With the rapid development of productive force,scie nce and technology,and the information economy,people demand and expect more t han ever before for higher education,especially the establishment of new talent cultivation modes.However,single teaching mode of higher education restricts its evolution and development.Hence,universities should actively explore and practice multiple and comprehensive teaching modes.Only in this way,can we promote teaching quality and constitute new mode of teaching and cultivating talents.


Eight patients, four of whom were considered unsuitable for renal transplantation, have been trained to perform home dialysis over a three‐year period. Three other patients who were unsuitable for renal transplantation were considered for home dialysis, but found it unacceptable.


Objective:To optimize the preparation process for Paeonol-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound.Methods:An orthogonal design was employed.The yields of inclusion compound and inclusion rate were used as evaluation index.The inclusion process was chosen based on optimizing the inclusion time,inclusion temperature and the ratio of β-cyclodextrin to paeonol.Results:The optimum inclusion conditions were as follows: the inclusion time was 4.5 h,the inclusion temperature was 60 ℃,and the ratio of β-cyclodextrin to paeonol was 1∶10(g∶g).Conclusion:The optimized inclusion process is feasible.


Abstract Procurement performance is a rapidly developing area of research. Many companies are trying to find tools for optimising procurement performance measures in response to turbulent business markets and for efficiently controlling their business activities. No empirical research has been conducted in the role of procurement quality controls in procurement performance of the energy sector. This research intends to make a contribution to existing procurement literature by measuring the role frolicked by procurement quality controls in procurement performance in the energy sector. The major objective was to: establish the role of value engineering, variety reduction, standardisation and specifications in procurement performance. A cross-sectional survey of energy companies was used in this research. This research targeted practising procurement practitioners working in companies in the energy sector. Purposive sampling method was utilised to select energy companies; however, simple random sampling method was utilised to select seventy 70 practising procurement practitioners from the entire population of eighty five 85 practising procurement practitioners of all energy companies. This research is based on closed-ended questions to procurement managers, procurement officers, buyers, procurement clerks and open-ended interviews for procurement managers only. The data were described and analysed through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (Version 20), and the findings were presented in tables. Analysis for variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were utilised to test the hypothesis. The procurement quality controls clustered into four categories: value engineering, variety reduction, standardisation and specifications were found to have a positive significant correlation in procurement performance. This research finding recommends that practicing procurement practitioners in the energy sector should move towards these procurement quality controls to upsurge procurement performance in order to reinforce its position at the board of directors. Further, important concerns such as why quality consciousness in procurement, creating corporate advantage through procurement quality controls and understanding the effect of procurement quality controls in the correlation between procurement performance and firm performance are some of the other areas worth researching in the future.


The study was conducted in Khowai district of Tripura with randomly selected True Potato Seed (TPS) growers. TPS can serve as a great alternative to the seed tubers in the hilly state of Tripura as only 100 g TPS is needed for one ha. of land
 as compared to nearly 2 tones of seed tubers required to plant in the same area. TPS can be used as a suitable alternative technology of potato cultivation in the state to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of production. The technological
 need of the majority of the TPS growers, i.e., 87.50 per cent was plant protection measures with rank I. The other technological need observed were post harvest treatment (79.17 %) which includes application of boric acid, sorting and grading,
 packing, curing etc. and method of fertilizer application (76.67 %) with II and III rank respectively. So, it is utmost necessary that the agricultural extension workers through regular trainings on plant protection measures with the TPS growers
 should guide the farmers to get optimum yield per unit area by effective management of pests and diseases.


The invention relates to a filter (10) for tobacco products, comprising a first end filter element (12), a second end filter element (14) and a central filter element (16), located between the first and the second end filter element and containing a granular filter material and a wrapping (20), one part of one of the end filter elements (12) being displaceable in relation to the wrapping (20). The invention also relates to smoking articles comprising filters of this type, to filter strands comprising two or more of the filters and to methods and devices for producing filters and tobacco products of this type.


Tephra shards from the Vedde Ash eruption have been identified in two lakes from northwestern Russia and the Polar Ural Mountains. This is the most distal and easternmost occurrence of this regional tephra marker horizon found so far and it extends the area of the Vedde Ash tephra more than 1700 km further east than previously documented. This means that particles the size of fine sand have travelled more than 4000 km from the Katla volcano source, south Iceland. These findings offer a new possibility to correlate archives over a very long distance in the time period around the Younger Dryas.


Abstract : The importance of designing control systems which are robust or insensitive to variations in the plant parameters has long been appreciated. However, the rapid advances in design techniques for multivariable systems has heightened interest in the study and design of robust systems. The purpose of this report is to provide an up to date survey of the work in this field and summarize the results of research in this area conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory. The report begins in Chapter 2 with a description and examples of the robust control problem. Chapter 3 provides a survey of research in the field of robust control. It is apparent from this survey that the work can be divided into two areas. The first assumes unstructured perturbations and analyzes worst case effects. The second considers large, structured perturbations. The parameter space design method presented in Chapter 4 is directed at the second area. The tools of Chapter 4 are applied to a fighter aircraft example in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents an optimization approach to the same problem. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the report and presents several directions for future research. (Author)


Self‐harm and suicidal behaviour is most prevalent during adolescence, but little is known about the risk profile of adolescents admitted to hospital for suicidal behaviour. Young people who self‐harm are at an increased risk of mortality compared to those who do not self‐harm; adolescents admitted to hospital for suicidal behaviour are particularly at risk. The aim of this study was to generate a risk profile of adolescents admitted to hospital with suicidal behaviour.


AbstractA two-dimensional non-linear finite-element analysis micro-modeling approach to simulate unreinforced masonry beams in bending is extended to include a retrofit with a thin layer of ductile fiber-reinforced cement-based material referred to as engineered cementitious composite (ECC). The retrofit method is one that has been demonstrated to add significant ductility to unreinforced masonry infill walls under in-plane cyclic loading and is further expected to enhance out-of-plane bending resistance. The objective of the research is to identify and propose a modeling approach for this complex system of four materials and three different types of interface using basic material properties and established model parameters for future analyses of the retrofit system in structural applications. Of the two geometric models investigated, a simplified approach using expanded brick units with zero-thickness mortar elements is recommended and validated. Brick-mortar interface opening, cracking of the ECC layer ...


Pharmacological perioperative brain neuroprotection: a qualitative review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110: i113–20 17. Brucken A, Cizen A, Fera C, et al. Argon reduces neurohistopathological damage and preserves functional recovery after cardiac arrest in rats. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110: i106–12 18. Lobo N, Yang B, Rizvi M, Ma D. Hypothermia and xenon: novel noble guardians in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy? J Neurosci Res 2013; 91: 473–8 19. Steinmetz J, Rasmussen LS. Peri-operative cognitive dysfunction and protection. Anaesthesia 2016; 71: 58–63 20. Jiang J, Jiang H. Effect of the inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12: 3–12 21. Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K, Jhanji S. Long-term survival for patients undergoing volatile versus iv anesthesia for cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology 2016; 124: 69–79 22. Byrne K, Levins KJ, Buggy DJ. Can anesthetic-analgesic technique during primary cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis? Can J Anaesth 2016; 63: 184–92 23. Buggy DJ, Borgeat A, Cata J, et al. Consensus statement from the BJA workshop on cancer and anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114: 2–3 24. Sorensen MK, Bretlau C, Gatke MR, Sorensen AM, Rasmussen LS. Rapid sequence induction and intubation with rocuronium-sugammadex compared with succinylcholine: a randomized trial. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108: 682–9 25. Harvey M, Sleigh J, Voss L, et al. Development of rapidly metabolized and ultra-short-acting ketamine analogs. Anesth Analg 2015; 121: 925–33 26. Aan Het Rot M, Collins KA, Murrough JW, et al. Safety and efficacy of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67: 139–45 27. Zanos P, Moaddel R, Morris PJ, et al. NMDAR inhibitionindependent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature 2016; 533: 481–6 28. Woll KA, Dailey WP, Brannigan G, Eckenhoff RG. Shedding light on anesthetic mechanisms: application of photoaffinity ligands. Anesth Analg Advance Access published on July 26, 2016, DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001365


Many doctors use the internet to help in diagnosis. As described in the New England Journal of Medicine, one doctor astonished colleagues by diagnosing IPEX (immuno- deficiency, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked) syndrome. She admitted that the diagnosis 'popped right out' after she entered the salient features into Google.


In spite of all the protestations, Mr Milburn has been unable to resist the temptation to carry out the mandatory restructuring of the English NHS as laid out in Shifting the Balance of Power. It is a temptation that few of his predecessors we re likewise unable to resist.


The preservation of natural pastures is important to Rio Grande do Sul because, in addition to its economic value, it has ecological implications. Inadequate or poor management of native pasture can cause an increase in frequency of undesirable native species. Undesirable species can decrease production from pastures, through competition with desirable forage species, or by directly affecting livestock production through reduced intake, or even through toxic effects. Undesirable species, from the animal production point of view, most frequently found in Rio Grande do Sul, are caraguatá (Eryngium horridum Malme), carqueja (Baccharis trimera Less.), chirca (Eupatorium buniifolium Hook.), mio-mio (Baccharis coridifolia DC.) and alecrim (Vernonia nudiflora Less.). Some strategies to control these species include mechanical control, by mowing or dragging iron shanks; chemical control, by herbicides; biological control, by grazing, as well as other management strategies (e.g., fertilization) that could favor native pasture in intraspecific competition. Some of these interventions influence vegetation dynamics, such as grazing and burning. Obviously, the efficacy of all these methods depends on morphological and phenological characteristics, which vary among species. Therefore, it is important to implement the management strategy during the right utilization period. Experiences show that interaction between methods can promote greater efficiency upon species control. The aim of this review is to aggregate the information about undesirable native plants in Rio Grande do Sul and methods for their control.


