A novel passive phase error correction technique for stable radio transfer via an optic cable with three fibers is proposed. The single-tone radio (at f0) to be transmitted is first frequency-divided by 2. The half-frequency signal is transmitted to the receiver through one fiber of the cable and then frequency-tripled. The obtained signal is mixed with another half-frequency signal that passes the optic cable three times through different fibers. The filtered frequency component at f0 has the same phase with that of the original radio. Both the phase delay and its variation during fiber transmission are removed, which enables an endless phase error correction. The proposed technique can avoid the use of extra radio frequency sources and bidirectional transmission in the same fiber. An experiment is carried out for the delivery of a 6 GHz radio signal through a 1.5 km ribbon type fiber optic cable. The time delay variation of ~350 ps induced by the 6°C temperature change can be confined to ±1.3 ps using the proposed technique.


AIM
Identification of new antiproliferative compounds.

METHODOLOGY
Four series of compounds were synthesized by the Mitsunobu reaction. Their antiproliferative activity was studied against several cancer cells and a noncancerous fibroblast cell line. Their apoptotic activity was analyzed using a caspase 3/7 fluorescence assay.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION
9-alkylated-6-halogenated and 2,6-dihalogenated purines show remarkable inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, with the dichloro derivatives being the most potent of all the series. The most promising compound, tetrahydroquinoline 4c, exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against the cancer cells tested, while displaying a 19-fold lower potency against noncancerous fibroblasts, a key feature that indicates potential selectivity against cancer cells. This compound produces a high percentage of apoptosis (58%) after 24 h treatment in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.


Abstract : Studies of the military effectiveness of Navy enlisted personnel made it possible to derive formulae which are useful for predicting enlistee effectiveness. The report is of a study designed to evaluate what moderating effect, if any, enlistee membership in a specific group might have upon the validity of effectiveness predictions.


This study attempt to detect some BV associated bacteria and their associations with miscarriage in vaginosis women. One hundred fifty (150) high vaginal swabs were collected from married vaginosis women, from the hospital of Babylon city and private clinics.Seventy five samples were taken from vaginosis women without miscarriage and Seventy five samples from vaginosis women with miscarriage.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) women was diagnosis as having BV according to Amsel's criteria. The age of patient (15– 45) years. The sample was collected by disposable swabs.This swab stored in freezing until were used for molecular analysis, DNA was extracted from these swabs and the 16s rRNA genes of some bacterial vaginosis bacteria detection by polymerase chain reaction technique. Molecular result showed that G. vaginalis 139(92.66%) and Atopobium vaginae 116(77.33%) were more common than other causes of bacterial vaginosis. This result showed that the highest rate of Vaginosis occurred in low education (Illiterate) level 85 (57%) and most cases of miscarriage occurred at the first trimester 45(60%).Alsothe role of the infectious agent with miscarriage investigated, The results indicated astatistically significant difference between multiple miscarriage and single miscarriageofin women that infection with Megasphaerasp, Atopobiumvaginae, G. vaginalis and Leptotrichia sp (p=0.050%, p==0.022%,0.038%0.036% respectively).


many different ways and we have not seen the end of definition-making. This should not distress us. After all, biologists have lived with a continuing dialogue on the species concept with no disastrous consequences. On the contrary, differences of opinion have stimulated research and thought. Many years ago I wrote a treatise on the natural areas concept in which I reviewed several systems and came to the conclusion that the value of a natural area definition and a system of natural area classification depended strictly on a given purpose. Change the purpose and a new and different concept will be valid. For example, the forest types of professional American foresters are based


While Lawrence was indebted to the 20th century's technical advancements, especially those pertaining to modes of transportation, which made world travel broader, faster and safer, enabling him (and his characters) to break free from the restrictions of English society, he nonetheless railed against such values as convenience and materialism, writing from Australia: "Everything is 'so convenient,' they keep telling you. They can keep their convenience" (L iv. 250). Instead, he professed his p...


Abstract The study aimed to determine the effects of Weisella confusa SR-17b fermented PKC (LPKC) and different levels of dietary fats on the growth performance, caecal microbial population, and blood lipid profile concentration in broiler chickens raised in the tropical environment. During the starter period, all birds received the same basal diet. From d 22 to 35, broiler chickens were randomly fed with either (1) 20% LPKC based diet with 5% palm oil, (2) 20% LPKC-based diet with 9.5% palm oil, (3) 20% PKC-based diet with 5% palm oil or (4) 20% PKC-based diet with 9.5% palm oil.No significant difference was observed between LPKC and PKC diets on broilers' growth performance. LPKC-based diet reduced the caecal population of E. coli and serum triglyceride concentration. In terms of oil supplementation, both PKC- and LPKC-based diets required higher levels of dietary fat to maintain optimum growth performance. A higher level of dietary fat in the LPKC-/PKC-based diet reduced serum levels of triglycerides and lower-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowered the caecal E. coli population. Highlights Feeding finisher diet based on fermented palm kernel cake has no effect on the overall growth performance but reduces gut E. coli population, and serum triglycerides levels. Incorporating 9.5% palm oil in the finisher diet is beneficial in improving final body weight and feed efficiency, reducing gut E. coli population, and modifying serum lipid profile. Diet with fermented palm kernel cake and 9.5% palm oil shows the best feed cost/kg of chicken produced.


AbstractAPOLLO II is a new, multigroup transport code under development at the Commissariat a I'Energie Atomique. The code has a modular structure and uses sophisticated software for data structuralization, dynamic memory management, data storage, and user macrolanguage. This paper gives an overview of the main methods used in the code for (a) multidimensional collision probability calculations, (b) leakage calculations, and (c) homogenization procedures. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the potential of the modular structure of the code and the novel multilevel flat-sux representation used in the calculation of the collision probabilities.


The recent discovery of the giant fan palm Tahina spectabilis from the foot of a small outcrop of 'tsingy' (karst limestone) in remote northwestern Madagascar caused great excitement in the world's press. The crowns of the palms are so large that they are visible using Google Earth. The species is the only member of a newly described coryphoid palm genus with its closest relatives in Asia; the palm is thus genetically and physically isolated. It flowers only once with a massive compound terminal inflorescence; after flowering and fruiting the individual palm dies. We undertook a complete survey of the population structure of T spectabilis and mapped the relative locations of all known individuals to determine the size of the population and the distribution of size classes of individuals. We also made collections of mature leaf material from all plants in the population that were greater than 30cm in height and from a selection of smaller seedlings. We thus sampled a total of 110 plants from three sites for analysis to determine the genetic variation within the species and the genetic relationships among the individuals within the population. The majority (85 out of 87) of the plants 30cm and taller and all the seedlings were found in a single population. Preliminary results will be presented. Together these results will be used to assess the long term viability of the species and to assist with its conservation management. There has been considerable interest in this species and local conservation management has been established; our results will be useful to guide further actions such as possible introductions of the species to new sites.


In outdoor substation's complex environment, the accuracy and stability of the inspection robot's motion control is hard to be maintained. In view of this situation. This paper designed a motion control system based on magnetic navigation and differential steering motion. The test results indicate that this design is stable and reliable, the desired accuracy is achieved.


Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) negativelly affects the cognitive and psychomotoric spheres of the pupil's social behavior and social adaptation. The review of many studies states that pupils with AD/HD achieve worse learning results because of insufficiently functioning cognitive processess, such as attention, (work) memory, thinking, problem solving, language, small- and large- scale motorics. Behavioral features, exhibited with AD/HD, include low-frustration tolerance, temper problems, persistence, emotional liability, depression, peer rejection, poor self-concept and poor self-esteem. Because of insufficiency of the cognitive processes, the difficulties of social behavior and social adaptation, pupils with AD/HD more often have a dysfunction of pupils' role that manifests by learning difficulties and behavior problems. The manifestation of the disorder in the younger school age in the context of children's school activities and roles actualizes the exceptional interest of the educational science in the analyzed phenomenon. The search and construction of effective means of socio-educational help for AD/HD primary class pupils should be associated with coordination and adaptation of different effective educational methodologies of different conceptual origin. In order to develop cognitive, psycho-motoric abilities and social behavior of the group of primary class pupils with AD/HD (N=22), activities of supplementary education were organized after classes (their duration was 6 months). During the forming experiment, original methodologies were constructed and national and foreign researchers' educational methodologies were adapted and tested in new, specific conditions (methods of fairy-tales, correction of cognitive behavior, graphical-logical tasks, games in the sport hall). Even by relatively rare activities of supplementary education in a homogeneous group of children suffering from AD/HD positive changes of cognitive, psychomotoric sphere, social behavior and social adaptation were achieved.


Utilizing a transmission bandwidth of 2 GHz, we demonstrate 10.6-Gb/s transmission (11.9-Gb/s including overhead) over 100 m of 120-micrometer core-diameter graded-index polymer optical fibre with discrete multi-tone modulation, achieving a spectral efficiency of 5.3 bit/s/Hz.


In Pakistan in 1974, av. grain yields of maize, sorghum and pearl millet were 922, 586 and 442 kg/ha, resp


Female Wistar rats with an average body weight of 100g were divided into 8 groups according to three levels of vitamin D2 added to their diets (0, 1 and 5 IU/100g of food), two levels of cadmium (0 and 10mg/100g of food) and the method-oral or subcutaneous-for administration of cadmium. Rats were exposed to cadmium for 500 days. There was a significant decrease of the iron content in the liver, kidney and femur in rats which had ingested cadmium and in vitamin D-deficient control rats. However in the rats which had been injected cadmium there was no decrease in iron in the liver, and only a slight decrease in iron in the femur and kidney was observed. Significant reductions of hematocrit and hemoglobin were found only in those rats which had received cadmium both orally and subcutaneously, although there was no significant difference for iron concentrations in organs between rats having ingested cadmium and rats receiving it both orally and subcutaneously. These results indicate that cadmium-induced anemia can not explained merely as an iron deficiency caused by the oral exposure to cadmium.


