These two edited collections are indicative of the challenge faced by scholars of queer, gay, and lesbian theatre in the midto late 'noughties – that is, once having identified, historicized, exposed, analyzed, theorized, and (to a large extent) canon ized exemplary practices, it became necessary to offer productive new ways of considering cul tural work that both reflects and influences diverse sexualities. Bernstein's book comprises twenty-one chap ters tak ing the form of interviews, polemics, and auto biog raph ical stories, plus a robust critical edi torial introduction and a foreword by Jill Dolan which sets the tone by candidly discussing her experi ence of theatre as a space for longing and desire. The title of the volume – by far the more successful of the two – is deliberately paradoxical. In its presentation of queer living and theatre as two different practices that intersect in numerous ways, Cast Out demonstrates that while, for many, theatre offered a 'gay haven' (for instance, as 'out' cast members), others found themselves in theatrical cultures that reinforced hegemonic hierarchies (and felt abjectly 'cast out' of them). The latter often led to the creation of radical theatres in which queerness could be explicitly acknowledged and celebrated, as illustrated by Lisa Kron. But not always. Novid Parsi's account of par ticipating in community and high school theatre in East Texas as a 'dark' Iranian teenager is excep tionally moving: 'From all these Texas-white boys' (including one who would eventually become a Hollywood star), he writes, 'I was just a few feet away, a world away. I was in the wing's shadow, and they – lit up, lit upon by every eye that passed them – held the stage.' Cast Out is perhaps best considered as a source book; it offers multivalent perspectives (which occasionally require further contextualization) and trajectories for further research rather than a neat academic argument (indeed, some contribu tors, like Cherríe L. Moraga, are rather scathing about the workings of the academy). As such it should be accessible to general readers, an inspir ation for undergraduates, and a reminder to more experienced queer performance scholars about why theatre mattered to us in the first place. Unfortunately, 'We Will be Citizens' – a title borrowed from a line in Kushner's seminal Angels in America, about which the editor, James Fisher, has written extensively elsewhere – lacks this ambition. Its twelve essays have been chosen to represent a diversity of theatre work that, since the late 1960s, has depicted the experiences and social progress of homosexuals in the United States. Too much of its content has been said before and it often feels as if the authors are trying to reinvent the wheel. There is also an unfor tunate amount of repetition across chapters and, while this is perhaps inevitable in edited collec tions, this material is not sufficiently illuminated through different framings. Still, there are some persuasively argued and informative essays in this volume, including James Wilson's critical positioning of faux-lounge act Kiki and Herb, which had me laughing out loud at his descriptions of their performances; Jordan Schildcrout's analysis of Nicky Silver's plays through the tropes of evil and death; and Manon Van de Water and Annie Giannini's account of recent gay and lesbian theatre for young people. Missing for me is a coherent sense of pur pose, a reason why these acts of creativity should be discussed together beyond their 'gayness', and a fresh approach (such as the one signalled in Cast Out) to understanding why theatre and sexuality make such compelling bedfellows. roberta mock


LiDAR data provides valuable information for various remote sensing applications. For these, one important and challenging problem is ground filtering. This operation separates the bare earth and object data. Researchers proposed several methods to solve this problem. However, the complexity of the data limit the usability of these methods for all terrain types. Besides, the performance obtained in ground filtering should be improved further. In this study, we focus on this problem and propose a novel ground filtering method using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). We tested the proposed method on the standard ISPRS data set and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. We also compared the proposed method with the ones in the literature to show the improvements obtained.


In the present study, the Population structure and genetic diversity of 104 Yucatan black hairless pigs (YBH) and 8 Duroc breeds were BY using an SNP50K chip characterized. The population structure was obtained, as well as the calculation of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minor Allele Frequency (MAF), heterozygosity observed (oH), Relationship (F), Fixation index of individuals within subpopulations (Fis), the t (outcrossing rate or allogamia index) was made, also the association analysis to identify SNP with population differences. The genetic component of Duroc in YBH subpopulations is low, from 0.00363 to 0.03532, thus, it was observed (appreciating) a subpopulation with greater genetic diversity and lower values of F and Fis, as well as higher oH and t. SNPs were identified (p<1.213E-50 to p< 6.4E-20), associated with genes and biological processes. Genes EHF, DST, PDE8A, FOXA1 and VCL are related to epithelial cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and development of epithelium. Other 30 SNPs are related to nutrient metabolism, 23 SNPs to nutrient transport, 11 SNPs to Immunity, 10 SNPs to muscle, skeletal and embryonic, and 7 SNPs to synapses and receptors. YBH is distant from Duroc with different population structure and genetic diversity with different genes that involve important biological processes.


Bibliometric analysis is used to retrieve the related data from the vip database.And the frequency of the Keywords in papers about services of national university library in recent years is analyzed with EXCEL.Finally,the hotspot in this field is summarized.


Experimental and analytical investigations of the vibratory behavior of ring-stiffened truncated-cone shells are described. Vibration tests were conducted on 60 deg conical shells having up to four ring stiffeners and for free-free and clamped-free edge constraints and 9 deg conical shells, for two thicknesses, each with two angle rings and for free-free, free-clamped, and clamped-clamped edge constraints. The analytical method is based on linear thin shell theory, employing the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Discrete rings are represented as composed of one or more segments, each of which is a short truncated-cone shell of uniform thickness. Equations of constraint are used to join a ring and shell along a circumferential line connection. Excellent agreement was obtained for comparisons of experimental and calculated frequencies.


Estuarine flow in Juan de Fuca Strait is highly seasonal in nature and an appreciable along-channel surface pressure gradient is coincident with the peak Fraser River discharge. An upper layer momentum balance requires the vertical eddy viscosity Av to be of the order of 0.02 m2 s−1, slightly larger than implied by conventional empirical formulae and used in current models. Mixing in an estuarine channel and a large vertical eddy viscosity should lead to significant cross-channel flows. This secondary circulation, which may resemble internal Ekman layers and intrusions of water mixed at the sloping sides of the strait, is much less understood than the basic along-channel estuarine exchange. Unfortunately, historical current meter data in Juan de Fuca Strait are of insufficient spatial resolution to show the predicted patterns.


Methane number is the parameter used to quantify knocking tendency of a combustible gas, parameter especially relevant when said gas is used as engines fuel. The present paper proposes a new method to determine on line the methane number of natural gas. The method is based on the measurement of the gas thermal conductivity and the correlation between this parameter and the methane number of natural gas. The developed thermal conductivity microsensor is ascribed to microsystems technology. It integrates two Pt thermoresistors each patterned on a microbridge, defined in turn in the silicon substrate by surface micromachining. Porous silicon is used as sacrificial layer. In the considered methane number range (60-100), a linear output with a sensitivity of 0.95mV/1MN is obtained when a 50mA constant current is applied to the sensing thermoresistor. Furthermore, microdevice is mounted in a gas line rig in order to test it in field. Additional tests are still required but it can be concluded that developed microsensor is a valid alternative to measure in situ the methane number of natural gas.


To prevent unstable operation when driving at a low speed of the ultrasonic motor least two speeds, discloses a technique to prolong the life, compared ultrasonic motor 3 according to this technique during normal driving specifically in the case of driving at a low speed, the ultrasonic motor to prevent unstable operation relatively by driving at a low speed by driving at a relatively high speed at predetermined time intervals, increase the life of.


Steed Webzell discovers how an engine manufacturer, a die maker and a drum motor specialist are benefiting from the latest marking technologies


Analysis of variance, simple correlation, and multiple regression, though ordinarily construed as distinctly different statistical strategies, are demonstrated to be mathematically equivalent, insofar as each method arrives at the same variance accounted for. Conceptually, the three methods are only different procedures to divide the same total variation among a set of observations. As a practical matter, the methods differ in their suitability to analyze data formatted in a particular manner. Underlying these approaches and many of the statistics used in the behavioral sciences is the general linear model, which means that data are organized in a linear fashion. A linear rule is the most parsimonious reduction of complex data but at the same time tends to ignore information not predicted by the rule.


Neural connectivity at the cellular and mesoscopic level appears very specific and is presumed to arise from highly specific developmental mechanisms. However, there are general shared features of connectivity in systems as different as the networks formed by individual neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans or in rat visual cortex and the mesoscopic circuitry of cortical areas in the mouse, macaque, and human brain. In all these systems, connection length distributions have very similar shapes, with an initial large peak and a long flat tail representing the admixture of long-distance connections to mostly short-distance connections. Furthermore, not all potentially possible synapses are formed, and only a fraction of axons (called filling fraction) establish synapses with spatially neighboring neurons. We explored what aspects of these connectivity patterns can be explained simply by random axonal outgrowth. We found that random axonal growth away from the soma can already reproduce the known distance distribution of connections. We also observed that experimentally observed filling fractions can be generated by competition for available space at the target neurons--a model markedly different from previous explanations. These findings may serve as a baseline model for the development of connectivity that can be further refined by more specific mechanisms.