In order to prevent the vibration of Hydrogen Compressor continuing jumping,according to the vibration datas of condition monitoring,Faulty reasons are found out in time and running characters of the machine are adjusted.


Construction industry makes an important contribution to the Italian Gdp, as well to employment. However, during the recent crisis, the sector fell into a deep downturn, for a mix of factors: the production decline, the small size of enterprises, the increasing level of Npls, the lack of a financial culture. Nonetheless, the sector still maintains a key role for the economy in Italy. It is therefore important to foster the growth of financial planning and business culture in the sector, in order to establish a new credit relation


Uniform and adhesive cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared by using ultrasonic chemical bath deposition (UCBD) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) techniques. Cadmium sulphate and thiourea were used as inorganic precursors. The deposited CdS thin films are extensively studied for characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible–NIR absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural analysis is subjected to the XRD spectra which confirmed the formation of nanocrystalline CdS thin films with hexagonal closed packed structure. Absorption spectra revealed that, CdS films deposited by UCBD have high optical band gap values as compared to those with CBD. Pl Spectra showed that, the band edge emission shifted towards blue region in case of UCBD which can be assigned as a formation of nanosonic thin films. Nanosonic is an emerging new field, which provides interlink and inter relation between ultrasound and nanomaterials. SEM analysis showed almost uniform grain on surface of the substrate.


(57) Abstract: The improved vehicle navigation system uses one of the multiple orthogonal axes accelerometer, such as two mounted orthogonal to each other or three accelerometers. The two axes to be measured their acceleration longitudinal direction (from the nose to the rear bumper) (to the right from the left) axis and a transverse direction which is axial. Tangential or longitudinal axis acceleration, longitudinal once been integrated to obtain the velocity and are again integrated to produce a vehicle displacement. Accelerometer transverse measures the centripetal force that the vehicle encounters used to calculate the acceleration of the centripetal or lateral. Lateral acceleration is used to determine the change in heading derived from the lateral acceleration information and the longitudinal speed. Using the acceleration of change and vertical heading, vehicle navigation system which is improved to transmit the previous position to the current position. This is achieved without the need to connect the speed sensor and the heading sensor of the vehicle. Using third axis acceleration measurement sensor, a vehicle navigation system that is improved is fully independently actuated from the vehicle sensors, further increasing the mounting flexibility. The third accelerometer is calibrated other accelerometers or other sensors, and, for example, inclined pivot longitudinally by detecting, and / or the vertical direction to support the change of the acceleration information in the lateral direction providing tilt (pitch).


Monte Carlo method is used to simulate energies and space distributions of low-energy electrons scattering(E_0≤5 keV) in Ni,NiTi and Ti bulks.The energy distributions of backscattering electrons(BSEs),depth and surface distributions of BSEs,absorbed elections(AEs) and the energy loss are analyzed.Results show that(1)with the decrease of the energy E_0of incidence electrons,depths of BSEs,AEs,and the energy loss in three bulks decrease,and their resolutions increase;(2)for the same E_0,depths of BSEs,AEs and the energy loss have the order of NiNiTiTi,resolutions have the contrary order of NiNiTiTi;(3)for the same E_0,depths of BSEs,AEs,and the energy loss for NiTi,as well as resolutions are approximate to the average ones of Ni and Ti,respectively.


We use supervised learning to identify factors that predict the cross-section of maximum drawdown for stocks in the US equity market. Our data run from January 1980 to June 2018 and our analysis includes ordinary least squares, penalized linear regressions, tree-based models, and neural networks. We find that the most important predictors tended to be consistent across models, and that non-linear models had better predictive power than linear models. Predictive power was higher in calm periods than stressed periods, and environmental, social, and governance indicators augmented predictive power for non-linear models.


This paper reports on an approach to software process modeling with its method. Our model consists of two sub models - one is for tasks which are performed in a software process and another is for resources which perform the tasks, e.g. human participants, project teams, computerized tools and so on. The formal specification language LOTOS (Language of Temporal Ordering Specification) is used to define software processes based on our modeling technique. We have developed the method to represent software processes by using LOTOS based on the methods for software specification & design. Furthermore we have applied our method to an example problem proposed for the 6th Software Process Workshop, and discussed our approach.


During the past decade, there has been a sharp increase in the number of vascular procedures performed in the United States. This rise is expected to increase as the baby-boomer generation reaches retirement age. With the advent of minimally invasive techniques to treat vascular disease, there has also been a staggering rise in the number of endovascular procedures performed. Vascular surgeons have taken an active role in adopting these new technologies, and are in a unique position of being the only specialists who can provide comprehensive medical, surgical, and endovascular treatment to patients with vascular disease. Despite this, public knowledge about vascular disease is poor. In addition, there exists a significant knowledge deficit about the role of the vascular surgeon as the caregiver in managing patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This knowledge deficit is present among the general population and may have a significant effect on how vascular surgeons are viewed by the public, the media, regulatory agencies, and other medical specialists. It also extends to medical students and may contribute to low interest in the choice of vascular surgery as a future career. The purpose of a third-year surgery clerkship, a required medical school rotation, is to expose students to various aspects of surgical care including the rewards and challenges of surgery as a field. At the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), medical students have extensive exposure to vascular surgery during their third-year surgical clerkship. Previous studies have shown that the quality of a surgical clerkship and the experience associated with it may influence students' career choices. We hypothesized that systematic exposure of medical students to vascular surgery may increase knowledge of both PVD and the role of the vascular surgeon in managing this spectrum of diseases. To test our hypothesis, we administered the Vascular Surgery Knowledge Questionnaire (VSQ), a previously validated survey, to medical students immediately before and after their third-year surgery clerkship. We also evaluated factors that affect student interest in vascular surgery as a career.


The symptom, identification, inoculation, cultivated characteristics of the pathogen and outbreak regularity of the wilt disease of Bambusa ventricosa were well studied. The species was identified as Nectria ditissima Tul. at sexual phase, and as Fusarium semitectum Berk. Rav. at anamorphic state. The results of experiments showed that the pathogen of wilt disease was overwintering at soil, and disseminated by winds and rains to infect the wounded stem base of Bambusa ventricosa. The primary infection occurred from the last ten days of February or the first days of March. The peak infection occurred from the first ten days of March to the second ten days of April during early summer rains.The stop infection occurred from the second ten days or the last ten days of May.The freeze injury was important factor to induce infection of the wilt disease.


Radio map estimation (RME) aims at providing a radiofrequency metric, such as the received power strength, at every location of a geographical region of interest by relying on measurements acquired at multiple positions. Although a large number of estimators have been proposed so far, their performance has been analyzed mostly on simulated data. The theoretical aspects of the RME problem as well as performance bounds remain an open problem. This paper takes a step towards filling this gap by means of a theoretical analysis of the RME problem in a free-space propagation environment. First, the complexity of the estimation problem is quantified by means of upper bounds on the spatial variability of radio maps. Second, error bounds are derived for zeroth-order and first-order interpolation estimators. The proximity coefficient, which depends proportionally on the transmitted power and inversely proportionally on the cube of the distance from the transmitters to the mapped region, is proposed to quantify the complexity of the RME problem. One of the main findings is that the error of the considered estimators is roughly proportional to this proximity coefficient. Simple numerical experiments verify the tightness of the obtained bounds.


Although urban growth control policies are widely adopted to help sustainable development in various countries, including China, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness and optimization of such policies in Chinese cities. Hangzhou, China, was chosen for this study as the research object, where the local authorities manage the urban sprawl via an urban development boundary policy. The institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework was employed to identify the conflicts between the central government and the local government as well as the developers and homebuyers in the formal/informal stage. The analysis shows that, with the implementation of the policy, problems such as fiscal crises, property inflation, and illegal construction will appear as a result of actors' interactions. The study also highlights that industrial land transfer inside the boundary should be controlled in a reasonable range and that a land value tax should be introduced during the implementation of the urban development boundary policy.


Curington, Lundquist, and Lin's book, The Dating Divide: Race and Desire in the Era of Online Romance, demonstrates the limits of a moralizing sociological approach to courting behavior shorn of biosocial insight. In this essay, I summarize the book's central findings and claims regarding the roots of systematic, racially exclusionary patterns in online dating. I question the adequacy of their social constructionist, power analytic explanation of such patterns; and I suggest additional interpretations from a multidimensional, biosocial perspective. I argue that reducing dating discrimination to "racism," based on a totally constructed view of romantic desire, is both scientifically and politically shortsighted in today's polarized ideological environment.


On 7 May 1820, four days after landing at Sydney, Australia's first Vicar General, Fr Philip Conolly, celebrated Mass for the first time on the soil of this continent. He was assisted by the co-pioneer, Fr John Joseph Therry. This historic liturgical action took place at the house of John Reddington in Pitt Row, later the site of many a dramatic event, Her Majesty's Theatre. At this time both priests were guests of the Davis household in Charlotte Square. The following day, also at Reddington's, Therry offered Mass for the glory of God and in honour of St Michael.


