Of the many fascinating topics in condensed matter physics, this dissertation aims tocover three subtopics in some detail: 1) Functionalization of surfaces – using single moleculesand/or atoms to change the behavior of a surface. 2) Low dimensional systems – 0D, 1D,or 2D materials whose behavior is often drastically different from the 3D world. 3) 3D to2D crossover – studying what happens to materials as they are thinned down from a bulk3D morphology to a single 2D layer. In addition to these areas of research, there will alsobe a focus on the modifications I made to the Toucan STM, and the rationale behind thosechanges. This portion, in combination with Niv Levy's dissertation, should serve as a user'smanual for that microscope.


Objective: This study aimed to bibliometrically characterize the top 100 most cited (T100) dental articles about COVID-19.
Materials and Method: In the present study, the Web of Science core collection database was used to identify the T100 dental articles on COVID-19 in the category of "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine'' on May 19, 2021. Among the included top most cited articles, the following parameters were recorded and bibliometrically analyzed as article title, publication date, authorship, institution and country of origin, journals, with its impact factor (IF) and quartile, number of citations, study design, study topic, and level of evidence (LOE).
Results: The mean citation count of the T100 dental articles on COVID-19 was 32.77 ± 97.31. The T100 dental articles were published in 43 different journals. The number of citations was positively correlated with journal IF (p<0.05; Spearman's rank test). Four papers were cited more than 100 times. Although 521 authors from 32 different countries contributed to the articles, only 28% had international collaborations. The most productive countries were the USA and China. Of the T100 articles, 50% were of LOE VII and 32% LOE V. The most common study type was narrative reviews (n=38) followed by cross-sectional studies (n=26).
Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis of the T100 dental articles on COVID-19 presents the current status, relationships between disciplines, and popular research trends. According to our analysis, the majority of the published articles are of low level of evidence. The establishment of further international cooperation between researchers may improve the scientific quality of future dentistry articles on COVID-19.


Objective: To observe the long-term effect of decoppering therapy with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine(ITCWM) in treating liver cirrhosis caused by hepatolenticular degeneration(HLD).Methods: Forty-eight firstly diagnosed HLD patients were evaluated by Child-Pugh Scoring and ultrasonography of liver before treatment,1 year after treatment and 2 years after treatment,respectively.The levels of serum hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN) and Ⅳ-collagen(Ⅳ-C) were assayed,and the liver ultrasonography was detected.Results: One year after decoppering therapy with ITCWM,of the 48 patients,32(66.67%) ones achieved improvement in Child-pugh ranking,21(43.75%) ones achieved improvement in liver ultrasonography;the levels of serum HA,LN and Ⅳ-C were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P0.01).Two years after decoppering therapy with ITCWM,44(91.67%) and 31(64.58%) patients achieved improvement in Child-pugh ranking and liver ultrasonography,respectively,there was significant difference in the improvement rate between one year and two years after decoppering therapy;the levels of serum HA,LN and Ⅳ-C were significantly decreased(P0.05,or P0.01) compared with those before treatment and 1 year after decoppering therapy.Conclusion: Long-term decoppering therapy with ITCWM can significantly improve the degree of liver cirrhosis in HLD patients.A long-term and regular decoppering therapy is very important to improve the prognosis of HLD.


This application note demonstrates the use of ASAP, in conjunction with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (ACQUITY TQ Detector) for examining starting materials, monitoring the progress of reductive amination and amide formation reactions, and identifying components in solid-phase extraction fractions. Benefits Without reaction workup or sample preparation, and in less than one minute, structural information can be obtained and informed decisions made without delay. As a result, the organic synthesis workflow efficiency is greatly enhanced, saving time and reducing the cost of analysis.


The value of routinely performing dilatation and curettage (D and C) at the time of laparoscopy has not been established but the practice appears to have no sound indications. Adding D and C to laparoscopy probably increases the morbidity of the operation at least 2-fold. If all laparoscopies in the U.S. had a concurrent D and C the cost of these operations on a nationwide scale might range from $19-$47 million/year. Until the purported benefits of the D and C can be shown to outweigh its risks and costs D and C should probably not be done routinely at the time of laparoscopy. (authors)


Compared with traditional rate sensors, the Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope is smaller, lighter, cheaper and lower in power consumption. Thus, it has been widely used in consumer electronics, automation electronics and inertial navigation systems. However, because of the limitations of contemporary technology, the MEMS gyroscope usually has structure defect which will result in large drift. In this paper, we will report a method for analysis and compensation of MEMS gyroscope drift. Firstly, the gyro error characters are analyzed with the help of Allan variance. After that, Autoregressive (AR) model and auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA) model of gyroscope random drift are built. Besides, Kalman filter will be designed to decrease the random error of gyro. Test result shows that the variance of KF output is no more than 30% of the original signal variance. In conclusion, the combination of Allan variance, time series analysis and Kalman filter induce an excellent compensation effect of MEMS gyroscope drift.


Abstract The kinetics of the reaction was experimentally studied in the platinum black/thymine system. It was shown that the data obtained and the kinetic data of reference2 could be interpreted by the diffusion model and not by the available models of catalyst poisoning. The diffusion model was developed for reactions on dispersed metals. We calculated the dependence of both the reaction zone specific volume and the maximum compound/catalyst ratio ensuring complete conversion of the initial reagent on the radius of the catalyst metal crystallites for a series of values of the process parameter.


Abstract The inverse covariance matrix of a block of Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data tends towards a sparse, band-diagonal form. This matrix is used in the quadratic form of the discriminant function of a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). It can be written in a formal way as a function of partial and multiple correlation coefficients. This allows one to interpret the sparse form of the inverse covariance matrix to show where the important inter-band information lies in a hyperspectral image. Using these results, MLC is related to multiple linear regression, and one finds that the noise in each band becomes an important factor. With the understanding this theoretical analysis engenders, three families of approximations to full MLC are developed which capture most of the information it uses but which are much more efficient both to train and to evaluate during classification of a whole image. The essence of the new methods is to approximate the inverse covarian...


Abstract By codesigning a metaoptical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two examples: subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of the full polarization coherence matrices of multiple light sources. Our end-to-end inverse designs couple the solution of the full Maxwell equations—exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers—with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving ≳104$\gtrsim {10}^{4}$ degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in a way that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude. Incorporating the full wave physics is especially crucial for detecting spectral and polarization information that is discarded by geometric optics and scalar diffraction theory.


In Fitzgerald's opinion, the consequences of such world views culminated into producing a tiny but hugely wealthy group of world elites with huge access to capital in comparison to the massification of poverty in all countries (including the West) and this for Fitzgerald is the starting point of understanding the myth. He further argues that 'primitive accumulation of capital' has been going on since the pre-colonial era and it is the sacrificial process of dispossession feeding capital interests, which creates imagined modern and mutually parasitic binaries. The book has 11 chapters, in which Fitzgerald builds his argument based on critical reviews, conducted mainly by IR theorists. A major part of this 284-page book is devoted to analysing how IR theorists construct religion. This book is an interesting addition to the scholarly field in the sense that Fitzgerald challenges the whole system on which the liberal discourse is based. In this sense it is a rebellious book with a solid and intriguing argument. In summary of Fitzgerald's argument, the liberal discourse is based on the assumption that it is a real discourse liberated from unreal religion whereas the liberal discourse itself is based on imagination where rhetoric construction of myth-makers transforms the imagination into reality as if the discourse exists. To put it simply, he questions the rationale of rationality. For example, he argues why after 9/11 secular IR theorists have use terms such as 'violence', 'religious', 'barbaric' when they write about certain groups which are known as Islamist, whereas 'the massive violence of the secular US state and its intervention in areas of strategic interest and its support for several polities which have little or no democracy at all are depicted for rational reasons as paragons of peace'. However, the book's major shortcoming is that it does not provide any anti-thesis to the myth. In my opinion, by failing to do so, Fitzgerald falls into his own trap. If one is to convinced by his argument that this mythical discourse is universalized with the help of modern myth-makers to serve capital interest, one needs to know what the alternative to this myth is. His failure to produce an alternative discourse to the myth in a way makes a point, which says he himself inscribes what he calls the myth. Thus, his criticism criticises the rhetoric not empiric construction of liberal discourse of religion while he himself uses rhetoric criticism of the discourse of religion without empiric evidence. The question remains – as his writing argues for the irrationality of what we know as rational – how he will quantify his rational argument as rational if Fitzgerald is similarly criticised.


Language Information Processing has to achieve the goal of automated label of word meaning. To realizing this aim one of the chief tasks is construction of synonym synset. Functional synonym is faced with two big problems: scientific description and construction of synset. This article, taking mingming, xianran in Mandarin and obviously, clearly in English as examples, introduces the methods of translation frequency and semantic map model to construct and describe functional synonym synset which shared by human and computer.


DTaP vaccination causes an increased body temperature or fever in most infants. There are pharmacological or non-pharmacological efforts to reduce fever in infants post-DTaP immunization. In addition, shallots are a family medicinal plant in Indonesia commonly used to reduce fever. There should be innovation in the dosage form of shallots so their use is more effective and efficient. This study analyzes the effect of shallot essential oil on fever reduction in infants post-DTaP vaccination. It was a quasi-experimental research design, with one group pre and post-test design. The population of this research was all infants aged 1-12 months who were enrolled in the infant cohort in 2020 at Independent Midwifery Practice (IMP) Istiqomah from May to August 2020. Meanwhile, there were 20 samples by accidental sampling. The research instruments were shallot extract oil, a digital thermometer, and an observation sheet. The data analysis used the Repeated Measures Anova test. The results showed that the mean body temperature before immunization was 36.57 degrees Celcius, while after the experiment was 36.9 degrees Celcius. The statistical test results value ρ = 0.000. There was a significant difference in the mean body temperature from time to time in infants with shallot essential oil administration. This study concludes that shallot essential oil reduces fever in infants post-DTaP immunization. Further research should use a control group, more significant samples, and inclusion criteria limitation.


