Abstract Using data obtained from visitors to forest campgrounds, travel cost models were developed. Bid functions and willingness‐to‐pay estimates of recreation value were derived from contingent value questions posed to campers. The willingness‐to‐pay responses were based on both photographic representations of forest scenes and on actual forest conditions at each campground. The photo‐based willingness‐to‐pay estimates were significantly correlated with scenic beauty rating estimates made for photo‐based scenes, but there was little correlation between these values and willingness‐to‐pay estimates for actual forest conditions, or estimates from travel cost models. Further, no correlation was found between travel cost estimates and contingent value estimates of the value of forest conditions on‐site. The findings raise questions about the validity and comparability of willingness‐to‐pay measures that are applied to particular types of forest recreation situations.


This report documents the programme and the outcome of Dagstuhl Seminar 15451 "Verification of Evolving Graph Structures". The aim was to bring together researchers from different communities (shape analysis, separation logic, graph transformation, verification of infinite-state systems) who are interested in developing techniques for the analysis of graph manipulations, i.e., methods that are able to handle the challenges that arise in current verification problems. Apart from scientific talks, the programme also included four tutorial talks and four working groups, which are summarized in this report. Seminar November 1–6, 2015 – http://www.dagstuhl.de/15451 1998 ACM Subject Classification D.2.4 Software/Program Verification, F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs, F.4.2 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems


This paper presents a model for freeway traffic flow simulation and prediction. The model uses cellular automation theory to model complex traffic behavior. The advantage of the cellular automata approach is that the roadway to be modeled is quantized into simple homogeneous cells, time is quanitzed into discrete steps, and physical quantities take on a finite set of values. Also, the state of the cells is updated at each discrete timestep by using a vehicle update algorithm that combines a few vehicle motion models, governed by a relatively small set of parameters. Then vehicles just move one or several cells at each discrete timestep according to the self-defined rule. This approach makes the computer operation feasible. At last, the paper puts forward a suppose that if the simulation system is equiped with the self-study system of NN (neural network) module according to the statistical data from the transducer fixed on the freeway, it can predict the traffic status ahead of 10 minutes.


The ancient Greek spent many hours in the bath using fragrance and make-up, in an effort to make them beautiful and be presentable to others. Personal hygiene may be described as the principle of maintaining cleanliness of the body. Children should be taught the importance of hygiene as early as possible. Hence, caregivers (or) elder children can teach children regarding personal hygiene like dental care, eye care, hand care & skin care. The child to child approach in newly introduced concept, which has great importance in the health aspect. Aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of child-to-child approach on knowledge and practices of personal hygiene in children. Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 90 school children selected by purposive non probability sampling technique in Government Schools of Gajjukhera, Rajpura, Distt. Patiala, Punjab. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and structured observational checklist on procedure of tooth brushing, hand washing and personal hygiene. Findings revealed that there was significant increase in mean post-test knowledge and practices scores of experimental group I & II (Child to child approach and planned teaching programme) than control group regarding personal hygiene. The computed values of post test knowledge scores, practice of tooth brushing, hand washing technique & regarding personal hygiene (F 87 =117.055: p<0.052) (F 87 =307.959:p<0.58) (F 87 =340.797: p<0.825), (F 87 =225.97: p<0.052) respectively which shows it is significant. It revealed that child to child is effective in increasing knowledge and practices of personal hygiene of schoolchildren age 10-12 years.


Etogram is a tool that allows to know all the behavioral activities of a certain animal.
It is through this mode of observation that a behavioral repertoire of a species can be
elaborated. In this study we aimed to investigate and list the main behavioral categories of
Camponotus comatulus developed outside the nest. For this, six nests of this ant were
selected, in an area of cerrado located to Northeast of the State of Maranhao. However during
the observations, in each nest, individuals (soldiers and workers) were collected, packed in
75% alcohol and taken to the Soil Arthropods Laboratory for taxonomic validation, with the
help of dichotomous keys. Samples of these ants will be assembled for deposit in the
Invertebrate Collection of the Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences. For the
description of the behavioral categories it was one-hour observations, using the focal
sampling method applied every five minutes for each observation hour interval. Each nest was
observed four times, totaling 24 hours of observation for the six nests. During the
observations were made measurements of humidity and temperatures were made using a
digital thermometer plotted near the nests. The monitoring of the activity outside the nest
allowed the quantification of the distance of the area of use, using for this tape measure. In the
study area Camponotus comatulus has a rhythm of activity outside the most intense nest
between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. The maximum distance of the area of use observed was 8,70
meters and it was possible to identify five behavioral categories: exploration, feeding,
communication, defense and cleaning.


Polysemy is an important and pervasive semantic phenomenon in Chinese;the task of word sense induction is to classify words with the same semantics in different contexts,which is a clustering problem essentially.Currently,unsupervised clustering algorithm has been widely used in its research.In this paper,an improved method of k-means was proposed,which mainly improved the selection of initial cluster centers and the calculation of cluster centroid and overcame the "noise" and the sensitivity of isolated point in data to some extent.Another idea was to use the classification coding of word in Tongyici Cilin to reduce the feature dimension.The experimental results show that the performance has great improvement with the improved k-means,of which the F-Score reached 75.8%.


Carbonate skeletons of fossil marine organisms are widely used to reconstruct palaeoceanographic parameters. Specifically, the geochemistry of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnite rostra is traditionally interpreted to represent near sea-surface seawater properties. More recently, an increasing number of workers, have reported significant scatter in geochemical data (e.g., δ18O, δ13C, element/Ca ratio) when comparing rostra from the same stratigraphic level or within a single belemnite rostrum. This scatter is not explained by differential diagenetic overprint alone. Here we report petrographic evidence on the primary ultrastructure of rostra of Megateuthis (Middle Jurassic) and Belemnitella and Gonioteuthis (Late Cretaceous). The biogenic ultrastructure consists of a filigree framework of triaxial branches and tetrahedrons of variable size forming a honeycomb-like network. Data presented here suggest that these rostra yielded as much as 50 to 90% primary pore space. On the level of a working hypothesis and in analogy with modern cephalopods we propose that the pore space was formerly filled with body fluid and/or organic compounds during the life time of these organisms. Intra-rostral porosity was post mortem occluded by earliest diagenetic isopachous calcite cements of a non-biogenic origin. These may have been precipitated due to increased alkalinity related to the decay of organic matter. If this holds true, then the resulting fabric represents a composite biogenic/abiogenic structure. In order to optically separate the two calcite phases forming a single calcite fibre, we employed a wide range of state-of-the-art analytical tools to thin sections and ultra-thin sections of well-preserved specimens. Pending a verification of these well-supported ultrastructural data by means of high-resolution geochemical analyses from biogenic and abiogenic phases, we suggest that these findings have significance for those using belemnite rostra as archives of their palaeoenvironment. Dr. René Hoffmann Ruhr Universität Bochum Department of Earth Sciences Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Geophysics Branch Paleontology Universitätsstrasse 150, Building NA2/132 44801 Bochum Germany E-Mail: email@example.com Bochum 2016-05-30


NA. Hydralazine produced small reductions in diastolic pressure, which were accompanied by an increase in heart rate of 25.5 beats min (P < 0.01 when compared to placebo) and in plasma NA of 223 pg ml- '(P < 0.05). Plasma NA, PRA and heart rate increased together and may be regarded as three interdependent indices of sympathetic activity. the degree of increase of plasma NA, PRA and heart rate per unit fall in pressure, when compared to phenoxybenzamine and hydralazine. The effect of and hydralazine on the degree of consistent the hypothesis that produces selective postsynaptic al-adrenoceptor blockade in therefore produces relatively less tachycardia NA a non-selective a-adrenoceptor antagonist (phenoxybenzamine) or an arteriolar vasodilator (hydralazine).


One of the key limitations in medical impedance imaging and bio-impedance measurements is common-mode errors. We present an integrated common-mode feedback topology which reduces these errors for use in a bio-imaging system for in-vivo monitoring of neonate lung function (10–200 kHz current injection frequency). A frequency-selective feedback network is described which reduces the common-mode voltage due to electrode impedance mismatch at the input of the differential amplifier. The theory and key design blocks are presented. The circuit was implemented in a 5-V 0.35-µm CMOS technology, occupying an area of 0.75 mm2 and dissipating about 20 mW. Experiments were conducted using, an RC model of the electrodes, and ECG electrodes on the forearm to demonstrate the working of the integrated circuit. Measured results show that the common-mode signal is reduced by 85%, 75%, 70% and 65% at 10kHz, 50kHz, 100 kHz and 200 kHz, respectively.


The main objective of doing this paper was to explore the general trends and directions in the Egyptian Stock exchange (as a leading stock exchange in the Middle East), regarding earnings management. The paper investigates some of the main factors and identifies the main items that could be used by the management of different firms in several sectors, to manage earnings in order to achieve various goals and could at the same time mislead many stakeholders who are affected by such decisions. This was a qualitative research study. A large scale survey was carried to help achieve the main objective of this paper. Data analysis was done by responses tabulation and frequency rate analysis and partially represented by diagrams. The main findings of the survey could be summarized as follows. First, the respondents broadly consider the financial statements provided by the firms operating within the Egyptian Stock Exchange context to be of considerable reliability. Second, the respondents, in general, believe that many firms operating in the Egyptian Stock Exchange adopt a variety of earnings management practices for various reasons, amongst which are to affect stock prices upwards. The third survey finding was that, in general the respondents believe that the management of some firms could and do use some accounting items in their earnings management practices. Finally, in order to reduce the probability of earnings management, a general consensus that the government and the concerned authorities should exercise a more tight supervision (e.g., through enforcing corporate governance regulations, and resolving corporate agency problems on a more fair basis, though without stifling the initiatives by responsible market players) over public companies in order to protect the general public from probable technical manipulations that could result in earnings management along with other practices that could mislead the public or endanger a firm's investors position, wealth, or potential profits.


