| The new Bandwidth E cient Multiple Access (BEMA) scheme is introduced. It o ers a higher spectral e ciency than the dynamic versions of Time and Code Division Multiple-Access (TDMA, CDMA) as well as Orthogonal and Identical Waveform Multiple Access (OWMA, IWMA). This idea must be understood from the viewpoint that BEMA results from optimizing over a class of Correlated Waveform Multiple Access (CWMA) strategies that includes TDMA, CDMA, OWMA and IWMA as special cases. At the heart of this new BEMA technique are signal processing algorithms that realize the functions of multiuser equalization and signal design, and which are developed by taking a new and combined approach to those two problems. I. Bandwidth-Efficient Multiple-Access B EMA is an adaptive multiaccess strategy for mobile-tobase communications. Transmitter pulses or signature waveforms are continuously computed at the base station as a function of the multiuser receiver employed and the tra c conditions such as received power levels, number of active transmitters, etc. They are then dynamically allocated, multiple times within the duration of a call if necessary, from the base station to the mobiles at a frequency that is dictated by the rate of signi cant change of those conditions. We assume that this change takes place on a time scale that is su ciently slower than the data rate so as to allow e ective adaptation. Dynamic TDMA is a very particular case where \signal assignment" reduces to the allocation of non-overlapping time-slots and even that takes place exactly once at the time of setting up a call. Practical TDMA systems, such as the European digital cellular mobile radio (GSM) system [1], even impose the further restriction that the time-slots be of equal (burst) durations for each user, thereby surrendering the possibility of using the often disparate power levels of the incoming signals to their advantage. CDMA on the other hand is a multiple-access technique where the signature waveforms are thought of as being pre-assigned and quasi-orthogonal. This is a static multiaccess strategy that would in general be inferior to dynamic TDMA in bursty applications. Following the lead of dynamic TDMA however, it is easy to conceive of a dynamic version of CDMA where quasi-orthogonal signals (instead of time-slots) are dynamically allocated exactly once at the time of setting up a call from a base station drawing from a pre-designed set of such signals. However, the pre-design of the signature waveforms implies that the system is designed for some nominal operating point, and does not have the capability of adapting to current tra c conditions. FurThis work was supported in part by NSF grants NCR-9406069 and NCR-9706591. By CDMA, we mean the multiple-access technique that is referred to in the now considerable literature on multiuser detection (cf. [2] [3]). thermore, the condition of quasi-orthogonality forces a large fraction of bandwidth expansion to be allocated to spreading rather than to coding. This therefore is preemptive and without technical justi cation. So also is dynamic TDMA which relies on spreading to an even greater degree because it requires orthogonal non-overlapping waveforms. It is also possible to postulate a multiple-access technique which lies somewhere inbetween TDMA and CDMA where the waveforms are required to be orthogonal but they are allowed to overlap in time. We will refer to this as Orthogonal Waveform Multiple Access (OWMA). On the other extreme, we have IWMA which uses identical waveforms for all users and relies entirely on coding, and not at all on spreading. In contrast to all of the above mentioned multiple-access schemes, BEMA lets the tra c conditions dictate the optimum relative allocation of bandwidth expansion between spreading and coding. A design methodology is developed to solve the spreading-coding problem via a joint approach to signal design and multiuser equalization. In this paper, we demonstrate that by choosing BEMA as a CWMA strategy that o ers as high a spectral e ciency as possible while meeting given performance specications for each user, it is possible to obtain marked improvements in bandwidth e ciency over the other multiaccess strategies. We focus on the simple context of an additive white Gaussian noise channel with PAM transmitters operating in symbol synchronism. It is customary for practical PAM digital communication systems to employ transmitter pulses that are strictly time-limited to a symbol duration. In this case, they cannot be strictly bandlimited and so we instead consider the root-mean-squared, or RMS, bandwidth. In particular, we are interested in the minimum bandwidth required that will allow a decision feedback receiver to achieve a given level of performance measured in terms of signal-to-interference ratio for each user. The decision feedback receivers at the base station in turn perform multiuser equalization together with decoding with the objective of achieving high performance. They allow each user to use independent single-user codes and involve the implementation of only single-user, and hence o -the-shelf, codecs. In particular, we focus on a decision feedback receiver which we call the capacity maximizing decision feedback receiver (CM-DFR) which achieves the total capacity of the CWMA system at a vertex point of the CWMA channel capacity region [4]. This rate-tuple was hitherto known to be achievable only through random multiuser coding together with an extremely complex optimum joint decoder [5] [6] [7]. Based on the relationship between By spreading we mean the extra bandwidth incurred by using nonidentical waveforms.


New instrumentation designed to perform simultaneous time-resolved X-ray scattering experiments at small and wide angles (SAXS/WAXD) as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has recently been installed at the SAXS beamline of the Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron. The DSC device proved to be comparable with conventional equipment, allowing temperature variation with rates of up to 60 °C/min with precision of 0.1 °C. The use of a synchrotron radiation source and position sensitive X-ray detectors allows data collection in real time with 30 s resolution. The application of this experimental set-up in the isothermal crystallization and fusion of polymeric materials is given as an example. We present results of experiments with polycaprolactone (PCL) and its blends with chlorinated polyethylene (PCL/PECl), in which the simultaneous appearance of a crystalline structure and lamellar formation can be observed and the rate of process change for different compositions and thermal treatments can be determined. As a concluding remark, we mention that the SAXS/WAXD/DSC simultaneous experiments can also be performed with great advantage in the study of colloids and gel formation, as well as phase transitions in a variety of samples.


This research illustrates the relationship analysis and influence of Hybrid Resources on the sustainable construct of Micro-hydro management. Hybrid Resources is an appropriate long-term solution in addressing the limitations of Micro-hydro Resources in the long dry season and is a variable that affects the sustainability of power plant management. The relationship and influence of these two constructs can be analyzed statistically inferential by applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) partial and full model. The results of the partial model test showed that the estimation model of the reflection relationship of each of the variable Hybrid Resources and sustainability of its manifest variables had met the Critical Ratio (CR) and Standard Loading Factor (SLF) values. Furthermore, full-model test results show that the model estimation of relationship and influence between Hybrid Resources on sustainability variables is positive and significant and has fulfilled the criteria Of Good Of Fit (GOF). The most dominant manifest variable of gaining an indirect influence reflection of Hybrid Resources is of energy consumption of 0.746 and the manifest variable that most predominant gets reflection of the indirect influence of sustainability construct is the application of strict sanctions when properly proven use of the illegal energy by 0.704. The direct influence between Hybrid Resources against the sustainability construct by 0.260.


Provided are an audio signal processing device and an audio signal processing method. The audio signal processing device includes a processing unit for convoluting head-related transfer functions with audio signals of a plurality of channels, and the processing unit includes a storage unit for storing data of a double-normalized head-related transfer function by normalizing a normalized head-related transfer function obtained by normalizing a head-related transfer function in a state in which a dummy head or a person is present in a position of the listener with a transfer characteristic in a pristine state in which the dummy head or the person is not present, using a normalized head-related transfer function obtained by normalizing a head-related transfer function in the state in which the dummy head or the person is present with a transfer characteristic in the pristine state, and a convolution unit for reading the data from the storage unit and convoluting the data with the audio signals.


Although a great volume of literature is available on inter-war Germany for the periods of the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, there is a dearth of literature on politics at the local level. This means that there have been no analytical studies of the politics of local government in inter-war Germany despite the importance attached to local politics as the grass roots of national political patterns. This study appraises the general situation in Germany at the end of the First World War and the impact of the subsequent 'revolution' on Coburg. After analysing the political issues involved in Coburg's decision to sever all links with its former partner in Thuringia, Gotha, and unite with Bavaria, the thesis examines the roots of radicalism in Coburg via a study of the political activity of the Left and Right. Parallels are drawn to political activity in the broader context of Bavaria and the Reich, and the significance of the first public appearance of Hitler outside his Munich 'power-base' is considered as the events surrounding the 'Third German Day' in Coburg in 1922 are examined. Attention is paid to the development of the hostile relations between the Republican central government in Berlin and the right-wing Nationalist state government in Munich as Bavaria becomes the haven for all shades of nationalist, anti-republican opinion. The effects on this relationship of events like the Hitler Putsch, the occupation of the Ruhr and the Allies' reparations demands are considered,as is the position of Coburg as it becomes enmeshed in the arguments between Berlin and Munich. Finally, the thesis examines the significance of events in Coburg in 1929 to the National Socialist movement locally, and nationally as Coburg becomes the first National Socialist administration in Germany.


The collection of periodic profiles of oceanographic data at specific sites is a critical component of oceanographic monitoring programs. Typically, this type of work is completed by lowering instrumentation from ships but the cost of these operations has often meant that the temporal and spatial coverage of these surveys is less than ideal. As an alternative, moored profilers have been developed but the energy required to move a substantial package up and down a mooring wire can represent a major limitation. A simple, economical and autonomous device to accomplish the task of completing a large number of profiles in a moored or drifting configuration has been developed at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. This system overcomes the limitation of previous self-contained profiling devices by deriving the power needed to move vertically in the water column from the energy of surface waves. A one way clamp provides the mechanism by which wave action acting on a surface float sends a buoyant instrument package down a mooring line. Once at the bottom and when a profile is desired, the clamp is released allowing the instrument to float to the surface. Some data from field trials as well a description of the principle of operation of the device are presented.


The authors report the observation of fractional quantisation obtained by increasing the frequency of measurement; this is found up to a Landau index of 10. The result is coincident with the suppression of integer quantisation and is interpreted as indicating a transition from a liquid state to a solid state behaviour as the time scale of measurement is reduced.