Through transfer duct,the large powdered coal gasifier and waste heat boiler(WHB) were integrated,but the support skirt of the gasifier base was fixed,while the WHB side was supported by a constant hanger(floating support),thus the "conventional design" is not applicable to the strength calculation of pressure vessels of the system.A model for integral calculation of the gasifier and WHB system was set up,to use stress analysis method to calculate the integral dynamic effect.The integral system deformation,force and moment of the gasifier under different loads are determined with this model,which set up a basis for accurate calculation of each key part,and a solid foundation for safe operation of the gasifier and WHB system.


Adaptation of Jomon people in the Japanese islands attained a certain level in the course of history between the stage 3 and 4 of Jomon Age which is divided into six stages.Cultural areas at that time can be divided into eight groups (see Fig. 1). These were I) Hokuto cultural area in the subarctic needle-leaf forest of eastern Hokkaido, II) Ento cultural area in the cool-temperate deciduous forest of southwestern Hokkaido and northern Tohoku, III) Daigi cultural area in the warm-temperate deciduous forest along the rias coast of southern Tohoku, IV) Ukishima-Otama cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of eastern Kanto where the coastal line was extensively elongated by the Jomon transgression, V) Umataka-Chojagahara cultural area in the warm-temperate deciduous forest on the Japan Sea slope where the winter snow is thickest in Honshu, VI) Katsusaka cultual area in the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest on the Pacific slope, VII) Funamoto cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of western Japan and VIII) Sobata-Ataka cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of western Kyushu.Due to the adaptation to such natural environments these eight cultural areas showed great regional varieties. Locating in the northern side of the Blakiston line, Hokkaido had particularly different cultures. Differnt kinds of bears lived there and no wild pig was found. Accoridingly stone arrow-head showed larger percentage than stone spear-head increasingly in the north. Also the fishing cultures were different in Hokkaido where the cold ocean currents were dominant.In Honshu along which the warm ocean current were prevailing, Daigi cultural area was a center for fishery in ocean (fish-fook and harpoon for Chrysophrys major, Thunnus thynnus, Katsuwonus pelamis etc.) and Ukishima-Otamadai culural area was a center for fishery in bay (netsinker and bone fish-spear for Lateolabrax japonicus, Mylio macrocephalus etc.). Incipient agricultre is often discussed for the Katsusakac ultural area.Also wild nuts had regional differenciation. Nuts of Lepidobalanus were found from the cultures I)-VI), while those of Cyclobalanopsis and Passania were for the cultures IV)-VIII). Aesculus trubinata were common to II)-VI). Distribution of stone querns etc. had certain relationships with these nuts.The adaptation patterns, however, were quite complicated and it will take long time to reconstruct the whole adaptation systems. Cooperation with the related sciences is strongly needed.


The classification model of scientific research is a theoretic base for science policy making.The linear model proposed in 1945 by V.Bush theoretically dissevered the direct relationship between national goals and basic research.By establishing a model with two dimensions of understanding and use,Donald E.Stokes combined basic research and national goals into the so called Pasteur's Quadrant.However,classifying scientific research by these two dimensions only is not sufficient.It is necessary to develop his model to a 3-dimensional one by adding one more dimension of discipline.


Recently, "Emotion" has attracted public attention socially and continuously in the fields such as construction, environment, design and products. Also, phenomenological concept of space through the physique in the viewpoint of the human-oriented aspect, namely, body, has been managed as a planned measure suitable for a new era and space. In this study, the author examined and analyzed the verbs and emotional vocabulary about the human body"s behavior. The phenomenological space conception through body, i.e, flesh in this human centered point of view is being treated as the suitable planning measure on the new era and space. Though the epochal issue for Emotion is being attempted in many ways in various field such as product and marketing, the approach through the relationship between human and space. Therefore, we would like to see how the Emotion related to the movement that occurs in the space by analyzing the human body movement which is the subject of experiencing the space experimentally and research the characteristic of Emotion and space movement. SPSS 12.0 was used for the analysis to perform the analysis of basic statistics and Factor Analysis, and then to analyze the characteristic and emotional attribute for the experimental analysis. Comparing the activity for the 2 groups" behavior through the analyzed result with the test, active behavior was found to be higher than inactive behavior in the emotional value, and their bodies" motion showed averagely positive value in the emotional aspect; their bodies" motion was presented differently according to the attributes and amount of the people who would experience a specific space. However, the author found that affirmative and active behavior showed emotional aspect more than inactive behavior.


The  article analyzes the  problems of  introducing new theoretical and methodological approaches in  the  educational process of  primary school. The authors consider the changes that occur in learning as a result of the creation and application of  pedagogical innovations  – ideas, principles, technologies, methods and teaching aids. Unfortunately, the analysis of the literary sources and work experience of  teachers in  primary schools of  the  Moscow Region indicate a  lack of  activity of  teachers in  this direction. One of  the  main  reasons for this problem is the lack of an innovative environment in educational institutions, which is  manifested in  the  methodological unpreparedness of  teachers, in  their poor awareness of the essence of pedagogical innovations.


Four known antagonistic microorganisms, namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium cyclopium were paired against four pathogens of maize, namely, Curvularia pallescens, Drechslera maydis, Fusarium moniliforme and Macrophomina phaseoli and a pathogen of cassava, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis on potato dextrose agar. The main aim was to test the ability of the antagonists to inhibit the growth of the pathogens. Whereas B. cereus and B. subtilis inhibited the growth of C. pallescens, D. maydis, M. phaseoli and C. gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis, they did not inhibit the growth of F. moniliforme. A. ochraceus and P. cyclopium were effective only against M. phaseoli. Inhibitory activity on the target organisms are thought to be due to some toxic substances produced by the antagonists.


The outer membrane proteins(OMP) of virulent avian Escherichia coli O_(78) strain(O_(78)), virulent Pasteurella multocida C_(48-1)(5∶A) strain(C_(48-1)), attenuated avian Escherichia coli O_(78)~r strain(O_(78)~r ) and attenuated fusion strain of O_(78)~r-C_(48-1)(F_(4 )), were extracted respectively by means of sonication, sarkosyl treatment and ultracentrifugation. The SDS-PAGE of the OMP show that one OMP band (about) 31 ku or 41 ku in molecular weight existed in all of the four strains. Another one OMP band with a molecular weight of 34 ku was found in O_(78), O_(78)~r and C_(48-1). Young mice and chickens were challenged by virulent O_(78) and C_(48-1) on day 15 and day 22 respectively after being vaccinated with the emulsified OMP of O_(78) and C_(48-1) or F_(4). The results showed that all the OMP of the three bacteria have immunogenicity and can induce cross-protective immunity. The antibodyIgG of the chicken sera against all the three OMP can be detected with the OMP of O_(78) and C_(48-1)as coated-antigens by ELISA.


Due to low cost and low complexity, passive ultrahigh-frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) is gaining popularity in indoor localization. According to current RFID channel models, multipath propagation and noise are two significant factors that affect the accuracy of measured RF signals. To minimize the impacts of measurement errors on localization, scene analysis algorithms are proposed and got lots of attention in recent years. These algorithms make use of reference tags as similarity markers in neighboring locations to improve localization accuracy. However, densely deployed tags induce a new challenge, antenna interference, leading to the poor signal similarity between nearby tags. Nonetheless, there are no refined channel models for explaining the effect of spacing distances between tags on RF signal fluctuations, thus the choice of spacing distances becomes an outstanding issue for scene analysis localization algorithms. In this article, we propose Timing, the Tag Interference ModelING, for analyzing the relationship between signal fluctuations and spacing distances. Unlike inductive coupling in the near field, as the tags are all located at the far field of interacted antenna, we introduce microwave transmission line theory for channel model analysis. The experimental results verify that Timing is well suited to authentic situations. Additionally, we examine the performance of the ${k}$ -nearest neighbor ( ${k}$ -NN) algorithm under various spacing distances. The findings demonstrate that the spacing distance identified by Timing as a stable point achieves better accuracy with scene analysis algorithms. Therefore, Timing could be used as a critical foundation for the choice of spacing distances in future tag deployment applications.


Additive manufacturing or 3D-printing is a revolutionary technique for prototyping and building objects for final use. Since the first registers at ~1890 the improved technology has boosted the applications of such technique, decreasing its market price. The most affordable 3D-print technique is Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM), which is based on a layer-by-layer deposition of a fused polymer on a cooled table. Although FDM has been used by industrials, students and researchers, there are few published protocols dealing with small challenges and daily problems. Here we use a basic object to detail pre- and post-printing steps. This technical note offers the reader tools to model, print and treat the 3D-object. We point out basic challenges, such as positioning the objects on the virtual table of the slicing software, that may lead towards undesirable printed pieces. The protocols described here do not cover the uncountable possibilities of 3D-printing by FDM, but surely help researchers and industrials to start working with it.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30609/JETI.2020-8625


This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of NOAA-21 VIIRS calibration and early on-orbit performance using measurements from its on-board calibrators and lunar observations, and performance comparisons with its predecessors onboard the S-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites.