Introduction. In northern Algeria, various pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) are produced in the region of Mitidja. However, to date, no study has been published on the characteristics of the locally grown cultivars. The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the fruit of three local pomegranate cultivars. Materials and methods. Our study focused on a comparison of the cultivars 'Doux de Kolea', 'Doux de Messaad' and 'Bordj Mira 11', obtained at harvest maturity from the Experimental Station of the ITAFV in the village of Boufarik in the south-west of Algiers, October 2013. A morphological characterization of the fruit, peel and arils was carried out. Some physicochemical characteristics of the juice, including the total soluble solids, pH, acidity, maturity index, total sugar and juice yield, were assessed. Results and discussion. Fruit weight ranged from 194 to 297 g and aril weight from 270 to 280 mg. Similarly, the peel thickness of the fruit ranged between 2.50 and 3.00 mm, while the pH recorded was 3.84−4.60. Total soluble solids ranged from 12.87 to 18.64 °Brix and titratable acidity ranged between 0.31 g 100 mL-1 and 0.50 g 100 mL-1 in pomegranate juices. Vitamin C and total soluble sugar contents were in the range of 9.08−15.74 and 11.33−16.33 g 100 mL-1 , respectively. The comparison of our results with other studies reveals that Algerian pomegranate fruit has juice and peel physicochemical characteristics that could play a valuable role in people's diet and health. Conclusion. This work provides original data about the composition of pomegranate fruit from Algeria (vitamin C, protein, total sugar content, etc.). It demonstrates that indigenous cultivars can be a good source of different nutrients for the local population.


In the blue-green laser submarine communication,the time-frequency shift keying(TFSK) is used to make the system good characteristics of resistance to frequency selective fading,and application of turbo code which has strong error correction ability will further improve the system performance.This paper takes the blue-green laser submarine communication system as a platform,the TFSK technology based on Turbo codes was studied deeply.The side-correlation algorithm was used in demodulation of TFSK,so the wireless optical communication system performance is improved and it got a lower error rate through Matlab simulation.


We report the fabrication of a highly sensitive refractometer based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometry. Using fusion arc splicing technique, a short length of PCF (∼3 mm) was spliced to conventional single-mode fibers on both sides. The voids of the PCF were completely collapsed in the splice region, which acted as mode splitter and combiner on both sides. Microbubbles were formed in the splice region and acted as diverging lens for exciting cladding modes efficiently. The transmission spectrum exhibited detectable "dips" for refractive index (RI) sensing. The bulk liquid sensitivity can reach up to 320 nm/RIU (RI unit) based on the linear curve fit for RI ranging from 1.33 to 1.34. Biosensing experiment was carried out using streptavidin and biotin as respective analyte and receptor. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time of reporting bioaffinity test on the external surface of PCF using modal interferometry.


Background: Recent data show that cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) might cause hemorrhagic lesions in cerebellar cortex as well as cerebral atrophy. However, the potential effect of CAA on cerebel...


An optical method for non-intrusive wave amplitude measurement is examined. An experimental setup was constructed to produce sprays of various fluids including Canola oil and glycerin-water mixtures, such that precise control of pressure up to 140 psi was possible. A spray was produced by a 20 Gallon per hour oil burner nozzle at varying pressures. Initially, a smooth laminar conical sheet was noticed which eventually was found to break up into droplets. A laser was passed through the laminar conical sheet and was projected onto a surface on the other side and resulted in a vertical linear projection. This projection is postulated to be formed due to the scanning motion of the laser beam as instability waves pass through the laser. The angle of this scan was found to be a function of pressure, cone angle, and distance of laser from nozzle. High resolution images were taken of the film profile as well as the projected image and image analysis software was used to calculate cone angles and angular scan of the laser. Tests were performed with Canola Oil as well as a mixture of glycerin and water in order to evaluate the effect of viscosity and surface tension on the measurements. The resulting data was used to illustrate a principle for determining the instability wave amplitude using this technique.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


This section provides the 2010 awards to State and Local Education Agencies and Indian Tributes for Grants for the Integration of Schools and Mental Health Systems


This work studies the interplay between multithreaded cores and speculative parallelism (e.g., transactional memory or thread-level speculation). These techniques are often used together, yet they have been developed independently. This disconnect causes major performance pathologies: increasing the number of threads per core adds conflicts and wasted work, and puts pressure on speculative execution resources. These pathologies often squander the benefits of multithreading.We present speculation-aware multithreading (SAM), a simple policy that addresses these pathologies. By coordinating instruction dispatch and conflict resolution priorities, SAM focuses execution resources on work that is more likely to commit, avoiding aborts and using speculation resources more efficiently.We design SAM variants for in-order and out-of-order cores. SAM is cheap to implement and makes multithreaded cores much more beneficial on speculative parallel programs. We evaluate SAM on systems with up to 64 SMT cores. With SAM, 8-threaded cores outperform single-threaded cores by 2.33x on average, while a speculation-oblivious policy yields a 1.85x speedup. SAM also reduces wasted work by 52%.


Expeller canola meal (ECM) as described by Milton et al. (1996) was shown by Masters and Mata (1996) to be superior to lupins to increase wool growth in reproducing ewes. Partial replacement of lupins fed to dairy cows with ECM has also led to higher yields of milk and milk components (G.M. Hough, unpublished data). In a field study to investigate the value of ECM to improve wool growth in reproducing ewes, we also measured the yield of milk and milk components and the growth of crossbred lambs from ewes supplemented with either whole lupin seed or pellets containing ECM. The ewes and lambs for this study are described by Milton et al. (1996). To summarise, both groups of ewes received the same amount of supplementary crude protein and metabolisable energy from a base supplement of either canola pellets or whole lupin seed, each plus equal quantities of lupin seed. Ewes of similar liveweight (15 fed canola pellets and '16 fed lupins) and with single lambs of known birthweight and an average age of 24 days were milked by the method of Bencini (1995) to determine their 24 hour milk yield. Samples of milk were analysed for fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat using a Milko Scan and the yield of each component was calculated (Table 1). The single lambs were weighed whilst their dams were being milked and their growth rates from birth are shown in Table 1. .


A device for the transmission of mixed video,audio and data signals through coaxial-cable is proposed in this paper. It is composed of four major modules namely base-band video signal transceiver,FM modem,ASK data modem and filters. This device could transfer base-band video signals,allowing duplex transmission of audio signals and digital data at the same time. Experiments show that the longest transmission distance of the device is over 300 meters and the maximum digital data transmission rate is 20 Kbit/s. It can be widely used in various areas,especially in supervising systems.


State-of-the-art deep learning models have demonstrated success in classifying facial expressions of adults by relying on large datasets of labeled images. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of labeled images of child expressions. Deep learning models trained on adult data do not generalize well on child data due to the domain shift caused by morphological differences in their faces. Recent deep domain adaptation approaches align the data distribution of a target domain with the source domain using a few target domain samples. We propose that the domain adaptation may be improved by incorporating steps of deep transfer learning, such as initialization with pre-trained source weights and freezing early layers of the model. The knowledge of a few labeled examples from the child data (target domain) is incorporated into the adult data distribution (source domain) using a contrastive semantic alignment (CSA) loss. This work combines deep transfer learning and domain adaptation approaches to generate seven expression labels ('happy', 'sad', 'anger', 'fear', 'surprise', 'disgust', plus 'neutral') for facial images of children in reference to the source domain, adult facial expressions, using 10 or fewer samples per expression. Our hybrid approach outperforms the transfer learning model by 12% on mean accuracy using only 10 samples per expression class.


The research aimed to develop instructional strategies that could improve the ability of writing teaching materials and self-regulation of pre-service physics teachers. The problem under research was how representational approach embedded into physics courses with selected topics could improve the ability of writing teaching materials and self-regulation of pre-service physics teachers. The data were analysed descriptive-qualitatively. Based on data analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) There was a significant difference in the ability of writing teaching materials between students treated with representational approach and those who were treated with expository approach; 2) The ability of writing teaching materials of students treated with representational approach improved with a percentage of average normalized gain that could be categorized into a high-level criterion; 3) The representational approach was effective in improving the ability of writing teaching materials of pre-service physics teachers with a corrected effect size that was categorized as high; and 4) The approach was effective in improving pre-service physics teachers' self-regulation in writing teaching materials with a moderate level of effect size


This article will talk about the system of educational quality management  implemented at MIN 2 Sleman, Yogyakarta.  This issue plays an  important role in improving education, especially madrasa.  Infact, according to Damayanti  (2005:34), our educational level is still low and it really needs improvement as the foundation for an effective partnership among educational institutions.  Furthermore, the sense of solidarity and brotherhood seem to decrease as the results of the low character building.  In this case, religious institutes seem to have bigger responsibility to solve this problem. The good quality of education in religious institutes (madrassa) will, in turn,  produce a generation that is expected to be able to portray himself as the leader of the people, communities and nations.
The implementation stages of education quality management at MIN 2 Sleman starts from planning, organizing, mobilizing, supervising, developing and evaluating. The implementation of this phase uses bottom-up, transparent, and accountable system, accompanied by a clear job description in each position so that it can provide optimal education services. The objects of the quality assurance include character building, education, internal audit, teaching learning, and quality development of the teacher and academic staffs.
In accordance to the quality assurance,  MIN 2 Sleman has implemented Children-Friendly School (CFS) which aims  to sett a comfortable shcool for the children, ensure the fulfilment of the right and protection of the children after their own home


This article explores the understanding of human nature of postmodern psychology based on analyzing of postmodern psychology's criticism to the human concept of modern psychology.It conducted a punitive expedition on the eternal humanity,including the human centrality,absolute,natural and humanity conception of humanism acceptable to the majority of the people : Xingshan theory.


