Measurements of atmospheric aerosol scattering coefficient(ASC) over the northern suburbs of Nanjin from 2009 to 2010 are carried out by the Integrating Nephelometer.Analysis results show that ASC has obvious seasonal variations with the lowest in spring,the highest in fall,and little difference between summer and winter.The ASC ranges from 51.6 Mm-1 to 2 748.3 Mm-1 with the average of 478.6 Mm-1 in different seasons.The diurnal variation of ASC shows a bimodal distribution.The ASC has a positive correlation with air relative humidity.It also has a close correlation with surface wind direction, and it is the highest when the wind is blowing easterly,followed by the southerly and westerly wind.Aerosol can be significantly removed by precipitation.There is a negative correlation between the visibility and ASC when the visibility higher than 5 km.The ASC shows the biggest positive correlation with SO2(0.68) in autumn and NO2(0.62) in spring which is significant at the 95% confidence level.


The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between habitual physical activity, physical fitness, and motor competence in school children. In total, 100 children aged 8-10 years took part in this study, subdivided into 2 groups: the Physical Education Group (PEG) characterized only by practical classes of Physical Education; and another group that performed Systematized Physical Activity (SPA). Habitual physical activity was investigated using the webdafa questionnaire. The physical fitness battery included a 20-meter running test, throwing a medicine ball, a horizontal jump test, and running for six minutes. Motor competence was measured by the TGMD-2 test. For statistical analysis we used the Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square Fisher tests. The results demonstrated moderate correlations between habitual physical activity and the 20-meter running test (r=0.41) and (r=0.49) motor competence. Furthermore, moderate correlations were found between physical fitness and motor competence in the horizontal jump test (r=0.55), running for six minutes (r=0.50), and 20 meter running test (r=0.65). In conclusion, it was observed that the SPA demonstrated better results and the school physical education classes were not sufficient to ensure adequate levels of habitual physical activity, physical fitness, or motor competence in the children in the present study.


Cancer cases are increasing in our nation at an alarming rate. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in women. It is estimated that 1.2 lakh women die of cervical cancer in India annually. India lacks systematic cancer screening and awareness programmes, especially in the rural areas. Patients from rural areas often have to travel long distances even for diagnosis and treatment in super speciality hospitals, which remains quite expensive. The Sanjeevani mobile telemedicine system is an initiative of Malabar Cancer Care Society, Kannur and has its operations more focused in the Northern region of the Kerala state. Early detection of cancer is crucial in determining the prognosis and survival rate of the patients. Majority of the rural folks are unaware of the importance of early cancer detection and the facilities available for that. The Mobile Telemedicine Unit would visit pre-scheduled medical camps of rural and tribal areas of Malabar region and offer tele-consultation for early detection of cervical cancer and on the spot treatments were given for the ailment. This article attempts to analyse the spatio-temporal variations in the cervical pre-cancer cases detected through the mobile telemedicine unit in the state. The camp data for five years from the year 20132017 were collected and analysed using the statistical standard score techniques of 'Z' score using SPSS. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was incorporated to produce cartographic outputs for assessing the spatio-temporal variations of the incidence.


1.
Recent advances in molecular genetics have revealed that multiple genetic alterations including activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are required for tumor development and progression. K-ras is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. COX-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers progression. Previous studies have shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor is involved in intestinal carcinogenesis and activation of downstream pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms that link to K-ras, COX-2 and PGE2 receptor are currently unclear. In this study, we transfer pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA-K-ras in to HT29 colorectal cancer cells. Then were analyzed cell proliferation by MTT assay, protein expression by Western blot, transcription factor activity by EMSA (Electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and cell cycle by flow cytometry. In our data showed K-ras induce HT29 cells proliferation, but it did not affect other small G protein family expression. In addition to K-ras induce COX-2 and EP1/EP4 expression. K-ras inhibits GSK3β activity through pAkt. So we suppose over-expression Ras protein led to cell proliferation with activation of the phosphatidylinosotol-3 Kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, an effect likely to be due to inhibits GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase 3β)activity. Inhibition of GSK3 stabilizes β-catenin (decrease its degradation) and promotes β-catenin nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of TCF-regulated gene further induction of COX-2 and activation EP4. We also used COX-2 inhibitor (NS398) or PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) to confirm this pathway. The cell cycle result attestation K-ras mutation prolong S phase and increase G2/M phase ratio. At the same time, we collected colorectal tumor tissues as well as to confirm tumor tissues were overexpression Ras, pAkt and EP4 protein. Thus our data provided one newly thinks in the treatment which early colorectal cancer causes K-ras mutation may be consider.

2.
Base on the data of literatures and epidemiological statistics, abundant lipid accumulation usually appears obesity. In normal liver tissue, little lipid such as triglyceride, phospholipid, glycolipid and cholesterol existing in body is equal to 4-5 % of whole liver weight. Since lipid content up to 5 % of liver weight or sterosis up to 10 % of liver in biopsy diagnosis is so-called fatty liver. Although fatty liver without dominate symptoms, the progression would further cause fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis or promoting hepatoma formation. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of a flavonoid-enriched extract from Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NLFE) in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. NLFE reduced the body weight, body lipid accumulation, and activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. NLFE also suppressed the expression of FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and HMGCoA reductase, and increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver. Taken together, we demonstrated that NLFE targets lipid-regulated enzymes, and may be effective in attenuating body lipid accumulation and preventing obesity.


The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Biosimilar Action Plan (BAP), released in 2018, provides information regarding key actions taken or to be taken by FDA to encourage innovation and competition among biologics and to promote biosimilar development [1,2]. The BAP focuses on steps to make the development and approval of biosimilars more efficient; improve scientific and regulatory clarity; develop audience-appropriate educational materials to increase understanding of biosimilars among patients, clinicians, and payers; and support market competition [1]. The BAP notes that a balance between innovation and patient access should be maintained, with patients ultimately benefitting from the potential for more treatment options and lower cost of biologics [1]. An important factor not directly addressed in the BAP relates to improved pharmacovigilance and accurate product identification. FDA-developed education materials about product-specific pharmacovigilance, including about the process for adverse event (AE) reporting for biologics and the appropriate use of distinguishable suffixes in AE reporting, could further boost patient and physician confidence in biosimilars, which will be critical for their broader acceptance and clinical use. Improving understanding of the importance of distinguishable names and supporting FDA guidance on nonproprietary names for biologics [3,4] through education also will advance pharmacovigilance and thereby enhance patient and physician confidence in and uptake of biosimilars.


Based on transformation optics, we present an optical illusion device, which can transform an arbitrary object virtually into a long-size object in the direction as one desired. Such an illusion device will confuse the detector or the viewer outside the virtually boundary, and hence the real size and material parameters of the imbedded object will not be perceived. To demonstrate the properties of this device, full-wave finite element simulations for the two-dimensional case are performed.


Effective project management techniques are critical to managers and decision makers in handling projects in today's competitive environment. It is required that with such techniques, managers can carry out projects and complete them within specified time and resource constraint. This research considers the application of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). PERT was used to analyze data collected from Mega Star Technical and Construction Company in charge of the renovation/building construction of renovaworks at 48 Forces Avenue, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The technique was used to obtain the network diagram, critical path, expected completion time for the project and the probability of completion within a required date. Ms Project version (2013) software was also used for the analyses. Results obtained revealed that the project can be completed within record time and possess a very high probability of completing the project within a stipulated date.


Interest to allow secondary use on television frequency bands has been growing and recently Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened vacant TV channels for unlicensed use. Many countries, especially in Europe, are using DVB-T standard for providing terrestrial digital television transmissions, whereas countries like U.S. rely on ATSC standard. When assessing the impact and potential of secondary use, primary system's tolerance to interference must be known. In this paper we provide essential interference tolerance measurement results for DVB-T system that illustrate how secondary use could impact its performance. We show how DVB-T receivers BER behaves under interference and how bursty interference signal affects compared to continuous interference. We also calculate example protection distances for different secondary transmitters. Keywords-DVB-T; interference; secondary use; measurements


D-Ribose-1-C14 and D-arabinose-1-C14 have been synthesized by a modified Sowden–Fischer procedure in which the mixed sodium nitropentitols resulting from the condensation of erythrose and C14H3NO2 have been submitted to a Nef reaction. The epimeric labelled pentoses were isolated by cellulose column chromatography in an over-all radiochemical yield of 19%.Mixed nitropentitols-1-C14 have been acetylated, partially deacetylated with sodium bicarbonate in a non-polar solvent, and hydrogenated to yield triacetoxy-1-nitropentane-1-C14. The mixture of this material and the accompanying undeacetylated nitropentitols gave rise, via a Nef reaction, to D-2-deoxyribose-1-C14 (6.3%), D-ribose-1-C14 (3.1%), and D-arabinose-1-C14 (2.9%).


Lichen planus, a chronic autoimmune disease, affects the skin and mucous membrane. It is characterized by alternating periods of symptomatic remission and exacerbation. Different treatment modalities have been tried with limited success. Presently, treatment of lichen planus aimed at alleviating symptoms during periods of exacerbation and to prolonge the duration of remission. A regular follow-up of patients is . The disease affects 0.5-2% of the population. The clinical history confirms the relationship between OLP and oral cancer, although the degree of the risk involved is controversial. Therefore, OLP should be considered a precancerous lesion, emphasizing the importance of periodic follow-ups in all the patients 5 . Various treatment modalities for lichen planus have been tried including topical and systemic steroids, retinoids, immunosuppressive drugs, surgery, lasers and photochemotherapy.