Higher Vocational Education in Britain,the U.S.,France and Germany started early and is of high quality,which is closely related to their models of quality evaluation and security mechanism.Among them are compound model,third-party intermediary model,the government-led model and the institutional autonomy model.The formation of these four models is not only closely related to the differences in education level,human environment,the degree of attention to the quality of education but also to that in organizational structure of evaluation and security,the index system and operation mechanism.Comprehensive and comparative analysis of the differences of the various models offers an important reference to the formation of a new model for quality assessment and security in China.


This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review of previous research on second language (L2) writing. Major issues and the relevant findings from five areas of inquiry into L2 writing are presented, namely, L2 writers' characteristics, the L2 writing process, L2 writing feedback, L2 writing instruction, and L2 writers' texts. It is found that L2 writing is quite a complex process which involves participation of various factors. Finally, the inadequacies of the existing studies on L2 writing are summarized and new scope for future research is proposed.


The "non-linear" self-consistent theory of classical fields in the electroweak model is proposed. Homogeneous boson ground state solutions in the GSW model at the presence of a non-zero extended fermionic charge densities are reviewed and fully reinterpreted to make the theory with non-zero charge densities fruitful. Consequences of charge density fluctuations are proposed.


The effect of pore length on the water filling and emptying rates was studied using mesoporous silica (MPS) of same pore diameter but different pore lengths. The pore diameter of the synthesized MPS was ~8 nm, while the average pore lengths were 460, 1,770, and 4,000 nm. The gravimetric method was employed to record the time course of the adsorbed mass of water in the MPS at 298 K and 1 atm. In both the filling and emptying processes, the relaxation curves (time course of adsorbed mass of water per unit mass of sample) were not significantly related to the pore length. This independence of the initial adsorption and desorption rates on the pore length suggests that the surface of the MPS aggregates is the bottleneck in the overall adsorption and desorption processes and that the initial mass flux in each nanopore is inversely proportional to the pore length. Furthermore, because the relaxation times to reach the equilibrium states were independent of the pore length, the mass flux of water uptake, release, and transport probably increase with an increase in the pore length during the entire adsorption and desorption processes. A transport model to describe these phenomena was proposed.


In the past, most of the studies for
compressional velocities are based on experimental measurements, which lack the
support of field data. The purpose of this study is to estimate the
compressional velocities based on well log data of delta front subfacies of
Lower Tertiary ages of Ji-Dong oil field, China. At initial stage, we have
chosen the well log parameters (effect factors) which strongly influence on
compressional velocities and established a new modified equation for
compressional velocities, which is based on these effect factors. Then Gardner,
De-hua Han and this newly established equation were utilized to calculate the
compressional velocities in each well. Finally, Least-square regression was
carried out to check the fitting of each equation. Regression results clearly
indicate that our purposed equation shows better fitting as compared to Gardner
and De-hua Han equations.


Objective To study pharmacokinetic behaviors of the Chinese healthy volunteers and to evaluate the bioequivalence of two kinds of levetiracetam tablets. Methods Twenty healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups,each group 10 cases,they were orally respectively administrated with single dose of treatment and reference preparations of levetiracetam( each 0. 5 g). The cleaning period was one week. The concentration of levetiracetam in human plasma was measured by LC / MS / MS. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using Win Nonlin 6. 3 software. Results Main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparation were as follow: t1 /2were( 8. 01 ± 1. 16),( 8. 02 ± 0. 93) h,tmaxwere( 0. 61 ± 0. 41),( 0. 76 ± 0. 61) h,Cmaxwere( 13. 65 ± 2. 63),( 13. 15 ± 2. 30)μg·m L-1,AUC0-twere( 115. 84 ± 12. 75),( 119. 29 ± 15. 29)μg·m L-1·h,AUC0-∞were( 121. 44 ± 15. 17),( 124. 89 ± 16. 73)μg·m L-1·h,respectively. The relative bioavailability of test preparation was( 97. 55 ± 7. 06) %. Conclusion Two kinds of levetiracetam tablets are bioequivalent.


A new kind of dimmer of 4-succinyl- paracyclophane(DPX-COCH2CH2COOH) was synthesized,and polymerized by chemical vapor deposition polymerization(CVDP).The structure of DPX-COCH2CH2COOH and poly(succinyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene)(PPX-COCH2CH2COOH) were confirmed by FTIR,NMR and elemental analysis.The degree of substitution of —COCH2CH2COOH in PPX-COCH2CH2COOH is 4.7mol%.It is indicated that PPX-COCH2CH2COOH membranes have good solvent resistant and high chemical oxidation resistant.With the introduction of —COCH2CH2COOH,the crystallinity of the polymer decreases a little.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) were used to study the thermal properties of the polymer,it is found that the degradation properties of DPX-COCH2CH2COOH is as good as that of PPX.PPX-COCH2CH2COOH can react with heparin,whose structure was confirmed by FTIR.The content of heparin in the polymer is 15.8μg/cm2.Platelet adsorption of the polymer is studied by SEM,and the blood compatibility of PPX-COCH2CH2COOH-Heparin is improved a little.


The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a "social contract," but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by limited governments established by their charters. From this, Americans derived their understanding of what a constitution is—the written charter of a sovereign that ordains and limits a government. The key Federalist innovation was to substitute the People for the King as the chartering sovereign. This effectively transferred the "governance technology" of the corporation to the civil government—including the practice of delegating authority via a written charter, charter amendment, and judicial review. Federalists used these corporate practices to frame a government that united seeming irreconcilables—a government energetic yet limited, republican yet mixed, popular yet antipopulist—yielding a corporate solution to the problem of arbitrary rule. Leading founders considered this new government a literal chartered corporation of the People.


In this paper, the inhibitant effect of the chitosan oligosaccharide against the medium baterial count, psychrophile, bacillus, thermophilic bacillus from the fresh milk and the time of the methylene blue test was studied. The result of the experiment showed that the chitosan oligosaccharide had significant inhibitant activities against the the medium baterial count, psychrophile from the the fresh millk (P0.05), but had marginal inhibitant activities against the bacillus, thermophilic bacillus (P0.05), the accession of the chitosan oligosaccharide could prolong the time of the methylene blue test obviously.


Jatropha curcas (L.) provenances were grown to determine the upper limit age for maximum seed yield production. The study had been conducted at Shewa robit district in the lowland areas of the North Shewa zone. In this study, fourteen Jatropha curcas provenances had been collected from different parts of Ethiopia. Sixteen plants per plot had been planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The survival rate, number of branches, seed yields and growth parameter data had been collected from those plants. Survival rate ranged from 85-100%; root collar diameter was ranged between11.80 cm and 13.51 cm at the age of six years. The maximum and minimum plant heights were 281.96 cm and 233.88 cm, respectively, at the age of five years after planting. Those different traits of Jatropha curcas indicated that statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) except the seed yield of Cheffa provenance was significantly highest at the age of four years. The maximum seed yield (cheffa) was 38.837 ton/ha/year, and the minimum was 9.016 ton/ha/year (Jewuha) within the same year. All Jatropha curcas provenances seed yield was maximum at the age of four years and declined after six years of age.


Objective To study the five years outcome and influencing factors of housebound elderly people in community. Methods The housebound elderly people from five communities were selected in Tangshan city five years ago. The subjects were investigated with face to face interview and questionnaire survey. Results 275 cases of housebound elderly people after five years had been tracking to 147 cases,of which 85 cases turned into housebound. The average age of non-housebound elderly people was 73±6.39 years and the average age of 62 housebound elderly people was 77±6.35 years. The differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). It showed that more housebound elderly people with spouse,richer economic income,good life habits,ADL scores between 108 and 126,and active social communication,without chronic disease,family care,loneliness and depression turned into non-housebound. The differences were statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion Housebound condition can be improved in housebound elderly people with low age,spouse,good life habits,psychological status and social support.


In this paper,we consider a class of implicit multi-valued vector equilibrium problems,which includes a number of multi-valued equilibrium,implicit vector equilibrium,multi-valued variational inequalities,vector variational inequalities and vector complementarity problems as special cases.By using the generalized form of Fan-Browder fixed point theorem,we establish and prove the existence of their solution of this kind of implicit multi-valued vector equilibrium problems in topological vector spaces.Our results extend and unify some corresponding results of implicit vector equilibrium problems,multi-valued vector variational inequality problems and vector variational inequality problems.


Alberto Giacometti, Study after a Sumerian Sculpture, 1937, blue ball point pen and paper Professor Zainab Bahrani Edith Porada Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology Columbia University London, 10 May 2017, 5:30 pm Warburg Institute Woburn Square London WC1H 0AB Admission free; please register for this event through the Events section of the School of Advanced Study (SAS) here. The chance encounter with images from the past can be understood as an aspect of the Nachleben der A...


Abstract : Plasmablastic lymphoma is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma classically occurring in individuals infected with HIV. Plasmablastic lymphoma has a predilection for oral cavity and jaw. However, recent case reports have shown lymphoma in stomach, lung, nasal cavity, cervical lymph nodes and jejunum in HIV negative individuals. We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of plasmablastic lymphoma occurring in the ano-rectal junction of an HIV-negative man. Keyword :Plasmablastic lymphoma , Fistula-in-ano , Supralevator intersphincteric fistula.