We describe experiments conducted with two deformable mirrors (DMs) at fixed locations in an optical microscope imaging system. In this configuration, the DM shapes are controlled to provide 2.5× zoom capability, to allow dynamic focus control and to compensate for aberrations of the fixed optical components. Zoom is achieved by simultaneously adjusting focal lengths of the two DMs, which are inserted between an infinity-corrected microscope objective and a tube lens. Image quality is measured using contrast modulation, and performance of the system is quantified, demonstrating an improved point spread function in the adaptively compensated system.


As a signal processing method, the least-squares method plays a crucial role in parameter estimation, and great progress has been made in recent decades. However, errors may occur when the parameters to be estimated have some actual physical meaning, e.g., if the human-body temperature is estimated to be 70 °C by a general least-squares method. In this study, we consider solving a particular problem, named ranged least-squares estimation (RLSE), where the parameters are restricted to certain meaningful ranges. By using a theoretical analysis, we prove that the solution of the RLSE problem is unique and can be obtained in finite number of steps when the system matrix has a full column rank. Two programmable algorithms are proposed: a basic algorithm and another with improved efficiency. We also present a numerical experiment of an actual RLSE problem for hydrological parameter estimation, which validates the proposed method.


The invention ivy leaf, and that of the composite herbal extracts consisting of goldthread a composition containing as an active ingredient, specifically, the combined herbal extracts consisting of ivy leaf and goldthread a result of the experiment the inhibitory activity against influenza virus, a strong inhibitory activity a showed, in particular, by checking the indicated existing anti-viral agent and a high virus-inhibitory activity when administered in combination, the composition is useful in the prevention and treatment of a pharmaceutical composition or dietary supplement for the infection by influenza virus.


The present invention provides events such as horse racing and greyhound races, roulette and systems for gaming and gambling for other events, methods, devices, and user interface. According to some embodiments, the system includes a receiver for receiving a first input for one or more events. First input bet may include at least one input for one or more betting types, such as at least two alternatives, and compensation levels, such as two horses in at least one event. Determination device is connectable to the receiver in order to automatically determine the bets in accordance with the first input. Wager determined in proportion to the probability of betting constituting the bet type resulting revenue includes the distribution of stakes between one or more betting types including at least two alternatives. .FIELD 1


Objective The present study explored the impact the lightning strike and the effect of the psychological intervention on the mental health of the students.Methods 49 students of the group affected by lighting strike and the other 49 students of the control group were tested their level of the mental health by MHT and psychological intervention was used on the group affected by lighting strike.Results The level of the mental health was lower for the group affected by lightning strike than the control group.The students of grade 5 were affected much nove seriously than students of grade 7.Conclusion The effect of psychologycal intervention was more significant in the group of grade 5 than in the group grade 7.


As part of its program for developing plentiful domestic resources, the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is investigating methods for recovering metal values from geobrines. Two precipitation techniques were evaluated for recovering selected metal values from Salton Sea KGRA brines. Lime addition precipitates more than 95 pct of the iron, manganese, lead, and zinc, while sulfide addition precipitates more than 90 pct of the lead and zinc and lesser amounts of iron and manganese. A comparison of these techniques and a discussion of the respective advantages and disadvantages are presented.


The karyotypes of the new species Lysimachia qimenensis X.H.Guo,X.P.Zhang et J.W.Shao and its related species,namely L.patungensis Hand.-Mazz.and L.patungensis f. glabrifolia C.M.Hu,were investigated and compared. Three different populations of each species were studied. The results of this study indicated that the karyotype of L.qimenensis X.H. Guo,X.P.Zhang et J.W.Shao is 2n=2x=24=6m+6sm+6st+6t,while that of L.patungensis Hand.-Mazz.and L.patungensis f. glabrifolia C.M.Hu.is 2n=2x=24=6m+4sm+6st+8t;No obvious karyotypical differences were found between different populations of the same species,but remarkable differences were found between the two different taxa. Therefore,with the data from the karyotypes and morphological characters combined,it is reasonable to consider L.qimenensis X.H.Guo,X.P.Zhang et J.W.Shao as a new species,instead of a variety of L.patungensis Hand.-Mazz.


This paper addresses how to use high-order diffusion to restore the wavelet coefficients in the wavelet domain. To avoid image distortion, wavelets with symmetry are used for image decomposition to obtain the wavelet coefficients of each sub-band. Due to the influence of noise, it is particularly important to obtain the wavelet coefficients, which can accurately reflect the image information. According to the characteristics of wavelet threshold shrinkage and the advantages of the high-order variational method in denoising, a wavelet coefficient restoration scheme is proposed. The theoretical basis of our proposed method is established through the analysis of wavelet threshold theory. To keep the original structure of wavelet coefficients unchanged, we introduce the concept of state quantity of wavelet coefficients and obtain the corresponding state quantity of wavelet coefficients using normalization. The denoising wavelet coefficient is obtained by performing a fourth-order anisotropic diffusion of the state quantities. This paper takes image edge feature extraction as the experimental content and image edges are detected by the module of the wavelet coefficients. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is objectively verified from three aspects: denoising effect, edge continuity, and accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain continuous and precise image edges. The algorithm presented in this paper also applies to texture images. Compared with other algorithms, the edges image obtained by this scheme shows advantages in terms of noise removal and edge protection.


Due to our increasing reliance on computer systems, security incidents and their causes are important problems that need to be addressed. The main scope of this paper is to discover the security vulnerabilities on the servers which are connected through networks, for which a new tool is proposed, called AJECT. For some Predefined test classes AJECT tool will automatically generates large number of attacks using the specification of server's communication protocol. While performing these kinds of attacks it monitors the behaviour of the server both from a client perspective and inside the target machine through the network. The potential existence of vulnerability can be conformed by observation of an incorrect behaviour. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, a considerable number of experiments were carried out with several attacks like Special char attack, Assignment attacks, and Query attack. The obtained results show that AJECT can discover several kinds of vulnerabilities, including a previously unknown vulnerability. Keywordsfault injection, attack injection, vulnerability, AJECT, server's, communication protocol.


Unfunded public pension schemes present special challenges for reform, because of the transition costs of moving to a new system. Reforming unsustainable systems must involve some combination of reducing the pension benefits or increasing tax contributions, both of which have intergenerational implications. But these implications have the potential to be shared within families. For example, consider a social security reform that reduces benefits for future retirees but leaves benefits for current retirees unchanged. Even though they will receive different retirement benefits, current and future retirees are linked as families, and the different generations within the family may share the burden of the reform through intergenerational transfers within families.


It is apposite that, in this era of living "covidly" and its far-reaching consequences, when community and family have been at the forefront of many of our concerns, The Journal of Family History offered this reader the opportunity to review a new collection of multi-disciplinary essays focusing on the ways in which women, their families, and their diverse communities navigated trauma, hardship, and competing identities in medieval and early modern Iberia. It is moreover befitting that the volume itself is dedicated to the late Helen Nader whose work and mentorship "has inspired generations of historians of women in premodern Iberia" (n.p.). In a 1992 interview for The Historian, Helen Nader was asked by Roger Adelson if she had any advice for young historians. She responded:


A two-level system diagonally coupled to a heat bath consisting of harmonic oscillators with a proper frequency spectrum producing a Markoffian random perturbation is considered. Assuming relatively weak or fast modulation conditions, we calculate spectra from the system driven by a continuous wave and a pulsed laser of arbitrary strength by applying the physical spectrum proposed by Eberly and Wodkiewicz. The results give the coherent and the incoherent spectra; clarification of how dynamical evolution of these components is influenced by the change of physical parameters is obtained.