Additional studies have been made on partial carboxymethylation—the reaction between mono chloroacetic acid and cotton in the presence of sodium hydroxide—and on the products ob tained. A thorough investigation of the time and temperature of reaction and concentration of reagents showed that relatively small amounts of monochloroacetic acid, properly applied, alter the properties of cotton considerably. Pilot-scale carboxymethylation of cloth was conducted which showed that it is possible to use standard textile machinery in the process. The cloth resulting from this treatment had a crisp liand with a slightly starched feel. More detailed investigations than reported previously were made, and it was found that the tensile strength and elongation of treated cotton are increased, dyeing properties are changed, and soiling-resistance and soil removal are increased. It was also learned that the treated materials are unaffected after one year's storage.


Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to glucose homeostasis the impaired arterial stiffness may participate in this morbidity and mortality.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of administration of SGLT2i therapy on arterial stiffness parameters, including aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (SBPao), which have significant prognostic value for predicting cardiovascular events.

 Our prospective, observational study included 40 patients with T2DM (mean age: 60.3±9.9 years, 24 males). Biochemical and arterial stiffness parameters were analysed before starting SGLT2i therapy (14 patients on dapagliflozin, 25 patients on empagliflozin, 1 patient on ertugliflozin), at 3, 6 months and an average of 3.3±1.3 years follow-up period. Arterial stiffness parameters were determined using an invasively validated oscillometric based Arteriograph (AG) method. Changes in the variables and their interrelation was analysed by repeated data ANOVA and multivariate linear regression.

 Significant decrease in PWV and HgbA1c were observed 3 months after the initiation of SGLT2i therapy (PWV: 10.68±1.35 m/s vs. 10.05±1.40 m/s and HgbA1c: 7.86±0.55 vs. 6.83±0.66 %, p<0,05) and this long-term effect continued during the 3.3-years follow-up period (PWV: 9.96±1.25 m/s and HgbA1c: 7.19±0.81 %, p<0,005, Figure 1). Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis showed no association between decreased PWV and BMI, brachial diastolic blood pressure (DBPb) while significant, but weak correlation was observed with HgbA1c and brachial systolic blood pressure (SBPb) (r=0.22-0.26, p<0.05, Figure 2). SBPao results showed non-significant decrease and a subsequent non-significant long-term increase comparing to baseline during the 3.3 years follow-up.

 Short and long-term SGLT2i therapy in T2DM significantly improved PWV values and this effect is independent of changes in SBPao. All these findings emphasize the clinical relevance of arterial stiffness as a biomarker in the SGLT2i induced beneficial effect on the vasculature, however further clarification, long-term evaluation needed to define the role of PWV in the prediction of cardiovascular events.Figure 1Figure 2


The Cassini-Huygens space mission investigated Saturn, its ring system and moons for 13 years, with outstanding results [1]. Cassini’s mass spectrometers — the Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) [2] and the Ion & Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) [3] — contributed to many breakthrough discoveries, confirming mass spectrometry to be a reliable analytical tool for investigating planetary bodies and their vicinities [4]. Compositional analysis of micron and sub-micron sized dusty grains was undertaken by the CDA, an impact ionization time of flight mass spectrometer. Particles striking the instrument’s metal target at speeds ≥ ~1 km/s were disrupted, vaporized and partially ionized. The generated cations were accelerated toward the instrument’s detector to produce mass spectra with resolutions of (m/∆m) ~20-50 [2]. With the limited mass resolution, CDA revealed subsurface hydrothermal activity [5] on Enceladus and discovered potential biologically-relevant complex [6] as well as volatile organic [7] in ice grains emerging from Enceladus subsurface ocean.  A more recent, higher performance, spacecraft-borne impact ionization mass spectrometer — the SUrface Dust Analyzer (SUDA) [8] — will be a part of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission to explore the habitability of Jupiter’s moon Europa.

To calibrate these instruments, terrestrial analogue experiments are needed. In contrast to impact ionization, some soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques use a matrix to protect the structure of analyte molecules. These techniques include Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) and Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID), which primarily use 2,5- or 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) [9], and water [10] as matrix substances, respectively. Although MALDI is by far the more common laboratory technique used for the analysis and the detection of biomolecules [11], LILBID is proven to accurately simulate impact ionization mass spectra of water ice grains [6][7][10]. In LILBID, a thin micrometer-scale liquid water beam, containing analyte compounds, is injected into a vacuum and irradiated by a pulsed infrared laser. Due to the laser’s energy, the solvent together with the analyte compounds are explosively dispersed, ionized and fragmented, generating a cloud of cations, anions, electrons, and neutrals [12][10].  The cations or anions (and electrons) can then be analyzed in a commercial time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A wide variety of compounds have been measured with the LILBID setup, to assist in the ongoing interpretation of CDA mass spectra, and predict those expected from SUDA in situ (cationic & anionic) mass spectra, thus inferring the composition of ice grains ejected from Enceladus’ or Europa’s oceans respectively. Laboratory campaigns, using the LILBID apparatus to generate mass spectra of a wide range of both inorganic and organic compounds, are ongoing. The data produced forms an expanding database, from which methodologies and rules for LILBID (and therefore impact ionization) mass spectral interpretation are being developed, in preparation for application to future missions [13].

Here, we present a comparison between the LILBID mass spectra of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) and its derivative compounds: 2,5- & 2,3-DHBA (C7H6O4). In this work, we study with our LILBID setup the correlation between fragmentation behaviour of these aromatic acids and the position of hydroxy functional groups (at aromatic ring). These compounds share common structural features including one benzene ring and one carboxylic functional group. However, the dihydroxybenzoic acids have two hydroxyl groups attached at different carbon positions on the aromatic ring (2 and 5 or 2 and 3). We observe the same fragmentation pattern and features in the LILBID spectra of both DHBA compounds, indicating that the exact positions of the hydroxy functional groups have no impact on the mass spectral features. However, when comparing benzoic acid with its derivatives (2,5-DHBA & 2,3-DHBA), we find characteristic differences in their spectral   signatures probably due to the attached hydroxy functional groups to the aromatic ring of these compounds. These data will be applied to the interpretation of CDA mass spectra of organic containing grains emitted from Enceladus, in which hitherto unidentified aromatic compounds have already been detected [6][7]. Understanding the behaviour of aromatic acids (e.g. benzoic acid) in comparison with its hydroxy derivatives (2,5-DHBA & 2,3-DHBA) under conditions which simulate impact ionization also relevant for the interpretation of unique results that will be produced by spaceborne mass spectrometers such as SUDA [8] onboard NASA’s future Europa Clipper mission.

References

[1] P. M. Schenk et al. (2018) Uni. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ

[2] R. Srama et al. (2004) Space Sci Rev. 114:465-518

[3] J. H. Waite et al. (2006) Science 311(5766) 1419-1422

[4] Jr. A. Ricardo, N. Ziqin & D. M. Ryan (2019) Journal of Mass Spectrometry Vol. 55

[5] Hsu et al. (2005) Nature 519.7542: 207-210

[6] Postberg et al. (2018) Nature 558:564–568

[7] Khawaja et al. (2019) Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 489:5231–5243

[8] Kempf et al. (2014) EPSC2014-229, 2014

[9] W.E. Wallace, M.A. Arnould, R. Knochenmuss (2005) Int. Jour. Of Mass Spectrom. 242: 13-22

[10] Klenner et al. (2019) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 33.22: 1751-1760

[11] L. Ling et al. (2018) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 29:704-710

[12] F. Wiederschein et al. (2015) Royal Society of Chemistry 17, 6858

[13] Klenner et al. (2021; in preparation)


An event condition is checked, using a computer and data content of the computer is additionally protected in relation to a normal data protection according to the event condition. The event condition is detecting by the computer a remote command and/or detecting a state according to a policy.


Based upon analysis and numerical experience, the BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) algorithm is currently considered to be one of the most effective algorithms for finding a minimum of an unconstrained function, $f(x),x \in \mathbb{R}^n $. However, when computer storage is at a premium, the usual alternative is to use a conjugate gradient (CG) method. In this paper we show that the two algorithms are related to one another in a particularly close way. Based upon these observations a new family of algorithms is proposed.


Absent-voting in Norway, by R. S. Saby 206 Absent-voting laws, 1917, by P. Oman Ray 251, 461 Adams, Arthur B., Marketing perishable farm products, rev. by Charles L. Stewart 338 Adams, George Burton, Outline sketch of English constitutional history, rev. by Arthur Lyon Cross 735 Adkins, Frank J., Historical backgrounds of the great war, rev. by J. E. Oster 743 Alexander, F. Mathias, Man's supreme inheritance, rev. by J. E. Oster... . 743 Allin, C. D., Federal aspects of preferential trade in the British Empire. . . . 381 Alsace-Lorraine under German rule, by C. D. Hazen, rev. by Amos S. Hershey 542 American city progress and the law, by Howard Lee McBain, rev. by W. B. Munro 555 American civil church law, by Carl Zollmann, rev. by Robert E. Cushman.. 726 American negro slavery, by Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, rev. by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois 722 Annual meeting 109 Assyrian government of dependencies, by A. T. Olmstead 63


International development has long been dominated by primarily white-led, Global North organizations. These organizations are raising money in the Global North and doing work in the Global South, with the intended benefit to less economically developed communities. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in activism and calls by organizations in both the Global North and South for localization of development, humanitarian aid, and peacebuilding efforts in an attempt to address unequal North-South power dynamics. Since 2006, OneVillage Partners has worked to address multidimensional poverty in Sierra Leone by investing in individuals and communities to help them address their own challenges, providing targeted project facilitation and monetary support for communities to lead their own development, and connecting individuals and leaders with one another across communities to amplify their collective voices and actions for broader impact. Beginning in 2020, OneVillage Partners increased its commitment to "decolonize" their work and more fully shift power to local people in Sierra Leone. This article will provide context on the changing nature of the international development industry and outline steps OneVillage Partners has taken to operationalize the localization narrative, challenges they have encountered, and ideas for the future.