The beef semitendinosus muscles were marinated for 1, 2 or 3 days with every polyphosphate at concentration of 1, 3 and 5%. Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate significantly increased (P < 0.01) soluble collagen content compared with the other polyphosphates; tetrosodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) disrupted myofibrillar structure completely; Z-disks disappeared under transmission electron microscope (TEM); and myofibril bundles collapsed together. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) disrupted myofibrillar structure as well, but Z-disks were still perceptible under TEM. TSPP dissolved perimysium into collagen fibers and collagen fibrils, which arranged loosely and looked like dispersed silk. Perimysium was separated into collagen fibers and collagen fibrils by STPP and SHMP, but collagen fibrils were in close contact with each other. Polyphosphates all decreased shear force significantly compared with controls (P < 0.05).

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The tenderness and juiciness of meat are the most important focus of consumers. Food additives, especially polyphosphates, are generally added into fresh retail cuts as well as further processed products to improve water-holding capacity and tenderness by meat industries. The article compared the different effects of polyphosphates and the effect of concentration on the ultrastructure and shear force of meat samples, thereby offering a theoretic guidance for the practical application of polyphosphates.


In this article, the author advances a rights-based theory of goodwill which contends that for legal purposes, goodwill is a bundle of rights and privileges enjoyed by the owner of an operating business, central to which is the proprietary right to make use of all that constitutes the attractive force of the business to generate earnings or otherwise create value. This 'attractive force' includes everything which adds value to the business and not merely the attributes of the business which can be shown to attract custom. Rather it is all of the assets, advantages and positive attributes of the business working together which bring about the attractive force and result in earnings being generated and value being created. Moreover, a rights-based legal theory of goodwill is consistent with the reasoning of the majority in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Murry (1998) 193 CLR 605 and importantly, reconciles a number of perceived inconsistencies in the decision concerning the role played by custom. Reconciling these anomalies is critical because their existence has seen two conflicting judicial approaches to goodwill emerge, both of which purport to find their authority in Murry. This has been most observable in the taxation area when courts are regularly called upon to resolve matters involving questions of substantial liability to stamp duty and where the existence and value of goodwill is often a determining factor. This article traces the history of goodwill as a legal concept and identifies the significant findings of the majority in Murry concerning the nature, existence, sources and value of goodwill for legal purposes. It examines the cases which have struggled to apply the decision in the face of residual uncertainty about the inseverable nature of goodwill, the role played by custom, and where the critical distinction between the existence and value of goodwill is not well understood. The article addresses this uncertainty, clarifies the role played by custom, and explains the relationship between the rights-based legal concept of goodwill and the value-based accounting concept. Finally, the author submits that the existence of the bundle of rights and privileges is the reason why an operating business which is generating revenue and is expected to continue to do so, will usually possess excess value in an accounting sense. For this reason, it may be time to distance the modern rights-based doctrine of goodwill from its historical patronage-centred past and rename it 'operating business value'; because on its proper construction, goodwill which is recognised by law exists whenever a business is operating and generating revenue and there is reason to believe that this will continue.


This article presents a novel ultra‐wide bandpass filter on microstrip line with sharpened roll‐off skirts, extended upper‐stopband, and controllable notch‐band. A shunt stub structure with two split symmetrical open end stubs is purposed, aiming to create a pair of transmission zeros at the lower and upper ends of the concerned ultra‐wideband range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Then, this open stub loaded with dissimilar low‐impedance sections is studied to create a notch band that is located at 5.6 GHz. To further widen the upper‐stopband and sharpen the roll‐off skirts, an electromagnetic‐bandgap structure is inserted between the two identical coupled lines. Finally, a filter prototype with notch band are designed, fabricated, and tested. Its overall size is only about 0.19λ2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2958–2961, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23818


Composites consisting of SrTiO3‐based perovskite and either yttria‐stabilized zirconia or ceria were investigated. The mechanical compatibility and possible inter‐diffusion between phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. A gradual disappearance of Ce‐containing phases with an increase in the temperature of reduction in hydrogen was noticed. Moreover, a diffusion of Sr, Ti, and Ce was observed between the composites and the yttria‐stabilized zirconia electrolyte support in the conditions of high temperature (1300–1400 °C) reduction in H2.


Studies have found lower levels of educational achievement for students in rural areas focusing mostly on cross-sectional data. Using the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we follow the same youth cohort to examine whether there are metro-nonmetro gaps in high cognitive achievement, high school graduation, college readiness, degree attainment, and earnings. We find that gaps emerge early in life and they remain constant through high school. In addition, results suggest that rural students graduate from high school at the same rate as their urban counterparts, but they fall behind when it comes to college graduation rates. Growing up in a rural area does not seem to impose a wage penalty beyond the lower earnings operating through cognitive test performance and college degree attainment.


Trajectory monitoring based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) is the premise of providing all kinds of the personalized services based on the users' positions on the smart phones. GPS trajectory monitoring could be used to solve the elderly life monitoring which is a serious social problem in China. Owing to smart phones' energy consumption and computing resource constraints, this paper proposes a kind of GPS non-uniform sampling algorithm which is applied to the elderly daily behavior monitoring system based on the Android platform. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can significantly reduce the sampling points and the power consumption of GPS positioning module.


The electric imagery method is introduced in this paper.The image dipole method is employed to analyze the dipole mement of two conductor spheres with different diameters in uniform electric field.When the dipole moment is known,the interactive force between two conductor spheres with different diameters can be derived from the interaction between point charges,interaction between point charge and dipole and interaction between dipoles.


The U.S. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (the Act), which became effective on January 19, 1977, sought to codify the substantive law of sovereign immunity in the United States, while also modifying it in certain respects. An even more important goal was to make the application of such law more uniform, fair, and hence predictable, by relieving the Department of State of the responsibility to determine claims of such immunity, and remitting them exclusively to judicial determination, preferably in federal courts. Now, 2 years after it first took effect, it is appropriate to review the roughly two dozen cases that have applied and interpreted the Act, as well as certain questions that have otherwise arisen in practice, in order to ascertain whether (and, if so, where) significant uncertainties remain and amendment of the Act may be in order. Further, the taking effect of the new State Immunity Act 1978 in the United Kingdom on November 22, 1978, has provided an opportunity to see what others have learned from our experience. It also demonstrates the extent to which they have diverged from our design, suggesting the ultimate utility of a broad international convention on the subject.


Uchikawa K, Takahashi H, Hase K, Masakado Y, Liu M: Strenuous exercise-induced alterations of muscle fiber cross-sectional area and fiber-type distribution in steroid myopathy rats. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87:126–133. Objective:To investigate the effect of exercise intensity on the muscle histopathology in steroid myopathy rats. Design:Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were divided into four groups: a control group (n = 4), steroid-only group (n = 12), moderate exercise + steroid group (n = 12), and a high-intensity exercise + steroid group (n = 12). Five weeks after triamcinolone injection, the soleus muscle (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) were removed and stained for adenosine trihosphatase (ATPase). The muscle fiber area and fiber type distribution of each fiber type were measured. Results:In the high-intensity exercise group, the type I fibers in the SOL and the type IIb fibers in the EDL showed significant atrophy. In the fiber distribution of the SOL, type I fibers decreased in the steroid-only group and high-intensity exercise group as compared with the control, whereas there was a significant increase in the moderate exercise group vs. the steroid-only group. In the EDL, type I fibers were significantly greater in the moderate- and high-intensity exercise groups, whereas type IIb fibers significantly decreased in the moderate-exercise group as compared with the steroid-only group. Conclusions:In rats with steroid myopathy, high-intensity exercise caused changes such as muscle atrophy. The fiber type distribution of the SOL changed from type II fibers to type I fibers in the moderate exercise group. Intensive exercise, however, resulted in transformation from type I to type II in the fiber type distribution. For the EDL, no significant fiber type changes were observed with high-intensity exercise when compared with moderate exercise.


Entrepreneurship is frequently defined as the act of developing something with the intention of adding value to the economy. The results of entrepreneurship can be found in both products and services. Lessons in entrepreneurship should be taught in higher institutions since they are predicted to be able to lower the high unemployment rate, particularly among educated people. In addition, innovative concepts and the most recent advancements are anticipated to surface to encourage student interest in entrepreneurship. MSMEs, the engine of the economy, are the entrepreneurial sector that is currently in the spotlight. Because the time required to manage a business is more flexible and can be self-regulated according to demands, so it doesn't conflict with study time, students can participate as MSME players. Using a sample of 56 students as respondents, this study intends to ascertain the contribution of entrepreneurship learning in generating interest in entrepreneurship among students at the Al-Azhaar Lubuklinggau Islamic Institute. A survey is the quantitative method that was used. By sending online surveys in the form of Google Forms with a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4, data was gathered. Both quantitative and descriptive data analysis was done. According to the study's findings, entrepreneurship education helps students develop an interest in the field


Compositional simulation run times grow significantly as we increase the number of components used to characterize our fluid (SPE 69575). Therefore, having usable and practical models requires that we minimize the number of components without sacrificing prediction accuracy. In this paper we validate a novel approach that automates the compositional lumping as a part of the simulator pre-processing and allows quick evaluation of the impact on results and run-times of reducing the number of components in actual simulation runs.
 Different clustering techniques such as K-means or Agglomerative are applied on five different compositions from the literature which typically would require compositional modelling (gas condensate to volatile oil). The performance of these lumped compositions obtained from clustering are compared with an exhaustive brute-search lumping and the original full composition. These comparisons are made by simulating classical CCE & DLE or CVD lab experiments. The results are quantitatively assessed for proximity to the full composition simulation. With the techniques already validated, a preprocessor is developed that allows the user to input a full composition and set the number of components to be used for the run. These heuristic clustering techniques provide excellent results with minimal time. Although brute-force search may occasionally deliver marginally better outcomes, it does so at immense computational costs and any advantage vanishes after regression.
 To the best of our knowledge, advanced clustering techniques have not previously been applied to the problem of lumping as the industry has relied mostly on theoretical or empirical arguments to prescribe the lumping approach, to be carried out manually, with the occasional study on brute force search (SPE-170912). An additional novelty is to automate compositional lumping in the simulator preprocessor, allowing for accelerated validation of the lumping approach under the expected reservoir conditions. The speed and flexibility of the approach makes it an excellent practical option to test and scale the number of components used in compositional models.


