FIELD: microbiology, biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: method for isolating crystalline carotinoid compound from bacterial biomass involves disruption of bacterial cellular walls in carotinoid-containing biomass, separation of cellular debris in bacterial carotinoid-containing biomass from carotinoid-containing residue, washing out carotinoid-containing residue with a solvent that provides removing lipid, suspending the obtained carotinoid-containing residue in water with aim for flotation of carotinoid compound, isolation of crystalline carotinoid compound and, optionally, the further purification of crystalline carotinoid compound. Flotation of crystalline carotinoid compound can be improved by passing gas bubbles through the suspension. Water used in flotation of crystalline carotinoid compound can contain salt or oil. Method is useful both for wet cellular residue and for dry biomass wherein carotinoid compound is in crystalline form. Method allows isolating carotinoid compound from bacterial mass directly being without dissolving stage in solvent and the following crystallization. This allows avoiding loss of carotinoid compound and allows avoiding using a solvent in large amount. EFFECT: improved isolating method. 16 cl, 3 ex


Machine-to-Machine (M2M) area networks aim at connecting an M2M gateway with a large number of energy-constrained devices that must operate autonomously for years. Therefore, attaining high energy efficiency is essential in the deployment of M2M networks. In this paper, we consider a dense M2M area network composed of hundreds or thousands of devices that periodically transmit data upon request from a gateway or coordinator. We theoretically analyse the devices' energy consumption using two Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols which are based on a tree-splitting algorithm to resolve collisions among devices: the Contention Tree Algorithm (CTA) and the Distributed Queuing (DQ) access. We have carried out computer-based simulations to validate the accuracy of the theoretical models and to compare the energy performance using DQ, CTA, and Frame Slotted-ALOHA (FSA) in M2M area networks with devices in compliance with the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer. Results show that the performance of DQ is totally independent of the number of contending devices, and it can reduce the energy consumed per device in more than 35% with respect to CTA and in more than 80% with respect to FSA.


Whether or not it is correct that the concepts of source and residence are losing their significance, residence for tax purposes is still an important question under Australian tax law, and one with significant consequences. This article focuses on the residence of corporations for Australian tax purposes. The traditional authorities on corporate residence, as well as the tax treaty position, are reviewed. The implications of the recent decision in Hua Wang Bank Berhad v FCT (currently under appeal) are discussed. The article concludes with observations about the future of corporate residence principles. Internationally, the trends are towards transfer pricing-based source rules, territorial tax systems, and the lowering or abolition of permanent establishment thresholds. The author predicts that corporate residence will become less significant over time and concludes that this is consistent with the corporate tax's character as a source tax.


Summary In the spring of 1780 there appeared a short work by J. H. de Magellan, published in London but written in French, which contained the first table of specific heats (and the first use of this term) to appear in print. Magellan attributed the table to Richard Kirwan, but in none of his published works does Kirwan refer to it, so that the circumstances of its compilation are obscure. Kirwan's correspondence, however, provides evidence both of his association with Magellan and of his long concern with theories of heat. In a series of letters concerned principally with his forthcoming publication, written to James Watt at the beginning of 1780, Magellan attacked Joseph Black for his failure to publish his own work on heat.


recurring theme in the works of Benjamin Graham. His primary interest was in the valuation of individual securities, an activity that proved more rewarding. Yet, despite discouraging results, he tried for over 30 years to devise a valuation formula that would identify the midpoints of broad market swings.' Reviewing the results of his earliest Central Value formula for the 25-year period 1924-48 in the 1949 edition of The Intelligent Inuestor,' Graham was able to conclude that they were "quite satisfactory on the whole" an understatement, since an investor who followed it would have escaped the 1929 debacle, and every sale was at a higher level than the preceding purchase. Nevertheless, Graham fretted, because the formula did not indicate a "sell" signal at or below the 1946 peak. When others pointed out that there would have been a "sell" signal if he had used the Standard Statistics Index instead of the DJIA, he dryly observed that techniques can always be improved with the application of hindsight. On a more optimistic note, however, he wrote (in 1949) that the failure of the DJIA to reach a selling range in 1946 may have meant that the Average did not complete its full bull market rise in that year.


en la Roma Antigua [2012], p. 213), but an opportunity to reassert one's ethnic identity with the inhabitants of Falerii Novi recreating elements of Falerii Veteres (M. Millett, 'Urban Topography and Social Identity in the Tiber Valley', in: R. Roth and J. Keller [edd.], Roman by Integration [2007], pp. 77–81; S. Keay, M. Millett, 'Republican and Early Imperial Towns in the Tiber Valley', in: A. Cooley [ed.], A Companion to Roman Italy [2016], pp. 364–5). The Romans would exploit internal divisions and reward those who displayed loyalty to Rome, for example, at Falerii, where several families attested before 241 BCE (the Egnatii, Hirmii, Latrii, Neronii, Tirrii and Vecilii) monopolised control after the relocation to Falerii Novi (p. 202). Relocations could be initiated by the indigenous peoples, so the Ligures Apuani petitioned Rome in 182 BCE for permission to settle in Gaul (Liv. 40.16.5) and again took the initiative in negotiating with the proconsuls P. Cornelius Cethegus and M. Baebius Tamphilus two years later (Liv. 40.38.3–5). The Apuani had been defeated by the consul C. Flaminius in 187 BCE (Liv. 39.2.6) and may have been amongst the Ligures who sent ambassadors to Rome in 181 BCE to seek a perpetual peace (Liv. 40.34.8). The proconsuls' decision is caused by their desire to bring the war to an end (Liv. 40.38.2): nullium alium ante finem rati fore Ligustini belli. By showing that the Romans alternated military intervention with treaties and displacements S.R. gives us a more pragmatic Rome that was prepared to use whatever means necessary to achieve its goals. Scholarship builds on what has gone before, and S.R.'s work does not hide its debt to the groundbreaking article of Pina Polo, but it goes far further in the breadth and depth of its analysis. The result is an authoritative and thought-provoking study that should be read by anyone interested in the mechanics of Roman Imperialism during the Middle and Late Republic.


Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 1979; 88(supp 60)3-12. 15. Reichman J, Healey WC. Learning disabilities and conductive hearing loss involving otitis media. J Learn Disabil 1983;15:272-8. 16. Share DL, Chalmers D, Silva PA, et al. Reading disability and middle ear disease. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:400-10. 17. Roberts JE, Sanyal MA, Burchinal MR, et al. Otitis media in early childhood and its relationship to later verbal and aca-


The present study was conducted in order to compare safety, efficacy and treatment benefits of Laparoscopic appendicectomy versus traditional Open appendicectomy in acute appendicitis. 100 patients of acute ap- pendicitis admitted in surgical wards of government hospital were included in this study and alternately allotted to open and laparoscopic appendicectomy. The mean age of patients undergoing open and laparoscopic appendicectomy was 25.78 and 24.06 yrs. The male to female ratio for open appendicectomy group was 2:1 whereas it was 1.5:1 for those who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy. The mean duration of operation was 35 minutes for open group and 45 minutes for laparoscopic appendicectomy. The laparoscopic group had significantly less requirement of analgesia post operatively (4doses of Diclofenac Sodium Vs 7.76 doses) as compared to the open appendicectomy group. The time required for re- sumption of oral fluids(1 Vs 3 days), solid diet (2 vs 4 days), hospital stay (3 vs 5 days) and return to full working activity( 7 vs 15 days) was significantly less in the laparoscopic appendicectomy group than in open appendicectomy group. We conclude that laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe, efficient and feasible option for open appendicectomy.


The reactions of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azides 1 with some electron-rich olefins have been studied. Alkyl vinyl ethers reacted with 1 readily at 0 degreesC or room temperature (RT) and did not give the corresponding N-fluoroalkanesulfonyl azilidines but 1-fluoroalkanesulfonyl-1,2,3-triazolines 3, which decomposed slowly at room temperature to form 1,4-fluoroalkanesulfonyl-2,5-alkoxyl-piperazines 4 with elimination of nitrogen gas. In contrast, more electron-rich alkene, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) reacted with 1 affording N-fluoroalkanesulfonyl bis(dimethylamino)amidines 6 accompanying the release of N-2. Reaction mechanisms are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


A compact spatial multiplexing of local elements (SMILE) scheme smart antenna array with adaptive beamforming is presented. Low-noise amplifiers are implemented as switching elements to maintain a low system noise figure and allow fast switching. The switching scheme effectively reduces N RF channels to one, reducing the amount of costly RF hardware by a factor of N. The sampling rate must be higher than the signal bandwidth based on the Nyquist criterion to ensure proper restoration of the original signal. Measured data for destination of arrival estimation, beamforming, and digital data recovery demonstrate the capability and benefits of digital beamforming with this architecture.


AbstractCreep can occur by dislocation movement, grain-boundary sliding, or diffusion of vacancies from grain-boundary sources to grain-boundary sinks. Another mechanism has recently been proposed whereby a diffusional creep-strain component can arise due to the growth of cavities situated on grain boundaries normal to the tensile stress axis. It is implicit in this model that a diffusional creep component should also occur in materials containing existing cavities when tested in compression. Here experimental evidence is presented obtained on uranium dioxide which supports this view. Comparisons are made between experiment and theory, limitations of the theory are discussed and a modification is made to take account of a distribution of cavity sizes.