Apart from being one of the hardest hit sectors during the 2008 financial crisis, the auto sector is also a prominent sector where emerging auto markets such as China have fared relatively well compared to their competitors in North America and Europe. This paper examines various ways that nations have shifted their policy gears to revive and restructure the automotive industry by using the case studies of the USA, France, and China. New sets of policy initiatives are contingent on particular industrial and institutional contexts, but both developed and developing countries have employed wide range of "murky" protectionist measures. This makes it unlikely for the WTO member countries to take a naming and shaming approach and file a case at the WTO level, which poses challenges to the WTO rules and trade liberalization.


The genus Cometacarus Zachvatkin is revised. Three species are known: C. setosus (Koch) from Germany, C. smirnovi Zachv. from the USSR and C. rhodopensis n. sp. from Bulgaria. A key to species is included.


Agronomy Journa l • Volume 108 , I s sue 4 • 2016 Senegal is home to one of West Africa's most stable economies, but like many countries in the region it continues to struggle to provide the daily caloric needs of a growing population. Th e combination of population growth, small land holdings, inadequate agronomic inputs, and the environmental stresses of the region have combined to leave Senegalese smallholder farmers struggling to produce enough food. Located on the western edge of Africa's vast Sahel region, Senegal experiences some very harsh row-cropping conditions. Senegal's central millet–peanut basin has typically received between 250 and 750 mm of rainfall in a given year, and has a typical growing season (rainy season) of 90 d or less (Fussell et al., 1989). Poor soil fertility (Bationo et al., 1998), low waterholding capacity, and little to no organic matter (Fofana et al., 2008, Lahmar et al., 2012) are typical of the sandy soils found in this region of Senegal. In response to these harsh conditions, many smallholder farmers in this region choose to cultivate a combination of drought tolerant crops that include pearl millet, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], cowpea, and peanut. Th e most widely grown cereal crop in the region is pearl millet, which is well adapted to growing conditions not suited for other popular grain crops. It is well adapted for growing in soils that are too sandy, too dry, and too infertile for other grain crops such as maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Stoskopf, 1985). Unfortunately millet in is not being produced at a rate high enough to support the general population, as Senegal remains a net importer of food (FAOSTAT, 2013). According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Senegal yielded a yearly average of 770 kg ha–1 of grain over the past 20 yr, compared to a West African average of 662 kg ha–1 and an Indian average of 898 kg ha–1 (FAOSTAT, 2013). More importantly, Senegal's pearl millet yield average has hardly improved since the 1970s while other crops such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) have all experienced yield increases (FAOSTAT, 2013). Evaluating Intercropping (Living Cover) and Mulching (Desiccated Cover) Practices for Increasing Millet Yields in Senegal


An inherent feature of batch processes is multiple operational phases. So many different phased-based monitoring methods had been proposed in order to monitor batch processes with multiple phases. The key of those methods is how to divide the phases of batch processes. At present, the most of the existing phase-division methods segment the batch process into several phases, where the same phase for difference batch run has equal duration. However, due to production conditions or other factors, the every phase's duration for different batch run is different. To solve this problem, a novel phase division method based on Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Dissimilarity Index (DISSIM) is proposed in this paper. In DISSM-FDA algorithm, DISSIM is used to determine start and end points for each phase and rough division results are given. Then, the unequal phase division algorithm is advanced based on FDA that used to extract the phase characteristics. Application results to an industrial typical multi-phase streptomycin fermentation process show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Hazard detector, especially a fire or intrusion alarm, which communicates either via a two-wire line or wirelessly to a control center and obtains its supply voltage via the two-wire line from the central unit or from a built-in battery and comprises at least one sensitive to a physical quantity sensor and a signal processing circuit, in the alarm state of the alarm via a semiconductor switch (Q1; T1, T2) activates an LED (D1), characterized in that the LED (D1) is connected in series with an inductor (L1), that parallel to this series circuit, a in the direction of current flow through the inductor (L1) and the LED (D1) poled freewheeling diode (D4) is located, that at the control input of the semiconductor switch (Q1; T1, T2) is a composite control signal is applied, which consists of a sequence of short pulses during the "oN" - time of a slow flashing frequency, and in that (at the connection point between the semiconductor switch Q1; T1, T2) and the inductance (L1) is connected to a switching element (D2), that the semiconductor switch (Q1; T1, T2) in the blocking state ...


Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled water that's available in Erbil city (Life, Shireen, Kani, Al-Hayat, Rawan, and Massafi) for drinking purposes, depending on the physicochemical parameters of water (Turbidity, EC, TDS, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, and No3-2). The water quality index showed that the Life, Rawan, and Massafi are excellent; also Shireen, Kani, and Al-Hayat are good for drinking purposes depending on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The results indicate the bottled water quality generally changed from years 2009 to 2012, some of the bottles have changed to the better and improved their quality, and another's changed to the worse side and declined their quality. WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enables the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of different bottle waters.


The current research examined the ability of moral foundations to predict candidate choice in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election across three studies. Results indicated that endorsement of moral foundations predicted voting outcomes beyond that predicted by important demographic variables that are traditionally included in election forecasts and research. When moral foundations were collapsed into two variables (individualizing and binding foundations), increased endorsement of the individualizing foundations consistently predicted support for Barack Obama, and increased endorsement of the binding foundations consistently predicted support for Mitt Romney. The most reliable unique predictor of candidate choice among the five separate foundations was purity, which strongly motivated support for Mitt Romney. Additionally, increased endorsement of the fairness foundation uniquely predicted support for Barack Obama. The effects observed across the three studies demonstrate a direct relationship between moral foundations endorsements and candidate choice. Implications for those using moral appeals in their political influence strategies are discussed.


* The proposed TWIST model aims to achieve a secure MANET by detecting and mitigating packet dropping attack using finite state machine based IDS model.

* To determine the trust values of the nodes using context-aware trust calculation

* To select the trustworthy nodes as watchdog nodes for performing intrusion detection on the network

* To detect and isolate the packet dropping attackers from routing activities, the scheme uses FSM based IDS for differen-tiating the packet dropping attacks from genuine nodes in the MANET.

In this methodology, instead of launching an intrusion detection system (IDS) in all nodes, an FSM based IDS is placed in the trustworthy watchdog nodes for detecting packet dropping attacker nodes in the network. The proposed FSM based intrusion detection scheme has three steps. The three main steps in the proposed scheme are context- aware trust calculation, watchdog node selection, and FSM based intrusion detection. In the first process, the trust calculation for each node is based on specific parameters that are different for malicious nodes and normal nodes.

The second step is the watchdog node selection based on context-aware trust value calculation for ensuring that the trust-worthy network monitors are used for detecting attacker nodes in the network. The final process is FSM based intrusion detection, where the nodes acquire each state based on their behavior during the data routing. Based on the node behavior, the state transition occurs, and the nodes that drop data packets exceeding the defined threshold are moved to the malicious state and restricted to involve in further routing and services in the network

The performance of the proposed (TWIST) mechanism is assessed using the Network Simulator 2 (NS2). The proposed TWIST model is implemented by modifying the Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol files in NS2. Moreover, the proposed scheme is compared with Detection and Defense against Packet Drop attack in the MANET (DDPD) scheme.

A performance analysis is done for the proposed TWIST model using performance metrics such as detection accuracy, false-positive rate, and overhead and the performance result is compared with that of the DDPD scheme.

After the compare result we have analyzed that the proposed TWIST model exhibits better performance in terms of detection accuracy, false positive rate, energy consumption, and overhead compared to the existing DDPD scheme.

In the TWIST model, an efficient packet dropping detection scheme based on the FSM model is proposed that efficiently detects the packet dropping attackers in the MANET. The trust is evaluated for each node in the network, and the nodes with the highest trust value are selected as watchdog nodes. The trust calculation based on parameters such as residual energy, the interaction between nodes and the neighbor count is considered for determining watchdog node selec-tion. Thus, the malicious nodes that drop data packets during data forwarding cannot be selected as watchdog nodes. The FSM based intrusion detection is applied in the watchdog nodes for detecting attackers accurately by monitoring the neigh-bor nodes for malicious behavior. The performance analysis is performed between the proposed TWIST mechanism and existing DDPD scheme. The proposed TWIST model exhibits better performance in terms of detection accuracy, false positive rate, energy consumption, and overhead compared to the existing DDPD scheme

This work may extend the conventional trust measurement of MANET routing, which adopts only routing behavior observation to cope with malicious activity. In addition, performance evaluation of proposed work under packet dropping attack has not been performed for varying the mobility of nodes in terms of speed. Furthermore, various perfor-mance metric parameters like route discovery latency and malicious discovery ratio which can be added for evaluate the performance of protocol in presence of malicious nodes. This may be considered in future work for extension of protocol for better and efficient results.

Furthermore, In the future, the scheme will focus on providing proactive detection of packet dropping attacker nodes in MANET using a suitable and efficient statistical method.