One answer to the question "How is such and such a piece of music heard?" is to describe the experience of that piece, with a set of rules for determining what aspects of that experience arise out of what constituents of sound input. Models which do this may be termed "input-output" models. Another answer is to describe the mental processes which give rise to musical percepts. This paper considers the input-output approach to modelling music perception and indicates how a general modelling system could be produced using "frames" linked to the time domain. It then discusses limitations in the input-output approach and outlines features of a system for modelling music-perceptual processes in terms of specialised encoding mechanisms combined with associative memory. Both input- output and process approaches have a part to play in modelling music perception.


The crystallization patterns of carbamazepine precipitated from a confined microemulsion reservoir were studied by DSC, TGA, Powder XRD, single crystal XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy. The results suggest that interfacial fast nucleation and slow growth from O/W microemulsion leads to a selective, large, and better‐ordered single crystals of dihydrate form with primitive monoclinic unit cell with parameters a=10.16 Å, b=28.70 Å, c=4.93 Å, β=103.33°, cell volume of 1400.7 Å3, and space group P21/c. The crystal structure, as well as the habit, are strongly influenced by the heat dissipation and prefered molecular orientation at the interface.


In this paper we present an ongoing research project focusing how to use design patterns as a way to support teachers' design processes of their teaching supported by collaborative technology. The ...


The telluric factors favorable to nematode pathogenic diversity make yam nematode control ineffective. This work aims at studying the fluctuation in yam nematodes depending on yam phenological stages. Trials were implemented in four yam production areas in Côte d'Ivoire. After inventory of symptoms on yam tubers, the nematodes associated with the symptoms were extracted and identified. The correlation coefficients between the severity of symptoms on tubers and the size of the associated nematode populations were determined. The size of nematode populations associated with the symptoms were determined in 100 g of soil and 100 g of yam peel were determined depending on the phenological stages of yam plants. Galls, cracks, dry and wet rot were observed on harvested yam tubers. Globodera, Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus coffeae and Xiphinema were the nematodes associated with the symptoms. Pratylenchus coffeae was strongly involved in the development of cracks (r = 0.75) and dry rot (r = 0.86) then Meloidogyne spp. in that of galls (r = 0.78). Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. fluctuation in cultivation soils and yam tubers is influenced by yam phenological stages. Their numbers increase in soils and tubers before tuberization initiation. Producers could draw on the results of this study to establish a schedule of nematicide treatments that could start as soon as yam seeds are planted. Original Research Article Kouakou et al.; IJPSS, 32(11): 30-44, 2020; Article no.IJPSS.60199 31


Abstract Due to the increase in Artificial Intelligence in the production systems domain, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) experts must collaborate with autonomous systems. Industrial AI raises several concerns about existing standards, which provide guidelines and design patterns. One way to realize I4.0 systems are Industrial Agents (IAs) due to their inherent autonomy and collaboration. Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) are well suited for realizing distributed AI in I4.0 components. Considering the properties of IAs and existing standards, an MAS architecture is presented for flexible and intelligent Cyber-Physical Production Systems. The article compares I4.0 standardization efforts relevant to adapt AI in the form of IAs, illustrates how IA design patterns can be used, and introduces the Multi-Agent aRchitecture for Industrial Automation applying desigN patterNs practicEs "MARIANNE". An implementation guideline is presented to put this CPPS into practice.


In comparison with her influential political essays on matters of child custody, divorce and marital property settlements, the novels of Caroline Norton remain relatively under-studied. The purpose of this article is to revisit one of these novels, Lost and Saved, published in 1863, and to do so more particularly as an exercise in literary jurisprudence. It argues that the story of Beatrice Brooke, the unfortunate heroine of the novel, is shaped in considerable part by the law; first, by the peculiar terms of a probate settlement which serves to preclude her marriage to her ultimately duplicitous lover Montagu Treherne, and then second, by the broader terms of matrimonial law in nineteenth-century England, the construction of which serves to delude Beatrice into thinking that an 'irregular' marriage to Treherne enjoys some residual legal force. Though the medium is very different, the critique of marriage presented in Lost and Saved is just as urgent as that engaged in Norton's more famous political essays.


Large volumes of natural gas are found in tight, fissured reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing can enhance recovery, but many complications, such as pressure-sensitive or accelerated leakoff, damage, and complex fracturing, arise during treatment of such reservoirs. This paper reports that special procedures generally should be considered during breakdown and fracturing of these reservoirs. In addition, the use of alternative stimulation strategies may be beneficial.


AbstractA thermal neutron inelastic scattering kernel for polyethylene (PE) of any degree of crystallinity based on a recently proposed dynamic model is suggested. The dynamic model takes proper account of the anisotropic linear chain structure of PE that gives rise to an acoustic phonon frequency distribution function, which is quite different from the usual Debye type, and that has been successful in explaining the observed temperature variation of the specific heat of PE of different degrees of crystallinity. The expressions for zero-phonon and one-phonon neutron scattering cross sections are derived by making use of the frequency distribution function. The kernel incorporates the contribution of two-phonon acoustic modes and also that of optical modes. The kernel has been used to calculate the total scattering cross sections of thermal neutrons from crystalline and noncrystalline PE, including amorphous PE. The calculated values of total scattering cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the e...


The authors report the optimization of MgSe barrier thickness in CdSe/MgSe multiple quantum well structures and its effect on structural, optical qualities and intersubband (ISB) transition characteristics. Three samples with the MgSe thicknesses of 2 nm, 3 nm, and 4 nm were grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements showed that the thinner the MgSe barrier thickness the better the structural quality. However, ISB absorption was only observed in the sample with a MgSe thickness of 3 nm. Failing to observe ISB absorption in the sample with a thicker MgSe barrier (≥4 nm) is due to the deteriorated material quality while the missing of ISB transition in the sample with thinner barrier (≤2 nm) is due to the tunneling of electrons out of the CdSe wells. The optimized MgSe barrier thickness of around 3 nm is found to be able to suppress the electron tunneling while maintaining a good material quality of the overall structure.


Developing neurotransmitter systems may be especially vulnerable to environmental neurotoxins and neurotoxicants. Changes in biogenic amine levels in pups exposed to 2,4-D during different developmental periods through mother's milk were detected in this study. Dams were injected with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or with the vehicle (DMSO-control dams) form the 9th till the 15th or the 25th postnatal days (PND). Dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovallinic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), tryptophan (TRP), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in neonate brain, prefrontal cortex (Pfc), hypothalamus (Hy), hippocampus (Hi), striatum (St), midbrain (Mb) and cerebellum (Cer) of 25 day old pups In addition, blood levels of TRP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA, and the liver L-tryptophan peroxidase activity were determined<. TRP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in control animals had different effects according to the age:5-HT increased proportionally to the age, while TRP and the metabolite 5-HIAA highest blood levels occur at PND 15. Exposed pups showed alterations in this profile and a decrease in the hepatic enzyme activity. Besides, results indicate an increase in 5-HT and 5-HIAA in brain levels of 20 and 25 % respectively, in 25 day-old-exposed pups. There were also different alterations in 5-HT, DA and NE transmitters and their metabolites in several brain areas, being Hi, Pfc and St, the most affected areas in 2,4-D exposed pups. The results reported in this study show that exposure to 2,4-D during development induces possible hasted maturation states in biogenic amine systems of neonatal brains.


It's Tea Time! How often do we hear this sentence! People from all walks of life sit together to enjoy a cup of tea for the relaxing sense of community and the aesthetic experience that accompanies it. This work of art presents a radically different view of Tea Time and presents an opportunity to experience a contrast between the simulated design presented by the steam and the tactile, physical, "hands on" design seen in the embroidered artistic teapot. The steam seen coming out of the spout of the teapot, is displayed through a high-dynamic range display which makes the viewer feel as if the steam is, in fact, on the front side of the embroidery instead of behind it. The hand-embroidered teapot is created with six colors that are harmonically blended together to form smooth transitions between light and shadow. The varying orientation of the individual stiches make it appear three-dimensional and solid. The red and orange colors symbolize warmth, love, and passion. This piece of art contrasts two very different processes: the ancient craft of embroidery and cutting-edge technology. Both processes are designed to be compelling when experienced together so as to remind us that we live in a world where artistry from any source can be juxtaposed to create more expressive visual communication.


Pure opportunistic dissemination of content in a vehicular network can incur high delays if the number of vehicles is relatively low. We consider in this paper an area based approach to information broadcast in which vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications is supplemented with vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications in order to improve the delay performance. We show how area-based dissemination can analyzed mathematically using a Markovian model. We also investigate through trace-based simulations how different area partitioning approaches affect the total dissemination time.


While arts management developed as a subject field within business administration in the Anglo‐American world several decades ago, it is only recently that it has started to establish itself in the Nordic countries. However, the increased focus on the administrative and financial aspects of artistic activity which the arts management tradition seems to embody may be interpreted as being a threat to the autonomy of art, and an illustration of ongoing dedifferentiation processes. In this article, I will question whether the increased emphasis on the financial and administrative aspects in the management of art institutions should primarily be interpreted as resulting from differentiation or dedifferentiation. Empirically, the article will be based on a case study of a large Norwegian theatre. The article will show how the border area between what is seen as the artistic domain, on the one hand, and the economic and administrative domain, on the other, is established and reproduced through dominant discourse...


This paper outlines a quantitative procedure developed for assessing the scholarly, teaching, and service accomplishments of faculty members being reviewed for promotion and tenure. This Academic Assessment Index (AAI) is based on the responses of 109 university and college administrators (chairpersons, department heads, and deans) in a national survey. Based on the Law of Comparative Judgment, the AAI was developed from a statistical analysis of these responses. The results may provide an important perspective on the difficult issue of how faculty career advancement portfolios including teaching, scholarly works, and service activities are fudged by senior colleagues and administrators.