The recent Journal of General Physiology Perspectives (133:227–229, 245–262) deal with several key issues in TRPA1. The four informative papers (Bang and Hwang, 2009; Caspani and Heppenstall, 2009; Kwan and Corey, 2009; Latorre, 2009) provided a comprehensive review on the recent progress and remaining puzzles. Ample evidence suggests that the sensory function of TRPA1 is evolutionarily conserved. This notion is further supported by the fact that TRPA1 from several mammalian species (human, rat, and mouse) is activated by common ligands (a plethora of electrophylus) through a common mechanism (covalent modification). However, recent studies from us and others have revealed species-specific activation or blockade of TRPA1 by many ligands. Here, we wish to raise the awareness of the species difference issue, which has been largely overlooked thus far, but will have a profound impact on TRPA1 research and drug development.


To obtain right separation methods of Alternaria alternata toxin, absorbility of macroporous resins,DA201, D101,HZ-803, 1300 and activated carbonwere compared, and the filtrate load, pH, and concentration of ethanol that influenced adsorption and desorption were designed. Results showed that DA201 had the greatest absorbility with best absorption and desorption in culture condition, a filtrate volume load of 60 to 70 times than resin volume, a pHof 4.12- 4.62, and a 90% ethanol eluting solvent.Thus,DA201 was suitable forpurification and enrichment of the Alternaria alternata toxin.[Ch, 1 fig. 3 tab. 12 ref.]


The artistic stylization transformation of images is an important part in the research of Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR). This kind of non-realistic stylized research has a very strong realistic romantic temperament and it can express the artistic pursuit of researchers very well. It is a good example of practical application combining computer science and art. In the technology of image style conversion, the simulation of the realistic art style includes mainly cartoon style, oil painting style, ink painting style and pencil drawing style. Previously, some researchers proposed a style conversion method based on the prior knowledge that there might be crosses at the junction of two lines where the tone distribution has a certain rule. However, in this paper, we have focused on the use of an edge extraction algorithm based on Non-symmetry and Anti-packing pattern representation Model (NAM) to enhance the pencil strokes and highlight the details of the image. Then, by combining the line pencil strokes with the tone drawing, we can transform the image into an image with pencil sketch style. Finally, compared with the most important previous methods, the experimental results presented in this paper showed that our proposed method showed more clearly the scene and the content and more details of the image than the previous methods. We also verified our method and calculated Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of original images and color pencil drawings with different algorithms on the 7 nature images and the BSDS500 data set.


This article intends to elucidate Fernando Pessoa's thematization about the issue of metaphysics, in the light of the philosophical writings left by that author in his literary estate. In Pessoa's Archive, kept in the National Library of Portugal, one finds a multiplicity of philosophical projects and fragments about metaphysics, which are in the origin of a plurality of writings concerning the meaning of the notion of being. Thus, through the analysis of Pessoa's several projects devoted to the issue of metaphysics, we aim to clarify the various solutions presented by Fernando Pessoa for the issue of being.


Surface immunoglobulin positive and immunoglobulin negative human lymphocyte populations were obtained by immunoabsorbent column chromatography. Both cell populations were effective as stimulating and target cells in allogeneic MLC and CML reactions. The immunoglobulin negative population was further depleted of both EAC rosette forming cells and nylon wool adherent cells. The resulting highly purified T cell population was also able to stimulate allogeneic cells in MLC, and induce the generation of specifically cytotoxic killer cells in CML.


During the annual academic conference of the Canon Law School of the Comillas Pontifical University, and in view of recurring polemic discussion in the Spanish media concerning the IBI (local tax) exemption of the Catholic Church, the author poses a double question: if the exemption of the IBI is in accordance with the Spanish Constitution, and if within the realm of constitutionality, it is coherent with the current Spanish regulatory framework of religious freedom, according to the principles of equality, laicity, non-confessionalism or religious neutrality and cooperation; and, in the second place, if the aforesaid exemption comes to terms with the principles that regulate the Spanish non-profit sector framework. In order to answer these questions, the author analyzes the constitutional regulations regarding religious freedom and the complementary regulations on the exemption for the Catholic Church (Catholic Church-Spanish State Agreements, Organic Law 7, 5 July 1980, and the Law 49/2002, containing the Non-Profit Fiscal Regulations).


To the Editor: Leishmaniasis is a common vector-borne disease affecting the US military forces that have been deployed in the Middle East. It is caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies (old world). The sandflies inject the infective stage, metacyclic promastigotes, during blood meals. They are phagocytized by macrophages within which they transform into amastigotes. Amastigotes multiply in infected cells and disseminate to different tissues, depending in part on which species is involved and present as cutaneous, visceral, or mucocutaneous diseases. Leishmaniasis of the skin can occur as several different forms: localized cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, leishmaniasis recidivans, mucocutaneous, and post-kalaazar dermatosis. Of the old world Leishmania species, Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are associated with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), the most common presentation. This form typically presents as an asymptomatic erythematous papule/ulcer at the site of sandfly bite after 2–8 weeks. The lesion slowly enlarges and progresses to form a well-circumscribed shallow ulcer that does not respond to antibiotics. Most localized lesions regress over a period of 7–12 months without therapy. The patients do not develop fever, anemia, or hepatosplenomegaly, by definition. However, they can progress to the diffuse form. However, Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum almost exclusively cause visceral disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we present an unusual case of isolated LCL by L. donovani. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case documented in a US solider deployed to Southwest Asia. A 25-year-old well-nourished immunocompetent man presented with a 2-month history of small mildly pruritic lesions on the right side of his neck. He had been deployed to Afghanistan for a 12-month period 4 years ago. He had returned from his second deployment of 10-month duration 4 months ago before presentation. Physical examination revealed a small group of 2–4 mm skin-colored papulovesicles around an area of 2 · 5 mm dry ulceration, clinically suspicious for herpes dermatitis. Over the next few weeks, the papules coalesced to form a large (1.3 · 0.8 mm) lesion (Fig. 1). A shave biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed acanthosis, minimal epidermal spongiosis, and focal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. The dermis showed mild edema and a dense inflammatory infiltrate composed primarily of histiocytes, interspersed with lymphocytes (Fig. 2A). The macrophages contained numerous organisms within their cytoplasm. The organisms were present in small individual parasitic vacuoles and were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Closer examination demonstrated the presence of a large nucleus and a small kinetoplast within these organisms, consistent with infection by Leishmania sp (Fig. 2B). A second biopsy was performed, and the sample was sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for culture and species identification along with serum samples. Culture in Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium followed by isoenzyme analysis revealed the species to be L. donovani. Serologic analysis for antileishmanial antibodies using Kalazar Detect Rapid Test was also positive. However, the patient had no weight loss and did not develop lymphadenopathy or fever during this time. Although the patient had mild intermittent abdominal pain, headaches, and fatigue, his liver function tests were normal, and a CT scan did not reveal hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. In addition, the patient did not develop pancytopenia, hypo-, or hyper-proteinemia, suggesting the absence of visceral involvement. He was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (5 consecutive days of 3 mg/kg, followed by a sixth dose on day 10), after which, the lesion regressed completely. This regimen of amphotericin B is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis, unlike the more prolonged course used for visceral disease. The patient continued to be asymptomatic after 2 years of follow-up. In the past few years, several cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and a few cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been diagnosed in American soldiers deployed to Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan. If FIGURE 1. Clinical presentation. Initially, the skin lesion consisted of few papulovesicles surrounding an area of central ulceration. Later, the papules coalesced to form a larger, erythematous, focally encrusted papule. Inset: dermatoscopic view of the lesion reveals central erosion overlying a white starburst-like pattern with a small area of arborizing vessels.


The singing voice is the oldest and most complex musical instrument. A familiar singer's voice is easily recognizable for humans, even when hearing a song for the first time. On the other hand, for automatic identification this is a difficult task among sound source identification applications. The signal processing techniques aim to extract features that are related to identity characteristics. The research presented in this paper considers 32 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients in two subsets: the low order MFCCs characterizing the vocal tract resonances and the high order MFCCs related to the glottal wave shape. We explore possibilities to identify and discriminate singers using the two sets. Based on the results we can affirm that both subsets have their contribution in defining the identity of the voice, but the high order subset is more robust to changes in singing style.


Ultrasound monitoring of the urinary tract was performed three times in 158 pregnant women (before the 20th week, between the 20th and 30th weeks, and after the 30th week). Dilatation of the kidney was found in 82 women (51.9 percent). All patients with pyelitis gravidarum were found to have dilatation of the kidney. Patients with hydronephrosis are a high-risk group for infection of the urinary tract. Recurrences are common among these women.


Learning pattern of Islamic higher education, especially in Indonesia, is generally dominated by conventional learning with teacher-centered approach in which learning process focuses on the lectures, not on the students. As a result, the students tend to be passive and poor of creativity, less capable of arguing, trying, and appreciating science. Considering this reality, it is a necessity to make some efforts of reconstructing that learning pattern. One of them is doing bench-marking against universities in Australia, like Melbourne University. Therefore, this study focuses on learning management system of Melbourne University in relation to the development of learning quality. The result of the study shows that learning strategy developed at Melbourne University enhances student active learning through a variety of learning experiences, such as on-line discussion (collaborative learning), weekly readings, weekly exams, weekly assignments (independent learning), class presentation, and round table discussion. In addition, learning management system at Melbourne University has been running well along with an integrated system of ICT that enables the lecturers to communicate their courses and enables the students to interact dynamically with the tasks, lectures, and other students. It is expected that this can be an inspiration and alternative model for Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia in designing their learning pattern and environment to promote active learning.