The invention relates to a gearbox comprising a shift fork (4) that is displaced by an actuator using a shaft (2), whereby a rotational displacement of said shaft is translated into a displacement of the shift fork. To achieve an accurate displacement with minimum installation space, the gate (14) is configured on a sleeve (13) that is connected to the shift fork unit (4) in a rotationally fixed manner, said sleeve acting on the shift fork unit (4) in the direction of the displacement by means of a spring (24) and the shaft (2) runs through the sleeve (13), said shaft comprising a finger (11) that protrudes radially and co-operates with the gate. The shift fork unit (4) forms a housing (8) that surrounds the sleeve (13) and the spring accumulator (24) and that comprises bearing surfaces (34), by means of which the shift fork unit (4) is guided on the shaft (2) in the direction of the displacement.


for what is to come by giving a very concise summary of the key developments pre-1970. The authors offer a very powerful argument for the role of history in the study of information and the information society. First, contemporary scholars have tended to use language that is innately historical when discussing the information society. Vocabularies of changes, origins or emergences have been used, the authors argue, without necessarily giving a valid historical slant. Second, when history has been used in the rhetoric of the information society, it has often been done through polemic to legitimize political and social change or legislation. This needs to be balanced by an informed historical study of the roots and origins of all aspects of the information society. The Early Information Society contributes to this balance. Although the focus of the book is on information management, the authors do a good job of acknowledging the importance of the social aspects to the debate, too often overlooked in favour of technological discussion. On page 14 it is noted that nineteenth-century industrialization was, for example, not just about machinery but was also 'a phase of history marked by an intensification of human "interconnectivity"' in the forms of increasing literacy, advertising, transport and social intercourse. This attitude and approach can be found throughout the book. Information management by this definition is therefore broad enough to include the human information workforce, including education for the information professional and the role of women in information during the first half of the 20th century, discussed in two chapters by Helen Plant. The latter is particularly interesting to read since the role of women in the history and development of the information society has been hitherto neglected by scholars. This chapter introduces some new perspectives as to how women shaped and contributed to the early information years. Other chapters take a different focus. Dave Muddiman explores the history and development of ASLIB (the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux) between 1924 and 1960, and the role of the Great War in changing the relationships between scientific and technical information and the state. It is, perhaps, a shame that only one chapter is really dedicated to the impact, or threat, of warfare (although other chapters allude to it) since the first The Early Information Society. Information Management in Britain before the Computer by Alistair Black, Dave Muddiman and Helen Plant


The effects of the depositing condition in column fractionation of isotactic polypropylene were studied in detail. A good fractionation was accomplished not only in selective but also in nonselective deposition. Furthermore, it was found, in opposition to Kenyon's opinion, that the polymer was not spread uniformly over the support, but deposited onto the support in the state of particles and that fractionation was not successful in the case of large particles. From these facts, the particle size is regarded as an important factor to attain good fractionation of isotactic polypropylene.


In supersymmetric models with R-parity violation, sneutrinos may be produced as channel resonances at {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}} colliders. The authors demonstrate that, for R-parity violating couplings as low as 10{sup {minus}4}, sneutrino resonances may be observed and may be exploited to yield high precision SUSY parameter measurements. The excellent beam energy resolution of muon colliders may also be used to resolve MeV level splitting between CP-even and CP-odd sneutrino mass eigenstates.


This article discusses the sociological analysis of Islamic law on buying and selling vehicles without the complete documents according to Article 68 paragraph 1 of law number 22 of 2009. In this discussion, the authors conducted research because many people buy vehicles without the complete STNK document, which is proof of registration and validation of a vehicle. motorized vehicles based on identity whose ownership has been registered. STNK is issued by SAMSAT, which is a place for issuing or validating services by 3 agencies: the National Police, the Provincial Revenue Service and PT. Raja Service. STNK is the starting point for legal ownership of a motorized vehicle. Therefore, according to the provisions above, what must be met in a used motorcycle transaction should be the same as the first party when buying the motorcycle in a new condition. The documents that must exist and are clear and can be handed over when vehicle transactions are STNK, BPKB and receipts. especially in rural areas where the majority of the population has jobs as oil palm farmers, for oil palm farmers vehicles or motorbikes play an important role in supporting work, especially in transporting crops, this is because the location of community plantations is mostly hilly, this makes people in plantation areas prefer to buy a vehicle without complete documents because it is only used to go to the garden and also the price is relatively cheaper than having to buy a vehicle that has complete documents. Judging from the problems above, there is a big risk lurking in the community because of buying a motorbike without complete documents. Even though not all motorcycles without complete documents are the result of a crime, however, as a buyer, you cannot be sure whether the motorcycle is the legal property of the seller, what if the motorbike is not the legal property of the seller, then what about the buying and selling process? interpreted by the transfer of property rights from the seller to the buyer, whereas in this case the seller cannot be ascertained as the legal owner of the goods being traded, but if we look at it from a fiqh point of view, of course, buying and selling like this is prohibited because one of the legal conditions for buying and selling is that the goods must belong to itself and also by law buying and selling like this is also prohibited because vehicles without the complete documents are considered fraudulent vehicles which of course can lead to criminal sanctions.


Includes a message from the chairman, description of the National Orchestra, conductor profile, Paul Borg's profile, list of orchestra members, biography of Edward Gregson, programme notes, Maurice Ravel biography and Modest Moussorgsky biography. Also includes a ticket stub of Saturday 1 April 2006 at 19:30hrs price Lm16.


This study investigated growth performances of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) tree species in various soil and agro-climatic conditions in Poland. Implementing of research was based on monoculture black locust stands in which it was possible to carry out dendrometric tests allowing us to learn about their volume. These stands were located on marginal soils. In the sample plots selected for the study, the parameters of stands (main and secondary) were determined, such as number and social structure of trees, average tree height, average diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume. The volume was determined with division into trunks and branches and wood thickness classes (0.0–1.0 cm, 1.1–5.0 cm, 5.1–10.0 cm and then every 5 cm). During the research, it was found that sunlight and moisture conditions mainly affect the volume. It has been noticed that the content of nutrients in the soil plays a minor role because black locust grows very well in poorly fertile soils, often subject to erosion processes. Black locust grows well on damp, shaded slopes with northern exposures. In such areas, the stand volume was the highest (353.8 m3×ha−1), exceeding the average volume of the remaining 35-year-old stands on sandy soils by 60%. Along with the increase in the age of stands, the share of trunk wood increased with the wood of branches. The share of wood up to 5.0 cm was small in older stands, at most a dozen or so percent. However, in young stands (4- and 8-year-old), the share of the thickness class up to 5 cm was even 65% of the stand volume. In 35-year-old stands, wood fractions of 15.1–20.0 cm were dominant. In the oldest, 64-year-old stand, over 30 cm thick wood constituted 44% of the stand volume. However, statistical analysis showed, with p = 0.1644, no differences existed between the thickness of the individual thickness classes.


The concept of a tunable surface-plasmon resonance system able to switch between imaging and Kretschmann angular resolved systems by exploiting a tunable optical module is presented. This scheme allows to perform complementary measurements (SPR angular resolve and SPR imaging) on the same setup with no moving parts. Furthermore, this switching capability can be used to calibrate the imaging with the angular resolved measurements, to enhance the quality of the image and SPR curve and to change/optimize the penetration depth of the evanescent wave probe at the interface metal/target.


We have perturbed a simple model of oceanic circulation in a series of sensitivity tests to determine how circulation changes associated with the last glacial maximum could affect observable or potentially observable paleoceanographic parameters. Ultimately, we want to use such paleoceanographic data to construct models of glacial ocean circulation. We have found that the different circulation patterns that we imposed in our sensitivity tests have dramatically different responses for the distribution of PO4, O2, and ∂13C contents of the oceans. They also produce different levels of low-latitude productivity. By comparing the coupled responses of several of these paleoceanographic parameters to the responses from the sensitivity tests it is possible to constrain the possible glacial circulation scenarios to a relatively small number. We give, as one example, a case where intermediate turnover is significantly higher than the present and deep ocean turnover has dropped. In addition, exchange of waters between the intermediate- and high-latitude surface ocean is much lower. The result of this scenario is an atmosphere with 60 ppm lower atmospheric CO2, low latitudes with about 40% higher productivity, and a change in the planktic/benthic ∂13C contrast of about 0.3‰. When we compare our model to other independent paleoceanographic data, we find that the major point of disagreement is in the distribution of surface water ∂13C in the Antarctic region. We believe that somewhat more complex box models which take open system effects into account will resolve this discrepancy.


At present, there are few researches on the detection of steel coil end face defects, and the existing detection methods cannot take into account the accuracy and speed of the problem. An improved Faster-RCNN and improved YOLOv3 detection algorithms are proposed. Since Faster-RCNN loses the underlying information during continuous sampling, it is difficult to detect small defects on the end face of the steel coil. It is proposed to use multi-scale feature fusion to improve the optimization. At the same time, due to the poor performance of the Faster-RCNN backbone network, the detection rate is slow. It is proposed to use A better-performing residual network alternative. In view of the inaccurate positioning of YOLOv3, it is proposed to use GIoU to replace the IoU in the original YOLOv3. Likewise, to further improve the YOLOv3 detection rate, a residual network is used instead of Darknet-53. Experimental analysis shows that the detection rate of the improved Faster-RCNN_R50 reaches 12.47Fps, the original Faster-RCNN is 8.35Fps, an increase of 4.12Fps, the detection accuracy (AP) of Faster-RCNN_R50 reaches 92.1%, and the original Faster-RCNN is 81.2 %, an increase of 10.9%; the improved YOLOv3_R50 detection rate is as high as 22.87Fps, the original YOLOv3 is 19.07Fps, an increase of 3.80Fps, the YOLOv3_R50 detection accuracy rate reaches 89.5%, the original YOLOv3 detection accuracy rate is 68.7%, an increase of 20.8% . The conclusion shows that in the absence of real-time detection requirements, the improved Faster- RCNN_R50 has the highest accuracy, and if there is a real-time detection requirement, the improved YOLOv3_R50 has the fastest speed, while also ensuring a certain detection accuracy.


