Since 1950's there has been a growing interest of understanding the effects of cosmic ray radiation on the increase in average global temperature. Recent studies showed that galactic cosmic rays play a significant role in the formation of low cloud coverage and its consequent impact on the global temperature variation of the earth. A long-term measurement of the cosmic ray flux distribution at the surface of the earth has been established at Georgia State University. The current effort is focused on understanding the correlations between the cosmic ray particle flux distribution and the atmospheric and space weather measurements. In order to understand the observed atmospheric effects on cosmic ray flux, numerical simulations of cosmic muon and neutron flux variations at the surface of the earth have been carried out with varying air densities in the troposphere and stratosphere based on the Geant4 package. The simulation results show a remarkably good agreement with observations. The simulation results also show that the stratosphere air density variation dominates the effects on the muon flux changes while the density variation in the troposphere mainly influences the neutron count variation. This suggests that the long-term variation of muon flux could possibly direct us to a new path to understand the global climate warming trend. INDEX WORDS: Cosmic rays, Global warming, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Geant4 CORRELATION STUDIES OF COSMIC RAY FLUX AND ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE WEATHER


Traffic flow forecasting is of great importance for traffic safety, energy conservation and protection of the environment. Nonetheless, making reliable assumptions about traffic volumes is a difficult problem in the face of many external uncertainties. Many previous types of research only explore the usefulness of a single factor in their prediction and do multi-factor research rarely. As for the prediction of traffic flow, many past types of research focus primarily on the temporal distribution of traffic flow at a single point on the road, ignoring the correlation between spaces. As regards global forecasting, the mechanical view of traffic as images was logically far-fetched. Given the effects of several exogenous variables and the interaction between monitor locations, we are proposing a hybrid model to simultaneously predict traffic flow in multiple positions by combining the layer-wise structure with the Markov transition matrix (MTM). Specifically, we use the layer wise structure to capture traffic flow's periodicity, pattern, and nonlinearity characteristics and then generate the MTM that captures the dynamics expressed in the data and generates the corresponding distributions. We apply the methodology on the traffic data, and the experiment tal results show that we can achieve satisfactory predictions using our model, which shows the value of the transition matrix in traffic forecasts. We also introduce the point of interest and analyze its impact on the results of forecasts. Keywords-Markov transition matrix (MTM), traffic, Xiamen INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS), TOPIC-ENHANCED GAUSSIAN PROCESS AGGREGATION MODEL (TEGPAM)


The group of 7 strains of facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli (FHL) of the non starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) isolated from semi-hard cheeses using a well agar diffusion assay possessed a different level of inhibition activity against 16 different strains of Clostridium sp. belonging to the species Cl. butyricum, Cl. tyrobutyricum, Cl. beijerinckii, and Cl. sporogenes. Two selected strains with the production of partially indentified anticlostridially active inhibitory substances, Lb. paracasei ST68 (producing hydrogen peroxide) and Lb. paracasei 171R2 (producing bacteriocin and hydrogen peroxide), were tested for the inhibition activity against gas producing Cl. butyricum 10702 and Cl. tyrobutyricum 184 in cheese slurry. The effects of both strains were different in reducing the numbers of gas producing Cl. butyricum 10702 by > 3 log cycles and Cl. tyrobutyricum 184 by > 1 log cycles in cheese slurry during the tested storage periods of 24 days at 13°C. The Cl. tyrobutyricum strains isolated from spoiled cheese were identified by species-specific PCR for Cl. tyrobutyricum.


Abstract Two phenetic complexes are recognized among the small (usually less than 46 mm SL), semitranslucent, red species of the subgenus Apogon lacking stripes, bars, or black edges on scales on body sides, with six spines in first part of dorsal fin and one spine and 8–9 (almost always 9) rays in second part, two anal fin spines and 7–8 (almost always 8) rays, 12–15 pectoral fin rays, and a total of 16 or fewer gillrakers. The Apogon coccineus complex has one large full scale, and often one small scale, between the lateral line and the third spine of the first part of the dorsal fin and a free edge of skin near the anterior nasal opening. Members of the Apogon erythrinus complex have two large full scales, and often a small scale, between the lateral line and dorsal fin and no free edge of skin near the anterior nasal opening. Four species are recognized in the A. erythrinus complex: A. erythrinus, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and Johnson Island; Apogon marquesensis n. sp., endemic to the Marquesas Islands; Apogon indicus n. sp., ranging from the Indian (where it is the only member present) to the Pacific oceans; and Apogon susanae n. sp., restricted to the Pacific Ocean.


Please, cite this publication as: Kravcik, M. & Gasevic, D. (2006). Knowledge Representation for Adaptive Learning Design. Proceedings of Adaptive Hypermedia. June, Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved June 30th, 2006, from http://dspace.learningnetworks.org


The purpose of this investigation was to determine if maximum articulatory rate of children with articulatory disorders differed significantly from that of normal‐speaking peers. If differences exist between groups, then additional research is indicated to determine whether improving maximum articulatory rate will result in more acceptable articulation.


Production of wine from sources other than grapes encourages wine makers as much as
availability of different styles of wine. Pawpaw (Carica papaya ) is a tropical fruit commonly known for
its nutritional and phytochemical values.Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) is a high-yielding, readilyavailable tuber which has lots of dietary and medicinal values. In this study, wine was produced from
different blends of juice from grape (Vitis vinifera) fruit, pawpaw fruit and tiger nut tubers; and the
quality of the wine evaluated. Healthy fruits and tiger nut obtained from a market in Ebonyi State,
Nigeria were washed with clean water and ground with an electric blender until a homogenous pulp was
obtained. Water (100cm3
) was added to equal amount of each pulp and the mixture was filtered using a
muslin cloth to obtain the juice. A solution of sugar in water (200g in 70cm3
), 0.90g of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, ammonium phosphate (0.60g) and potassium phosphate (0.60g) were added and the mixture
was allowed to ferment for 6 days (primary fermentation). The temperature, pH, specific gravity, total
titrable acidity, and sugar level of the sample were determined after every 12 h. The wine was racked
and allowed to ferment for 14 days (secondary fermentation). It was then left to clarify for three months.
The clarified wine was left to mature for 6 months before the final physico-chemical and sensory
evaluation were carried out. The results of the analysis revealed that the temperature of all the wine
samples was 28.0oC. Grape and pawpaw wine had pH of 3.70, alcohol content of 17.00%, total acidity of
0.86% residual acidity of 0.32%, volatile acidity of 0.54% and specific gravity of 0.9776. Pawpaw and
tiger nut wine had pH of 3.95 alcohol content of 16.06%, total acidity of 0.59%, residual acidity of
0.14%, volatile acidity of 0.255 and specific gravity of 0.9810. Grape, pawpaw and tiger nut wine had
pH of 3.78, alcohol content of 17 81% total acidity of 0.72%, residual acidity of 0.30%, volatile acidity
of 0.51% and specific gravity of 0.9760. Grape and tiger nut wine had pH of 3.90, alcohol content of
18.65% total acidity of 0.78%, residual acidity of 0.30%, volatile acidity of 0.48% and specific gravity
of 0.9745.Although these values were comparable to those reported of good fruit wines, the highest
alcohol content was obtained from a blend of grape and tiger nut juice. The sensory evaluation revealed
that the attributes of the wines were acceptable to the majority of the respondents


This comprehensive account examines the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM)—the most significant Muslim militant group in China—including its origins, objectives, ideology, leadership, and tactics.
 To effectively engage China on counterterrorism issues, we must understand the capabilities and intentions of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM), the most significant Muslim militant group in China. The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat is the first book to focus specifically on the ETIM, a terrorist group that demands an independent Muslim state for the Uyghur ethnic minority in northwest China.
 This fascinating study offers a comprehensive account of the group's origins, objectives, ideology, leadership, and tactics. It details the historical and contemporary contexts of the Uyghur separatist movement, the ETIM's alleged ties to international terrorist networks, and the Chinese government's interest in promoting the ETIM as a significant international problem. In addition, the book addresses conflicting claims about the membership and viability of the organization, noting where the Chinese government has apparently manipulated information about the ETIM to suit its own goals. A final chapter explores how various countries define ETIM activities and what that means for relations with China.


The oxidation property of SiO2-supported small Ni particle has been studied by means of the in-situ XAFS method. The Ni particle with the average diameter of 4 nm supported on SiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method. The XANES spectrum of the small metallic Ni particle was clearly different from that of bulk Ni. The exposure of diluted O2 gas at room temperature promoted the surface oxidation of Ni(0) particle. During the temperature programmed oxidation process, the supported Ni(0) particle was quantitatively oxidized to NiO, and the oxidation temperature was lower by ca. 200 °C than that of the SiO2-supported Ni particle with the larger particle radius of 17 nm prepared by the impregnation method.


Sodium dipyrone undergoes the biotransformation effect, in order to achieve activation in higher potency, producing metabolites and consequently improving the absorption and action of this drug. It presents analgesic and antipyretic action in vivo, designed to act with antiplasmoticas and anti-inflammatory properties, being very used for simple pains to the chronic pains. The study analyzed the content of the concentration of dipyrone tablets marketed in drugstores in the city of Vitoria da Conquista - BA, in which it used the UV absorption spectrophotometry method in 500 mg samples of reference brands, generic and similar. The results obtained in the analysis had an average concentration content for generic drugs 95.93%, similar 91.17% and reference 92.92%. According to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia the values must be between 95% and 105% to be able to attend pharmacotherapy. Therefore, the drug of the generic class was fit for consumption, since its concentration meets the standards of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia.


