of the SUSY particle masses/couplings and hence those of the SUSY model parameters, 2) investigations into SUSY searches at e+e-,gamma gamma,gamma e and e-e- colliders, in the nonstandard scenarios such as explicit CP violation, R-parity violation and Anomaly Mediated Supersymmtery Breaking. In addition there have been studies which looked at the effect of `large' extra dimensions at the various colliders mentioned above.


Through analyzing the development of shot put technology and combining with difficulties in teaching practice,this paper suggested that carrying out new teaching ways,strengthening student physical fitness and rising the resultant velocity of body and shot in the primary acceleration phrase are the key in the slippery teaching phrase.Fully utilizing the muscle physiological characteristic and the gained momentum to create better condition for the final acceleration and enhance the release speed are the difficulty points in the conversion phrase and final acceleration phrase teaching.


Abstract Previous studies indicate the importance of wind, wind curl, and density differences in driving the near-surface circulation in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). Here model sensitivity experiments and dynamical analyses of the near-surface currents in the SBC are presented. Various approximations of the wind—from coarse-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) archives to a high-resolution dataset that incorporates buoy, oil-platform, and land-based wind stations—are used. In some experiments, observed temperatures at 10 moorings are also assimilated into the model. Model solutions are sensitive to channel-scale [O(10 km)] wind distribution. Modeled currents forced by the ECMWF wind yield poor results when compared with observations. The simulation using the high-resolution wind (without assimilation) captures the observed spatial and seasonal patterns of the circulation, though the intensity is underestimated. With assimilation, the intensity is increased. In particul...


Being first hand material for researching history of Majia hala,the newly discovered Majia hala Manchu genealogy in Shuangcheng City is precious source,which recorded population reproduction and lineage distribution of Majia hala wugua branch.The historical material,language and cultural information contained in Majia hala genealogy have significant value to research.


In this letter, we jointly optimize transmitter source currents and receive coil selection in a magnetic multiple input multiple output wireless power transfer system to minimize the total transmit power, while satisfying a required level of the charged power and the limited total transmit power. The optimal transmitter source currents are derived for an arbitrary number of receive coils. Based on our analysis, we propose a method to find the optimal subset of the receive coils. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme requires the lowest transmit power to meet the constraint on the charged power.


There have been many research results related to uncertainty analysis and risk assessment during the past several decades. However, practical applications of these results remain scarce. The slow growth in interest, both in academic and among practicing engineers, in rigorous risk assessment and uncertainty analysis signals a need to reexamine our current means and practice of delivering the risk assessment education to our students. In this paper, a discussion on various techniques in teaching uncertainty analysis and its applications to engineering decision-making are presented. In addition, steps are recommended to develop a decision making framework for the environmental and infrastructure systems.


: This paper describes a project that is studying an expert system (ES) development method tailored to meet the requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is posited that many such organisations cannot use ES technology because of its high entry price and because the available tools and methods were developed for and by large organisations. Within this context our development method encompasses the entire life cycle of an ES from initial conception to implementation through to maintenance and updating. The central premise is that the method should be 'client-centred', emphasising what the client can see, rather than being 'technology-centred', emphasising how the knowledge engineers work. Discussion includes how this methodology addresses many criticisms of current ES development methods, including rapid prototyping and KADS.


No family history of convulsive disorders nor of other neuropsychiatric diseases. No particular past history except for nephrotic syndrome at the age of 17. She visited us with complaints of visual disturbance and memory impairment, on May 11, 1977. She had noticed these symptoms for five days, but physicians she visited before us pointed out no objective findings. At first, she noticed blurred vision and then sometimes felt flashing white round lights in the right half of the visual field in the background of the blurred vision. Thereafter, she also found difficulty in recalling names of friends and telephone numbers. At the first examination, her face looked


The recently published original article by Ahmad and Gibson emphasizes the current haphazard treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in the general hospital setting. It also draws attention to the potential overuse of red blood cell transfusions in iron deficiency anaemia,where correctionof irondeficiency is an effective alternative for many patients. In the absence of concurrent primarymarrowpathology or other haematinic deficiency, provisionof iron to the deficient patient results in a reticulocytosis within 3–4 days and an initial incremental rise in haemoglobin of 10–20 g/ L per week. Patients with uncomplicated iron deficiency anaemia will therefore obtain symptomatic benefit from iron replacement without the need for red blood cell transfusion. Of note, in this series, blood transfusions were given to 60% of patients presenting with unequivocal evidence of iron deficiencywhere concurrent causes of anaemia (such as haematological malignancy) were excluded. The median pretransfusion haemoglobin in this group of 82 g/L (range 35–125 g/L) was well above the threshold of 70 g/L recommended by the National Health Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Australasian Society of Blood Transfusions (ASBT) (in the absence of significant ongoing blood loss or signs and symptoms of impaired oxygen transport). The NHMRC/ASBT guidelines also suggest that in an otherwise well patient with a haemoglobin less than 70 g/L, red cell transfusion may be deferred if specific alternative therapy (such as iron replacement) is available. Red cell transfusion may be appropriate at higher haemoglobin thresholds on the basis of patient symptoms and medical comorbidities. In the paper, the authors did not directly compare such characteristics in the transfused versus non-transfused irondeficient patients. However, the data presented suggest that a significant proportion of transfusions might have been avoided with the provision of timely and appropriate iron replacement therapy. Another important consideration is the frequency of adverse reactions to potentially avoidable red cell transfusions. Although the risk of acquiring blood-borne viral infections is now exceedingly rare (e.g. current estimates of residual risk of HIV from transfusion estimated at less than1 in9millionunits transfused inAustralia (Australian Red Cross, data on file)) non-infective complications are still a concern. More patients in the cohort presented by Ahmad andGibson experienced adverse reactions to blood transfusion than to the i.v. iron that was given. This included fluid overload and pulmonary oedema in 4 out of the 66 transfused patients. In conclusion we support the authors' proposed schema whereby red cell transfusion and institution of iron replacement therapy are indicated for life-threatening anaemia and/or ongoing large volume blood loss. However, the data presented indicate that red cell transfusion is an overused and potentially avoidable treatment method in the management of iron deficiency anaemia in many patients. In our experience this is unlikely to be isolated, but is indicative of practice in other health-care facilities. Increasing clinicians' awareness of this observation should help preserve a valuable and finite resource and reduce the small but definite risks associated with exposing patients to homologous blood. We also suggest that national guidelines including indications for red blood cell transfusion should be incorporated into the proposed clinical practice guidelines for the initial management of iron deficiency anaemia in the general hospital setting.


The developments achieved by Beloit in the drying section aiming at higher speeds and increased efficiency are shown. Focus is on the single-tier dryer section (Bel-Cham). The comparison of drying restraint occurring with double-tier and single-tier arrangements and the improvement of the resulting paper characteristics underline the advantages of this concept.


In this paper, we report a high performance 1.5 V operation 0.13-/spl mu/m gate length CMOS technology that integrates a high-speed MOSFET and a low-power/high-density one. The high-speed transistor has a superior drive-current of 700 /spl mu/A/300 /spl mu/A at an off-current of 1 nA//spl mu/m, and an extremely low junction capacitance comparable to SOI devices by utilizing a single-well/local channel structure. Obtained propagation delay for inverter gate is less than 15 ps with F/O of 1. The low-power/high density CMOS features a low standby current of 1 pA//spl mu/m, and a very narrow n/sup +/ to p/sup +/ spacing of 0.4 /spl mu/m by using a twin-well structure. This technology contains a SRAM with 3.99-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6-T cell or 1.9-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ load-less 4-T cell.


This diploma thesis is focused on the design of the injection mold with hot inlet system for a given plastic part, which is part of the car. The theoretical part describes the process of injection molding and injection mold design principles. The practical part includes a proposal for double injection mold, creating drawings and bill of materials in Catia V5R19. The last task will be to carry out the analysis in Autodesk Moldflow Synergy 2016 for verification of design of injection mold.