Two one-parameter families of twists providing {kappa}-Minkowski * product deformed spacetime are considered: Abelian and Jordanian. We compare the derivation of quantum Minkowski space from two perspectives. The first one is the Hopf module algebra point of view, which is strictly related with Drinfeld's twisting tensor technique. The other one relies on an appropriate extension of ''deformed realizations'' of nondeformed Lorentz algebra by the quantum Minkowski algebra. This extension turns out to be de Sitter Lie algebra. We show the way both approaches are related. The second path allows us to calculate deformed dispersion relations for toy models ensuing from different twist parameters. In the Abelian case, one recovers {kappa}-Poincare dispersion relations having numerous applications in doubly special relativity. Jordanian twists provide a new type of dispersion relations which in the minimal case (related to Weyl-Poincare algebra) takes an energy-dependent linear mass deformation form.


When a volatile solvent droplet is deposited on a freely floating swellable sheet, it can spontaneously become lobed, asymmetric, and either spin, slide or move via a combination of the two. This process of symmetry-breaking is a consequence of the solvent droplet swelling the membrane and its inhomogeneous evaporation from the membrane, coupled with the hydrodynamics within the droplet. By tuning the membrane thickness and the droplet size, we find a critical threshold that determines the transition from a quiescent spherical cap state to a self-piloted motile state. Simple scaling laws determine the angular and linear velocities of the droplets, and a 1D analog experiment confirms the relative roles of evaporation, swelling and viscoelastic dissipation.


We propose a reputation-based trust management system, ROCQ, to reduce unauthentic and corrupted file transfers in end-user collaborative content-distribution systems. Such systems are characterized by the splitting of large files into (optionally encoded) blocks and the simultaneous downloading of several blocks from different nodes to speed up content distribution. All nodes must cooperate and provide correct content for such systems to function smoothly. If malicious nodes are present, they can quickly bring the system to a halt by introducing fake blocks in the network making it impossible to reconstruct the original file. ROCQ (reputation, opinion, credibility and quality) uses feedback from past interactions among nodes to create node reputations. This allows detection of malicious nodes in a transaction-based network. We study the performance of ROCQ as used in a content distribution network. We find that ROCQ decreases the likelihood of a user receiving fake blocks by up to 16%, and, hence, significantly reduces bandwidth waste.


Based on Literature research,This paper empirically investigates and analyzes the functions of the four typical Learning Center Management Subsystem.Based on these and Systematic theory,this paper concludes the functions that a fine platform shouht have.Then the paper proposes some suggestion that may have important reference values for the upgrading of the Distance Education Platform.


Price-matching guarantees represent a technique that promises the refund of price difference in the case a customer finds elsewhere a lower price. Such tactic is used by stores to create a low price image and to stimulate the searching behaviour. Price-matching guarantees might have also an influence on value perceptions and shopping intentions. In Romania, this technique was introduced in the last 15 years, being conducted few studies on Romanians attitude on such pricing tactic. The present paper has as purpose to identify the way in which the refund depth (the amount offered as difference in the case of finding a lower price elsewhere) and the searching area (the area where must be found the stores that offer price-matching guarantees) influence the price perceptions, the searching behaviour, the value perceptions and the price fairness perceptions. There was conducted a 2x2 marketing experiment among Romanian students that were exposed previously to price-matching guarantees technique and that belong to the target market of the product used in the experiment. The managerial implications of the study evidence some directions on the most effective ways to use price-matching guarantees, concerning price perceptions and shopping behaviour.


The signing of the 2007 UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by over a hundred states is a realization of the importance of the quest of indigenous peoples to direct their present and future existence, together with the knowledge and heritage they have acquired from their ancestors which they constantly mould to survive and thrive in a contemporary world made up of competing interests that are often at odds with their physical, cultural, and spiritual survival. The paper examines some of the interconnected philosophical and legal issues concerning indigenous knowledge and the indigenes' quest to safeguard their knowledge, with indigenous philosophical views given the necessary focus in analyzing these issues. It also traces how these philosophical views inform and are reflected in international documents, including the 2007 UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.


In this paper, a series of zinc cobaltite catalysts with the general formula Znx-Co1-xCo2O4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) has been prepared using the co-precipitation method. Thermal analyzes (TGA and DTA) were used to follow up the thermal events accompanying the heat treatment of the parent mixture. Based on these results, the various parent mixtures were calcined at 500℃. The obtained solid catalysts were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR and N2-adsorption. The catalytic decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2 was carried out on the zinc-cobaltite catalysts. It was found that partial replacement of Co2+ by Zn2+ in Co3O4 spinel oxide led to a significant improvement in their N2O decomposition activity. Moreover, the catalytic activity was found to be depended on the calcination temperature utilized.


Objective To explore effects of losartan,spironolactone therapy on metalloproteinases-9(MMP- 9) during early stage after myocardial infarction in rats,and their mechanisms,thus provide evidence for clinic.Methods Established myocardial infarction model,early application of aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone 20 mg·d~(-1)·kg~(-1)(spironolactone group),angiotensin-Ⅱreceptor antagonist losartan 10mg·d~(-1)·kg~(-1)(losartan group), sham operation(Sham group) and acute myocardial infarction group(AMI group),MMP-9 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with Sham group,the expression of MMP-9 increased significantly in AMI group(P0.01),compared with AMI group,the expression of MMP-9 in losartan group and spironolactone group decreased after myocardial infarction(P0.01),and decreased more in losarton group(P0.01). Conclusion Losartan,spironolactone could help to improve the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.


This work aimed at determining the occurrence of heat resistant molds during the aseptic processing of tomato pulp (8° BRIX). During tomato harvest, 9 lots were sampled (3 at the beginning, 3 at the apex and 3 at the end of harvest) and other 5 lots were sampled between harvest. For each lot, the enumeration of heat resistant molds was carried out in samples collected during the aseptic process. The mean count of heat resistant molds was relatively low, ranging from <1 to 8CFU/100mL of sample. The higher counts were observed in the raw material and the pre-wash and transportation water. Fifty strains of heat resistant molds detected in the enumeration procedure were isolated, codified and stocked. One-month-old spores of each isolate were submitted to different heat shocks to select the most heat resistant mold. The most heat resistant isolated strain (survived 100° C/25 minutes) was identified as Neosartorya fischeri.


Treatment response to antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic drugs is influenced by genetic factors and depends on the structure or functional expression of gene products. While treatment response is believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors, the contribution of an individual gene to drug response is likely to be modest. However, interactions between different genes may result in a dramatic modification of drug response (additive, nonadditive or multiplicative gene effects). The challenge faced by research into the genetic basis of psychopharmacological drug responses is to identify genes of relative small effect against a background of substantial genetic and environmental variation. Emotionality, cognition, and motor functions as well as circadian and neuroendocrine rhythms including food intake, sleep and reproductive activity are both modulated by the brainstem raphe serotonin (5HT) system, and distinctively altered in anxiety spectrum and mood disorders. While 5HT controls a highly complex system of neural communication mediated by multiple preand postsynaptic 5HT receptor subtypes including the serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1A), high-affinity 5HT transport into the presynaptic neuron and thus maintenance of the 5HT pool available for subsequent release is


Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 homeless youth, this study depicts a unique aspect of homeless youth street culture—the formation of "street families." This article examines youth's motivations for creating street families, their organization and maintenance, and the role gender plays in adopting familial identities. Although many homeless adolescents come from dysfunctional families, street family members often recreate traditional family roles. Membership often mitigates the demands of street life, yet intragroup violence/victimization is common. The findings highlight the unique nature of street families and implications for research, policy, and practice, including the need for involving peers in intervention efforts.


visual loss. Treatment with acetazolamide, dexamethasone, glycerol, lumbo-peritoneal and ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and four optic nerve sheath fenestrations was unsuccessful in preventing blindness. She continued having chronic headaches despite five shunt revisions. On exam she was obese, and her optic discs were pale and atrophic. She was able only to perceive light with the right eye and her visual acuity was 20⁄400 on the left. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal, as was CSF analysis. Topiramate was prescribed at a dose of 25 mg bid and it was titrated to 50 mg bid over 1 month. At this dose, she became headache-free and began losing weight. Four months later, her OP was 19 cmH 2 0 (her first normal OP on record). Case 3 involves a 34-year-old obese woman with hypothroidism and depression presenting with a 2-week history of headache and visual blurring in the left eye. Ophthalmologic exam revealed papilledema of the left eye and an enlarged blind spot by formal visual field testing. Brain MRI was normal, and LP revealed OP of 27 cmH 2 O. The patient was started on acetazolamide 500 mg per day, but we could not increase the dosage due to paresthesias. Follow-up ophthalmologic exam 18 months later revealed mild right optic disc edema and stable left eye papilledema. She continued to have intermittent headaches. She was switched to topiramate 100 mg per day, and a follow-up exam after 8 weeks of treatment revealed minimal right-sided papilledema, a normal left disc, and normal visual field testing. Her headaches and visual symptoms ceased and she experienced a 15-lb weight loss. There are several reasons to consider using topiramate in IIH. At clinically relevant doses, topiramate inhibits carbonic anhydrase (although its effect is less potent than that of acetazolamide). 1 Weight loss is a frequent and, in this case, welcome, side effect. Topiramate is useful in suppressing cluster headaches and is currently being tested for its utility in treating other types of headache. 2 Although no experimental or clinical data suggest that topiramate directly decreases ICP, our cases lend clinical support to this possibility, and we suggest that its use be considered in the treatment of IIH. Fernando L. Pagan, MD Lucas Restrepo, MD Marshall Balish, MD, PhD Huned S. Patwa, MD Sidney Houff, MD, PhD


Abstract : The author discusses the impact on the economy of defense spending from the point of view of an economist rather than of a politician. Politicians and political appointees make judgments as to relative worth of social programs and defense programs. He attempts to examine the impact of defense expenditures on the economy in a way that is not biased by any preconceived judgements.