With increasing realization that particles in the air are a major health risk in urban areas, strengthening particle deposition is discussed as a means to air-pollution mitigation. Particles are deposited physically on leaves and thus the process depends on leaf area and surface properties, which change throughout the year. Current state-of-the-art modeling accounts for these changes only by altering leaf longevity, which may be selected by vegetation type and geographic location. Particle removal also depends on weather conditions, which determine deposition and resuspension but generally do not consider properties that are specific to species or plant type. In this study, we modeled <2.5 μm-diameter particulate-matter (PM2.5) deposition, resuspension, and removal from urban trees along a latitudinal gradient (Berlin, Munich, Rome) while comparing coniferous with broadleaf (deciduous and evergreen) tree types. Accordingly, we re-implemented the removal functionality from the i-Tree Eco model, investigated the uncertainty connected with parameterizations, and evaluated the efficiency of pollution mitigation depending on city conditions. We found that distinguishing deposition velocities between conifers and broadleaves is important for model results, i.e., because the removal efficiency of conifers is larger. Because of the higher wind speed, modeled PM2.5 deposition from conifers is especially large in Berlin compared to Munich and Rome. Extended periods without significant precipitation decrease the amount of PM2.5 removal because particles that are not occasionally washed from the leaves or needles are increasingly resuspended into the air. The model predicted this effect particularly during the long summer periods in Rome with only very little precipitation and may be responsible for less-efficient net removal from urban trees under climate change. Our analysis shows that the range of uncertainty in particle removal is large and that parameters have to be adjusted at least for major tree types if not only the species level. Furthermore, evergreen trees (broadleaved as well as coniferous) are predicted to be more effective at particle removal in northern regions than in Mediterranean cities, which is unexpected given the higher number of evergreens in southern cities. We discuss to what degree the effect of current PM2.5 abundance can be mitigated by species selection and which model improvements are needed.


With increasing importance of exoskeletons as rehabilitation apparatuses, suitable and delicate control strategies has received much attention. In order to control the exoskeleton, there should be a complete understanding of torques produced by the limb itself which makes the musculoskeletal modeling of the limb essential but also complex. In addition, the musculoskeletal model can be used to discover the user's desired movement to control the exoskeleton. In this paper a complete musculoskeletal model for the elbow with two degrees of freedom is developed and simulated. Next the model is used to determine user's desired movement. Finally based on this evaluation, an exoskeleton model is controlled by PD and Lyapunov-based controllers. The results show suitable resemblances between the control efforts of natural arm movement and the exoskeleton interfaced system.


Background Coadministration of artemether–lumefantrine and efavirenz has been shown to result in significant interactions. The influence of functional genetic polymorphisms in selected CYPs on the magnitude of this interaction was investigated in pregnant and nonpregnant adults. Method A standard 3-day regimen of artemether–lumefantrine was administered to each patient on steady-state efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from intensive plasma concentration–time data. Genotyping data were tested for compliance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium by Chi-square test. Linear regressions, Mann–Whitney U-test or Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to examine the association of lumefantrine plasma level with CYP2B6 c.516G>T, NR1I3 152c-1089T>C, CYP2B6 c.983T>C, CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22. Results Among a total of 69 malaria–HIV coinfected patients (34 nonpregnant and 35 pregnant), median (interquartile range) age was 33 (27–36.5) years and body weight was 59.5 (50–67.5) kg. In nonpregnant group, CYP2B6 c.516G>T was significantly associated with lower log Cday 7 of lumefantrine using multivariate linear regressions (β = −0.239; P = 0.013). In 59% of women with CYP2B6 c.516T, Cday 7 of lumefantrine was below the target of 280 ng/mL compared to 47% in the noncarriers. CYP2B6 c.983T>C significantly associated with higher log Cday 7 of desbutyl lumefantrine in both pregnant (β = 0.383; P = 0.033) and nonpregnant (β = 0.395; P = 0.023) groups. Composite genotypes for both CYP2B6 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with lumefantrine plasma concentration. An associative trend between lumefantrine pharmacokinetics and NR1I3 152c-1089T>C genotypes indicated that 70% of the Cday 7 of lumefantrine in those with NR1I3 152c-1089TT genotype was below 280 ng/mL compared to 53% in those with NR1I3 152c-1089CC or CT genotype. Conclusion The findings revealed that the efavirenz–lumefantrine interaction was accentuated in the group with CYP2B6 c.516T, c.983C and NR1I3 152c-1089T alleles. This warrants further investigations of other drug–drug interactions for optimising dosing in genetically defined subgroups, particularly during drug development.


A heated debate surrounding the contents of "Defense Reform 2020" has been waging since the plan's announcement in September of this year. Opinions regarding the plan differ widely: some critique it for being overly radical, while others see it as an insufficiently reformative pastiche of previous reform plans. This diversity of views stems from the fact that the plan is the product of rational compromises struck in the process of proposing the changes, identifying the threats to national security, and setting the scope of the reform. In order for "Defense Reform 2020" to succeed, the Army, Navy, and Air Force must participate in its implementation with a sense of ownership and self-motivation. Civilian society must also give unstinted support for this much-needed endeavor at reform, on the recognition that the military and its constituents are among the neglected victims produced by the process of social progress and democratization that took priority under the civilian government. In addition, the reform must be "open," so that the public can see the massive investments bear fruit in the form of increased fighting power. If "Defense Reform 2020" proceeds smoothly through each phase, the R.O.K. armed forces will move several steps closer to realizing the dream of becoming an elite military equipped with greater agility and state-of-the-art weapons systems. In such a case, this reform will not only boost the intangible combat power of the armed forces through the streamlining of its personnel but also demonstrate respect for human dignity within the military. "Defense Reform 2020"must be founded on the vision that human beings still constitute the backbone of the national defense system even in the age of intelligence and information. "Defense Reform 2020" should also provide an opportunity for the military to recover the trust of civilian society, and for it to be reborn as a new armed forces divorced from the errors of the past. The military can no longer be wedged at the center of the conflict between the conservative and the progressive factions. If this reform succeeds in restoring the public's trust in the military, it will have contributed to mitigating the horizontal conflict between the conservative and the progressive forces in society as well as to ameliorating the vertical conflict among the different generations within the armed forces. It must be pointed out that two important factors leading to the failure of repeated reform attempts in the past were the lack of a comprehensive, pan-national approach to the problem and the absence of government-wide support measures. With "Defense Reform 2020," military reform has emerged outside the boundaries of the armed forces for the first time since their establishment. Just as security and national defense are not the responsibility of soldiers alone, neither can military reform be left entirely in the hands of the armed forces. The leaders of our society are finally becoming aware of this truth. The recent debates regarding the draft bill of the fundamental laws and the Ministry of Defense's promotional efforts to secure the sympathy of the public guarantee a level of transparency that is unprecedented in our history of reform. "Defense Reform 2020" must be differentiated from past reforms simply by the fact that it provides sufficient space and time for the public's participation and surveillance.


This research examined the relationship between board attributes and earnings management of deposit money banks listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange for ten years period (2010-2019). Fourteen deposit money banks listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2019 were selected as the samples using census sampling method. Multiple linear regression technique was employed as technique of data analysis. The results shows that board academic and board credit increased and reduced earnings management respectively and insignificantly while board audit reduced the tendencies of managers to manage earnings significantly. Thus, it is recommended that regulators of Nigerian listed deposit money banks should encourage the constitution of audit committee in Nigerian listed deposit money banks. This is because it has proved to play an important role in checkmating unwanted discretionary accruals and improves the earnings quality in the banks.


The nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the cobalt(III) complexes containing 15NO2− were first measured; the coordination chemical shifts, Δδ (=δcomplex–δfree), were found to be from 135.0 to 161.5 ppm. The relationship between Δδ and the geometrical configuration was discussed in terms of the paramagnetic anisotropy of the cobalt(III) ion.


Many regression problems have one grouping variable or factor and several covariates, and the goal of the problem is to understand differences in the regressions between levels of the grouping variable. Standard approaches to this require fitting main effects and grouping variable by covariate interactions, potentially leading to complex models if the number of covariates is greater than one. Using the ideas of the dimension of a regression problem, and dimension reduction, we describe the use of one-dimensional models fit separately to each level of the grouping variable. These models are less general than the interaction models usually studied, but they can lead to very simple results and can also lead to simple and useful summary graphs.


Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are one of the main applications of EC materials for green buildings. By using EC smart windows in buildings, desirable energy savings in air conditioning and artificial lighting systems, as well as occupant comfort, are achieved simultaneously if the colouration of EC smart window is regulated by a suitable operation and control algorithm. In this chapter, the characteristics of EC smart windows are evaluated from the perspective of green building applications. Energy savings, as the top merit of EC smart windows, are mainly derived from reductions in energy use for air conditioning and cooling/heating peak load demand, and the reduction of artificial lighting energy consumption, while occupant comfort, especially visual comfort, can be improved by adjusting the colouration of EC smart windows to reduce the risk of glare. Although some challenges such as scalability and price act as obstacles to the widespread use of EC smart windows, many opportunities are emerging for future development. The improvement of EC materials, connection with the Internet of Things (IoT), and integration with passive building technologies are also discussed in this chapter. Because of these potentials to meet the huge demand of energy savings and occupant well-being in buildings, the market for EC smart windows is expected to increase dramatically in the near future.


This paper proposes a fast integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) control method for a cascaded nonlinear dynamical system with mismatched uncertainties. Firstly, an integral terminal sliding mode surface is presented, which not only avoids the singularity in the traditional terminal sliding mode, but also addresses the mismatched problems in the nonlinear control system. Secondly, a new ITSM controller with finite convergence time based on the backstepping technique is derived for a cascaded nonlinear dynamical system with mismatched uncertainties. Thirdly, the convergence time of ITSM is analyzed, whose convergence speed is faster than those of two nonsingular terminal sliding modes. Finally, simulation results are presented in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ITSM control strategies for mismatched uncertainties.


Melanoma, perhaps more than any other subject in pathology, has lent itself during the last third of the 20th century to mythology and numerology. Those flights of fancy are appreciated best with the vantage and advantage of perspective that time seems to help provide. The ancient Greeks, for example, did not regard their traditional stories about heroes, ancestors, and supernatural beings as mythology; for them, they were elements of religion. In this issue of Cancer, Marghoob et al. report on their conclusions regarding the importance of Clark "levels of invasion" of melanoma for prognostication of the survival of patients; the data were derived from study of sections of tissue of melanoma in specimens taken from 919 patients who were followed closely thereafter by physicians. The melanomas, which were from a registry of the New York University Melanoma Cooperative Group, were diagnosed between 1972 and 1982. Twenty-eight years have now elapsed since the first of those melanomas was collected, and much has transpired in the interim concerning thought about melanoma in particular and melanocytic neoplasia in general. In order to assess meaningfully the conclusions of Marghoob et al., it is advisable to place the matter of levels of invasion in the larger context of shifts in thought about melanocytic neoplasia, and to reflect on what was considered by pathologists and dermatologists everywhere to be articles of faith about melanoma and melanocytic nevi during those 28 years. In 1972, the concepts of "junctional activity" of melanocytes and "active junctional nevus," first written about by Arthur Allen in Cancer in 1949 and subsequently popularized by him in numerous articles and several books, 7 were still very much in vogue. However, even a glance at any of the many photomicrographs captioned by Allen "activated junctional nevus" permits recognition of stereotypical changes of melanoma in situ. Furthermore, "junctional activity" of melanocytes was itself a fiction, because activity—that is, dynamic movement— does not occur in sections of tissue and therefore cannot be identified by a histopathologist. Curiously, not a peep of protest about the lack of authenticity of the notions of junctional activity and active junctional nevus can be found anywhere in the literature of general pathology or of dermatology from that time. In fact, those phrases were standard in reports issued by pathologists about proliferations of abnormal melanocytes of different kinds. Parenthetically, during those years Allen insisted in each edition of Anderson's textbook (as recently as the last edition, to which he contributed in 1990) that melanocytes in the epidermis sprang directly from keratinocytes! 491


Electrochemical behavior of 304L and S32304 stainless steel in phosphoric acid solution with different temperatures and concentrations by means of polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Results showed that with the increase of the phosphoric acid solution concentration,the corrosion voltage,the corrosion current and the polarization resistance of stainless steel increased.With the increase of the phosphoric acid solution temperature,the corrosion voltage and the corrosion current of the stainless steel increased and the polarization resistance and solution resistance decreased.Therefore,the corrosion-resistant properties of S32304 stainless steel are superior to that of 304L stainless steel.


The x-ray mass attenuation coefficients were measured around the K-absorption edges of elements in the range 16 ⩽ Z ⩽ 30 using Fe Kα x-rays of energy 6.400 keV, which is the weighted average energy of Kα1 and Kα2 x-ray components from the 57Co radioactive source. Kβ x-rays were almost eliminated by the differential absorption technique. The small difference in energy between Kα1 and Kα2, 13 eV, was shown to be inconsequential by comparing the measured and theoretical values of μ/ρ for standard materials such as Al, Cu, Mo and Ta. The effect of fine structure of the K-absorption edge on μ/ρ was elucidated by using the compounds of elements in the range 16 ⩽ Z ⩽ 30, containing one element with its K-absorption edge energy (Ek) close to the incident photon energy (Ex). The results clearly indicate the validity of the theoretical mixture rule for all those compounds whose K edge is far away from the incident energy but show deviations of as much as 10% for the manganese compound whose K edge is 140 eV above Ex and about 12% for the chromium compound whose K edge is 410 eV below Ex. These deviations are attributed to the possible influence of resonance Raman scattering when the incident photon energy Ex is less than the edge energy and to the influence of EXAFS when Ex is more than the edge energy.


The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease (EMD) remains poor. A high overall response rate (ORR) has been reported following anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with MM; however, data on patients with EMD remain limited. Herein, we compared and analyzed the efficacy and long‐term follow‐up of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in R/R MM patients with extramedullary‐extraosseous (EM‐E), extramedullary‐bone related (EM‐B), and without extramedullary disease. No difference in the ORR was observed between the three groups. The long‐term efficacy of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in the EM‐E group was worse than that in patients without EMD and with EM‐B. In the EM‐E group, disease progression was the reappearance of extramedullary lesions without an increase in the MM cell percentage or M protein level. Although no difference in the proportion of CAR‐T cells was detected among the three groups, the EM‐E group might exhibit a relatively high grade of cytokine release syndrome following anti‐BCMA CAR‐T therapy. Interleukin‐6 levels in the without EMD group were lower than those in the EM‐E and EM‐B groups. However, given the small number of cases in the three groups, statistical analysis was not performed.(ChiCTR1800017051 and ChiCTR2000033925).


A. Matsumoto, L.C. Ward, P.A. Wilce, S.A. Marsh, R.G. Fassett and J.S. Coombes, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia, School of Molecular & Microbial Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Washington State University, PO Box 1495 Spokane WA 99210-1495, USA and Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, GPO Box 48, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia.


These experiments assessed whether the impairment in proprioceptive acuity in the hand during 'interfering' cutaneous stimulation could be caused by inputs from Pacinian corpuscles. The ability to detect passive movements at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger was measured when vibrotactile stimuli were applied to the adjacent middle finger and thenar eminence at frequencies and amplitudes that favour activation of rapidly adapting cutaneous afferents. Inputs from Pacinian corpuscles are favoured with high‐frequency vibration (300 Hz), while those from Meissner corpuscles are favoured by lower frequencies (30 Hz). Detection of movement was significantly impaired when 300 Hz (20 μm peak‐to‐peak amplitude) complex vibration or 300 Hz (50 μm) sinusoidal vibration was applied to the middle finger and thenar eminence. In contrast, detection of movements was not altered by low‐frequency sinusoidal vibration at 30 Hz with an amplitude of 50 μm or with a larger amplitude matched in subjective intensity to the 300 Hz sinusoidal stimulus. Thus it is unlikely that the impairment in detection was due to attention being diverted by vibration of an adjacent digit. In addition, an increase in amplitude of 300 Hz vibration led to a greater impairment of movement detection, so that the impairment was graded with the input. The time taken to nominate the direction of applied movement also increased during 300 Hz but not during 30 Hz sinusoidal vibration. These findings suggest that stimuli which preferentially activate Pacinian, but not Meissner corpuscles, impair proprioceptive acuity in a movement detection task.


The growth of the EMT6 tumour in the lungs of Balb C mice has been studied following intravenous inoculation of different numbers of tumour cells taken from culture. At various times after injection of cells into mice, cell suspensions have been prepared from pairs of lungs and the number of in vitro colony forming cells assayed by plating into petri dishes. Following intravenous injection of 105 cells, the time required for doubling of the number of clonogenic tumour cells appearing in the cell suspension is around 17 hr until such time that the total tumour cell population per set of lungs reaches 108 cells (at 10–12 days). This doubling time has to be corrected for changes in ability to extract cells from the lungs into the cell suspension at various times and also for possible changes in plating efficiency in vitro. When these correction factors are applied, the most likely value for the doubling time of clonogenic tumour cells in the lungs is in the range 20–24 hr. This is a similar figure to that previously deduced for the EMT6 flank tumour during its microscopic period of growth.