The 125I‐labelled fibrinogen test has been used to assess the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in 88 patients who had undergone elective aorto‐iliac reconstruction. Deep venous thrombosis was detected in 18 (20·5 per cent). The results suggest that these patients merit prophylaxis.


Irritant contact dermatitis is a very common disease that i. preventable by protective measures The development of screening methods to identify subject with increased susceptibility in irritants is essential in reduce the incidence of this disorder in the workplace On the outlook for such methods. 2 quick non‐invasive tests for irritability of the skin were compared to reliable, but time‐consuming, patch testing with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) In 20 healthy volunteers, 0.5% SLS was applied on the medial 1/3 of the forearm for 23 h in order to induce experimental irritant contact dermatitis. On the same part of the forearm, 3 concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and a solution of 0.2 mol/1 NaOH were applied for 5 min. Assessment of skin irritability was made by visual scoring and measurement of transepidermal water loss. No correlation between the "Quick tests" and SLS patch testing was found, indicating that tests assess different mechanisms of irritation.


Participation banks have been operating as a third kind of banks as well as deposit banks and development/investment banks in Turkish Banking System since 1985. Participation banks are operating according to Islamic principles. Therefore, they do not use interest in collecting and utilizing funds processes instead use profit/loss sharing model in these processes. The amount of allocated funds by participation banks and the share of participation banks in allocated funds have increased in the banking sector especially since 2002. The profit/loss method that is one of the methods on allocated funds by participation banks in the banking sector is the most important method contribution to the real economy. Nevertheless, the share of allocated funds on the basis of the profit/loss method is very low in the total allocated funds. In this case shows that participation banks despite of passing 30 years after its founding could not provide yet the expected contribution to the real sector of Turkish economy.


Summary and conclusions The mouse has been found to exhibit signs of an anaphylac-toid reaction to partially hydrolyzed dex-trans of 41,000 and 80,000 average molecular weight. In the unanesthetized animal the reaction was characterized by minimal clinical symptoms and markedly increased capillary permeability detected by T-1824 blueing of the skin, but in animals under barbiturate anesthesia it resulted in cyanosis and death. The reaction was prevented by epinephrine, ether, and Phenergan, and was not evoked by administration of other plasma volume expanders. An anaphylactoid reaction to dextran has previously been encountered only in the rat. The comparatively innocuous nature of the reaction in the unanesthetized mouse undoubtedly accounts for its having gone generally unnoticed in this animal. We suggest that the mouse is not the most suitable experimental animal for use in evaluating LMWD as a therapeutic agent, as the anaphylactoid reaction may interfere with and confuse the interpretation of any possible therapeutic effects.


Supplementary data l http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2012/11/11/rsif.2012.0774.DC1.htm "Data Supplement" References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/78/20120774.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 28 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (97 articles) systems biology  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top


Abstract Without units, there are no boundaries; and without boundaries, there are no units. Traditional linguistics takes units such as sentences and intonation phrases for granted, treating them as static. Interactional linguistics has reconfigured many of these units, treating them as emergent, focusing on their evolution in time, and how they implement social actions. A productive line of research of interactional linguistics has been this tension between conventional linguistic units and units of (and for) interaction (Reed and Beatrice 2013; Ogden and Walker 2013). The cesura approach (Barth-Weingarten 2016) focuses on the constitution of phonetic-prosodic discontinuities, which give rise to boundaries, "cesuras", which it treats as a continuum from "no cesura" through "candidate cesuras" of various strengths, to "full cesuras". However, there are also elements of spoken interaction whose unit-hood is not obvious at all levels of description; and it is a subset of these that form the focus of this article. We illustrate this with extracts of multimodal talk where two interactants taste and assess unfamiliar food and produce the token "mm". We show how the alignment (and non-alignment) of boundaries of sequential, prosodic, gestural, lexical, and syntactic units can be a semiotic resource. Data are obtained from Chilean Spanish.


Qualitative legal research aims to study things in their natural settings, understand and interpret their social realities and provide inputs on various aspects of social life. It focuses on people's feelings, perceptions, and experiences. It differs from quantitative research in matters of nature of data, theoretical basis, and kinds of tools employed for data collection. The combination of two methods brings synergy. Worthy features of qualitative legal research consist of description of social setting, interpretation of social data, verification of assumptions, and evaluation of policies. Its steps include framing of specific questions, choice of data collection tools, sampling, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. This method allows for a mature understanding of the problematic world.


The invention relates to a measuring device for determining the displacement of a moving object beard, in cooperation with a graduation element (13) which is mechanically connected to the object of which is to determine the displacement. The scale element (13) includes at least a track (15) which is formed from a plurality of successive grating strips (16) located transversely to the direction of movement of the object. The measuring device (1) comprises a radiation source (3), a detector (7) and a reflective optical system comprising at least a collimating element (5) comprises. The reflective optical system guides the radiation from the radiation source (3) to the scale element (13) and turns it into an elongated beam of radiation of which is parallel on average in the cross section perpendicular to the grating strips (16).


Aim: To find out the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss among children with pyogenic meningitis. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Ziauddin university hospital during the period of July 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: About 96 participants were enrolled in the study between the age group of one month up to 12 years. Patients were included on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory findings of pyogenic meningitis. An expert audiologist performed the brainstem evoked response audiometry test before discharging the patient from the hospital. For data analysis SPSS version20 was used. All the quantitative variables were calculated as mean with standard deviation while qualitative data were presented as frequency and percentages. To find out association between variables, the Mann Whitney U-test and chi-square test was applied while P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Original Research Article Baig et al.; JPRI, 33(29A): 186-190, 2021; Article no.JPRI.68273 187 Results: Mean age with standard deviation was 6.8 ±2.3. Majority of the study participants were boys (57%). The frequency of sensorineural hearing loss was 17%. It was more among females than their male counter parts that was 64.7% and 35.3% respectively but no significant association was reported. The younger age group was having higher frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (47.1%), followed by the age group of 6-8 years (29.4%) and the very small number of participants were affected from the age group of 9-12 years (23.5%) but all the age groups were having no significant association with frequency of hearing loss. Conclusion: It can be concluded that sensorineural hearing loss is the most common complication reported among the children with pyogenic meningitis in current setup so there is a need of early evaluation of hearing problems in all patients diagnosed with pyogenic meningitis.


In this study, we developed a real-time executing source location system for anisotropic thin structures such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) tanks. The system consists of AE sensors, an A/D converter on a PC and a computer with proprietary software. We suggest two algorithms to realize the real-time executing source location. The first algorithm is a frequency filtering algorithm utilizing a fast continuous wavelet transform. The second algorithm is a fast source location calculation algorithm for unidirectional anisotropic structures. In the second algorithm, the affine coordinate transform is used. The calculation time for each source location is reduced to 1ess than 15 ms with reasonable accuracy.


Fruits of a commercial cultivar of sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) were harvested at four stages of maturity to evaluate the practical maximum postharvest storage during 1998 and 1990. Fruits were harvested at four stages of maturity which corresponded to 6 th October, 19 th October, 4 th November, 29 th November in 1998 and 1 st October, 15 th October and 29 th October in 1999, respectively. Fruits were held at 2 ±1 o C and 95 % relative humidity for a period of twenty weeks. Fruit firmness, titrable acidity (TA), soluble tannin and vitamin C content significantly decreased with increasing maturity, while pH and soluble solid concentrations (SSC) increased. After storage, fruit harvested at all stages of maturity had higher pH, SSC, weight loss, and breakdown, but lower TA, firmness, vitamin C and soluble tannins as compared with their quality attributes at harvest. The least weight loss (less than 10 percent) during twenty weeks storage occurred in fruits harvested at the early stage of maturity (first harvest ), compared to other harvest dates. Fruit firmness, SSC and vitamin C content were also best in the same order for the first harvest. However, at the end of storage period, total soluble tannins were remarkably high in fruit harvested at the early stage of maturity. In contrast, harvesting fruit at early maturity stage (i.e., SSC around 13 % and fruit firmness of 15 kg/cm 2 ) was found to be the best stage for minimising a postharvest loss and maintaining a marketable persimmon fruit quality product for short term storage.


Cognitive poetics provides a new way of understanding literature in applying the theories of cognitive linguistics to the interpretation of literary texts.It sees literature not just as a matter for the few elitists,but as a specific form of everyday human experience and cognition.In this paper,we apply the figure/ground segregation theory and the script theory of cognitive linguistics to the interpretation of four classic poems of the Tang poet Wang Wei and the Song poets Qin Guan,Liu Yong and Yan Jidao,and we propose a five-stage script for the LOVE scenario as depicted in classical Chinese poems.We take this as a worthwhile attempt to combine the western cognitive poetic theories with the interpretation of classical Chinese poems.