Garbage is currently one of the big issues that Thailand is currently facing. Due to the
fact that Thai garbage disposal system is still not fully efficient because there are only a few
garbage disposal cars bought from overseas. At the present time, Thailand has its disposal system
through labor intensive, instead of developing its own garbage disposal car. By using labor
intensive, it may result in injury or muscle fatigue because the road sweepers need to hold a
sweeper and a trash holder containing wet trash or heavy weight of litter. This project, therefore,
proposed an idea of how to research and develop a small garbage disposal car that can sweep
garbage on the public road. By designing the car, it is essential to consider a concept of
"Anthropometry" that is referred to as the comparative study of human body measurements and
properties (i.e., width, length, height). Considering the data derived from a measurement of
human anthropometry, this study is conducted to use the data for designing the seat height, seat
length, seat width, and garbage can height for the small garbage disposal car. This research
considers male and female's anthropometry data that is at the 50th percentile representing the
design for average. The purpose is to provide the information of how to design the optimum size
of the garbage disposal car that can be used for both genders.
This car can sweep the garbage that is sucked by the vacuum system with a volume of
0.09 cubic meters. A blower that is used for suction the garbage has suction capability of 11 cm
w.g., and a driving motor of 7.5 horsepower (or 109 cc.). Its structure dimension is 800 × 1500 ×
1350 millimeters. The main objectives of this research are: (1) to develop the small garbage
disposal car used for substituting labor content, (2) to conduct a comparative study between the
small garbage disposal car and the sweeper and trash holder, and (3) to develop the small garbage
disposal car with a low cost production.


Natural materials are increasingly preferred by many customers and suppliers due to their sustainable credentials. If we can limit the cost to the environment of the materials we choose, this offers a huge incentive for their use. But are natural materials up to the job, and can they realistically replace their non-natural competitors? This one day conference, organised by the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining as part of National Science and Engineering Week 2008, examined the use of natural materials in such diverse areas as construction, biofuels, clothing, healthcare and packaging, assessing their advantages and disadvantages.


Funingyao Sluice was built in 1956.After used for almost fifty years,the project faced with many serious problems,for example,the concrete surface carbonation,the expansion and contraction joint deformation,the loss of filling compound,the low design standard of highway bridge.In 2003,the project was appraised to the third-class sluiced.The article describes the status of before and after the project strengthening in 2004.It also concludes the strengthening experience and the existing main problems.


A description is given of a program which forms the power distribution for a reactor core in three dimensions from previously determined one- and twodimensional power shapes; the program is written for a 16- or 32-thousand word IBM-704 computer. Thermal data are calculated for various axial traverses, and the results can be sorted to determine the worst areas for further study. The core tc be studied may have as many as 100 axial mesh intervals and 25 axial regions. It may have up to 63 radial regions and, depending on machine size, up to 3750 or 6500 interior radial mesh points. As many as 62 of these regions and 3200 or 6000 of the radial mesh rectangles may contain fuel. Thermal parameters may be specified tc be different in each radial region. The running time for a problem having 1512 fueled rectangles, 35 axial intervals, 6 radial fuel regions, and 10 axial regions is less than 1hr tctal. (auth)


A study was conducted on Orthoptera (Acrididae, Tettigoniidae, Gryllidae) in 56 sites of reclaimed land of Kanazawa District, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture through May to October of 2008. 28 species and 1941 individuals were recorded during this study. By using TWINSPAN and partitioning, classifications of the Orthoptera and study sites were made based on the results of this study. Also we investigated concerning vegetation, soil, distance from original land,and area coverd with vagetation around field as environmental factors. The study sites were sorted into 5 groups and the Orthoptera were sorted into 4 groups by using TWINSPAN. Based on 5 study site groups, partitioning analysis was conducted.Results suggest vegetation height, coverings of evergreens and deciduous trees of middle to high height, and distance from original land are related to Orthoptera inhabitation. However, it has not been clearly understood the distance from original land was selected as explanatory variable. A further verification is necessary because of the possibility that area coverd with vegetation around the field is related was suggested.


[Abstract] The purpose of this study was to suggest implications that the level of sound financial management ability of university students could be raised, starting with the awareness that not only college students but also all financial consumers need high levels of financial management ability, such as knowledge and attitudes toward financial management, as economic conditions are in trouble in the aftermath of the ongoing Corona19. A survey was conducted on college students to achieve the purpose of the study. In relation to the research model set in this study based on the survey, financial management ability and financial self-efficacy as the independent variable


INTRODUCTION: CoCrMo-alloys are used for orthopedic joint replacement implants for their strength, toughness, and wearand corrosionresistance. Nevertheless, CoCrMo-alloys have been associated with local and systemic clinical problems, such as: aseptic loosening [1]; adverse local tissue reactions [2]; severe allergic reactions [3]. These problems have been attributed to the release of wear and corrosion debris, particularly Co-ions, caused by tribocorrosion [4]. A new generation of austenitic high-nitrogen steels (AHNS) has been developed for biomedical applications, which do not contain alloying elements with known biocompatibility issues (e.g. Ni, Co) [5]. So far, research studies on AHNS have reported very encouraging results in terms of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [6,7]. Based on these results, AHNS could potentially replace CoCrMo, but more work needs to be done regarding their resistance to tribocorrosion in clinically relevant conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the tribocorrosion behavior of LC-CoCrMo alloy vs. Ni-free AHNS FeCrMnMoN steel under healthy and inflammatory joint conditions, modeled by different amounts of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution. We hypothesized that AHNS would show superior tribocorrosion behavior over CoCrMo under simulated inflammatory conditions.


Background: Carcinoids, frequently classified as "colorectal cancer" contribute to rising early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence rates (IR) and have distinct staging distributions compared to often advanced stage adenocarcinomas (screening target). Thus, assessing temporal shifts in early-onset distant stage adenocarcinoma can impact public health. Methods: 2000–2016 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 yearly adenocarcinoma IRs were stratified by stage (in situ, localized, regional, distant), age (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–54-year-olds), subsite (colorectal, rectal-only, colon-only), and race [non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics] in 103,975 patients. Three-year average annual IR changes (pooled 2000–2002 IRs compared with 2014–2016) and cancer stage proportions (percent contribution of each cancer stage) were calculated. Results: Comparing 2000–2002 with 2014–2016, the steepest percent increases are in distant stage cancers. Colon-only, distant adenocarcinoma increased most in 30–39-year-olds (49%, 0.75/100,000→1.12/100,00, P < 0.05). Rectal-only, distant stage increases were steepest in 20–29-year-olds (133%, 0.06/100,000→0.14/100,000, P < 0.05), followed by 30–39-year-olds (97%, 0.39/100,000→0.77/100,000, P < 0.05) and 40–49-year-olds (48%, 1.38/100,000→2.04/100,000, P < 0.05). Distant stage proportions (2000–2002 to 2014–2016) increased for colon-only and rectal-only subsites in young patients with the largest increases for rectal-only in 20–29-year-olds (18%→31%) and 30–39-year-olds (20%→29%). By race, distant stage proportion increases were largest for rectal-only in 20–29-year-old NHBs (0%→46%) and Hispanics (28%→41%). Distant colon proportion increased most in 20–29-year-old NHBs (20%→34%). Conclusions: Youngest patients show greatest burdens of distant colorectal adenocarcinoma. Although affecting all races, burdens are higher in NHB and Hispanic subgroups, although case counts remain relatively low. Impact: Optimizing earlier screening initiatives and risk-stratifying younger patients by symptoms and family history are critical to counteract rising distant stage disease.


It has long been known that hurricanes, the strongest and most destructive atmospheric events, do not occur below a sea surface temperature near 26 C. The detailed dependence of hurricane power on ocean temperature is of increasing interest and concern in the prospect of continuing global warming. The hurricane power was usefully quantified by Emanuel in 2005 with the definition and tabulations of the power dissipation index, PDI. This is the integral over the relevant sea areas of the cube of the maximum windspeed, representiting the power dissipated over one year. In his important 2005 paper Emanuel found that the PDI for the North Atlantic increased strongly in recent decades and showed in plots a close correlation of PDI with sea surface temperature. A critical temperature Tc, and a linear T-Tc power law dependence, typical of a continuous phase transition, for hurricanes have prcviously (Wolf, 2020) been inferred from plots of the power dissipation index PDI vs sea surface temperature T. This implies that tropical cyclone formation can usefully be regarded as a second order phase transition of the warm ocean-atmosphere system, driven by disequilibrium in atmospheric water content. We here show that the theory of phase transitions allows a precise prediction of the temperature dependence of hurricane power and windspeed on ocean surface temperature. We find that the wind velocity transition of the hurricane is in the same universality class as the Ising Model, the uniaxial antiferromagenet and the vapor- liquid transition of simple fluids, and shares their critical exponent. An implication for the applicability of potential intensity theory is noted.