This research was conducted to analyze the performance of the rich. This study examines the impact of employee competency on employee performance with mediation of organizational commitment. Respondents of this research are 50 employees of PT. Ayari Persada. This research uses multiple regression analysis as data analysis technique. SPSS is a statistical tool used to process data. The results showed that employee competency has an effect on employee performance. On the other hand the employee competency also participated in growing organizational commitment of employees. Organizational commitment also affects employee performance. But organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between employee competency and employee performance.


Divergence changing means (1) for variably adjustable change of the divergence of an electro-magnetic radiation beam (5), which is described by a main beam (6) and such optionally having, as well as a plurality of sub-beams, comprising a radiation source (10) for providing the radiation beam (5) with at least the plurality of sub beams, a telecentric arrangement (31) with an optical system (15) having a first focal point (16), a first system area (17) and a second system area (18), and with a beam deflector (30) disposed closely adjacent to or to the first focal point (16) and is arranged and configured such that the radiation beam (5) from the radiation source (10) on the beam deflector (30) is true, the the main beam (6) in the first focal point (16) at or near the first focal point (16) is incident on the beam deflector (30), and that it (the from the radiation source (10) coming beams (5) to the first system area 17 ) of the optical system (15) may perform with different angles of incidence, said optical system (15) is formed such that the radiation beam (5) is (from the first system area 17) mapped so that the main beam (6) of supplied to the first system area (17) the radiation beam (5) from the first system area (17) is deflected in a direction that is independent of the angle of incidence, and so that the plurality of sub-beams of the radiation beam (5) a, compared to related prior to imaging, and other of the angle of incidence angle of divergence with respect to the main beam (6) is mapped, and a Strahlfaltvorrichtung (34) which is formed so that it by the first system area (17) of the optical system beams (5) imaged (15) to the second system area (18) of the optical system (15) deflects wherein the radiation beam (5) is imaged by the second system area (18) of the optical system (15) so that the radiation beam (5) on the beam deflector (30) meets again the main beam (6) .. ,


PurposeTo ensure the safety of electric power supply, it is necessary to inspect substation equipment. With the dramatic increase in the number of substations, especially indoor substations, intelligent robot inspection has become an important development direction. This paper aims to describe the design of a trackless robot with a robotic arm, which is capable of navigating autonomously and inspecting the equipment in a narrow and complex indoor substation.Design/methodology/approachA robust four-wheel platform powered by electric motors is used to carry the robot. By fusing multiple-sensor data and visual markers, the robot achieves autonomous movement based on simultaneous localization and mapping. In addition, to accurately obtain the reading of meters located at height or in a narrow space, the robot is equipped with a newly designed visual servo robotic arm.FindingsIn practical application, the robot satisfies the requirements of substation inspection, improves work efficiency, saves costs and achieves good results. The robot is also approved by the relevant departments of the State Grid Corporation of China.Practical implicationsAfter stable operation in a substation for a period of one year, the robot shows high efficiency and stability, meeting the requirements of indoor substation inspection. Meanwhile, the robot greatly promoted the realization of indoor and outdoor integrated substation automatic inspection, and is expected to be further applied in other industrial inspection sites, including mine, tunnel and nuclear power plant.Originality/valueDue to the complex indoor environment, most of the existing inspection robots are only used outdoors, and there are no good trackless inspection robots for use indoors. The proposed robot is a trackless intelligent inspection robot for use in indoor substations. The robot features a number of important modules, including an autonomous localization and navigation module and a visual servo manipulator module, which can be used in narrow spaces or at height.


Abstract We compared the homing ability of three groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) stocked in Lake Michigan by different procedures. One group of juvenile rainbow trout was imprinted to a synthetic chemical, morpholine, during the presmolt and smolt stages, and a second group was not imprinted. Both groups were stocked directly into Lake Michigan, 1 km north of the Little Manitowoc River. A third group of trout was retained in a pond on the Little Manitowoc River during the presmolt and smolt stages and then released into Lake Michigan at the same location as the other two groups. During the adult spawning migration, morpholine was metered into the Little Manitowoc River. This river and 16 other locations were monitored for returning fish. The morpholine-imprinted fish returned to the Little Manitowoc River in greater numbers and strayed less than did fish from the other two treatment groups. This result is a consequence of exposure to a unique odor cue at the critical period for imprinting.


In this study, the authors report the fabrication of nasal delivery system, termed nasal insert, and was carried out with ionic and nonionic polymer(s). The data revealed that nonionic polymer has less water uptake and low mucoadhesion time in comparison to the ionic polymers. With ionic polymers, relaxation of entangled polymer from the gel was toward lesser extent, thereby providing sustained release during in vitro release. The SEM images show more compact nature of ionic polymer when compared with nonionic polymer. Histopathology and in vitro permeation study conducted using sheep nasal mucosa showed significantly higher drug permeation from nonionic polymer.


It is very difficult to make critical comments on a paper when there is a so close agreement with the author. This is precisely what happens to me with the thoughtful paper by José Raga Gil, "A New Shape for the Welfare State". For this reason the following comments will be divided into two parts. First I will briefly mention a couple of suggestions that could help to further develop the paper. Secondly, I will refer to some weaknesses that, from my point of view, underlie both the analytical and behavioral paradigms of modern economic development and that can help us to explain the crisis of the welfare state analyzed by Raga Gil.


The utility model relates to an air-flowing range hood, comprising an exhaust fan and an absorbing and discharging box which are respectively split and connected by a hose. The range hood also comprises a blower and a wind-curtain pipe, one end of which is connected with the blower and the other end thereof is an annular pipe, which is provided with wind-curtain eyes. Since the exhaust fan and the blower can be outdoors installed, noise of a motor is reduced. Air flow is conveyed into the wind-curtain pipe by the blower and exhausts out of the wind-curtain eyes; a cycle of wind-curtain formed under the absorbing and discharging box separates oil fume of an appliance from external space, thus noise of air flow and the motor is further reduced.


This paper explores the sociopolitical and state dynamics of the Carthaginian statehood, early manifestations of nationhood and nationalism and also unpacks issues such as the identity and regional ethnicity in Carthaginian discourse. This study argues there were indeed ancient nations and that Carthage represents one of the best examples. Carthaginian citizens and allies exhibited their national affiliation in a variety of ways, most notably via a willingness to fight for the Carthaginian national collective in the face of extreme duress during the Punic Wars.


The capillary gas chromatography is established to determine the ethyl acetate content in glutinous rice wine.The results show that there is a good linear correlation(r=0.9999) in the range of 0.036~0.895 g/L of the ethyl acetate concentration when the capillary gas chromatography is used to determine the ethyl acetate content in glutinous rice wine.The method with sensitive,fast and accuracy can be used for determining the ethyl acetate content in glutinous rice wine.


Femoral shaft fractures are among the commonest fracture of lower extremity in children and commonly require hospital admission. There are various modalities of treatments both operative and non-operative. The aim of treatment is to secure union, in good alignment with length restored and early rehabilitation. objective of this study was to compare the results of day 1 spica cast and skin traction followed by spica cast in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children (6 months to 10 years). A total of 64 patients with fracture shaft femur of either sex aged 6 months – 10 years with closed , isolated diaphyseal femur fracture were included in this study. Case with clinical evidence of infection, pathological fractures and multiple injuries including neurovascular injuries were excluded from the study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, Group -1 ( n-32) patients who underwent early spica application while Group -2 ( n-32) patients underwent skin traction in followed by spica cast. Mean age in group A was 5.06 years and 5.12 years in group B (range 6 month – 10 years). Ratio of males and female in Group A and Group B was 19:13 and 20:12 respectively. Average duration of hospital stay was 1.65 days and 11.65 days in group A and group B respectively. Average total time of spica cast application was 45.13 days 49.41 days in group A and group B patients respectively. There were no significant differences between early and delayed spica regarding the complications of treatment and functional outcome. But immediate spica decreased the hospitalization time and the cost of treatment significantly with increased availability of beds while having similar result as achieved by delayed spica application.


Failure of police departments to authentically engage community members in public safety efforts are often linked to the crime problem, racial injustice, police brutality, distrust between police and minority community members, and fear of crime (Dumas et al., 2021; Skogan, 2008), yet efforts at citizen engagement, mostly under the community policing philosophy, have taken various forms and yielded inconsistent results (Bradford et al., 2009; Gascón and Roussell, 2019; Lloyd and Foster, 2009; Lockey et al., 2019). As the United States reckons with a year of political unrest and widespread protests in the wake of the George Floyd murder, examining how police agencies communicate engagement with their constituencies takes on renewed importance. Southern California, an area with a long history of problematic police community relations and local efforts at community policing (Gascón and Roussell, 2019; Jones and Wiseman, 2001), offers one window to view this communication. This study uses police websites and budget documents in several Southern California cities to analyze the police department's efforts to communicate with their constituencies. The history of demands for policing reform includes a common thread, the excessive use of force by police especially in minority communities that lead to a lack of trust from communities and the weakening of legitimacy for agencies. The President's Task Force on


The article considers methodological aspects of assessing the effectiveness of monetary policy and proposes a comprehensive approach to its research. Inflation targeting, as the central bank's obligation to adhere to quantitative indicators of inflation, has become a common monetary regime over the past 30 years in developed and developing economies. However, the impact of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine caused significant problems related to the low efficiency of this regime. Structural problems, the absolute openness of Ukraine's economy, significant inflation potential due to the dominance of non-monetary factors of inflation call into question the choice of the main goal of monetary policy – inflation targeting. The resulting consequences of such a policy are ambiguous. Therefore, after our victory, it is necessary to move away from the dogma of inflation targeting as soon as possible to a more flexible monetary policy with a wider set of target guidelines that will ensure economic growth for our country.