The effect of mechanical activation on the crystallization of glasses of the system SiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 -BaO-Al 2 O 3 is investigated. The ceramic-glasses are synthesized from silica and iron-rich Ferro-Titanium-Zirconiferous (FTZ) sands available in the state of Coahuila, Mexico. The parent glass is subjected to mechanical activation in a high-energy attrition mill during 4 or 8h. Then, both milled and non-milled glasses are subjected to a thermal crystallization treatment at temperatures of 900 or 1000oC during 2 or 5h. It is found that, in the case of the thermal treatment carried out at 900°C/5h, an increment in the time employed for both the mechanical activation and the crystallization treatment enhanced the crystallization of the parent glasses and produced an increase in the compressive strength of the synthesized glass-ceramics.


Objective
To study the effects of morphine on serum concentrations of cortisol (COR), adrenaline (ADR), noradrenaline (NAD) and dopamine (DOP) in premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation (MV).

Method
From January to November, 2017, premature infants (gestational age: 28~36 weeks and body weight: 1 000~2 499 g) admitted to neonatal department of our hospital and received mechanical ventilation were prospectively studied. The participants were randomly assigned into morphine group and control group. Modified neonatal pain assessment scale (NIPS) and Ramsay scores were calculated at the beginning of MV (before the administration of morphine) and at different time points after MV (2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the administration of morphine). Serum concentrations of COR, ADR, NAD and DOP were also measured at the beginning of MV and 24 h after MV/morphine. The scores and concentrations were compared between the two groups.

Result
A total of 60 infants were included, with 30 infants in each group. The modified NIPS and Ramsay scores and serum concentrations at the beginning of MV were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). The modified NIPS and Ramsay scores at 2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the initiation of MV were significantly lower in the morphine group comparing with the control group[2 h: (0.8±0.5) vs.(2.9±0.7), (0.9±0.6) vs.(2.3±0.6); 12 h: (1.1±0.6) vs.(2.8±0.8), (1.3±0.7) vs.(2.3±0.8); 24 h: (1.4±0.8) vs.(3.0±0.7), (1.6±0.6) vs.(2.4±0.8); 48 h: (1.3±0.7) vs.(2.7±0.9), (1.7±0.7) vs.(2.5±0.8)]. Furthermore, serum concentrations of COR, ADR, NAD and DOP at 24 h after MV were also significantly lower in the morphine group [COR: (165.4±25.0) nmol/L vs.(319.8±71.2) nmol/L, ADR: (30.3±4.5) ng/L vs.(45.4±4.3) ng/L, NAD: (138.0±16.5) ng/L vs.(230.5±26.1) ng/L, DOP: (43.6±7.2) ng/L vs.(86.3±10.0) ng/L, P<0.05].

Conclusion
Morphine is associated with lower serum concentration of catecholamine and lower NIPS scores during MV in premature infants.

Key words:
Ventilators, mechanical; Morphine; Catecholamines; Cortisol; Infant, premature


Abstract : A profile-ranking technique is developed that compares the contents and coverage of benefit programs, presented by various companies, in terms of their desirability to employees. A list of basic elements included in a benefit program is constructed and these elements are ranked by company representatives in order of importance to themselves and to their employees. An over-all, ideal fringe benefit profile can be itemized for the companies surveyed, giving management a clear, concise evaluation of the relative position of its fringe benefit program.


This brief essay outlines three benchmarks for evaluating alternative ways of taxing capital income, summarizes anticipatory, retroactive, and accrual-based proposals for reforming the taxation of derivatives, and offers guidelines for evaluating more limited reforms. It is intended as an introduction to key concepts, tensions, and ideas for reforming the taxation of financial instruments.


Active RF pulse compression relies on use of a component in the RF circuit that can be switched from one state to another in a time much shorter than the desired RF pulse width. This paper reviews work wherein (a) the switching is accomplished using rapidly-ionized plasma tubes to detune a resonator that forms one reflector for an energy storage cavity, and (b) the switching is accomplished by rapidly switching the dielectric constant of low-loss ferroelectric elements in an energy storage cavity. Recent experiments to produce >50 MW compressed rf pulses at 11.4 GHz using plasma switches are described, while recent designs for ferroelectric switches are also described. The latter may have the advantage of permitting more than one switching during a single RF input pulse, thus allowing the efficiency to be greater than that for a single switching.


The present invention relates to communication field, The voice call method, the sensing value of the distance his side detects whether less than a predetermined threshold value, if the sensed value of the distance is detected to be below a predetermined threshold, enters a predetermined call mode in a predetermined communication mode, to regenerate the audio signal of the counterpart automatically, when detecting an audio signal of the own side in a predetermined communication mode, and transmits to the other party collecting the audio signal of the own side. The present invention, ears user pressing operation to the terminal for the current, or when inconvenient to perform the click operation, the network intercom to solve the problem of not be able to use a smooth, user terminal only applying to the audio playback and voice collecting network intercom automatically can trigger an effect of the network intercom can be used without performing any other operation. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION


A new way of visualizing magnetostatic fields is presented with the aid of field surfaces. They are counterparts of the electric field lines. Their characteristic property is that the Lorentz forces are tangent to them. Moreover, they have their boundaries on electric currents.


Nanomaterials,due to their unique properties,are widely used for developing electrochemical biosensors with ultra high sensitivity and selectivity.This review summarizes the main functions of nanomaterials in the construction of electrochemical biosensing systems,and introduces recent research progress of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors.


Objective To investigate left ventricular systolic function before and after operation in atriel septal defect(ASD)patients by real-time three dimensional echocardiography.Methods Thirty-two samples of complete secundum ASD patients with complete closure or repair of ASD patients(ASD group,preoperative and postoperative)and thirty normal subjects served as the control.Real-time three dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE)was performed on all subjects to obtain and analyze parameters as follows:left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),Left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),Left ventricular stroke volume(LVSV),Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Results The LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV of the ASD patients before treatment were lower than that of the after treatment(P0.05),but LVEF had no significant difference(P0.05).After treatment the LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,LVEF had no significant difference between the ASD group and the NOR group(P0.05).Conclusions The volume of left ventricular in ASD patients decrease,but systolic function is normal.The volume of left ventricular in ASD patients are recoverd after treating.RT-3DE has an unique advantage in the evaluation of the left ventricular volume and systolic function.


Dynamic network visualization has been a challenging topic for dynamic networks analysis, especially for spatially embedded networks like brain networks. In this paper, we present an animated interactive visualization design that combines enhanced node-link diagrams and distance matrix layouts to assist neuroscientists in their exploration of dynamic brain networks and that enables them to understand how functional connections relate to the spatial structure of the brain. Our visualization also provides the ability to observe the evolution of a network, the change in the community identities, and node behavior over time.


To understand current situation in specific scenarios, valuable knowledge should be mined from both historical data and emerging new data. However, most existing algorithms take the historical data and the emerging data as a whole and periodically repeat to analyze all of them, which results in heavy computation overhead. It is also challenging to accurately discover new knowledge in time, because the emerging data are usually small compared to the historical data. To address these challenges, we propose a novel knowledge discovery algorithm based on double evolving frequent pattern trees that can trace the dynamically evolving data by an incremental sliding window. One tree is used to record frequent patterns from the historical data, and the other one records incremental frequent items. The structures of the double frequent pattern trees and their relationships are updated periodically according to the emerging data and a sliding window. New frequent patterns are mined from the incremental data and new knowledge can be obtained from pattern changes. Evaluations show that this algorithm can discover new knowledge from evolving data with good performance and high accuracy.


By what magic does a writer create a picture in a reader's eye? James, wanting to create "a state of hallucination" in the reader, imagined himself a conjuror. This essay examines how James achieved one of his most marvelous and improbable tricks: the revelation of Chad and Madame de Vionnet to Lambert Strether, as they appear to him boating in the countryside in The Ambassadors. My purpose, however, is not to dissuade or debunk James's magic but to praise the truth he allows us to envision. Contrived by all his arts, his trick is to reveal the falsehood of Chad and Madame de Vionnet, to lay bare their deception in a moment of truth, and thereby to give a moral fable, worthy of Hawthorne himself, about human deceit.


Considerable theoretical and experimental efforts have been devoted to the quench dynamics, in particular, the dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) and the steady-state transition. These developments have motivated us to study the quench dynamics of the topological systems, from which we find the connection between these two transitions, that is, the DQPT, accompanied by a nonanalytic behavior as a function of time, always merges into a steady-state transition signaled by the nonanalyticity of observables in the steady limit. As the characteristic time of the DQPT diverges, it exhibits universal scaling behavior, which is related to the scaling behavior at the corresponding steady-state transition.