A subset / of the nodes of a graph is a maximal independent set if no two nodes of / are joined to each other and every node not in / is joined to at least one node in /. We investigate the behavior of the average number e(n) and the average size μ(n) of maximal independent sets in trees Tn where the averages are over all trees Tn belonging to certain families of rooted trees. We find, under certain conditions, that e(n) ∼ q · En and μ(n) ∼ Sn as n ∞, where q, E, and S are constants that depend on the family being considered.


Urban competitiveness aids local development by encouraging the exploitation of opportunities for economic development and by enhancing overall performance. Previous studies have evaluated urban competitiveness primarily from an economic perspective and few studies have considered locational conditions as factors that might influence local industrialization and urbanization. In response to the publishing of a national plan for the development of major function-oriented zones (MFOZs) in 2010, the present essay employs MFOZs as constraints to enable a balanced and comprehensive study of urban competitiveness that includes four dimensions of competitiveness: Economic, social-cultural, environmental, and locational (accessibility and hypsography). A four-level hierarchical indicator system and an entropy weighting method were used to assess the urban competitiveness of 31 Chinese provincial capitals based on a spatial analysis of data acquired in 2010 using Geographic Information System technology. The results reveal the overall ranking of provincial capitals in terms of urban competitiveness and their performances with respect to the four dimensions of competitiveness. Unlike previous studies, this analysis was performed by overlaying the strategy of the national MFOZ with the urban competitiveness rankings. The development orientation of each provincial city is discussed according to its characteristics of urban competitiveness under the conditions of a MFOZ.


The anger expressed by many colleagues in Africa over the placebo-controlled trials of short-course antiretrovirals in pregnancy is directed at the large resource imbalances which exist between the developed and developing world. While some argue that AZT should be available in Africa if it is widely available in the US that is simply not the case and is unlikely to be so. It makes no sense to insist upon AZT treatment in the control arm of a clinical trial when none of the neighboring HIV-infected women who are not part of the study will be treated with AZT because it is simply unavailable in the public sector. The author explains why the statistical arguments for equivalency trials posited by Lurie and Wolfe are incorrect as outlined in their letter to the New England Journal of Medicine. Using a sample as small as 620 in an equivalency study in this setting means that there is a high likelihood of accepting inequivalence when equivalence actually holds. With regard to cost even though developing countries such as Malawi may not have enough resources to provide even short-course antiretroviral regimens against HIV/AIDS research should continue in hopes that a positive finding in the short-course trials may open up new funding opportunities from the international donor community.


We present a computer simulation study of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, interacting with a single-walled (6,5) carbon nanotube in water. Our study was conducted at 1 bar of pressure, and the temperature varied from 280 to 370 K. Pair correlation functions, coordination number, water hydrogen bonding, density, static dielectric constant, and interaction energy between the nanotube and acid molecules, were determined. Mean square displacement and self-diffusion were also obtained. Our results showed that the herbicide molecules and the nanotube form a complex. Pair correlation functions revealed that acid molecules are most likely found at a distance of 7.4 Å from the nanotube and are located within 20 Å of it. Water hydrogen bonding and dielectric behavior of the mixture were similar to those of pure water. The mean square displacement revealed an incipient plateau located between two regions of linear behavior, which might be related to the frequent coming and going of 2,4-D molecules around the nanotube. The diffusion coefficient of 2,4-D was higher than that of the nanotube. Our results show a trend similar to that revealed in experiments on the capture of 2,4-D herbicide by (6,5) carbon nanotubes, indicating that the interaction parameters here used, produce a reasonable description of the calculated properties. As a general conclusion, our data support the idea that using carbon nanotubes in domestic devices for the dragging and removal of 2,4-D herbicide from water might be feasible.


We haveconceived anovel single photon detector for Carriers IRwavelengths above1jm.Thedetection mechanism isbased oncarrier focalization andnano-injection. Preliminary measuredA datafrom unpassivated devices showa veryhigh internal gain a andlowdarkcurrent at1.55gmatroomtemperature words-single photon detector ifrared detector, type-II, finite element method, simulatiot(


1 The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of tramadol on vascular reactivity in aortic rings from Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2 Aortic rings, with or without endothelium, were obtained from male WKY rats and SHR (15–20 weeks old) and prepared for isometric tension recording. Aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (10 µmol/L) or 40 mmol/L KCl and then exposed to cumulative concentrations of tramadol (0.1–1 mmol/L). 3 Tramadol produced a concentration‐dependent relaxation of precontracted aortic rings from WKY rats and SHR, which was not dependent on functional endothelium. Vascular relaxation was significantly greater in rings from SHR than WKY rats. 4 The concentration of tramadol necessary to produce a 50% reduction of the maximal contraction to phenylephrine (IC50) in rings with and without endothelium from SHR was 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.44 ± 0.03 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.76). 5 Tramadol attenuated the contracture elicited by Ca2+ in depolarized tissue, suggesting that it may inhibit L‐type Ca2+ channels. However, pretreatment with nicardipine (1 µmol/L) prevented the relaxation induced by tramadol in aortic rings from WKY rats and partially reduced its inhibitory effect in aortic rings from SHR. 6 Pretreatment of endothelium‐denuded aorta with glybenclamide (3 µmol/L), 4‐aminopyridine (3 mmol/L), tetraethylammonium (3 mmol/L) and naloxone (100 µmol/L) did not affect tramadol‐induced vasodilation of aortic rings from either WKY rats or SHR. 7 Intravenous administration of tramadol (10 mg/kg) to conscious SHR significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 171.4 ± 5.3 to 129.3 ± 5.3 (P = 0.002) and from 125.0 ± 6.5 to 57.8 ± 8.9 mmHg (P = 0.003), respectively.


Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction and may cause macroscopic hematuria. Giant median lobe hyperplasia is very rare and its definition is not clear. In this case report, the diagnosis and treatment of a case with giant median lobe hyperplasia of the prostate mimicking a bladder tumor were evaluated. A 65-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a 9-month history of intermittent hematuria. Abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a mass measuring 95x85x57 mm filling the bladder. A distinct anatomical plane between the mass and the seminal vesicles could not be identified. In the urethrocystoscopy, it was determined that the mass was the giant median lobe of the prostate. Open suprapubic prostatectomy was performed. A total of 330 g prostate tissue consisting of 180 g median lobe was enucleated. Giant median lobe hyperplasia of the prostate is a rare pathology and may mimic a bladder tumor by causing painless hematuria.


The seeds of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.were dried from 64 g·kg-1 to 53 g·kg-1,41 g·kg-1,32 g·kg-1 and 25 g·kg-1 moisture content in a desiccator with silica gel.The seed vigor and physiological characteristics after accelerated aging were measured.The results showed that the seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index and vigor index separately decreased 6.8%,14.5%,1.39 and 4.18;The germination percentage and vigor of ultra-dried seeds were higher than those of seeds with 64 g·kg-1 moisture content;The activities of dehydrogenase and α-amylase of ultra-dried seeds were higher than those of seeds with 64 g·kg-1 moisture content after aging,while the relative conductivity was lower than that of the latter.It is feasible that Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.seeds to be stored with 32 g·kg-1 moisture content.


Bit operation of scrambler in the WAVE System become less efficient because parallel processing is impossible in terms of hardware and software. In this paper, we propose algorism to find the starting position of the matrix table. Also, when bit operation algorithm of scrambler and algorithms for matrix table, algorithm used to find starting position of the matrix table were compared with the performance as 8 bit, 16bit, 32 bit processing units. As a result, the number of processing times per second could be done 2917.8 times more in an 8-bit, 5432.1 times in a 16-bit, 10277.8 times in a 32 bit. Therefore, algorithm to find the starting position of the matrix table improves the speed of the scrambler in the WAVE and the receiving speed of a variety of information gathering and precision over the Vehicle to Infra or Vehicle to Vehicle in the Intelligent Transport Systems.


SummaryA light-modulated greenhouse controller that varied the air temperature with incoming solar radiation was used in an experiment to compare the response of Craigella, Eurocross B and J172 tomatoes from first anthesis to the end of fruit harvesting to light-modulated and steady day-time air temperature regimes at CO2 concentrations of 600 and 1200 volumes per million.The yield of marketable fruit obtained from the light-modulated temperature regime was on average 26% higher after 6 weeks of picking and 9% higher after 22 weeks of picking than that from the steady temperature treatment. An increase in CO2 concentration from 600 to 1200 vpm resulted in overall increases of 15% and 8% in the early and final yields of ripe marketable fruit respectively. Tomatoes grown under a light-modulated temperature regime reached the half-harvest date on average 5 days ahead of those grown in a steady temperature regime. The difference in earliness of cropping resulting from CO2 enrichment to 1200 instead of 600 vpm...


In this article,Analyses agro-technical popularization setups operation was performed by using the data of edible industrial economy office of industry technology system obtained through a survey.It was clarified that experimental conditions,infrastructure and scale,financial investment,technology,agricultural technology promotion,cooperation with other institutions and the agricultural technology extension evaluation,etc.had a significant influence on the operation of agro-technical popularization setups by the factor analysis.In addition,each agro-technical popularization setup's direction of the management improvement was specified.