The composition and magnetic properties of Fe/Pt(111) after oxygen exposure were investigated. At room temperature the amount of adsorbed oxygen on the surface increased as oxygen exposure also increased until saturation. For Fe/Pt(111) that were thinner than two monolayers, the oxidative process dominated the initial oxygen exposure. In case of thicker Fe, the physical adsorption was more important. Due to the ferromagnetic properties of the iron oxides , the Kerr hysteresis loops experienced a slight change. We estimated that the diffusion length of oxygen atoms into the Fe films were approximately three monolayers. Under saturated oxygen exposure, the formation of iron oxide hindered the formation of ordered Fe-Pt alloys and results in a depression on the coercive force.


The information development affects the Enterprise Management Defense, and then affects the enterprise innovation. This paper takes the non-financial listed companies in China's A-share market from 2013 to 2017 as samples to empirically study the impact of management defense on enterprise innovation. It is found that managerial defense inhibits enterprise innovation; compared with non-state-owned enterprises, managerial defense of state-owned enterprises has a more significant inhibitory effect on enterprise innovation. The results of this paper provide a basis for improving corporate governance structure, weakening management defense, promoting enterprise innovation, and help government departments deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises.


BACKGROUND
Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive intervention use to perform disc decompression in cases of nerve root compression caused by disc herniation. It is important to find rational guidelines for choosing between nucleoplasty and microsurgery.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze factors that may impact the results of nucleoplasty, and to validate the rational guidelines between minimally invasive treatment and open surgery.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, non-randomized, cohort study with a minimal follow-up period of 18 months.

METHODS
Patients were given a neurological examination, visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability questionnaire, obligatory MRI, optional RCT, and discography, only before nucleoplasty. Patients have been divided into the following groups: Group 1 - patients with a disc protrusion treated with nucleoplasty (n = 46), which has been divided into Subgroup 1A, those with a disc protrusion size ≤ 5 mm (n = 24), and Subgroup 1B, those with a disc protrusion size 6 - 9 mm (n = 22); Group 2 - patients with a disc extrusion treated with nucleoplasty (n = 27); Group 3 - patients with a disc extrusion or sequester treated with microdiscectomy (n = 65).

OUTCOME MEASURES
Clinically significant outcomes were a 50% relief of pain intensity and a 40% decrease of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

RESULTS
A decrease of pain intensity and disability was found in all groups of patients, P < 0.0001; SP (statistical power) = 99 - 100%. Subgroups 1A and 1B showed no clinically significant differences in outcome, P = 0.99; SP = 5.3. Clinically significant results: Group 1 - 78%; 95% CI (confidence interval) [66; 90%], Group 2 - 44%; 95% CI [25; 65%], Group 3 - 93%; 95% CI [85; 98%]. Total annulus disruption increases the rate of unsatisfactory results of nucleoplasty, OR (odds ratio) = 4.5; 95% CI [1.57; 12.87] (logistic regression model, P = 0.0034). Nucleoplasty performed in cases of uncontained disc herniation (disc extrusion) have a significantly higher rate of unsatisfactory results versus microdiscectomy, OR = 19.06; 95% CI [2.29; 68.73] (logistic regression model, P < 0.0001).

LIMITATIONS
This study was limited by the small number of patients in each group.

CONCLUSION
The size of the disc protrusion does not significantly affect the outcome of nucleoplasty. The rational guideline for choosing between the 2 types of surgery is the integrity of the annulus.


A pretty strong argument can be made that our student leaders have a tougher job of working with their peers than we do in working with our students. As teachers, we have implicit authority by way of our titles, our degrees, and to some extent, our years of experience. All of those give us some measure of credibility before we ever get in front of our students. Then, with a great deal of planning and maybe a little luck, we somehow manage to get everyone together in the same place at the same time to rehearse. It can be a humbling experience when you look at those kids doing (mostly) whatever you ask them to do. What authority we have! But if we really think about it, the only real authority we have is that which our students give us by their willingness to comply with our directions.


The present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of formula (I): Formula I In the above formulas, R R R R R R (1-6C) alkyl, (2-6C) alkenyl or (2-6C) alkynyl (which all three optionally substituted with OH, halogen or NH R (1-6C) alkyl, (2-6C) alkenyl, (2-6C) alkynyl or (all optionally as amino, hydroxyl or halogen-substituted) -O (1-6C) alkyl; Cyano, halogen, (1-4C) optionally substituted with alkyl, (1-4C) alkoxy or (1-4C) alkoxy (1-4C) alkyl-substituted (hetero) aryl; -C (H) NOR R R R R R R R (1-6C) alkyl, (2-6C) alkenyl, (2-6C) alkynyl, -O (2-6C) alkyl, -O (2-6C) alkenyl or -O (2-6C) alkynyl carbonyl [both one or more OH, halogen, cyano or (hetero) optionally substituted by aryl; (1-4C) optionally substituted with alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro or amino (hetero) aryl; NH R R Halogen, (1-4C) alkyl or (1-4C) alkoxy, optionally substituted (hetero) aryl or (3-6C) cycloalkyl; R R R (3-6C) cycloalkyl; (1-6C) alkoxy; (1-6C) alkenyloxy; Or (1-4C) alkyl, NH R The invention also relates to the use of this derivative for regulating the pharmaceutical composition, and glucocorticoid receptor activity comprising the compound.


The alkali metal and ammonium oxodiperoxomolybdenum(VI) complexes M[Mo0(02h (Hsih)]. H20 { M = K( I), Na(2),and NHi3)) and dioxoperoxomolybdenum(VI) complexes M[Mo02(0 2)(Hsih) (C2H,OH)]. H20 {M = K(4) and Na (5)} derived from salicylaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (H 2sih) have been synthesized in aqueousethanol media. The structural assignment of the complexes has been carried out on the basis of molar conductance, magnetic moment, EPR data and IR spectroscopic studies. H2sih coordinates to the metal centre in keto form as a monobasic bidentate li gand through phenolate oxygen atom and azomethine nitrogen atom. Peroxide is coordinated to the metal centre in a bidentate chelating fashion . All the complexes are proposed to have seven coordinate polyhedra around the molybdenum centre.


The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of iron and zinc in lambs from Merino and crossbred ewes from different genotypes and production systems in Australia (Western Australia, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria) and to determine the genetic and non-genetic factors that affect iron and zinc concentrations. It was shown that site, sex and kill group within site significantly affected iron content. Lambs in Cowra and those in Kirby (both in New South Wales) had the lowest and highest levels, respectively. Females had 4% higher iron concentration than males and those slaughtered at a later age had higher iron levels. For zinc, site, sire and kill group within site had significant effects. At sites except for Cowra had higher zinc levels. Maternal sired lambs had 5% more iron than Merino and terminal sired lambs, and lambs of groups slaughtered at a later age generally had a higher zinc concentration. In conclusion, both genetic and non-genetic factors have a significant effect on the iron and zinc contents of lamb meat.


The analysis of the optimal funding of education is complicated by the numerous and serious market failures which are likely to characterize a free market for education. Prominent amongst these are the likely external benefits of education, stressed by some new economic growth models.


Guangdong Zhuhai-Zhongshan natural gas pipeline passes mainly through the marine built alluvial plain with the soft soil depths of 3.0 ~12.0 m. Since the pipeline project was completed, obvious pipeline floating phenomena at some sites have occurred. In this paper, the floatage resistance calculation formulas for floated pipeline and for non-floated pipeline are respectively offered according to the soft soil sensitivities. It is helpful to floatage resistance design and survey of similar pipeline projects in soft soil areas.


The invention relates to a design method of a chamfer progressive die. An upper face and a lower face of the chamfer progressive die cannot be chamfered simultaneously, so the chamfering of the upper face and the lower face is required to be finished independently; the chamfer at the front end in the blanking direction is free from the influence of flowing of materials; and discharging of the whole product is finished by two steps, namely upward blanking and downward blanking. By the design method for processing a large number of round gasket parts, the production efficiency is improved and the production requirement for large product quantity can be met.


Portable fiber optics sensing device which detects surface irregularities in a specific tube flare, permits discrete dimensional measurements to be taken, scanned and read out with only one setup. Capabilities of the instrument can be expanded to include surface inspection of various kinds of tube flares.


The invention discloses a polyvalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine which comprises conjugates of capsular polysaccharides of 23 serotype pneumococci and a carrier protein, and the serotypes of the 23 serotype pneumococci are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F and 33F. The conjugate vaccine provided by the invention can stimulate a receptor to generate immune response and further generate protection for like pneumococcal pathogens generating the capsular polysaccharide ingredient. The 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine provided by the invention has more extensive coverage and better immune effect in comparison with the prior art.