Illness Narratives in Nineteenth-Century German Instrumental Music identifies the illness narrative as a distinct genre and shows how composers organized their experience of illness in music. For years the discipline of musicology has investigated plot archetypes or narrative models that underlie structures of musical works, bringing critical theory developed in literature to the study of music. Concurrently, researchers in medicine, psychology, sociology, and anthropology have focused on the phenomenology of illness and the use of narrative models to enable patients to cope with their suffering and the major life adjustments that illness requires. This dissertation brings together literary critical theory, models observed in studies of illness, music history, and musical analysis in a way that has not been explored until now. It demonstrates how several important musical works employ a shared narrative type in nine plot points, as well as images and themes associated with illness narratives. In doing so, it reveals new clues to the expressive substance in Beethoven's String Quartet no. 15 in A minor, op. 132; Schubert's Piano Sonata in B ̄ major, op. posth. (D. 960); Schumann's Symphony no. 2 in C major, op. 61; and Brahms's Clarinet Quintet in B minor, op. 115. Each may be read as an illness narrative extending across a complete fouror five-movement cycle. This study redresses the failure of formalist criticism to recognize expressive content and style. It also demonstrates how a rigorous hermeneutic interpretation can avoid baseless programs that post-Romantic and postmodern writers indulge in. The hermeneutic continuum between formalism and the kind of narrative treatment that devises programs for works without any contextually authentic basis must allow that the expressive content and interpretations of this repertoire derive from a range of approaches, from style convention, through allusion, to outright programmaticism. Finally, because exploration of the interdisciplinary nature of illness narratives has neglected illness narratives in music, the musical case studies herein expand upon substantial work that doctors, clinicians, literary critics, anthropologists, sociologists, writers, and patients have already conducted. This study validates music's and musicology's contribution to this variety of approaches and styles, and within musical hermeneutics itself.


The counterion effect in the gold(I)-catalyzed dearomative condensation of indoles with allenamides is unveiled by means of 1D- and 2D-NMR investigation. The different coordination ability and hydrogen bonding tendency of TFA– and OTf– led to specific interactions with the reaction partners dictating the regiodivergent outcome.


Now a days with increased use of social media, user reviews on any product plays a significant role. The existing opinion mining techniques operate only on single review corpus; it doesn't consider distribution of opinion features across different corpora. A new technique is proposed to extract opinion features from online reviews across two corpora, one a given review corpus and other is contrasting corpus. This discrepancy is evaluated using domain relevance. The first step is to find candidate opinion features in domain review corpus using syntactic dependence rules. This evaluate intrinsic domain relevance scores for each candidate on domain-dependent corpora and extrinsic domain relevance score on domain-independent corpora. A candidate features which are less generic and more domain specific are the final opinion features. This interval thresholding is called as the intrinsic and extrinsic domain relevance.


The paper outlines the key issues to overcome the professional burnout of the subject of labor. These issues are associated with the present stage of the study of the phenomenon: disconnects, diversity, episodic and symptomatic character of the proposed methods and techniques; scarcity of examples of systematic approach to solving the problem. The paper attempts to summarize, available mainly in the domestic psychological theory and practice, approaches to overcome burnout, based on different theoretical and methodological positions. Among these approaches, there are classical approaches to the Russian psychology (systematic, subjective, systems genetics approaches) and with foreign sources of occurrence (existential, resource-based approaches). The article also focuses on the modern methodological approaches of the national psychology metasystem (A. V. Karpov) and the approaches with the eclectic nature (subject-activity, subject-resource approaches). It is shown that approaches to overcoming burnout may be based on theoretical grounds to the definition of the phenomenon of burnout. All this defines the objectives, the direction, the structure, and the psychotechnics to overcome burnout. Special attention in every approach is paid to the development of metacognitive ability of the subject of labor reflection, as well as to the regulatory powers, in particular self-regulation. This article states that self-regulation is systemic and involves various levels of human organization (L. P. Grimak), which also extends the capabilities to overcome the professional burnout.


Energy conversion in photosynthesis is known to proceed via light-induced one-electron-transfer-reactions involving chlorophyll and electron donors and acceptors. Although the chemical identities of all of the components have not as yet been elucidated, considerable evidence has been accumulated which points to quinones (Q) as primary electron acceptors in both green plants and bacterial photosynthesis. Furthermore, it has been established that the initial photoprocess leads to the formation of a chlorophyll cation radical (C./sup +/). The research reported attempted to elucidation of the molecular--electronic mechanism of chlorophyll participation in photosynthesis. Model photoreactions in solution (mainly in alcohols) which lead to quinone reduction and chlorophyll oxidation were investigated. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis have been the major techniques utilized in these studies. The following reactions have been observed: (a) Photoproduction of C./sup +/ in solution in the absence of added electron acceptors, a low quantum yield reaction which proceeds via the lowest excited singlet state and (b) one-electron phototransfer between the chlorophyll lowest triplet state and quinones to yield a radical pair (C./sup +/--Q./sup -/). This may either recombine or separate. The C./sup +/ formed upon separation is unstable and either undergoes reverse electron transfer with Q./sup -/ orreactsmore » with hydroxylic compounds to regenerate chlorophyll. The excess Q./sup -/ species disproportionates. The quenching of the chlorophyll lowest singlet state by quinones does not, however, lead to detectable radical formation. These reactions seem to provide acceptable models for certain aspects of photosynthetic energy conversion, and thus elucidation of their detailed mechanisms should lead to useful insights into the nature of the biological process. (BLM)« less


This paper describes a process that has been successfully implemented in an R&D environment-type group to manage work assignments. The objectives of this process are to: improve product/service quality, promote teamwork, improve communications and facilitate work assignment management.


Influence of temperature on certain biological attributes of an aphidophagous ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, feeding on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), at five different temperatures, viz. 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C was investigated. Its developmental period was shortest (11.7 ± 0.09 days) at 35°C and longest (20.6 > 0.35 days) at 20°C. Developmental rate increased with increase in temperature. Hatching percent, larval survival, adult emergence and growth index were maximum at 30°C and minimum at 20°C. Oviposition period and fecundity were highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C. A positive linear relationship exists between temperature and developmental rate and negative correlation between the duration of immature life stages and temperature. The proportion of developmental period allocated to each immature stage was found to be similar at each temperature regime. Thus, 30°C was found as the most suitable for C. septempunctata amongst the five temperatures tested.


Time-to-event outcomes based data can be modelled using survival regression methods which can predict these outcomes in different censored data applications in diverse fields such as engineering, economics and healthcare. Predictive models are built by inferring from the censored variable in time-to-event data, which differentiates them from other regression methods. Censoring is represented as a binary indicator variable and machine learning methods have been tuned to account for the censored attribute. Active learning from censored data using survival regression methods can make the model query a domain expert for the time-to-event label of the sampled instances. This offers higher advantages in the healthcare domain where a domain expert can interactively refine the model with his feedback. With this motivation, we address this problem by providing an active learning based survival model which uses a novel model discriminative gradient based sampling scheme. We evaluate this framework on electronic health records (EHR), publicly available survival and synthetic censored datasets of varying diversity. Experimental evaluation against state of the art survival regression methods indicates the higher discriminative ability of the proposed approach. We also present the sampling results for the proposed approach in an active learning setting which indicate better learning rates in comparison to other sampling strategies.


Thank you for downloading the origins of science an inquiry into the foundations of western thought. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this the origins of science an inquiry into the foundations of western thought, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


The teachings of the present invention, methods and systems allow mobile device manufacturers to pre-configure the mobile device and any network access to a centralized device directory server operator subscription. Directory server stores a plurality of recording devices, each including a preliminary subscription identifier. Manufacturers of these preliminary subscription identifier individually configure the new mobile device, and the network operator by transmitting a request to the directory server to the user preliminarily registered, the request so that the directory server device records the individual linked to the appropriate credential server address . The mobile device obtains a temporary network access rights by submitting their initial subscription identifier, the identifier is transmitted to the initial subscription server directory for verification. Subsequently, the directory server generates the authentication vector administering temporary network access rights of the mobile device, and returns the appropriate credential server address. The mobile device using the address information to submit request for the secure permanent subscription credentials, and authentication server in response to a valid request relates to the safe return of the permanent subscription credentials.


A system for measuring a metabolic parameter. The system includes an integrated airway adapter capable of monitoring any combination of respiratory flow, O 2 concentration, and concentrations of one or more of CO 2 , N 2 O, and an anesthetic agent in real time, breath by breath. Respiratory flow may be monitored with differential pressure flow meters under diverse inlet conditions through improved sensor configurations which minimize phase lag and dead space within the airway. Molecular oxygen concentration may be monitored by way of luminescence quenching techniques. Infrared absorption techniques may be used to monitor one or more of CO 2 , N 2 O, and anesthetic agents.