Summation formulas for basic hypergeometric series are derived which are q-analogues of Minton's [J. Math. Phys., 11 (1970), pp. 1375–1376] and Karlsson's [J. Math. Phys., 12 (1971), pp. 270–271] summation formulas for generalized hypergeometric series, and some interesting limit cases are considered.


The authors have studied possibility of providing electrical conductivity properties to the coating based on powder paints by processing in a planetary ball mill. Changing the duration the mechanical activation as well as the weight fraction of the filler, the properties of powder mixtures were investigated as well as a structure and properties of coatings which functionality is achieved by adding the conductive filler into powder paint and their subsequent joint treatment in planetary ball mill. The main aim of the study is to optimize the structure and properties of composite coatings while keeping initial physical and mechanical properties of powder paint and providing novel functional ones. The methods used in the study. Processing of powder mixtures was carried out by employing planetary ball mill MP 4/0,5 (Technocenter ltd., Rybinsk) with the total frequency of steel bowls rotation of 800 rpm. Carbon black and powder paint in necessary weigh fractions were loaded into the bawls where their joint mechanical activation took place for 20...80 minutes with increment of the treatment time of 10 min. Mechanical activation time influence on powder mixture properties was evaluated by packing density measurement data. The results. During the complex tests it was found that a designed mixture with the weight fraction of carbon black of 12,5 wt. % and the time of the mechanical activation in the planetary ball mill of 40 minutes provides the formation of a coating film with the thickness of 70 mμm having satisfactory functional and protective properties. It is shown that the proposed method of deposition functional coating on the parts of magnesium alloys including adding of conductive filler, powder mixture treatment in the planetary ball mill and electrostatic spraying, may be used to sink static electricity from the spacecraft bodies operating in open space.


Applying viewpoints of logic about Classification,Relation between Conceptions,and Definition,some section issues in National Standard are discussed such as the evolution,the scientificalness,and the shortage of section classification latterly.In result,it is proposed for a logic definition mode of section,and suggest for illustration of section symbols.Thus,all sorts of section definition will be more exact and scientific.It is more convenient and clearer to classify and to illustrate,and easer to draw than ever.


See related articles, p 2115 .

Although the most concerning diagnosis in patients presenting with thunderclap headache (abrupt onset of a severe unusual headache) is nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), only 8% to 12% of neurologically intact patients with thunderclap headache will have SAH; most have benign causes.1 Of those with aneurysmal SAH, 40% to 50% of patients will present neurologically intact. Therefore, diagnostic testing beyond history and physical examination is necessary. The initial test of choice is a noncontrast CT scan of the brain.

Although CT is an excellent test for SAH, its sensitivity is both a function of timing from the onset of the headache as well as severity of the hemorrhage.1 CT sensitivity is extremely high early but rapidly diminishes with time. Clinicians frequently encounter neurologically normal patients with a thunderclap headache and a negative CT scan. Even using third-generation scanners, CT by itself is insufficient to exclude SAH.2 Therefore, guidelines recommend that a lumbar puncture (LP) be performed in these patients whose CT scans are negative or nondiagnostic.3,4 Although LP is a relatively benign test, it adds time, patient discomfort, and, sometimes, diagnostic ambiguity from a traumatic tap.

Prior studies of CT sensitivity do not adequately account for the issue of timing in the earliest hours after the hemorrhage. In this issue of Stroke , Backes et al5 present data suggesting that CT scan is 100% sensitive for SAH if performed within 6 hours of the headache onset and apart from 2 caveats, the authors recommend …


In this paper, we consider a rate control problem in communication networks based on the network utility maximization framework. To accurately model the satisfaction of a user to its service, we propose a new concept of the utility function, which is called a user-level utility junction, considering both transmitting and receiving sessions of a user together. We then formulate an optimization problem for rate control with user-level utility functions and develop a distributed rate control algorithm.


Abstract A spectroelectrochemical technique based on the Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopic (FTIR-RAS) method is described, whereby high resolution in situ vibrational spectra of electrogenerated reaction intermediates (including radicals) and species adsorbed on electrode surfaces are obtained. Theoretical and experimental aspects of the method in a single reflection mode are discussed. Details of the cell design and the optimization of the operational parameters for running the FT-IR spectrometer in the RAS mode are also described. Apart from the potential of this technique to identify adsorbed species through their vibrational spectra, it can also be used to determine the orientation of the adsorbed species on the electrode surface by making use of surface selection rules. Using this technique, it has been possible to record the spectra of molecules adsorbed from aqueous and non aqueous media on metal and carbon electrodes. It has been possible to distinguish the vibrational...


Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage when there is a high risk of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). There is recent interest in the study of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensome as variables associated with the frequency of NSSI in adolescents. Meaning in life (MIL) could be negatively associated with thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensome. To date, no studies have analyzed whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness could be associated with the frequency of NSSI in adolescents. On the other hand, no studies have analyzed the buffering role of MIL in the association between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of NSSI. Aims: a) to test whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are associated with NSSI frequency; b) to test whether MIL moderates the association between thwarted belongingness and NSSI frequency; and c) to test whether MIL moderates the association between perceived burdensomeness and NSSI frequency. Method: The sample consisted of N = 1531 participants between 12 and 18 years old from Spain. The participants filled out the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury, Purpose-In-Life Test-Adolescents Version, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. Moderation analysis were performed. Results: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were positively associated with the frequency of NSSI in Spanish adolescents. MIL was a moderating variable between thwarted belongingness and the frequency of NSSI, and between perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of NSSI. Conclusion: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness could be a risk factor for NSSI and MIL could be a protective factor against NSSI, and adding these variables to current descriptive theories of NSSI in adolescents would allow us to improve the assessment and treatment protocols for adolescents with NSSI.


We consider the problem of acoustic pulse propagation through a layered medium with a reflector at one end. The fluctuations in the medium properties are assumed to be strong, i.e. of finite amplitude, rapid in comparison to the typical wavelength and to have statistical structure. The depth of the reflector is assumed to be large in comparison to the wavelength. In this regime, simple formulae for the reflected pulse and its arrival time at the surface are obtained. The amplitude of the pulse is broadened and attenuated as a result of multiple scattering: the fine-layered structure of the medium can be characterized by a single constant which appears in the formula for the limiting waveform and which measures the size of the fluctuations in the medium. Within the theory, the commonly observed discrepancy between the integrated sonic traveltime and the seismic traveltime can be studied and understood. The theory is a natural extension of the long-wavelength effective medium theory of Backus. The analysis is rigorous and based on the invariant embedding technique.


Exhausted or abandoned underground longwall mining may lead to long-term residual subsidence on surface land, which can cause some problems when the mined-out land is used for construction, land reclamation and ecological reconstruction. Thus, it is important to assess the stability and suitability of the land with a consideration of residual surface subsidence. Assuming a linear monotonic decrease in the annual residual surface subsidence, the limit of the sum of the annual residual subsidence factor, and continuity between surface subsidence in the last year of the weakening period and the residual surface subsidence in the first year, we establish a model to calculate the duration of residual subsidence and the annual residual surface subsidence factor caused by abandoned longwall coal mining. The duration of residual surface subsidence increases with the increase in mining thickness as well as the factor of extreme residual subsidence. The proposed method can quantitatively calculate the annual residual subsidence, the accumulative residual subsidence, and the potential future accumulative residual subsidence. This approach can be used to reasonably evaluate the stability and suitability of old mining subsidence areas and will be beneficial for the design of mining subsidence land reclamation and ecological reconstruction.


A flood classified projection model in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was established with area rainfall forecast and linear regression method.We chose 203 processes whose area rainfall meets the heavy rain condition from five river basins in upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the period from June to August from 1971 to 2009.We also calculated the flood peak flow resulted from the heavy rain with the relevant regression equation and linear equation and contrasted the results with the observed flow increment.The real-time results made using this model were tested comparing with the three flood peak processes of flood season in 2010.The results show that the model has certain ability to predict flood classification in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The predicted flood flow result in Yichang was too large,which is(0.1~0.6)×104 m3.s-1.It has a better ability to predict the magnitude used for flood classification.The accuracy of predicted magnitude in 72 h reached 100%.The flood grades forecast of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was realized with the model.The test result for 2010 showed that the qualified rate was all more than 80% except one day.By using the model the flood grades forecasted is 5 days ahead of the flood peak.


The structures will be protected from seismic damage and wind induced damage, so the response of structures must be reduced significantly. Based on the shape memory effect and the pseudo-elastic characteristics of SMA, the damper devices are developed and it can well resolve the problems that mentioned in some other energy dissipation devices. In this paper, a new self-adaptive damper is brought forward and its control strategy is explained. Application of pseudo-elasticity property of SMA in the control procedure is discussed. The design method and structure of this damper are presented. The install position on muti-freedom structures of this device is discussed, and then a shaking table experiments is conducted for a steel structure model with this SMA self-adaptive damper. The results of experiment indicate the damper not only exhibit significant damping capability, but also has a high self-adaptive ability.