Satellite with different sensors generates images with different characteristics such as, images with spatial resolution such as panchromatic (PAN) images and images with high spectral resolution such as multispectral (MS) images. But for feature extraction, land cover analysis etc. requires images with high spatial and spectral characteristics. Several image fusion methods have been discovered, but each of the methods generates gamut problem. In this paper gamut problem is analyzed visually, a new model improved nonlinear IHS model is used to solve the gamut problem. This model solves gamut problem occurred during image fusion. We have analyzed HIS and iNIHS (Improved Nonlinear IHS Transformation) visually and quantitatively by using intensity substitution during image fusion. After analysis it comes to know that, due to the large intensity differences between input images MS and PAN, there is color distortion in the image. This paper suggests, rather than intensity substitution while image fusion only the spatial details from the PAN image should be embedded into MS image while image fusion.


Objectives/Hypothesis A branchial cleft cyst presents as a lump in the neck that, generally, is easily cured by surgical excision. The preoperative diagnosis is based on clinical examination and, especially in the Scandinavian countries, fine‐needle aspiration cytology. However, at times, the histopathological analysis of the excised cyst reveals a cystic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. If adequate diagnosis could be obtained preoperatively, patients would most likely fare better. The study was performed to investigate whether the diagnostic accuracy for these lesions could be improved preoperatively by image cytometry DNA analysis of the fine‐needle aspiration cytology specimen.


In this paper, one frequency and amplitude measuring instrument is designed by the microcontroller STM32F107 and DE1-SOC. The amplitude of the input wave is measured by the ADC inside the STM32F107 and frequency of corresponding waves is obtained by and fpga in the DE1-SOC development kit and high-speed comparator TLV3501. The measuring range of frequency and amplitude is 0-50MHz and 50mV-2V respectively. The measurement results are very accurate and the error rate is only 0.8%.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as perhaps the most challenging global health problem of this century. The concomitant presence of co morbidities like chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, chronic heart disease etc. makes the task of patient management difficult. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the patterns of liver test abnormalities in patients of COVID 19 infection with and without CKD and evaluate the probable outcomes. MATERIALs and METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective observational study done on 600 patient samples (Group 1 COVID-19 without CKD, Group 2 COVID-19 with CKD and Group 3 non COVID-19 with CKD) which were processed for Liver function test (AST, ALT and ALP) and Renal function test (Urea and Creatinine) in the Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Hospital New Delhi. RESULTS AST and ALT levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all COVID 19 positive patients group 1 mean and 2 SD, (63.63 and 42.89 U/L & 50.25 and 46.53 U/L respectively) and group 2 (90.59 and 62.51 U/L & 72.09 and 67.24 U/L respectively) as compared to Group 3 (25.24 and 7.47 U/L & 24.93 and 11.44 U/L respectively) and also a statistically significant elevation is seen in these two parameters (AST & ALT) in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between eGFR and AST/ALT levels in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In Group 2, a weak positive correlation was seen with ALT (p < 0.01). No significant correlation existed between eGFR and ALP in groups 1 and 2. In Group 3, eGFR showed strong correlations with AST and ALT levels (p < 0.01) and reduction in kidney function correlated well with increase in serum ALP levels, (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study most comprehensively describes that SARS-CoV-2 positive CKD patients show more elevations in serum aminotransferase levels as compared to their non-CKD counterparts, in contrast to non-COVID-19 CKD cases. Serum ALT values in SARS-CoV-2 patients show significant correlation with calculated eGFR values. Elevated ALP values in CKD patients may be used as an indicator of declining kidney function. However, more studies in this direction are needed.


In a reprocessing plant, the various and many accidents identified related to mechanical processes, chemical processes, and storage facilities have to be assessed to know the total risk of the plant. To assess the individual risks of so many potential accidents efficiently and effectively, we have developed a simplified quantitative method called quantitative safety assessment (QSA), based on our experience in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and with reference to the integrated safety analysis used in the United States for fuel cycle facilities. Our method not only includes such PRA features as quantifiability of the results and comparability of risk importance of the contributors to accident sequences but also offers the new features of simplified presentation and easy traceability. The designation of important safety structures, systems, components, and personnel activities is thus facilitated through the use of the results of this method. In this paper, the deployment of the QSA method is demonstrated using an example of a criticality accident in a plutonium partition process.


University Internationalization is an inevitable trend in the development and reformation of higher education.How to better understand the conceptions of internationalized education,and how to precisely determine the strategy for internationalization development and cultivate internationalized talents to serve the social and economic development in China is a common issue which is studied and explored by many scholars and educators.This paper summarizes the following 6 aspects of university internationalization: conception,motivation,content,developing trend and assessment system,followed by a brief comment on them.


The present study of quantitative, descriptive and correlational cross-sectional type was carried out in the I.E. Santa Maria - Miramar of Alto Moche. The general objective was to establish the relationship between Social Determinants (Sociodemographic Factors, Perception of Family Functioning and Parental Control) and the level of alcohol consumption in adolescents. The sample universe was of 69 adolescents, met the inclusion criteria. The AUDIT and CDS questionnaires are used to collect data. The results were processed in IBM SPSS STATISTICS 25 and in uni and two-dimensional distribution tables; it was concluded that a higher age was greater than the probability of a higher percentage of consumption in the female sex of 26 percent and the consumption of risk with 4.3 percent. It was determined that there is a significant relationship between sociodemographic factors and the level of alcohol consumption in adolescents p = 0.002 and p = 0.022, respectively, to age and sex, and the sub-dimension Harmony of perception of family functioning has a significant relationship (p = 0.04) with the level of alcohol consumption.


Emerging ultra-dense networks (UDN) can increase the network coverage and improve the overall throughput which makes it a promising network technology. However, the massive deployment of low power, small coverage micro base stations makes the traditional cell selection algorithm more complex and resource allocation less efficient. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a joint cell selection and hierarchical resource allocation algorithm. To improve the overall system performance, the proposed cell selection algorithm is executed according to the throughput of users. Meanwhile, a heuristic sub-channel allocation algorithm is proposed to improve the resource utilization. In addition, the different service requirements of mobile devices significantly increase the burden of power consumption. So the power allocation process takes into account the balance between the throughput and power consumption. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical algorithm achieves a large performance improvement compared with the other algorithm in system throughput and energy efficiency (EE).


A study of trypsin-dispersed chick liver cell cultures infected with the virulent Jones' Barn strain of Trichomonas gallinae was made by several cytochemical methods. A decline in RNA and RNP is apparent from the 8th hr following inoculation of parasites and becomes pronounced with time. The DNA seems unchanged during the entire experiment. No changes in RNA or DNA were observed in the controls. Significant decrease in glycogen in the epithelial cells becomes evident at 8 hr postinoculation, and after 16 hr this polysaccharide can no longer be detected cytochemically. The controls show no change in glycogen levels. The foregoing changes in the infected cultures are paralleled by an accumulation of lipids in all the cell types. The macrophages and to a lesser extent the epithelial cells contain certain PAS-positive sudanophilic granules, very likely glycolipoprotein in nature, which are probably associated with phagocytosis. The high pathogenicity of the Jones' Barn (JB) strain of Trichomonas gallinae for birds, especially pigeons (Stabler, 1954), mice (Honigberg, 1961; Frost and Honigberg, 1962), and cell cultures (Honigberg et al., 1964) has been well established. In trypsin-dispersed chick liver cell cultures, the parasites cause degeneration of the epithelial and fibroblast-like cells and stimulate activity of the macrophages. The flagellates are phagocytized by the macrophages, within which they multiply. Further, they appear to invade some of the epithelial and fibroblast-like cells (Honigberg et al., 1964). In view of these findings it was thought worthwhile to evaluate the effects of the JB strain on the cell cultures with the aid of cytochemical methods. The present study, which constitutes the first phase of the proposed investigation, deals with observations made on the nucleic acids, glycogen, other PAS-positive material, and lipids in normal and infected trypsin-dispersed chick liver cell cultures. A preliminary report of the study was given at the AIBS meetings at Boulder, Colorado in August 1964 (Abraham and Honigberg, 1964). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Jones' Barn strain, isolated originally by Dr. R. M. Stabler, was employed in this study. The Received for publication 15 February 1965. * This investigation was supported by Research Grant AI-00742 from NIAID, U. S. Public Health Service, and a Teachers Research Grant from the University of Massachusetts. tPermanent address: Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. details of the history of this strain are found in various reports of Stabler (see Stabler, 1954). In all experiments the December 1962 isolate was used (see Honigberg, 1961). The trypsin-dispersed liver cell cultures were prepared and the experiments set up according to the method described by Honigberg et al. (1964). Earle's BSS was used in preparation of the media and for washing cultures. In all instances 5 X 105 organisms from 24-hr trichomonad cultures were inoculated in 0.33 ml of CPLM medium without agar into the experimental cultures, while similar aliquots of fresh CPLM were added to the control cultures. The total volume of the medium in all cultures was 1 ml and the medium was adjusted to about pH 7.5 with the aid of 5% CO2 in air. The experimental and control preparations (on 9 to 10 by 22 mm cover glasses), at least two of each, were removed and fixed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 hr. At each time interval the pH of the medium was also checked. The cell cultures were washed in warm Earle's BSS for at least 5 min before processing them for cytochemical studies. This proved helpful in removing debris accumulated from the medium which otherwise might have given false reactions with the dyes. For the study of the deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids (DNA and RNA), some of the cells were fixed in a cold mixture of diethyl ether and absolute alcohol (1 : 1), stained according to the acridine-orange technique of Bertalanffy and Bertalanffy (1961), and examined under a fluorescence microscope (exciter filters Corning no. 5970 or 5840). May-Griinwald-Giemsa stain was employed for demonstration of deoxyriboand ribonucleoproteins (DNP and RNP), while Azure A-Schiff (Himes and Moriber, 1956) was used for DNA after fixation in Carnoy's fluid. Ribonuclease-treated preparations were employed as controls in the study of RNA. Glycogen and certain carbohydrate-containing materials were demonstrated by the periodic acidSchiff technique (PAS) of McManus (see Pearse, 1961) and counterstained with celestine blue and Meyer's hemalum, after fixation in cold acetic