This document aims to address the issue of political marketing from the point of view of media as a necessary tool to win electoral contests. The field of study is the midterm elections that took place in Queretaro in 2009 and the electoral reforms that were adopted in mid 2007, which prevent political parties, candidates or third parties, from hiring advertising on radio and television. The hypothesis states that the mean by which political campaigns are disseminated in the state, is decisive in the outcome. Political marketing emerges in societies with democratic systems and its main points to the search function and the preservation of power to get enough votes in order for the candidate to win, reinforcing to convince and persuade people without firm and defined attitude. Currently, the political marketing is developed within the media coverage and political video, so candidates stress more emphasis on the handling of images and the slogan, the proposals that would provide citizens. To choose the appropriate means with campaign objectives, resources, people to whom the message is addressed and the requirements to communicate effectively as the technique and timing should be considered. The persuasive media message is an indispensable feature of democracy since it is the only way to seek support for a political option without the use of force. The results of this study indicate that people consider that the electronic media have considerable influence on the electorate and serve the function of convincing them to vote for a particular candidate, but also believe that the way to use propaganda in the latter processes election has been improperly failing to disseminate political platforms and simply fight each other, resulting in rejection between voters and their distance from the polls.


The realisation of tightly bent PANDA polarisation maintaining fibre with minimal reduction of extinction ratio and throughput power is described for the miniaturisation of polarisation maintaining fibre circuits. After mechanically side-polishing the bare PANDA fibre, bend diameters as small as 1 mm have been achieved that preserve the fibre s extinction ratio ( 35 dB) with minimal loss ( 0.1 dB).


Performance of software routers is limited by the speed of operating system network protocol stack. A faster network protocol stack can be implemented in user space by utilizing parallelization and different optimization techniques. In this work we will demonstrate an efficient implementation of the IP lookup algorithm in user space with multibit trie structures. Afterwards, we will demonstrate the improvements achieved through parallelization based on the receive side scaling mechanism.


Abstract Background: Identifying women with past and present drug abuse is an essential aspect of prenatal care. Case: Despite having typical telltale physical signs of prior subcutaneous drug injections, a 33-year-old pregnant woman who had regular prenatal care visits with multiple obstetric care providers was only identified as a drug abuser after a cesarean section, when her skin scars were identified by one provider as the result of "skin popping" related to injections of illicit drugs before this pregnancy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that obstetricians must become aware of the telltale signs of drug abuse, such as subcutaneous injections (skin popping) with illicit drugs leading to scaring of the arms and other parts of the body.


[Objective]To investigate effect of Na+/H+ channel blockers EIPA and Verapamil injection on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. [Methods]Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (10 rats each group); Group A: normal control; Group B: ischemic reperfusion model; Group C: pretreated the ischemic-reperfusion model with EIPA. Group D: pretreated the ischemic reperfusion model with Verapamil; Group E: pretreated the ischemic reperfusion model with EIPA and Verapamil. All medicines were injected 10 minutes before ischemia from vena caudalis. The ischemic reperfusion model was produced by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein with a clamp for 30 minutes then reperfusing for 2 hours. The hepatic tissues and blood samples were collected 2 hours after reperfusion. Then the XOD, Ca2+, ALT, AST were measured and hepatic tissue were sent for pathological examination. [Results]Compared with Group B, the medicines in Group C, D, E had predominant effect on ischemia reperfusion injury. Compared with Group C, D, the data of Group E had significant difference (P0.05). [Conclusion]EIPA and Verapamil pretreatment could prevent and reduce the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. The protective effect will be more sigificant when combined with EIPA and Verapamil.


We have fabricated simple polymer electrophosphorescent light-emitting devices based on a single emitting layer containing a hole-transporting host polymer, poly(N-vinylcarbazole), and an electron-transporting 1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]phenylene, doped with iridium complexes. We obtained a white light emission, whose Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color coordinates are x=0.33 and y=0.36, by double-doping with phosphorescent materials: 11.8 wt% blue-light-emitting bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2'](picolinate) iridium(III) and 0.2 wt% red-light-emitting bis[2-(2'-benzothienyl)pyridinato-N,C3'](acetylacetonate) iridium(III). At a practical luminance of 100 cd/m2, the external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence and the power luminous efficiency were 4.9% and 2.6 lm/W, respectively. This work demonstrates that high-efficiency white-light-emitting devices can be constructed from polymers and phosphorescent materials by using simple wet fabrication processes.


By appropriate structural modification of known musk odorants, new strong musk odorants have been discovered. Incorporation of supplementary CH3 or CH2 groups into the basic musk skeleton of type G only slightly modifies the global shape of the molecule but leads to densely packed structures of enhanced lipophilicity. For the construction of these highly substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes, new annulation sequences (intramolecular mono- and dialkylations; see Schemes 3,6, and 8) have been developed and, in certain cases, the design of the target molecules was dictated by both structure-activity-relationship and synthetic considerations (e.g.46 and 47, Scheme 6). This work also presents an original solution to an analytical problem: the distinction between a C2- and a Cs-symmetrical aromatic hydrocarbon (viz.71 and 72) by conversion into a [Cr(CO)3arene]complex.


OPTIX: Optical Technologies for the Identification of Explosives is an EU Framework 7 project that aims to develop an instrument capable of detecting and identifying explosives at a stand-off distance of 20 meters, reducing the risk of exposure to the end user. The OPTIX project seeks to make use of three complimentary laser-based optical technologies, Raman spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) for detection and, in combination with chemometric analysis techniques, the identification of explosives. Here we present an overview of the three techniques, highlighting their complimentarity and potential for integration into a single device.


Numerous methods of studying the sensibility of the skin have been reported. Martin (1) described the threshold of faradic break shocks; Ollendorf (2) used hair strokes, pin pricks, heat and pressure with a probe in normal and abnormal skin to determine differences in sensation; Mayr (3) utilized the pressure of a water manometer on normal and syphilitic skin; Hardy and Wolff (4) introduced the thermal radiation method in measurements of pain thresholds; Bishop (5) studied the effects of single and repetitive electrical stimuli on sensory units; Hauk and Neuert (6) employed a pulsating direct current with frequencies up to 300 cycles per second produced by the make-and-break of an inductorium to study pain thresholds. In a recently reported preliminary study (7) the use of high frequency square-wave current for threshold stimulation of the skin was described. The same vacuum tube apparatus was used in these electrode experiments. A description of the circuit and apparatus can be found in the previous report. The apparatus delivers unidirectional pulsating square-wave current with frequency up to 25,000 cycles per second (c.p.s.) and peak voltage up to 250v. The square-wave current is characterized by a flow of direct current between the make and the break followed by a period of inactivity between the break and the next make, after which the cycle is repeated. Frequency is then defined as the number of cycles per second and current interval is the duration of the current measured in fractions of a cycle. Frequency, current interval and voltage are the physical variables to be controlled or measured when using square-wave current. All three variables can be read directly from an oscilloscope, but such apparatus being bulky and expensive, its use was circumvented by installing into the circuit a vacuum tube voltmeter (voltage indicator) and a counting ratemeter (frequency indicator). The following clinical investigation was undertaken in order to continue the study of the cutaneous sensory threshold with high frequency square-wave current. It was specifically desired to investigate, subjectively and objectively, the sensory responses to threshold stimulation using five electrodes of different dimensions, and to determine the dimensions of choice for future experiments. More than 100 patients attending the Grace-New Haven Community Hospital skin clinic were tested for subjective reactions with the use of a point electrode and four other electrodes measuring inch square, 1 inch square, 2 inch square and 4 inch square. The frequencies obtained with the four flat electrodes on 13 unselected cases were recorded (Table 1) for objective analysis.


Nonuniform group divisible designs (GDDs) have been studied by numerous researchers for the past two decades due to their essential role in the constructions for other types of designs. In this paper, we investigate the existence problem of {4} ‐GDDs of type gum1 for g≡0mod6 . First, we determine completely the spectrum of {4} ‐GDDs of types 18um1 and 36um1 . Furthermore, for general cases, we show that for each g≡0mod6 and g≥12 , a {4} ‐GDD of type gum1 exists if and only if u≥4 , m≡0mod3 and 0≤m≤g(u−1)/2 , except possibly for g≡6,42,66,78,102,114,138,174mod180 , g≥42 and (u,m)∈{(7,3g−3),(11,5g−9),(11,5g−6),(11,5g−3),(13,6g−9),(13,6g−3)} .


Objective To study the effect on the oncogenes expression of the human renal cell carcionma (RCC) cells transduced with human IL-2 gene.Methods Recombinant retroviral vector pLNC(IL-2) was constructed and transfected into the packaged cell.The primary RCC cells were infected with confirmed retrovirus and the expression level of rhIL-2 was tested by production in ELISA method.Then,oncogenes expression and IL-2 production in RCC cells was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results The average expression level of rhIL-2 in the supernants was (3908±421)pg/ml.There was low to medium level expression of EGFR,p185erbB-2,c-met and bcl-2 in primary RCC,and expression levels of p185erbB-2 and c-met were decreased in IL-2 transduced primary RCC,while expression levels of EGFR and bcl-2 were not affected.Conclusion Transduction of the IL-2 gene can decrease expression level of p185erbB-2 and c-met in primary RCC,and the study provides basis for RCC gene therapy by IL-2.