Background: The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia reach 80%. The Javanese is the largest ethnic group in Indonesia, mostly from Central Java, East Java and Yogyakarta. The malocclusion severity of Javanese people in Mulyorejo with PAR index has not been researched yet. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the severity of malocclusion in Javanese people aged 7-12 in
Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Method: 79 samples of Javanese people aged 7-12, with the first permanent molar was fully erupted, no caries, and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. The measurement of malocclusion uses Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR index) to see the severity of malocclusion and molar relationship. Results The distribution of molar relationship of the total sample
consists of Neutroclusion = 75,9%, Distoclusion= 7,6% Mesioclusion = 1,3%, and End to end = 15,2%. Meanwhile the severity of malocclusion respectively 68,3% mild, 30,4% normal and 1,3% severe. There is no significant difference in the severity of dental malocclusion in early and late dentition phase. Conclusion: The mild severe has the biggest prevalence. Neutroclusion molar relationship is
the most often found in Javanese people aged 7-12 in Mulyorejo Surabaya.


Abstract The article provides a brief history of Indonesian cinema, mainly since independence from the Dutch in late 1949. It explores the establishment of traditions and major innovations in cinema in three periods: first, the 1950s post‐independence period in which Sukarno was President and Indonesia was a leader in the non‐aligned movement; second, the pro‐Western but politically repressive Suharto New Order period (1966–1998), in which a highly successful commercial cinema developed; and third, after a period of decline in the 1990s, the rebirth in the post‐Suharto Reformasi period of a smaller but vital Indonesian film industry with diverse independent work being produced in a more open society. The article outlines major films by innovative directors and explores an engagement with Islamic issues in the best of these films in a syncretic society with many surviving Hindu–Buddhist traditions.


The track finding and parameter estimation algorithm for the Zeus Central Tracking Detector (CTD) is presented. A flexible track finding strategy has been developed based on the extension towards the interaction point of seed tracks found in the outer layers of the CTD. Several seed finding techniques have been developed including a vector processor option. By using an appropriate combination of these techniques, a robust track finder is created which is suitable for the high intensity environment expected at the HERA collider. Kalman filtering is used in the track parameter estimation and track finding algorithms.


In video content such as feature films, the main themes and messages are often sufficiently conveyed through dialogue and narration. Here we propose a system for watching such videos at very high speed while ensuring that speech is still comprehensible. Specifically, we employ a purpose-built automatic speech detector to realize two-level fast-forwarding for a wide variety of video content: very fast during segments without speech, and understandably fast during segments with speech. In our experiments, practical performance was achieved by frame-by-frame audio classification using Gaussian mixture models trained on subtitle information from 120 commercial DVD movies. In addition, we used the Pogoplug service to implement a cloud-based prototype that incorporates our speech detector, which allows end users to watch videos at very high speed on a wide variety of devices such as PCs and smart phones. 1. はじめに 現代において我々個人が扱う可能性のある情報は飛躍 的に増加している.映像メディアについてもそれは例外で はない.Youtube には 1 分間で 600 本もの動画が投稿され ており,その総時間は 25 時間に及ぶと言われている[1]. 増大する情報に対応し個人の情報消費を支援するため, 映像を要約する技術はこれまでに多く研究されている [11][12].それらはニュースや監視カメラ映像,スポーツ映 像などの要約に対象を絞ったものが多い.これらの映像は 決まった繰り返し構造を持っていたり,背景映像の種類が 限定されていたりしており,ハイライトとそうでない箇所 の識別が比較的容易である.研究が盛んに進められた背景 には,このような理由があったことが挙げられるだろう. 本研究では,そのような特徴のない,映画のような映像 を対象にした情報の高速消費の支援を行う.娯楽のために 映画を見るのに,その高速消費にニーズがあるのかという 疑問が沸き起こるかもしれない.確かに与えられた余暇の 時間をリラックスするためだけに映画を見るのであれば, 高速消費は必要ないかもしれない.しかし,我々に与えら


HISTORICAL REVIEW Early in the history of surgery, when surgeons were more concerned with the closure of wounds than in their making, metal was being implanted in the tissues. Fabricius, 1 in 1647, wrote at length on the use of iron wire sutures, limiting their use, however, to the soft parts. Surviving the blind progress of the times, iron wire is again memorialized by Icart, 2 who in 1775 cut down on a fractured bone and approximated the ends by suture. Laloy 3 also relates the practice of wire suture by Flaubert of Rouen, and the literature of the period records various similar reports. It remained for Levert 4 to make the first deliberate inquiry into the method, and in 1829 he performed a rather extended series of experiments on dogs to determine the tolerance to metallic sutures, using gold, silver, lead and platinum. The last he found to be


The atomic structure of a clean (010) surface of the ordered binary alloy TiAl (with tetragonal bulk structure of the CuAu I type) is studied with quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (QLEED). Two different surface phases are found depending on the preparation procedure. After a cleaning step in vacuo by means of Ar-ion bombardments, anneals at 750−850°C produce a 2×1 surface and anneals at about 900° C produce a 1×1 surface. A QLEED intensity analysis of the 1×1 structure reveals the occurrence of chemical reconstruction, whereby the Ti atoms in the first layer exchange places with the Al atoms in the second layer. Thus, while any bulk (010) plane contains 50% Al and 50% Ti, the top atomic layer of a (010) surface contains 100% Al and the second atomic layer contains 100% Ti. Both layers are slightly buckled and the first interlayer distance is compressed about 7.1% while the second interlayer spacing is expanded about 7.4% with respect to the bulk value.


It's become blindingly obvious that companies wishing to thrive in the 21st century need to appoint more women to senior positions. That also means getting them into the boardroom.


general work: a viscous rubber is as easily applied to a horizontal as to a vertical surface, whereas the converse is not true of low-viscosity compounds; a viscous rubber can be applied in thicker layers than a more fluid one; finally, the viscosity can be easily lowered by dilution with locally obtained gasoline, but it cannot be increased. In the workshop a choice of silicone rubbers and diluents may be desirable. The RTV silicone rubbers have, at the present time, only two disadvantages. First, both manufacturers recommend that the compounds not be stored for periods over six months. This is, however, a conservative recommendation, for the samples I have used gave satisfactory results after much longer lives on the shelf, especially when they were held at low temperatures. The catalysts and thinners will keep indefinitely. Second, the RTV silicone rubbers are still rather expensive, ranging in price from $4.75 to $7.50 per pound in small quantities and somewhat less for larger purchases. Thus silicone squeezes now cost about 75 cents per square foot. It is quite certain that the price will fall as new applications are found and the production level rises. It is perhaps not naive to hope that price reductions will be encouraged by the competition between two major companies for future markets. There is no question that squeezes made from RTV silicone rubber have all the advantages and none of the disadvantages of those made with natural rubber latex. Their superiority in reproducing detail, and especially their indifference to time even under adverse storage conditions support the expectation that they will become a useful tool in classical


We establish a master-slave oligopoly game model with an upstream monopoly whose output is considered and two downstream oligopolies whose prices are considered. The existence and the local stable region of the Nash equilibrium point are investigated. The complex dynamic properties, such as bifurcation and chaos, are analyzed using bifurcation diagrams, the largest Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and the strange attractor graph. We further analyze the long-run average profit of the three firms and find that they are all optimal in the stable region. In addition, delay feedback control method and limiter control method are used in nondelayed model to control chaos. Furthermore, a delayed master-slave oligopoly game model is considered, and the three firms' profit in various conditions is analyzed. We find that suitable delayed parameters are important for eliminating chaos and maximizing the profit of the players.


Bulk vacuum-gas packs of broilers were examined microbiologically and organoleptically in tests to determine effects of storage temperature, film permeability, carbon dioxide level and vacuum level on acceptability and shelf-life of fresh-processed poultry. Total aerobic bacterial counts and off-odor development were determined after 5–18 days of storage in bulk packs and again after 2–7 more days of storage in a retail case. Significantly lower microbial counts and extended shelf-life were found when storage was at 2°C instead of 5°C, after 12 days storage when low permeable packaging film was used instead of high permeable film and after 15 days of storage when 65% CO2 was used instead of 20% CO2. No significant difference in microbial counts was found when a pinhole was made to simulate leaking or torn bulk packs. Gram stains of bacteria from total plate counts and type of off-odor observed indicate spoilage of vacuum-gas packaged broilers was caused by different bacteria than spoilage of ice-packed broilers.


This paper presents a modelling-led approach to low carbon innovative housing, including a new build and five retrofits located in Wales. The research aims to investigate the implementation of combinations of existing and emerging low carbon technologies through a systems based approach to optimise the use of energy at the point of generation. A performance prediction model has been developed to examine the effectiveness of different strategies in relation to energy and carbon reduction. Simulation results for the new build show the potential to limit energy imported from the grid to about 25% with an annual export to import ratio of 1.55, providing an energy positive performance. For the retrofit properties, the application of Photovoltaics (PV) and LED lighting can reduce the total electricity demand from the grid by up to 90%, and the combination of reduced energy demand, renewable energy supply and battery storage has been shown to reduce net carbon emissions by up to 110%, with total financial savings of 90%-190% through reduced operating energy cost and earnings from renewable energy generation and export. Gas heating energy for the retrofits has been reduced by 20% to 80%. The new build 'energy positive', and retrofit 'nearly-zero energy', performances can be achieved through an integrative 'systems' based approach. This includes attention to affordability and replicability. A grid connection is still needed to balance across seasonal demand and renewable supply, however, the pressure on the grid to provide energy is reduced.