Written by seasoned experts in library administration, the title of this work, Beyond Survival: Managing Academic Libraries in Transition, does not do it full justice. While the emphasis of the authors at the outset appears to be on the many challenges facing libraries yet to embrace the reality of a changed environment such as shrinking budgets, increasing technology and technology-related expenses, and the heightened expectations of our users (e.g., such as the expectations for a comfortable and varied work environment, the desire to have all information at the push of a button, etc.) this book is actually exceedingly relevant to all libraries. However, the title might be applicable in the sense that it can be argued that perpetual motion is the new constant. Indeed, the authors frame their approach in terms of a need for "fundamental and transformative change," one that involves ongoing and demonstrably proactive efforts. Emphasizing the strategic planning process, this book describes a number of ways to place library users at the center of all planning efforts. Indepth discussion and analysis of changes which have taken place at the University of Arizona Libraries and the University of Pittsburgh's University Library System inform and help ground their discussion, yet the wisdom and specific techniques which were applied to foster improvements in those library systems can be widely applied in other very different library systems and environments. Discussed in detail are issues such as creating effective teams, developing staff, developing consensus by listening to all stakeholders, paying attention to the needs of different segments of patrons, mixing educational efforts of the library staff with marketing of the library for greater impact, the judicious use of consultants when deemed necessary, narrowing the focus of one's efforts on things that matter, developing new services and, most importantly, assessing outcomes and using that data to inform future planning. With 12 years of experience as a library director of a very different type of academic library than the ones upon which these authors focus their attention, this reviewer found the efforts of the authors of this book to be extremely prescient. Any administrator or group tasked with planning responsibilities could do well to use this text as a starting point for exploring different avenues and possibilities.


Water and energy are key resources in the process industry. The increasing pressure on freshwater and energy resources coupled with stringent environmental regulations on effluent discharge limits have called for innovative designs for sustainable use of water and energy. This can be achieved through process integration techniques that are environmentally benign and economically feasible. This work proposes a robust water network superstructure optimization approach for the synthesis of a multiregenerator network for simultaneous water and energy minimization. Two types of membrane regenerators are considered for this work, namely, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. In each of the membrane regenerators, a detailed design model is developed and incorporated into the water network model. The detailed model presented in this work is compared to the more common "blackbox" model, which uses linear expressions to represent costs of regeneration units. The results show that the "blackbox" model gives inaccurat...


For any two right [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is said to be a ps-[Formula: see text]-injective module if, any monomorphism [Formula: see text] can be extended to [Formula: see text]. Also, [Formula: see text] is called psq-injective if [Formula: see text] is a ps-[Formula: see text]-injective module. We discuss some properties and characterizations in terms of psq-injective modules.


In Britain, infanticide is a significant contributor to infant mortality. It may also be an extreme indicator of more widespread but unrecognized infant abuse. Using data from epidemiological studies, this paper describes demographic features of parents who kill their infants, and characteristics of their victims. The extent to which infant homicides can be attributed to mental illness and/or social problems is discussed. Evidence is presented which suggests that another underlying causative factor is probably implicated, namely a relationship pattern which is predominantly disorganized and violent, and which is transmitted from generation to generation. There is need for further systematic and qualitative research into the precursors and circumstances surrounding the homicide of infants so that appropriate preventative strategies can be developed


For a connected graph G of order n > 3 and an ordering s : v1, v2, . . . , vn of the vertices of G, d(s) = n−1 ∑ i=1 d(vi, vi+1), where d(vi, vi+1) is the distance between vi and vi+1. The traceable number t(G) of G is defined by t(G) = min {d(s)} , where the minimum is taken over all sequences s of the elements of V (G). It is shown that if G is a nontrivial connected graph of order n such that l is the length of a longest path in G and p is the maximum size of a spanning linear forest in G, then 2n−2−p 6 t(G) 6 2n−2− l and both these bounds are sharp. We establish a formula for the traceable number of every tree in terms of its order and diameter. It is shown that if G is a connected graph of order n > 3, then t(G) 6 2n − 4. We present characterizations of connected graphs of order n having traceable number 2n− 4 or 2n− 5. The relationship between the traceable number and the Hamiltonian number (the minimum length of a closed spanning walk) of a connected graph is studied. The traceable number t(v) of a vertex v in a connected graph G is defined by t(v) = min{d(s)}, where the minimum is taken over all linear orderings s of the vertices of G whose first term is v. We establish a formula for the traceable number t(v) of a vertex v in a tree. The Hamiltonian-connected number hcon(G) of a connected graph G is defined by hcon(G) = ∑ v∈V (G) t(v). We establish sharp bounds for hcon(G) of a connected graph G in terms of its order.


During each spliceosome cycle, the U6 snRNA undergoes extensive structural rearrangements, alternating between singular, U4–U6 and U6–U2 base‐paired forms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Prp24 functions as an snRNP recycling factor, reannealing U4 and U6 snRNAs. By database searching, we have identified a Prp24‐related human protein previously described as p110nrb or SART3. p110 contains in its C‐terminal region two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). The N‐terminal two‐thirds of p110, for which there is no counterpart in the S.cerevisiae Prp24, carries seven tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains. p110 homologs sharing the same domain structure also exist in several other eukaryotes. p110 is associated with the mammalian U6 and U4/U6 snRNPs, but not with U4/U5/U6 tri‐snRNPs nor with spliceosomes. Recombinant p110 binds in vitro specifically to human U6 snRNA, requiring an internal U6 region. Using an in vitro recycling assay, we demonstrate that p110 functions in the reassembly of the U4/U6 snRNP. In summary, p110 represents the human ortholog of Prp24, and associates only transiently with U6 and U4/U6 snRNPs during the recycling phase of the spliceosome cycle.


In this issue of the Journal, Lipkus and others 1 present a study describing the influence of patient numeracy on the understanding of treatment benefits communicated using the prediction model Adjuvant Online (or Adjuvant! for short). Increasingly, oncologists and their patients have access to such models, enabling them to calculate individualized probabilities of outcomes such as survival or chance of recurrence. Adjuvant! is probably the most widely used, but other models are finding their way into the consulting room too, such as Oncotype DX (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) for breast and colon cancer and the Kattan nomograms for prostate cancer. The models generally provide pretreatment prognostic information to estimate the benefit that patients may obtain from various available treatment options. Adjuvant! is a Web-based program that calculates individualized, 10-year disease-free survival probabilities and predicts the benefit of adjuvant systemic therapy (see www.adjuvantonline.com). The models have generally been developed to support decision making of oncologists but are increasingly being used in clinical encounters with patients. However, patient communication regarding the probabilities from these models is not straightforward. Little research on the impact of using these models with patients has been made available, but we know from the vast literature on risk communication that patients have difficulty understanding risks. The article by Lipkus and others confirms this. Adjuvant! has been implemented widely, a practice that may be seen as remarkable in view of the complexities inherent to risk communication. It is therefore important that studies that assess patients' understanding of the output from the model and its impact on decision making, such as that of Lipkus and others, are carried out in clinical practice. Their study is not only of interest because of the findings related to patient numeracy but also, and perhaps even more so, because of the overall picture it paints of patients' understanding, or lack of understanding, of the model's output. The results are disconcerting, as the authors rightly conclude, and confirm that 30% to 40% of women were unable to correctly identify the treatment that maximized cancer-free survival. Furthermore, less than half of the patients provided a correct estimate of their 10-year disease-free survival after surgery, and this figure dropped to less than 1 in 5 for estimates provided after the various adjuvant therapies. This study is not the first to show the difficulty that patients have with understanding the Adjuvant! printouts. It seems that the information is simply too complex, even for patients high in numeracy, although they admittedly do fare better. In the discussion section of their article, Lipkus and others suggest replacing the Adjuvant! bar charts, shown in Figure 1, with simpler graphics proposed by Zikmund-Fisher and others, who found that the use of pictographs instead of bars (and the addition of the word more in the legend: ''x more women of 100 are alive because of therapy'') doubled the proportion of women responding correctly. However, a much larger improvement (resulting in 2 out of 3 women answering correctly) was obtained by using a 2-option graph instead of the 4option one and by omitting the ''no additional therapy'' and ''chemotherapy only'' options. This was legitimate, as argued by the authors, ''because the physician in our scenario strongly recommended hormonal therapy.'' This suggestion therefore implies that to help patients reach a decision, providers have to limit patients' decisional control by preselecting the treatment options to present. However, because we know that clinicians and patients From Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.


Bladder exstrophy and epispadias are congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract with deformity of the genitals as well as the pelvis, abdominal wall, and bladder in exstrophy. Reconstruction of the anomalies is a complex process with the aims of restoring function and appearance. Fertility and management of pregnancy in the exstrophy patient are also discussed in this chapter.