In allusion to the large variant after supporting in the return gateway of 21108 in Shan Jiaoshu Mine,according to the design idea of coupling support,the existing supporting parameters were improved,the reasonable supporting proposal was gotten,which based on the coupling support technology,and the optimum proposal was contrast with the primary proposal through numerical simulation.The consequence indicate that not only designing method of coupling support is in favor of surrounding stable,but also this method improve the carrying capacity of surrounding rock,and the optimum proposal is better than the primary proposal,and the optimum proposal effectively control the variant of surrounding rock.


Memoization is an optimization that provides asymptotic sp eedups, automatically achieving many of the benefits of dynamic programming . Memoization, however, trades off reduced execution time for additional r equired storage. This additional storage requirement can be reduced somewhat by u sing several techniques from incrementalization. The first technique, calle d pruning, statically identifies the set of cached results which are still required at any particular program point, allowing the remainder to be discarded. The seco nd technique dynamically tracks dependencies, allowing a cached result to be reused in a broader set of contexts. This paper suggests that it would be possible to provide a gen eric graph library with a declarative interface in a traditional imperative pr ogramming language such as Java or C++. This library could be implemented using memoi zati n and a dynamic version of pruning. This would enable users of tradi ional programming languages to program at a higher level of abstraction while s t l achieving the efficiency they require.


To study the shale gas optimal exploitation method in Dongying subsidence area,this paper extracted 13 groups of shale cores with different buried depths( 3 315. 85- 3 485. 07 m) from the upper Es4 to lower Es3 at Dongying subsidence area in Shengli oilfield. Authors measured and analyzed five physical mechanical fracability related parameters,the results of five parameters show that the shale in Dongying subsidence area has a good exploration prospect. According to the longitudinal comparative analysis on different depth shale,four parameters fracability related were determined. A fuzzy comprehensive decision method was used to obtain the quantified fracability evaluation results,which provide an optimal reference for shale gas development. The results show that the shale fracability in investigation area decreases with the increase of burried depth,the shale from depth 3 315. 85- 3 366. 35 m should be choose over other depth.


Year after year IUDs are used more frequently in developing countries because of their multiple advantages--longer continuation rates and lower costs. Follow-up rates are also better; this allows physicians to examine women in order to rule out early signs of premalignant lesions of the breasts and uterine cervix. In Venezuela there were 754 clinics dedicated to family planning by December 1978 all government-supported. This is an increase of 247 clinics since 1977. Of almost 1 1/2 million consultations 22000 were for new IUD insertions. Oral contraceptives accounted for over 50% of all patients. Presently IUD use is continuously increasing. In our clinic at the Hospital Vargas de Caracas--founded 2 years ago--88% of the patients are IUD users. Our experience with over 500 patients has been mainly with medicated IUDs especially the Multiload CuT-200 and the Progestasert. Indications and side effects as well as efficacy have been similar to other models. At present it is believed that for Latin American countries the IUD is the best method available. (Authors modified)


The pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is associated with Th1 and Th2 cytokines imbalance. Cytokines act as mediators of inflammation in childhood NS. The objectives are to investigate the role of cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL6-G174C, IL4-C590T, and TNFα-G308A and the response to corticosteroid therapy in children with INS in Egypt. 90 children were included in this study, they divided into 3 groups: 30 children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), 30 children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and 30 age and sex matched healthy control children. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to assess IL6-G174C, IL4C590T, and TNFα-G308A polymorphisms. A significant association was found between the CC genotype and the C allele in IL6-G174C and INS group when compared to the control group (P = 0.003 and 0.009, OR = 4.3 and 2.67 respectively), also, they were significantly associated with SRNS compared to SSNS groups (P = 0.008 and 0.000, OR = 4.93 and 5.82 respectively). Also, TNF-α G308A AA genotype A allele were significantly associated with INS group compared to the control group (P = 0.045 and 0.014, OR = 3.5 and 3.51 respectively) and on comparing SRNS to SSNS groups TNF-α G308A A allele was only significantly associated with SSNS group (p = 0.032, OR = 2.83). IL4-C590T showed no significant difference in the genotypes or the allele distribution between the studied groups. In conclusion, IL6-G174C and TNFα-G308A polymorphisms may affect response to steroid therapy in childhood INS.


Abstract A diminutive new species of Predaea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) is described from coral reef habitats in Puerto Rico,Caribbean Sea. It is composed of compressed lobes which radiate to form an irregularly rounded shape. The new species is characterized by its cylindrical cortical cells, 3-celled carpogonial branches, small number of nutritive cells associated with auxiliary cells and initiation of gonimoblasts from connecting filaments.


BACKGROUND
Periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might occur more frequently during challenging procedures such as PCI of chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). The prognostic implication of PMI in CTO-PCI remains unclear.

METHODS
From January 2006 to September 2012, a total of 715 consecutive patients undergoing CTO-PCI were screened at three centers. Only patients with available pre-PCI and post-PCI troponin (cTn) were included (n = 442). PMI was defined as an elevation of cTn >5x the upper reference limit (URL), or a rise of cTn >20% if baseline values were elevated.

RESULTS
Patients were grouped into: (1) successful CTO-PCI and no-PMI (Group A; n = 195); (2) successful CTO-PCI with PMI (Group B; n = 133); failed CTO-PCI (Group C; n = 114). Occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was assessed in 431 patients (97%), at a median follow-up of 25 months, and were significantly lower in patients successfully treated without PMI occurrence, while increased in cases of PMI or failed CTO-PCI (Group A, 9%; Group B, 15%; Group C, 28%; hazard ratio, 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.18); P<.01). At Kaplan-Meier analysis, MACE-free survival was significantly higher in Group A (log-rank, 21.46; P<.001).

CONCLUSION
Successful CTO revascularization is still associated with a better long-term clinical outcome vs patients in whom it failed, regardless of the occurrence of PMI.


A highly Tm-doped lead germanate glass fiber is developed using the rod-in-tube method. The similar to 2 mu m laser beam quality of the fiber is similar to 1.5. The lead germanate composite fiber jumpers are homemade for all the fiber laser investigations. When core is pumped by a 1590 nm Yb/Er fiber laser, a maximum laser output of 313 mW is achieved at a 670 mW pump power, and the corresponding slope efficiency is similar to 52.8%. Moreover, by using a 2 cm-long lead germanate fiber as the gain medium, a 33 mW 1942 nm Tm laser is also demonstrated.


In spatial encoding methods imparting a quadratic phase onto the transverse magnetization is the first crucial step. This is usually achieved by simultaneous application of a frequency-swept (chirp) pulse and a linear magnetic field gradient. In this work we show how a quadratic gradient can be used for spatial encoding MR


The mechanical microenvironment of a cell is defined by both substrate stiffness and the external forces applied to it. Combined these variables have been shown to influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility. The purpose of this study was to assess the interrelated effects of mechanical stimuli on the apparent stress experienced by human dermal fibroblasts. Due to its high biocompatibility, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to develop a 2D in vitro surface with tunable stiffness. Substrate stiffness, as measured by a rotational rheometer, was adjusted from a Young's modulus of 10kPa to 110kPa by adjusting the ratio of curing agent added to the pre‐polymer. The soft gels were directly cast onto a stiffer 6‐well PDMS base, and it was confirmed that strain was directly transmitted through the ~ 200μm thick soft gels. Gels were coated with fibronectin and 8% uniaxial strain was applied using a custom made stretching system. Allowing 24 hours for attachment, cell deformation was measured as the change in cell length parallel to the axis of strain. Comparing the gels, cells seeded on the stiff gels deformed 22% more than those seeded on the soft gels (p < 0.05). These data suggest that the mechanical signal is modified by the underlying substrate stiffness and could have implications for signal mechanotransduction. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, IGERT‐CMMB.


Nitrophenyl multilayers of a few nanometers thickness were covalently attached to the surface of natural graphite via diazonium chemistry. The as-prepared graphite showed great improvements in the initial coulombic efficiency, specific capacity and cyclability as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance measurements revealed that a compact, stable, and uniform solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the graphite surface. This study may provide a new strategy to modify conventional anode or even cathode materials by molecular design.


Families who experienced a successful outcome to family therapy appeared to be ready to terminate when they had made a paradigm shift in their thinking about family problems and how to resolve them. In this study families communicated two signs of readiness to terminate therapy; 1) the family stopped focusing on the child as a problem and viewed the child as growing up; 2) the parental dyad expressed a renewed sense of confidence in themselves to handle any relationship problems that might arise in the family. Families who remain focused on the problems of the child were not confident in their own ability to handle relationship problems and frequently sought an outside agent e.g., therapist, to create and/or maintain a solution for the family, i.e., to "fix" the index person. The families who remain focused on the index person were often ambivalent about termination. Furthermore, families who showed a readiness to terminate use a three-stage process, a) the family relied on the therapist to initiate the suggestion, b) the family eventually claimed ownership of the idea, and c) the family negotiated with the therapist how to terminate therapy. A good therapeutic alliance between family and therapist did not appear to influence the decision to terminate. Ambivalence by families towards the social worker also did not appear to influence the family's readiness to stop family therapy. Three areas of further research are suggested by this study. How might therapists gauge readiness to terminate in families? Are there any early signs of readiness


Abstract The relatively recent development and successful implementation of item response theory, or IRT for the solutions to measurement problems in the cognitive and affective behavior domains should provide the incentive for physical educators to begin to apply IRT procedures to mental test data and opinion or attitude measurements in the near future. IRT offers distinct advantages to the measurement of these behaviors that the more traditional, classical procedures either cannot provide or cannot provide easily. The primary advantage of IRT procedures is to be able to obtain an estimate of the examinee's true but unknown ability (i.e., the latent trait of interest) and to estimate this ability in such a way that this estimate does not depend on other examinees or on the particular test administered. These are the so-called invariance principles of IRT, making it possible to design tests specifically for the estimation of the ability of a given examinee. These adaptive tests provide estimates of abilit...