The logical culture of an individual develops in the definite logosphere, and the process of its coming-to-be has, in many respects, spontaneous nature. The logical and operational habits are not realized, as a rule. At present, teachers, as the carriers of logosphere themselves have rather insufficient level of logic culture, and logic as the subject, directed at the development of theoretical thinking, has no appropriate status at school. There has been conducted the experimental teaching the foundations of formal logic on the programs specially developed and the textbooks at various school forms. The pupils of the third form showed the greatest predisposition to this new subject. The appropriate school appliances were successfully approved.


Biomedical graduate students receive intensive training in their scientific area of interest yet need additional skills for successful scientific careers.

AIM
To promote team building, improve collaborations and enhance communication skills.

METHODS
An offsite yearly retreat was organized for the graduate students in our NIH-funded RISE graduate training program. Retreat themes were addressed through short presentations, case studies, live podcasts, webinars, focus groups, role play, and breakout sessions with various team building exercises to practice communication skills, and identify abilities, knowledge, values, and behaviors. Trainees gave short presentations and served as discussion leaders on topics related to the central theme. Expert guest speakers participated in discussion sessions with the trainees. Trainees evaluated the retreats at the end.

RESULTS
A total of 48 trainees, 12 RISE Program faculty and staff, and 26 external speakers from industry, academia, media/journalism, the arts, psychology, and holistic medical fields participated over 9 years. The overall average benefit of the in-person retreats was rated 4.80 on a Likert scale of 1-5 by trainees. Trainees particularly enjoyed the informal interactions with program faculty, staff, and fellow trainees. They appreciated the opportunity to learn soft skills, such as interpersonal communication, conflict resolution and leadership. Two additional retreats conducted virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic were perceived as less beneficial.

CONCLUSIONS
Off-site interactive retreats are a valuable tool for enhancing soft skills and a sense of team identity in a biomedical sciences graduate program, while covering important issues related to scientific careers.


The invention proposes an induction generator (200; 301) having a magnet arrangement (204; 304) for generating a permanent magnetic field, an annular coil (206; 306), a spring element (228; 328) and an air channel (212; 312) penetrated by the permanent magnetic field, wherein said magnet arrangement (204; 304) comprises a first pole section (208; 308), a section pole section (210; 310) and a magnet (214; 314) arranged between said first pole section (208; 308) and said second pole section (210; 310), said coil (206; 306) being connected to said spring element (228; 328) and being arranged in said air channel (212; 312) in such a way that it can move, and the spring element (228; 328) being designed to bring about an oscillation movement (224) of the coil (206; 306) in the air channel (212; 312) transversely to a magnetic flux (222; 322) of the permanent magnetic field within the air channel (212; 312) in response to displacement of the coil (206; 306), characterized in that the air channel (212; 312) has an annular shape and is designed to fully accommodate the annular coil (206; 306).


Certain acceptability contrasts attending pronominal and SELF-anaphor binding are not accounted for by previous theories of Principles A and B. These contrasts are produced by Principle D, which limits the binding domains of antecedents that are nonselected, that is, of antecedents that form arguments of predicates that do not restrict the class of arguments with which these antecedents may acceptably be replaced. Further, assuming that Principle D violations are less unacceptable than Principle B violations and more unacceptable than Principle A violations, Principle D's interactions with Principles A and B account for gradations of unacceptability that cannot be accounted for using the acceptable/unacceptable dichotomy posited in most previous works.


Objective To study the effects of interferon to the biological activities of fibroblasts origined from the exposed bone surface from cleft palate scar in vitro cultural.Methods Making rabbit cleft palate scar models,in vitro culture,observed by MTT assay and flow cytometry,analysis the effects of interferon to the biological activities of fibroblasts origined from the exposed bone surface of cleft palate scar.Data using analysis of variance and q test treatment.Results Compared with the control group,after added interferon,cleft palate fibroblast's growth trends and value-added activity of experimental group was inhibited significantly.Percentage of cells decreased during the S-G2-M stage.Conclusions Interferon on the growth trends and value-added activity of the cleft palate fibroblast has significant inhibitory effect,indicating that cleft palate in the prevention of scar formation of the exposed bone surface has some value.


Dextrins commonly known as sugar chains include 1,4- and 1,6-bonded dextrins, which are obtained by enzymatically decomposing starch, and is indigestible dextrin, which is obtained by decomposing starch by an enzymatic reaction and forming 1,2- or 1,3-bonds by acid catalyst treatment. Herein we investigate the water-soluble micropatterning performance of these indigestible dextrins and the change in physical characteristics depending on the structure. The hydroxyl group of each dextrin was modified with a photosensitive group while maintaining water solubility, resulting in a water-soluble photosensitive material. This material was applied onto a silicon wafer using spin coating, exposed with a mask contact exposure device, and then developed with water to evaluate the sensitivity, etching resistance, and coating film strength. The microfabrication evaluation indicated that the performance was sensitive to the binding mode, and it was found that the indigestible dextrin is functional as a water-soluble micropatterning material. Given that this material does not require an organic solvent or a highly toxic strong alkaline developer, it is effective as a low environmental load patterning material. C-NMR measurement results of various dextrins. Low stress / low temperature curable photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) with excellent reliability during thermal cycle (TC) has been developed for a quite some time. The effect of residual stress concerning PSPI on copper-PSPI inter-connect structure was examined by Finite Element Method (FEM), and it became evident that the crack has tendency to appear at the top corner between copper and PSPI, where highest stress lay during the cooling process of TC test. Low stress PSPI is one of the candidates to reduce residual stress on copper-PSPI inter-connect structure, and indeed, no crack was found after FEM and TC test. Through a series of tests mentioned above, we came to realize that an introduction of soft segment into polyimide backbone of PSPI is the key factor to create a robust low stress PSPI. In addition of creating a robust low stress / low temperature curable PSPI, further research was conducted to improve the copper compatibility of PSPI through grasping the ways of controlling the oxidation of copper. Advanced packaging technology requires low temp. curable and low residual stress material as dielectric layer. Because wafer warpage will be increased with increasing the number of redistribution layers (RDLs) and higher residual stress could induce reliability failure due to cracking and delamination. One method to make residual stress lower is to decrease curing temperature. However, lower warpage by decreasing cure temp. is in a trade-off relation with lower reliability performance due to insufficient imidization ratio of polyimide dielectric layer. To overcome the trade-off relationship, we investigated the effects of number of functional groups and backbone in cross-linker agent. High imidization and low residual stress by curing at 160deg.C have been demonstrated by applying bi-functional cross-linking agent. and T. Sasaki. J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 25 . (2012) 389. 7. M. Ree, C-W. Chu, and M. J. Goldberg J. Appl. Phys., 75 (1994) 1410. The high purity requirements of materials used in semiconductor manufacturing are being pushed to unprecedented levels as demand for reliability in computer processors over increasingly longer lifetimes continues to rise. The production of these high purity chemicals requires new purification methods and technologies where the metal concentrations of low parts per billion (ppb) were effectively reduced to low parts per trillion (ppt). The new approach discussed in this paper would present a method for dividing the fluid through micro-channels that form tortuous pathways. These micro-channels allow for further dividing and converging of the fluid thereby presenting the metal species to the purifying surfaces throughout the porous matrix. The ion exchange capability was a function of the concentration and the presence of the species in the solution. Two ion exchange chemistries of strong acid and chelating were made into these structures and their purification performances were assessed and compared in terms of removal efficiencies. Furthermore, these two chemistries were evaluated in series to demonstrate the overall synergistic purification capabilities.


������������������� *����������������� ������� Prof., Dept. of Built Environment, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Dr. Eng. **��������� ������ Hachioji Municipal Board of Education, M. Eng. ***LLP ����������� ������ LLP Human Environment Design Laboratory, Dr. Eng. ****����������������� ������������ Research Fellow, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Dr. Eng. ������������������������ A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONS THAT CAUSE PREGNANT WOMEN'S UNEASINESS FROM OTHER PEDESTRIANS


Each factor that influences the design of cross section of level terrace,and the relations among them are studied.Meanwhile,the principle and method to resolve the problem of the optimal design of cross section are presented.


In this paper we have extended double Laplace-Sumudu transform for time scales which can be applied to solve partial-integro dynamic equations and partial dynamic equations on time scales.


Because Pangaea comprised a hard, brittle granitic crust, the laws of brittle fracture apply in Its fragmentation. Application of these laws to map Pangaea revealed crucial evidence that ice caps caused it as well as continental shift. Three sound scientific dating methods emerging from the evidence substantiate biblical chronology.


To restore the underexposure image, an illumination compensation inpainting model which employs the joint-diffused partial differential equations (PDEs) is proposed. Firstly, the novel model compensates the illumination effect in multi-scaled underexposure images respectively. Secondly, the information in the fused compensated image is restored by PDEs which diffuse the geometric property and gray information into the target region simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel model can properly restore scratches while compensating the illumination effect in underexposure image, and the joint-diffused PDEs which are employed in it lead to a better performance than the conventional PDE inpainting models.