For the problem of classification and identification of defects in polyethylene (PE) gas pipelines, this paper firstly performs preliminary screening of the acquired images and acquisition efficiency of defective image acquisition was improved. Images of defective PE gas pipelines were pre-processed. Then, edge detection of the defective images was performed using the improved Sobel algorithm and an adaptive threshold segmentation method was applied to segment the defects in the pipeline images. Finally, the defect images were morphologically processed to obtain binary images. The obtained binary images were applied with VGG16 to complete the training of the defect classifier. The experimental findings show that in the TensorFlow API environment, the test set's highest accuracy reached 97%, which can achieve the identification of defect types of underground PE gas transmission pipelines.


This thesis project takes place in the context of heavy-duty gas turbines production, evolution and upgrades. Given the trends going more and more towards higher output powers in order to satisfy the energy demand, increased efficiencies and lower emissions to deal with the stringent regulations imposed by the Countries concerning environment on the one hand and the necessity to guarantee a machine life as long as possible to amortise its capital cost on the other one, the partial re-design of old generation machines to make them competitive on the market with new generation ones becomes predominant. The focus of the present thesis is centred on a machine, the FIAT TG20 B7/8, whose original design dates back to the Seventies, moreover many turbo-gas plants all over the world still present this machine. The main objective is to carry out an analysis of the machine able to pave the way for all the modifications necessary to increase power and efficiency, identifying the most important parameters to act on, perform simple and low-cost yet effective and well-studied changes and deal with the possible critical issues which could be generated from the latter. The starting point has been a series of sensitivity analyses, conducted from a mean-line standpoint, in order to understand the behaviour of the machine, the final assessment has been to increase the turbine inlet temperature by an amount consistent to the turbine components materials resistance and to reduce the cooling mass flow rate. Even though this action may appear as a countersense, it must be specified that in the original design a not so high attention was paid to all the possible leakages which could come from the cooling circuit, therefore the idea behind that has been to reduce the cooing mass flow rates where not needed, to reduce the leakages and to keep the necessary ones possibly unchanged coherently to the mechanical part creep and overtemperature resistance. Consequently the cooling system has been deeply analysed in order to find the critical spots and strategies able to reach the above-mentioned target, still applying slight modifications on the mechanical parts, which do not represent a problem from the manufacturing, mounting or cost point of view. The last part consists instead in a sort of validation of all the work previously done, in fact the same machine has been studied by using two completely different soft-wares. One of them, which dates back to the Seventies as well, is able to perform the analysis just from a mean-line standpoint and all the characteristics of the machine have to be input manually, starting from drawings. The other one, a more modern software, is able to perform both a mean-line and a streamline analysis where the geometry of the machine can be directly acquired from 3-D CAD models. The stream-line approach becomes then important for the thermo-structural validation of the work. The two of them have been compared from a mean-line point of view, leading to outputs which deviate by a small, fixed amount, considering different turbine inlet temperatures and cooling conditions. All the considerations and analyses made in this work will then lead to a relatively new machine, able to compete with new generations ones.


Department of Science and Humanities, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore – 641008, Tamil Nadu, India; firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Master of Computer Applications, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore – 641008, Tamil Nadu, India; email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore – 641008, Tamil Nadu, India; email@example.com


The present application discloses a solar cell including a substrate, a film layer formed on the substrate surface GaInAs-based batteries and battery-yl GaInAs and AlGaInP film bonded / (Al) GaInP / GaInNAs (Sb) / GaInNAs (Sb) four-junction cell layer. The present invention also discloses a method for manufacturing a solar cell. Compared with the conventional battery, the present invention integrates a battery-yl GaInAs layer and AlGaInP / (Al) GaInP / GaInNAs (Sb) / GaInNAs (Sb) coating layer four junction cells, five junction efficient and cost-bonded laminate formed after solar cell structure with better match the solar spectrum, thereby enhancing the conversion efficiency of the battery.


The combination of thermogravimetry and mass spectrum(TG-MS) was systematically investigated,which included the feasibility and reliability,the effect of heating at the connection,and the system errors.The feasibility and reliability of this system were measured with the standard samples of calcium oxalate,and such instniments as AT1-CAHN made TG-151 pressarized thermogravimetry and Balzers made Omristar on line mass spectrum analyzer.Results show that there are no time delay and steam condensation in the process of heating,and that the flow rate is greatly increased,These demonstrate that the heating is effective and can satisfy the experiment requirements.The results of system error analysis show that the data derived from TG and MS have better repetitions and smaller system errors,and are more precise,These suggest that the combination of TG and MS is optimum.The combination of thermogravimetry and mass spectrum-a very effective approach,can be applied not only to the substance analysis of its composition and structure characteristics,but also to the research of substance pyrolysis mechanism.


Lupinus albus cv. 'Ultra' was grown in a controlled environment at two humidity levels (4 mbar vapour pressure deficit (vpd) day and night; 13 mbar vpd day and 10 mbar night). Water was restricted at one of five growth stages and seed yield and yield components were measured. Water stress after flowering reduced seed yield compared with well-watered control. Preflowering stress treatments reduced seed yield under low humidity but not under high humidity. Pod number was the main yield component affected. Early stress reduced pod numbers more than did late stress, which reduced numbers of seeds per pod and nitrogen percentage of seed. Stress stimulated seed growth. Number of flowers formed was higher under low humidity. Apart from the preflowering treatments, low humidity did not significantly reduce total seed yield or pod numbers, although main stem yield and pod number tended to be reduced.


Shamir (1991: 405) noted that 'current reviews of work-motivation theories are unanimous in their dissatisfaction with the state-of-the-art'. He concluded that existing theories offer an inadequate account of the impetus of employ ment and should be 'supplemented by a self-concept based theory of work motivation'. This paper suggests that the concept of ideology can provide a foundation for this kind of theory. First, it attempts to elucidate the explanatory power of the concept of ideology in the context of understanding the effective performance of organizational members. Second, it indicates how ideology can be shown to address the issues of organizational dynamism which Shamir found to be problematic. Third, it shows how the nature of ideologic, in con junction with the substance of ideological belief, offers an explanation of the variety to be found in organizational behaviour.


ABSTRACTBackground: Infection is a disease caused by pathogenic microbes and is very dynamic. ISPA is defined as an acute respiratory disease caused by infectious agents that were transmitted from human to human. One of the microbes that caused ISPA is Streptococcus pyogenes, which is a gram-positive bacteria and belongs to Streptococcus sp. β-hemolytic class A. Nowadays, many people are begin to use natural materials to deal with microbial infections. One of them is the betel leaf (Piper betle Linn.) Which has antibacterial and antibiotic components for the treatment of respiratory problems, and bacterial infectious diseases.Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim to know the antibacterial activity of betel leaves (Piper betle Linn) decoction against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Methods: This research used true experimental design with Posttest Only Control Design, and data analysis with One Way Anova and Least Significant Deference (LSD). Betel leaves decoction water is made in concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, then tested on Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with two replicates and four repetitions.Result: From a total of 40 data obtained, the mean diameter of the inhibitory zone at each concentrations is 20% 0 mm, 40% 12.9 mm, 60% 22.7 mm, 80% 25.5 mm, and 100% 30 mm.Conclution: Betel leaves decoction water is able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes with significant difference of drag zone diameter at each concentration.  Keywords: Antibacterial, Betel Leaves, Streptococcus pyogenes


ABSTRACT Phenylbutazone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat horses for musculoskeletal disorders, can cause adverse effects in humans and is therefore not permitted for use in food-producing animals in the EU. In recent years some equine and bovine samples have been found to be non-compliant. While physicochemical methods of analysis exist there is a need for less-expensive, rapid screening methods such as immunoassays. This study describes the production of antisera to detect phenylbutazone and its main metabolite, oxyphenylbutazone. Four haptens were chosen for immunogen preparation and two of these, suxibuzone and γ-hydroxyphenylbutazone, produced antisera with 50% of maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50s) of <5 ng mL−1 for phenylbutazone. Antisera with IC50s of 5.5 ng mL−1 for phenylbutazone and 5.6 ng mL−1 for oxyphenylbutazone were produced by their respective haptens. The figures suggest that the antisera could deliver detection capabilities below the concentration that is recommended by the Community Reference Laboratory (5 ng mL−1).


The article examines the application of diagnostic schemes for technological processes. On the basis of the Bernstein-Russell-Narinyani theorem, we obtain assumptions about correct and defective technological processes.


Techniques in convex analysis and the theory of conjugate -Functions are studied. characterization of locally co--.,iDac4-convex sets in locally convex spaces is given in ter-ms of nonempty relative interiors o-J'--the corresponding polar sets. This result is extended in a detailed Investigation ofthe relationships bet,,.reen relative continuity points of convex functions and local compactness properties of t.-.e level sets of corresponding conjugate functions. 1. Notation and basic def initions This section assixmes a knowledge of topological vector spaces and only serves to recall some concepts in functional analysis which are relevant for optimization theory. The extended real line [--,+-] is denoted bv 1 . O-Qerations in T have the usual meaning -vith the additional convention that


In the present study, it will be shown that at vanishingly small Reynolds numbers the extensional behavior of a fluid has a strong effect on its kinematics when flowing through a tapered slit die. To show this, the Cauchy equations of motion were simplified using the creeping flow approximation. Assuming the flow to be steady, laminar, two-dimensional, and incompressible, the governing PDEs were reduced to a set of coupled ODEs using a series solution in terms of the powers of 1/r. Two different constitutive equations, both incorporating an extensional parameter, were used in the analysis: (i) the Giesekus model and (ii) the Simplified Phan-Thien-Tanner (SPTT). An analytical solution was found for each fluid model clearly depicting the strong influence of the extensional parameter on the flow becoming non-radial within the channel.