Abundant study on the hemodynamic response of a brain have brought quite a few advances in technologies of measuring it. The most benefitted is the functional near infrared spectroscope (fNIRS). A variety of devices have been developed for different applications. Because portable fNIRS systems were more competent to measure responses either of special subjects or in natural environment, several kinds of portable fNIRS systems have been reported. However, they all required a computer for receiving data. The extra computer increases the cost of a fNIRS system. What's more noticeable is the space required to locate the computer even for a portable system. It will discount the portability of the fNIRS system. So we designed a self-contained eight channel fNIRS system, which does not demand a computer to receive data and display data in a monitor. Instead, the system is centered by an ARM core CPU, which takes charge in organizing data and saving data, and then displays data on a touch screen. The system has also been validated by experiments on phantoms and on subjects in tasks.


The synthesis of electric motor control systems, seeking optimal performance, is a well-known and studied field of automation to date. However, the solutions often use very elaborate mathematical foundations and sometimes require considerable algorithmic complexity. Another approach to the same problem, which offers very interesting results, is the use of artificial intelligence methods to generate controllers. Intelligent methods allow the use of bio-inspired approaches to solve complex problems. This article presents a method to adjust the parameters of a controller for DC motors based on two components in the objective function: High productivity and efficiency. This can be achieved using well-known and low algorithmic complexity PID controllers, and metaheuristic artificial intelligence techniques to adjust a controller to obtain optimal behavior. To validate the benefits of the methodological proposal, a simulator of a DC motor has been rigorously constructed, respecting fundamental physical principles. The adjustment system based on metaheuristics (genetics algorithms) has been designed to work on the simulator and constitutes the central contribution of the paper. This system has been designed to establish the parameters of a PID controller, optimizing its behavior in relation to two variables of interest, such as performance and energy efficiency (a non-trivial problem). The results obtained confirm the benefits of the approach.


Abstract 1. When the frequency function of a statistical variable is known, one of the most important tasks of Theoretical Statistics is to find the frequency functions of some simple functions of this variable. The most important are the first and second order moments in a sample containing a certain number of values of the variable.


We have fabricated a strain‐sensing cryogenic field‐effect transistor (FET) from a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure containing a near‐surface two‐dimensional electron gas. The FET has transconductance 100 μS and a small signal drain‐source resistance 10 MΩ. The charge noise has a flat spectrum at high frequencies with magnitude 0.2e/√Hz and 1/f noise corner less than 300 Hz. The piezoelectric effect couples stress in the substrate to the electron density in the FET channel giving an electrical response to applied strain. Strain sensitivity was measured to be 2×10−9/√Hz, limited by FET noise. Integrated strain‐sensing FETs offer advantages for detecting small forces in GaAs/AlGaAs microelectromechanical systems.


The article describes the approach for axial turbine modeling along the mean line. It bases on the developed model of an axial turbine blade row. This model is suitable for both nozzle vanes and rotor blades simulations. Consequently, it allows the simulation of the single axial turbine stage as well as a multistage turbine. The turbine stage model can take into account the cooling air flow before and after a throat of each blade row, outlet straightener vanes existence and stagger angle controlling of nozzle vanes. The axial turbine estimation method includes the loss estimation and thermogasdynamic analysis. The single stage axial turbine was calculated with the developed model. The obtained results deviation was within 3% when comparing with the results of CFD modeling.


The mechanical efficiency of the biocementation process is directly related to the microstructural properties of the biocemented soil, such as, the volume fraction of calcite, its distribution within the pore space (whether localized at the contact between grains or over the grain surfaces) and the contact properties: coordination number, contact surface area, contact orientation, type of contacts (frictional even after treatment, purely cohesive via a calcite bridge or combining friction between particles and cohesion of the localized calcite). Dadda et al, (2018) have used microscopic properties computed from 3D images obtained by X-ray tomography of biocemented sand samples with different levels of biocementation as an input in current analytical models to estimate the elastic properties (Young's and shear modulus) and the strength properties (Coulomb cohesion). They pointed out the important role of some microstructural parameters, notably those related to the contact, on such effective parameters. However, the precise evaluation of the effect of microstructural parameters such as the contact surface distribution on the global mechanical behaviour of the soil requires the use of more advanced modelling methods. The paper presents the results of Discrete Element Modelling of triaxial tests with the open source code Yade in which the real microstructural properties of biocemented soil computed on 3D X-ray microtomography images are used as input parameters. A particular attention has been paid to take into account the actual distribution of contact surface in the model and not only the average value. It appears that the model is then able to reproduce the evolution of the macroscopic properties (in particular that of the cohesion) with the calcite content.


Abstract The risk of occupational exposure in abdominal angiography is reported to be high due not only to direct radiation, but also stray radiation from inspection tables, patients, the image intensifier, the beam limiting system (collimator), etc. The Japanese standard JISZ4831 prescribes protective coats of at least 0.25 mm lead equivalent and is the uniform thickness of lead equivalent. The most commonly used protective coats are 0.25, 0.35, or 0.5 mm in thickness. The weight of a typical protective coat is about 3 kg. While there are coats that weigh up to 6 kg, wearing such heavy coats becomes physically burdensome as inspection time increases. The trade-off between physical burden and protection was considered by measuring the X-ray intensity distribution and attenuation rate of stray radiation in each position assumed by the medical staff. In the case of inspections performed at an x-ray tube voltage of 80 kV, it may be possible to reduce the weight of the lead rubber apron by about 33% because the lead thickness is reduced uniformly when shielding capability of a 0.25 mm thick Pb layer is accepted as the standard at 40 cm above the gonad position. The reduction in weight was feasible, even from a managerial perspective, because the increase in the dose rate is only about 0.01 mGy/min at 110 kV, whereas the intensity is about 1.5 times higher than at 80 kV.


The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics, discrepancies, and the relationships among consumption and non-consumption behavior and involvement of basketball of the antecedents of 21th University Basketball Association.In this study, 1115 questionnaires are used in data processing (387 of consumption and 728 of non-consumption), data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Person product moment correlation. The results from consumption showed that spectators of game were mainly female that between 20 to 29 years old and their occupation were mainly student. The degree of involvement of basketball resulted positive related to antecedents of consumption, and results from non-consumption were 21.97% of subjects didn't receive any message of UBA, and their degree of involvement of basketball resulted negative related to antecedents of non-consumption. And we also realized that "watch for free" brought different effect on consumption/non-consumption. Researcher hopes the results of this study could be helpful for the hosting company and the related studies in the future.


SAR echo simulator plays an important role in space-borne SAR development. The echo delay precision in the SAR echo simulator reflects the quality of the echo, which is limited due to the limited AD sampling rate. In this paper, a non-integer delay filter algorithm based on Lagrange interpolation is proposed to realize the precise echo delay, which uses the approximation in frequency domain. The results show that the method is effective and is put into use in the actual space-borne SAR echo simulation.


This paper is part of a project, still in its infancy, on historical changes in war termination. Here, I document an empirical trend: a marked increase over time in the number of wars ending in a draw, occurring for interstate wars after WWII, and for civil wars after the end of the Cold War. For war to end in a draw, two conditions must hold: neither side is able to defeat the other outright, and the belligerents can reach a compromise settlement, allowing them to stop fighting rather than continuing the war in the hope of eventual victory. Using this framework, I outline and test a number of hypotheses derived from existing literature on war outcomes and duration. I also explore the possibility that the increase in the number of draws is an artifact of the coding. However, at least two possible explanations for such an artifact point to fundamental changes in the nature of war, suggesting interesting avenues for further research. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Earlier versions of this paper were presented at APSA 2003, the Georgetown Junior Faculty Workshop on Intervention, ISA 2004, the Yale Conference on Order, Conflict, and Violence, and at UCLA. I thank the participants of those panels, and especially Nicholas Sambanis, Mike Brown, Michael Doyle, Ken Scheve, and Peter Thompson for comments. Thanks also to Nisha Fazal, Erik Gartzke, Lise Howard, Barb Koremenos, Alan Kuperman, Ken Schultz, Jack Snyder, Monica Toft, and Steve Van Evera, for enlightening discussion and suggestions. I very much appreciate the data provided by Michael Doyle and Nicholas Sambanis, Jim Fearon, Zachary Shirkey, Zeev Maoz, and especially Al Stam. Work on this project is made possible in part by grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, for which I am very grateful.


Trace-element concentrations have been investigated in sandy and loamy soils of Latvia. The data obtained for a number of genetic horizons are shown to be applicable for evaluating pedogenetic processes.


The study of matter under extreme conditions is a highly interdisciplinary subject with broad applications to materials science, geophysics and astrophysics. High-pressure properties are studied in the laboratory using static and dynamic techniques. The two differ drastically in the methods of generating and measuring pressure and in the fundamentally different nature of the final compressed state. This article covers a very broad range of conditions, intended to present an overview of important recent developments and to emphasize the behavior of materials and the kinds of properties now being studied.