Objective: The study was conducted to find out any alterations in thyroid function status in first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), with ultimate aim of deciding the usefulness of routine screening of thyroid function in pregnancy. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of one year from July 2011 to June 2012 on pregnant women in their 1 st half of pregnancy to screen for the thyroid function. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total of 230 pregnant women were purposively included in the study. Thyroid function status was assessed by measuring serum levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT 4 ), and free tri-iodothyronine (FT 3 ). Women with thyroid disorders were excluded. Results: The mean age of the patients being 24 years. Over 90% of the women were housewife and majority (88.7%) was educated. Over one-quarter of women was overweight with mean body mass index being 22.1 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 . The women were predominantly multigravida with 56% in 1 st trimester 44% in the 1 st half of 2 nd trimester of pregnancy (13-20 weeks). Based on trimester's specific range of serum TSH in the 1 st and 1 st half of 2 nd trimester (13-20 weeks) of pregnancy,13% of the patients were hypothyroid and 3% were hyperthyroid thus yielding a total of 37(16%) pregnant women with abnormal thyroid function status. Conclusion: The study concluded that one in every six women may have thyroid disorder in the first half of pregnancy and subclinical hypothyroidism is four times more common than the subclinical hyperthyroidism. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 26-31


The feeding behaviour of the "sea-spider" Nymphon gracile (Pycnogonida: Nymphonidae) and its association with other organisms, around the Mumbles pier area of Swansea, United Kingdom is described and compared to the reported cases in other families of the order Pycnogonida. Journal of Aquatic Sciences Volume 16, April 2001, pp. 33-34

 KEY WORDS: Feeding behaviour, Pycnogonida, Nymphon gracile, Swansea, United kingdom.


In a "cover letter" near the beginning of Giles Goat-Boy the book's agent and editor, J. B., himself an author, tells of his difficulty in trying to write a novel that was to be entitled The Seeker: "To move folks about, to give them locales and dispositions, past histories and crossed paths-it bored me, I hadn't taste or gumption for it" (p. xxiv).1 J. B.'s creative energies were, in short, "disengaged" as he desperately awaited a "windfall from orchards of the spirit." Fortunately that visitation occurred in the person of one, Stoker Giles, a somewhat goatish young man who appeared in J. B.'s office without warning to show him the Way to the Answer that would relieve the dubieties clogging his spirit. Stoker brought with him a manuscript which he claimed had been assembled, collated, and edited, then "read out" by a remarkable computer named WESCAC. The manuscript, Stoker explained, is a firstperson chronicle of the life and teachings of his own father, George Giles, a Grand Tutor whose life-mission had been to "commence" all of studentdom


The Beddoes-Leishman model for unsteady aerodynamics and dynamic stall has recently been implemented in YawDyn, a rotor analysis code developed at the University of Utah for the study of yaw loads and motions of horizontal axis wind turbines. This paper presents results obtained from validation efforts for the Beddoes model. Comparisons of predicted aerodynamic force coefficients with wind tunnel data and data from the combined experiment rotor are presented. Also, yaw motion comparisons with the combined experimental rotor are presented. In general the comparisons with the measured data are good, indicating that the model is appropriate for the conditions encountered by wind turbines.


Background/Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care workers had to perform jobs that were not in their area of expertise. That the disease is a newly defined disease and that it required health care workers to work outside of their fields may have affected their stress levels. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, the sense of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, and perceived stress levels of physicians working in a university hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The population included in this study was 327 physicians working in a university hospital at the time of the pandemic. No sampling was performed for this study. This study was completed by a total of 108 physicians (participation level: 33.03%). After being informed about this study, the physicians were asked whether they agreed to participate. Research data were collected with a questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. The questionnaire included questions about physicians' sociodemographic characteristics and feelings of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
Results: The total number of skills physicians reported they could perform was higher among specialist physicians and faculty members, those 34 years and older, and those who received training on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and virus prevention (P=0.04; P=0.01; P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.001, respectively). In addition, perceived stress levels (PSLs) were found to be lower among those who reported a high total number of skills they could perform, as assessed by the self-efficacy questions (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Although the PSLs of physicians were high, this is expected in a state of emergency such as the pandemic. The sense of self-efficacy regarding COVID-19 improved with training and professional experience. In-service training and shared experiences can both decrease PSLs and improve self-efficacy.


The invention discloses a low-altitude aircraft which comprises a cockpit, wherein a driving control device and a driving seat are arranged in the cockpit; a main beam is arranged on the upper side of the cockpit, and a landing gear is arranged on the lower side of the cockpit; a front beam and a rear beam are arranged at the front end and the back end of the main beam respectively; two flying propellers are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front beam as well as the left end and the right end of the rear beam; all the four flying propellers can tilt forwards and backwards; a rear propeller is arranged in the center of the rear beam; the flying propellers and the rear propeller are driven by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor; and an oil tank or a battery cupboard is arranged at the cockpit. The low-altitude aircraft provided by the invention can fly at low altitude, which can relieve traffic pressure on the ground; the structure is simple, the manufacture is easy, and the cost is low; with a highest speed limit of lower than 200km/hour and a normal flying speed setting of 80km/hour, the low-altitude aircraft is safe and reliable; and the power for the propellers can be supplied by the internal combustion engine or the electric motor, so as to adapt to different energy supply conditions.


Otosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bony growth and remodeling around the otic capsule. Although adults make up the majority of patients, otosclerosis is also encountered in children. However, the literature on juvenile otosclerosis is still limited. The main therapeutic options for children with otosclerosis are hearing aids or stapes surgery. Despite many years of treating pediatric patients with stapes surgery, the issue of whether to perform the operation is still a subject of debate. To identify suitable literature on juvenile otosclerosis, a search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline, and based on the search criteria 19 articles were found suitable for the review. The current evidence indicates that stapes surgery for juvenile otosclerosis is a safe and effective procedure which leads to closure of the air-bone gap over both short and long terms. Complications of stapes surgery are extremely rare and in the majority of cases comprise transient vertigo. Age itself should not be a contraindication to stapes surgery for juvenile otosclerosis.


The goal of NASA along with other space agencies in the world is to send manned missions to the moon in the coming years, and eventually to Mars. The long‐term health risks of spaceflight have been attributed primarily to cosmic radiation and microgravity and the adverse effects as seen in the astronauts and model animals include DNA damage, mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative damage, epigenetic changes, telomere length changes and microbiome shifts all of which affect the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the effect of spaceflight on erectile function which is an important quality of life aspect for men. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of simulated long duration space flight on erectile function. We hypothesized that both hindlimb unloading (HLU) and radiation will adversely affect erectile function. 86 adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used for these studies. Half the animals underwent 4 weeks of HLU, and all animals were divided into 3 groups: those that received sham radiation, 0.75 Gy, and 1.5 Gy galactic cosmic radiation, respectively at the Ground‐based GCR simulator at the NASA Space Radiation laboratory. The animals were then monitored for 6‐9 months before they were sacrificed, following which Corpus cavernosum (CC) and the distal internal pudendal arteries (dIPA) were harvested and used for ex vivo functional assessment. Tissue and wire myography studies were performed to assess adrenergic and endothelium‐dependent vasoconstrictions using phenylephrine (PE), norepinephrine, and endothelin. This was done by measuring the cumulative dose‐responses to the agonists in both the CC and dIPA. Endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent relaxations were also assessed using acetylcholine and diethylamine nononate. Non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) transmission was assessed using electrical stimulation (Estim); 30V electric pulses were delivered to the tissues with frequency ranging from 1‐32Hz following the administration of atropine and guanethidine and pre‐constriction with PE. Finally, Estim was done without atropine and guanethidine to assess the parasympathetic mediated relaxation in the tissues. The effects of HLU and radiation on the contractile and relaxation responses were assessed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA. HLU and radiation significantly reduced both endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilatation in the dIPA and CC. Also, HLU and radiation significantly reduced the adrenergic constriction of CC in response to PE and norepinephrine. However, neither HLU nor radiation influenced the endothelium‐dependent vasoconstriction in the dIPA. Finally, radiation reduced the relaxation in both CC and dIPA while HLU increased the dIPA relaxation following Estim for both the parasympathetic mediated and NANC mediated responses. These results therefore showed the effects of HLU and radiation on erectile function, with exposure to cosmic radiation being primarily responsible for the detrimental effects. Further research needs to be done on this subject to show more mechanistically how spaceflight can affect erectile function and ways to combat the problem to ensure that astronauts can return to their normal sexual lives after long trips to space.


Summary The use of radioisotopes in conjunction with phosphors to produce practical sources of light is described. These sources are completely self-contained, require no maintenance, and provide useful light for several years. The work was carried out at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks.


In article the history and current state legislation of archival business in Russia is reviewed, the main legal acts of XVIIIth-the beginnings of XXIst centuries are called, their short characteristic is given.


For subsurface sensing objects using electromagnetic waves, most of current imaging methods need priori information of exact dielectric properties of background media in order to accurately reconstruct the concealed targets. This condition is hardly satisfied in practice. Recently, an efficiently qualitative imaging method termed electromagnetic inverse scattering series method (EISSM) is developed to image the buried targets. EISSM reconstructs concealed targets in the layered media by only utilizing dielectric properties of free space. However, the effects of frequency information to the EISSM have never been discussed. In this paper, we analyze and discuss the effects of frequency information to the performance of EISSM when imaging the buried objects. Through some numerical simulations, EISSM can obtain favorable image results with a broad frequency spectrum of measured data.


The high performance audio processor is designed and implemented using CMOS DPDM process,which contains four independence-trace stereo input selected,volume controlled,the bass and the treble controlled and output balance controlled functions.It is mostly applied in the sound system.The highlight is the first use of operation amplifier sharing through crossing of the switch,greatly reducing the area of the layout and cost of the circuit.The test result fulfills the design specification.