From 2010 Chile earthquake and 2011 New Zealand earthquake, a peculiar damage was observed in the reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures. The damage of RC shear wall due to the bi-directional horizontal loading was observed from this earthquakes. In general, the RC shear walls are designed to resist the horizontal load in the direction of the principal axis. This design method can be used to ensure the design strength based on the elastic design. However, if the seismic design or performance is based on the inelastic behavior of the structure, the effect of bi-directional horizontal loading on the behavior must be ensued in another viewpoint. Recently, Kabeyasawa et. Al. and Rosso et. Al. performed the test to analyze the effect of bi-directional horizontal loading on the strength and deformability of RC shear wall[1,2]. Most of the previous studies have focused on the analysis of the behavior of the RC shear wall under bi-directional loading. It is necessary to analyze the seismic capacity of RC shear wall to perform the seismic risk assessment of shear wall structures. In this study, the seismic capacity of RC shear wall under bi-directional horizontal load was evaluated by using the cyclic loading test.


This paper has received two very detailed reviews and both reviewers state in their formal recommendation that the scientific significance, the scientific quality and the presentation quality are good to excellent but ask for a second review round before publication. I therefore invite the authors to submit a revised version, incorporating the modifications explained in the public discussion. These modifications mostly relate to additional or restructured explanations of the used methods and additional references to extend the discussion of the results.


Hindus consider cutting teeth known as the mesangih ceremony as an important ceremony to signify maturity and to help control lust. The procedure for the traditional tooth-cutting ceremony consists of filing the teeth three times, sharpening them, and then trimming them. This filing is on the four maxillary incisors and two left and right canines. According to published literature, traditional tools such as chisels, hammers, files, and sangian are used to carry out the ritual tradition of cutting teeth. This study aims to clarify the effect of dental filing on oral health. To achieve the research objectives, this study used a descriptive qualitative approach to describe tooth structure. The data source uses primary data, which is based on existing data from books and journals and then associated with the tradition of cutting teeth or mesangih. There are several impacts of cutting teeth on dental health, namely tooth enamel damage, gum damage, and reduced tooth function. There are several ways to avoid the impact of cutting teeth on dental and oral health including (1) need to maintain healthy teeth and mouth from before to after the implementation of mesangih; (2) organize training or procedures for the implementation of mesangih for sangging in terms of spiritual and health meaning. If this data is done, then every Hindu can carry out the tooth-cutting ceremony safely and comfortably in accordance with the rules of hereditary literature without breaking down existing health rules.


Ground-based ionosphere sounding measurements alone are incapable of reliably modeling the topside electron density distribution above the F layer peak density height. Such information can be derived from Global Positioning System (GPS)-based total electron content (TEC) measurements. A novel technique is presented for retrieving the electron density height profile from three types of measurements: ionosonde (foF2, foE, M3000F2, hmf2), TEC (GPS-based), and O+-H+ ion transition level. The method employs new formulae based on Chapman, sech-squared, and exponential ionosphere profilers to construct a system of equations, the solution of which system provides the unknown ion scale heights, sufficient to construct a unique electron density profile at the site of measurements. All formulae are based on the assumption of diffusive equilibrium with constant scale height for each ion species. The presented technique is most suitable for middle- and high-geomagnetic latitudes and possible applications include: development, evaluation, and improvement of theoretical and empirical ionospheric models, development of similar reconstruction methods utilizing low-earth-orbiting satellite measurements of TEC, operational reconstruction of the electron density on a real-time basis, etc.


The aerodynamic characteristics of ram-air parachute were numerically simulated to analyze flow field mechanism and handling aerodynamic characteristics.Finite volume method was used to solve Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations and shear stress transport(SST)k-ωtwo-equation turbulence model was applied to simulate the turbulence.The liftdrag characteristics agreed with the wind tunnel data,and the influences of leading edge cut,arc anhedral and static panel on the lift-drag characteristics were studied.The unsteady features of ram-air parachute were calculated by software Fluent to study unsteady lift characteristics and the phenomenon of lift coefficient pulsation was caused by unsteady detached eddy.When angle of attack is equal to 16°,the cycle of lift coefficient is 0.36s.Finally,the longitudinal static stability of ram-air parachute in steady gliding stage was analyzed and two different patterns of turning were compared.Compared with the method of edge deflection on one side,the method of closing intakes port on one side is more stable and effective.


Between October 2021 and April 2022, 317 outbreaks caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses were notified in poultry farms in the northeastern Italian regions. The complete genomes of 214 strains were used to estimate the genetic network based on the similarity of the viruses. An exponential random graph model (ERGM) was used to assess the effect of 'at-risk contacts', 'same owners', 'in-bound/out-bound risk windows overlap', 'genetic differences', 'geographic distances', 'same species', and 'poultry company' on the probability of observing a link within the genetic network, which can be interpreted as the potential propagation of the epidemic via lateral spread or a common source of infection. The variables 'same poultry company' (Est. = 0.548, C.I. = [0.179; 0.918]) and 'risk windows overlap' (Est. = 0.339, C.I. = [0.309; 0.368]) were associated with a higher probability of link formation, while the 'genetic differences' (Est. = −0.563, C.I. = [−0.640; −0.486]) and 'geographic distances' (Est. = −0.058, C.I. = [−0.078; −0.038]) indicated a reduced probability. The integration of epidemiological data with genomic analyses allows us to monitor the epidemic evolution and helps to explain the dynamics of lateral spreads casting light on the potential diffusion routes. The 2021–2022 epidemic stresses the need to further strengthen the biosecurity measures, and to encourage the reorganization of the poultry production sector to minimize the impact of future epidemics.


Three copper(ii) complexes viz. [Cu(cur)(L)(ClO4)] (1–3), where Hcur is curcumin and L is 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2′,3′-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 2), or dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz, 3) were synthesized, fully characterized by various physicochemical methods and evaluated for their light-assisted chemotherapeutic potential. The complexes [Cu(acac)(L)(ClO4)] (4–6), where Hacac is acetylacetone and L is phen (in 4), dpq (in 5) and dppz (in 6), were synthesized and used as controls. The solid state structures of complexes 4 and 5 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The curcumin complexes (1–3) were redox inactive at the copper centre, whereas the acetylacetonato complexes (4–6) displayed a Cu(ii)/Cu(i) couple at ∼0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode in DMF. Complexes 1–3 showed an intense curcumin-based band at ∼440 nm in DMF–Tris–HCl buffer (pH = 7.2) (1 : 9 v/v) which masks the copper based d–d band. The complexes bind to human serum albumin (HSA) with moderate efficacy. They also displayed significant binding affinity for calf-thymus (CT) DNA. The lipophilic curcumin complexes show remarkable visible light induced cytotoxicity (IC50 = ∼4 μM) with high phototoxic indices (PI) with low dark toxicity in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The corresponding acetylacetonato controls (4–6) did not show significant cytotoxicity in the dark or light. DCFDA and annexin V-FITC/PI assays using flow cytometry confirm the induction of significant apoptosis in cancer cells via generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon photoactivation. Confocal microscopic images using complex 3 demonstrate localization of the complexes predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum of HeLa cells.


THE NATURE OF COMET NUCLEIMark V. SykesSteward ObservatoryUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721Russell G. WalkerJamieson Science and Engineering5321 Scotts Valley Drive, Suite 204Scoffs Valley CA 95066The icy-conglomerate model of comet nuclei has dominated all others since its intro-duction by Whipple (1950). It provided a basis for understanding the non-gravitationalmotions of comets which had perplexed dynamicists up to that time, and provided a focusfor understanding cometary composition and origin. The image of comets as "dirty snow-balls" was quickly adopted. Such images carried with it the notion that cometary surfacesmust have high albedos, much like a snow-covered field in winter. This view began changingas it was realized that (1) comets were primitive bodies, (2) the most primitive meteoriticmaterial, though most likely deriving from asteroids, was carbonaceous and dark, and (3)it only took a small amount of dark material to significantly reduce the albedo of ice (Clark1982). Groundbased observations also suggested that comets might actually be dark ob-jects (Hartmann et aI. 1982; Cruikshank et al. 1985). This was dramatically confirmedwhen the Giotto and Vega spacecraft flew past the nucleus of Halley's comet in 1986. Thenucleus was found to be so dark that it reflected only about 5% of the incident sunlight(Keller et aI. 1986; Sagdeev et al. 1986).So, how much of the dirty snowball is actually dirt?Estimates based on mass-loss rates determined from gas and dust emissions observedfrom the Earth tended to place the refractory to volatile mass ratio between 0.1 and 1(Greenberg 1982; Delsemme 1982). Thus, comets were primarily ice, both by mass andvolume. The dust impact experiment on Giotto determined that there was a greaterpopulation of large particles than had been previously assumed - particles not easily seenat visual wavelengths from the ground. Based on these measurements it was estimatedthat Halley had a refractory to volatile mass ratio of 2 (McDonnell et al. 1991).Recent analysis of comet dust trails, a phenomenon discovered by the Infrared Astro-nomical Satellite (Sykes et aI. 1986a), suggests that the refractory to volatile mass ratio forshort-period comets should be around 3 (Sykes and Walker 1991). Thus, a comet wouldbe around 50% refractory material by volume (compressed) and 75% by weight. Such amixture at outer-solar system temperatures would be best described as a frozen mudball.