Among all pandemics which spread out through world wide and ongoing pandemic COVID-19 is most hilarious. This virus is discovered in 2019 Wuhan in China. Symptoms of COVID-19 is variable yet frequently incorporate fever, breathing challenges and loss of smell and taste . Side effects start one to fourteen days after openness to the infection. All the affected country have been looking for safety precaution while few countries are researching the specific vaccine against corona virus . Now the situation is out of hand due to lack of awareness and management even vaccination period also. Sri Lanka made several precautions to control the spread of COVID-1 . This research explores the economic impact of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. The study is mainly based on unemployment, tourism, export, apparel and textile. These all key words emphasis how Sri Lanka faced and facing the COVID-19 impact on economy and how far it reached to manage the situation. The data are based on research done by scholars and prof ,news papers, WHO statements, annual reports by world bank and Asian reports and articles. No of tourism arrival in January 2019 was highest and decreased in February 2019. As the pandemic started in March arrival of tourist decreased all of a sudden by 71370 (SLTDA2020) due to restriction of air ways, cancellation of viruses and impose of curfew through island wide in Sri Lanka more over other countries also facing the same situation. Earning is reduced to 956 USD (Jan-June 2020) from 1901 USD (Jan-June 2019). And also agriculture is one of the major income sector got affected due to break down of supply chain disrupted. Because of this some products got lack in stock and swung the price low and high. Sri Lanka Export Development Board in 2020 said that revenue is reduced by USD 1250.9Mn from USD 1469.7Mn in 2019. And also approximately more than 10000 people lost their lobs related to apparel and textile industry. (Joint Apparel Textile). The supply of raw materials disrupted and factories in Sri Lanka unable to run as usual. Unemployment is the sector got affected directly and indirectly, many people job become as a question mark while some lost their jobs and some are facing lack of salary specially in private sector. These got affected their families and future too. Government made so many precautions and making so many decisions to overcome the pandemic and to mange the economy level of Sri Lanka.


Guest Editorial: Networking and Performance Issues of Personal Mobile Communications I N recent years, there has been a surge of interest in personal mobile communications systems and services, fueled by the availability and exploitation of wireless spectrum, and the development of low-cost, low-power communications devices. Various types of such systems and services have been referred to as personal communications networks (PCN's), personal communications services (PCS's), universal personal telecommunication (UPT), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), future public land mobile telecommunication systems (FPLMTS's), etc. The development and deployment of these personal mobile communications systems raise significant technical issues at all protocol layers of these systems. There has been a tremendous amount of research and development work at the low-level protocols, aimed at meeting the challenges posed by the fundamental characteristics of personal mobile communications, namely, user mobility, and the physical and link behavior and capacity of the wireless medium. However, these fundamental characteristics have significant impacts on the network and higher protocol layers as well. Network design and performance issues for personal mobile communications include: mobility modeling and characterization, tracking of user locations, resource allocation, network architecture, and security, to name a few. In addition, several challenges are also raised for the wired infrastructure required to support personal communications, in areas such as signaling, network database, service software and architecture, internetworking between wireless and wired networks, etc. Many of these issues are still open, although personal mobile communications is becoming popular. The focus of this issue is on the networking and performance issues posed by personal mobile communications at the network and higher protocol layers of the communications networks and also to highlight solution approaches. Our goal is to provide a forum for the exchange of results and ideas among researchers and engineers in industries and universities. It is worth noting that some of the topics addressed in this issue have been studied and reported in previous, related issues of this JOURNAL; for example, the issue on "Wireless and Mobile High-Speed Communication Networks: Architecture, Modeling, and Analysis" in October 1994 and on "Wireless ATM" in January 1997. For this issue, we used a two-stage evaluation process. Prospective authors were first requested to submit summaries of their research results. We were surprised by the overwhelming responses: a total of 121 summaries were received. Each summary was reviewed by all of the Guest Editors to assess its quality and relevance to the topics covered by this issue. Consequently, authors of 60 papers were invited to submit their full papers for detailed review, and we received


In October 2007, Dr Robert Sears, in response to growing parental concerns about the safety of vaccines, published The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child. Sears' book is enormously popular, having sold 40 000 copies. At the back of the book, Sears includes "Dr Bob's Alternative Vaccine Schedule," a formula by which parents can delay, withhold, separate, or space out vaccines. Pediatricians now confront many parents who insist that their children receive vaccines according to Sears' schedule, rather than that recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. This article examines the reasons for the popularity of Sears' book, deconstructs the logic and rationale behind its recommendations, and describes how Sears' misrepresentation of vaccine science misinforms parents trying to make the right decisions for their children. Pediatrics 2009;123:e164–e169 M PARENTS ARE hesitant about vaccinating their children. Vaccine hesitancy can be explained in part by a lack of trust in those who make vaccine recommendations; a suspicion of profit motive driven by pharmaceutical companies; misinformation on the Internet; failure to appreciate the seriousness of vaccinepreventable diseases, given their low rates; and constant stories in the media claiming that vaccines cause a variety of illnesses, ranging from allergies to autism. Most recently, with the addition of several new vaccines to the infant schedule, some parents have become concerned that children receive too many vaccines too early. Given that young infants currently receive 14 different vaccines, requiring as many as 5 shots at a single visit and 26 inoculations by 2 years of age, the concern that children might be overwhelmed by too many vaccines is understandable. To address parents' concerns about vaccines, Dr Robert Sears, son of noted pediatrician and author Dr William Sears, wrote The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child.1 Sears' book, published in October 2007 as part of the Sears Parenting Library, has already sold 40 000 copies and has moved into the top 100 on the Amazon.com bestseller list. The popularity of Sears' book centers in part on 2 schedules, called alternative and selective, that offer parents a way to avoid giving their children several vaccines at one time. Sears' book is unique. Unlike typical antivaccine books, he offers a middle ground, allowing parents to act on their fears without completely abandoning vaccines. Unfortunately, Sears sounds many antivaccine messages.


Since reform and opening,the regional economy was rapid development in Northern Shanxi,especially the development of mineral resources created enormous economic benefits.But in recent years,the county economic development level of the spatial differences gradually expanded and became restricted to the regional economic development a major obstacle.This paper selected 7 indexes such as per capita GDP,land in GDP,per capita local fiscal revenue,per capita total retail sales of social consumer goods,level of urbanization,average wages in the post and per capita net income of rural households.The first of the IDW method with ArcGIS simulation and analysis of northern Shanxi pattern of economic space was discussed.Through the analyses of quantity-fig,we could divide the all 25 counties into three types,advanced counties,middle counties and depressed counties,from the perspective of the county for further analysis of the spatial differences in economic level and finally to narrow the space for county economy differences and realized the coordinated development of county economy to make a few suggestions.


The present invention relates to inorganic-organic hybridized fluorescent nanometer titania particle, and is especially fluorescent nanometer titania-europium probe and its application. Silane reagentis first reacted with trivalent europium-beta-diketone fluorescent complex to form fluorescent precursor, and then, through sol-gel reaction with titanate in alcohol-water solution, one kind of strongfluorescent nanometer particle with active radical as biological marker in the surface is produced. Thus produced fluorescent nanometer titania particle has fluorescent life of about 400 ms and fluor escent quantum yield up to 11 %. The fluorescent nanometer titania particle may be used as biological molecular fluorescent probe for time resolution fluorescent measurement and can eliminate the fluorescent background interference from biological sample. The present invention has important application foreground in various biochemical detection fields.


Objective:To develop an inducible system for expression of GraB in E.coli for the purpose of investion of its function on genome DNA fragment.Methods:Amplified granzyme B cDNA by RT-PCR via extracting lymphocyte total RNA.Identified with endonuclease cut and DNA sequence analysis,the gene was inserted into E.coli expression vector pTrcHis2A,the pokaryotic expression plasmid pTrcHis2A/GraB was constructed and transformed into TOP10F.Results:After 8 h of IPTG in duction, the GraB was expressed 15% of total proteins by SDS-PAGE.Western blot assay proved the expressed hGraB to be of good antigenicity and high specificity.The recombinant protein purified by affinity chromatography has effect on GraB substrate.GraB was found to work directly on the genome DNA fragments,promoting its split.Conclusion:It is found that there may exist certain novel pathway for GraB-induced apoptosis.


On his most recent solo album, Winter Wheat (2016), Winnipeg singer-songwriter John K Samson lingers in the liminal space between despair and hope, locating a fragile fecundity in the dormant growing season evoked by the album's title Winter Wheat voices a series of missed connections, unfinished stories, and interrupted conversations that cycle through many registers of despair before partially resolving into the tenuous hope that, as Samson writes in the title track (borrowing from Miriam Toews' novel A Complicated Kindness), "this world is good enough, because it has to be" Rather than advocating for complacency, Samson's songs perform a painful recounting of the past in order to imagine the troubled present as a time of tentative potential: though the world is not and has not been "good enough" as it is, still, to quote the title track, we must "salute the ways we tried, [and] find a way to rise" ("Winter Wheat") Though we may not know exactly "what survival means" ("Confessions of a Futon Revolutionist," Fallow), to use the words of artist Jenny Holzer that Samson quotes in Winter Wheat's album liner epigraph, listening to, for, and with weak hope in Winter Wheat might model some collaborative "way[s] to survive" Many narrators on Winter Wheat struggle with a central agon that feels very contemporary: when action is likely futile, should we act anyway? According to Samson, the band's name emerged from "a few places" (see Todd)


Microfinance has entered the phase of rapid development and it has become one of the most important businesses in commercial banks. This study set up an evaluation system based on the balanced scorecard and used the fuzzy-rough set approach to evaluate the microfinance performance. Firstly, this study designed the performance evaluation system from five dimensions according to the principals of balanced scorecard. It needs an objective and scientific method to allocate the weight of indicators of bank's microfinance evaluation system. How to overcome the fuzziness problem and lack of objectivity becomes the point of the research. Then this study used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method which is based on the rough set to determine the weight of indicators. Finally this study made an empirical study by using above method and got the fuzzy evaluation results. The effectiveness and practicability of the method were verified by the empirical results.