ABSTRACT This article confronts the global affordable urban housing crisis by critically examining what has arguably become the dominant policy rhetoric in advanced economies: the accelerated market-based housing supply. This approach promotes efficient land and housing markets, fashions an enabling approach to planning, aims to deregulate development and building processes, and seeks to curtail local government and planning systems' powers. These claims are juxtaposed here with heterodox literature strands, and—utilizing a multicity comparative ethnographical methodology—urban stakeholders' perspectives in the Australasian housing crisis hotspots of Sydney and Auckland. The findings suggest a convergence of sobering stakeholders' perspectives and critical, multifaceted literature claims. They thus demonstrate the fallacies of the market supply fetish in relation to generating affordability, and expose its status-quo-reproducing nature. The concluding reflections call for an intellectual and political engagement with the affordable city imaginary and associated policy strategies toward affordable futures for all.


A method for uncertainty evaluation of vicarious calibration for solar reflection channels (visible to near infrared) of spaceborne radiometers is proposed. Reflectance based at sensor radiance estimation method for solar reflection channels of radiometers onboard remote sensing satellites is also proposed. One of examples for vicarious calibration of LISA: Line Imager Space Application onboard LISAT: LAPAN-IPB Satellite is described. Through the preliminary analysis, it is found that the proposed uncertainty evaluation method is appropriate. Also, it is found that percent difference between DN: Digital Number derived radiance and estimated TOA: Top of the Atmosphere radiance (at sensor radiance) ranges from 3.5 to 9.6 %. It is also found that the percent difference at shorter wavelength (Blue) is greater than that of longer wavelength (Near Infrared: NIR). In comparison to those facts to those of Terra/ASTER/VNIR, it is natural and reasonable.


The periodical nonlinear behavior of a number of sequences of radiative Cepheid models is computed and Fourier analyzed. The Fourier phases and amplitudes exhibit systematic and characteristic variations when plotted as a function of the period ratio P2/P0, but not as a function of the period or the effective temperature. The dominant role played by the 2:1 resonance between the fundamental mode and the second overtone is clearly established. The astrophysical consequences of the observed tightness of the Fourier phase phi(21) versus period relation are thoroughly discussed. It is demonstrated that the dispersion of phi(21) can be used to estimate the width of the instability strip, independently of the Cepheid temperature and luminosity calibrations. Comparison of such an estimation with the traditional determination of that width provides a new test for pulsation and evolution theories. 57 refs.


An Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) is widely used as a System on a Chip Component. ASIPs possess an instruction set which is tailored to benefit a specific application. Such specialization allows ASIPs to serve as an intermediate between two dominant processor design styles- ASICs which has high processing abilities at the cost of limited programmability and Programmable solutions such as FPGAs that provide programming flexibility at the cost of less energy efficiency. In this project our goal is to design ASIP, keeping in mind Digital Image and Signal Processing Applications, followed by implementation in hardware (FPGA). The platform used for design is CoWare, which allows processor architecture to be defined at an abstract level and automatic generation of chain of software tools like assembler, linker and simulator for functional verification followed by RTL level description which is to be used for FPGA implementation.


A mucous extravasation fenomena in the lingual region of a newly born is reported. The lesion was treated with micro-marsupialization technique which is considered to be a simple and well tolerated surgical procedure. It offers a favorable prognosis and is non-invasive in the treatment of mucocele in the oral cavity.


The Response Surface Method is often used to simulate the ultimate state function, which is not been given exactly, in structural reliability analysis. In this paper, artificial neural network that replaces the polynomial function in RSM is applied to the reliability analysis of determined structures. It has been proved that this method can overcome the limitation of simulated polynomials, and achieved relatively high efficiency and good accuracy.


Disentangling: Conflict Discourse in Pacific Societies. Karat Ann Watson Gegeo and Geoffrey M. White, eds. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990. 505 pp. $49.50 (cloth)


We show that in addition to the dispersion mechanism of selection of tilted waves in a cavity of a broad-area VCSEL the dependence of the reflection from distributed Bragg reflectors on an incidence angle of the tilted waves leads to the mode selection and spatial periodic pattern formation. The mode competition may acquire even more diversity if the polarization of the laser field comes into play.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia and a risk factor for thromboembolism including ischemic stroke (IS) and systemic embolism (SE). Thrombus formation mainly occurs in the left atrium (LA), but we reported that relative wall thickness (RWT) of left ventricle (LV) was independently associated with IS/SE among patients with non-valvular AF. Little is known about the impact of LV size on thromboembolism in patients with AF. We investigated the relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and incidence of IS /SE, using data from the Fushimi AF Registry.

 The Fushimi AF Registry, a community-based prospective survey, was designed to enroll all of the AF patients in the community. Follow-up data were available for 4,472 patients as of November 2020, and the median follow-up period was 1,820 days. Of them, we excluded 226 patients with mitral stenosis or prior cardiac valve surgery. Among 4,246 non-valvular AF patients, follow-up data including LVDd at the baseline from echocardiography were available for 3,311 patients. We divided these patients into three groups according to LVDd tertile (T1:<44.0 mm; n=1,091, T2: 44.0–48.5; n=1,112, T3: 48.5 or above; n=1,108), and compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes.

 Percentage of female (T1 vs. T2 vs T3; 56.5 vs. 37.5 vs. 34.1%; p<0.01), age (76.2±9.9 vs. 72.8±10.7 vs. 71.9±11.1 years; p<0.01), height (156.3±9.9 vs. 160.4±9.4 vs. 163.7±9.5 cm; p<0.01), BMI (21.8±3.9 vs. 23.3±3.6 vs. 24.2±4.4 kg/m2; p<0.01), prevalence of hypertension (58.8 vs. 64.1 vs. 67.7%; p<0.01), vascular disease (7.4 vs. 8.8 vs. 15.2%; p<0.01), CHA2DS2-VASc score (3.59±1.68 vs. 3.27±1.70 vs. 3.31±1.73; p<0.01) and the prescription of oral anticoagulants (OACs) were different among groups. LV ejection fraction (65.9±8.7 vs. 65.0±9.1 vs. 57.7±14.4%; p<0.01), LA diameter (40.7±7.9 vs. 42.8±7.3 vs. 45.8±7.6 mm; p<0.01), LVRWT (0.471±0.090 vs. 0.411±0.064 vs. 0.366±0.063; p<0.01) and LV mass index (79.6±21.4 vs. 93.5±20.4 vs. 117.6±30.3 g/m2; p<0.01) were different. Prevalence of prior stroke/SE and prior major bleeding were comparable among groups. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the incidence of IS/SE was different among the groups during the median follow-up period of 1,826 days (T1 vs. T2 vs T3; 2.1 vs. 1.9 vs. 1.1 per 100 person-years; p<0.01, by log-rank test) (Figure). LVDd (All age, hazard ratio [95% confidential interval]: T1/T3 1.57 [1.09–2.29]; p=0.02, T2/T3 1.55 [1.11–2.17]; p<0.01: less than 75 years, T1/T3 2.27 [1.24–4.22]; p<0.01, T2/T3 1.54 [0.89–2.70]; p=0.12: 75 years or above, T1/T3 1.33 [0.83–2.14]; p=0.08, T2/T3 1.57 [1.04–2.40]; p=0.03) was an independent predictor of the incidence of IS/SE after adjustment by the components of CHA2DS2-VASc score, LA diameter, LVRWT, type of AF and the prescription of OACs (Table).

 LVDd was independently associated with IS/SE among Japanese patients with non-valvular AF.

 Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): the Practical Research Project for Life-Style-related Diseases including Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development


The seismic performance of building equipments as well as building frames is one of critical factors to maintain the function of buildings after the occurrence of earthquakes. Therefore, the damage database of building equipments due to 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake is investigated to evaluate the seismic performance of building equipments from the statistical point. The damage occurrence is modeled by the binomial distribution, and the damage ratio curves, the shape of which is assumed to be the lognormal distribution, are calculated through the maximum likelihood method. It is evaluated that the differences of the building year, the structural type and the building story influence on the median of damage ratio curves. Moreover, the damage ratio curves are evaluated through the response acceleration and the response story deformation angle in order to compare the build code of equipments.


Taking a well-known passage from the third volume of Capital as my starting point, I explain on what grounds Marx thinks that freedom and necessity will be compatible in a communist society. The necessity in question concerns having to produce to satisfy material needs. Unlike some accounts of this issue, I argue that the compatibility of freedom and necessity in communist society has more to do with how production is organized than with the direct relation of the worker to the object produced or to his or her own productive activity. Moreover, I show how self-realization and a form of activity that possesses an intrinsic value are made possible by the organization of the production process and how this is integral to Marx's account of the compatibility of freedom and necessity in communist society.


A single bichromatic field near-resonant to a qubit transition is typically used for $\hat{\sigma}_x$ or $\hat{\sigma}_y$ M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen type interactions in trapped ion systems. Using this field configuration, it is also possible to synthesize a $\hat{\sigma}_z$ spin-dependent force by merely adjusting the beat-note frequency. Here, we expand on previous work and present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of this scheme with a laser near-resonant to a quadrupole transition in $^{88}$Sr$^+$. Further, we characterise its robustness to optical phase and qubit frequency offsets, and demonstrate its versatility by entangling optical, metastable, and ground state qubits.


In this paper we propose a new method of affective cognitive of  images. We use  9  pictures that constitute the famous psychologist  Furnham's Shape & Color  Test as standard templates. In the HSV color space, we get a vector which has 72 dimensions by using part-division method on color character.¿and color characters are normalized¿ We measure the template image and other images the similarity with euclidean distance method¿final display expression of different expression variation.