The utility model relates to a waste liquid and waste gas burning furnace, which mainly comprises a furnace body main body and a furnace body hearth (5), wherein the upper part of the furnace body main body is singly provided with a waste liquid inlet (7) and a waste gas inlet (8), the burning furnace also comprises a burning machine (10), the burning machine (10) is vertical to the waste liquid inlet (7) and the waste gas inlet (8), and the lower part of the furnace body main body is provided with a dust accumulation hopper (13), a dust outlet (1) and a smoke gas outlet (11). The waste liquid and waste gas burning furnace is characterized in that the furnace body hearth (5) is in a contraction and release pipe structure. The high-temperature smoke gas generated by the burning furnace can pass through a waste gas preheater and an afterheat recovery system for recovering heat, the smoke gas is exhausted into the atmosphere in a standard reaching way after the temperature reduction, the waste gas furnace entering temperature of the preheated waste gas is improved, the fuel quantity is reduced, and the burning heat efficiency of the furnace is improved. The waste liquid and waste gas burning furnace can be single waste gas or waste gas burning equipment and can also be a mixed burning furnace for simultaneously burning waste liquid and waste gas.


Over the past ten years, the field of medicine has undergone some significant changes in terms of the efficiency of disease prediction, largely fueled by discoveries in artificial intelligence and deep learning, used to identify patterns in huge datasets. Healthcare organizations are producing and gathering vast volumes of data, at a rate that is far faster than "conventional" analytical techniques can manage. This is where convolutional neural networks for medical image segmentation come in. Through our work, we bring to light the deep learning techniques used to study regions of the anatomical brain MRIs and use them for brain tumor detection. We have used sequential models of CNNs to predict brain tumors up to an accuracy of 97.50 in MRIs. MRIs are used since they structurally low-noise images and are widely prescribed to study brain structures. In our model to detect brain tumors, we use two fully connected (FC) layers and five convolutional (Conv) layers with a batch normalizing layer that comes after each convolution layer with a sigmoidal activation function on our benchmark dataset of 3000 MRI images, half of which are of the healthy brain and the other half being a brain tumor MRI image. Eighty percent of the photos were used to train the CNN model, while twenty percent were used to test the model bringing about the highest accuracy of 97.50 for 9 and 10 epochs and the lowest accuracy of 96.50 for 6 epochs of our model. We have brought about a novel approach to building deep learning models to train brain MRI segmentation datasets for maximum accuracy in predicting brain tumors. We aim to contribute to the significant initiatives being made by major corporations to pursue deep learning-based healthcare projects.


A new machine visionmeasuring scheme was presented to improve the measurement accuracies of machine vision systems with an ordinary industrial lens and thus to address the extensive requirements for accurately measuring the diameter of shafts. First, method for measuring diameters based on two images was derived on the basis of a pinhole imaging principle, similar triangles and tangent property theorems. Then, a machine visionmeasuring system was introduced. Finally, experiments were performed on a transmission screw, and the results indicate that the method has achieved a higher measurement accuracy, with systematic errors of approximately 2 μm and uncertainties of 4.9 μm.


Simple Summary Sarcocystis spp. are cyst-forming intracellular protozoan parasites characterized by a two-host prey–predator life cycle. The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is one of the South American camelids (SACs), and in recent years, this animal was introduced to China to be raised for its meat, skin, and wool and to be kept as tourist attractions and as pets. There is considerable confusion regarding the classification and nomenclature of the species of Sarcocystis in SACs. Two Sarcocystis species, named S. auchenia and S. masoni, are currently regarded as valid in SACs based on sarcocyst morphology and 18S rDNA sequences. However, the definitive host of S. masoni remains unknown. Here, S. masoni sarcocysts in an alpaca were morphologically described and molecularly characterized. Furthermore, the life cycle of S. masoni was completed via experimental animal infection. The present analysis showed that S. masoni has a close relationship with S. cameli in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries), and the relationship between the two parasites needs to be clarified in the future. Abstract Only 18S rDNA sequences of Sarcocystis spp. in South American camelids (SACs) are deposited in GenBank as references, and the definitive host of S. masoni in SACs is still unclear. Here, S. masoni sarcocysts detected in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in China were investigated with the aid of light (LM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, and characterized using four genetic markers, i.e., 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and ITS, and the mitochondrial cox1. Additionally, the life cycle of the parasite was completed via experimental animal infection. Under LM, S. masoni sarcocysts exhibited numerous 1.3–2.1 μm conical protrusions. Under TEM, the sarcocyst wall contained conical, cylindrical, or irregular-shaped villar protrusions, similar to type 9j. Two dogs (Canis familiaris) fed S. masoni sarcocysts shed sporocysts with a prepatent period of 8–9 days. The newly obtained 18S rDNA sequences showed 98.4–100% identity with those of S. masoni in SACs previously deposited in GenBank. Interestingly, the newly obtained sequences of 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 shared 99.6–100% and 98.2–98.5% identity, respectively, with those of S. cameli in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, or mitochondrial cox1 revealed that S. masoni has a close relationship with Sarcocystis spp. in ruminants. The relationship between S. masoni and S. cameli deserves to be further clarified in the future.


The present invention relates to a powder material having a high entropy of an alloy and preparation method for the supersonic spray. To provide a high entropy alloy powder material and production method, high entropy alloy powder supersonic spray materials may be used, which is characterized by high entropy alloy powder material of each component atom percent composition: Al: 10-20%, Fe: 15-20%, Co: 15-20%, Ni: 15-20%, Cr: 15-20%, Mo: 15-20%, the total percentage is 100%. High entropy alloy powder materials prepared using rapid solidification technology aerosolized. The present invention, a high entropy alloy powder particles are spherical or ellipsoidal, the phase structure of bcc or solid solution of cubic structure, body-centered with a simple surface phase, a uniform composition and microstructure, the alloy high solid solution less segregation; high entropy alloy powder material the method of preparing a controlled powder size, good fluidity and low oxygen content, less environmental pollution, can obtain excellent overall performance or high entropy alloy coating properties superior bulk alloy material by high entropy supersonic spray process.


The hydrosoluble constituents in Gymnadenia Conopsea R.Br. were isolated by column chromatography ,RP -HPLC and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Investigate the chemical constituents in the tuber of Gymnadenia Conopsea R.Br.for studying on the new diasostic food and medicine.Eight structures were identified as p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Ⅰ), vanillic acid ( Ⅱ ), p -hydroxybenzaldehyde ( Ⅲ ), adenosine ( Ⅳ ), 4 -methoxyphenyl β -D -glucopyranoside ( Ⅴ ), 4 - methylphenyl β-D-gluco pyran -oside (Ⅵ), 4-hydroxybenzyl β-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅶ), sucrose (Ⅷ).


A technique is presented which allows a class of solid objects to be synthesized and stored using a computer. Synthesis begins with primitive solids like a cube, wedge, or cylinder. Any solid can be moved, scaled, or rotated. Solids may also be added together or subtracted. Two algorithms to perform addition are described. For practical designers, the technique has the advantage that operations are concise, readily composed, and are given in terms of easily imagined solids. Quite short sequences of operations suffice to build up complex solids bounded by many faces.


In this article we present a complete and normalized morphosyntactic tagset for the annotation of linguistic corpora in Galician. The elaboration of this tagset, designed by the Computational Linguistics Group (SLI) of the University of Vigo, following strictly the EAGLES recommendations (Leech and Wilson, 1996), includes the creation of an intermediate tagset that allows us to establish a correspondence between the grammatical information encoded for Galician in the CLUVI (Linguistic Corpus of the University of Vigo) and the information encoded in the EAGLES standard format in corpora of other languages.


Decades of rapid and widespread digitization of our living and working environments have not yet brought about a comprehensive qualitative improvement of our built environment in terms of sustainability and functional and aesthetic performance. The designs of the future must be much more consistently concerned with optimizing the multimodal performance of human spaces. This paper presents a design approach to implement and combine life-cycle assessment with different simulation methods such as energy efficiency, daylight analysis, acoustics, noise insulation, structural analysis and fire protection in order to provide the designer with tools to evaluate how architectural decisions affect the building performance and its environmental impacts. This approach was applied by the architecture students of a master course at the Universität der Künste Berlin. They were given the program of a building to be constructed in the Siemensstadt in Berlin and they implemented this methodology to come up with different sustainable designs. This paper also discusses the results of this course and empathizes how the implementation of simulation tools does not constrain the possibilities of the design process, but it enriches it and leads to a more sustainable built environment.


Effects of two different supplement ways of phosphate on the growth and toxins production of Alexandrium tamarense(isolated from South China Sea) were studied.The results show that the one-off supplement treatment and pulse supplement treatment may lead to a rising-up trend in cell growth and toxins production.After phosphate addition,the maximum specific growth rates(μ_max) of two groups reach to 0.71 d-1 and 0.63 d-1,respectively,which are remarkably higher than 0.40 d-1 of the control(f/2 medium),and the one-off phosphate supplement can result in more biomass than the pulse one(P0.05).This indicates that if enough phosphate is added to the previous phosphate-inadequate area,an outbreak of red tide may easily be caused.However,there is no significant difference in both the photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m and the per cell toxicity between the two groups(P0.05).The F_v/F_m of Alexandrium tamarense goes from 0.6 at the initial phase down to 0.40 after the 6-day phosphate limitation,and the cell toxicity of the one-off supplement group and the pulse one is about 6 times of that of the control.After phosphate supplement,the F_v/F_m rises up to 0.60 again within 3 days,with the increasing of biomass and the decreasing of per cell toxicity.At the end of the culture the F_v/F_m decreases gradually to 0.40 and the per cell toxicity of two phosphate-limited groups decreases to 0.73 and 0.78 pgSTXeq/cell respectively,being close to the control(0.76 pgSTXeq/cell).The PSP toxins detection by HPLC has showed that GTX1,GTX4,neoSTX and C2 mainly constitute the total toxicity of Alexandrium tamarense,accounting for 98%.