This article explores the application of Knowledge Management (KM) techniques to educational information systems—particularly in support of systemic reform efforts. The first section defines knowledge and its relationship to information and data. There is also a discussion of various goals that might be pursued by organizations using KM techniques. The second section explores some of the fundamental design elements of an educational KM system. These include questions surrounding the unit of analysis, distributed computer resources, and organizational characteristics of successful KM efforts. Section three outlines the benefits that organizations expect to gain by investing in KM. Section four is a case history of the introduction of a district-level data system and the parallel efforts to support the aggregation and


Abstract : The purpose of this program is to obtain metallurgical guidelines and test methodologies for selection and development of spectrum fatigue-resistant, high-strength aluminum alloys for application to aircraft structures. This volume (I) of this report describes the results of baseline characterization of two high-strength aluminum alloys, and compares these results to those obtained in the two previous phases of the program. Twelve commercial 2XXX and 7XXX aluminum alloys were chosen and characterized for chemical composition, microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture toughness. Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted on specimens of each alloy for both constant-amplitude loading (including the near-threshold region) and two F-18 load spectrums. One of the spectrums was dominated by tension loads and the other contained tension and compression loads of nearly equal magnitude. The spectrum FCP testing was performed at the maximum peak stress of 145 MPa (21 ksi) with limited testing at 103 and 169 MPa (15 and 24.5 ksi) to obtain additional data at the low and high end of the crack-growth range. Pertinent fracture surface features were documented on the spectrum fatigue specimens.


Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is a commonly used technology in virtual machines. Most DBT systems, like Dynamo, can only translate programs statically linked but not ones dynamically linked. Statically linked programs will lead to expansion of binary codes, which is the indirect reason of loss on performance. In this paper, we propose an approach to implement dynamic linking on DBT systems. During the research, we came across some challenges related with operating systems, compilation and architecture, which will be discussed later in detail. And we have developed a module and had it tested on our DBT system, CrossBit. The statistics show that CrossBit with dynamic linking reduces the number of translated blocks and execution time.


Gas drainage from seam is the main technical measure to prevent and control gas accident. The mathematical model and the numerical analysis method can be used to study the gas flow, and the more accurate results can be achieved. The LB method is a simplified computational model based on the microscopic scale and can be used for solving the problem of gas seepage. This paper based on LB method, simulated the gas pressure, flow track and speed vector diagram in terms of the topic for cleat coal gas drainage through symmetrical holes. It analyzed the depth of the holes influence the gas leakage; summarized and concluded the drainage performance under the controllable subjective factors during the cleat coal gas drainage process.


Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but there is no validated algorithm to identify those at highest risk. This study sought to develop and validate a SCD risk prediction model that provides individualized risk estimates.

 A prognostic model was derived from an international, retrospective, multi-center longitudinal cohort study of 1024 consecutively evaluated patients aged ≤16 years. The model was developed using pre-selected predictor variables [unexplained syncope, maximal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (MWT), left atrial diameter (LAD), LV outflow tract (LVOT) gradient and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT)] identified from the literature and internally validated using bootstrapping.

 Over a median follow up of 5.3 years (IQR 2.6, 8.2, total patient years 5984), 89 (8.7%) patients died suddenly or had an equivalent event [annual event rate 1.49 (95% CI 1.15–1.92)]. The pediatric model was developed using pre-selected variables to predict the risk of SCD. The model's ability to predict risk at 5 years was validated; C-statistic was 0.69 (95% CI 0.66–0.72) and the calibration slope was 0.98 (95% CI 0.58–1.38). For every 10 ICDs implanted in patients with ≥6% 5-year SCD risk, potentially 1 patient will be saved from SCD at 5 years.

 This new validated risk stratification model for SCD in childhood HCM provides accurate individualized estimates of risk at 5 years using readily obtained clinical risk factors.

 British Heart Foundation


It has been a practice of every higher educational institution to follow up on their graduates through tracer studies. This study generally aimed to trace the up–to–date status and employment of the BSIT graduates of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, San Isidro Campus for the Academic Year 2016–2017 and Academic Year 2017–2018. The descriptive method of research was used with a modified questionnaire as the major data-gathering instrument. There were 249 total graduates but only 219 of them responded to the study which involved 122 males and 97 females. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, and ranking were used in this study. This study aimed to determine the general profile, educational background, professional examinations passed after college, employment profile, and reasons for unemployment of the unwaged respondents. Based on the tallied results, there is a high rate of employability with regular/permanent status among BSIT graduates. This means that the BSIT curriculum is aligned with the needs of the industry. The researchers have suggested an establishment of a partnership with the Civil Service Commission and other IT companies to assist the BSIT graduates in applying and passing eligibility for them to get the security of tenure and a higher salary. Keywords— Employment, graduates, information technology, tracer study.


This paper presents a detailed analysis of Mapping the Polybench C 4.2.1 kernels to Coarse-Grain Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs), targeting High-Performance Computing (HPC). The results show that the Polybench kernels are well suited for acceleration on a CGRA due to their regular array accesses. However, seperately mapping the innermost loops of the Polybench kernels to a CGRA yields only limited speedups because the small size of the generated dataflow graphs limits the available parallelism and results in a low computational intensity. Therefore, loop transformations which will increase the parallelism and the speedups are suggested. While this work focuses on a specific CGRA and its compiler, the observations and conclusions are also transferable to other CGRAs and their compilers.


AbstractLandfills consisting of waste natural lumpy soils from open-pit mining are being deposited. The shear strength of excavated lumpy soils is important for designing the landfills. To this end...


The objectives of medical ethics teaching are: first,to enable students grasp the basics of medical ethics,hold with the basic skills of medical ethics;second,to enable students to possess good moral emotions,to establish the correct professional values.Teaching the basics of medical ethics need make good use of heuristics teaching;training capacity of medical ethics needs variety training;training medical ethics emotion need introduce social events and social issues into the curriculum,training professional values need concern about the inner world of students.


Contents: Introduction: the invention of discovery, 1500-1700, James Dougal Fleming 'That full-sail voyage': travel narratives and astronomical discovery in Kepler and Galileo, Piers Brown Francis Bacon and the divine hierarchy of nature, Steven Matthews 'Invention' and 'discovery' as modes of conceptual integration: the case of Thomas Harriot, Michael Booth The undiscoverable country: occult qualities, scholasticism, and the end of nescience, James Dougal Fleming Spirits, vitality, and creation in the poetics of Tomasso Campanella and John Donne, Anthony Russell Perfection of the world and mathematics in late 16th-century Copernican cosmologies, Pietro Daniel Omodeo Discovery in The World: the case of Descartes, Jacqueline Wernimont Numbering martyrs: numerology, encyclopedism, and the invention of immanent events in John Foxe's Actes and Monuments, Ryan Netzley Unearthing radical reform: antiquarianism against discovery, Travis DeCook The discovery of blackness in the early modern bed-trick, Louise Denmead Newness and discovery in early-modern France, Vincent Masse Afterword: the art of the field, James Dougal Fleming Bibliography Index.


In this paper, we developed a process for the deposition of adhesive oxide-zirconium coatings from solutions of hexafluorozirconic acid in the presence of Co (II) and Ni (II) ions on a steel base. The optimal conditions for the formation of oxide-zirconium coatings (concentrations of hexafluorozirconic acid, Co (II) and Ni (II) ions, temperature, pH, deposition time, thickness) are determined. The corrosion resistance of the obtained coatings was investigated depending on the change in the process parameters. It is found that the stabilization of the current-free potential and the optimum thickness of the zirconium oxide coating are achieved at close time parameters. The results of corrosion tests are in agreement with the adhesion strength of the obtained oxide-zirconium coatings on iron base in the temperature range 30-40 o С.It is shown that the formed oxide-zirconium coatings satisfy the requirements imposed on adhesion layers for paint coatings.


Temozolomide (TZM) is a novel methylating agent currently under investigation for treatment of recurrent high‐grade gliomas. Although TZM generates a wide spectrum of methyl adducts, its cytotoxicity has been attributed to mismatch repair (MR)‐mediated processing of O6‐methylguanine:T mispairs. N3‐methyladenine and N7‐methylguanine adducts are promptly repaired by the base excision repair system, unless a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is combined to TZM. In this case, the repair process of N‐methylpurines cannot be completed and the deriving DNA strand breaks contribute to cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the influence on cell growth and cell cycle of treatment with TZM + PARP inhibitor in glioma cells characterized by different susceptibility to TZM. The results indicated that PARP inhibitor increases growth inhibition induced by TZM in either p53–wild‐type or p53‐mutant glioblastoma cells, as early as 24 h after drug exposure. The enhancing effect exerted by PARP inhibitor was particularly evident in glioma cells characterized by a defective expression of MR, since these cells are tolerant to O6‐methylguanine damage and show low sensitivity to TZM. In O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase (OGAT)‐deficient and MR‐proficient tumor cells bearing wild‐type p53, the drug combination markedly reduced cell accumulation in the G2/M phase of cell cycle and induction of the G2 checkpoint regulator Chk1 kinase. In short‐term cultures of glioma cells derived from surgical specimens, PARP inhibitor enhanced chemosensitivity to TZM and this effect was especially evident in OGAT‐proficient tumors. Thus, a pharmacological strategy based on the interruption of N‐methylpurine repair might represent a novel strategy to restore or increase glioma sensitivity to TZM. GLIA 40:44–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Inter-networking security in a multi-vendor heterogeneous network environment is a critical problem for IT professionals. This paper analyzes the security threats in a multi-vendor network environment and proposes a network security architecture for building a secure distributed network. It also discusses various information security packages including crypto-systems, network authentication, and security control software. The paper attempts to provide readers a systematic way for securing inter-network environment.<<ETX>>