A nation can only be developed if its women are given ample opportunities. Developing entrepreneurship among women will be right approach for women empowerment. This would enhance their socio-economic status. Once a woman feels that she is economically strong, she will feel equal to man in all respect. This is perhaps' the need of the hour.


From the earliest moments of recorded human consciousness, the ethical discipline has exhibited four fundamental "approaches" These four approaches are often called "ethical decision-making frameworks:" Utilitarian Ethics (outcome based), Deontological Ethics (duty based), Virtue Ethics (virtue based) and Communitarian Ethics (community based). Each has a distinctive point of departure as well as distinctive ways of doing the fundamental ethical task of raising and answering questions of value. It is also important to understand that all four approaches have both overlaps and common elements.


We read with great interest the paper by Hart et al,[1][1] recently published in Respiratory Care, regarding the impact of playing the harmonica on outcomes for people with COPD. As part of the FRESH AIR project,[2][2] we have been developing and delivering pulmonary rehabilitation programs in the


............................................................................................................................ 38 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 38 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................................... 40 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................................................................... 46 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................... 60 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 61 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT OF S. AUREUS INDUCED BONE INFECTIONS USING VANCOMYCIN MICROSPHERE/CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COMPOSITES......................... 67 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................. 68 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 69 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................................... 71 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................................... 78 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 95 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 95 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 96............................................................................................................................ 68 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 69 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................................... 71 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................................... 78 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 95 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 95 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 96 CHAPTER 5 BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDY FROM CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COMPOSITES USING AN EX-VIVO MODEL OF HUMAN TRABECULAR BONE CORES... 100 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... 10


For applying case-basedreasoning to design, adaptation and combination are essential. They require adaptation knowledge defining the parts of a case that can be changed without compromising its function. We have investigated model-based interpretations for providing this knowledge. An interpretation is a functional model given by the user to explain the structure given by a case. It defines the intended functions and provides constraints on the structure which avoid violating them. Since the interpretation may be different from that used in the design of the case, creative reuse of cases is also possible. This paper reports on the results of this investigation with two case-based design programs: FAMING for mechanism part shapes and CADRE for buildings.


Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising materials as active channels for flexible transistors owing to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, flexible SWCNT transistors have never been realized on paper substrates, which are widely used, inexpensive, and recyclable. In this study, we fabricated SWCNT thin-film transistors on photo paper substrates. The devices exhibited a high on/off current ratio of more than 106 and a field-effect mobility of approximately 3 cm2/V·s. The proof-of-concept demonstration indicates that SWCNT transistors on flexible paper substrates could be applied as low-cost and recyclable flexible electronics.


The present invention provides a puffed food impregnated, which is to be impregnated were impregnated oleaginous snack food processing material covers puffed snack made with a saccharide formed by the surface layer. The impregnation puffed food has both a "crisp" and hard palate and greasy taste like dessert from the dissolution of novel taste.


Abstract : In a study to determine whether group competition is effective in improving motivation in technical training, two experimental classes were divided into four groups each, equal in size and mean aptitude. Each group competed with each of the other groups during successive two-week intervals. The winner in each pairing was the group that failed the smallest percentage of regularly scheduled school examinations during the period. Low-cost and recognition-type rewards were presented to members of winning groups. Peer ratings and an attitude questionnaire were administered before the first examination, and again after four weeks. The peer rating on desire to succeed and the questionnaire, both presumably measuring motivation, seemed to be valid predictors of success. Group competition did appear to be an effective means of improving academic performance of the lower aptitude men. The competition grouping was found to influence friendship choices on the peer ratings. (Author)


The article considers the problem of introducing innovative processes in social welfare institutions, listing the factors which influence the level of activity of their top administrators. We present the outcomes of two opinion polls taken at social welfare institutions of Moscow and Moscow Oblast in 2010 and 2013-2014 (total number of respondents 100). The outcomes of the first poll showed that the majority of top administrators prefer traditional approaches and are unaware of the importance of updating their administrative activities. The second poll revealed that the majority of respondents have a low need for creativity in solving the arising problems, and their motivation for introducing innovations in administrative activity is low as well. Among the factors mentioned as inhibiting the introduction of innovations are the lack of finance for innovation; rigid organizational structures; excessive centralization; authoritative management style; resistance to change; need for a new job search; reorganization of habitual ways of activity, etc. The authors have developed an innovation activization model for administrators at social welfare institutions, available for all three levels of administration: regional (federal), municipal and institutional. The model includes 6 modules: information and communication; experiment and technology; motivation; finances and economy; organization and personnel; and sociology. The authors plan to pilot this model in the regions of Russia in 2015-2016. Following the results of our study, we have developed practical recommendations on how to enhance innovation for top administrators at social welfare institutions. Some of these may be of special interest, such as organizing a "Social Innovator of the Year" competition, which can become a real motivational factor for social welfare professionals; publishing the "Innovations in Social Sphere Abroad" bulletin; and introduction of "Innovative Activity Establishment of the Social Sphere" as a state statistics indicator.


The present invention relates to a device (10) for packaging and dispensing a product under pressure comprising at least one container (20) of longitudinal axis X containing the product, the container being surmounted by a valve and a head distribution (30) to actuate the valve and allow the exit of the product via at least one dispensing orifice (55), the dispensing head comprising a first portion (40) fixed axially relative to the container and a second portion (50) movable relative to the first about an axis, for actuating the valve, the device further comprising a drain member (60) adapted to assume a position in which the valve is held in the actuating position, the body emptying, in this emptying position, comprising a first part (61) resting on the second movable portion of the dispensing head, and a second portion (62) abutting the first portion of the head distr ibution so as to oppose the return of the second movable portion of the dispensing head.


Urethane (1.5 g/kg) anesthetized male Sprague‐Dawley albino rats were affixed with a head bolt and a burr hole placed over the temporal cortex and wound edges infiltrated with lidocaine before being placed in an electrically shielded, sound attenuating chamber. Tone bursts were generated with a software controlled M308 stimulus generator and 300 stimulus control module (Modular Instruments, Inc.) and sent via a secondary amplifier to a Realistic 40‐1377 loudspeaker. Sound‐pressure levels were determined with a calibrated 14‐in. B & K 4135 condensor microphone. Single unit activity was recorded via the center barrel (4M NaCl) of glass multi‐pipette. Drug barrels contained acetylcholine chloride (0.5M, pH 4.5), atropine sulfate (0.02M, pH 5.0), and glutamic acid (monosodium salt, 0.2M, pH 8.0). Sixty‐six percent (n = 21) of units characterized demonstrated an atropine sensitive Ach facilitated response to near best frequency tone bursts. An atropine insensitive Ach induced response decline was noted in 13% ...


Is has developed a plan of Safety and Risk Manageme nt for the Aquatic Park "Los Elenes" from Guano County, in order to reduce the factors that c reate uncertainty for workers and users of the installations. The Technical and Legal accomplishment based on Res olution C.D. 333 Regulations for the audit system work risk "SART", allows a diagnosis o f the situation of the risk, that served us as the basis for identifying the sections, areas and s ervice stations where running evaluations supported with the method triple criterion (Probabi lity, Severity and Vulnerability) and finally its estimation using matrix model IESS Ecuador. By checklist Legal Standard General Insurance Risk is determined that at Aquatic Park "Los Elenes ", there is a 100% of breach on the requirements at the time of the evaluation, so it i s not ready to face an audit by the General Security Directorate of Occupation Risks. Furthermo re, we have identified a 46% of important risks, 31% of moderate risks and a 23% of intolerab l risks, being identified the mechanical risks in a large number of activities, having a 26% of the total. The proposed remedial plan of risks guides Guano De centralized Autonomous Government, to a new path of continuous process improvement and qual ity.


Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) prediction has important reference significance for the accuracy of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) based global positioning system, satellite co...


] In partner schools, the issue that arises is the decreased active participation of students in completing assigned tasks online. So far, the commonly used application by teachers is Google Forms. However, the use of this application tends to be uninteresting and monotonous. Therefore, the objective of this Community Service activity is to enhance the competence of teachers through training in creating online quizzes using Typeform and Proprofs. The methods employed in this activity include question and answer sessions, lectures, and demonstrations. The Community Service activity consists of three stages: observation, problem-solving, and evaluation. Based on the outcomes of the service activity, the teachers' ability to create online quizzes using Typeform and Proprofs improved by 100%. Novice teachers who were unfamiliar with or had never used Typeform and Proprofs were able to easily create and publish their quizzes on Google Classroom. The involvement of tutors in each group greatly aided the teachers in practicing the creation of quizzes using Typeform and Proprofs. The participants showed great enthusiasm in attending the training and expressed their hope for the continuation of such training with topics relevant to their needs as teachers.


Resist minimization techniques have been around since the mid-1990s. As the volume decreases, the accuracy of the systems must increase. These inaccuracies can negate any savings that could potentially be acquired due to rework or even scrap. This has become a problem for older factories with pumps that are not accurate below 2.0ml. In order to help with these issues, Integrated Designs has created the digital dispense valve. This mechanical addition can prolong the life of a pump and saving the costly pump replacement scenario. The digital dispense valve increases the accuracy at lower dispense volumes and give more repeatable suckback control than was previously available for this generation of pump systems.