Sensor network technology can revolutionize the study of animal ecology by providing a means of non-intrusive, simultaneous monitoring of interaction among multiple animals. In this paper, we investigate design, analysis, and testing of acoustic arrays for localizing acorn woodpeckers using their vocalizations. Each acoustic array consists of four microphones arranged in a square. All four audio channels within the same acoustic array are finely synchronized within a few micro seconds. We apply the approximate maximum likelihood (AML) method to synchronized audio channels of each acoustic array for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of woodpecker vocalizations. The woodpecker location is estimated by applying least square (LS) methods to DOA bearing crossings of multiple acoustic arrays. We have revealed the critical relation between microphone spacing of acoustic arrays and robustness of beamforming of woodpecker vocalizations. Woodpecker


The earth system is composed of lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and outer space. Earth system science probes into interaction between these spheres, rules of earth system changes and mechanism leading the changes. It will lay foundation for predicting global environmental changes and provide scientific basis for managing earth system. Data is the key to earth system science's existence and development. The theoretic study on earth system science has to rely on plentiful data. Data construction and information system development have been regarded an infrastructure of geosciences. Data classification is a fundamental work for data organizing, data management and data sharing. On the basis of spheres of the earth, main disciplines for each sphere and data contents of each discipline, with the principles of scientism, systematism, hierarchy, expansibility, practicality and compatibility obeyed, data of earth system science is classified into 14 categories and 88 subcategories. This classification system is actually applied to a national Scientific Data Sharing Program, named China Sharing Network for Earth System Science Data. Data classification is a very work. Earth system science is in form-taking stage and it has not complete theoretical and methodological systems. With development of earth system science, data classification system put forward in this paper will be updated and perfected unceasingly.


Ride vehicle includes a tactile or physical contact system. The ride vehicle is moved along a path or track. The paths or tracks can be installed outdoors in the fear rides (dark ride) it may be installed in the interior, partially or entirely. The system, by physical or solid touch element to make contact with the body part of the occupant as the physical, and provides a tactile effect. Alternatively, the system emits a vapor, or even a liquid, such as water, such as towards the body part of the passenger or towards the part onto or clothing of a passenger or a gas such as air onto the clothes, water vapor or steam or spray by can work. The system advantageously, but generally equipped in a vehicle, continuously along the discontinuous position or rides path (ride path) on, can receive the electric power or working fluid from an external source.


In spite of the growing importance of direct marketing, there is a lack of research on the influence that direct marketing features have on consumer patronage. The present paper examines the influence of product type, manufacturer reputation, and type of distribution method on consumers' purchase interest in direct marketing offerings. The results indicate that the type of distribution method (whether directly from an 800-number advertised on television, a door-to-door salesperson, a manufacturer, or the catalog of a catalog showroom) to be the most important factor, followed by manufacturer reputation (whether known or unknown), and product type (whether expensive/inexpensive and/or low/high in social visibility). Also, the results suggest the usefulness of conjoint analysis as a practical tool for modeling consumers' interest in direct marketing offerings.


Programs in SCARFS makes a top-down search for zeros which are leaves in a polynomial tree, in which internal nodes represent clusters of high symmetry. Using new schemes for multiplicity estimation and iterate repositioning upon local rebounds by clusters, zeros are found one at a time with deflation in between. For arbitrary polynomials, a zero usually is found in fewer than 10 complex arithmetic iterations, showing significant gain in accuracy and speed over prior methods.


In this work, a study was performed on the influence of the ratio of height to the diameter of the reduction zone of a small-size downdraft gasifier as well as of the fuel fraction sizes on the gas quality (the quality was evaluated for CO content). The ratio of a full side area to the volume of a fuel fraction (SVR) was used as a fuel parameter. The maximum CO concentration was observed when using a small fuel fraction with SVR—0.7–0.72 mm−1 and when adhering to the ratio of height to the diameter of the reduction zone H/D—0.5–0.6. The maximum electric power for gasoline generators (nominal power equaled 4 kW) when using the gas received from the fast-growing hybrid willow biomass equaled 2.4 kW. This power is 37.5% lower than when using gasoline and 7.0% lower than when using the gas received from the hardwood biomass. The emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere by the gasoline generator engine equaled 0.12–0.14% CO and 24–27 mln−1 CxHy. The emissions were 64.8 times less for CO and 8.5 times less for CxHy when compared with using gasoline.


Plans for Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Compact Ignition Tokamak call for at least 10 MW at fields from 7T to 10T with extension to 40 MW possible. 1 MW CW Gyrotron sources for fundamental heating are currently in the design phase. The transmission system must accomodate these high powers in addition to the constraints of small space and access in a tritium environment. Quasi-optical and corrugated guide systems are under consideration, as well as hybrid designs. A preliminary design is presented, and options for alternatives are discussed.


Abstract: Library as a source of information (resource center) is a very strategic place in the dissemination of information. Reciprocation of an organization is influenced by the applied management, especially top managers factor. Selection of top managers should be based on good managerial skills within the organization, so the important thing is the ability (capability) not on anything, so everyone has the right to occupy that position. With the expected capabilities of the organization will be able to run properly in accordance with the vision, mission, and programs that have been implemented. This is in accordance with a saying that we have to determine the position of a person according to his ability.


Summary. Membrane protein synthesis in human immature erythroid cells was studied by incubating the cells with 5S‐methionine in vitro. The radioactive precursor amino acid was incorporated into membrane protein in a linear fashion for approximately 60 min, after which there was only a slight increase in incorporation. Intracellular protein synthesis, in contrast, was linear for periods up to 2 h. Analysis of isolated membranes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate showed that peripheral blood reticulocytes synthesized two proteins in the 4.5 region (MW = 50–60 000 D) and a third protein coinciding with band 6 (glycer‐aldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase). Separation of reticulocytes into different age groups on stractan II gradients showed more immature reticulocytes synthesize a wider range of membrane proteins, extending from bands 4.1 to 8. When nucleated red cells were present in the incubations, synthesis of band 3 was also observed. Earlier erythroid precursor present in erythropoietic BFU‐E cultures synthesized spectrin in addition to the other membrane proteins. The data indicate that human red cell membrane protein synthesis follows a programmed pattern and that as the erythroid elements mature they lose the capacity to synthesize certain membrane proteins.


The study aimed to evaluate the maternal behavior of Najdi ewes lambing under intensive farming conditions in Saudi Arabia. A total of 242 lambings were monitored and litter size (LS), dystocia, parturition length (PL), maternal behavior measured as lamb acceptance and licking (LD, licking delay; LL, licking length), and concurrent parturitions in the same pen, were recorded. Najdi ewes showed moderate LS (1.31 lambs/ewe), which increased according to parity. Despite being considered as a poor motherhood sheep breed, low dystocia (4.5%), fast and easy parturition (28.5 min) were observed in Najdi ewes in our study. The ewes take good care of their lambs, licking them early (LD, 1.2 min) and for enough time (LL, 28.5 min) after parturition. On the contrary, the studied flock showed a high incidence of lamb rejections (20.7%) which increased in primiparous ewes. No effects of LS, season or dystocia were detected on lamb acceptance, but concurrent parturition was identified as the main cause of lamb rejections.


under the circumstance of socialist market economy, the moral education must advance with time, and the quality should be improved so as to foster students' humane spirits, and influence students with teacher's personality, creating the new situation of moral education continually.


This paper presents an effective methodology to teaching the UNIT 1 Caribbean Examinations Council's advanced level Electrical and Electronic Technology (EET) subject to students of Presentation College, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago. The paper also serves to compare the performance of students under this new effective methodology with previous methodology implored in the 5 years this subject was offered to students of the college. In conclusion, the new methodology offers an increase in the performance of students when compared to the previous methodology. This paper explored the teaching of CXC CAPE Electrical and Electronic Technology UNIT 1 to sixth form secondary school students of Presentation College, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago. The paper compared the performance of students when both previous and new methods are used. Future developments for this research will obviously be to undertake the investigation using a larger sample size if possible. More students will be encouraged to pursue the course and similar test will be conducted. A major future development is testing the new strategy along with old strategies using the same cohort of students. In this paper this was not done and hence the possibility exists that students in years 2015 and 2016 were just more academically inclined than students of previous years. Another future development includes performing all test multiple times for the same cohort. Feedback for each test can be repeated and findings summarized. A good future development is to now determine the impact of this strategy of teaching EET to secondary students to their attempts at the university electrical and computer engineering program. This should hence determine if the preparation of students with this strategy benefits them when undertaking future programmes, hence providing evidence towards having this EET programme as a prerequisite to the university programme.


Background: Chemotherapy drugs such as vinblastine cause oxidative stress in the bone marrow resulting changes in blood cell production and anemia. In this study, the antioxidant and therapeutic potential of quercetin was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; The Control group received a daily dose of normal saline, group 2 received a single dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. vinblastine intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the first day of study, and group 3 received a single dose of vinblastine (2 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) along with quercetin (20 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) for 14 days. To evaluate oxidative stress in bone marrow;, malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance (PAB) were also measured using specified methods. Results: The blood analysis showed that the mean level of RBC, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit were significantly higher in the vinblastine group compared to the control group. Treatment with quercetin could elevate them into the normal range. vinblastineAdministration of vinblastin elevated the levels of bone marrow MDA and PAB significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the control group but had no effect on total antioxidant capacity. The use of quercetin with vinblastine showed a decrease in the levels of bone marrow MDA and PAB compared to the vinblastine group alone. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that quercetin at a dose of 20 mg/kg could improve the anemia induced by vinblastine chemotherapy, and it can also be useful in improving vinblastine-induced lipotoxicity.