Upper Cretaceous hiatus, relation to slumping and erosion of unconsolidated sediments in submarine environment (for reference to part IV, see this Bibliography Vol. 32, No. 7, 20 E68-08764)


For the understanding of the geometric shape and the dynamic behavior of chemical waves traveling through an excitable medium, two relationships have to be considered: the dispersion relation in periodic wave trains, and the «eikonal» equation, which expresses a proportionality between speed and curvature of chemical waves. In continuation of previous works, where the dependence of the speed on the shape of waves was investigated for positively and negatively curved wave fronts in the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction, we report for the same reaction measurements of the curvature-velocity relation for negatively curved wave fronts, obtained at different temperatures ranging from 279 to 300.7 K (6-27.7°C)


Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0336 Received 4 Oct.2012. *Corresponding author (email@example.com). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Variations in Stand Structure and Diversity along a Soil Fertility Gradient in a Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) in Southern Mato Grosso Forest, Range & Wildland Soils


Disclosed is a method of electrochemically machining a workpiece surface 8, 68, with an electrode 1, the at least one active surface 24, 54 for machining the workpiece surface 8, 68 has, and with an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte of the active surface 24, 54 suctioned is, and an electrode 1 which has at least one electrolyte feed 34, 56 for feeding the electrolyte into the active region 24, 54 and a Elektrolytabsaugung 36, 58 for sucking the electrolyte from the active region 24, 54th


Media are not politically neutral and political cartoons are no exception. Political viewpoints can be made clear through explicit argumentation, and through the more implicit use of visual elements. One prominent example that unites argumentation with the visual to produce political persuasion is America's first political cartoon, created by Benjamin Franklin in 1754, which frames the socio-political climate of the time with an image urging the British colonies to "Join, or Die" (Katz 2004, 44). The themes of political cartoons, despite technological progress, remain unaltered by way of their continual incorporation of "domestic politics, social themes and foreign affairs" (Kemnitz 1973, 83). While members of the academic community, such as Lester C. Olson (1987), support this connection between cartooning and persuasive rhetoric, there is much we don't know about how the persuasive arguments within political cartoons work.


This paper investigates in∞uence of the external-cavity length on the route-to- chaos of semiconductor lasers operating under optical feedback. The study is based on numerical solution of a time-delay model of rate equations. The route is period doubling when the ratio of the relaxation frequency to the external-cavity resonance frequency is less than unity. The route is sub-harmonic when the ratio is near above unity, and is quasi-periodic characterized by the compound-cavity frequency and the relaxation frequency as well as their difierence when the ratio is far above unity.


Abstract Studies of the radical polymerization and copolymerization of 1,1,2-trichlorobutadiene-1,3 with various unsaturated compounds are reviewed. The physicochemical properties and chemical reactions of 1,1.2-trichlorobutadiene-1,3 as well as its ability for chemical interaction with low-molecular and high-molecular compounds are described.


BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. As photoautotrophs, plants are exquisitely sensitive to their light environment. Light affects many developmental and physiological responses throughout plants' life histories. The focus of this chapter is on light effects during the crucial period of time between seed germination and the development of the first true leaves. During this time, the seedling must determine the appropriate mode of action to best achieve photosynthetic and eventual reproductive success. Light exposure triggers several major developmental and physiological events. These include: growth inhibition and differentiation of the embryonic stem (hypocotyl); maturation of the embryonic leaves (cotyledons); and establishment and activation of the stem cell population in the shoot and root apical meristems. Recent studies have linked a number of photoreceptors, transcription factors, and phytohormones to each of these events.


The past decade has witnessed the establishment, rapid growth, and gradual maturing of the Rahmi M. Koç Museum in Istanbul, Turkey's only museum of science, technology, and the history of technology. Its focus on transportation, industrial, and communications technologies is familiar to European and American visitors, but new for Turkish citizens. While the Koç Museum displays objects from all over Europe and the United States, it seeks to highlight Turkish perspectives on history of technology. A small but dedicated staff has significantly expanded and improved the exhibits over just the last two years. Disciplines Islamic World and Near East History | Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Comments This is an article from Technology and Culture 45 (2004): 590, doi:10.1353/tech.2004.0112. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs/9 The Rahmi M. Koc Museum, Istanbul Bix, Amy Sue. Edis, Taner, 1967Technology and Culture, Volume 45, Number 3, July 2004, pp. 590-596


In this paper we set out to explore the mechanisms underpinning returns to specific network positions, by considering the role of individuals' behavioral orientation toward brokerage. In particular, we focus on the importance of individuals' brokerage behaviors in affecting the well-established relationship between individuals' brokerage positions and performance. Using individuals' tendency toward acting as Tertius Iungens or tertius gaudens, we show the moderating effects that each of these behavioral tendencies has on the relationship between individuals' brokerage position and their performance. We theorize and find evidence for the importance of consistency between motives/behaviors and network positions. In particular we observe that while having a tertius gaudens behavioral orientation increases the benefits of occupying a brokerage position, having a Tertius Iungens behavioral orientation decreases it.


Thepaper presents a computational technique for automatic polyp detection in thecolon via a video stream analysis obtained by colonoscopy and processed bycomputer vision and deep learning algorithms. The most of effective methodsdetecting polyps in colon is based on intense computation to localize the candidateregions. The research implements frame color contrasting and segmentationprocedure analyzing not only color and texture region features but also theirlocations to make the search faster and more reliable. To estimate theperformance of suggested technique we took CVC-ColonDB, the open public access databasecontains images of colon with different polyps and a set of video files illustratingthe colonoscopy process provided by Arizona State University and Arizonaclinics in Phoenix, the USA. The obtained model demonstrates the performance ofthe classification comparable to existing model that is working faster, thus, thefirst mentioned model allows using the approach to solve the practical tasks inorder to reduce morbidity and mortality from colon cancer.


Bacillus subtilis spo0K mutants are blocked at the first step in sporulation. The spo0K strain was found to contain two mutations: one was linked to the trpS locus, and the other was elsewhere on the chromosome. The mutation linked to trpS was responsible for the sporulation defect (spo‐). The unlinked mutation enhanced this sporulation deficiency but had no phenotype on its own. The spo‐ mutation was located in an operon of five genes highly homologous to the oligopeptide transport (Opp) system of Gram‐negative species. Studies with toxic peptide analogues showed that this operon does indeed encode a peptide‐transport system. However, unlike the Opp system of Salmonella typhimurium, one of the two ATP‐binding proteins, OppF, was not required for peptide transport or for sporulation. The OppA peptide‐binding protein, which is periplasmically located in Gram‐negative species, has a signal sequence characteristic of lipo‐proteins with an amino‐terminal lipo‐amino acid anchor. Cellular location studies revealed that OppA was associated with the cell during exponential growth, but was released into the medium in stationary phase. A major role of the Opp system in Gram‐negative bacteria is the recycling of cell‐wall peptides as they are released from the growing peptidoglycan. We postulate that the accumulation of such peptides may play a signaling role in the initiation of sporulation, and that the sporulation defect in opp mutants results from an inability to transport these peptides.


Rotationally cold emission has been recorded in the A /sup 2/..pi../sub i/--X /sup 2/..pi../sub r/ band system of SO/sup +/ at a resolution of 0.3 cm/sup -1/ using a source consisting of a supersonic expansion excited by a corona discharge. The observed spectra, including over 50 bands with v' = 0--11 and v'' = 0--10, have been rotationally analyzed and the derived constants have been merged with those obtained from previously published spectra.


Urban management has changed dramatically in theory and in practice in the last two decades. The growth of urban centers, the increased knowledge of technology, and the expansion of government have combined to produce marked alterations in local governments. With this transformation of local government comes an increased need for professional administrators to manage cities. Of necessity, then, we should evaluate and modify our educational programs to meet the needs of potential urban managers. We recognize the difficulty inherent in educating effective urban managers in the face of complexity and change. This difficulty is increased when formal ties between academics and practitioners are insufficient and/or absent. Whether by choice or by circumstance, professors and managers are most often an unlikely team. Yet such a team could be influential in


The key of assessment of shale gas is to evaluate the spatial distribution of original gas in-place(OGIP) to delineate the core area.The occurrence of shale gas is interim between tight sandstone gas and coalbed gas.Shale gas is composed of free gas in pores,adsorbed gas in the solid organic matter,solution gas in the residual oil and water.Pressure-temperature conditions control the partitioning among three gases and reciprocal transformation.The key controlling free gas,adsorbed gas and solution gas are porosity of shale,amount and maturation of organic matter,amount of residual oil in shale,respectively.The algorithm of free gas,adsorbed gas and solution gas in shale has been designed to quantify the spatial distribution of original gas in-place(OGIP) in the Trinity 3D petroleum system modeling software.Case studies of Barnett shale in the Fort Worth basin are used to show the application of integrated organic maturation,adsorption and PVT simulation to predict the original gas in-place(OGIP) of shale gas.