Abstract. Gonioctena tredecimmaculata (Jacoby, 1888) is redescribed and two new species, G. ohmomoi sp. nov. and G. riyuetanensis sp. nov., are described from Taiwan. Gonioctena tredecimmaculata var. taiwanensis (Achard, 1924) is removed from synonymy with G. tredecimmaculata and raised to the species level. The larva of G. tredecimmaculata is described in detail and compared with that of G. taiwanensis.


Objective:To study correlation among cardiac function,cytokines and serum CA125 level in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods: According to symptoms,a total of 136 CHD patients(CHD group) were divided into stable angina pectoris(SAP) group(n=82) and unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group(n=54);according to number of stenotic vessels,CHD patients were divided into single vessel coronary disease(SVD) group(n=41),double vessel coronary disease(DVD) group(n=46) and multiple vessel coronary disease(MVD) group(n=49);according to NYHA cardiac function,CHD patients were divided into NYHA classⅠgroup(n=31),classⅡgroup(n=44),classⅢgroup(n=37) and classⅣgroup(n=24).Another 69 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group.Levels of serum CA125,BNP,hsCRP,homocysteine(Hcy) and LVEF were compared among these groups,and correlation among cardiac function,cytokines and serum CA125 was analyzed.Results: Compared with healthy control group,there were significant increase in levels of serum CA125,BNP,hsCRP and Hcy,and significant decrease in LVEF in CHD group(P0.05 or 0.01);compared with SAP group,there were significant increase in levels of CA125,BNP and hsCRP,and significant decrease in LVEF in UAP group(P0.05 or 0.01);levels of serum CA125,BNP and hsCRP gradually increased and LVEF gradually decreased from SVD group,DVD group to MVD group in order(F=5.12,6.31,7.83,5.64,P0.05);levels of serum CA125,BNP and hsCRP gradually increased and LVEF gradually decreased from NYHA class Ⅰ group,class Ⅱ group,class Ⅲ group to class Ⅳ group in order(F=5.39,6.23,6.74,5.14,P0.05);Serum CA125 level was positively correlated with pathological score,number of coronary disease vessels,NYHA class,levels of BNP and hsCRP(r=0.41,0.45,0.52,0.56,0.49,P0.05),and negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.47,P0.05).Conclusion:Excessive secretion of CA125 could aggravate patient′s condition and cardiac function through interaction with hsCRP and BNP.


Macroscopic readjustment and control law is the most important part of economic law and the hot spot of economic research. The research methods on macroscopic readjustment and control law are connected with the understanding on macroscopic readjustment and control economy since this concept originated in economic concept. Questions on concepts, system,values and liabilities of macroscopic readjustment and control law could be reasonably and correctly answered only after analyzing economic concept of macroscopic readjustment and control.


The aim of the present study is to assess the possible protective effects of thymol and carvacrol against cisplatin (CP)‐induced nephrotoxicity. A single dose of CP {6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)} injected to male rats revealed significant increases in serum urea, creatinine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. It also increased kidney contents of malondialdehyde and caspase‐3 activity with significant reduction in serum albumin, kidney content of reduced glutathione as well as catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity as compared to that of the control group. In contrast, administration of thymol {20 mg/kg, orally (p.o.)} and/or carvacrol (15 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days before CP injection and for 7 days after CP administration restored the kidney function and examined oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, thymol was more effective nephroprotective than carvacrol. Moreover, a combination of thymol and carvacrol had a synergistic nephroprotective effect that might be attributed to antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.


Background: The significance of the crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems during inflammatory diseases has recently been appreciated. We examined the role of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a subunit of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor complex in immune-mediated liver injury. Methods: RAMP1-knockout (RAMP1 -/- ) mice or their wild-type counterparts (WT) were treated with Concanavalin A (Con A). The levels of RAMP1, ALT, TNFα, IFNγ and monocytes/macrophages were measured and compared. Results: Hepatic mRNA levels of RAMP1 were enhanced and RAMP1 was expressed in hepatic and splenic macrophages. Compared with WT, RAMP1 -/- mice exhibited higher levels of ALT and necrotic area at 24 h after Con A treatment. The numbers of CD68- and Ly6C-positive cells at 24 h in RAMP1 -/- liver were greater than those in WT mice. Ly6C high /CD11b high cells in RAMP1 -/- livers were increased as compared WT livers. The levels of TNFα and IFNγ at 1 h in liver and spleen from RAMP1 -/- mice were increased as compared with WT mice. Deletion of macrophages with clodronate liposomes decreased ALT levels at 24 h in both genotypes as compared with vehicle, which was associated with down-regulation of TNFα and IFNγ at 1 h together with reduction in hepatic CD68- and Ly6C-positive cells at 24 h. In vitro, CGRP reduced TNFα and IFNγ from isolated hepatic and splenic macrophages stimulated with Con A in WT mice, but not in RAMP1 -/- mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that RAMP1 in macrophages suppresses Con A-induced liver injury through reduction in cytokines and accumulation of inflammatory cells.


The invitation to contribute to the history of the Association of Jewish Libraries (AJL) came as a surprise to me, as I was only in high school when the Association was founded. Although I was privileged to play a part in Judaica library automation during the past decade, I could only document the earliest interest of AJL members in various aspects of computerization from an analysis of the Association's early publications, supplemented to some extent by interviews.


The recent discovery of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS and CMS exper- iments and the subsequent measurements of it properties are the latest vindications of the Standard Model of particle physics. The SM has a number of well known flaws, and the continuing dearth of Beyond the Standard Model signatures from experiment has led to investigations into whether the SM is valid up to very high scales. The motivation for much of this work comes from the quartic Higgs coupling λ and its β function, which run to an extremely small values at high scales. These may be hints of new UV dynamics, in particular the Multiple Point Principle which posits the existence of a second degenerate minimum in the effective potential at the Planck scale, and Asymptotic Safety, where the dimensionless couplings of the potential run towards an interacting UV fixed point. In this work we will investi- gate the possibility for similar high scale boundary conditions in extensions of the Standard Model. Specifically, we look at the Real Singlet model, the Complex Sin- glet model, the Type-II Two Higgs Doublet Model, and the Inert Doublet Model. We will apply the relevant theoretical constraints to the parameter space of theses models, as well as experimental constraints such as those from ATLAS, CMS, LEP, the Tevatron, WMAP, Planck and LUX. Points that pass these constraints will also be investigated for their validity under a number of high scale boundary conditions on its scalar sector, and the valid parameter space will be checked for signatures in the mass spectrum that can be probed by current and future collider experiments.


We show in this article the first full three dimensional measurements of switching fields of a nanometer-scale magnetic particle. The field direction dependence of the switching fields can be successfully described by the uniform rotation model. Nevertheless, we could see that the Stoner–Wohlfarth form for the anisotropy function, which is often assumed together with the uniform rotation model, is an oversimplification. In order to reproduce the measured fields, one has to take into account higher order anisotropy terms. The complete form of the anisotropy function seems to be accessible only by magnetic measurements on each individual nanoparticle.


Twenty seven adult/sub-adult lowland leopard frogs (Rana yavapaiensis), two larval lowland leopard frogs, two adult Chirichahua leopard frogs (Rana chiricahuensis), and two adult canyon tree frogs (Hyla arenicolor) collected from populations experiencing mortality events at eight sites were found to have characteristic lesions of chytrid fungus infection (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). The mortalities occurred during December 1992 and between October and February in 1997–98 and December and February in 1998–99. Gross lesions varied from none to diffuse reddening of the skin of the abdomen, pelvic area, and legs. Microscopic lesions were characteristic of those previously reported for the disease and included diffuse epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and colonization of the keratinized layers of the epidermis by sporangia of the chytrid. Bacterial cultures did not yield a primary pathogenic agent. Virus isolation from frog tissues was negative. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidiswas isolated from the skin of two of 10 R. yavapaiensisand one of two H. arenicolorcultured following necropsy. An additional nine of 11 clinically affected or dead R. yavapaiensisfrom the same locations, but not necropsied, were culture positive for B. dendrobatidis.


Combining Kasparov's theorem of Voiculesu and Cuntz's description of $KK$-theory in terms of quasihomomorphisms, we give a simple construction of the Kasparov product. This will be used in a more general context of locally convex algebras in order to treat products of certain universal cycles.


This article first introduces a new method of characterization of expansive clays after oedometer test results performed on intact saturated clay specimens. On the presumed expansive clays specimens, oedometer tests are preceded by the free swelling test from which the swelling pressure is measured. From current oedometer test results carried out on expansive and non-expansive clays, the ratio of compression index (Cc) by the swelling index (Cs) was determined. A threshold value of the ratio Cc/Cs was identified to distinguish between expansive clay specimens and non-expansive clay specimens. Second, a novel mitigation method of the swelling phenomena was validated by performing oedometer tests on expansive clay specimens preceding the measurement of swelling pressure. Oedometer tests performed on a 53% thickness clay specimen overlaid by a 47% thickness of sand showed a significant reduction of the swelling pressure compared to that measured on a full expansive clay specimen. The mitigation solution reduced the swelling effect by placing a compacted granular layer as an interface between the expansive clay and the foundation. This solution has been adopted and approved in forthcoming a lightweight building construction at the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis City.