Dental Extraction in Patients on Aspirin Ratchadaporn Adchariyapetch DSS Department of Dentistry, BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital Objective: To study postoperative stoppage of bleeding after simple dental extractions for patients receiving and not ceasing low-dose aspirin (≤ 100 mg.), in comparison with patients ceasing aspirin intake 7 days before dental extraction. Study design: Observational study. Subjects: Patients who received low-dose aspirin (≤ 100 mg.) and underwent simple dental extraction of 1-3 teeth at BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital during November 2007 to April 2008. Methods: There were 31 patients discontinued aspirin intake 7 days before dental extraction and 36 patients continued aspirin intake. The bleeding time was measured before dental extraction. After extraction, bleeding stoppage within 30 minutes, 60 minutes until completely stoping, as well as, the repeated bleeding within 24 hours were recorded. The results from the group of patients who discontinued aspirin 7 days before dental extraction and the group who continued aspirin were compared. Main outcome measures : Bleeding time, period of bleeding stoppage after dental extraction, incidence of repeated bleeding within 24 hours Results: The subjects were male in 29 cases and female in 38 cases. The mean age was 66.6 ±  6.6 years. The mean bleeding time of the patients who discontinued aspirin intake 7 days in advance was 1.9 ±  0.5 minutes, which was statistical significant different (p-value = 0.045) from 2.8 ±  0.6 minutes of those who continued aspirin but bleeding time in all patients were still within normal ranges (0-6 minutes). After dental extraction, almost all patients had bleeding stoppage within 30 minutes by only biting on gauze. Only one of the group that discontinued aspirin intake had bleeding stoppage within 31-60 minutes. Repeated bleeding within 24 hours after tooth extraction was not found in either group. Conclusion: Simple dental extraction of 1-3 teeth in low-dose aspirin intake patients (≤ 100 milligrams) can be undertaken without the necessity of ceasing aspirin before dental extraction. Vajira Med J 2009 ; 53 : 283-289


This paper presents a simple method to calculate the traveitimes and corresponding raypaths for the First-arrival (refraction), reflected, diffracted, and converted waves of the three modes (qP, qSV. qSH) in a 2D transversely isotropic medium, whose symmetry axis may have an arbitrary orientation in the xz-plane. This method is a direct extension of the 'shortest path' method to the anisotropic situation. In this extension, we employ analytic solutions for the group velocity of the three wave modes, and transform a 2D heterogeneous, transversely isotropic medium defined by five elastic moduli and the arbitrary orientation angle of the symmetry axis into the three group-velocity models, which correspond to the qP-, qSV- and qSH-waves. The three group velocities are functions of the spatial coordinates and the ray direction, as well as the orientation angle of the symmetry axis of the media. With these group-velocity models, the traveitimes of these waves and their corresponding raypaths are then simultaneously or individually calculated by a modified 'shortest path' method. We present some numerical experiments to show the accuracy, efficiency, and capability of the method. The results demonstrate that a rotated (dipping) symmetry axis may significantly change the kinematic properties of the three wave modes in a transversely isotropic medium.


Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and number are tightly regulated in a specific microenvironment - the HSC niche - constituted of several cell types. Amongst them, osteoblasts have a prominent role since their increment is associated with an expansion of HSC. However, we demonstrated that an overall increase in osteoblasts does not necessarily promote hematopoiesis (Lymperi et al, Blood 2008 111:1173-81). We hypothesised that osteoclast mediated bone resorption, a component of the bone remodelling process which regulates osteoblast formation, takes active part in the HSC niche. To address this question we inhibited osteoclast function with the bone catabolic agents bisphosphonates. In vivo administration of bisphosphonates to C57BL/6 mice altered the architecture of the trabecular bone as defined by micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. Treated mice exhibited increased bone volume and trabecular number and reduced trabecular separation and trabecular pattern factor compared to the untreated controls. This was accompanied to a decrease in the proportion and absolute number of HSC in the bone marrow (BM) as assessed by both the immunophenotypic enumeration of Lin-Sca1+c-kit+Flk2-HSC and the long-term culture- initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay. The number of the colony forming unit-cells (CFU-C) in the BM of bisphosphonate treated mice was increased, while more Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ enriched cells were found in the S/M phase of the cell cycle. These results indicate that, in osteoclast-impaired mice a proportion of HSC enters the cell cycle changing the balance in favour of hematopoietic progenitors. The ability of BM cells from bisphosphonate treated mice to engraft and reconstitute the hematopoietic system was tested in a competitive transplantation assay, whereby BM cells from treated and untreated mice were transplanted into syngeneic irradiated recipients. The long-term engraftment of treated BM cells was inferior to the one of controls, indicating a decrease in HSC numbers. Furthermore, recipient mice treated with bisphosphonates prior to conditioning and BM transplantation experienced a delayed hematopoietic recovery as compared to untreated recipients. Since it has been shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration increases the number of HSC by stimulating osteoblast numbers, mice receiving micro-pump delivered PTH were also injected with bisphosphonates. We observed that the administration of bisphosphonates abolished the ability of PTH to increase the primitive HSC pool size as measured by FACS analysis of the Lin-Sca1+c-kit+Flk2- BM cells and their capacity to engraft and reconstitute irradiated recipients. Our findings demonstrate that the osteoclast function is fundamental for the HSC niche, possibly by promoting the recruitment of osteoblasts with HSC supporting capacity.


Breast cancer is the second most common cancer (after lung cancer) that affect women both in the developed and less developed countries. Nowadays, using the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) techniques becomes a necessity for several reasons: assisting and improving physicians, speed in data processing, harmonization and aid of diagnosis, better access to advanced online-medicine. Recently, several works about Breast Cancer Computer Aided Diagnosis (BC-CAD) have been published, and Neural Networks techniques, particularly deep architectures represent a significant part of these works. In this paper, we prpose a BC-CAD based on joint variable selection and a Constructive Deep Neural Network "ConstDeepNet". A feature variable selection method is applied to decrease the number of inputs used to train a Deep Learning Neural Network. Experiments have been conducted on two datasets, the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset (WBCD) and real data from the north hospital of Belfort (France) to predict the recurrence score of the Oncotype DX. Consequently, the use of joint variable algorithm with ConstDeepNet outperforms the use of the Deep Learning arechitecture alone.


Tribometer is a device used to measure friction and wear between two surfaces. One type of tribometer that is often used is the pin on disc tribometer. The pin on disc tribometer test tool consists of pins made of certain materials and plates can also be varied according to testing needs. The disc will rotate and the pin is given a load so that the surface of the pin presses against the surface of the disc. In some tribometers, the pin is conditioned to be stationary, but in other tribometers, the pin moves when a load is applied to cause sliding. With this frictional force, wear and tear will be known and besides that, it is used to determine the performance test of a lubricant. A material is applied to the moving part during the test. The final measurement shows wear and tear on the material and is often used to determine the strength and length of nuts.


Strain selection scientifically is important guarantee for maintaining beagle dogs' genetic stability.Referencing to the AKC standard and combining with the current situation of domestic Beagle dog breeding center,this article aims to discuss problems that we face to when selecting the parental Beagle dogs from perspectives such as appearance signs,Physical signs,personality,genetic signs,etc.


In various nationalities'myths of the world,there had appeared the stories that the human being sought technique of the immortal,about the death and the regeneration and about the destiny fortune and misfortune story.These myths mostly have manifested the early humanity longed for the living and feared for death.Based on such reason,the myths have initiated the the humanity to take thought for relative between human being and god,the belief about the living and death destiny.


In the article it is shown that the basic mechanism of formation of civil identity in a multicultural society is the education system, and ethnic identity and regional identity will be the central points, the expediency of the establishment of ecocultural approach to formation of civil identity is substantiated.


The dynamics of hydrogen peroxide reactions with metal carbonyls have received little attention. Given reports that therapeutic levels of carbon monoxide are released in hypoxic tumour cells upon manganese carbonyls reactions with endogenous H2O2, it is critical to assess the underlying CO release mechanism(s). In this context, a quantitative mechanistic investigation of the H2O2 oxidation of the water-soluble model complex fac-[Mn(CO)3(Br)(bpCO2)]2–, (A, bpCO22– = 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylate dianion) was undertaken under physiologically relevant conditions. Characterizing such pathways is essential to evaluating the viability of redox-mediated CO release as an anti-cancer strategy. The present experimental studies demonstrate that approximately 2.5 equivalents of CO are released upon H2O2 oxidation of A via pH-dependent kinetics that are first-order both in [A] and in [H2O2]. Density functional calculations were used to evaluate the key intermediates in the proposed reaction mechanisms. These pathways are discussed in terms of their relevance to physiological CO delivery by carbon monoxide releasing moieties.


The politics of representation of art work in mu seums is a compelling subject for art educators from elementary to higher education. This paper examines how art educators, critics, and artists critique museum culture and curatorial practic es. I begin by presenting examples of activism in the arts through the work of individual artists and collaboratives. The content of these works are commentaries on how cultural images rep resented in museums suggest tacit messages about power, history, knowledge, and identity. I conclude by suggesting how art educators might use students' personal experience and memory in order to encourage multiple interpre tations of meaning in the making and viewing of art work. Students who make and view art as relevant and inseparable from the local com munity, might possibly penetrate the boundaries between looking and participating in art.