Preeclampsia is one of the illnesses associated with placental dysfunction and pregnancy-induced hypertension, which appears after the first 20 weeks of pregnancy and is marked by proteinuria and hypertension. It can affect pregnant women and limit fetal growth, resulting in low birth weights, a risk factor for neonatal mortality. Approximately 10% of pregnancies worldwide are affected by hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss the machine learning and deep learning methods for preeclampsia prediction that were published between 2018 and 2022. Many models have been created using a variety of data types, including demographic and clinical data. We determined the techniques that successfully predicted preeclampsia. The methods that were used the most are random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network (ANN). In addition, the prospects and challenges in preeclampsia prediction are discussed to boost the research on artificial intelligence systems, allowing academics and practitioners to improve their methods and advance automated prediction.


The book under review is the first translation of the Sarvatathāgatādhiṣṭhānasattvāvalokanabuddhakṣetrasaṃdarśanavyūha, a Mahāyānasūtra of mainly ritualistic content, preserved in Sanskrit in two Gilgit manuscripts. The translation is based on the edition prepared by the same author. The review deals with both the edition and the translation. It tries to show that especially the translation is rather problematic with regard to many passages and generally in its complete lack of explaining notes. The translation is accompanied by an interpretative essay, which is not conducive to a better understanding of the sūtra.


Repeat formation tester (RFT) data are used for interpreting some reservoir characteristics such as the nature of fluids and permeability for the Bahariya formation by using five wells in the Bed-1 Field in the Western Desert of Egypt. The Schlumberger RFT is an open hole wireline device showing a continuous recording of the pressure leads to construct the pressure gradient. These gradients give information about the fluid density and then the nature of fluids (gas, oil, and water). Also the depths of contacts between water and hydrocarbon products can be located by the abrupt change in the pressure gradients. The permeabilities of Bahariya formation are evaluated qualitatively by the direct interpretation of the pressure curve recorded at each test and quantitatively by the analysis of drawdown pressure data. Moreover, the porosities of reservoir rocks were determined by using the available logs of density and neutron. These porosities were corrected for the effect of shale. Also, the saturation of hydrocarbon is determined and then these values of porosities and saturation of hydrocarbon are presented zonewise to show their vertical variation within the wells.


A method and a mobile satellite terminal apparatus adopting such a method which can shorten the time alignment layer 3 packets in handover is provided. Layer 3 packet sorting time reduction method of the handover, there is provided a method for shortening the handover packet sort time of the mobile router in the home agent of the satellite network is a mobile router that is connected, by a mobile router via a satellite link to the mobile router first transmitting a packet and the second packet; Transmitting a sequence control packet to the mobile router over the satellite link; And via the radio link to the mobile router comprises transmitting the third packet to the mobile router. Sequence control packet is a reference time provided to act quickly and reordering for the second and third packets arriving out of order change to the mobile router. Portable satellite terminals, L3 handover, fast packet sort, the mobile router, packet sequence


Leaves of Chionanthus retusus were found to be damaged by leaf spot disease associated with a fungus in Iksan, Korea. Leaf spots were angular to irregular, vein-limited, scattered, 1–8 mm diameter, brownish-gray to dark brown when dry, with heavy fructification. The pathogen causes premature defoliation of C. retusus plant and was identified as Pseudocercospora chionanthi-retusi based on morphological and molecular-phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using multi-locus DNA sequence data of partial actin (actA), partial translation elongation factor 1-alfa (ef1A), partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and internal transcribed spacer regions. Current study provides detail morphological description of P. chionanthi-retusi on C. retusus in Korea, with supports of phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity test.


Freshmen beginning their undergraduate education enter with various backgrounds and understanding of what college expectations will be. Institutions must properly ease firstyear students into this new transition in their life. One way to help a first-year student transitioning into college is with a first-year orientation program. First-year orientation programs provide unique space for students to adjust well to their institution. Orientation provides time prior to the academic year beginning to allow first-year students to meet their peers, better understand the transition into college, become familiar with campus, feel comfortable with interacting with faculty, staff and administration, and learn more about one's self and others in a large or small group setting. Orientation provides all of these benefits to first-year students because of various available avenues, such as programming opportunities and small group settings with other first-year students. Orientation allows first-year students to better know themselves, their peers, and the campus culture before beginning the academic year. Institutionally, orientation programs highly benefit first-year students and are utilized nationally across various institution types.


For a class of semi-linear elliptic equations with critical Sobolev exponents and boundary conditions, we prove point-wise estimates for blowup solutions and energy estimates. A special case of this class of equations is a locally defined prescribing scalar curvature and mean curvature type equation.


The essential problem in the empirical analysis of the repeated games is to know what strategies are used by the players. We propose a simple algorithm to reconstruct strategies from the observed sequence of play. The algorithm accounts for the possibility of measurement and decision making errors. It stays agnostic about equilibrium restrictions. We apply the algorithm to both experimental and observational data. Using the experimental data, we provide conclusive evidence that players use strategies of memory no more than one period. Using the observational data, we support the hypothesis that Australian gas stations learn to tacitly collude for weekly price cycles using the day of the week as a coordination device.


Michael Jackson's video, Dangerous, moves viewers beyond space and time to a liminal reality that invites the audience to identify with the music, lyrics, images, and persona of Jackson. This offers to ritually transform viewers from interpersonal and societal tensions of the 1990s to a utopian ideology that unites all peoples. Rhetorical analysis is used to uncover themes and patterns that suggest this latent ideology and create a ritual of transformation. This study uncovers the rhetorical movement of the ritual process within the video text. Jackson himself is the liminal bridge offering to move fans from victim to deity status. Ultimately, this ideology transforms Jackson as his persona is constructed, but it fails as it offers temporary solutions to tensions that reflect the status quo.


Patient-Centeredness Communication Strategy for the Medical Tourism Industry
The concept of patient-centeredness in the Malaysian medical tourism certified hospitals is the commonly preached topic amongst providers. However, there is hardly any nationwide research on medical tourism let alone health communication in Malaysia. Studies have shown that provider-patient communication significantly influences the satisfaction level and health outcomes and ultimately the behavioural intentions of the patients. As such, this research was designed to look at the sub-populations of medical tourists in Malaysia and to understand the differences that exist in these subpopulations. The results indicated that there were slight differences amongst the Indonesians and Singaporeans. The Indonesians were more loyal yet vocal as compared to the Singaporeans. On top of that there were more Indonesians that sought treatments in haematology, oncology, endocrinology, cardiology, and neurology. The results also revealed that Indonesians were more likely to rely on friends, agents, and media to gather information about medical tourism industry in Malaysia. More research needs to be done to understand the medical tourists in Malaysia in order for the providers to stay competitive.


In this article, we compare Chinese and western notions of need, by look ing at the theoretical underpinnings of need in western and Chinese moral thought. We do so, first, by outlining a theory of need developed by Doyal and Gough (1984, 1991), second, by examining the notion of autonomy, third, by considering social obligations, and, fourth, by look ing at the social construction of need. We conclude by arguing for a con sideration of a theory of need based upon Confucian principles of con nectedness.


In this study, we propose a procedure in order to compose a painting complying with some basic artistic and aesthetic rules by means of introducing the main theme to the computer with words. An implementation of the approach on a case study is presented. The proposed approach implemented in the current study might be considered to be lacking of spirit due to very restricted rules. In order to overcome this barrier and add a humanistic essence to the output, incorporation of fuzzification and defuzzification procedures at necessary steps are recommended.


Objective To explore the change of Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in artial septal defect(ASD) patients and the relationship among BNP,ET-1 and pulmonary pressure.Methods 105 final diagnosed ASD patients were divide into non-pulmonary hypertension group (nPH group) and pulmonary hypertension group(PH group),and the PH group were divided into two subgroup:slight PH group,moderate and sever PH group.According to the altitude of habitation,105 ASD patients also were divided into 3 groups:< 2 500 m group,2 501-3 500 m group and > 3 500 m group.Plasma BNP were measured by radioimmunity method and ET-1 were measured by ELISA.The data analysis used single factor analysis and Fisher least singnificant difference t test.Results Both the plasma BNP levels (152.34 ± 40.61) pg/ml and ET-1 level (137.69 ± 37.17) pg/ml of the ASD-PH group were significantly higher than those [BNP (126.70 ± 32.27) pg/ml,ET-1 (92.92 ± 32.3) pg/ml] of ASD-nPH group.There were strong difference in plasma BNP levels and ET-1 levels among different degree PH groups(F =6.782,P < 0.05 ; F =8.475,P < 0.05).Statistical difference were also shown in BNP(F =6.846,P < 0.05) and ET-1 (F =9.327,P < 0.05) levels by compared difference altitude groups.The BNP levels are positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r =0.326,P < 0.05),size of defect (r=0.301,P<0.05) and the altitude of habitation (r =0.252,P<0.05).Conclusion Plasma BNPand ET-1 levelsof ASD-PH group significantly higher than those of ASD-nPH group.By the increasing of the altitude and PH degree,the plasma BNP and ET-1 levels are increasing,which suggest that BNP and ET-1 play an important role on the proceeding and development of the PH and hypoxia promoted secretion of BNP and ET-1.