The invention provides a novel five-degree-of-freedom robot mechanism which comprises a base, a linear module and a mechanical arm. The linear module is fixedly connected to the base. The linear module comprises a motor, a ball screw, a guide rail and a sliding block. The mechanical arm is mounted on the sliding block, and the mechanical arm can move up and down along the guide rail which is vertically placed. The mechanical arm includes four rotary joints, the axes of the first three joints are parallel to one another, and the axis of the last joint is perpendicular to the axes of the first three joints. Based on an SCARA robot structure, the joint arrangement of the novel five-degree-of-freedom robot mechanism is improved, one degree of freedom is added, and thus the robot can achieve more flexibility. Different tail end tools can be assembled according to needs, the robot mechanism is used for carrying, positioning and assembling objects with low weights or conducting welding work and the like, the applicability is high, and the structure is simple and reliable.


This paper investigates the containment control problem of the multi-agent systems with fixed time-delay under directed network. It is considered that cooperative system have agents with heterogeneous dynamics and stationary leaders. In contrast with LMI approach, we employ Laplace transform and final value theorem to obtain larger bound of maximum allowed time-delay. This paper also proposes a noble reduced-order dynamic method by adding virtual agents in order to use final value theorem. At the end, to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results, some simulation examples are provided.


....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ....................................................................................................................... v List of tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. viii Terminology ................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Healthcare in context ..............................................................................................


The number of arch bridges in continuing use is such that full scale quantitative assessment cannot be undertaken at a rate commensurate with deterioration. Visual inspection by trained artisans is a more frequent process. The MEXE method of assessment is well established throughout the world. Recent studies, and examples, have sown that it may over estimate capacity of some smaller bridges. There are also some difficulties in application where required dimensions are not easy to measure and do not deliver useful discriminatory evidence. Arch builders produced remarkably consistent capacities across the range of structures. A new approach is presented which begins with 19thC rules of thumb. The user is required to estimate the true shape of the arch, the relationship between span, rise and ring thickness and the amount of fill. This leads directly to an indication of capacity for a sound bridge 276 ARCH'07 – 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges nance and even replacement of bridges is in different hands from assessment. Assessing engineers do not learn that some bridges fail at loads much less than their assessments. So, we need an assessment tool that delivers real distinction between sound bridges and those which may break up over time. The sheer number of bridges, though, means that we also need a tool that will allow artisan inspectors to provide a first line view of arch assessment. 2.2 Concepts The established first level assessment tool, MEXE, is actually remarkably complex. It is certainly too complex for artisan use. The version commonly used for railways is also wrong. Not only does the basic analysis underpinning MEXE fail to represent the real behaviour of arches, there are a number of errors introduced during the development of the railway version (Harvey 2006). The most significant of those is the distribution of bogie loads over a length of 2.5m+2h which can only occur when the fill depth is greater than 1m. The primary concept of the new approach is to shift the question from what load will this ring carry to what ring is required to carry this load. A new distribution model has been developed which matches real arch behaviour more closely than the existing so called effective strip.. Using this model, it became clear that the old rules of thumb were remarkably good at delivering bridges with consistent strength. It is therefore possible to create simple charts from which an assessment can quickly made. 2.3 Development Development of the method required a fresh analysis, without which the results would continue to over-estimate the capacity of some bridges. That analysis will be set out in detail elsewhere and in summary below, but the results are relatively simple. Once it became clear that there was a straightforward relationship between strength and geometry, it was possible to create very simple charts for use in the field. 3 ANALYSIS 3.1 Load distribution in arch barrels In the great majority of assessment tools, the arch barrel subjected to patch loads is first reduced to a strip subjected to a load spread across the full width. That this is a poor representation of real behaviour has long been understood, but only recently has an approach to distribution within the barrel been brought forward ref. Through a combination of reviewing test results, exploring behaviour through simple FE analysis and comparison with long established results, it became clear that the arch barrel behaves very much like a wall (Harvey 2002), distributing the thrust in a pattern that relates closely to the Boussinesq result for an elastic field. It is necessary to superimpose on this a modification to take account of the finite width of the bridge. The model, however, remains simple to implement. The results used for the development of this method were delivered through a spreadsheet. 3.2 Load distribution in fill The established model of distribution through fill in railway under line bridges has two independent elements. Transverse distribution is assumed to take place entirely in the fill, producing a rectangular pressure at the extrados of the arch. This, in itself, is clearly wrong. The distribution will certainly have a gentle edge and such an edge is actually easier to deal with computationally. Longitudinally, it is assumed that much distribution takes place within the track system, but it seems likely that the stiff base of the arch reduces the distribution from the track. In any case, a simple Boussinesq model from a single line load delivers very similar distribution to the complex two stage model defined for railways. B. Harvey, K. Ross and Z. Orban 277 3.3 Load paths ignored Throughout arch assessment it is always assumed that the spandrel walls contribute nothing to the capacity. What is more, a first level assessment tool is expected to deliver satisfactory results for bridges which may have many hidden strengthening elements. Of these, perhaps the hardest to detect is a ring which is slightly thicker at the springings than at the crown. Such thickening is rarely expressed in the exposed elevation. Other elements include masonry or concrete backing (flat topped) or haunching above the arch and, indeed, internal spandrel walls with either hollow or filled construction. 3.4 Loads not considered There is some evidence, though not yet in the public domain, that moving loads develop a horizontal pressure wave in the soil which impacts on some arch bridges more than others. No quantitative values are available fir the effect of such a wave so it is impossible to include it in the process. On the other hand, it seems likely to have a more substantial effect on exactly those bridges of modest span and shallow fill which are known to fail at loads lower than the assessed capacity. 3.5 Conservatism Over most of the range of bridges covered, the capacities indicated are believed to be conservative. That is chiefly because bridges are known to have alternative load paths which can be mobilised if necessary. It remains certain that this model, like most others, shows rapidly increasing capacity for very small spans and there is some reason to think that is not the reality.


Background: The introduction of industrial wind turbines into quiet rural environments in Ontario, Canada has resulted in complaints about environmental noise and adverse health effects. Ontario has a process whereby residents can report noise to government. Official government records of Incident Reports/Complaints submitted by residents living near operating wind turbine installations were obtained through a Freedom of Information request. This article presents an evaluation of this process while commenting on the significance of Incident Reports/Complaints. Methods: Government records of Incident Reports/Complaints were analysed. Peer reviewed publications, conference presentations, judicial proceedings, government resources, and other sources were evaluated and considered in context with the topic under discussion. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to present the role and significance of Incident Reports/Complaints and discuss the value of these when assessing outcomes related to the introduction of wind turbines into a quiet rural environment. Results: Government records document 4574 Incident Reports/Complaints received by Ontario's hotline (2006- 2016). There was no ministry response to over 50% of more than 3000 submitted formal complaints (2006-2014). Another 30% were noted as "deferred" response. Only 1% of the reports received a priority response. Provincial Officers noted in summary reports that people were reporting health effects such as: headache, sleep deprivation, annoyance, and ringing or pressure sensation in the head and ears. Health effects were reported many times including those occurring among children. Discussion: In the case of wind power installations, Incident Reports/Complaints are an important source of information for evaluating outcomes of introducing a new noise source into a quiet rural environment and are a form of public health surveillance. These reports can highlight risks to a healthy community living environment, act as an early warning system, and aid in evaluation of government policy initiatives. They may also be used before legal tribunals in public or private actions.


Chlorine is considerably more effective than other oxidizing agents in reducing the felting power of wool. Explanations have previously been advanced in terms of either the chemical or the physical effects of the treatments. The two ap proaches can be linked by considering how the different chemical reactions produce modified cuticle cells which have different water-sorptive capacities and, consequently, are softened to different degrees in water.


In recent years, the production and application of plastic planting tray is subject to more restrictions, many scholars at domestic and abroad are actively to develop biodegradable biomass packaging materials. Based on these analysis and summarization, make use of treated sludge, waste paper fibers and industrial waste wood chips as raw materials, adding other environmental protection additives to prepare a kind of biomass foaming material which has low quality, low density and good mechanical properties. Text result shows that it is feasible to use this method to make environmental material, and its density is 0.43g/cm3, the compressive strength is 10.64MPa.