A preliminary study on the test of physical constitution in National College Entrance Sports Examination in Guangxi Province in 2002 was made.It was shown that the choice of 100m run and standing shotputting as items to be tested was scientific.Through the difficulty degree of physical constitution and degree of differentiation had decreased slightly,it was at the same level as that the year 2001.The difficulty degree of eventrelated physical constitution and degree of differentiation were balanced.The testing results for the girls were normally distributed and high.While those of the boys were abnormally distributed,low peaked and high.


To achieve a fast dynamic response, sufficient load response, and good tracking performance, a precision and robust method for sensorless direct speed predictive control (DSPC) of synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) is proposed and simulated in this paper. The proposed method replaces the cascaded control structure (i.e. speed and currents loops) of the field-oriented control to a strategy that exploits all the electrical and mechanical variables in one control law to select the optimal switching vector for the two-level inverter to apply in the next sampling interval. Furthermore, for robustness, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to observe rotor speed and position, stator currents, and mechanical load torque, and consequently, the system reliability is improved and the cost is decreased. Then, the observed variables are fed back into the prediction model. For simplicity, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to tune the weighting factors of the cost function and EKF covariance matrices. Simulation results reveal the robustness and reliability of the proposed method.


Over the last seven years, the United States has dramatically reduced its dependence on oil imports. From their peak in 2006, imports have fallen 40% as a result of declining demand (see Figure 1) and strong growth in domestic production of liquid fuels, leading to predictions that the US could reach oil self-sufficiency within 15–20 years.


"An enhanced understanding of fundamental biological sciences primarily the interaction and interplay between biological cells and integrative biological chemical and structural cues within and in Vivo milieu or natural 3 dimensional micro environment requires a carefully defined role for engineering design and Manufacturing to meet the challenges presented by increasingly complex biological problems." [1]Organ printing and tissue engineering can be used in conjunction with the application of additive computer-aided manufacturing process technologies, which create a layered pattern disposition of complex 3D bearing biological structures with biomolecular and biopolymer material integration. The term organ printing has been more narrowly defined as a biomedical variant of rapid prototyping technology or computer-aided robotic layer-by-layer at biofabrication of 3D human tissues and organs using self-assembling tissue spheroids as building blocks. The combination of 3D printing, nanotechnology, and organ printing can make a tremendous impact on the practice of medicine. 3D printed organs based upon his biological principles in which the self-assembly process, refers to a series of processes, where researchers are actively involved in combining atoms and molecules in aggregates of molecules and components, which eventually arrange themselves into ordered function entities without human intervention. The analysis will review current developments and attempt to identify future developments in organ printing techniques including, micro extrusion based printing, inkjet base printing, and laser-based printing as the possible ways that organs can be printed through developments in nanotechnology and 3D printing. In order for this to occur many challenges will need to be overcome. This analysis will focus on the ethical issues related to 3D organ printing in conjunction with developments in nanotechnology from the perspectives of researchers and physicians, patients and future patients (members of society). In addition an anticipatory ethical analysis will be conducted based upon a projection of future possibilities related to the confluence of 3D technology, nanotechnology and organ printing. In general practical ethicists attempt to identify and address social and ethical issues that arise in the world around us. When practical ethicists attempt to identify ethical problems that may develop in the future, these problems are often identified based upon these general ethical principles. Anticipatory ethics has emerged and begun to gain attention in the area of information technology ethics. Anticipatory ethics can be characterized as focusing on the problems that can be anticipated as potentially arising because of emerging technologies. In this analysis anticipatory ethics will be employed to analyze future possibilities related to the confluence of 3D technology, nanotechnology and organ printing.


Abstract A range of chiral materials has been prepared using asymmetric synthesis in the form of chiral hydroboration on phenylcyclohexenes. The materials are chiral cyclohexanes which have a polar group at a chiral centre that is in a rotationally-restricted cyclic environment. These features are designed to provide a high spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric mixtures. A range of aryl boronic acids were prepared and coupled in palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions to the chiral intermediates to provide a clean, efficient and general synthetic route to a wide range of final chiral dopant materials. Some of the final materials exhibit the chiral smectic C phase whereas others are non-mesogenic. The synthesis, transition temperatures and ferroelectric properties of the materials are discussed.


The first list to cover the entire European fauna of butterflies and moths since the famous Staudinger-Rebel Catalogue which was published as long ago as in 1901. A large number of European specialists have been working on the family/subfamily treatments, and the list has been checked by leading experts in the national faunas. The higher classification used in the checklist is in accordance with the most recent research as presented in the treatment of Lepidoptera in the series Handbook of Zoology. The Lepidoptera of Europe contains more than 8.300 species known to occur in Europe and the distributional tables have approximately 74.000 records. The Lepidoptera of Europe will be an indispensable tool for anyone working with the European fauna of any group of Lepidoptera. The book is published in a limited edition of only 800 copies.


We have been studying the backscatter ratio of the two CALIPSO wavelengths for 3 different targets. We are showing the ratio of integrate attenuated backscatter coefficient for cirrus clouds, ocean surface and liquid. Water clouds for one month of nightime data (left:July,right:December), Only opaque cirrus classified as randomly oriented ice[1] are used. For ocean and water clouds, only the clearest shots, determined by a threshold on integrated attenuated backscatter are used. Two things can be immediately observed: 1. A similar trend (black dotted line) is visible using all targets, the color ratio shows a tendency to be higher north and lower south for those two months. 2. The water clouds average value is around 15% lower than ocean surface and cirrus clouds. This is due to the different multiple scattering at 532 nm and 1064 nm [2] which strongly impact the water cloud retrieval. Conclusion: Different targets can be used to improve CALIPSO 1064 nm calibration accuracy. All of them show the signature of an instrumental calibration shift. Multiple scattering introduce a bias in liquid water cloud signal but it still compares very well with all other methods and should not be overlooked. The effect of multiple scattering in liquid and ice clouds will be the subject of future research. If there really is a sampling issue. Combining all methods to increase the sampling, mapping the calibration coefficient or trying to reach an orbit per orbit calibration seems an appropriate way.


Researches on grounding line fault protection have not been comprehensive enough up to now. Fault discrimination cannot be fast and reliable and the fault distance cannot be accurately measured. As a result, the requirements of system transient stability are difficult to be satisfied. A HVDC transmission system model is established in this paper by using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform and a simulation is carried out on the grounding line faults that may occur in HVDC transmission system. The characteristics of the grounding line faults are analyzed and the fault location of single ended traveling waves is measured. The simulation results are consistent with theoretical analysis, which proves the practicality of the built model.


A study was undertaken to analyse and compare the nutrient content of some commercial fish feeds available in Bangladesh through chemical analysis. The commercial fish feeds collected from the markets were Quality Feeds Ltd. (QF), Aftab Feed Products Ltd. (AF), Saudi-Bangla Fish Feed Ltd. (SBF), Paragon Feeds Ltd. (PF) and AIT Feeds Ltd. (AIT). Proximate composition such as moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, fibre and NFE (nitrogen free extract), and some of the macro minerals such as Ca, P, Na, K and S were analysed. In general, there was no large variation between analysed and company declared nutrient contents of different feeds except the protein and lipid content of some feeds. However, two pangas feeds such as Surovi (nursery and grower) of QF had much lower protein content (27.57% and 20.24%) compared to 32% and 25% protein value respectively declared by the company. Similarly, large (more than 5%) differences between the analysed and company declared protein content was observed in case of carp starter and grower feeds of QF. On the other hand, analysed protein content of all feeds of SBF was more than that declared by the company except for special shrimp feed which had slightly lower (1%) protein compared to the company declared value. Pangas feeds (grower I and II) of PF had about 3% lower protein than the company declared value. The analysed lipid contents of all feeds were higher than the company declared values except nursery feeds of QF which


Since its early history , city planning has dealt with different models of city. At the turn of the twentieth century, it was a discipline of design that focused on how to design the ideal-city. By the mid 1930s, city planning became a discipline of social science that focused on how to pursue the rational comprehensive city. By the early 1960s, on one side, city planning became a discipline of urban process and outcome. By the early 1980s, city planning became a discipline of management science that focused on how to use public money efficiently and effectively for the desired future city. By the early 1990s, city planning became a discipline of information technology that focused on how to provide information for social interaction and social future. By the early 2000s, city planning became a discipline of scientific design that focused on how to design the new urbanism. This paper deals with these different models, and analyzes whether city planners can make the model of the city they want.


9512 Background: Filipino and Hawaiian women with breast cancer experience higher mortality rates than Whites and other Asian American or Pacific Island women. This discrepancy in prognosis persists after adjustment for stage and socioeconomic status, and may be due to aggressiveness of the tumors. To assess breast tumor characteristics among various ethnicities, the following analysis was performed. Methods: Data from 1195 consecutive women diagnosed between 1998–2002 were abstracted from hospital tumor registries. Data including age at diagnosis, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu status, DNA content, mitotic rate, grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and stage were recorded. Significant differences among ethnic groups were identified using X2 and multivariate statistical methods. Results: Filipino and Hawaiian breast cancer patients were significantly younger than White, Chinese, and Japanese patients. Filipinos and Hawaiians also presented with larger tumors, freque...


The first known case of inhalation of liquid typewriter correction fluid (TCF) is reported. Respiratory exposure to TCF can produce coma and death. Treatment is mainly supportive. Clinicians should be alerted to this new form of substance abuse.