This paper presents a simple inverted pendulum gait model to study walking under slip conditions. The model allows for both the horizontal and vertical movements of the center of mass during normal walking and walking gaits with foot slip. Stability of the system is analyzed using the concept of capturability. Considering foot placement as a control input, we obtain the stable regions which lead to stable gait. The size of those stable regions is used to evaluate the effect of the coefficient of friction and the slip reaction time on capturability. We also analyze the feasibility of recovery from slip gait in relation to the coefficient of friction and the reaction time. The results confirm the effectiveness of the model and the capturability developement.


Keyword: Key Words: authoritarian parenting, aggression, adolescent. Abstrack: ABSTRACT :Acts of violence happen anywhere, like in the streets, in schools, even in housing complexes. These actions may include verbal abuse (scold) and non-verbal keekrasan (hitting, punching). Aggressiveness is done by individuals will impact on him as well. Danger to the individual's own aggressiveness is another person will stay away from players who will only hurt others without thinking that will result in long-able after hurting others. Aggression by Berkowitz (1995) are all forms of behavior intended to hurt anyone, either verbally or non verbally. One of the factors that influence the aggressiveness is a pattern of care. The essence of the relationship between parent and child is largely determined by the attitudes of parents in raising children, how he feels and what the parents. So parents have enormous influence in shaping the personality of children so that children develop into strong personal self-confidence, initiative, ambition, beremosi stable, responsible, able to establish positive interpersonal relationships. Hurlock (1993) states that each parent differently in applying their behavioral patterns and attitudes toward children. This is influenced by a number of attitudes that they learned in caring for and educating children, among others, the initial experience with children, the existence of cultural values about the best way to treat children either authoritarian, democratic or permissive. Santrock (2002) suggests that author itarian parenting is a style that demands restrict and punish the child for follow perintahperintah parents and respect the work and effort. Authoritarian parents applying strict limits and no member with vast opportunities for childrento talk (deliberation). Sarwono (1997) argues that aggressive behavior by adolescents is influenced by the upbringing of their master. Parents who are too demanding their children to always follow any accord would make the child so the child frustrated when outside your home will berindak arbitrarily and in an aggressive manner. The survey results revealed the scale of 30 items tested for aggressive behavior have a valid 19 items with a value of correlation between0.306 to 0.604 with a reliability coefficient of 0.856. While the authoritarian parenting scale of the analysis results are known from 30 items tested there are 16 valid item correlation value between 0.315 to 0.600 with a reliability coefficient of 0.819. Based on the analysis of Pearson product moment (N %3D 46) showed r %3D 0.303 with a significance value of 0.041 (p<;0.05). Based on this research can be concluded that there was an authoritarian parenting relationships with aggressive behavior in adolescents. Children will be a difficult to socialize with her friends so that the child will have a sense of loneliness and want to be considered by others to behave in an aggressive manner. Parents often give physical punishment on their children because of failure to meet standards set by the parents will make the child angry and resentful to the parents but the children did not dare express his anger and vent it to others in the form of aggressive perialku. With ways to teach parents who are not too restrain, children will be children who took the initiative, confident and able to establish positive interpersonal relationships.


In May 1966 under threat of USA withdrawal from the 1929 Warsaw Convention, over 30 of the world's leading international airlines agreed to increase the limit of their passenger legal liability from US $8300 (Warsaw) or US $16 600 (Hague) to US $75 000 (inclusive of legal costs) or $58 000 (plus costs) for passengers travelling to, from or via the USA. Today the number of participating airlines is over 90 and there are individual variations, eg (i) BEA has extended the new limits to all its Warsaw or Hague passengers; (ii) Lufthansa and other airlines have adopted the equivalent of a $58 000 limit for domestic passengers within Germany. In the United Kingdom (including associated overseas territories) on 1st June 1967 the Hague Protocol came into force for the first time and the limit of liability for non-Convention (ie mainly domestic) carriage was raised to the equivalent of approximately £21 000 ($58 000). The end of the first year of the new limits and the beginning of the new UK limits were marked by the Air Law Group of the Royal Aeronautical Society by an international discussion held at the Society on 1st June 1967. The Chair was taken by Sir William Hildred, CB, OBE, MA, and the principal speakers were: Dr. B. Cheng, University College, London; L. S. Kreindler, Trial Lawyer, New York; A. Goodfellow, Solicitor, London; and M. J. Lester, Secretary and Solicitor, BEA. The aims of the Discussion were to:–(a) Review the present position nationally and internationally; (b) Discuss possible future developments from the viewpoint both of airlines and their passengers.


Straw is agricultural waste that has enormous potential as an alternative energy source because of its abundant availability. However, straw has poor intrinsic properties as a fuel. Alkali metal content (especially K) is very high, causing problems in the combustion process at high temperatures. One effort to overcome this problem is by leaching to improve the quality of straw as fuel. This study aims to improve the energetic quality of rice straw through leaching. The study was conducted by soaking rice straw using tofu wastewater. Straw characteristics will be observed based on the soaking time, which is 0 (without soaking), 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 720 minutes. The parameters measured in the study were the pH of tofu wastewater, ash content, potassium content, and calorific value of straw. The results showed that the leaching of minerals from rice straw by soaking for 720 minutes could improve the energetic properties of rice straw. Soaking rice straw can reduce its potassium content from 32% to 1.96% and increase its calorific value from 13.6 MJ/kg to 15.77 MJ/kg.


This study aims to enhance the knowledge of the operation of fish trap fisheries and their impacts on coral reefs through in situ underwater observation. A total of 82 fish traps were investigated during January-October 2016 near the islands of Ko Mak and Ko Kut, Trat Province, in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. Approximately 24 % of the traps were in physical contact with juvenile corals and coral communities, particularly members of the family Fungiidae and Porites sp., resulting in physical damage of some corals. We found that the catch rates of fish traps ranged from 0.10 to 2.56 kgtrap-1day-1 with a mean of 1.59 kgtrap-1day-1. About 60 % of the total catch were target species, including groupers (Family Serranidae) and snappers (Family Lutjanidae), while the remaining 40 % were bycatch species. As many as 22 species were found in the bycatch, including 17 species of fish, four species of crustaceans and one species of sea cucumber. Based on functional groups, carnivorous fish were caught at the highest rate (mean CPUE = 1.34±0.79 kgtrap-1day-1), while the mean CPUE of herbivorous fish was 0.19±0.17 kgtrap-1day-1. In this study, six species of herbivorous fish were observed. Two of them were considered as corallivores: Scarus ghobban and Monacanthus chinensis. This study provides understanding of the interaction of fish trap fisheries and the coral reef ecosystem in terms of the physical damage to coral reefs and the loss of targeted and bycatch species, which may alter the overall ecological function of the coral reef ecosystem.


The aim of this short communication is to raise awareness and provide status of dental quackery in developing countries. Dental quackery can be described as perpetrating like a dental practitioner to provide dental healthcare based on previous clinical attempts. Diseases like HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis (B and C) can vastly spread in a matter of few days through cross-infection. Quacks work in poor hygienic conditions and serve as one of the largest sources of infection spread. Developing countries are mostly affected by such type of quacks due to lack of ample health care facilities and general poverty. It can be concluded that public education and awareness coupled with support of health-care governing bodies can promise a safe and healthy future.


The present study is part of research over metacognition, particularly focused on features of critical thinking (Marzano and Pickering, 2005) by textual reflection after teacher-training. It is intended to respond the question: What characteristics of critical thinking are identified by writing reflection about learning achieved by attending a concrete in-service workshop, and its implementation in the instructional practice of the participants? Research design is descriptive, with a mixed approach. Method is content analysis. Frequency-concentrates of critical thinking features are presented. Outputs indicate that the prevalent feature was to be accurate, then to search for precision and, to a lesser extent, reacting to feelings appropriately and to the knowledge level from others. Limitations were sample size and several writing-skills levels in the participants. It is needed to train instructors on conscious improvement of thinking skills features, so they can perform and to be able to support their students' development.


1. A composition comprising: a) an aromatic component in an amount of from 3 to 40% by weight of the composition, at least 40% of the total weight of which comprise fragrances having the calculated vapor pressure V within the range 0,01≤V≤500 Pa ; b) from 40 to 90% of the total weight of the composition of ethanol; c) from 0.01 to 20% of the total weight of the composition flavor modulator comprising neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, provided that said modulator comprises a fragrance is less than 50% isocetyl alcohol; and d) optionally, water; and wherein the sum of the weights of components a) -d) in the composition is at least 98% by weight kompozitsii.2. A composition comprising: a) an aromatic component in an amount of from 3 to 40% by weight of the composition, at least 40% of the total weight of which comprise fragrances having the calculated vapor pressure is in the range V 0,01≤V≤500 Pa; b ) from 40 to 90% of the total weight of the composition of ethanol; c) from 0.01 to 20% of the total weight of the composition flavor modulator comprising neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, provided that said modulator flavor contains isocetyl alcohol; and d) optionally, water; and wherein the sum of the weights of components a) -d) in the composition is at least 98% by weight kompozitsii.3. Composition according to claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that said perfume comprising 40% or more of the aromatic component selected from the group consisting of the components listed in Table 1.4. Composition according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the flavor modulator comprising neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, present in an amount of between 0.05 and 10% and preferably between 0.5 and 6% by weight kompozitsii.5. A composition according to claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the modulation


This study focused on the reasons retail clients select a bank for the first time in five geographical locations in central South Africa. The most important bank selection criteria were found to relate to the perceived image, reputation, and service quality of the bank. In particular, service quality was found to be important for all the market segments identified. Relatively speaking, pricing factors were deemed unimportant for the respondents, which are explained by the majority of respondents being elderly. The study is unique in that it is the first of its kind conducted in South Africa and paves the way for further studies focusing on why South African clients choose a bank, particularly from a demographic point of view.