52 levels below E/sub x/, = 6.8 MeV in /sup 26/A1 were populated with the /sup 27/Al(/sup 3/He, alpha ) reaction at a bombarding energy of 18 MeV. Angular distributions for 37 levels were extracted and compared with the results of distorted-wave calculations. Of these, 28 were seen to be characteristic of direct pickup; 2 with l/sub n/ = 0, 3 with l/sub n/ = 1, 10 with l/sub n/ 0 + 2 and 13 with l/sub n/ = 2. A companson with the results of the /sup 27/Al(d /sup 3/ He)/sup 26/Mg reaciion shows good agreement for known T = l states and allows several new T = l assignments to be made. Spectroscopic factors for several of the low-lying states are in good agreement with shell-model predictions. (auth)


In this paper, we studied on the coumpound verbs which has been formed by -(y)I /p ver- and it's function as benefactive in the sentences. This descriptive verb can be seen from the earlier periods of Turkish up to now and we analyzed the structures verb+(y)I / p ver- in old Turkish dialects and modern Turkic dialects. Besides, we made a comparison between Japanese and mentioned dialects and tried to figure out the differences and the similarities between Japanese and contemporary Turkish dialects. As a result of this study, we observed that there are considerable similarities both in Japanese and most of contemporary Turkish dialects


Objective:To investigate the effect of modified methods to place gauze pad of tracheal casing pipe for patients.Methods:Thirty-eight patients undergone tracheotomy for laryngocarcinoma were divided into two groups according to the principle of randomization:traditional method group with Twenty patients,under whose tracheal casing pipes the"Y"type gauze pads were placed through their belts,and modified method group with Eighteen ones under their tracheal casing pipes the horizontal type gauze pads were placed without transiting under their belts.Results:During the process of placing gauze pads,the change of arterial oxygen saturation(SpO2) and the counts of irritable cough of patients in the modified method group are significantly lower than those ones in the traditional method group.Conclusion:Compared with the the traditional method,the modified one will decrease the counts of irritable cough and have a slight effect on SpO2 during the process of placing gauze pads.Undoubtly the modified method is more suitable for the patients undergone tracheotomy for laryngocarcinoma to dress a wound again at the early stage.


Radiosodium administered to 7 normal young men exchanged with 41.2 mEq/kg body weight within 24 hr, and continued to exchange with an exponentially enlarging pool of Na for up to 28 days. Cutaneous and fecal losses of Na were found to average 4.4 mEq/day, and thus could not explain more than 15 % of the mean increment in exchangeable Na with time (121.8 mEq/4 days). The computed lines relating "log. relative Nae" with time for each subject (where "relative Nae" was defined as the daily value of Nae expressed as a percentage of the Nae at 24 hr) were shown to be parallel. A common regression was derived for the 7 normal subjects, expressing the changes in "log. relative Nae" with time. Of 6 patients with primary aldosteronism, 3 showed no progressive increase in exchangeable Na with time, while 2 showed smaller increments than any of the normal subjects. The group as a whole showed significantly less (P < .005) expansion of Na0 with time than the 7 normal subjects. It is concluded that a slowly exchangeabl...


An extremely thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic bacterium designated strain DS T was isolated from Treshchinnyi Spring, one of the hottest springs of the Uzon Caldera (Kamchatka, Russia). Cells of the novel organism were Gram-negative rods, about 1.0–1.2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. The temperature range for growth was 52–82 6C, with an optimum at 75 6C. Growth was observed at pH 6.8–7.4, and the optimum pH was 7.0–7.2. Strain DS T was able to grow lithoautotrophically with hydrogen in the presence of CO2 as a carbon source and thiosulfate or elemental sulfur as an electron acceptor. It also grew well with ethanol, fumarate, succinate or malate in the presence of thiosulfate. Yeast extract was not required for growth and did not stimulate growth. The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel organism was a member of the family Thermodesulfobacteriaceae. On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological considerations, it is proposed that strain DS T represents a new genus and species, Caldimicrobium rimae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Caldimicrobium rimae is DS T (5DSM 19393 T 5VKM B-2460 T ).


This article provides an analysis of the information obtained as a result of cooperation with the state authorities of Ukraine onthe human rights impact assessment of international trade agreements. The author sent requests for acquiring public information to theMinistry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture. As a result, itwas found that the human rights impact assessment of international trade agreements, despite the existence of a corresponding obligationto conduct it and the attribution of such competence to certain government agencies is not carried out. Accordingly, there is no me -thodology for such an assessment, which excluded the organizational dimension from the subject of the article.The article reflects current approaches to the humanization of international trade law. The author focused on the establishmentand approval of a new concept of cooperation between members of the international community namely R2A (responsibility to act),which in addition to protecting violated human rights also provides for active action to promote them for sustainable development. Itimplies, inter alia, the inclusion of a human rights clause in the text of all international trade agreements. The author concluded that itis necessary to carry out the human rights impact assessment of such agreements in order to increase the positive and minimize thenegative consequences of their implementation.The article represents the positive experience of states and regional associations that assess the impact on human rights, as wellas identifies potential risks and limitations of this mechanism. It was found that the number of international obligations of Ukraine inthe field of the human rights impact assessment is growing, while the implementation of their provisions at the national level is not produced,which requires improving the existing institutional mechanism and avoiding adaptation of ineffective practices in the nationallegal environment.


Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are a major public health challenge in India with the emergence of disease burden of non-communicable diseases equivalent to that of communicable diseases. Long-term diseases entail large out-of-pocket expenditure too. There is also a dearth of studies regarding recent estimates of expenditures on treatment of people suffering from chronic conditions. The present paper focuses on the medical and non-medical expenditure associated with cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and coronary heart disease) in India. The Indian Human Development Survey (2011–12) data has been used. The sample size of hypertension and coronary heart diseases (15 and above years) are 6,015 (4.3%) and 1,509 (1.1%) from a total sample size of 147,201. ANOVA test has been applied to check the significance of differences in means. The number of hypertensive and CHD-affected adults preferring private providers for seeking treatment is three times the number of those preferring government providers. CHD-affected adults preferring private providers have been found to spend Rs. 4,000 more as average expenditure as compared to government providers. Inspite of the country's health programs' endeavour to provide public institutional care for cardio-vascular diseases available universally, the findings show otherwise and put the glaring differences in medical and non-medical expenditure in sharp perspective.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a theoretically-informed and empirically-grounded cognitive approach to analyse how financial elites from China, the Gulf Cooperation Council states and Brazil interpret the euro vs. dollar debate. At the theoretical level, we argue that the debate should be reframed in order to capture not only the material, but also the ideational footprint of the euro, as well as to better conceptualise change in the International Monetary System (IMS). Our empirical work shows that the euro is perceived by financial elites as a useful diversification tool to avoid over-exposure to dollar weaknesses. However, despite its appeal as a valuable investment alternative, the European currency has a series of structural flaws that prevent it from substituting the dollar as the main international currency. Therefore, in purely material terms, the euro-sceptical literature is correct. However, we also find that the hitherto material inroads of the euro, while limited, have been sufficient to ideationally convince these elites that a multicurrency IMS is possible and might be more stable (and therefore preferable) to current dollar unipolarity. Therefore, the euro-optimist literature is far from wrong when it argues that the creation of the euro represents a challenge to the greenback, for it could be a stepping stone towards the formation of a multipolar IMS.