The aim of this paper is to settle a question about the tight closure of Ž 2 2 2 . w x Ž 3 3 3. the ideal x , y , z in the ring R s K X, Y, Z r X q Y q Z where Ž K is a field of prime characteristic p / 3. Lower case letters denote the . images of the corresponding variables. M. McDermott has studied the tight closure of various irreducible ideals in R and has established that Ž 2 2 2 . w x xyz g x , y , z * when p 200, see Mc . The general case however existed as a classic example of the difficulty involved in tight closure w x Ž 2 2 2 . computations, see also Hu, Example 1.2 . We show that xyz g x , y , z * in arbitrary prime characteristic p, and furthermore establish that xyz g Ž 2 2 2 .F x , y , z whenever R is not F-pure, i.e., when p ' 2 mod 3. We move on to generalize these results to the diagonal hypersurfaces R s w x Ž n n. K X , . . . , X r X q ??? qX . 1 n 1 n These issues relate to the question whether the tight closure I* of an ideal I agrees with its plus closure, Iqs IRql R, where R is a domain over a field of characteristic p and Rq is the integral closure of R in an algebraic closure of its fraction field. In this setting, we may think of the Frobenius closure of I as I F s IR l R where R is the extension of R obtained by adjoining pth roots of all nonzero elements of R for e g N. It is not difficult to see that Iq: I*, and equality in general is a formidable open question. It should be mentioned that in the case when I is an ideal generated by part of a system of parameters, the equality is a result


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a cross-arranged multislope-assisted chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (MSA-CBOCDA) to achieve a large-range dynamic strain measurement. Based on the broadband chaotic Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), the cross-arranged MSA model is first constructed, whose high measurement accuracy and slope utilization rate (SUR) are further verified in simulation. The dynamic strain with a range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4780~\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is finally realized in the experiment, where the standard deviation is around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$23.8~\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The range of dynamic strain is enlarged fourfold than the previous slope-assisted (SA) CBOCDA with a virtually identical accuracy.


The national compensation system provides crucial economic support for eco-environment construction and protection in western China. However, this compensation is only policy and is not safeguarded by any legal mechanism. Also, it is not integrated with a social compensation system, so it is hard to ensure that sustainable development results from the eco-environment construction and protection. The benefit of eco-environment construction and protection do not always materialize. Resolution of existing issues concerning the sources of compensation funds and the criteria and forms of compensation for the eco-environmental construction and protection in the western China are explored through consideration of the establishment and operation of the law and institutions of the national compensation system. Forms of social compensation systems for eco-environmental construction and protection are also discussed.


To observe the effects of telmisartan on the expression of glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP94) and C/EBP-homologous protein(CHOP) and the vascular changes in the thickness of the middle,48 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(control group),model group and the telmisartan group.The rats in model group received abdominal TAC,The rats in telmisartan group received abdominal TAC and give 1.5 mg/kg daily telmisartan.Six weeks later,the MBP and HR were measured through carotid artery incubation,the aortic media thickness was measured by image analyses software.The expression of GRP94 and CHOP in the vascular smooth muscle cells were examined by western-blot and immunohistochemistry.It is resulted that: ①The MAP of model group rats was significantly higher than the corresponding control group and the telmisartan group rats,there was statistically significant(P0.05);②The expression of GRP94 and CHOP of model group rats were significantly higher than the corresponding control group and the telmisartan group rats,there was statistically significant(P0.05);③The aortic media thickness of model group rats were significantly thicker than the corresponding control group and the telmisartan group rats,there was statistically significant(P0.05).It is conclusied that: high blood pressure results from abdominal aortic stenosis can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress response of vascular smooth muscle cell.Telmisartan may exerts an protective effect on vascular smooth muscle cell by inhibiting the endoplasmic retieulum stress via down-regulating the expression of GRP94 and CHOP.


In 19 general practices, blood samples were obtained from 361 patients aged 12 years or older with chronic nasal symptoms. The Phadiatop test and a panel of RASTs to common inhalant allergens were performed on all sera with the recently introduced Pharmacia CAP system. The RAST panel was accepted as the standard. The sensitivity of the Phadiatop was 94% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89–97%), the specificity 98% (95% CI: 95–99%), the positive predictive value 97% (95% CI: 94–99%), and the negative predictive value 95% (95% CI: 91–98%). It is noteworthy that these values are very similar to those found in hospital outpatient departments. It was possible to reduce further the small percentage of false outcomes by replacing the cutoff point of the Phadiatop ratio of 1.00 by the two cutoff points 0.75 and 1.15. This resulted in three possible outcomes: a highly predictive positive outcome, a highly predictive negative outcome, and an "inconclusive" outcome. Alternatively, the cutoff point of 1.00 may be maintained while attaching the annotation "borderline" to all positive or negative Phadiatop outcomes where the Phadiatop ratio is between 0.75 and 1.15. By this simple method, physicians are alerted to the possibility of a false outcome; on the basis of the case history and other clinical findings, they can then decide whether further testing should be done.


In 2018–2020 in the industry laboratory of introduction and technology of non-traditional berry plants of the Central
Botanical Garden of National Academy of Science of Belarus the studies were conducted. The regenerative ability of large-fruit
cranberry stem cuttings was assessed. The results of the experiments showed that rooting of cuttings decreases after
storing the planting material and that it is better to plant them freshly harvested. But if necessary, the planting material can be
stored up to two months. Plants formed from cuttings harvested from erect shoots are characterized by a higher shoot-forming
ability, while plants grown from procumbent shoots give a greater linear growth. Planting the basal part of large-fruited
cranberry cuttings in the substrate contributes to the plants formation with higher biometric indicators, compared with the
cuttings planted with apex in the substrate.


In the present grain-handling scenario, grain type and quality are identified manually by visual inspection which is tedious and not accurate. There is need for the growth of fast, accurate and objective system for quality determination of food grains. An automated system is introduced which is used for grain type identification and analysis of rice quality (i.e. Basmati, Boiled and Delhi) and grade (i.e. grade 1, grade 2, and grade3) using Probabilistic Neural Network. This paper proposes a model that uses color and geometrical features as attributes for classification. The grading of rice sample is done according to the size of the grain kernel and presence of impurities. A good classification accuracy is achieved using only 6 features, i.e. mean of RGB colors and 3 geometrical features. The total success rate of type identification is 98% and total success rate of quality analysis and grading of rice is 90% and 92% respectively.


This paper analyzes the content of the net version (2004- 2008)of"Renmin Daily","Beijing Evening News","Jinghua Time"reported on International Women's Day and Chongyang Festival (Seniors' Day in China) and explores the characteristics, the problems, and the achievements of the news about the aged in the three newspapers. It points out that owing to the lack of sensitivity to the age stratification and the lack of social perspective to gender, the amount of news about the aged in the three newspapers is insufficient; its layout needs improving; the related report is not enough; and the selection of reporting objects is not balanced in gender. The paper also discusses the strategies of news dissemination concerning the aged.


Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals and companies to connect directly and regularly with an audience of peers or with the public at large. These websites combine the audience-building platforms of mass media with the personal data and relationships of inperson social networks. Due to a combination of evolving user activity and frequent updates to functionality and user features, social media tools blur the line of whether a speaker is perceived as speaking to a specific and presumed private audience, a public expression of one's own personal views, or a representative viewpoint of an entire institution. However, the intent of the speaker is frequently lost to the wide and diverse breadth of social media audiences or obscured due to the * Raizel Liebler: Affiliate Scholar, Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; Head of Faculty Scholarship Initiatives, John Marshall Law School. Keidra Chaney, Editor: The Learned Fangirl and JSTOR Daily. The authors thank all of the many commenters who have helped to shape this article from earlier iterations, including participants at Media in Transition 7 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Law and Society Association Annual Meeting (2011), the Second Annual Internet Works in Progress Symposium, the Intellectual Property Scholars Roundtable at Drake University (2012), the Works in Progress Intellectual Property Colloquium (2013), and Media in Transition 8 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We especially want to thank Pace Law School for hosting the Social Justice and Social Media symposium and the students who planned and hosted the conference. We thank Young-Joo Ashley Ahn, Kimberly Regan, Fang Han, Jordan Franklin Huff, Desi Cade Lance, and Gregory Cunningham for their assistance. All opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be attributed to former, present, or future employers or affiliations.