Incidence of deaths provoked by illnesses of circulative system circulative and the practical one of the physical exercise in the state of the Espirito Santo


The protection of metallic surface is commonly done with zinc phosphate in acid aqueous phosphate solutions containing zinc ions and phosphoric acid, as well in addition of other metallic ions (nickel, chromium, calcium, niobium etc.), in presence of accelerators as nitrate ions, hydroxylamine sulfate, benzotriazole and others. The present article is a study on the surface structure of zinc phosphated layers used as protection against corrosion.


Abstract Optically controlled homogeneous-to-homogeneous alignment of liquid crystal molecules using polarized light is discussed. Applications of this technology and experimental results that support these applications are presented.


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened pre-existing health inequalities. As members of an EU-funded research consortium (SoNAR-Global) tasked with assessing vulnerabilities in five European countries, we explored the impacts of the pandemic on vulnerable populations and identified concrete actions that strengthen resilience. Here, we present our action recommendation development process for populations living in precarious conditions such as refugees, migrants and those living below the poverty line in Munich, Germany. Methods The process began by interviewing 82 people who were likely to face vulnerability mechanisms, followed by interviews with 19 community representatives. Based on this qualitative research data, we defined challenges and resilience factors, and matched these with a list of action recommendations. This list, named "Provision of social support to people living in precarious conditions in times of a pandemic", was considered by a panel with ten experts on migration, health, poverty, social support, and inclusion. Results Through discussion, we eliminated one recommendation and re-defined three others and achieved consensus on six recommendations. They are: 1) work towards eliminating opportunity inequity in education, 2) streamline bureaucratic processes to improve access to care, 3) establish structures that allow for continuing social support even during a pandemic, 4) refrain from isolating socially vulnerable groups through blanket pandemic mitigation measures, 5) Hybrid (online and live) solutions for inclusion, 6) improving healthcare empowerment. Conclusions Through an inclusive process that involved citizens, vulnerable populations, and health- and government experts we identified a set of actions that should be taken now to ensure an equitable and just approach to pandemic preparedness. Our panel identified feasible and achievable goals within those recommended actions. Key messages • Vulnerability mechanisms are multi-layered. Therefore, policies that need to be developed should be based on comprehensive approaches, not selective interventions. • Actions to mitigate vulnerabilities in pandemics must be ambitious in order to prevent further exacerbation of existing issues with potentially catastrophic long-term consequences.


Mobile ground robots require perceiving and understanding their surrounding support surface to move around autonomously and safely. The support surface is commonly estimated based on exteroceptive depth measurements, e.g., from LiDARs. However, the measured depth fails to align with the true support surface in the presence of high grass or other penetrable vegetation. In this work, we present the semantic pointcloud filter (SPF), a convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns to adjust LiDAR measurements to align with the underlying support surface. The SPF is trained in a semi-self-supervised manner and takes as an input a LiDAR pointcloud and RGB image. The network predicts a binary segmentation mask that identifies the specific points requiring adjustment, along with estimating their corresponding depth values. To train the segmentation task, 464 distinct images are manually labeled into rigid and non-rigid terrain. The depth estimation task is trained in a self-supervised manner by utilizing the future footholds of the robot to estimate the support surface based on a Gaussian process. Our method can correctly adjust the support surface prior to interacting with the terrain and is extensively tested on the quadruped robot ANYmal. We show the qualitative benefits of SPF in natural environments for elevation mapping and traversability estimation compared to using raw sensor measurements and existing smoothing methods. Quantitative analysis is performed in various natural environments, and an improvement by 48% RMSE is achieved within a meadow terrain.


The Air Force's premiere aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics test facility is the AEDC Hypervelocity Tunnel 9. This wind tunnel uses a high-pressure and temperature supply of nitrogen to produce long-duration flows a t a wide range of Reynolds numbers at Mach numbers up to 14. It is well known that the fl ow in the Tunnel 9 Mach 14 nozzle is not of optimal quality, with several apparent waves cro ssing through the test section. Presently, the source of these waves is unknown. In collaborat ion with AEDC personnel, we are working to determine the source of the flow non-uniformities using advanced computational fluid dynamics codes. The current assumption in the literature and within the Air Force Test and Evaluation community is that these waves are caused by small imperfections in the nozzle geometry, particularly at the joints between nozzle sections. Furthermore, the effects of vibrational relaxation are also not fully unders tood in the Tunnel 9 facility. Careful CARS measurements in the Tunnel 9 test section cannot detect the presence of vibrational nonequilibrium, while state of the art simulations show that nitrogen vibrational modes freeze at the throat temperature. Therefore, in thi s paper we evaluate whether low levels of water vapor could cause rapid vibrational relaxatio n in the nozzle, and we introduce a novel grid generation approach that may make it possible to more accurately model small irregularities in the as-built Tunnel 9 Mach 14 noz zle. In the longer term, this work will provide a new validated hypersonic nozzle flow simulation tool for future Air Force facility designs and upgrades.


Dr. Jan Goldman is Professor of the Intelligence Studies Program at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. A graduate of the University of Texas with B.A. and B.S. degrees, he holds graduate degrees from Georgetown University and Virginia Tech, and a Master's and Doctorate in Education from George Washington University. He has also taught at the CIA University, the National Intelligence University, and the FBI Academy. Dr. Goldman is the founding Editor of a series of textbooks on intelligence and national security for Rowman and Littlefield Publishing, and the founding Editor of the International Journal of Intelligence Ethics. He is also the compiler and editor of the two volume The Central Intelligence Agency: An Encyclopedia of Covert Operations, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2016) and co-editor of Intelligence and Information Policy for National Security: Key Terms and Concepts (Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).


Morphine is the drug of choice for patients with severe acute or chronic pain, especially those with intractable pain associated with malignant diseases. The drug is metabolised by the liver into morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide. The glucuronides are mainly eliminated via bile and urine.1 Morphine-6 glucuronide binds to opiate receptors and can be detected in the cerebral fluid after systemic administra tion; its analgesic effect is 40 times as potent as that of morphine itself.2 In contrast, morphine-3-glucuronide, which represents the major plasma and urinary metabolite of morphine, antagonises the effect of mor phine and morphine-6-glucuronide.3 According to the World Health Organisation's rec ommendations for treatment of cancer pain, the mor phine dose should be adapted to the individual patient Therefore, if patients complain of an insufficient anal gesic response to standard morphine dosage, they should receive higher doses, which may exceed hundreds of milligrams of morphine hourly.4 In a few adults treated with higher dosages for prolonged peri ods of time, morphine induced hyperalgesia or allody nia develops.5 6 Allodynia has been provoked in Sprague-Dawley rats. These animals are unable to metabolise morphine to morphine-6-glucuronide, and thus morphine-3 glucuronide is the major morphine metabolite. A noticeable inverse relation was observed between the mean degree of analgesia and ratio of plasma morphine-3-glucuronide to morphine.7 Consequendy, a raised morphine-3-glucuronide to morphine-6 glucuronide ratio seems to be responsible for the phe nomenon of hyperalgesia and allodynia. There are only a few reports analysing the ratio of morphine and its metabolites in adult patients and children of various ages.810 Children metabolise morphine differendy from adults, and the morphine-3 glucuronide to morphine ratio, in particular, is dependent on age. In addition, the plasma morphine 3-glucuronide to morphine-6-glucuronide ratio in children is half the ratio in adults.6"8


In this paper we present the design principles and the main features of a new Monte Carlo simulation code for tomography that, through a modular object oriented approach, maintains the efficiency of specialized solutions while incorporating features common to general Monte Carlo particle transport simulation packages such as the presence of a comprehensive geometrical modeling subsystem. The simulation of photon history through a heterogeneous medium is treated as a distinct case of particle transport, rather than a geometrical representation problem, leading to efficient tracing through voxel-based anthropomorphic phantoms. The approach is general and flexible allowing for a mixed voxel and surface based representation of the attenuation distribution (similarly for the activity distribution). Various variance reduction techniques are introduced.