Objective:To assess the feasibility of three-dimensional(3D) whole-liver perfusion MR imaging for the quantitative analysis of colorectal hepatic metastases(CRHMs).Methods:3D whole-liver perfusion MR imaging was performed in 27 patients with CRHMs using 3D volume-interpolated breath-hold examination(VIBE) sequence,which were obtained during the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg(body weight) of contrast medium at 5 mL/s.The following estimated perfusion parameters were mea-sured with semi-automatic software(Tissue 4D) by two radiologists:the volume transfer constant(Ktrans),the volume of extravascular extracellular space(EES) per volume unit of tissue(Ve),and the flux rate constant between EES and plasma(Kep).Statistical analysis was done using concordance correlation coefficient(CCC) measurements and Bland-Altman plots.Results: The mean differences for inter-observer agreement analysis for the 27 patients with CRHMs were(0.0069±0.0135) min-1 for Ktrans,(-0.0084±0.0371) for Ve,(0.0385±0.0685) min-1 for Kep,respectively;and 95 % limits of agreement were-0.0196 to 0.0333 for Ktrans,-0.0812 to 0.0644 for Ve,-0.0958 to 0.1728 for Kep,respectively.The values of CCC measurements for Ktrans,Ve and Kep were 0.95,0.94 and 0.99,respectively.Conclusions: 3D whole-liver perfusion MR imaging with semi-automatic data analysis is feasible for the quantitative evaluation of the perfusion parameters for CRHMs.


One of the characteristics of contemporary philosophy is the consciousness of history. By meditating on history, people broke through the bounds of naturalism, considering history and time as the means for man to return to himself. However, with no exception, all schools of historical philosophy fell into the traps of metaphysics of subjectivity. The later structuralism abandoned the idea of History Memory and criticized the integrity of ego through the study of the synchronicity and diachronicity of structure, while the structuralists represented by Saussure and Levi-Strauss prezencized structure itself by driving out temporality. It is the post modernism that exposed the false opposition. Following Herdegger's idea of the play of space-time, Derrida and Deleuze have found a way to specialize time and temporize space.


This research is aimed investigate perception of EFL students in using Mendeley to help them Early smoking behavior is the beginning of the formation of long-term smoking behavior. Smoking behavior has a detrimental effects in terms of health, economy, social and environment. In terms of health, it is known that a cigarette contains 4000 types of chemicals which is dangerous if it entered human body, whether it swallowed or inhaled, therefore it is necessary to prevent smoking from early age. The aim of the study was to identify Enabling factors of smoking behavior from an early age in students of SMPN 29 Samarinda. The research dimensions were the role of BK teachers, school facilities and infrastructure and students' pocket money. The role of BK teacher is still lacking, because some aspects that need to be considered in students through counseling by BK teachers are not implemented, such as personal, social, learning and career aspects. This is also supported by a lack of facilities and infrastructure, such as no counseling room, application of instrumentation, data collection, data storage devices, technical equipment, and administrative equipment. Pocket money did not affect smoking behavior toward the students. Seeing the function of counseling teacher, the teacher was supposed to be close, familiar and always sought after the students, they should not be avoided or even feared by their students. The adequate infrastructure facilities would support BK service activities to run smoothly as planned. When students did not have pocket money they could get it from their friends, this is initiated by the price of cigarettes which are cheap and easily obtained by students.


With continuous population growth and decreasing cultivated land area, China's food security is greatly threatened. Additionally, coal mining in China is primarily underground mining, which causes land subsidence and destroys existing cultivated land. This effect aggravates the contradiction between a growing population and a shrinking area of cultivated land. The purpose of this study was to introduce a method of filling reclamation with Yellow River sediments to restore farmland and realize the sustainable utilization of cultivated land. The properties of the soil and crop yields in reclaimed farmland were assessed. This study examined farmland reclaimed with Yellow River sediments at an experimental site located in Jining City, Shandong Province, China. Filling reclamation procedures with Yellow River sediments were applied. The reclaimed farmland (RF) and unaltered farmland (CK) were continuously monitored for three years, and the soil was sampled six times. A total of 180 soil samples were collected from RF and CK. The soil properties were measured at three depths: 0–20 cm, 20–50 cm, and 50–80 cm. Crop yields were monitored regularly. The results indicate that filling reclamation with Yellow River sediments is an effective method for restoring farmland. The RF and CK soils were weakly alkaline, non-saline soils. The RF soil was suitable for the growth of local crops. With an increasing number of farming years, both the quality of cultivated land and crop yields have increased. Therefore, filling reclamation with Yellow River sediments is an effective way to realize the sustainable utilization of cultivated land.


Abstract A combination of molecular modelling and thermodynamic techniques are employed to investigate the work of adhesion between materials, in particular to predict the probable stability of an adhesive-substrate joint in the presence of water. We use predictions of molecular interaction energies to look at the interfaces between materials, from which surface energies are obtained which allow predictions of joint stability. In addition, work of adhesion is considered in order to understand the role of the adhesive composition upon the strength of adhesive joints. Finally, the mechanism of adhesion promoters for improving wet strength is explored.


Only a few specific studies have been conducted up to now to perform an objective analysis of the foot functional abnormalities during gait in subtalar coalition patients. In general, clinical results are satisfactory (Kitaoka et al, 1997; Pachuda et al., 1990; Vincent, 1998) while the rate of functional recovery after surgery is not clearly documented. The complex motion between the foot bone segments has been observed by means of three-dimensional tracking systems. Non-invasive stereophotogrammetric techniques have been widely employed (Liu et al., 1997; Leardini et al., 1999) but a further step towards the complete characterisation of foot loading requires the integration of kinematics and kinetics measurements. A piezo-dynamometric integrated system had been developed (Giacomozzi, Macellari, 1997) and then expanded to kinematics measurements and successfully tested (Giacomozzi et al, 2000). This instrument simultaneously estimates the ground reaction force resultants and the pressure distribution throughout the foot-to-floor contact area and on any selected subarea of the footprint. Moreover, a detailed and synchronised description of several shank and foot segment kinematics is also obtained using an anatomical-based tracking system (Leardini et al., 1999). The projection of a number of anatomical landmarks on the footprint would allow an anatomically-based selection of the subareas of interest and a better estimate the relevant local forces and moments (Giacomozzi et al, 2000). The aim of the present study is to assess, the foot function in a group of patients with subtalar coalition and in a group of patients operated for subtalar coalition by means of this novel gait analysis system. The particular set up presented in this study is supposed to provide considerable insight into the biomechanical effects of this pathology on gait patterns and into the effectiveness of relevant surgical treatments.


User-generated content is critical for tourism destination management as it could help them identify their customers' opinions and come up with solutions to upgrade their tourism organizations as it could help them identify customer opinions. There are many reviews on social media and it is difficult for these organizations to analyse the reviews manually. By applying sentiment classification, reviews can be classified into several classes and help ease decision-making. The reviews contain noisy contents, such as typos and emoticons, which could affect the accuracy of the classifiers. This study evaluates the reviews using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest models to identify a suitable classifier. The main phases in this study are data collection, data preparation, data labelling and modelling phases. The reviews are labelled into three sentiments; positive, neutral, and negative. During pre-processing, steps such as removing the missing value, tokenization, case folding, stop words removal, stemming, and applying n-grams are performed. The result of this research is evaluated by looking at the performance of the models based on accuracy where the result with the highest accuracy is chosen as the solution. In this study, data is data from TripAdvisor and Google reviews using web scraping tools. The findings show that the Support Vector Machine model with 5-fold cross-validation the most suitable classifier with an accuracy of 67.97% compared to Naive Bayes with 61.33% accuracy and Random Forest classifier with 63.55% accuracy. In conclusion, the result of this paper could provide important information in tourism besides determining the suitable algorithm to be used for Sentiment Analysis related to the tourism domain.


Technology ethics is increasingly at the forefront of human-computer interaction scholarship, with increasing visibility not only to end users of technology, but also regulators, technology practitioners, and platforms. The notion of "dark patterns" has emerged as one common framing of technology manipulation, describing instances where psychological or perceptual tricks are used to decrease user agency and autonomy. In this panel, we have assembled a group of highly diverse early-career scholars that have built a transdisciplinary approach to scholarship on dark patterns, engaging with a range of socio-technical approaches and perspectives. Panelists will discuss their methodological approaches, key research questions to be considered in this emerging area of scholarship, and necessary connections between and among disciplinary perspectives to engage with the diverse constituencies that frame the creation, use, and impacts of dark patterns.


This paper is mainly introduced the RD of non-standrd bearing ICAD system which is the combination of the expert system and CAD to achieve the aim of automated and intelligent production design.


Animated lessons describe how Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+–ATPase) generates an electrochemical gradient across a membrane and provides two examples of how the energy of charged membranes is utilized. This Teaching Resource provides three animated lessons that describe the storage and utilization of energy across plasma membranes. The "Na,K ATPase" animation explains how these pumps establish the electrochemical gradient that stores energy across plasma membranes. The "ATP synthesizing complexes" animation shows how these complexes transfer energy from the inner mitochondrial membrane to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The "action potential" lesson explains how charged membranes are used to propagate signals along the axons of neurons. These animations serve as valuable resources for any collegiate-level course that describes these important factors. Courses that might employ them include introductory biology, biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, pharmacology, and physiology.