For a positron with wave number k, the rate of annihilation when scattered by an atom or molecule is proportional to Z{sub eff}(k), the effective number of electrons in the target that are available to the positron for annihilation. There is currently great interest in the very large positron annihilation rates, and hence values of Z{sub eff}(k), that have been observed in low-energy positron scattering by some molecules. These are observed experimentally to occur at energies just below the energies of excited vibrational states of the molecule concerned. This has been explained by Gribakin [Phys. Rev. A 61, 022720 (2000)] and Gribakin and Lee [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 193201 (2006)] as being due to Feshbach resonances involving excited quasibound vibrational states. These treatments make skilful use of approximate methods. It is of interest to determine how the expression obtained for the resonant contribution to Z{sub eff}(k) from a quasibound state using a very accurate method is related to the expressions obtained in the previously mentioned articles. In view of this, in this article I carry out a detailed ab initio theoretical treatment of positron scattering by H{sub 2} using the Kohn variational method. H{sub 2} is the simplest molecule, whichmore » makes it easier to take into account all the interactions involved. However, a positron does not form a bound state with H{sub 2}. To investigate resonant behavior in Z{sub eff}(k), I increase the mass m{sub p} of the positron so that it forms a weakly bound state with H{sub 2}. This gives rise to excited quasibound vibrational states. The expression I obtain for the resonant contribution to Z{sub eff}(k) has some similarity with the expressions obtained by Gribakin and Lee. This gives some support to their explanation of the very large values of Z{sub eff}(k). However, they make no explicit mention of corrections to the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. These play a key role in my treatment as they couple the quasibound states to the continuum. I am able to show how the BO corrections are taken into account implicitly in calculating the expressions obtained by Gribakin and Lee. The most important difference between my treatment and their treatments is that in my treatment Z{sub eff}(k) may be infinite at the resonant energy, whereas in the other treatments it is likely to be large, but can never be infinite. Further investigation is necessary to determine the origin of this infinity in my treatment. My treatment could be applied to positron scattering by molecules such as methyl halides in which very high Z{sub eff}(k) values are observed, though using the Kohn variational method would be considerably more complicated than in the case of H{sub 2}.« less


of the two dukes for a very high ransom, Abraham interceded effectively on behalf of the Diophysites as well as of the Monophysites who were living in Mundhir's jurisdiction. These successes alone would have given Abraham's mission a respectable place in the history of ByzantineLakhmid relations; but a new and unexpected development gave that mission a wider significance. During the Conference, an envoy arrived from South Arabia dispatched by the newly established Jewish ruler Masrfiq, announcing the massacre of the Christians of Najrin and asking Mundhir and the Persian king to do likewise to the Christian communities in their realms. The arrival of the South Arabian envoy obscured the ByzantineLakhmid phase of the Conference and opened a new phase which involved Byzantium in the world of the Red Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, and the EthiopicHjimyaritic conflict. This involvement culminated in the contribution of a fleet


Abstract : The author examines the impact that rapid modernization has had on Frontal Aviation employment. The report includes Soviet views on basic principles of organization, command and control, and the manner of executing the four basic missions: air defense cover, aerial reconnaissance, air escort, and ground support. The author concludes that the process of rapid modernization has created certain employment problems, particularly in air-ground coordination and airspace management. Frontal Aviation is still seeking to resolve these problems--attempting to match personnel capabilities to those of the equipment.


Ever since its appearance in France,VAT has undergone nearly half a century and it has become a main kind of tax in the absolute majority of countries in the world.Throughout the analysis of the VAT appearance and application in Europe and by combining China's application,this article puts forward countermeasures for further improvement of China's VAT system.


Movement of reef fishes has important consequences for the demography, spatial structure, and connectivity of their populations and their conservation and management. I synthesized and analyzed the...


Dry air injection combats corrosion under insulation by removing the electrolyte through evaporation. This low-cost system can be installed without removing existing insulation, and its progress may be monitored by sampling at vents. Invasion of insulation and vapor harrier violation are minimized, and water-soaked insulation can be recovered and returned to near-new R-value (the messurement of thermal resistance).


The complex relationships between the microstructure of the mixed ionic-electronic conductor La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC) and the electrode performance have been investigated on a quantitative level. Symmetric half cells and single cells with various LSC microstructures were synthesized using series of raw cathode powders with different particle size distributions. The dual beam FIB-SEM method was used to perform a 3-D analysis of microstructure to obtain quantitative data such as the surface area, volume fractions, pore size distribution, triple phase boundary length and tortuosity factor. Microstructural data were correlated with data from the ac impedance spectroscopy and the cyclic voltammetry measurement. The impedance responses at different electrode potentials of the half cell and the single cell setups were analyzed by using the equivalent circuit modeling method. The characteristic time constants for the cathode and anode processes obtained from the single cell setup are very similar and the exact separation of the anode and cathode processes characteristics is complicated. Because of that most of the impedance analyze have been done for data accrued from the half cell measurements. It was found that for symmetrical half cell configuration the LSC microstructure, especially the surface area, influences drastically the electrode polarization resistance. The power density was also noticeably affected by the cathode microstructure of the anode supported single cells. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.037311jes] All rights reserved.


The invention discloses a pastry nozzle fixing ring. The pastry nozzle fixing ring comprises a circular fixing ring body formed by connecting two semicircle parts end to end, wherein one end of one semicircle part and one end of the other semicircle part are in shaft rotating connection, and the other ends of the two semicircle parts are detachably connected and can be opened and closed; a clamping ring is arranged on the inner side of the fixing ring body. The pastry nozzle fixing ring is simple in structure, reasonable in design, low in cost and convenient to use; during use, the detachable end of the fixing ring is opened, the clamping ring is nested to a convex ring at the rear end of a pastry nozzle, the fixing ring is closed, accordingly, a pastry bag is fixed and clamped, and the problem that the pastry nozzle easily falls off from the pastry bag during use is effectively solved.


This study is concerned with the temporal changes in the levels of zinc and cadmium in the sediments of Nozha Hydrodrome during the past 100 years. Seven sediment core samples, covering the study area, were collected from the bottom of the Hydrodrome. A five-step sequential extraction technique was applied to determine the solid phase concentrations of zinc and cadmium. Zinc gives an idea of the quantities of sewage effluents, while cadmium providesan indication of the amounts of agricultural discharges. The vertical distribution curves show that the average total concentrations of zinc in the sediments increased at a rate of 2.5 µg g 1 y 1 from 1900 to 1950 and at 1.5 µg g 1 y 1 from 1950 to 1990. Since 1990 the zinc concentration in Nozha Hydrodrome sediments has been decreasing at 1.5 µg g 1 y 1 . The average total cadmium concentration exhibits a different vertical distribution pattern: it increased at a rate of 0.42 µg g 1 y 1 from 1900 to 1950, after which it became constant from 1950 to 1970. Since 1970 it has been increasing at 0.53 µg g 1 y 1 . The ongoing increase in cadmium concentrations in the sediments is due to the increase in agricultural discharges into the Hydrodrome, especially as significant amounts of phosphate fertilizers are used to nourish the soil around the Hydrodrome. The rise in cadmium concentrations since 1900 has been accompanied by a similar increase in zinc concentrations with time resulting from


Superficially there are many parallels between the Chilembwe Rising of 1915 in Nyasaland and the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland – both were anti-colonial rebellions against British rule. One interesting difference, however, occurs in the way academics have treated John Chilembwe, leader of the Nyasaland Rising, and Patrick Pearse, one of the leaders of the Irish Rising and the man who was proclaimed head of state of the Provisional government of Ireland. For while much research on Pearse has dealt with his religious ideas, comparatively little on Chilembwe has looked in detail at his religious motivation – even though he was the leader of an independent church. This paper begins by looking at some of the major strands in the religious thinking of Pearse, before going on to concentrate on the people and ideas which influenced Chilembwe both in Nyasaland and the United States. It argues that while many of these ideas were initially influenced by radical evangelical thought in the area of racial injustice,...


The teacher's role in the society, is essential. As a trainer and a personal model, the teacher sets the tone for a strong community. The image of the teacher is reflected in social consciousness and it is correlated with the attractiveness of the profession. In our research, through two studies, we plan to analyze how the social representation of teachers coincides with their self-perceived image in the discharge of professional duties, and the attractiveness of the teaching profession among high school students' final grades. The results allow us to say that, unfortunately, between social representation of teachers in society, with reference to the discharge of professional duties and their self-perceived image, there are big differences.


This study described and examined Human Resource Management practices on inclusive employment for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines. There were 38 randomly selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines which participated in the study. Meanwhile, this study utilized descriptive correlational research. Survey-questionnaire and unstructured interviews were used as the main and secondary research tools of the study. Results revealed that Human Resource Management practices in the employment of Persons with Disabilities among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines offered wide employment opportunities for PWDs. They were compensated equally based on the nature and accomplishments of their work. Hence, they were selected and recruited based on their potentials and skills while emphasizing the prevailing policies on inclusivity and equal work opportunities. Thus, NGOs provided efficient training and development programs towards professional development of PWDs as employees. Further, HR officer implemented policies and regulations that maintained and protected the health and safety status of the PWDs. In addition, productivity was seen as the most advantageous aspect of PWDs in the performance of their work while adjustment to workplace became the most disadvantageous aspect encountered by Human Resource Officers to their PWDs employees.


We have discussed this point a lot (internally and with the editor), and believe that this inconsistent but clearly defined description of the resolution of the instruments in this paper is the best compromise between clarity and the different definitions of resolution that have been used for these instruments in the past. There is an extensive body of literature surrounding the ACE-FTS (and PARIS-IR) with the resolution defined as 0.02 cm-1 (0.5/MOPD), and we believe that quoting a different resolution for these instruments in this paper from that quoted in all other documents would cause more confusion than the internal consistency in the paper. Likewise, considerable documentation exists for the higher resolution instruments using either a 1/MOPD or 0.9/MOPD definition.


We review the basic principles of the femtosecond laser direct writing approach. This technology opens the possibility to specifically tune the light evolution in the linear as well as in the nonlinear regime.


The importance of education and the educational structure of the population to overall socio-economic development has set their inclusion as structure-item in the Human Development Index used in the United Nations Development Programme. Quality education is one of the main prerequisites for the development of each society. Amid general negative quantitative and qualitative changes in our population keeps some positive trends relating to its educational level. Raising the education of the population of Bulgaria in XX century remains a trend at the beginning of the present century.