The scheduling algorithm generally only considers the factors that directly affect the computing performance, such as processor, internal and external storage, and network, but ignores the data itself. In data-intensive computing applications, data deployment takes a long processing time and becomes Restrict the bottleneck of efficiency. In this paper, the data storage and computing information are exchanged and applied reasonably at the right time. A scheduling strategy based on the information coordination mechanism of big data storage and computing is proposed. This strategy makes full use of the advantages of distributed storage, and introduces the replica location into the scheduling parameters. The experimental results are compared with the typical computing capability scheduling strategy, and there are advantages in data preparation time and total operation time.


The classification system of atypical and typical antipsychotics has created a lot of confusion and might be abandoned. Nevertheless, to say that all drugs are the same and that therefore it does not matter which drug is given is wrong. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics differ in side-effects, mechanisms of action, cost and efficacy. The available choice of antipsychotics should be adapted to individual patients in a shared decision-making process.


TWO BACTERIAL strains were isolated by soil enrichment technique and identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus DM-3 and Bacillus cereus DM-5. Biodegradation experiments were performed in carbon free-mineral salt media supplemented with 100 mg/L of dimethoate. The ability of bacterial strains to degrade the dimethoate was evaluated under various conditions such as pH range, temperature and different concentrations of dimethoate. The dimethoate residue was determined quantitatively by HPLC method and the degradation byproducts were identified by GC/MS technique. The results revealed that both bacterial strains can utilize dimethoate as a sole carbon source up to a concentration of 500 mg/L. The optimum temperature for both strains to degrade dimethoate was 28°C. L. sphaericus DM-3 and B. cereus DM-5 showed maximum growth in the presence of dimethoate at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. L. sphaericus DM-3 could degrade 24% of dimethoate within 72 h, whereas the degradation percentage using B. cereus DM-5 was 17% after the same incubation period. The main byproducts from the degradation of dimethoate by L. sphaericus DM-3 and B. cereus DM-5 was namely O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate. This study reports for the first time the efficient ability of L. sphaericus DM-3 and B. cereus DM-5 to degrade dimethoate, up to 500 mg/L, over a wide range of pH.


This paper describes a forgetting technique for the live update of viewer profiles based on individual sliding windows, fading and incremental matrix factorization. The individual sliding window maintains, for each viewer, a queue holding the last n viewer ratings. As new viewer events occur, they are inserted in the viewer queue, by shifting and fading the queue ratings, and the viewer latent model is faded. We explored time, rating-and-position and popularity-based fading techniques, using the latter as the base fading algorithm. This approach attempts to address the problem of dynamic viewer profile updating (volatile preferences) as well as the problem of bounded processing resources (fixed size queues). The results show that our approach outperforms previous approaches, improving the quality of the predictions.


AbstractPolymers are widely used materials and are indispensable in handling radioactive materials in fumehoods, gloveboxes, etc. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique is widely employed for the removal of radioactive contaminants from various matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) modified with suitable ligands as an extraction medium. In the present study, recovery of plutonium from various polymeric matrices, such as neoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and surgical gloves has been demonstrated using Sc-CO2 modified with n-octylphenyl N,N-diisobutyl carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in methanol. The matrix was initially subjected to neat Sc-CO2 extraction to prevent co-extraction of organic compounds during SFE of plutonium; in the initial extraction with Sc-CO2, organic compounds added as additives to the polymeric matrix were extracted. In the initial studies, SFE method was developed for the complete recovery of plutonium from simulated polymeric waste matrices. Subsequently...


Behaviour of ultra-high pressure disel spray and its structure in a constant-volume pressure chamber were studied with injection pressure ranging from 20 to 110MPa. Sprays were photographed with back illumination scattering method and right angle scattering method. The jet spray angle measured by right angle scattering photo graph and the spray structure were investgated with both photographs. As a result, the jet and spray angle was larger as injection pressure increases and the branches in spray get shorter with the increase of injection pressure.


High data rate transmission is the need of modern wireless communication systems. Broadcast antennas are in demand as EM waves are transmitted at high frequency for high data rate transmission. Low profile, light weight, inexpensive, compact printed antennas are well suited for broadcasting for their ability to operate in broad frequency range. Printed microstrip antenna (Patch antenna) is used in various consumer applications meeting above mentioned requirements. Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is easily integrated with Microwave ICs and Monolithic Microwave ICs because of its compactness. Reconfigurable Band Notch Antennas have attracted an interest of researchers due to its ability of rejection of electromagnetic interference (EMI) from various narrowband applications present in ultra wide band (UWB). In this paper, a portion of research available on Reconfigurable Band Notch Antenna in UWB applications has been studied and surveyed.


Abstract:This essay examines the main recurrent character of France's acclaimed crime fiction writer, Fred Vargas. The author, born Frédérique Audoin-Rouzeau, works as an archeologist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. In her spare time over the past twenty years, she has produced a literate opus of detective novels and short stories whose main focus is a human comedy of interesting characters. In L'homme aux cercles bleus, Vargas introduced Jean-Baptiste Adamsberg, who would reappear in five subsequent novels. Commissioner Adamsberg, the "anti-flic," hardly a classic detective, relies on intuition to interpret signs in order to solve cases.


The voltage-lift (VL) technique is an effective method that could be applied in electronic circuit design. A series of negative output dc-dc converters (voltage-lift-type Cu-k converters) applying series Cu-k implementing VL techniques is introduced. Compared with the Cu-k converter prototype, these converters can perform positive to negative dc-dc voltage increasing conversion with higher voltage transfer gains. They are different from other existing dc-dc step-up converters and possess several advantages, mainly including fewer switches, clear conversion processes and a high output voltage with the small ripple. Since the proposed converters avoid using transformers and cascade connection, the relative simple structures are beneficial to potential practical applications in future. A detailed theoretical analysis for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes is given. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the main characteristics.


Topic of the assignment: Creating a chatbot user interface design framework for the Holmes cyber security home network router for the company DistributIT.


Experimental investigation of mechanisms seems to make use of causal relations that cut across levels of composition. In bottom-up experiments, one intervenes on parts of a mechanism to observe the whole; in top-down experiments, one intervenes on the whole mechanism to observe certain parts of it. It is controversial whether such experiments really make use of interlevel causation, and indeed whether the idea of causation across levels is even conceptually coherent. Craver and Bechtel have suggested that interlevel causal claims can be analysed in a causal and a non-causal component. I accept this idea but argue that their account should be modified so as to account of cases of apparent downward causation. First, constitution must be distinguished from identity; second, the analysis of downward causation requires the concept of a partial constraint. An analysis along these lines shows that the possibility of downward causation is not refuted by Kim's argument according to which it is incompatible with the completeness of physics.


For nonsmooth functions and differential forms on manifolds generalized directional derivatives, subgradients and Lie derivatives are introduced. Some rules for subgradients are given. Cartan's formula and Stokes' theorem are formulated for generalized subgradients and Lie derivatives


The work developed in this PhD thesis is focused on video sequence analysis. Thelatter consists of object detection, categorization and tracking. The development ofreliable solutions for the analysis of video sequences opens new horizons for severalapplications such as intelligent transport systems, video surveillance and robotics.In this thesis, we put forward several contributions to deal with the problems ofdetecting and tracking multi-objects on video sequences. The proposed frameworksare based on deep learning networks and transfer learning approaches.In a first contribution, we tackle the problem of multi-object detection by puttingforward a new transfer learning framework based on the formalism and the theoryof a Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) filter to automatically specialize a Deep ConvolutionalNeural Network (DCNN) detector towards a target scene. The suggestedspecialization framework is used in order to transfer the knowledge from the sourceand the target domain to the target scene and to estimate the unknown target distributionas a specialized dataset composed of samples from the target domain. Thesesamples are selected according to the importance of their weights which reflectsthe likelihood that they belong to the target distribution. The obtained specializeddataset allows training a specialized DCNN detector to a target scene withouthuman intervention.In a second contribution, we propose an original multi-object tracking frameworkbased on spatio-temporal strategies (interlacing/inverse interlacing) and aninterlaced deep detector, which improves the performances of tracking-by-detectionalgorithms and helps to track objects in complex videos (occlusion, intersection,strong motion).In a third contribution, we provide an embedded system for traffic surveillance,which integrates an extension of the SMC framework so as to improve the detectionaccuracy in both day and night conditions and to specialize any DCNN detector forboth mobile and stationary cameras.Throughout this report, we provide both quantitative and qualitative results.On several aspects related to video sequence analysis, this work outperformsthe state-of-the-art detection and tracking frameworks. In addition, we havesuccessfully implemented our frameworks in an embedded hardware platform forroad traffic safety and monitoring.


EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe Bulletin's special section on information architecture explores three noteworthy aspects of creating meaning and designing information. Kate Garklavs explains voice and tone in writing, discussing how consistently conveying personality and values can enhance the user experience in information architecture. Victor Yocco and Ashley Pulli explore social math as a method to inform through a visual story, making complex data understandable, meaningful and compelling. Dan Klyn analyzes two disparate works to demonstrate how internal comparison can shed light on the evolution and information architecture of a piece. The articles of the special section offer intriguing new insights into information architecture.


Turbocharger is a device that increases the overall performance of engine by reusing the exhaust heat to drive the turbine. A two wheeler engine with turbocharger increases the power of engine and with reusing of exhaust gas which results of less fuel consumption. The immediate objective of this report project is to develop and upgrade two wheeler for commercial purpose as well as racing purpose. The emphasis today is to provide feasible engineering solution to manufacturing economics and "greener" road vehicle. It is because of this reason that turbocharger are now becoming more popular in automobile applications.