 Key words: Bank selection criteria, South Africa, retail banking, reputation.


e13024Background: KIRs are an important receptor in natural killer (NK) cells; these cells play a role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) response due to monoclonal antibodies therapy. It is unknown whether the extensive polymorphism KIRs and/or their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands might influence the response to treatment with monoclonal antibodies (MABs). Methods: We select in this study 39 patients treated with MABs, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-HER/EGFR: Trastuzumab for advanced breast cancer and Cetuximab for advanced colorectal and advanced head and neck cancer). All the patients had progressed to the MABs therapy and were grouped in two groups taking into account the time to treatment failure (TTF) duration ( or = 10m).KIR genotyping (16 polymorphisms) was performed by PCR sequence-specific primer technique and KIR-ligand typing was performed for HLA-B & -C loci by reverse PCRSSO methodology and for HLA-C alleles by direct sequencing....


The polycondensation of N-(O,O-di-n-hexadecyl)phophorylalanine 1 at the air/water interface has been studied. It is found that it can form stable insoluble monolayer (Langmuir film) at the air/water interface. Among the materials collected from the air/water interface, dipeptide derivative was detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the structure was further identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which suggested that there formed the peptide without any coupling reagents. The transmission FT-IR spectra of the subsequent Langmuir-Blogget film (LB film) confirmed the polycondensation of 1 at the air/water interface.


As the desire to seize upon employment opportunities within the United States persists, illegal immigration continues to rise. Some states are disproportionately affected by this phenomenon, and as a result, frustration continues to mount in response to what is perceived as an ineffective attempt by the federal government to regulate illegal immigration. This frustration often manifests itself in states attempting to enact more stringent immigration laws. This Note discusses Arizona's recently enacted state sanctions law, the Legal Arizona Workers Act, currently considered the toughest state employer sanctions law in the country. The law punishes employers who knowingly or intentionally employ illegal immigrants. The law's focus on the employment of illegal immigrants raises federal preemption concerns as the law potentially infringes upon the federal immigration power. Through its analysis, this Note discusses the federal preemption doctrine and its roots, and how it relates to the litigious challenges to the Arizona statute. While addressing the arguments presented by states for the unilateral enactment of state immigration laws, the Note discusses the historical consensus on the exclusive federal power over immigration legislation. This consensus is expressed in constitutional considerations and precedent, and reinforced by the need for uniform immigration laws. In light of this consensus, through an analysis of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit's recent holding which upheld the validity of the Arizona statute under a federal preemption analysis, this Note concurs that the substantive prohibitions and the penalties imposed for violating the Legal Arizona Workers Act are not preempted on the grounds of either express preemption or implied field preemption. However, this Note argues, contrary to the court's holding, that the required use of E-Verify


Recent research in international political economy has begun to explore the implications of producer heterogeneity for trade politics. Variations in productivity and size lead to systematic variations in both market and political behaviors. These similarly lead to systematic variations in policy stances: highly productive firms are more likely to favor trade liberalization than their less productive counterparts. I test the role of firm heterogeneity on trade-policy stances using original survey data of Japanese manufacturers. I find that highly productive firms are more likely to favor liberalization than others, while a large portion of producers is indifferent to trade-policy reform. The relationship between productivity and pro-trade attitudes is robust, even when controlling for a wide range of internationalization methods.


The election for the Irish lower house, Dáil Éireann, took place on 24 May 2007 just over five years after the previous general election in Ireland. The outgoing government was a majority coalition of Fianna Fáil, a successful catch-all party, and the Progressive Democrats (PDs), a small liberal party which had emerged from divisions within Fianna Fáil in the 1980s. That government, which had been in power since 1997, was seen as having successfully overseen the continuation of rapid growth in the Irish economy. The government had been easily returned in a soporific election in 2002, the first time a government had been re-elected since 1969 and the first time ever for a coalition. Indeed, in 2002 Fianna Fáil came close to realising an overall parliamentary majority, something it had not achieved since 1977, and could conceivably have governed on its own with the support of the five 'gene pool' independents – independent TDs (MPs) who originally came from Fianna Fáil but who left when they were not selected as candidates for the party. Despite this, it chose to retain the PDs in a coalition government. The 2002 election was disastrous for Fine Gael, which had failed to act as an effective opposition, and seemed to speed up the process of its long-term decline. The absence of a likely alternative government in 2002 meant that small parties and independents benefited. In the run-up to the 2007 election it seemed it would be held in the context of a continuing successful economy and a nearly concluded peace settlement in Northern Ireland. However the election in 2007 was to be somewhat more difficult for the government. The opposition parties, and particularly Fine Gael, though not having caused the government many problems in the fiveyearDáil term, had recovered in the intervening local andEuropean elections. Additionally, in the immediate run-up to the election a number of large companies announced redundancies and relocations to lower cost countries. A strike by nurses who demanded a 35-hour week and a pay increase added


* Journal of African Languages, a new journal in the field of African Studies, began publication in the Spring of 1962. It is issued three times yearly, and consists of articles in English, French, and German on all aspects of language studies related to the development of scholarship in African Languages. The journal is jointly sponsored by the African Language and Area Center, Michigan State University, and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, with the cooperation of the African Studies Association. Material for publication should be adressed to the Editor, PROFESSOR JACK BERRY, Journal of African Languages, School of Oriental andAfrican Studies, University of London, London W.C. 1, England. Annual subscription is 36s sterling or $ 5.00. Subscriptions should be addressed to Macmillan and Co. Ltd., St. Martin's Street, London W.C. 2, England.


in wave I is observed in the any permanent shift threshold the of the gan-glion's We estimated spiral ganglion density using the wave I amplitude of the auditory brainstem response and compared these responses with variables such as age, audiometric thresholds, and speech discrimination in quiet and in com-peting background noise. Linear mixed models were used to One of the most common complaints expressed by hearing aid patients is their difficulty discriminating speech in the presence of background noise.


We set out to study the incidence of H&N cancers and the stage at presentation as seen in the Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgical Department's Clinic at the Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory (NT), Australia. This letter highlights the data pertaining to the stage of presentation of Head and Neck malignancy among Indigenous and non-Indigenous population in NT.


The purpose of this study is to understand mineral diagenesis authigenic mineral and the effect of climate on mineral of Pleistocene-Holocene sediment deposits in the Southern Kenya Rift. Lake Magadi unique geologic settings are characterized by extreme alkalinity and high silica activities. The mineralogical analysis was achieved by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) applications. The bulk mineralogy (quartz, halite, calcite) is the same on all localities due to similar volcaniclastics compositions throughout the Kenya Rift Valley. The clay mineralogy significantly differ among the groups of sample localities. The differences reflect different tectonic settings and ambient climate regime. In humid climate at higher elevation detrital clay minerals are abundant (feldspars, phillipsite). At lower elevation like Lake Magadi, the clay fractions dominated by authigenic minerals (zeolites and silicate minerals found with zeolites). These results show the potential of clay minerals as terrestrial climate proxies. INDEX WORDS: Clay mineralogy, Zeolites, Lake Magadi, Kenya, Trona, Silicates, Geochemistry, XRD, SEM-EDS, Magadiite, Okenite,


A field experiment was conducted at Experimental farm of ICAR-Indian Maize Research Institute, New Delhi during kharif seasons of two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) to study the growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under different cropping system, residue and nitrogen management. The treatments consisted two cropping system i.e Maize-wheat-mungbean-(MWMb), Maize-mustardmungbean – (MMuMb), two residue management i.e. Permanent beds – without residue (PB-R), Permanent beds – with residue (PB+R) and four nitrogen management practices i.e. Absolute control )refititref oN -F 0), N through PU (Prilled urea) -F 1, N through SCU (S coated urea) -F 2, N through NCU (Neem coated urea)F 3 in split – splitplot design with three replications. Maize variety DHM-117with 20 kg ha seed rate was sown at spacing 67 cm x 20 cm during both the years. Results shows that the variation in plant height of maize was significant between cropping system and recorded maximum plant height with MWMb as MMuMb. With regard to dry matter accumulation and leaf area index, MWMb system gave higher value which was significantly higher than MMuMb cropping system. The SPAD value was higher in MWMb cropping system than MMuMb. The residue incorporaion in permanent beds significantly increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and SPAD value as compared to without residue application in both the years. The highest length and width were found under MWMb cropping system which was significantly superior over MMuMb. Significantly more number of cob per hectare, more number of grains/row and higher test weight were recorded under MWMb cropping system as compared to MMuMb cropping system. Highest yields of grain and straw were recorded under MWMb cropping system over MMuMb cropping system. Residue incorporation caused significant effect on the grain and straw yield. The Residue incorporation in permanent beds of maize yielded higher over without residue in permanent beds. The plant height significantly increased with nitrogen applied by NCU (Neem coated urea) produced taller plants which was significantly on par with SCU (sulphur coated urea) and prilled urea (PU). It was noticed that the application of nitrogen by different sources increased compared with the control treatment. Results also indicated that the application of neem coated urea (NCU) increased the cob length, cob width, number of cobs per hectare and 1000 seed weight of maize plants compared with urea as prilled urea, sulphur coated urea (SCU) source of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of urea from neem coated urea (NCU) produced higher grain, straw and biological yield followed by sulphur coated urea (SCU) and prilled urea (PU) when compared with absolute control. The relative increases in grain yield (128.75, 116.69, 93.20 % and 126.96, 118.83, 93.53 %) and straw yield (91.13, 83.32, 74.85 % and 89.12, 81.59, 73.07 %) in NCU, SCU, PU during 2016 and 2017, respectively.