Many contaminants introduced to marine and freshwater are adsorbed by and transported with suspended particulate matter to areas of active sediment accumulation. Bottom sediments can record the history of contaminant discharge and provide a sink for contaminants. However, biochemical reactions and [or] physical transport processes under some conditions can remobilize contaminants from such sediments providing a secondary source of pollution after the primary source is eliminated. In Bellingham Bay, in northern Puget Sound, inventories of Hg measured in sediment cores near a chlor-alkali plant decreased with a half-time of 1.3 years after the Hg discharge stopped. The most plausible mechanism was dispersion of sediment resuspended by wave-generated currents and by deposit feeding organisms. On Georges Bank, east of Massachusetts, a court-ordered monitoring program was designed to assess the effects of drilling for petroleum resources in this valuable fishing ground. The concentrations of barium, a major component of drilling mud, increased in sediments while drilling was underway. After drilling stopped, the concentrations decreased rapidly through erosion, burial, and sediment mixing by physical and biological processes. At a location in Massachusetts Bay, 12 km seaward of Boston Harbor, a 5-year time series study of surface sediments showed a sudden two-fold increase inmore » the concentration of silver and other metals after an unusually severe coastal storm. Storm induced resuspension and export of contaminated harbor sediments is the most likely explanation. These observations illustrate that contaminated sediments can be mobile. Knowledge of processes that control the transport and distribution of contaminated sediments is critical for wise policy decisions about remediation of present sediment problems and pollution controls in the future.« less


At the invitation of the Chilean GovernmentIDS, in cooperation with the Chilean National Planning office (ODEPLAN) organised a round table conference on "The Chilean Road to Socialism", held in Santiago from 23 March 1 April 1972. This conference was almost unique in the range of its participants. This was obviously true in terms of political zones (one does not often see Soviet and American citizens, or East and West Germans, together at non-official conferences in the social sciences); it was also true in the sense that it brought in a number of younger people not usually seen on the conference circuit. A third important feature was the fact that many Chileans outside the Government attended, some of them distinctly critical of its policies.


2546Background: XMT-1522 is comprised of 10-15 molecules of the payload AF-HPA, an auristatin-derivative with two-step intra-tumor metabolism intended to optimize therapeutic index, conjugated to a...


For the past decade, efforts to manage in a sustainable way the once bountiful natural resources of Cambodia have been confounded by short-term commercial interests. Protection of the environment is seen as a luxury in a country where the majority lives under the poverty line. Budget constraints and pressing social needs work against parks. This study takes a hard-nosed look at the economics of Preah Sihanoukvarman "Ream" National Park. After a year of fieldwork, an inventory of 37 hectares of mangrove forests, and more than 600 households and 1,300 visitors interviewed, the research team draws pessimistic conclusions. Given the uncertainties surrounding long-term protected area planning, most Cambodian policy makers are likely to favor the more immediate benefits of development. Without international transfer of funds for conservation, Ream National Park will be destroyed. Local communities, whose traditional livelihoods depend on the conservation and sustainable use of the park, stand to loose most; industrial loggers and commercial fishing fleets stand to gain most from the wanton exploitation of timber and marine resources.


Since the 2008 global economical and financial crisis, the fair value measurement has acquired a controversial position both within the accounting regulatory committees and the accounting theory. The literature generally examines two opposite central paradigms of evaluation, namely the Fair Value Accounting (FVA) and the Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). The paper, after a literature review through both these opposite sides, suggests a theoretical framework, using the basic concept of "accounting system", for the choice between the opposite paradigms, considered noteworthy in times of crisis as it should allow to conceptualize a 'mixed system', combining FVA and HCA in different ways according to the different contexts and entities reported by the financial statements.


Review(s) of: Anarchy Unbound: Why Self-Governance Works Better Than You Think, By Peter Leeson, Cambridge University Press, 2014, 263 pages


This article is a narrative experiment written in the hope of illuminating "Third World AIDS" less as a geographically situated pandemic than as dispersed and dispersing encounters of mobile figurations. Using HIV/AIDS in Thailand as a case, the author argues that to move beyond the dominant understanding of "Third World AIDS" today—influenced mainly by epidemiology and anthropology—we need to attend to a mobile mediascape that manages to bypass the medicoethnographic sphere to invest in discursive encounters, awaiting framing and materialization. As such, this article posits the performative movement of figurative imagination as an alternative materiality, one that engages with the "diseased other" ethically and postnationally. While AIDS rages on in the 21st century, the narrative/figurative encounters staged in this article continue to present an uneasy picture about nation, gender, (queer) sex, activism, and power.


In this paper, the cabin noise of four airport express rail systems, namely the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport MRT, the Hong Kong Airport Express, RER B service from Paris Gare du Nord to Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, and the Shanghai Maglev, have been measured. These four airport express rail systems have different specifications and maximum speeds, ranging from 100 to 300 km/h. The results show a significant low-frequency noise content below 100 Hz, which would not be captured if the measurements were conducted in dB(A). The difference between Leq in terms of dB(C) and dB(A) ranges from 11.3 to 17.0 dB. The maximum speed of the Taoyuan Airport MRT was found to be the lowest at 100 km/h and with the lowest Leq in terms of 66.4 dB(A) and 81.4 dB(C). The Shanghai Maglev has a maximum speed of 300 km/h but a relatively low Leq of 69.7 dB(A), although its top speed is almost three times the maximum of the other airport rail systems. It also has the lowest Lmax of 73.1 dB(A) among the four rail systems. Moreover, the Paris RER B railway system, with its top speed of 120 km/h, was measured to have the highest Leq and Lmax values of 72.8 dB(A) and 83.8 dB(A), respectively.


One of the elements in education is the teacher. Educators are an important element in Islamic education, this study aims to describe the nature of educators in Islamic education. The research method used in this research is library research. Sources of research data consist of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data analysis using content analysis. The results of the study show that, in Islamic education, there are two kinds of educators, namely parents and teachers in formal and informal schools. Educators in formal and informal schools must fulfill the characteristics of being an educator, fulfill the requirements as an educator, and fulfill their function as an educator.


We study whether the approach of Deffayet et al. (DPSV) can be adopted for obtaining a derivative part of quadratic action for scalar perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories about homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. We find that even though the method does remove the second and higher derivatives of metric perturbations from the linearized Galileon equation, in the same manner as in the general Horndeski theory, it gives incorrect result for the quadratic action. We analyze the reasons behind this property and suggest the way of modifying the approach, so that it gives valid results.


The aim of the research is to analyze the effects of conceptual change texts in the conceptual change approach on the misconceptions in 7 th grade students  "Journey to Turkish History" unit.  The study group of the research was formed from 7/A and 7/C students at Prof. Dr. Erol Gungor secondary school which is in the center of  Kirsehir. From these classrooms 7/ A (n: 22) was experimental and the 7 /C was control group (n: 27). In the study, unequal control grouped design was used. While the concepts were being defined, a questionnaire form was used in which 7 th class social studies teacher textbook  included concepts targeted to students in the Journey to Turkish History unit and students could give the meaning of concepts as short written answers. While the answers given by the students to the concepts in the form were evaluated, the explanations made about the concepts in the textbook and the statements of the Great Turkish Dictionary were taken into account. The answers given by the students were classified as correct understanding of concepts, misconceptions and misses, and the percentage and frequency values were taken and 6 concepts were found to be the most misconceptions according to the interpreted results in order to collect data in the study, Concept Achievement Test (CAT) developed by researcher were used. Descriptive statistics, t-test for unrelated samples, and two-way ANOVA were performed using the SPSS 20 package program for the analysis of pretest and posttest scores of the students in the experimental and control groups. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of Achievement Test and Concept Test scores in pre - test, and there was a meaningful difference in favor of experimental group in post-test. As a result of the research, it has been determined that teaching and materials based on the conceptual change approach are more effective in eliminating the misconceptions that exist in the students related to the concepts of age, aesthetics, conquest, holy war, reform and settlement compared to program based activities


As the original consulting dermatopathologist for this case, I read with great interest the article by Kuzyk et al, titled "A Case Indistinguishable Between Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis and Cutaneous Rosai-Dorman Disease," and would like to offer a different opinion. The authors based their diagnosis on histiocytoid cells within the dermis that were CD68, S100, and CD1a. Electron microscopy was not performed. They quoted several articles reporting patients with indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH) may have lesions with cells that are CD68, S100 and CD1a, unlike the original description of a patient with lesions that contain cells that are CD68, S100, and CD1a and lack Birbeck granules by electron microscopy. They hypothesised that these non-Langerhan histiocytoid cells lose their CD1a positivity depending on the course of the disease. In 1985, Wood et al said, for the first time, "the indeterminate cell is a histiocyte that is morphologically and antigenically similar to the Langerhans cell although it lacks Birbeck granules." Based on my initial review of this case, it was my professional opinion that the diagnosis was neither ICH nor cutaneous Rosai-Dorman disease (CRDD) but rather xanthogranulomatosis. Subsequent review of the slides following the publication by Kuzyk et al reaffirmed my initial diagnosis. The presence of histiocytes with glassy cytoplasm and a milieu of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, are typical findings seen in xanthogranulomas. The histiocytes were CD68, S100, and CD1a, which confirms my diagnosis. There was no evidence of emperipolesis excluding a diagnosis of CRDD. Since most xanthogranulomas have classic morphology, immunoperoxidase stains are rarely done and thus we do not know the true expression of S100 histiocytes in these lesions. Tomaszewski et al described S100 histiocytes in approximately 25% of xanthogranulomas. The negative CD1a suggests that these cells are S100 protein-positive histiocytes, rather than indeterminate cells or Langerhans cells and do not support the diagnosis of ICH or CRDD. Rather, the morphological findings fulfill all the criteria for xanthogranuloma. S100 protein is a very nonspecific immunoperoxidase stain and can show positivity in melanocytes, dermal dendrocytes, histiocytes, Schwann cells, and so on. Even Ratzinger et al acknowledged, "We even think that all non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis are variants on xanthogranuloma." If indeterminate cell histiocytosis exists, then it should be reserved for patients who have lesions with cells that are CD68, S100, and CD1a and lack Birbeck granules by electron microscopy. When I was a fellow with the late Dr A. Bernard Ackerman, he was known to say, "If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, the chances are it is a duck."