We imagined and tested 61 methods to measure the height of a building using a smartphone and everyday low-cost equipment. This open question forces students to explore various fields of physics and confront them with experimental questions such as the validity of a model, the notion of uncertainty, and precision. It allows them to compare different experiments, and can be shaped into various pedagogical scenarios, engaging students in a concrete task, outside of the lab, easily set up at almost zero cost.


"Those who choose to stay" is a qualitative exploratory study compromised of four LGBT youth from rural towns in East Tennessee. These young adults were recruited through LGBT listservs, pride festivals, and word of mouth. Each young adult was interviewed over the course of one to three hours. The interviews were then transcribed and coded using Atlas.ti software, allowing codes to surface from the text. Four main themes were discovered: religious atmosphere, family, coming out, and peer networks. Religious atmosphere was generally found to be a destructive part of these youths' environments, making them fear for their safety and worry about coming out to their families and friends. The very conservative type of religion particular to the geographic area also acted as a barrier to one's own coming out: instilling shame, undermining feelings of self-worth, and causing friction among family members. However, the majority of these youth were able to maintain relationships with their families and listed their family as one of the top reasons they stay in their hometowns. While there was significant anxiety surrounding the coming out process, every youth reported feeling relief and greater personal satisfaction after coming out as well as articulating the deleterious effects of hiding one's gender or sexual orientation. Forming peer networks with other LGBT youth and adults was found to be a significant part of the coming out process. Not only did peer networks help to normalize experiences, but also they provided a protective factor against the unfriendly larger culture. In conclusion, we must continue to support youth as they come out at younger ages, providing information and support. A better relationship between the mainstream LGBT movement, its advocates, and people living in rural Appalachia would be beneficial. When working with youth, it is important to recognize that while religious involvement is generally a strength, some members of the LGBT community may have a history of trauma and victimization in relation to their church communities.


Pneumonia is an inflammation that occurs in the lung parenchyma, distal to the terminal bronchioles which include the respiratory bronchioles and is accompanied by consolidation in the lung tissue. In 2021, pneumonia will become the first most lung health problem in West Lombok. The risk factor for CAP is smoking. This study aims to differentiate MDA levels of CAP patients in smokers and non-smokers at Patut Patju Gerung General Hospital, West Lombok. This study used a retrospective method with a case control study design using medical record measuring instruments. A total of 42 research samples were carried out using a purposive sampling technique in community pneumonia patients (CAP) at Patut Patuh Patju Gerung Hospital, West Lombok from data from May to July 2022. Bivariate analysis was tested using the mann-whitney. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the 42 samples found that the most respondents were those with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which increased by 25 people with a percentage (59.5%). Based on the analysis of the data obtained from the 21 sample cases, it was found that the majority of respondents were those with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which increased by 15 people with a percentage (71.42%). While the control sample found that respondents with low MDA values had the same number of respondents who had increased MDA values by a total of 10 people with a percentage (47.6%). It was found that the P-Value was 0.564 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that there was no difference in MDA levels between smokers and non-smokers in the case group and the control group. Statistically, there was no difference in MDA levels between smokers and non-smokers in both the case group and the control group, but at the Patut Patuh Patju Gerung Regional General Hospital, West Lombok.


We propose a design approach of electronic map based on parameterized template technology, in which parameterized template method, through the user configuration and modification template, in order to realized celerity and high quality design to electronic map. Study on meanings, principles and excellences of parameterized template technology import to electronic map design, we detaile introduce the parameterized template technology for the electronic map design in the application, and to develop an electronic map design system, and apply it in practice. Compared to traditional design method, this method can increase design efficiency, decrease design time on a certain extent. Moreover the maps design by using this method to display effect well. Hence, this method has some practical value.


When using the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) approach for layer thickness determination of dielectrics, such as multilayer pipe walls, the resolution is usually limited by the bandwidth. For thinner layers, we compare the measurement signal with potential model signal outputs. Since our approach results in high computation efforts by using brute force optimization, spectral estimation may present an alternative for high resolution distance and hence thickness determination. In this contribution, we compare results of a parametric algorithm (modified covariance method) and a subspace method (multiple signal classification, MUSIC) with the results of our approach.


The pantropical orchid genus Vanilla has a diverse floral morphology and there is alack of knowledge about the pollination biology of its species in all geographicalareas except the American tropics. The present study investigated the pollinationbiology of the endemic Vanilla bosseri Allorge in a dry, deciduous forest nearMorondava at the west coast in Madagascar. The total and flower producingpopulation was estimated. Floral measurements and visitor observations wereconducted and the floral phenology and anthesis were investigated. A breedingexperiment with three treatments, cross-pollination, self-pollination and pollinatorexclusion, suggest that V. bosseri is allogamous but self-compatible, and dependenton pollinators for its reproduction. Natural fruit set was low, 3.96%, less than onetenththan that of hand-pollinated flowers, suggesting the species is pollen limitedpossibly due to low pollinator visitation. Flower morphology clearly indicates that thespecies is bee pollinated. The study shows that the orchid acts by deceit and attractspollinators through generalized food flower deception. The main visitor, theallodopine bee Macrogalea ellioti, is most likely not the effective pollinator, butinstead a pollen thief that occasionally acts as a pollinator. Floral morphology andpollination mechanism indicate that an effective pollinator would have an operativesize similar to that of medium sized bees such as Lithurgus pullatus or Tetraloniellamadecassa, but further studies are needed to reveal the relative impact of accidentaland regular pollinator bee species.


Objective
To find the potential biomarkers of neonatal sepsis through comparing neonates with sepsis and without sepsis in serum metabolin differences.

Methods
Thirty neonates, who were diagnosed as sepsis from the Neonatal Center of Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Military Region General Hospital during Aug.2012 to Feb.2013, were enrolled as the experimental group; while another 30 non-sepsis neonates were selected as the control group, the data of them were not significantly different from those of the experimental group.1.5 mL supernatant of radial artery blood was saved in -80 ℃ refrigerator after centrifugation in 4 ℃.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) technology was used for data acquisition after the serum sample thawinged at the room temperature and pretreated.The software of the GC-MS instrument was available for denoising, peak detection and peak area integral.Principal components analysis(PCA) model and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) model were established by Matlab2011 software after the data standardized.The potential biomarkers were screened by t-test.

Results
The differences of the serum metabolites between sepsis neonates and non-sepsis neonates in PCA and PLS-DA model were visible.Compared with the control group by t-test, the experimental group had increased in the contents of glucose, lactic acid, urea, pyruvic acid, phenylalanine, and decreased in the contents of leucine, isoleucine, alanine, glutamine, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid.The sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, compliance rate of the discriminant composited by the above metabolites were 93.33%, 100.00%, 0.9333 and 96.66%.

Conclusions
GC-MS technology can be used to detect the neonatal sepsis.The discriminant formed by the above metabolites can be used for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Key words:
Neonatal sepsis; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology; Biomarker


Abstract The shift from the coldYounger Dryas phase to the relatively warm Pre-boreal at~l 1.5 thousand years BP occurred within 50 calendar years and represents a clear example of rapid climate warming. Geologists and palaeo-ecologists have extensively studied the impact of this shift on the environment in The Netherlands. The global atmospheric general circulation model of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology is applied to perform simulations of the Younger Dryas and Pre-boreal climates. Here detailed results are presented for the grid-cell representing The Netherlands, providing quantified estimates of climatic means and extremes for both periods. The results suggest that the Younger Dryas climate was characterised by cold winters (temperatures regularly below -20 °C) and cool summers (13-14 °C), with a high inter-annual variability, strong fluctuations in temperature, frequent storms and snowfall from September to May. The Pre-boreal climate was a 'continental' version of present-day climate, with cooler winters, warmer summers (~2 °C difference) and more snowfall, but lower wind speeds. Also, the Pre-boreal climate was wetter than the present and Younger Dryas climates. The main driving factors were the low temperatures of the partly sea-ice covered N Atlantic Ocean and the insolation that was very different from today, with more incoming solar radiation during summer (+30W/m2) and less during winter (-10W/m2).The presented detailed results could be valuable for interpreting palaeo-environmental records and for modelling studies on sedimentological processes during the Late Quaternary.


There are almost as many anecdotes about man trying to harvest spider silk as web styles; even Napoleon tried farming the territorial arachnids in a bid to harness the robust material. However, despite decades of intense effort and millions of research dollars, no one has successfully spun


AFEW years ago a comprehensive review of the then known facts relating to the glands of internal secretion could have been contained within a few pages. Today, due to the tremendous amount of research work bearing upon the general problem of the internal secretions which has been done in recent years, the volume of which still continues to grow apace, such a review would require volumes. In this short article on the subject, I shall be unable to deal with the historical development of the subject, but I shall endeavour to indicate the present state of our knowledge of some of the organs of internal secretion and their specific products, the hormones. There are two basic types of mechanism possessed by members of the animal kingdom, each of which plays a specific part in the regulation of the various functions and activities of the organism as a whole. These are the nervous system and the organs of internal secretion. In the lower forms of animals, the invertebrata, the nervous system is probably preeminent; in fact, very little is known of the hormones or their function in the invertebrates. The situation, however, in the vertebrata is quite different. Here, from fish to man without exception, we find the ductless glands present in all forms and integrating with nervous system in the control of the animal machine of which they form a part. While there are vast differences between animals of different phyla and smaller but important differences between different species, there is as yet no reason to doubt, in so far as the hormones are concerned, that the active principle elaborated by a ductless gland in the fish does not differ materially from that elaborated by the same gland in man or other mammals. An excellent example of this is to be found in the case of insulin. An extract prepared from the principal islets of teleostean fishes or from the pancreas of the elasmobranch manifests the same physiological properties when tested upon a normal rabbit or a diabetic patient as does the insulin prepared from the pancreatic glands of cattle, pigs, or sheep. There may be quantitative differences relative to the effects of individual hormones of different animal origin, but qualitatively they give the same physiological effects in adequate test objects. But though the hormone may be the same from fish to man, its function in fish and man may conceivably be different.