The epitaxial deposition of (111)-oriented GaAs on substrates consisting of BaF2 (111)/Si (100) heterostructures has been investigated. The temperature dependence (from 575 to 650 °C in 25 °C steps) of the initial stages of deposition was examined. Substrates were exposed to Ga and As fluxes simultaneously during these depositions. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction showed that the GaAs grows epitaxially between 575 and 625 °C. The amount of material adhering to the surface during deposition decreases as the substrate temperature increases. GaAs does not adhere to the surface at 650 °C. Analysis of the Ba 3d5/2 photoelectron peak indicated a surface chemical reaction between Ba and the GaAs. In order to determine which species was reacting with the Ba atoms, a BaF2 (111) surface was exposed separately to Ga and As fluxes at 625 °C and to Ga at 650 °C. No chemical interactions were observed, indicating that the presence of both species is required befor...


Patients with Parkinson's disease often experience freezing of gait, which bears a high risk of falling, a prevalent cause for morbidity and mortality. In this work we present GaitAssist, a wearable system for freezing of gait support in daily life. The system provides real-time auditory cueing after the onset of freezing episodes. Furthermore, GaitAssist implements training exercises to learn how to handle freezing situations. GaitAssist is the result of a design process where we considered the input of engineers, clinicians and 18 Parkinson's disease patients, in order to find an optimal trade-off between system wearability and performance. We tested the final system in a user study with 5 additional patients. They reported a reduction in the freezing of gait duration as a result of the auditory stimulation provided, and that they feel the system enhanced their confidence during walking.


Recent work has shown that 2-arm"fling"motions can be effective for garment smoothing. We consider single-arm fling motions. Unlike 2-arm fling motions, which require little robot trajectory parameter tuning, single-arm fling motions are very sensitive to trajectory parameters. We consider a single 6-DOF robot arm that learns fling trajectories to achieve high garment coverage. Given a garment grasp point, the robot explores different parameterized fling trajectories in physical experiments. To improve learning efficiency, we propose a coarse-to-fine learning method that first uses a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework to efficiently find a candidate fling action, which it then refines via a continuous optimization method. Further, we propose novel training and execution-time stopping criteria based on fling outcome uncertainty; the training-time stopping criterion increases data efficiency while the execution-time stopping criteria leverage repeated fling actions to increase performance. Compared to baselines, the proposed method significantly accelerates learning. Moreover, with prior experience on similar garments collected through self-supervision, the MAB learning time for a new garment is reduced by up to 87%. We evaluate on 36 real garments: towels, T-shirts, long-sleeve shirts, dresses, sweat pants, and jeans. Results suggest that using prior experience, a robot requires under 30 minutes to learn a fling action for a novel garment that achieves 60-94% coverage.


facilitate biopsies and resection (Craven et al., 1992). Prognosis depends on tumour size and the number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPF). Ten-year survival rates of 92% have been documented in patients with tumours of less than 6.5 cm diameter (Enzinger and Smith, 1976), while the survival decreases to 29% in cases with more than four mitoses per HPF (Pandy et al., 1997). With regard to haemangiopericytomas affecting gynaecological sites, uterine HPCs are the most frequently reported and to date, 64 such cases have been published (Guercio et al., 1992). In contrast, vulval haemangiopericytoma are extremely rare and only eight cases have been reported so far in the international literature (De Sousa and Lash, 1960; Reymond et al., 1972; Mariani et al., 1998). The main issue in the management of this case is the extent of surgical excision considered as adequate. The recommended primary therapeutic approach usually involves wide excision of the tumour and radical vulvectomy has been advocated in highly malignant cases (Pandy et al., 1997). However, the patient made an informed choice to decline further excision of the surrounding vulval tissue. This may be justified, as no malignant features were noted on histology, but nevertheless the uncertain malignant potential of this tumour and its incomplete excision margins made prognosis in this case difficult to estimate. The authors have not found such a situation being reported previously in the literature. The patient is currently under 6-monthly review in the gynaecology clinic. References Craven J.P., Quigley T.M., Bolen J.W. and Raker E.J. (1992) Current management and clinical outcome of haemangiopericytoma. American Journal of Surgery, 163, 490 – 493. De Sousa L. and Lash A. (1960) Haemangiopericytoma of the vulva. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 78, 295. Enzinger F.M. and Smith B.H. (1976) Haemangiopericytoma. An analysis of 106 cases. Human Pathology, 7, 61 – 82. Guercio E., Siliquini G.P., Aimone V., Ghiringhello B., Mutti F. and Rolfo A. (1982) Hemangiopericytoma of the vulva. Minerva Ginecologica, 34, 451 – 460. Howard J.W. and Davies P.L. (1956) Retroperitoneal haemangiopericytoma associated with hypoglycaemia and masculinization. Delaware Medical Journal, 31, 186 – 192. Mariani L., Ricci Benevolo M. and Ricci P. (1998) Vulvar haemangiopericytoma. Case report. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, 17, 87 – 90. McMaster M., Soule E. and Ivins J. (1975) Hemangiopericytoma: a clinical pathological study and long term follow up of 60 patients. Cancer, 36, 2232 – 2244. Nemes Z. (1992) Differentiation markers in haemangiopericytoma. Cancer, 69, 133 – 140. Pandy M., Kothari K. and Patel D. (1997) Haemangiopericytoma: current status, diagnosis and management. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 23, 282 – 285. Reymond R., Hazra T., Edlow D. and Bawab M. (1972) Haemangiopericytoma of the vulva with metastasis to bone 14 years later. British Journal of Radiology, 45, 765 – 768. Stout A.P. and Murray M.R. (1942) Haemangiopericytoma. A vascular tumour featuring Zimmerman's pericytes. Annals of Surgery, 116, 26 – 33. Wong P.P. and Ysgoda A. (1987) Chemotherapy of malignant haemangiopericytoma. Cancer, 41, 1256 – 1260.


1Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; 2Departamento de ensino e pesquisa, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, Brazil; 3Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGENPRB3), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España; 4Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IISAragón, E-50009 Zaragoza, España; 5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España; 6Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; 7Fundación Pública de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España Introduction: The genetic admixture of the Brazilian population has considerable relevance to the implementation of the principles of pharmacogenomics (PGx), as it may compromise the extrapolation of data obtained in more homogeneous world populations. Purpose: This study aims to investigate a panel of 117 polymorphisms in 35 pharmacogenes, which contains label recommendations or clinical evidence by international drug regulatory agencies, in Amazonian Native American populations, and compare the results obtained with continental population data from the 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. Patients and Methods: The study population is composed of 109 Native American individuals from three Brazilian Amazon groups. The genotyping of the PGx polymorphisms was performed by allelic discrimination using TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping with a panel of 120 customized assays on the QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System. Results: Statistical differences within the Native American populations were observed regarding both genotypes and phenotypes of some genes of the CYP family. The discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPCs) between the NAM group and the continental populations of the 1000 Genomes Project resulted in the clustering of the three Native American populations. Additionally, in general, the NAM group was determined to be closely situated between East Asia, America, and South Asia groups, which enabled us to infer a genetic similarity between these populations. The DAPC analysis further demonstrated that eight polymorphisms and six polymorphisms were more relevant in differentiating the NAM from the continental populations and the NAM populations among themselves, respectively. Conclusion: Some investigated polymorphisms show differences among world populations, particularly with populations of European origin, for whom precision medicine protocols are primarily designed. The accumulated knowledge regarding these variations may assist in the design of specific protocols for Native American populations and populations admixed with them.


This paper presents how Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), integrated in a GIS platform, has been used to analyse ancient settlement patterns, in particular fortified villages and medieval settlements in central Italy. The idea at the base of this method is that each settlement system can be seen as an outcome of a social and territorial background. Through the use of different data such as satellite images, historical cartography and archaeological evidences, it is possible to individuate, with the help of ANN methodologies, some of the links between human settlements and the territory. This methodology allows a double approach: firstly the analysis of ancient settlement pattern distribution itself, and secondly the identification of undiscovered archaeological sites. Particular focus will be put on evaluation and quantification of the relationship between late medieval castles (Xth-XIIIth Century A.D.) and environmental variables, and between actual and ancient land use, with the integration of satellite imagery, in particular Landsat, and the use of historical cartography.


The Wabash River Integrated Methanol and Power Production from Clean Coal Technologies (IMPPCCT) project is evaluating integrated electrical power generation and methanol production through clean coal technologies. The project is conducted by a multi-industry team lead by Gasification Engineering Corporation (GEC), a company of Global Energy Inc., and supported by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Dow Chemical Company, Dow Corning Corporation, Methanex Corporation, and Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation. Three project phases are planned for execution over several years, including: (1) Feasibility study and conceptual design for an integrated demonstration facility, and for fence-line commercial embodiment plants (CEP) operated at Dow Chemical or Dow Corning chemical plant locations (2) Research, development, and testing to define any technology gaps or critical design and integration issues (3) Engineering design and financing plan to install an integrated commercial demonstration facility at the existing Wabash River Energy Limited (WREL) plant in West Terre Haute, Indiana.


Let K be a non-archimedean local field and let G be a connected reductive K-group which splits over an unramified extension of K. We investigate supercuspidal unipotent representations of the group G(K). We establish a bijection between the set of irreducible G(K)-representations of this kind and the set of cuspidal enhanced L-parameters for G(K), which are trivial on the inertia subgroup of the Weil group of K. The bijection is characterized by a few simple equivariance properties and a comparison of formal degrees of representations with adjoint $\gamma$-factors of L-parameters.
This can be regarded as a local Langlands correspondence for all supercuspidal unipotent representations. We count the ensueing L-packets, in terms of data from the affine Dynkin diagram of G. Finally, we prove that our bijection satisfies the conjecture of Hiraga, Ichino and Ikeda about the formal degrees of the representations.