Problem: The turbo compressor Surge is an unstable operating mode of compression system that occurs at mass flows below the so-called surge line. The instability is characterized by large limit cycle oscillations in compressor flow and pressure rise that reduce compressor performance and endanger safe operation. Approach: The attempt to find a simple model structure which can capture in some appropriate sense the key of the dynamical properties of the physical plant , we study the application possibilities of the anti-surge detection system to protect the turbo compressor from surge by using Neural fuzzy. Results: By simulating new Neural-Fuzzy system which has been made for demonstrate the validity of proposed control scheme, the results shown that the fuzzy system can be a good anti-surge detection system compared by used system. Conclusion: The proposed fuzzy system successfully performed the surge detection like the active detection system of a centrifugal compressor.


A long-held clinical belief is that many of the mentally ill seek relief from their symptoms through the use of alcohol and other illicit substances. The notion of self-medication became formalized in the literature via the self-medication hypothesis (SMH) of addictive disorders (Khantzian, ). This study attempted to examine the role of treatment completion for the SMH by examining 696 participants in a dual diagnosis program. Logistic regressions were conducted using mental health demographic variables on drug of choice. In addition, this study extended previous research by employing a path analytic process and examining the complex relationships between these variables in the context of treatment completion. Results indicated little support for the presence of self-medication in this sample.


Introduction : Spinal arachnoid cysts are described, in animals, as a localized enlargement of the sub-arachnoid space observed by myelography. The exact nature of the lesion and its pathogenesis still remains controversial, despite the use of various imaging techniques. The purpose of our study was to improve the characterization and understand the pathogenesis of this subarachnoid lesion through a prospective study.


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Macrocephaly-spastic paraplegia-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by macrocephaly (of post-natal onset) with large anterior fontanelle, progressive complex spastic paraplegia, dysmorphic facial features (broad and high forehead, deeply set eyes, short philtrum with thin upper lip, large mouth and prominent incisors), seizures, and intellectual deficit of varying severity. Inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive.


Abstract There is a lack of data associated with applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to increase yield while not increasing seed protein to levels exceeding those acceptable for malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Buenos Aires province of Argentina. The effect of rates and timing of N application on yield and grain N concentration of malting barley was evaluated at eight sites in 1999 and 2000. Aboveground dry matter accumulation and N‐uptake pattern through the growing season were evaluated. Dry matter production and N-uptake were measured at four sampling times: tillering, head emergence, grain filling, and maturity. The N fertilizer increased grain yield, but its response varied between sites. Under appropriate conditions, the yield increased and maintained the grain N concentration within a desirable range for malting barley. Split applications were as effective in increasing grain yield as one addition at emergence, but they invariably increased grain N concentration. The season affected the yield response to N fertilizer and its levels in the grain, but the nitrogen harvest index was not affected by the rate of N application.


Mobile phones are the most common communication devices in history. For this reason, the number of mobile subscribers will increase dramatically in the future. Therefore, the determining the location of a mobile station will become more and more difficult. The mobile station must be authenticated to inform the network of its current location even when the user switches it on or when its location is changed. The most basic weakness in the GSM authentication protocol is the unilateral authentication process where the customer is verified by the system, yet the system is not confirmed by the customer. This creates numerous security issues, including powerlessness against man-in-the-middle attacks, vast bandwidth consumption between VLR and HLR, storage space overhead in VLR, and computation costs in VLR and HLR. In this paper, we propose a secure authentication mechanism based new mobility management method to improve the location management in the GSM network, which suffers from a lot off drawbacks, such as transmission cost and database overload. Numerical analysis is done for both conventional and modified versions and compared together. The numerical results show that our protocol scheme is more secure and that it reduces mobility management costs the most in the GSM network.


Spectral diffusion (SD) is extensively investigated in the past years by means of hole burning method. In particular, evidences of thermo- [1] and lightinduced [2] SD are found. At the same time authors of [3] have found a strong dependence of the burned hole width on the burning fluence. As known, the classical model of a burning kinetics (hole broadening in this model is connected with saturation of the hole in the distribution function of impurity centers ) predicts enough weak hole broadening at the initial stage of burning [4]. It leads to a conclusion about possible additional mechanisms of hole broadening on an initial burning stage. One of such mechanisms can be SD, induced by the burning light (LISD). The influence of the burning power and fluence on the hole broadening was investigated by means of high sensitive Stark spectroscopy on chlorin in polyvinylbutyral (Chl/PVB). Thermoinduced SD (TISD) is investigated also, model of this process is proposed.


During a twelve-year period, from January 1980 to December 1992, 35 male dogs with perineal hernia were managed by the author. These dogs were submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. RS, Brazil. The prevalence of herniation represented 0.5% of the dogs and cats seen at VTH in this period. The complications diagnosed were as the follow: retroflexion of the urinary bladder, rectal dilatation or diverticulum, necrotic retroperitoneal fat and serum or serosanguineous effusion. The surgical efficiency are dependent of digestive and urinary patency, obliteration of the perineal opening and control of tenesmus and infection.


Attachment of an olefin tether to the side chain of either lysine or cysteine allows cross metathesis (CM) conjugation with olefin-containing sugar and fatty acid analogues.


Field experiments conducted during winter seasons of 1995–96 and 1996–97 revealed that metsulfuron-methyl @ 2 and 4 g/ha was effective in controlling Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis, Melitotus alba, Trifolium flagiferum, Medicago hispida, Vicia sativa and Cichorium intybus, but not Phalaris minor. The efficacy was improved with the addition of 2,4–0 @ 250 or 500 g/ha and isoproturon @ 500 g/ha. The efficacy of 2,4–0 at different rates was slightly of lower order. On the basis of two years' mean, higher grain yield of wheat was obtained with the application of metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g/ha+2,4–0 @ 500 g/ha (5038 kg/ha) or metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g/ha+2,4–0 @ 250 g/ha (4825 kg/ha) and hand weeding (4812 kg/ha) as against 3881 kg/ha under weedy control. However, the yield differences amongst metsulfuron-methyl @ 2 and 4 g/ha either alone or in mixed application with 2,4–0 were not significant.


Because moderate alcohol consumption is known to modestly increase the risk for breast cancer, women who have been treated for this common malignancy


Low-entry barrier for accessing the cable market leads to the intensive competition among hundreds of homogeneous cable manufacturers in China. Mass customization is an effective way to differentiate companies in a highly competitive market. Focused on the real needs of a leading cable manufacturer in China for operating a new e-business to sell customized cables, this study aims to propose a cut-to-order strategy that enables customized cables by utilizing risk pooling effects for customer satisfaction and green manufacturing. A two-stage approach was developed to implement the cut-to-order strategy, in which the inventory replenishment decision and cutting operations are determined, respectively. A case study was conducted to estimate the validity of the proposed approach and the results have shown its practical viability.


Fire-resistant fiber optic cables used in safety and monitoring systems playing an essential role in fire fighting and building evacuation procedures are required to temporarily maintain optical continuity when exposed to fire. However, the use of fused silica fiber at temperatures between 800C and 1000C is associated with two highly undesirable phenomena. Thermal radiation (incandescence) of optical fibers, with its intensity and spectral distribution being proportional to additional attenuation observed in the fiber's hydroxyl absorption bands ("water peaks") is one of them. The other consists in penetration of thermal radiation from the surroundings into the fiber, due to defects in glass, causing light scattering and resulting in fiber brittleness. Thermal radiation is a source of interference in fiber attenuation measurements performed during fire tests and affects normal operation of fiber optic data links in the event of a fire. In this article, results of laboratory tests performed on a telecom single mode and multimode fibers subjected to temperatures of up to 1000C are presented. Keywords—fire-resistant fiber optic cable, fire test, fused silica optical fiber, incandescence spectrum, thermal deterioration, thermal radiation.