Mobile adhoc networks are self-configuring networks having dynamic topology which don't require any type of preinstalled infrastructure. All the nodes in MANETs perform the operations of both host as well as router. The nodes in MANET should be able to relay the traffic from one node to another since the communicating nodes can be out of range. Due to various applications that use MANETs for the purpose of wireless roaming, it is a recent research area. There are different characteristics for research like synchronization, routing, bandwidth considerations etc. The main concentration of this paper is on routing protocols of MANETs. There are several routing protocols proposed for MANETs, out of which different types of hybrid routing protocols are chosen for the research work. This paper basically examines the performance of diverse routing protocols based on different performance metrics like number of packets sent, number of packets received, number of packets dropped etc[7,13].


Decreasing time and costs is a major objective in many businesses today. Including modularity in the early design phases can effectively decrease time spent on and costs associated with a project. The task of identifying modules within a product early in the design process (when decisions are less expensive) is made less daunting by using the techniques of functional modeling and module heuristics. This paper discusses the results of the initial efforts to verify the module heuristics on large products (products with functional models consisting of more than 30 sub-functions) since the module heuristics were originally developed on small products. Observations on needed modifications to the functional modeling technique and original module heuristics are reported along with an investigation of using potential risk statements to formulate modules. This work finds the original module heuristics do apply to large products with modifications and combining of heuristics.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data. The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC contracted with Sanborn to provide LiDAR mapping services for the Boston area. Utilizing multi-return systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in the form of 3-dimensional positions of a dense set of mass points was collected for approximately 90 square miles. All systems consist of geodetic GPS positioning, orientation derived from high-end inertial sensors and high-accurate lasers. The sensor is attached to the aircraft's underside and emits rapid pulses of light that are used to determine distances between the plane and terrain below. Specifically, the Leica ALS-50 LiDAR system was used to collect data for the survey campaign. The LiDAR system is calibrated by conducting flight passes over a known ground surface before and after each LiDAR mission. During final data processing, the calibration parameters are inserted into post-processing software. Lidar Acquisition Parameters: Instrument: Leica ALS50 Flight Altitude: near 1500m AGL Airspeed: near 120 Knots Scan Frequency: 46 Hertz Pulse Rate: 74,400 Hertz Scan Width Half Angle: 25 Degrees Sidelap: 30 percent This Lidar survey achieved a point spacing of 1.0 meter.


Applying the comprehensive judgment method of fuzzy mathematics,this paper analyses the air quality in center area of Nantong with the concerning data which published recently by the Nantong Environmental Bulletin.The result shows that the quality of the air in the city is grade two.


Low-power embedded memory and an ARM Cortex-M0 core that operate at 30 MHz were fabricated in combination with a 60-nm c-axis aligned crystalline indium-gallium-zinc oxide FET and a 65-nm Si CMOS. The embedded memory adopted a structure in which oxide semiconductor-based 1T1C cells are stacked on Si sense amplifiers. This memory achieved a standby power of 3 nW while retaining data and an active power of 11.7 μW/MHz by making each bitline as short as each sense amplifier. The M0 core adopted the flip-flop in which an oxide semiconductor-based 3T1C cell is stacked on the Si scan flip-flop cell without area overhead and achieved a standby power of 6 nW while retaining data. The combination of the embedded memory and the M0 core provided high-performance, low-power Internet of Things devices operating with a broad range of active standby power ratios.


We present here thinking about doing it and the knowledge of teachers designed and written in the dialogue with the subject in school. Therefore, the idea of authorship, bakhtinian concept, the studies were associated Tardif of the professors, of which it emphasizes the concept of knowledge built from the practice. Our study, performed in local public school, studied the Collective Work Teaching (TDC), weekly meetings of teachers from the sixth to ninth year of elementary school, in the year 2005. The words of teachers, especially those relating to the Assemblies of Class, led us to consider how and whether teachers within the discourse constructed and deconstructed in school, in this case, knowledge about the decisions taken to school and classroom. Key-words


This poster is from I'm Positive: Growing Up with Self-Esteem, a personal study course available from your county extension office.


In this paper homogenous and dense diamond films with good crystalline quality were suc- cessfully deposited on porous silicon(PS) surfaces by the microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) method.Photoluminescence measurements show that the CVD diamond film- coated porous silicon has a weak shift of emission peak wavelength as compared with the stored porous silicon without a diamond film, and its PL peak intensity almost does not change with time. It means the diamond film can efficiently stabilize the porous silicon and provide a passivation effect. In addi- tion,due to its well- known high hardness,the CVD diamond film can improve the mechanical strength of PS surface, therefore it is a promising candidate for passivation of porous silicon in the future.


full view, clockwise from left: Reconstruction of the Forum of Trajan; coin of Trajan showing the temple of Venus Genetrix, with portico of the Forum Iulium; Aereus of Trajan showing entrance to Trajan's Forum.


The invention discloses an alkaline calcium bentonite and making method, which comprises the following steps: adapting active carclazyte and calcium oxide as raw material; mixing the raw material evenly; reacting the calcium oxide and water to produce calcium hydroxide; diffusing the calcium hydroxide in the active carclazyte layers; reacting one of two oxyhydrogen base with hydrogen of active carclazyte to produce the alkaline calcium bentonite with anion exchanging function. The invention can react with organic acid to prepare composite layered nanometer material, which can be applied in the coating, plastic and new adsorptive material domain.


In this paper we have described the mathematical connections with some Hawking's Cosmology equations and a Ramanujan equation linked to a formula concerning the "Pair Creation of Black Holes During Inflation" of Hawking-Bousso


A method of manufacturing an electrochemical device comprising a lithium metal electrode includes providing a substrate having a lithium metal electrode on a surface and depositing a first dielectric material layer on the lithium metal electrode, the method comprising: Depositing and maintaining a nitrogen plasma on the first dielectric material layer after depositing the first layer and depositing the first layer, which is sputtering Li3PO4 in Providing a first layer of ion bombardment and mixing and inducing nitrogen therein, and inducing and maintaining; and after the deposition, inducing and maintaining steps, the ion bombarded first dielectric material layer Depositing a second dielectric material layer thereon, sputtering Li3PO4 in a nitrogen-containing environment; Depositing a layer. The electrochemical device can include a barrier layer between the lithium metal electrode and the LiPON electrolyte. A tool configured for manufacturing an electrochemical device comprising a lithium metal electrode is also described.


Development of a MEMS-based (Micro Electro Mechanical System) propulsion system has been pursued at Uppsala University, Sweden, since 1997. From 2005 and on, the continued development towards the first flight opportunity in 2009 is done within the frame of NanoSpace – a company dedicated to provide MEMS-based products for the space community. Currently, two major efforts to develop MEMS-based propulsion products are ongoing at Nanospace. Firstly, development of a miniaturized cold gas propulsion system. The major challenge in this effort is to develop a thruster module containing four individual thrusters with the capability to deliver proportional, low-noise thrust in the micro- to milli-Newton range. The thruster pod contains valves, filters, temperature sensors, heaters and nozzles. In a future step, even control electronics and a Controller Area Network interface (CAN) could/will be included in the thruster pod, which has the size of a golf ball and a weight of 60 grams. The first flight opportunity for this miniaturized cold gas propulsion system is the PRISMA satellites. PRISMA is an international (Sweden, Germany, France, Denmark, Norway) technology demonstration program, led by Swedish Space Corporation, with focus on rendezvous and formation flying. It is a two satellite LEO mission with a launch scheduled to first half of 2009. One of the satellites will act as a "target" while the other one will be a "chaser" that performs rendezvous and formation flying maneuvers. The current "chaser" design has the miniaturized cold gas propulsion developed by NanoSpace onboard. The other major development effort underway is a MEMS-based Xenon flow control system. Using MEMS technology, a Xenon feed system including an isolation valve, filters, pressure regulator, and a number of parallel flow control modules can be built with significantly reduced size and mass compared to existing systems based on conventional technology. The flight opportunity on PRISMA in 2009 represents a unique opportunity to demonstrate MEMS-based propulsion components in space, and thus take a significant step to enable greater satellite functionality, while significantly reducing cost and weight.


Abstract. Developing and implementing a quick response post-storm survey protocol has the potential to improve impact assessments of coastal storms. Pre- and post-event surveys are essential to properly quantify the storm impacts on the coast. In this study, a combination of traditional RTK GPS and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle drone platform was utilized as part of a coordinated storm response workflow. The comprehensive approach employed in this pilot case study was conducted on the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy), in the immediate aftermath of an extreme storm event that impacted the shoreline on the 5th–6th February 2015 called the Saint Agatha Storm . The activities were supported by timing information on the approaching storm provided by the regional early warning system. We collected aerial photos from a commercial off-the-shelf drone immediately after the Saint Agatha Storm and generated both orthomosaic and digital elevation models utilizing structure-from-motion photogrammetry techniques. The drone- based survey approach allowed us to quickly survey an area of 0.25 km 2 within a 10-minute flight resulting in a ground sampling distance of 2.5 cm/pixel. Flooding and erosion impacts are analyzed and presented for the target study area. Limitations and possible applications for coastal management of the quick response post-storm surveying protocol are highlighted.