In operating a wind turbine, both predictive and condition-based maintenances are required to minimize the downtime caused by maintenance. The imbalance of rotor rotational speed is an important factor for diagnosing wind turbine failures. The rotational speed imbalance can be caused by accumulated damage or the accumulation of ice, dust, and moisture. In this paper, we proposed a method for detecting the rotational speed imbalance of a wind turbine using a Doppler radar. We calculated the difference in the rotational speed for different times using spectrograms obtained by observing the wind turbine with a Doppler radar and determined the rotational speed imbalance using the fast Fourier transform. The performance of the proposed algorithm was verified using both synthetic and numerical data.


The theory of electron loss from projectile-ions in relativistic ion–atom collisions is extended to the case of collisions with excited atoms. The main feature of such collisions is a resonance which can emerge between electron transitions in the ion and atom. The resonance becomes possible due to the Doppler effect and has a well-defined impact energy threshold. In the resonance case, the ion–atom interaction is transmitted by the radiation field and the range of this interaction becomes extremely long. Because of this the presence of other atoms in the target medium and the size of the space occupied by the medium have to be taken into account and it turns out that microscopic loss cross sections may be strongly dependent on such macroscopic parameters as the target density, temperature and size. We consider both the total and differential loss cross sections and show that the resonance can have a strong impact on the angular and energy distributions of electrons emitted from the projectiles and the total number of electron loss events.


The purpose of the study is to examine psychometric characteristics of Social Provision Scale. The sample consisted of a total 537 university students (320 female and 217 male) from different departments of the faculty of education. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted by using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation and results showed that SPS can be used as single dimension in Turkish culture. In addition, the results demonstrated that SPS has high internal and test-retest reliability. Internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found .90 and test-retest correlation demonstrated that the scale had adequate test stability over a four week period. The total scale score of SPS correlated significantly in the expected direction with measures loneliness and life satisfaction in the university sample. Results discussed and some suggestions were presented in the context of literature.


Three Experiment were conducted to determine the effect of EGF and IGF-1 on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes. Oocytes were cultured in Oocytes Maturation medium with EGF and IGF-1 alone or combinedly at different concentration. The results in experiment 1 showed that there was no significant different between control group and the group with EGF(10μg/L、20μg/L、30μg/L) in maturation rate. In experiment II the maturation rate of goat oocytes was improved significantly in the groups with EGF(20μg/L、30μg/L) (P0.05),but not in the group with 10μg/L EGF. In experiment III the maturation rate in the group containing 10μg/L EGF and 20μg/L IGF-1 was significantly higher than 20μg/L IGF-1 and 10μg/L EGF groups.The results obtained in this study indicate that EGF and IGF-1 have coeffects on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes.


: The influence of globalization has caused many business people to try hard to get market segments for their products and services. Today, a coffee shop is a comfortable place to enjoy cups of coffee. It is made in such a good design and attractive concept which makes customers not only enjoy their coffee but also get involved in a comfortable atmosphere. It can be concluded that people come to Starbucks and Maxx Coffee due to variant menu, comfortable places, and brand image which cause them always want to taste Starbucks and Maxx Coffee products. The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of Servicescape and Brand Image on Customer loyalty through Customer Satisfaction. The data were gathered by conducting interviews and questionnaires and analyzed by using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The research was done at Starbucks and Maxx Coffee Sun Plaza, Medan


In a recent review, Prof. Bousquet wrote that asthma guidelines should identify key decisions, should be simple, and user-friendly, and their recommendations should be supported by evidence from clinical trials [1]. Nobody can possibly dispute the validity of Prof. Bousquet's remarks and therefore the real issues are whether or not asthma management guidelines for children meet these requirements and have improved management in an important and meaningful fashion for the typical asthmatic child being cared for in the community. But before we can address these issues we have to decide what we mean by 'Asthma Management Guidelines'. Do we mean a set of rules which can help us to decide on the severity of the asthma and what treatment we should recommend, or do we mean that the guidelines encompass the much wider issues of diagnosis, evaluation, pharmacological and environmental management, as well as asthma education and self management programs? This distinction is very important because the pediatrician in community practice is most likely to be concerned with how to evaluate and treat the individual child attending his busy clinic while almost all the objective evidence in support of asthma management guidelines relates to the efficacy of patient education and self-management programs. In trying to decide on the value or otherwise of the guidelines, I shall try as far as possible to answer the following questions.


PREFACE INTRODUCTION Free-surface flows in nature and industry Scope of the book FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS Main concepts Governing equations Elements of thermodynamics Classical boundary conditions Physically meaningful solutions and paradoxes of modeling MOVING CONTACT LINES: AN OVERVIEW Essence of the problem Experimental observations Molecular dynamics simulations Review of theories The key to the moving contact-line problem BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON FORMING INTERFACES Modeling of interfaces Conservation laws Liquid-gas and liquid-solid interfaces Liquid-liquid interfaces Summary Open questions and possible generalizations MOVING CONTACT LINES: MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION Flow in the immediate vicinity of a moving contact line Dynamic wetting at small capillary numbers De-wetting and re-wetting Comparison with experiments and some estimates Examples: flows in a quasi-static regime Dynamic wetting at finite capillary numbers Liquid-liquid displacement Summary and outstanding modeling issues CUSPS, CORNERS AND COALESCENCE OF DROPS Singularities of free-surface curvature in experiments Conventional modeling "Missing" physics Singularity-free solution: cusp or corner? Coalescence of drops BREAKUP OF JETS AND RUPTURE OF FILMS Background Drop formation: emerging singularity Experiments on capillary pinch-off "Missing" physics and its qualitative verification Axisymmetric capillary pinch-off: singularity-free solution Pinch-off from a molecular viewpoint Rupture of films Summary APPENDIX A: Elements of vector and tensor calculus APPENDIX B: Equations of fluid mechanics in curvilinear coordinates APPENDIX C: Complex representation of biharmonic functions APPENDIX D: Physical properties of some fluids REFERENCES INDICES


The lithological description of drilled wells and pumping test analysis used to determine the hydrogeological conditions of the west Makhul area, the main ground water aquifer in the area represented by unconfined aquifer within the sediments of Injana Formation, the hydraulic properties of this aquifer (Transmissivity, Storage coefficient, Hydraulic conductivity) were estimated by pumping test, the flow net of ground water was plotted, it reflected that the ground water flow direction from the northeastern to the southwestern which compatible with the general direction of surface drainage system and general slope


Many people are trying to be smarter every day. How's about you? There are many ways to evoke this case you can find knowledge and lesson everywhere you want. However, it will involve you to get what call as the preferred thing. When you need this kind of sources, the following book can be a great choice. crash injuries the integrated medical aspects of automobile injuries and deaths is the PDF of the book.


IndoAcro is an Indonesian acronym and expansion repository created using machine learning and big data technology. The repository can be publicly accessed from www.indoacro.cs.unsyiah.ac.id. Six important steps of IndoAcro have been developed and implemented, which consists of (1) data crawling, (2) data cleaning, (3) generating candidate pairs of acronym and expansion, (4) generating numerical features, (5) classifying the candidate pairs, and (6) filtering the classification results. In this study, we introduce and analyze the implementation of data auto-update for IndoAcro. Since it was developed, IndoAcro has 2,232 pairs of acronym and expansion, collected from more than 50 thousand online news articles. Because no auto-update approach has been implemented previously, the number of acronym and expansion pairs in the database is monotonous, dull, and static. In this study, we introduce and analyze the implementation of data auto-update for IndoAcro. We have analyzed and evaluated the data auto-update process for 180 days, each process consists of 2 days interval. We found that the data auto-update approach has successfully implemented and updated the data for IndoAcro. We collected 1,639 pairs of acronym and expansion in the first run, 343 and 224 pairs in the second and third runs.


This study aims to examine the relationship between specific characteristics of the auditcommittee and earnings quality of earnings management in companie in Indonesia. Audit committee characteristics are used in this study include the size of the membership of the audit committee, audit committee independence, and the frequency of meetings of audit committee members. The research was carried out by the method of documentation. Data collection and documentation is done by classification category written data related tothe research problem. Variables used in this study were dependent variables include earnings management,earnings quality, and the independent variable is the size of the audit committee, audit committee independence and audit committee meeting frequency. The results proved that the simultaneous audit committee size factor, the independent auditcommittee and audit committee meeting to give effect to earnings management, but notsignificantly rerhadao earnings quality.


The contrast between multiculturalist interpretations and assimilationist perspectives on the period of mass immigrations has been one of the most relevant debates in the recent historiography of Argentina. This paper analyzes the problem in one of the secondary cities of the Argentinian Pampa, Mar del Plata, focusing on the Spanish group. After a macrostructural approach that shows the differential distribution of the ethnic groups in the urban space between 1920 and 1930, the article examines a chain migration movement from Pola de Gordon (Leon, Spain) to Mar del Plata. Using a framework of social anthropology, the article proposes a non-linear relation between settlement and ethnic persistence. The microanalytic approach enlightens the spatial mobility and, beyond this fact, the continuity of the original family and kinship links.


A multivariate path model of the relationship between environmental measures and measures of infant cognitive development in 183 adoptive and 165 non-adoptive families was tested.

Environment-development relationships are not confounded by genetic similarity between parents and their offspring in adoptive families. The structure of the genetic factors that mediate ostensibly environmental influences was assessed by comparing multivariate relationships in adoptive families with those in non-adoptive families. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure produced a highly satisfactory fit of the model to the data. The results obtained from fitting a series of simplified models to the data indicate that environmental variables measured by the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) have significant influences on Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) scores, language development as assessed by the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD), and a factor from the Bayley Infant Behavior Record (IBR) termed task orientation. However, the relationships of the HOME to the MDI and SICD are mediated to a similar extent by hereditary influences.