Key words:
Artial septal defect ;  Pulmonary hypertension ;  Anpoxia


Robust synthetic biology applications rely heavily on the design and assembly of DNA parts with specific functionalities based on engineering principles. However, the assembly standards adopted by different communities vary considerably, thus limiting the interoperability of parts, vectors and methods. We hereby introduce the SEVA 3.1 platform consisting of the SEVA 3.1 vectors and the Golden Gate‐based 'SevaBrick Assembly'. This platform enables the convergence of standard processes between the SEVA platform, the BioBricks and the Type IIs‐mediated DNA assemblies to reduce complexity and optimize compatibility between parts and methods. It features a wide library of cloning vectors along with a core set of standard SevaBrick primers that allow multipart assembly and exchange of short functional genetic elements (promoters, RBSs) with minimal cloning and design effort. As proof of concept, we constructed, among others, multiple sfGFP expression vectors under the control of eight RBSs, eight promoters and four origins of replication as well as an inducible four‐gene operon expressing the biosynthetic genes for the black pigment proviolacein. To demonstrate the interoperability of the SEVA 3.1 vectors, all constructs were characterized in both Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli. In summary, the SEVA 3.1 platform optimizes compatibility and modularity of inserts and backbones with a cost‐ and time‐friendly DNA assembly method, substantially expanding the toolbox for successful synthetic biology applications in Gram‐negative bacteria.


The judge-rapporteur shall decide on the admissibility of the Application to intervene by way of order. The other parties shall be given an opportunity to be heard beforehand.


Abstract Rubber has been vulcanized with organo-metallic compounds; this vulcanization has been reversed, then repeated. An interpretation of the experiments is proposed and the bearing on sulfur vulcanization is pointed out.


As wind shear increases, the quasi-two-dimensional structure of flows becomes more significant in the convective boundary layer (CBL), indicating that wind shear plays an essential role in the variation of the field of atmospheric flow. Therefore, sensitive numerical experiments based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) techniques were conducted to comprehensively investigate the effects of wind shear on the spatial variations in the velocity and potential temperature (θ) horizontal fields. Under the constant surface heat flux condition, the main findings are summarized. Firstly, in the CBL, the variances of the streamwise velocity (u), cross-stream velocity (v), and θ enhance as wind shear increases, whereas the variance of vertical velocity (w) is insensitive to wind shear. Secondly, in the CBL, with increasing wind shear, low-wavenumber Power Spectrum Densities (PSDs) of u, v, w, and θ increase significantly, suggesting that the increasing wind shear always enhances the large-scale motions of the atmosphere (i.e., low-wavenumber PSD). Therefore, it is more likely that some mesoscale weather processes will be triggered. Thirdly, generally, in the high-wavenumber range, with increasing wind shear, the PSDs of u, v, and θ increase slightly, whereas the PSD of w decreases slightly. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the role of wind shear in the spatial variations of the horizontal fields of meteorological elements under the same conditions of surface heat flux.


How to reinforce the educational management of college mobile Party members has become an urgent problem that demands immediate solution.The Party construction workers in universities must understand the formation and features of mobile Party members and actively explore new ways and methods of strengthening the educational management of the mobile Party members with a view to reaching them,governing them and managing them and helping them keep the advancedness of Party members.


INTRODUCTION
This paper describes the investigation to confirm an outbreak of hepatitis A, presents the case distribution by person, time and place, formulates a hypothesis concerning the mode of transmission and presents the recommended measures for prevention and control.

METHODS
A descriptive study of a case series and an environmental research were conducted.

RESULTS
An outbreak of hepatitis A was confirmed beginning in March 2009. Forty one (71%) individuals in the town received untreated water in their households. Thermotolerant coliform bacteria were detected in 20/58 (34%) water samples.

CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of contaminated water was the main hypothesis of virus transmission.


* Maps and Figures * Introduction *1. The Information Network and the Outbreak of War *2. Neutrality and Vulnerability *3. Security and Radios *4. At War in Europe *5. In Pursuit of Cables to Asia and the Americas *6. Radio, the Navy and Latin America *7. The Quest for Independence *8. The Illusion of Success * Conclusion * Abbreviations * Primary Sources * Notes * Acknowledgments * Index


While the traditional boulevard novel of Eugène Sue wants to entertain and sell, Umberto Eco's boulevard novel wants to entertain and educate the contemporary reader in Italian history and in a form of modern semiotic theory. However, Eco's educational mission does not transform the low genre of the boulevard novel but remains bound by its limitations of "rhetoric and ideology." Eco's reader is left with a representation of history as pastiche and a populist misconception about the potential of semiotics to relativise the perception of reality. Both history and semiotics are ultimately used by Eco not as heuristic devices but as instruments of seduction directed at a modern middle-class reading public with intellectual aspirations.


Aim To study the method of root canal filling and curative effects in middle and elderly patients.Methods One hundredand twenty-eight molar teeth from99 middle and elderly people who had been diagnosed pulpitis and periapical periodontitis were dividedinto two groups randomly,experiment group: rough root canal use root canal treatment after all root canal had received resinifying thera-py;control group: resinifying therapy.The curative effects were observed in the following ten days-one year.Results The successfulrate in experiment group was 94.29 %.The curative effects were better than that of the control group.Conclusion It is reasonable touse different treatment according to root morphology in middle and elderly molar teeth.


When we approach a literary work, especially a novel, for the first time, we expect the author to reveal through the narrator certain basic aspects of the plot and its structure, either by direct description or by indirect revelation in the body of the work. In any work presented by an overt narrator, the reader has two nieans of forming an impression of the narrator: how he is revealed through his presentation and interpretation of plot-events, and what he tells the reader about himself. Usually the narrator, if a participant in the action, identifies himself, either by naming or by placing himself in the story-context. On occasion the character-narrator attempts to remain anonymous, but unless the narrator is being deliberately obscure, the reader is usually able to deduce early which of the characters is telling the tale. Occasionally an overt narrator who participates in the plot will remain unidentifiable, but in most of these cases the narrator is only incidental to the plot, or claims to be retelling a story previously related by the protagonist, in some cases mentioning that he was present at a certain significant story event (a favorite device of Victorian novelists; see Thackeray, The Newcomes; Eliot, Adam Bede). In any case, the reader can, as a rule, tell very early whether the narrator is a participant in the action or is outside it, and whether the narrator is omniscient or limited in his perceptions. After all, in his discussion of the first-person novel, Romberg says that the first question to be posed must be, "Who is the narrator?" (83). In Italo Calvino's // cavaliere inesistente, on the other hand, the reader is given strong clues that the teller of the tale is a certain type of narrator and then as soon as the reader attempts to identify him, the rules are broken and the reader is forced to reassemble the pieces hastily and to construct a new and different narrator. This throws into confusion many of the reader's early perceptions of the characters in the work, which are based (at least in part) on the assumption, which later turns out to be false, that the narrator has stood in a certain relation to them. The narrator of // cavaliere inesistente remains covert until Chapter 4. Until then, the reader has no sense of an active narrator, much less of one who participates in the action. The story is apparently being told by an omniscient being far removed from the plot. The early chapters show many instances of the narrator's reporting a character's thought or perceptions. This process is well illustrated by Chapter 2 in which the omniscience of the narrator is


Objective:To explore the hysteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps.Methods:Retrospective analysis of diagnosis and treatment by hysteroscopic 126 cases of endometrial polyps,compared with histopathology coincidence rate,and therapeutic effect.Results:120 cases coincidence rate in 126 cases of endometrial polyps by hysteroscopic diagnosis and histopathology were 95.2%,and the other six cases of hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial interest rates,pathology report only proliferative endometrium and interstitial edema.Endoscopic diagnosis to be positioned di rectly after curettage,as the disease increases after treatment with progesterone,pregnancy rate of infertile women was 67.9%(38/56);non-infertility rate was 72.9%(51/70).Conclusion:The hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial polyps with an intuitive,accurate and high accuracy advantages.Curettage with the positioning after endoscopic diagnosis combined with progesterone therapy can achieve good results,especially for infertile patients can minimize the intimal injury,may be an early pregnancy.


The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee has laid out the development strategy of "Five Unified Arrangements", providing proactive financial policy support for the development of Central and Western China. Finance should play a major role in the planning, implementing and adjusting of infrastructure construction, especially in the formation of the industrial structure of Central and Western China. Further efforts should be made to promote the central government's transfer payment system for the central and western areas so as to help upgrade their industrial structure and renovate their key enterprises' production techniques. Meanwhile, other approaches need to be developed in terms of the performance of the state funds and introduction of other investment forms.


Chromatographically and electrophoretically homogenous preparations of αA-chains of α-crystallin actually contain two types of chains. Beside the normal αA-chain, 173 residues in length, a variable proportion of a shortened chain is present, which lacks five residues at the C-terminal end. This chain, referred to as αA1–168, is found in all mammalian species thus far investigated. The two electrophoretic forms of the αA-chain, αA1 and αA2, both exhibit the shortened version. The proportion of shortened αA-chain is very high in early embryonic stages and rapidly declines with increasing age. In older lenses the level of αA1–168 increases from the outer cortex toward the nucleus. It is concluded, on the basis of structural studies, that the αA1–168 chain is derived from the αA-chain by degradation in vivo. The αA1–168 chain probably represents a first stage in the sequential breakdown of ageing α-crystallin.


Objective: To find out the scenario of intestinal parasitic infestation in combatants and their families in the setting of Mid-Western Regional Police Hospital (MWRPH), Nepal. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: All 2005 patients presented with the complaint of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, frequent defecation, blood in stool, or black stool from August 2007 to February 2011 were offered a stool examination. About 10g of fresh stool was collected in a clean, dry bottle. Two slides from each specimen were examined applying light microscope in 10 and 40 uvf at Banke, Nepalgunj hospital laboratory. Result: Among 2005 patients, 928 (46.28%) were infested with either helminths and/or protozoa. 96% were single infestation. The most common infestation was Ascaris lumbricoides (48.06%) and the second was hook worm (18.97%). Most common protozoal infestations were Entamoeba histolytica (12.92%) and Giardia lamblia (9.49%). Helminthic infestations peaked in cool months and protozoal infestations were rather steady throughout the year. Conclusion: Very high parasitic infestation in least developed mid- western Nepal may need urgent public health intervention.