Background. The article analyzes the role of the Russian orthodox church in the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX century in the period of reform preparation and implementation. Investigation of the degree of participation of the official church in people's lifes allows to analyse criterions of success of such transformations in modern Russia. Materials and methods. The problem was investigated on the basis of archive sources, materials of periodicals, published memories of contemporaries. Guided by estimations of theoreticians and practicians the author investigates effectiveness of different forms of clergy's influence on flock. Results. The main aim of the author is to generalize sources on the position of the orthodox clergy after cancellation of serfdom. The article generalizes and systematizes approaches to estimation of the church press quality in Russia. Conclusions. The contemporaries' estimations of the place of the Russian orthodox church in the state have been considered, the effectiveness of the church's policy in the vast Russian community has been estimated.


Carrier mobility reduces when the gate SiON becomes thinner than 2 nm or high-k layer is used. Agreement has not yet been reached on the level of reduction and on the underlying mechanism. Remote charge scattering has been proposed to be responsible for the mobility reduction and this work assesses its importance. By increasing charge density at 0.56–1 nm from the substrate interface to the order of 1020 cm−3, it is found that both electron and hole mobility changes little.


A (2 + 1) REMPI–PES study of HCl has been carried out in the two-photon energy region between 77 000 and 85 500 cm–1. The observed 1Δ(2), 3Δ(2), 3Π(1) and 3Σ–(0+) states are characterized as Rydberg states. The one-photon ionization of the B 1Σ+ state has been shown to be dominated by indirect processes involving competition between electronic autoionization and dissociation via superexcited states.


Abstract : The USSR translation presents formulas used for determining the maximal seismic oscillation acceleration and velocity, and yield quite good approximation to actual measurements under full scale nuclear explosion conditions. It also estimates the expected deformation of structures from seismic oscillations. The seismic oscillation intensity in the nuclear explosion case is no higher than for explosions of conventional chemical explosives of the same power.


Abstract : The electrical and rheological properties of two state-of-the-art electro-rheological (ER) fluids have been evaluated from 0 to 60 deg C, using a unique constant-stress viscometer. The measurements were performed at the facilities of ER Fluid Developments, Ltd. (ERFD), a small British company located in Sheffield, United Kingdom, that specializes in developing and marketing ER fluid-based technology. In addition to these measurements, the response time of the fluids was determined using another instrument located at the nearby University of Sheffield. The constant-stress viscometer, or dynamic rig, developed and owned by ERFD, permits the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and direct current (DC) current density of an ER fluid to be determined as a function of electric field and temperature. The yield stress, plastic viscosity, current density, and response time of each fluid were found to strongly depend on temperature. The first fluid appears to be stronger (i.e., has a higher yield stress), with lower current densities at lower temperatures up to 40 deg C. In that temperature range, the second fluid is somewhat weaker, susceptible to electrical breakdown at or above 2.0 kV/mm, and generally draws more current At higher temperatures, however, the current density of the first fluid dramatically increases to exceed the desired level of 10 mu-A/sq cm. The corresponding current density increase of the second fluid is significantly smaller. In light of the differences between the measured properties, the results and their implications associated with the intended use of the fluids are discussed. A general description of ER fluid behavior, as well as the theories of operation of the instruments, are also described.


The base of this work is analysis of Prokofiev's piano concerto op. 26 C major. It isn't a scientific work. It's rather analysis of form, melody and harmony in context with his others piano works. At chapter about surroundings dislocation generation of concert I am based on the author?s testation a with him I try to find his ideas right in this work. Also I introduce the poem wich is inspired by the conceptus of this work, was written by poet Balmont. At the last chapter I tout about a view on Prokofiev like friend, pianist, colleague, composer by the eyes his contemporaries both his students and teachers, colleagues, pianists, friends but aswell his enemy. The greatest personalities like Neuhaus, Rostropovich, Oistrach remember him. Life?s facts I touch very too little with regard to quantity indeed more far specialist literature.


Heterogeneous vehicle routing problem(HVRP) is a branch of vehicle routing problem(VRP), which mainly studies the logistics transportation with heterogeneous vehicles. With the development of industry and social life, it is important to study the optimization scheme of collaborative delivery with heterogeneous vehicles. Many research results showed that different vehicle combinations have considerable advantages in costs and efficiency over the same vehicle under the same transportation task. For the research of HVRP problem, this paper studied the types of vehicles, such as, the cooperative transportation between enterprise vehicles and third-party vehicles, and discussed the subsequent branches of HVRP models. It analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms, and the improved methods in solving problems related to HVRP. Finally, future research aspects of HVRP were proposed in three aspects, that is, HVRP with electric vehicle in Green VRP, multi-objective model, and recently developed heuristic algorithms.


The normaI operating life of pre-heat type fluorescent lamp is terminated when the cathode coating is completely stripped from the coiI filament.In D. C. operation, the cathode spot moves from the line side of filament to the other expending it's coating.We can measure the filament drop Vf-which is caused by the burned turns and shows the degrees of consumption.It has been found that Vf has a linear performance characteristic.Hence, within a comparativelly short period, measuring the incleasing speed of Vf and using a conversion coefficient obtained experimentaly, the life of A. C. supplied fluorescent lamps can be estimated.Practically a rippled D. C. obtained by simple rectification of A. C. is preferable.Our estimation of life shows agreement with actual and statistic data on the operating life of fluorescent lamps.


To minimize head and thorax injuries of child passengers in side impact, multi-objective optimization design of vehicle child restraint system (CRS) was conducted. The mathematical model of child seat, side airbag and child was developed and its validity was verified. Based on the validated model we performed the optimization containing design of experiments, parameter sensitivity analysis, full factorial design (FFD) and optimization using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results indicated that location of top tether in X-direction, stiffness coefficient of lower anchorage and materials permeability of side airbag have significant influence on child passengers head and thorax protection. After optimization the three parameters could achieve reasonable configuration, meanwhile, child passengers head and thorax accelerations were controlled on low level.


The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of clayey soil with different moisture contents. Two groups of clayey soil with different moisture contents were prepared as samples. One group of samples was subjected to eleven freeze-thaw cycles under a constant freezing apparatus temperature in an enclosed apparatus. The other group was subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle exposed to a decreasing freezing apparatus temperature in an enclosed apparatus. A series of triaxial compression experiments were conducted on both groups of samples. The first experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties of the clayey soil changed after the freeze-thaw cycles under constant freezing apparatus temperature, and cohesion decreased with an increased number of freeze-thaw cycles and increased moisture content. In addition, the internal friction angle increased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles and decreased with increased moisture content.However, the moisture content of the clayey soil had a greater influence on cohesion than the internal friction angle. Additional experimental group results indicated that the internal friction angle of the clayey soil diminished with a decrease in the freezing apparatus temperature and increased moisture content. Finally, cohesion increased with a decrease in either the freezing apparatus temperature or moisture content.


Category size has consistent effects in cued recall. In general, the smaller the implicitly encoded set, the higher the likelihood of correct recall. The purpose of the present series of experiments was to determine whether free recall would also vary with the size of the implicitly encoded set. Four experiments are reported that involve manipulations of nominal category size, type of category, word relatedness, single/multiple trials, and study trial instructions. No effects of category size were obtained in any of these experiments. The results are interpreted as suggesting that different retrieval processes are associated with the two methods of recall. Category size effects appear to depend on directing retrieval toward specific characteristics of the target words.


Taking9higher vocational schools offered independently by Zhejiang province for example,the article analyses the general reality and problems existing in spe ciality provision in higher vocational and technical education,reaffirms the i mportance and urgency of achieving the localization of speciality provi-sion in higher vocational education.


Harold Aspiz. Walt Whitman and the Body Beautiful. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1980, 290 pp. Roger Asselineau. The Transcendentalist Constant in American Literature. New York: New York University Press, 1980.189 pp. Martin Bickman. The Unsounded Centre: Jungian Studies in American Romanticism. Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 1980. 182 pp. Betsy Erkkila. Walt Whitman Among the French. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. 296 pp. In the fourth section of "Song of Myself" Walt Whitman envisions both the questions that the future would ask of him as well as his ability to transcend those queries. He depicts himself as standing firm though surrounded by "trippers and askers" who are inquiring about "people I meet, the effect upon me of my early life or the ward and city I live in, or the nation,/The latest dates, discoveries, inventions, societies, authors old and new." In the face of all this "pulling and hauling" Whitman asserts the consistent core of himself, a dynam...


He was Rome's bravest statesman, an aristocratic soldier who slept on the ground with his troops, a Stoic philosopher and staunch defender of sacred Roman tradition who inspired early Christianity: This is the story of Marcus Porcius Cato. Cato's life is a gripping tale rich with resonances for our own turbulent politics. Cato grappled with home-grown terrorists, a public and private debt crisis, a yawning gap between rich and poor, and a fractious ruling class whose lives took on the dimensions of soap opera. This is the story of this uncompromising man's formation in a time of crisis and his lifelong battle to save the Republic.