In order to understand how pulp fibres with different properties (e.g. length, diameter, coarseness, etc.) can be fractionated in hydrocyclones, there is a need to understand the hydrodynamic behavior of individual pulp fibres. Measurements of the settling velocity of fibres in fluids of different density and viscosity can be used to give the drag coefficient of fibres as a function of the Reynolds number. Such measurements can yield Reynolds numbers up to about 0.1. In order to achieve the higher fibre Reynolds numbers present in a hydrocyclone, a novel device, called the rotating tank, was constructed to measure the velocity of fibres in water under the influence of a centrifugal field. The tank is a circular cylinder made of plexiglas, 30.5cm in diameter, and 4.45cm high, with its axis vertical. The tank is filled with fluid and is spun at a constant rate until the fluid is in solid body rotation. Fibres or other objects to be tested can be placed in the tank through a hole along the axis of the cylinder, and centrifugal forces cause the fibres to be flung outwards. A fibre inside the rotating tank is subject to a centrifugal force, a drag force, and a pressure force. The radial equation of motion of a fibre in the rotating tank will be exactly the same as during gravitational settling except the gravitational acceleration is replaced by the centrifugal acceleration. Therefore, high Reynolds numbers can be achieved by using a high rotation speed of the tank. Our rotating tank was tested and found to be capable of spinning at 1500 rpm. The tank has been primarily validated by reproducing Stokes' theory for the drag of a sphere. The tank results were in good agreement (4% error) with Stokes' theory. Further validation of the tank was done with copper wires and nylon fibres, which are similar to wood fibres. The results were in good agreement (<15% error) with the results of other researchers


The study establishes tools by which the probability of liquid cargo spills from tankers and tanker-related loading and unloading facilities could be determined. A probability model for predicting the occurrence of cargo spills was developed and quantified using a Bayesian statistical approach. The probability model considers the size, cause, and location characteristics of cargo spills. A cargo spill was considered to be the entrance of any amount of liquid cargo whether intentional or accidental into the marine environment. (Author Modified Abstract)


Cell-based design is the most applied approach in the ASIC market today. This design approach implies re-using pre-customized cell libraries to build more complex digital systems. Therefore the ASIC design efficiency turns to be bounded by the library in use. The use of automatically generated CMOS logic gates in standard cell IC design flow represents an attractive perspective for ASIC design quality improvement. These soft IPs (logic cells generated by software) are the key elements for the novelty libraryfree technology mapping, already proposed in literature and now being adopted by the industry. Library-free technology mapping approach, based on the on-the-fly creation of cells, by software, can provide flexibility to IC designers providing an optimized fit in a particular application. However, such approach represents an IC design flow based on logic cells created on-the-fly by software which have not been previously validated in silicon yet, until the target ASIC is prototyped. In this work, a specific test circuit (testbench) is proposed to validate the full functionality of a set of logic cells, as well as to verify timing and power consumption behaviors, which can be correlated with design timing and power estimations in order to validate the cell data provided by electrical characterization. The proposed architecture for the test circuit is composed by combinational blocks that ensure full logic verification of every library cell. The basic architecture of the test circuit is slightly modified to allow different operating modes which provide distinct data evaluation using SPICE electrical simulations. Since this test circuit brings little silicon overhead to the final design, it can be implemented together with the target ASIC acting as a 'library certification circuit'.


Across different geographical and industrial boundaries, different firms are attempting to implement sustainability in their supply chain in response to pressures from different groups. This article aims at identifying and analyzing influential practices for implementing sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). By determining these practices, top management can focus on them in order to improve the performance of their supply chains. The petrochemical industry was selected because of its role in the Iranian economy and its considerable environmental and social impacts. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique was used as a useful technique to identify interrelations between different sustainable practices. According to the results, set up reduction and pull production system (related to JIT practices) are driving other practices, and these practices have vital role among other practices. There are four practices related to evaluating and collaborating suppliers and other industry peers, which occupy the highest level.


We present first attempts to compare the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) high precision solar mean magnetic field (SMMF) data of four years with the occurrence of CMEs (coronal mass ejections) as recorded by LASCO on board SOHO. The BiSON magnetic measurement technique is given in Chaplin et al. (2003). Particularly interesting results of recent SMMF high-cadence observations have come from studies of correlation between the SMMF determined by MDI and the occurrence of CMEs (Boberg and Lundstedt 2000 and Boberg et al 2002). Two frequency ranges, centered on 13 and 90 minutes, have been identified as possibly correlating with CME occurrence. We have used BiSON SMMF data from two sites to investigate CME related SMMF signals to try to confirm the MDI results. To search methodically through our data set we have developed two correlation techniques suited to short (up to 32 minutes) and long (up to 3 hours) period wavelets, respectively. For short periods we analyzed SMMF data in the vicinity of CMEs, and for long periods we compared SMMF results for days with and without recorded CMEs. In neither period range have we yet clearly identified correlations between SMMF power excesses and CME onsets. For the details of the techniques and the results see Chaplin et al. (2004).


Type 1 diabetics must frequently monitor their blood glucose to avoid hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. In this paper a Kalman filter is developed to estimate blood glucose concentration from noisy continuous subcutaneous sensor signals. The Kalman filter formulation leads to a natural blood glucose predictor that can be used to alarm patients to take corrective action to avoid hypoglycemia.


Biogeotechnology is a recent area of study that deals with the improvement of engineering properties of soils in an eco-friendly and sustainable approach through the use of microorganisms. This paper first, reviewed the concept of bio-mediated soil improvement technique, components involved and the roles they played. Two processes of bio-mediation soil improvement techniques i.e. microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) for producing bio-cement via ureolysis and bio-desaturation for generating specifically biogenic nitrogen gas via denitrification, their mechanisms of occurring and factors influencing them were described in details. An overview study was done on soil liquefaction. Conventional methods employed for mitigations of liquefaction hazards were reviewed and their limitations were drawn. The use of the de-saturation process for mitigation of soil liquefaction was adequately addressed. Mitigation of liquefaction using biological processes, in particular, MICP and/or bio-desaturation were introduced. The findings from the previous works have shown that both the two techniques are capable of improving liquefaction resistance of soils. Most of the results have shown that presence of biogenic nitrogen gas in soils treated with denitrifying bacteria is able to induce partial desaturation in the soil which consequently increases the cyclic shear strength, reduces pore water pressure and changes the soil behaviour from compressive to dilatant. Finally, potentials, challenges, and recommendations for future studies were identified.


The essence of globalisation is the integration of markets worldwide and the deepening of various interdependent relations. Financial globalisation (cross-border capital flows) and financial integration (capital market linkages) are closely related. Countries in the early stages of financial integration have been exposed to significant risks in terms of higher volatility of both output and consumption.


Background: The socio-cognitive model of proactive private adaptation to climate change provides a framework for understanding and predicting individual adaptation intentions and behaviours. The model suggests that factors such as risk perception, perceived adaptive capacity and objective adaptive capacity influence the formation of adaptation intentions. Few studies have explored the process of decision making in adaptation behaviours of commercial fishers, therefore the aim of this study was to explore if the socio-cognitive model is useful in this population.

Methods: Findings from this study come from a collaborative project between James Cook University, the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, the Department of Fisheries and Forestry and the Queensland Seafood Industry Association. A sample of 206 commercial fishers operating on the Queensland East Coast completed the survey. Survey items covered demographic information, questions about adaptation and past challenges, and economic information such as income, costs and debt. From this survey items relevant to the socio-cognitive model of proactive private adaptation to climate change impacts were included in the analysis.

Findings: Results of this study provide support for the use of the socio-cognitive model in predicting adaptation intentions of commercial fishers.

Discussion: Applying a decision making model of adaptation (such as the socio-cognitive model used in this study) to individuals in the commercial fishing industry has implications for policy and intervention development. By developing a better understanding of the psychological variables of the model and how they lead to adaptive or maladaptive responses, researchers and policy makers can better design and implement interventions to increase the uptake of adaptive behaviours and inhibit the performance of maladaptive behaviours.


Chinese students face challenges to perceive English tense-lax vowel contrasts /i/-/I/ and /α/-/ /^/. Although high variability phonetic training (HVPT) can benefit non-native vowel perception in a long term, it is unclear whether it can help Chinese students perceive these vowels in a short term. Furthermore, it is suggested sleep can benefit non-native consonants perception, while whether it is also effective in non-native vowel perception remains unclear. To answer this question, we invited 24 Chinese students as participants. Thirty English vowel pairs were recorded by 10 native speakers as stimuli. A pretest-training-posttest paradigm was adopted. Listeners were trained either in the morning (Day group) or evening (Night group) with the identification task. They were tested pre-training and post-training (0h, 12hs, and 24hs after training) with identification and discrimination tasks. The results show that HVPT was effective for most vowels, while overnight consolidation effect was not found and potential reasons were discussed.