Role identity is defined as a process that people percept and experience the role.Role identity of contemporary college student is a individual psychology problems as well as a social problem.The re-search mainly discusses the role identity of college student and its in-fluential factors.After investigating the role identity of 468 college stu-dents,two conclusions are drawn.First,the main state of role identity is positive.Second,the effect of gender,political identity,grade and whether the one-child on role identity shows a diversity of significant difference.


This chapter uses a developmental approach to understand how collective victimhood is transmitted from generation to generation, focusing on the role of the family and drawing on research examples from Vukovar, Croatia, and Northern Ireland. In these two postaccord and divided societies, ethnic socialization in families serves as a major mechanism through which children and youth learn about their group's history of victimization. The narratives that are shared include both societal narratives of the group's collective experiences of suffering and individual narratives of family members' personal experiences. The chapter stresses the active, agentic role of youth in eliciting narratives of collective victimhood when they are often faced with silence. Through the process of developmental provocation, children can stimulate transmission by asking questions, often in response to information received through other socialization agents such as schools or the media.


Prior research has indicated that aquatic components (e.g., lakes, rivers) of a nature environment have been perceived to be more restorative than nature environments containing greenery components (e.g., trees, grass); this finding has been coined as the "dose effect of water." However, the validity of this finding has been questioned as researchers have failed to generalize the dose effect of water to novel photos. Although subsequent research has been unable to generalize the dose effect of water to an individual's perceived restoration, no studies have observed the cognitive restoration of different nature scenes using performance measures on a sustained attention task. The current study was conducted to determine if certain nature components lead to higher levels of cognitive restoration. Our results indicate there is not a certain nature component that leads to higher cognitive restoration via performance on a brief sustained attention task.


This article analyses Irish labor supply policies in the context of full male employment between 1997 and 2007, exploring whether policymakers made a choice between facilitating the employment of resident mothers by means of developing childcare infrastructure and opening up the labor market to foreign workers. I find that the Irish state did not make an explicit choice between the two labor supplies. However, while labor immigration was greatly expanded, the attempt made to develop childcare infrastructure was inadequate. A cultural setting of familialism and low public social expenditure and a generally positive view of immigration explain the limited state investment in childcare.


Chloroplast ribosomal protein S15 is encoded in the plastid DNA at a single locus in tobacco (1) and liverwort (2) but at two loci in rye (3) and rice (4). Here we report the localization of the two copies of maize chloroplast rpsl5 and the nucleotide sequence of the IR-I1 locus. The gene was first identified on a Southern blot of EcoRI digest of maize chloroplast DNA in the Eco a fragment, using rye rpsl5 gene (3) as the The hybridizing region was subcloned as and the sequence of The rpsl5 is 270 bp from the AUG at 96. (with an upstream Shine-Dalgarno stretch) occurs at position 132, as also in rye and rice respectively, identical (rye, rice) a (tobacco), a plant (liverwort) B. The S15 gene loci are positions and 132370-132860 in the physical of the


The efficiency of different pre-treatment methods on dried sago fiber: steaming, alkaline boiling followed by suspending in diluted acid and alkaline boiling followed by boiling in diluted acid - prior to enzymatic hydrolysis was studied. The effects of pre-treatments in the separated liquid and solid fractions along with its degree of convertibility were examined. Steaming was shown to be the most effective method for preparation of sago fiber prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, producing relatively high recovery of solid fraction (50.6%), cellulose content (38%) with high convertibility degree of fiber (42%), high lignin reduction (6%) and significant concentration of starch (12.8 g/L) in the liquid fraction upon filtration. The results of pretreatment using alkaline was lower at 21.3%, 51%, 2% and 3.3g/L when suspended in diluted acid and at 19%, 49%, 3% and 0.1g/L when boiled in diluted acid, for recovery of solid fraction, cellulose content, lignin reduction and starch content, respectively.


This research study explores the development of new literary practices in the context of wet‐rice farming in Nepal. Designated "legal literacy" by the author, the new practice is socially organized around communal irrigation and involves the social construction of the "reality" of new relations berreen the farmers as well as the establishment of social rules which are codified in a "rulebook." The ideological practice which establishes the materiality and authority of the new social rules and the rulebook permits them to work as resources for the resolution of disputes and for the collaborative management of water, labor, scheduling and compensation for land appropriated for the water system. In establishing the development of legal literacy as situational as well as social, the author compares the infrastructural features and ideological achievement of two villages.


A novel computer tool (peas@tees), designed to assess habitual physical activity levels in children aged 9 and 10 years, was evaluated. Study 1 investigated agreement between peas@tees and accelerometry in 157 children. Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) revealed peas@tees underestimated physical activity levels compared with accelerometry (bias -21 min; 95% LOA -146-105). Study 2 investigated stability of peas @ tees in a separate sample of 42 children. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.84). Computer tools are promising as a cheap, feasible, and useful method to monitor children's habitual levels of physical activity at the group level.


This paper introduces the background,measures and the achievements of the reform of collective forest management system in Hongtian town,Yong'an city,Fujian Province,sums up the successful experiment,in order to offer the reference to deepen the reform of south collective forestry management system.


Main focus of this paper is on investigating mashups for managers in organizations. The question to answer is whether mashups have value for managers, to what extent, and in what ways. The first part of the paper is dedicated to reviewing of what managers do in their work. The second part is to determine what mashups are and what they do. The overlapped functions that managers and mashups share will be highlighted. In order to evaluate mashup effectiveness in management in real world, a conducted experiment will be provided as proof of concept. Therefore, a further study is dedicated to experimenting mashups in the School of Postgraduate Studies (SPS) Admission Unit in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Corresponding managers are involved in assessing mashups usefulness for their management processes. Finally the study will propose mashups for managers in the light of previous studies on mashups themselves and results from the case study.


The environmental factor in the sustainability of poultry production cannot be questionable. But the impact of creatures found in and around poultry houses especially the open sided type found in the tropical and some parts of subtropics is alarming in recent times. This paper examined some of this unwanted creatures whose presence has been established over the years. These among others include those in the broad groups such as aves, reptiles, ants, beetles, weevils and bugs. Others are flies, rodents, cockroaches and endoparasites. The pathological effective roles associated with most of them in the poultry houses are highly varied and characteristically permanent. The description of the organisms, activities, in addition to environmentally and economically justified preventive and control measures were also discussed.


Northern Youjiang passive continental margin rift basin developed NW-trending tensile synsedimentary faults and NE-trending strike-slip faults in Middle-Llate Devonian period.Guided by dynamics of sequence filling and combined with single profiles,profile correlation and plane changes,the authors analyzed filling material and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies in the process of sequence filling.A study of the process of sequence filling reveals that there were two pulsing tectonic activities in each transgressive period and high stand period,with the trend of gradually increasing transgression,and intense extension in NE direction resulted in the formation of synsedimentary faults in NW direction which had time-ordered characteristics.The authors have confirmed that the platform-basin stretched into intra-platform and formed platform alternating with platform-basin.It is concluded that the time-ordered characteristics of tectonism resulted in the differentiation of the distribution of the sedimentary facies in different periods.


Among explanations of the relation of language to cognitive development Bruner, Olver & Greenfield, 1966) and Piaget (1970) provide a contrast. Bruner has held language to be the major instrument of external influences moulding thought, while Piaget views it as merely one medium which represents developing thought systems. The present work is based on the language training experiment in seriation of Sinclair-de-Zwart (1967). Two groups of children comparable in seriation but who were initially at different levels of competence in the appropriate use of the relevant descriptions e.g. bigger/smaller, were trained in this use and then compared for subsequent progress in seriation, immediately and two weeks later. Significant progress followed for experimental subjects which was notably more rapid among those with prior command of the descriptions (middle class children). This advance was eventually equalled by a lower working class group. These results taken together appear to suggest an interactive process uniting speech-in-context with cognition.


Schlauchfolienblaskopf (1) for extruding single layer or multilayer film having at least the following features: • a substantially annular nozzle gap (11) for the extrusion of the film tube, • a plurality of fasteners that fix against each other at least two components (5, 7, 8, 9) which define together the plastic melt inside the leading Schlauchfolienblaskopfes regions (14), • cool-carrying elements characterized, in that at least a part of the fastening means (15) eccentrically arranged and designed as a coolant-guiding elements (24), - and - said portion of the fasteners within the extruded film tube has openings arranged.


This study aimed to evaluate characteristics of the work environment, job insecurity, and health of marginal part‐time workers (8.0‐14.9 hours/week) compared with full‐time workers (32.0‐40.0 hours/week).