We construct a triangulated Mobius strip with 9 vertices which is not embeddable into R3 such that all edges are straight line segments. It even cannot be immersed polyhedrally into R3. For every integer g 2 1 it is still an open problem whether there exists a triangulated closed orientable two-dimensional manifold of genus g which is not embeddable into R3 such that all triangles are planar triangles with straight edges (cf. [1, 2]). It is natural to ask the corresponding question for nonorientable two-dimensional manifolds with boundary. Theorems 1 and 2 (and the remark) answer that question completely also for immersions. THEOREM 1. There exists a triangulated Mbbius strip with 9 vertices which is not embeddable into R3 such that all edges are straight line segments. PROOF. (1) Let I and J be disjoint closed polygonal curves in R3 with three vertices. Then I lk(I, J) I 2. (3) The triangulated Mobius strip given in Figure 2a cannot be embedded into R3 with straight edges, since for the triangular curves I = 1231 and J' = 4564 we have I lk(I, J') I> 2 by (2), (choose J = 7897), which is impossible with straight edges by (1). In Figure 2b we give another representation of the same triangulation (1 2 3 is not a triangle of the triangulation). Figure 2a presents the Mobius strip as a rectangle with a pair of opposite edges identified with a twist and Figure 2b presents it as a real projective plane with a triangle removed. DEFINITION. Let us define a polyhedral immersion of a two-dimensional simplicial complex to be an immersion such that all triangles are planar and all edges are straight line segments. Received by the editors November 17, 1982 and, in revised form, May 3, 1983. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57Q35; Secondary 52A25, 57M20. (D1 983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/83 $1.00 + $.25 per page 519 This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Wed, 16 Nov 2016 04:23:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer, and the number is increasing every year. However, automated segmentation of melanoma remains a challenging problem due to the great variation in shape, colour and texture of melanoma. Moreover, with the development of mobile devices, achieving higher performance segmentation on embedded devices deserves further research. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a lightweight network for skin lesion segmentation with guided learning based on the attention mechanism, which not only ensures image segmentation accuracy using an efficient feature fusion module, but also effectively reduces the complexity of the model. Extensive experiments on the ISIC2017 dataset validate that EGFNet achieves very competitive results in terms of objective metrics.


A service robot of anthropomorphic size and shape has been built to study dependable ways of interaction with people and their common living environment. Although the robot is presently used mostly by trained personnel it has also shown robust and safe behavior with novice users and people who are not necessarily interested in robotic matters, e.g. at trade fairs, television studios and at various demonstrations in our institute environment. During the design process we followed certain guidelines in both hardware and software that have proved to lead to a reliable and safe overall system. These guidelines are introduced, and some experiments carried out with the real robot in an office environment are presented. We do not claim that our present system is failsafe and foolproof, but we believe that the strategies we embarked on could lead the way to robots having these characteristics.


It is the aim of the authors to propose improved ship and ship subsystem acquisition by the adoption of a simple routine management system which has for its focus, the initial planning phase. The proposed management system follows the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-109 and the Chief of Naval Operations. A clear articulation of operational needs aids the task of prioritizing resource allocations and also promotes earlier integration of ship and subsystem design and development schedules. More precise resource allocation and earlier integration should decrease acquisition time and increase ship subsystem capabilities. The worth of the proposed concept has been demonstrated by a pilot program and can readily be implemented within the constraints of the current Planning, Programming, and Budget System.


The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided successive cancelation list (SCL) decoding algorithm has better error performance than the successive cancelation (SC) decoding algorithm for short or moderate polar codes. However, the CRC aided SCL (CA-SCL) decoding algorithm still suffer from long decoding latency. In this paper, a reduced latency list decoding (RLLD) algorithm for polar codes is proposed. For the proposed RLLD algorithm, all rate-0 nodes and part of rate-1 nodes are decoded instantly without traversing the corresponding subtree. A list maximum-likelihood decoding (LMLD) algorithm is proposed to decode the maximum likelihood (ML) nodes and the remaining rate-1 nodes. Moreover, a simplified LMLD (SLMLD) algorithm is also proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the LMLD algorithm. Suppose a partial parallel list decoder architecture with list size L = 4 is used, for an (8192, 4096) polar code, the proposed RLLD algorithm can reduce the number of decoding clock cycles and decoding latency by 6.97 and 6.77 times, respectively.


The frequency and specificity of platelet‐alloantibodies to human platelet antigens (HPA) ‐1, ‐3 and ‐5 was investigated in 59 multitransfused, HLA‐immunized patients. Using the MAIPA test (monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigens) platelet alloantibodies could be demonstrated in 10 (17%) patients.  In one patient the antibody was present prior to any transfusions and probably induced by multiple previous pregnancies. This antibody was directed to HPA‐5b. The remaining nine antibodies were found in patients (n = 36) with HLA‐antibodies reacting with over 95% of unselected lymphocytes. In these patients the target antigens were HPA‐1b in six, HPA‐3a in one and both antigens in two patients.  Our findings demonstrate platelet alloimmunization induced by transfusions to be restricted to patients with high HLA‐immunization. 25% of these patients (9/36) show platelet‐specific antibodies, primarily HPA‐1b.


In response to the design requirements of embedded devices for Internet,this paper proposes a model of portability layer for cutable virtual machine,which elaborates how to access the network,thread,memory of portable layer and make a demonstration of accessing the virtual machine.With the design of portable layer,the virtual machine can be portable on different hardware platforms.Besides,the virtual machine can invovle different functions including dynamic configuration,controlling and execution.Moreover,it is cutable and esay to shape.The tests show that the virtual mchine has low CPU,low memory,high rate of component reuse,good cutability and is sucessfully applied in industrial field.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the mid-term consequences of the institutional expansion that took place in the nineteen seventies in Argentina, in light of the results yielded by studies carried out in the region by international organizations. This process aimed to reform and restructure the existing state universities into an American research model. We argue that this process did not accomplish its initial objectives, but led instead to an exacerbation of existing structural problems and gave rise to a differentiation process among public universities in the country. In order to do that, we will use first and second-hand sources.


The automation has revolutionized the traditional product development scheme by using advanced design and manufacturing technologies such as computer-aided design, process planning, and scheduling. However, research in this field was still based mostly on experimentation, as most manufacturing companies did not use simulation techniques in the implementation of their manufacturing planning and scheduling process. In order to address this problem, software developers have put simulation software tools in the market such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS), and Risk-based Planning and Scheduling (RPS) systems. In this paper, a methodology to model high degree of accuracy for the production floor, the planning and scheduling of corrugated cardboard manufacturing process through RPS simulation in Internet of Things (IoT) environment is established. The RPS model is able to generate a deterministic schedule without randomness, create a risk analysis of the planning and scheduling, and handle the uncertainty.


Recently, the Mayo Clinic proposed criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the syndrome of left ventricular transient apical ballooning. This syndrome consists of the acute onset of transient, extensive akinesia of the apical and middle portions of the left ventricle without significant stenosis evident on the coronary angiogram, accompanied by chest symptoms, ECG changes, and limited release of cardiac markers disproportionate …


In order to design continuous composite bridges with full-depth precast decks, several factors should be considered, and confirmed through experiments: details of connections, serviceability of cracking and inelastic behaviour. After reviewing previous experiments, an experiment was executed with a steel box-girder bridge model having two spans of 10 m each. Because there is no reinforcement at the transverse joints except prestressing tendons, a design criterion for the prevention of cracking at the joints is not to allow tension at the joints under service loadings. In this paper, a major interest is in the behaviour of a composite section in a negative moment region. Therefore the elastic and inelastic behaviour of the model was carefully observed to provide proper design bases. In particular, cracking load, crack width and moment curvature of composite sections were investigated. The validity of the stiffness of the concrete slab in the negative moment region is discussed in terms of serviceability an...


A mean-field model is applied to the Verwey transition in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3(1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}})}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. Parametrization of the internal energy, in terms of the experimental dependence of transition temperature on metal-oxygen nonstoichiometry, yields results consistent with the existence of two regimes on either side of a critical composition ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}$=0.0039. For \ensuremath{\delta}${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}$, first-order transitions occur, with singlet ground states and doublet excited states. For \ensuremath{\delta}g${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}$, second-order transitions result, for ground and excited states of equal degeneracy. The density of states, determined by a single long-range-order parameter is used to calculate the Fermi potential of a free-electron gas and associated electrical transport properties, as a function of temperature and nonstoichiometry. The canonical cusp catastrophe describes critical behavior in the mean-field approximation.


The highland plains of western Iran have been investigated with varying intensity. The Sarfirouzabad plain, located in the south of Kermanshah province, although visited perfunctorily, has not previously been studied systematically, despite desirable ecological and environmental conditions. In 2009, a team from the University of Tehran conducted a systematic and intensive field survey in the region to identify archaeological settlements and to assess their location concerning ecological, environmental and cultural factors impacted the distribution of sites on the plain. The surveyed area was walked in transects at 20-metre intervals and resulted in the identification of 332 archaeological sites from different cultural periods, which added much to the limited knowledge about the history of this region. During this survey, Pa-Chogha as the biggest tell site in the area, was identified. Fifty-nine samples of pottery and five stone tools were collected from the surface of Pa-Chogha dated from Late Chalcolithic to Islamic periods. Unfortunately, due to the expansion of Pa-Chogha village, the site is in danger of being destroyed. Our aim to publish this article is to introduce the Pa-Chogha as an important site for the chronology of Central Zagros at first, and preventing the further destruction of this site at the second.