The article investigates the asymptotic behavior of the solution to reconstructing the boundary conditions and the right-hand side for second-order differential equations with a small parameter at the highest derivative, which have an initial jump. Asymptotic estimates of the solution of the reconstruction problem are obtained for singularly perturbed second-order equations with an initial jump. The rules for the restoration of boundary conditions and the right parts of the original and degenerate problems are established. The asymptotic estimates of the solution of the perturbed problem are determined as well as the difference between the solution of the degenerate problem and the solution of the perturbed problem. A theorem on the existence, uniqueness, and representation of a solution to the reconstruction problem from the position of singularly perturbed equations is proved. The results obtained open up possibilities for the further development of the theory of singularly perturbed boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations.


The award-winning author of Jesus Symbol of God here introduces the discipline of theology. Jesuit Haight provides the fundamental grounds for retrieval of traditional doctrine in new interpretations that bear upon our life in the world today.


Poisons are the substances that, after coming to contact with the body either internally or externally, cause deleterious effect. Poisoning is the situation when an individual comes to the contact with a poison and the development of signs and symptoms occurs. Management of poisoning is vividly discussed in the branch of Modern medicine "Toxicology". The context of the substances that can be closely compared with "poison" and "poisoning" is the concept of "BISHA"and "BISHAPITA" of the Ayurvedic classics. Bisha is discussed by the great Indian Ayurvedic scholar, the father of Indian medicine, "Charaka"in the famous book "Charaka Samhita" Chikitsasthana 23rd chapter and also by the father of Indian Surgery "Susruta" in "Susruta Samhita" Kalpasthana 8 chapters . Both the scholars have given almost same concepts on poison (Bisha) and poisoning (Bishapidita). But, even with close similarity of concepts, the description of Susruta is seemed to be more elaborate and informative hence throwing light on his concepts is considered to be more beneficial and informative.


The invention relates to a female electrical contact (1) formed by cutting and folding a strip of electrically conductive material. It comprises a connecting body (4) with a contact section (6) in which a tubular male tab contact can be inserted. Two side walls (14a, 14b) of the contact section (6) each have a window (25, 65). Optionally, a lateral support (21) extends in at least one of these windows and supports a contact blade (18). This lateral support (21) includes windings to impart more elasticity. For example, it has the shape of "S".


Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have probed the ion-induced changes in the water structure as the concentration of ion is varied. We consider two ions, namely, sodium chloride and guanidinium chloride. As the concentration of sodium ions, Na+, is increased the water structure is greatly perturbed. When the mole fraction of water is less than about 0.93, the tetrahedral network of water is affected and there is a total disruption of the tetrahdedral structure of water, just as found in water at high pressures. The number of water−water hydrogen bonds per water molecule is greatly diminished as Na+ concentration increases. Surprisingly, we find that the number of water molecules that are coordinated to Na+ is nearly independent of the sodium chloride concentration. In contrast to the kosmotropic ion Na+, the weakly hydrated chaotropic ion Gdm+ does not alter the water structure as dramatically. At all Gdm+ concentrations examined here, the water hydrogen bonds are fully preserved. We find that the ...


The present situation and future development trends for cracking stock constitution of ethylene was introduced. the constitution characteristics and existing problems for domestic cracking stock of ethylene was analysed. Suggestions on the future ethylene feedstock were put forth.


This paper introduces a new recursive factorization of the polynomial, 1-z/sup N/, over the real numbers when N is an even composite integer. The recursive factorization is applied for efficient computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the cyclic convolution of real sequences with highly composite even length.


Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have emerged as a critical regulator of intercellular and inter-organ communications. Dysregulation of exosome secretion and exosomal cargo composition has been associated with metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) on the size profile and cargoes of exosomes in diet-induced obesity.

 Female and male mice (8–10 weeks old) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks prior to being placed either in an ad libitum feeding group (HFD-AL) or an IF feeding group (HFD-IF) for an additional 10 weeks. Mice on the normal chow ad libitum (NC-AL) for 28 weeks served as control. The IF group had food available for 10 hours and fasted for 14 hours daily. Serum EVs measured using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis.

 HFD-AL mice had an increasing trend in mean diameter of serum EVs by 24 nm (P = 0.30) compared to the NC-AL mice. The IF caused a significant decrease in mean diameter of serum EVs by 47.9 nm (P < 0.03) when compared to the HFD-AL mice. However, neither HFD nor IF altered the overall particle amount per mL of serum when compared to NC-AL. The HFD-AL mice had a decreasing trend in the population of small-size EVs but an increase in large-size EVs compared to the NC-AL mice. Mice on long-term HFD with IF had a significant increase in the total amount of small EVs/exosomes (50–100 nm in size) per unit of serum, but a decrease in the amount of large EVs (250–500 nm in size). Moreover, the mean population (particles/ml) of small EVs/exosomes were increased in the HFD-IF mice by an average of 38% (P < 0.03), whereas the population of large-size micro-vesicles (250–300 nm in size) were decreased by an average of 4% (P < 0.01) when compared to the HFD-AL mice. In addition to exosome alterations, the weekly weigh-in differences were significantly higher in the HFD-IF mice compared to the HFD-AL mice (P < 0.02). Lastly, we found that IF could prevent the whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver micro-vesicular steatosis induced by a long-term HFD.

 IF significantly alters the profile of serum EVs, which may serve as an important mechanism for the metabolic benefits of IF such as preventing the whitening of BAT and liver micro-vesicular steatosis in obesity.

 This work was supported by the General Mills Foundation Chair in Genomics for Healthful Foods to X.C.


Cardiac fibrosis is a grim consequence for almost all myocardial injuries. In myocardial infarction (MI), what starts as a protective scarring process to prevent ventricular wall rupture becomes a pathological remodeling of the tissue with the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Eventually, this adaptation impedes the mechanical and electrical properties of the myocardium resulting in heart failure. Recently, we showed that periostin (Postn) expressing resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are a potential therapeutic target since they differentiate into the scar associated, matrix-producing myofibroblasts (MFs) after injury. In fact, deletion of these cells after an acute injury eliminates interstitial fibrosis but results in ventricular rupture which is a hallmark outcome of impaired ECM deposition during the acute phase of MI. On the other hand, ablation of these cells during a chronic injury such as pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis model, we observe sustained perivascular fibrosis. Previous studies report heterogeneity of origin and function for ECM producing cells associated with different cardiac diseases. Here we utilized several novel mouse models that permit lineage tracing of all activated MFs as well as perivascular mural cells in the heart to elucidate the role and fate of these distinct cardiac interstitial cells during fibrogenesis. Cells were lineage traced with a tamoxifen-inducible cre recombinase cDNA knock-in alleles (PostnMCM and Gli1CreER) in combination with a Rosa26-eGFP cre-dependent reporter. Hearts subjected to MI, TAC or Angiotensin injury were processed for extensive histological and RNAseq analyses. Results show that interstitial fibrosis in acute MI injury is a result of Postn+ MFs activity, whereas a subset of Gli1+ mural cells are responsible for the perivascular fibrosis observed after pressure overload models. Therefore, we concluded that pathological ECM deposition resulting in fibrosis comes from disease-specific specialized sub-populations of interstitial cells of the heart with distinct gene expressions and require manipulation of alternative cell- and state-specific therapeutic targets.