We investigate the Jeans instability of a galactic disk embedded in a dynamically responsive dark halo. It is shown that the disk-halo system becomes nominally Jeans unstable. On small scales the instability is suppressed, if the Toomre stability index Q T is higher than a certain threshold, but on large scales the Jeans instability sets invariably in. However, using a simple self-consistent disk-halo model it is demonstrated that this occurs on scales which are much larger than the system so that this is indeed only a nominal effect. From a practical point of view the Jeans instability of galactic disks is not affected by a live dark halo.


Abstract : Packages are frequently designed so that only the smaller projections of items contact the protective pads, and the package designer is uncertain about the shock-cushioning ability of centrally loaded corrugated fiberboard pads (as happens in cushioning of items having load-bearing projections of different sizes). FPL (Forest Products Laboratory) quantitatively defined this relationship: The optimum effectiveness of partially loaded corrugated fiberboard pads as shock cushions decrease with reduction of the bearing area of the item against the pad. Additionally, the study determined that A-flute pads perform substantially better as shock cushions than B-flute pads when the only difference between the pads involves the geometry of the corrugations. (Author)


NO removal from exhausted gas is necessary due to its damage to environment. Meanwhile, the electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) from N 2 is suffering from a low reaction rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, we propose an alternative route for ammonia synthesis from exhausted NO via electrocatalysis. Density functional theory calculations indicate electrochemical NO reduction (NORR) is more active than N 2 reduction (NRR). Via a descriptor-based approach, Cu was screened out to be the most active metal catalyst for NORR to NH 3 due to its moderate reactivity. Moreover, kinetic calculations reveal NH 3 is the most preferred product relative to H 2 , N 2 O and N 2 on Cu. Experimentally, a record-high EAS rate of 517.1 μmol·cm -2 ·h -1 and FE of 93.5% were achieved at -0.9 V vs. RHE using a Cu foam electrode, exhibiting stable electrocatalytic performances with 100 hours run. The present work provides an alternative strategy to EAS from exhausted NO, coupled with NO removal.


Studies of the few remaining hunter-gatherer societies reveal that a birth spacing interval of up to 4 years can be realized without benefit of any modern contraceptives. The main explanation for this phenomenon is that breastfeeding is practiced in primitive societies for long durations and the infant suckles on demand (i.e., throughout the day and night) rather than on a schedule. Such a feeding pattern, coupled with an atmosphere that encourages breastfeeding, can postpone ovulation for 1-2 years, or possibly even longer. Suckling -- crucial to understanding how breastfeeding postpones ovluation -- induces the release of 2 hormones, namely, prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin is involved in the production of milk and oxytocin works to eject the milk. 2 crucial factors involved in breastfeeding's contraceptive effect appear to be, in order of importance, the frequency of feeding episodes and the duration of its practice. More frequent suckling episodes produce more prolactin than do fewer episodes, and longer feedings produce more milk for future feedings. It is doubtful that prolactin directly inhibits ovulation; rather, its level may be an accurate index for some other factor that inhibits ovulation. Researchers do agree that the frequency and, to a lesser extent, the duration of suckling episodes, as well as the absence of supplemental feeding, are good predictors of how long ovulation will be postponed. If breastfeeding were totally instinctive to humans, perhaps its contraceptive effectiveness would only be dependent on physiological characteristics. Yet, even if a mother is willing to practice unrestricted breastfeeding, the physiological functions also are influenced by psychological factors. Breastfeeding is learned. Attitudes of hospital staff, relatives, friends, and the community towards breastfeeding can affect breastfeeding patterns and hence its contraceptive effectiveness. The "let-down reflex" is the Pavlovian response to suckling that sets milk production and ejection into motion. In some instances, the infant's cry for food can induce the reflex, pointing to the powerful interplay between emotions of the mother and her physical response. In developing countries, the main reason mothers give for ceasing to breastfeed is a lack of milk. The tragedy is that in most cases, the woman who believes that she has too little milk actually has too much. Environments that make breastfeeding appear backward, embarrassing, or inconvenient, however, can inhibit the let-down reflex and thus decrease the frequency and duration of suckling.


The study is a groundwork of Sustainability Leadership. It aims to explore The aim of this research is to examine spiritual leadership as it relates to sustainability measurement from the perspective of Indonesian employees. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from 221 respondents who are Indonesian employees. The collected data was analyzed by Rash Model analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis with second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The Rasch Model results found that employees are aware of their company's sustainable objective. Yet, they still are unable to recognize its impact. The Item measure of Rasch Model shows employees are aware that their current leaders are still reluctant to bring up workplace difficulties. The SEM Findings showed that the three research hypotheses have strong support. First, leadership in sustainability is highly influenced by both vision and hope. Altruistic love, the final factor, has also a big impact on sustainable leadership. Although there have been several past studies, they have been inconsistent and lacking in clarity in developing leadership for sustainability. Hence, this study aims to provide a groundwork of Sustainability Leadership to develop leadership for sustainability measurement.


At the request of Forensic Oceanography, I have offered support in the statistical analysis of the relation between the evolution of mortality and the deployment of SAR NGO vessels. I was provided with a variable for the migrant mortality rate (MMR) per month, which is constructed through a measure for migrant's arrivals from UNHCR and one for deaths from IOM for the years 2015 and 2016. I also had a variable for the number of SAR NGO vessels deployed per month, based on data collected by Forensic Oceanography. I constructed an SPSS data file with these two variables (MMR and SAR NGO vessels) and added two additional variables to indicate the month and the year of the respective measurement points. I then ran three correlations:


Pattern is a description of the shape of the product to be made. Patterns can be made of wood, plastic, sterofoam or metal. The choice of pattern material depends on the shape and size of the cast product, dimensional accuracy, the number of cast products and the type of casting process used. This study uses the pattern of mahogany wood as a pattern making material and used aluminum or rubbers that are remelting in induction kitchen for casting with sand mold co₂. Data analysis shows that the process of designing using software solidworks 2014 is very profitable and simplify in the work of 2D and 3D images. In making flange pattern with mahogany wood facilitate researchers in making patterns and economical prices and patterns made of wood can be used repeatedly By foundry using the sand mold method Co₂ makes it easier to manufacture the product, because the mold has hardened and the mold will not be easily damaged when the pattern release from the Co₂ sand mold. The aluminum characteristic from the test of the chemical composition of the aluminum material is found some elements, among others (Al) 98.46 %, (Zn) 0.60%, (Fe) 0.38%, (Si) 0.180%, (Cu) 0.16%. The percentage of shrinkage from the castings is 2.47% of the original pattern by the method of casting the CO2 sand mold


(57) Abstract: at least two inclusion layers (1, 2) a method for manufacturing individual layered structure (12) which are provided with. Continuous web-like layered structure has a cut line across the width (14) is provided. Continuous web-like layered structure (14) encompasses a particulate material (6, 7, 9) between the inclusion layer (1,2). Continuous web-like layered structure (14) is cut along the cutting line, to provide individual layered structures each has an end surface (15) between the cut (12). Individual layered structure adjacent (12) is moved away from each other after cutting the next. Individual end surface (15) to the junction for the adhesive formulation (16) is encompassed layer is applied to at least a portion of the end surface (15) (1,2) of the individual layered structure (12) to.


The days where swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will occupy our skies are fast approaching due to the introduction of cost-efficient and reliable small aerial vehicles and the increasing demand for use of such vehicles in a plethora of civil applications. Governments and industry alike have been heavily investing in the development of UAVs. As such it is important to understand the characteristics of networks with UAVs to enable the incorporation of multiple, coordinated aerial vehicles into the air traffic in a reliable and safe manner. To this end, this survey reports the characteristics and requirements of UAV networks for envisioned civil applications over the period 2000-2015 from a communications and networking viewpoint. We survey and quantify quality-of-service requirements, network-relevant mission parameters, data requirements, and the minimum data to be transmitted over the network. Furthermore, we elaborate on general networking related requirements such as connectivity, adaptability, safety, privacy, security, and scalability. We also report experimental results from many projects and investigate the suitability of existing communication technologies for supporting reliable aerial networking.


The paper describes a variable speed wind generation system where the torque speed characteristics is carefully regulated to judge the performance of the wind turbine generator system.. A squirrel cage induction generator feeds the power to a double-sided pulse width modulated converter system which pumps power to a utility grid or can supply to an autonomous system. The generation system utilizes IGBT PWM rectifier which scores over other conventional generator converter schemes owing to its low conduction losses and higher impedance. It also lends the system a unity power factor operation and minimizes harmonic distortion in line and machine currents. The turbine characteristics and the torque speed characteristics have been studied in detail by simulation to validate the theoretical concepts established. The modeling of the asynchronous generator connected to the grid is also presented in this article. The uniform reference coordinate is adopted in the whole wind energy conversion system and the simplified model based on the multi-time scale theory is given after establishing the detailed model. In the end, the simulation results assure the validity of the simplified model.


In recent year,Jilin logistics has developed rapidly.However,owing to many reasons,there are some prblems in logistic industry,such as small overall scale,unitary service content,low operation efficiency and so on.They slow down the development of most logistic enterprise of Jilin city,and weaken their competence.For the moderate scale underdeveloped city of Jilin,the disadvantagous factors must be eliminated to develop the logistics.Through studies the present situation of Jilin logistics,this paper analyzes the current problems and their causes,and proposes some solutions for the government and related logistics enterprises to refer to.