The construction of ecological city is a objective need for the humanity to protect the living environment. It is an inevitable result of the economy, society, modern science and technology development. Meanwhile, it is an inescapable choice of realizing the global sustainable development. There are two basic platforms for the construction of ecological city, one is the urban district, namely "city ecosystem".The other is the district around the city, namely "city-region ecosystem". The "city ecosystem" is a complex humanity eclogical system keeping close contact with a certain region, which takes the city crowd as its main bodu while others such as secondary physical feature, natural resources, artifical material factors, are taken as its environment. It's the essence and the primary part of ecological city. But ecological city periphery, the district around city in a certain region, namely the "city-region ecosystem", is the region supporting the ecological city. In light of the deduction, the construction of ecological city must be launched with the dual space dimension: city dimension and city-region dimension in which the city ecosystem and city-region ecosystem can be optimized respectively. With important geographical location, complex natural condition and rich natural resources,Luoyang city is featured with unique economic structure and diverse human elements. It's of the great significance for Luoyang city to construct city eco-system with the dual space dimension. It will help Luoyang advance its process of urbanization and sustainable development. In its city-region dimnesion, the primary mission is to create an environmental platform with good ecological system. The measures should be taken as follows: (1) to protects the resource of the primary productive force, and improve its productivity; (2) to develop the ecological economy and enhance the industry technology content; (3) to raise the level of regional urbanization and impetu healthy development of urbanization advancement; (4) to conformitie resource superiority and advance ecological tourism. In the city dimnesion, the basic duty of the ecology city construction in Luoyang is to enhance the ecological capacity and benefit of the central city. Its main measures are:(1) to expand new space of the city district and extend the city ecology capacity;(2) to optimize the open space and organize the space pattern of the ecology city;(3) to manage the ecological city by market idea and enhance the resource disposition benefit;(4) to strengthen the environmental protection and govern environmental pollution.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) has much diagnostic information to ensure proper clinical decisions in cardiac arrhythmia. Heart rate variations are signposts of current heart disease or imminent cardiac diseases.This study uses an ECG to determine bundle branch block (BBB), a form of heart block involving conduction delay/failure in the heart's bundle branch. Machine learning and data mining methods are considered to improve ECG arrhythmia detection accuracy. Usually an automated classification of cardiac arrhythmias procedure is suggested on the basis of linear and non-linear HRV analysis. This paper presents an automated method for classification of cardiac arrhythmic based on ECG rhythm. RR intervals are extracted from ECG data using Symlet, and symmetric uncertainty is used for feature reduction. Extracted RR data is the classification feature with beats being classified through a Improved Neural Network and finally being evaluated through the use of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database.


Is this possible? Using the 1/5 size assumption, theoretically it is possible to obtain equivalent numbers of baseballs and basketballs in a given sample. However, we must mix the drum first. If we choose to add the ingredients, and then sample, then depending on the sample location, we will not meet our goal of equal numbers of baseballs and basketballs. Therefore, we need to rotate the drum a sufficient number of times to disperse the baseballs throughout the mix.


A time-varying multiple Copula model was constructed,and the Monte Carlo simulation technology was used to calculate VaR(Value at Risk) in order to accurately measure the risk resulting from the four exchange rates: CNY/USD,CNY/EUR,CNY/JPY and CNY/HKD of commercial Banks.Then,a comparative analysis was made on the measurement effect between the static multiple Copula-VaR and the time-varying multiple Copula-VaR.The results show that the connections between these exchange rates are indeed time-varying related,and the measurement effect of the time-varying multiple Copula-VaR is much better.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of microRNA(miRNA) biosynthesis related genes and the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The expression levels and prognostic significance of miRNA biosynthesis related genes mRNA in HCC with paried adjacent nontumorous tissues were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The results of RT-PCR showed that the expressions of Drosha,DGCR8,DBR1,ADAR,Exportin 5 in HCC tissues were up-regulated compared with adjacent tissues(P0.0001),and the expression of Dicer,AGO2,GEMIN3,GEMIN4 in HCC tissues were down-regulated compared with adjacent tissues(P0.0001).The overall survival rate of patients with high DBR1 and Exportin 5 expression was higher than patients with low expression in HCC tissues(P0.05).The overall survival rate of patients with high DGCR8 expression was higher than patients with low expression in adjacent tissues(P0.05).Conclusion Dicer expression may play an important role in the development of HCC.DBR1,Exportin 5 and DGCR8 can serve as a potential intervention target for HCC treatment.


The ECG represents a graph of variations in electrical potential generated by the heart and recorded at the body surface. The contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscles repression in generation of electrical potential which could be used to diagnose different disorders of the heart. In this paper we implement a Novel method to improve the accuracy of heart disease identification using K-NN method. The visual identification of different wavelet features in the ECG signal is done to compare it with respect to the normal values for finding the novelties in it so that physician can make brief move against any issue.


A case of acute effusive-constrictive pericarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection is reported. The clinical course and hemodynamic response to pericardiocentesis are described. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early pericardiocentesis in the therapy of staphylococcal pericarditis.


UHPLC-MS/MS was applied to the determination of residual amounts of characteristic cannabinol in hemp food.Sample was extracted with methanol,which was concentrated and purified by SupelcleanTM LC-Alumina-N solid-phase extraction column.The column was eluted with petroleum ether and the eluate was evaporated to near dryness by N2-blowing and the residue was dissolved with methanol-water(77+23) mixture.Waters ACQUITYTM BEH C18 chromatographic column was used for separation,using mixtures of methanol and water as mobile phase in the gradient elution.ESI with negative ionization mode and multi-reactions monitoring mode were used in the MS/MS analysis.Values of detection limits(3S/N) found were in the range of 0.01-0.05 μg·kg-1.Test for recovery was made by standard addition method,giving values of recovery and RSD′s(n=6) in the ranges of 76.1%-105% and 6.5%-15% respectively.


An effective economy is an effectively managed economy. Any improvement in the management mechanism accelerates, while shortcomings in it impede economic growth. For this reason the Communist Party attaches exceptionally great importance to questions relating to the continuous improvement of economic management. As noted at the Twenty-fifth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the frame work of the existing economic mechanism has become too confining for a continuously developing national economy. The congress called for the acceleration of reorganization and indicated its main directions: the improvement of planning, the more able use of economic stimuli and levers, and the improvement of the organizational structure and methods of management. (1)


Three dimensional reactive flow in a complex annular combustor of Capstone 30 kW micro gas turbine was studied numerically using SIMPLE algorithm.The κ e turbulence model,and the EBU Arrhenius turbulent combustion model were applied to predict the real combustion flow in the combustor.The extended Zeldovich NO x formation mechanism was used to calculate NO x emissions from combustion.The numerical results revel the effect of combustion organizing in a lean fuel pre mixed annular combustor on the combustor performance,and the influence of flow control plate on the combustion flow and the NO x distribution at Combustor exit.The present study is helpful to the combustor design of micro gas turbine with high combustion efficiency,combustion stability,and ultra low NO x emissions.


Social interaction and communication is basically orchestrated through Social Networking Sites (SNS) with Facebook being amongst the most popular ones. Previous research has shown users' personality as a highly relevant factor when examining the way people behave virtually. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Facebook usage and personality in children aged 10 to 13 years with a personal account on Facebook, defined in terms of a Five-Factor Model. The relationship between Facebook usage and users' self-concept regarding their school performance and their happiness and satisfaction about life was also investigated. For this purpose, children's teachers were asked to evaluate children's school performance, in order to better examine the relationship between Facebook usage and users' school performance. Three hundred and forty-eight (348) pupils of elementary and secondary schools in Patras (Greece) participated in the study. The results indicated that Facebook usage has a statistically significant association with personality traits like Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Moreover, children who perceived themselves as good pupils did not have a Facebook account. Also, Facebook usage has been found to be negatively related to users' school performance, as assessed by their teachers. No statistically significant associations were found between Facebook usage and users' self-perceptions regarding their happiness and general satisfaction with life.


This study examined influence of birth order and gender on junior secondary school students' attitude toward Mathematics in Eket southern Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used. A sample of 1000 students was selected by stratified, random sampling procedures. Data was collected with a structured Questionnaire; with a Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate of .77. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t- test were used for statistical test of the hypotheses at .05   level of significance. The result showed that first-borns had more positive attitude toward Mathematics than their other siblings (ANOVA: F= 16.096; p=0.000). Male students showed more positive attitude to Mathematics than their female counterpart (t=6.110; p=0.001). Study concluded that birth order and gender influenced students' attitude to mathematics Eket Nigeria. It was recommended that Mathematics teaching and evaluation strategies should be gender-sensitive so as to minimize gender-related bias and inequity.


Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the cavitating flow around the Clark-Y hydrofoil when the dissolved air is taken into account as the third phase. As the RNG k-epsilon model yields poor prediction due to overestimation of viscosity, the modification approaches including density corrected method, filter-based model and filter-based density correction model are used, and the turbulence model is modified. Also, the numerical results are compared with the experimental data.

Design/methodology/approach
The cavitating flow is known as a complex multi-phase flow and appeared in the regions where the local pressure drops under saturation vapor pressure. Many researches have been conducted to analyze this phenomenon because of its significant impact on the erosion, vibration, noise, efficiency of turbomachines, etc.

Findings
The experiments are conducted in a rectangular test section equipped with Clark-Y hydrofoil providing cavity visualization, instantaneous pressure and vibration fluctuations. The simulations are carried out for different cavitation numbers with and without dissolved air. The Fast Fourier Transform, continues wavelet transform and temporal-spatial distribution of gray level are implemented to extract and compare the shedding frequency of experiments and numerical predictions and cavitation evolution. It is concluded that the flow structure, shedding frequency and time-averaged characteristics are highly influenced by the dissolved air. Also, the numerical prediction will be more satisfactory when the modified turbulence models are applied.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, the originality of this study is the modification of the turbulence model for better prediction of cavitating flow, and the validation of numerical results with corresponding experimental data.


As a field of applied behavioral science, organizational change and development has characteristics of both science and art. I will explore four areas where the science of organizational change and the art of changing organizations are often in tension creating paradoxes that must be resolved or at least "held," misunderstandings, occasional dysfunction, and insight and value. I will argue that the coexistence of science and art can be found specifically in theory creation and utilization, the evaluation of organizational change, the act of organizational diagnosis, and the study of organizational creativity. The advancement of theory, research, and practice in organization development depends, to a very real extent, on the ability to appreciate and to balance science and art in each of these domains.