1. I n t r o d u c t i o n DLAs are believed to originate in gas associated with protogalaxies tha t lie along our line of sight to background quasars. The physical conditions within DLAs can reveal the star formation history, determine the chemical composition of the associated ISM, and hence document the first steps in the formation of present day galaxies. At H 1 column densities typically measured in DLAs, molecular hydrogen (H2) are conspicuous in our galaxy (Savage et al., 1977). It is known that H2 is a very useful tracer of radiat ion field and dust content in the photodissociation regions. Thus detecting H2 is the first major step toward a complete understanding of physical condition in DLAs. This was the aim of our survey using UVES installed at the ESO VLT 8.2m telescope. The survey details and notes on the observations can be seen from (Ledoux et al., 2002, 2003; Peti t jean et al., 2000, 2002 and Srianand et al., 2000). Here we just summarize the main results. 833 terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017275 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 126.96.36.199, on 03 May 2019 at 02:05:39, subject to the Cambridge Core 834 Srianand et al. 2. Physical conditions in DLAs derived from the observations Molecular hydrogen is detected in 13-20% of the newly-surveyed systems. Typical upper limits on the molecular fraction obtained in the case of non-detections is log f < -6. Absence of H2 in 80% of the systems can be explained if the formation rate of H2 on to dust grains is reduced and/or the ionizing flux is enhanced relative to what is observed in our galaxy. O I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 ! 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [• _ Q E_l 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 19.5 20 .0 2 0 . 5 21.0 21.5 22 .0 Log N(HI) Figure 1. Mean H2 molecular fraction, f =2N(H2)/(2N(H2)+N(H 1)), versus neutral hydrogen column density. Measurements in DLAs are indicated by dark squares for H2 detections and shaded ones for upper limits. Observations along lines of sight in the Galaxy (Savage et al 1977) and LMC and SMC (Tumlinson et al 2002) are indicated by, respectively, asterisks, circles and triangles. In what follows we will concentrate on physical conditions in the systems that show H2. It is known in the case of Galactic ISM that H2 becomes optically thick at log N(H 1 cm 2 ) = 20.7. However no such critical N(H 1) is defined in the case of LMC and SMC. This seems to be the case with DLAs as well (Fig. 1). The lack of this characteristic self-shielding scale is either because the DLAs span a wide range of physical conditions or the formation rate of H2 onto dust grains is reduced and the ionizing flux is enhanced relative to what is seen in our Galaxy (i.e the characteristic N(H 1) is pushed to a much higher value). Presence of dust is an important factor in the formation of H2 in DLAs (see Fig. 2). The systems with larger molecular fractions (i.e log f > —4) are always found to have large depletion (i.e., K > —1.5). Few non-detections with high K seen in the figure could just be the consequence of enhanced radiation field in these systems. terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017275 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 184.108.40.206, on 03 May 2019 at 02:05:39, subject to the Cambridge Core Molecular Hydrogen in Damped Ly-a Systems 835 L o g ACX Figure 2. H2 molecular fraction versus the amount of dust, Kx = 10l /l(l 10t/l), with either X=Zn or S or Si. A weak trend between K and f is apparent; however, several orders of magnitude spread in f(H2) for a given K, among the detected cases, suggests that in addition to the amount of dust the physical conditions of the gas (density, temperature, and UV flux) play an important role in governing the formation of H2 in DLAs. Absorption lines of C I are invariably detected in systems that show H2 absorption. The observed fine-structure excitations of C 1 in DLAs are much higher than that seen in our ISM (Fig. 3). This difference can not be explained by the CMB pumping alone and higher gas densities are favored (> 20 c m 3 for a temperature of 100 K) in the molecular gas. Rotational excitations of H2 can as well give a handle on the physical conditions. The ortho-para ratio (OPR) measured in individual components is distributed between 1 and 3 (see Fig. 4). This is higher than what is seen in galactic ISM, LMC, and SMC for similar H2 content. If we assume LTE then the observed range in OPR corresponds to the kinetic temperatures in the range 100 to 300 K. This is consistent with the usually preferred T01 measured in all these systems. The ratio N(J=2)/N(J=0) is very sensitive to the collisional excitations. We notice that this ratio is higher in the case of DLAs compared to what is measured in the local universe for similar H2 column densities (see Fig. 4). This is consistent with the higher densities derived based on C I absorption lines. As the excitational energy is large the ratio N(J=4)/N(J=0) is very sensitive to the formation pumping and UV pumping. The distribution of this ratio in DLAs is similar to that seen ISM, LMC, and SMC (see Fig. 4). The meta-galactic UV background is not good enough to pump the high J levels to the extent that is observed in DLAs. Thus local radiation field and hence in situ star formation is most likely in these systems. terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017275 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 188.8.131.52, on 03 May 2019 at 02:05:39, subject to the Cambridge Core


In order to better understand some stability problems observed along the TGV (high speed train) line between Paris and Lille, a geological presentation of the loess deposits of Northern France is provided, followed by a detailed geotechnical characterisation of a loess profile. The characterisation, that also included microstructure investigations, has been carried out on 4 good quality block samples carefully extracted at various depths, at 140 km from Paris along the TGV line. Special attention has been paid to collapse susceptibility investigated using the simple and the double oedometer methods. The effects of water content on the magnitude of collapse was also examined and the relevance of various collapse criteria is discussed. It is confirmed that the collapsibility is related to the density, the initial water content and the carbonate content of the loess. For the covering abstract see ITRD E128041.


Internal needs for the development of the world socialist system, and the necessity of ensuring its victory in the competition with capitalism in the shortest possible time, demand an acceleration of the processes of economic consolidation of the socialist countries, an expansion of economic cooperation among them. The economic and political cooperation of the socialist nations is rising to a new and higher plane.


The traditional rule at common law precluded restitution for payments made by mistake where the payer's mistake had been one of law. That rule was set aside in New Zealand in 1958. Other jurisdictions are likely soon to follow. This article considers the law of mistaken payments absent the traditional rule. Assuming restitution is available for mistakes of law, ought the payer's ability to recover nevertheless differ according to whether the mistake was one of law or one of fact? The thesis of this article is that an approach to mistaken payment cases that deals directly with the competing merits of the parties and the relevant policy concerns removes any need to distinguish between the two types of mistake. A distinction between mistakes of law and mistakes of fact should be irrelevant to the payer's ability to recover.


Recently experiments on He extraction from an amphibole by the incremental heating unexpectedly revealed that the He release pattern depends on the heating rate. During slow heating (~4 K·min−1) of the amphibole grains, one smooth peak of the He flux from the mineral was observed; in contrast, during fast heating (~40 K·min−1) an additional sharp peak appeared at a temperature about 750 °C. In order to explain these observations, we developed a model of He diffusion from the amphibole, which allowed the calculated He fluxes from the mineral to be reconciled with those observed. From the modelling we derived: (i) the helium diffusion domain size distribution, and evolution of the distribution in the course of incremental heating; (ii) occurrence of the tensile stresses, operating under enhanced temperatures above 700 °C. The stresses are different in sites with the different local thermal expansion of the crystalline lattice and they increase the He diffusion flux. The model can be applied to other minerals (materials).


This dissertation focuses on the first Parable of Vincent Ludwig Persichetti, written for alto flute in 1965. Persichetti spent from 1965 to 1986 (almost the last twenty years of his life) composing twenty-four additional Parables for various solo instruments, instrumental combinations, and even one in the form of an opera.


Aims Pattern-related visual stress (PRVS) refers to the perceptual difficulties experienced by some individuals when exposed to high contrast striped patterns. People with PRVS were reported to have reduced sensitivity to global motion at baseline testing and the difference disappears at a second estimate. The present study was to investigate the effect of practice on global motion threshold in adults with and without PRVS. Methods A total of 101 subjects were recruited and the Wilkins & Evans Pattern Glare Test was used to determine if a subject had PRVS. The threshold to detect global motion was measured with a random dot kinematogram. Each subject was measured 5 times at the first visit and again a month later. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to show the agreement between the two tests. Results Twenty-nine subjects were classified as having PRVS and 72 were classified as normal. At baseline, the threshold to detect global motion was significantly higher in subjects with PRVS (0.832 ± 0.098 vs. 0.618 ± 0.228, p < 0.001). After 5 sessions, the difference between the normal and subjects with PRVS increased (0.767 ± 0.170 vs. 0.291 ± 0.149, p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) improved from 0.792 at baseline to 0.964 at the fifth session. After a one-month break, the difference between normal and subjects with PRVS was still significant (0.843 ± 0.169 vs. 0.407 ± 0.216, p < 0.001) and the AUC was 0.875. Conclusion The ability to detect global motion is impaired in persons with PRVS and the difference increased after additional sessions of practice.


In this study, we developed a system for calculating the relative position and angle between a mobile robot and a marker using information such as the size of the marker of the internal camera of the mobile robot. Using this information, the mobile robot runs autonomously along the path given by the placement of the marker. In addition, we provide a control system that can follow a trajectory using information obtained by recognizing the mobile robot when reflected in an external camera using deep learning. The proposed method can easily achieve autonomous path travel control for mobile robots in environments where GPS cannot be received. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated under several actual experiments.