Background: Through classroom preparation and exposure to past papers, textbooks and practice tests students develop expectations about examinations: what will be asked, how it will be asked and how they will be judged. Expectations are also involved in the automatic process of understanding questions. Where a question and a student's expectations do not match, the student may get the answer wrong for the wrong reasons. Purpose: This research investigates the effects of students' expectations in exams and how changes to questions may reduce threats to validity (i.e., help ensure that the assessment really measures what it is claimed to). Sample: The study involved 339 15- to 16‐year-old students from four schools in England. Design and methods: Students sat a science test constructed from adapted versions of past GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examination questions. (GCSEs are UK national qualifications taken by most students at age 16 years.) Four of the test questions were included because students' expectations may adversely influence response behaviours. For some question sub-parts, a manipulated version that might reduce the influence of pre-existing expectations was constructed. Question versions were assembled into different test versions in a fully counterbalanced design. Ten students were subsequently interviewed. Statistical analyses, including Rasch analysis, were used to consider the impact of manipulations on student marks, question difficulty and the extent to which the questions differentiated appropriately between students of different ability. Results: For three of the questions the manipulation resulted in improvements to the mean scores (which were sometimes statistically significant) and Rasch analysis indicated that the manipulated versions were easier than the originals. For two of these questions there were also improvements in the correlation of scores with total test scores, indicating improved validity. Additionally, for one of these questions a problem with lack of discrimination was removed. With the fourth question there was only a small effect suggesting that, in some cases, students' expectations are too strong to be suppressed successfully during an exam. Conclusions: The manipulations of the questions often reduced potential threats to validity relating to students' expectations. The results of this and other research have led to a proposed framework of levels at which students' expectations can affect the examining process: at the level of the subject, the question and the sentence. Ways in which question writers can reduce negative effects of expectations are discussed.


This paper analyses the potential access in Cameroon to primary socio-economic amenities, such as safe water, sanitation and electricity, and the extent to which the provision of these amenities in the context of the 2015 millennium development goals and Cameroon's Vision 2035 policy document for an emerging economy may reduce the suffering of people. A trend analysis was conducted, comparing the expected rates of access to the actual rates, using descriptive and inferential statistics on secondary data derived from the data banks of official sources. It was found that the demand for safe water, sanitation and electricity is largely unsatisfied, and that target rates of access to these socio-economic amenities are unlikely to be achieved by the 2015 deadline of the millennium development goals or by the 2035 deadline of Cameroon's Vision 2035 policy document for an emerging economy, despite the availability of a copious volume of water that is crucial to improving access to these amenities. This paper further shows that average rates of access to safe water, sanitation and electricity differ at first view, but the real difference is only evident between rates of access to water and sanitation on the one hand, and to water and electricity on the other hand, after conducting pairwise post-hoc tests. As this trend of events was found to continue, further investment in the provisioning of safe water, sanitation and electricity services, to achieve an average aggregate rate of access of at least 70% for the three primary socio-economic amenities in Cameroon, is recommended in this paper, in addition to the judicious execution of the vast capital projects initiated by government. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n9p317


A novel method based on the technique of capillary column switching-backflushing was developed for the analysis of aromatics in gasoline. The sample was first separated on an OV-2330 polar pre-column where aromatics were retained after n-C-10 and were back flushed onto a non-polar analytical column. The early eluting components from pre-column and the components of interest (aromatics plus heavier compounds) eluting from analytical column were all directed to the same detector through a 'T' piece, which permits quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline by factor corrected normalization method. The precision of the analyses were within 3 % RSD. The switching time window was +/- 5 seconds and has miner influence on the result of analysis(RSD less than or equal to 4 %).


A critical overview is presented of conventional methods(based oneither organic solvent extraction or distillation or cold pressing method) and new alternatives(including microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) as well as supercritical CO_2(SC-CO_2) extraction and subcritical water extraction(CSWE)),among which CSWE has not been reported in our country yet.The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are reported and compared between new method and conventional method.Special emphasis is given to the use of continuous subcritical water extraction,which emerges as clearly advantageous over conventional techniques and recent techniques by avoiding the use of organic solvents and considerably shortening the extraction time,as well as increasing the efficiency and the quality of essential oil,and so on.It is advanced that MAE will probably be the main technique in the near future for industrial essential oil production.


A technique of nonlinear analysis, the fractal analysis, is recently having its popularity to many researchers working on nonlinear data for which most mathematical models produce intractable solutions. The term "Fractals" is derived from the Latin word fractus, the adjectival form of franger, or "to break". Fractal as a set of fine structure, enough irregularities to be described in traditional geometrical language and fractal dimension greater than its topological dimension. Fractal is a mathematical analysis for characterizing complex, repeating geometrical patterns at various scale
lengths. The analysis is mostly suitable for analyzing data with self-similarity, i.e., data do not depend on time scale. Due to the self-similarity in the heart's electrical conduction mechanism and self-affine
behaviour of heart rate (HR), fractal analysis can be used to analyze HR time series data. Considerable
works have been done to provide a strong foundation on fractal analysis to make it applicable to biological systems. Some studies tried to apply the fractal dimension to quantify of cardiac behaviour. A total of 15 sets of ECG recordings, 3 with normal rhythm, 3 of premature ventricular contraction (PVC), 3 of Bundle Branch Block (BBB) and 3 of a trial premature beat (APB) patients are analyzed. Although these papers present some methods to differentiate among cardiac abnormalities but only for a small segment of data. The aim of this work is to apply different methods to calculate fractal dimension (FD) of instantaneous heart rate (IHR) derived from ECG. The behavioural change of FD will be analyzed with the variation of data length, used method and so on. Based on FD change, we will try to identify and classify different abnormalities present in ECG. The methods will be applied to a large class of long duration data sets and it is hoped that the proposed technique will result in a more general type classification of ECG


This article talks about how economic diversity has been promoted as a way to reach stability and growth, two of the main goals of our society. However, the connection between diversity, diversification and economic performance depends on the differences between diversity and diversification. The following work is a brief review of the most used diversity measures in the economic field. Thanks to the needs of the global market, today diversity management is also an economic interest and recent literature refers mostly to diversity in business and management. It will also be possible to observe that in Italy diversity management is poorly developed.


Manufacturing and Consulting Services, Inc. AD-2000 Interactive Graphics software is used on an Interdata 7/32 computer system. The arrangement of the system is described. Capabilities of the system are illustrated by a number of figures taken from the graphics terminal screen. 21 figures. (RWR)


After the installation of 32 additional RF cavities in the 1997-1998 shutdown LEP was operated at a beam energy of 94.5 GeV. The total integrated luminosity for the year 1998 clearly surpassed its target and reached 198 pb/sup -1/. Vertical beam-beam tuneshifts of more than 0.07 were obtained. The performance did not seem to be beam-beam limited, but the total beam current was limited by power dissipation problems to around 6 mA. A high phase advance optics (102/spl deg/, 90/spl deg/), with a smaller natural emittance, was used for regular operation in 1998. This contributed to the excellent performance of LEP, together with the further reduction of both the horizontal and vertical beta function at the interaction points. No dynamic aperture problems were encountered.


We construct gauge theories of the W∞ algebra and its super-extension, and discuss their relation to earlier results for the gauging of the "classical" contraction to the ${\mathcal W}_\infty$ algebra.


Millions of people worldwide need glasses or contact lenses to see or read properly. We introduce a computational display technology that predistorts the presented content for an observer, so that the target image is perceived without the need for eyewear. By designing optics in concert with prefiltering algorithms, the pro- posed display architecture achieves significantly higher resolution and contrast than prior approaches to vision-correcting image dis- play. We demonstrate that inexpensive light field displays driven by efficient implementations of 4D prefiltering algorithms can produce the desired vision-corrected imagery, even for higher-order aberrations that are difficult to be corrected with glasses. The proposed computational display architecture is evaluated in simulation and with a low-cost prototype device. H.1.2 User/Machine I.3.3 Graph- Picture/Image Generation—Display algorithms;


TRANSYT is a method of modelling traffic behaviour in a network of urban roads and optimising the fixed time settings of the traffic signals. This user guide describes how to prepare data for input to version 6 of the program and how to interpret the results. An example is given.


Alterations of root anatomy have been largely ignored as potential mechanisms for phosphorus-mediated control of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. However, at least three anatomical traits including the proportion of root length with a suberized hypodermis, the distribution of hypodermal passage cells, and the proportion of root volume as intercellu- lar air space may influence the degree of colonization. In the present study, we determined whether these traits could be altered by variation in plant phosphorus (P) status. We grew 15 angiosperm species from 13 families, each at two P avail- abilities, and determined how P status influenced the three root traits. Of the three traits, only the distribution of passage cells was significantly affected by phosphorus status; high P plants possessed a reduced proportion of root length with pas- sage cells. Therefore, in species with passage cells, change in the proportion of root length with passage cells may repre- sent one mechanism for phosphorus-mediated control of mycorrhizal colonization. However, individual species responses to P treatment varied widely, and no single anatomical mechanism appeared to be responsible for the control of mycorrhi- zal colonization in all species.