The utility model provides an injection molding machine and sizing material intercommunication device thereof, sizing material intercommunication device includes hydro -cylinder and runner connecting block. The cylinder body and the second of hydro -cylinder are penetrated fixed linking to each other, just penetrate the she zui interval setting of platform with the second, the runner connecting block has an intercommunication inner chamber, the runner connecting block set up in hydro -cylinder and second penetrate the platform penetrate the interval between chewing in, can be in the interval rectilinear movement, when the piston rod of hydro -cylinder is ejecting, can promote the runner connecting block and penetrate penetrating of platform to the second and chew the direction and remove, and make runner connecting block and second penetrate the outer end laminating that penetrating of platform was chewed, and the runner intercommunication that penetrating of platform was chewed is penetrated with the second to the intercommunication inner chamber of runner connecting block to it penetrates platform and the first runner of penetrating the platform to link up the second, return when reseing at the piston rod of hydro -cylinder, the outer end autosegregation who chews of platform can be penetrated with the second to the runner connecting block to cut off the second and penetrate platform and the first runner of penetrating the platform, just so realized satisfying the volume of glue of penetrating greatly and penetrating the requirement that the volume of glue was exchanged for a short time.


We report a novel organocatalytic one-pot cascade bromination-Michael-type Friedel-Crafts alkylation dearomatization-nucleophilic rearrangement aromatization cascade process for the direct α-indolylation of unfunctionalized enals from readily available indoles with good yields and high E selectivity. The simplicity and practicality of its high efficiency for formation of a new C(sp(2))-C(sp(2)) bond constitute the most attractive advantage of this reaction.


"Suspension-feeding bivalves, such as oyster Crassostrea gigas, are known to accumulate PSP toxins, which are neurotoxins associated to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) species, such as Gymnodinium catenatum. This study describes the effects of an acute exposition to this dinoflagellate on youth oysters farmed (1-3 mm). Oysters were fed with three concentrations of dinoflagellate (300=TR1, 3,000=TR2, and 30,000=TR3 cell/mL) and a control diet of Isochrysis galbana for 24 hours. The effect of G. catenatum in the organisms was observed through clearance rate determination and by gene expression analysis of TRYP, P21, CHR, EF2, TUB, ACT, and r28S. The results showed that G. catenatum affects feeding behavior in oysters: clearance rate decreased significantly (p = 0.05) as a first response to initial contact in all treatments. Overexpression was principally detected in genes involved in the regulation of nucleic acid at 6 hours for P21 and CHR, with higher expression with TR1. However, EF2 gene showed significant overexpression (p = 0.05) only with TR3 during the first six hours. TRYP gene was overexpressed significantly (p = 0.05) after 6 hours in all treatments; it was higher at 6 hours in TR1 and 24 hours in TR2. Cytoskeleton gene ACT was overexpressed at 24 hours in TR1 and TR2, reaching higher expression levels at 12 hours in both treatments. On the other hand, TUB gen was overexpressed in TR2 and TR3. These findings show that an acute exposure of oysters to the dinoflagellate G. catenatum induces both physiological and molecular stress. Through modulation of the gene expressions involved in several metabolic pathways, this dinoflagellate activates the main mechanisms response against cell damage."


This paper presents a flexible communication module for low-level as well as high-level image processing operations. It allows a good separation of data communication and data processing and thereby reduces the necessary amount of work for the implementation of parallel image processing algorithms. It supports heterogenous processor systems. It has been successfully used for the parallel implementation of a hierarchical image transition and for its symbolic analysis on a 9-node transputer image processing system. Experimental results in the field of traffic sign detection are discussed.


Contents Introduction * Educating for Automation: Can the Library Schools Do the Job? * Salaries of Automation Librarians: Positions and Requirements * Personnel and Technology: An Opportunity for Innovation * Jobs and Change in the Technological Age * Managing Experts: Creating Links Between Librarians, Users, and Systems * Core Competencies: Recruiting, Training, and Evaluating in the Automated Reference Environment * Is Library Automation Producing a New Kind of Manager? * "We Have a Computer": Administrative Issues in the Relations Between Libraries and Campus Computing Organizations * Automation and the Renaissance Technical Services Librarian * Caught in the Middle: Systems, Staff, and Maintenance in the Medium-Sized Academic Library * Job Satisfaction: Does Automation Make a Difference? * Performance Appraisal in the Automated Environment * Library Automation and Personnel Issues: A Selected Bibliography


The present invention relates to a method of active channels of the digital receiver. The present invention determines whether the selected channel is an active channel by the user, and provides the check result of the channel group if the active set of the digital receiver processing of the active channels are processed by the GUI and the scenario method. Therefore, there is an effect to provide a more friendly GUI and the scenario to the user on the active channel, according to the present invention. PSIP, active channels, the active channels, VCT, EPG


The growing importance of systems for symbolic computation has greatly influenced the decision to organize the International Symposium on Design and Implementation of Symbolic Computation Systems, DISCO '90. It took place in Capri, Italy, April 10-12, 1990, with the partecipation of about 120 researchers of several european and extraeuropean countries. DISCO '90 has been the first international event in the field, organized and sponsored by Italian Universities, Institutes of the Italian National Research Council and industry, in cooperation with: ACM, AICA, AiiA, EATCS, ECCAI, SAME, SIGSAM


Larvae of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense reared in tap water dechlorinated with sodium thiosulfate (STS) have reduced survival time and retarded development, compared with other dechlorination methods. We examined the effects of STS and sodium tetrathionate (STT), which is produced by residual chlorine and STS, on survival and molts of larvae. STT had the same effect on larvae as the positive control (aerated tap water), however, larvae were susceptible to STS, onset of death was rapid at STS concentrations of >2 mg/l. Therefore, further clarification of appropriate concentration of STS for dechlorination is necessary.


The paper presents an investigation on the correlation between spectral characteristics and conservation conditions of parchment to define a NON invasive methodology able to detect and monitor deterioration process in historical parchment without the need of taking small samples. To verify the feasibility and define the most appropriate measurement method, several samples of contemporary parchments, produced following ancient recipes and coming from different animal species, with different degrees of artificially induced damage, were analyzed. The SRF and STF of each sample were measured in the same point, before and after each step of the artificial ageing treatment. Having at disposal a parchment coming from a whole lamb leather, allowed also the study of the correlations between the variations of SRF – STF and the intrinsic factors of a parchment like the variability of animal skin anatomy and of manufacturing. Analyzing different samples allowed also the definition of the measuring method sensitivity and of reference spectrum for the different animal species parchments with accuracy limits. The definition of a reference spectrum of not damaged parchment with acceptability limits is a necessary step for understanding, through SRF – STF measurements, historical parchments conservation conditions: indeed it is necessary to know if deviations from the reference spectrum are ascribable to damage or only to parchment anatomic/production variability. As a case study, the method has been applied to two historical parchment scrolls stored at the Archivio di Stato di Torino (Italy). The SRF - STF of both scrolls was acquired in several points of the scroll, the average spectrum of each scroll was compared with the reference spectra with the relative tolerance limits, recognizing the animal species and damage alterations and demonstrating the feasibility of the method.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita .................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Review of Literature ......................................................................................... 7 Chapter 3: Methods ........................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 4: Results ............................................................................................................. 62 Chapter 5: Discussion ....................................................................................................... 78 References ....................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix A: Tables and Figures .................................................................................... 114 Appendix B: Sample RIA Lesson Plan ........................................................................... 139 Appendix C: Sample RIA Learners" Ladder Page .......................................................... 140 Appendix D: SCC Score Sheet ....................................................................................... 141


Agroforestry in Indonesian language simply means as planting trees on agricultural land.Land's management with sustainable agroforestry systems expected to be able improve field productivity. It has needed to do financial analysis for agroforestry cropping patterns. It based on some of dominant plant species in agroforestry cropping patterns.This study conducted in the Pesawaran Indah Village of Padang Cermin Subdistrict on Pesawaran District in March-May 2012. The study aims to determine a profitable agroforestry cropping patterns based on financial analysis. Sampling used by purposive sampling technique. Financial analysis of agroforestry cropping pattern used the NPV, BCR and IRR with feasibility age of 20 years and an interest rate of 12%.The results showed that there are 9 agroforestry cropping patterns applied. Analysis showed that agroforestry cropping patterns is financially viable to be applied. Among 9 cropping pattern, pattern VI which is combination of Cocoa, Coconut and Banana has the highest profit with NPV is Rp 71.392.802,34,-, BCR of 7,39 and an IRR of 96%.


T and B lymphocytes make physical contact (6). Though both swift and brief (4, 7), this encounter initiates a complex program of B cell differentiation leading to specialization for early antibody production or immune memory. In the spleen, B cells initially proliferate in the T cell-rich periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) and then either develop locally into foci of antibody-secreting cells or migrate to the nearby lymphoid follicle to initiate germinal center (GC) formation (3-5).