A new extracorporeal bioartificial liver using alginate-entrapped hepatocytes was developed and evaluated for its ability to correct the lack of bilirubin conjugation in the Gunn rat. Hepatocytes were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats by the two-step collagenase perfusion method and then immobilized in Ca++-alginate beads. The ability of immobilized hepatocytes to conjugate bilirubin was investigated in vitro by comparison with hepatocyte monolayer cultures. The bioartificial liver consisted of a cylindric bioreactor containing either alginate beads with hepatocytes (test group) or alginate beads alone (control group). Gunn rats were connected to this bioreactor via an extracorporeal circulation and bile fractions were collected at hourly intervals. Both bilirubin monoconjugales and bilirubin diconjugates were measured in the bile by high pressure liquid chromatography. Hepatocyte viability in alginate beads was determined prior to and at the end of each experiment and found to be unchanged (75%). In the test group, the concentration of bilirubin conjugates increased rapidly, attaining median values of 72.26 pM and 92.59 pM for mono and diconjugated bilirubin respectively, during a 3 h period of extracorporeal circulation. In the control group, the levels of either conjugate did not exceed 0.87 μM throughout the experiments. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0023). These results suggest that the bioartificial liver used in this study represents an effective method for the temporary correction of the Gunn rat's genetic defect. Such a system might be of therapeutic interest in acute liver failure.


Results Osteoclast progenitor cells transduced with T1PrαTACE failed to form tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)positive osteoclasts or exhibit boneresorbing activity following treatment with RANKL. At the messenger RNA level, T1PrαTACE strongly attenuated expression of key osteoclast marker genes that included TRAP, cathepsin K, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OCSTAMP), dendritic cellspecific transmembrane protein (DCSTAMP), osteoclastassociated receptor (OSCAR), and ATPase H+transporting V0 subunit d2 (ATP6V0D2) by blocking autoamplification of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), the osteoclastogenic transcription factor. T1PrαTACE selectively extended p44/42 mitogenactivated protein kinase activation, an action that may have interrupted terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Inhibition studies with broadspectrum hydroxamate inhibitors confirmed that the antiresorptive activity of T1PrαTACE was not reliant on its metalloproteinaseinhibitory activity.


Acoustic wave propagation in piezoelectric crystals with point group 32 symmetry is strongly dependent on the specific crystal orientation. This paper reports an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method using pole figures and in-plane scattering measurements to precisely define the absolute orientation of crystal planes in langatate (LGT). XRD measurements were conducted on Z-cut and plusmn45deg Y-rotated LGT wafers whose absolute orientation had previously been determined by ultrasonic measurements. A large inequality in XRD intensity from certain LGT planes allows {hk middot l} crystal orientations to be distinguished from {hk middot lmacr} orientations. Specific Miller planes useful for LGT crystal alignment and absolute orientation by XRD are reported, along with the measured intensity ratios I{hk middot l}/I{hk middot lmacr}.


In this article, the magnetic properties of nonoriented electrical steel under sinusoidal and distorted excitations are investigated for the whole range of unidirectional mechanical stresses. The distorted flux obtained from the tooth tip of 3 kW induction machine at no-load test was put into the measurement system. The total losses increase for compressive stress both under sinusoidal and distorted excitations. For tensile elastic stresses, the total losses first decrease and then increase in a very similar way for both excitations. In contrast, the difference between total losses under sinusoidal and distorted magnetic fluxes becomes smaller with increase of the plastic strain. This work is a serious step toward complete characterization of the magnetic properties of electrical steel in the teeth area of induction machines. A deeper insight of that problem can improve the design of induction machines and other electromagnetic devices.


Recently, driving of inverters has been advanced to improve the characteristics of motors. Along with that, concerns are raised that inverter surge deteriorates the insulation system of the motor. The problem of insulation deterioration is particularly serious in high-voltage motors where insulation structure is important, and analysis of phenomena of deterioration is strongly desired. We have measured repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV) of an enamel twisted pair sample using a repetitive impulse voltage generator which can arbitrarily change the voltage value, pulse rise time and width, etc. This paper deals with RPDIV of a motorette that can simulate all connections in the motor (phase to phase, turn to turn, phase to ground) and investigates the influence of temperature on RPDIV characteristics. Measurements of RPDIV of the motorette with varnish treatment were also made in the temperature range between room temperature 25°C and 155°C. Experimental results revealed that the RPDIV for the phase to phase and turn to turn connection tends to decrease with increase in temperature. An attempt is made to interpret the temperature dependence of the RPDIV in terms of the temperature dependent pressure change in void defect which may exist in the vanish of the motorette.


The village is a village resident innovative society able to recognize and address as well as the use of advanced technology or new ways to tackle the problem and improve the economy by way of using existing technology around his environment independently. This study aims to develop a model village as a village innovative. The research object in Palembang and the research methods used by kualititif descriptive approach. The results showed an innovative rural development model is needed to approach the competitive advantage of each in every village in Palembang. Poverty is difficult to remove, but with the advantages of each mengedapankan each household expected by society to be independent. Innovative village in Palembang developed in villages with the highest poverty levels the District Seberang Ulu I model with the involvement of all relevant elements between the government, employers and society.


In this paper we survey five streams of research that have made important contributions to population projection methodology over the last decade. These are: (i) the evaluation of population forecasts; (ii) probabilistic methods; (iii) experiments in the projection of migration; (iv) projecting dimensions additional to age, sex and region; and (v) the use of scenarios for 'what if?' analyses and understanding population dynamics. Key developments in these areas are discussed, and a number of opportunities for further research are identified. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Think back to teacher x whose primary approach to teaching science vocabulary was to list thirty words on the board and have the class "look them up" in the dictionary. Recall, too, how you and your partner divided the list in half and proceeded to write down the first, or the shortest, definition available. Whether it fit the context in which the word would appear was unimportant. Like most middle level age students, the main concern was to get the assignment finished. Unfortunately, teacher x was probably taught using a similar method more evidence that poor teaching methods tend to perpetuate themselves. Such methods do little to give students a conceptual understanding of subject matter vocabulary. Any good teacher is aware that students who know the vocabulary of a course tend to understand the content of the subject matter as well. In fact, as early as 1944, Davis found that word knowledge is the most potent contributor to overall comprehension. More recent research also supports this finding (Hayes and Tierney, 1982). Along with word knowledge, prior knowledge and experiences in general have also been proven essential to the comprehension process (Spiro, 1977; Rumelhart and Ortony, 1977). In essence, vocabulary is a means for labeling these experiences stored in our minds. According to Johnston and Pearson (1982), prior knowledge, including an understanding of the significant vocabulary in a lesson, is the best predictor of comprehension more powerful than measures of reading ability or achievement.


. The Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) is typical species of agricultural landscapes, where the food supply is significantly limited. The nestling diet composition and its foraging ecology are little known in the entire range. Therefore, we studied the composition of the nestlings' food and some aspects of its foraging ecology by photos from the shelter, in a population on abandoned agricultural land (17 ha) in Western Slovakia near Piešťany town (48,55098° N, 17,805612° E, 150 m asl.) in April–July 2017–2022. Analyzing 177 photos/feedings of young (1–12 days old) by a male and a female in 9 nests, was found a total of 361 prey items (2.7% of them unidentified). The food consisted of invertebrates from 12 orders, 33 families, and approximately 86 species. Spiders (Araneida, 19.4%), crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera, 18.6%), and moths (Lepidoptera) and dipterans (Diptera) with the same proportion 15.2%, belonged to the eudominant prey groups. Among the dominant and frequent species were, e. g., the aposematically coloured spider Argiope bruenichii , the mayfly Ephemera danica , the bush-crickets Leptophyes albovittata , Bicolorana bicolor , from other taxa there were significantly represented Noctuidae and Geometridae caterpillars, cicadas (Cicadellidae) and flies from the suborder Nematocera. The prey body length varied between 2 mm (snail Vallonia pulchella ) and 50 mm (dragonfly of the genus Sympetrum ) (average 17.1±8.6 mm, n = 361), i.e. it was on average longer than the average bill length (11–12 mm). Parents brought 1–10 prey items per feeding (mean = 2.0±1.5 items/ feeding, ca. 50% >1 object/ feeding, n = 177), the species thus belongs to the group of the "multiple prey loaders". The size of foraging territories and the role of the parents in chick feeding was studied in one nest in 2022.


At the October 2019 DEIS AdCom meeting, new members were elected to the Executive Committee. We congratulate and welcome Paul Gaberson as President of DEIS; Brian Stewart as Vice President Administrative; and Davide Fabiani as Vice President Technical. In the September/October issue of the magazine, we published a Call for Nominations for the 2020 Thomas W Dakin Distinguished Technical Contributions Award. In the list of past recipients of this award, we inadvertently misspelled the name of the 2016 award winner, Abderrahmane Beroual. Our apologies to Mr. Beroual. At the October 2019 CEIDP, Dr. Erling Ildstad presented his Whitehead Memorial Lecture on the topic of "Challenging Defects of High Voltage Insulation Systems". The Editors believe that this paper would be of interest to a broader audience of DEIS members and are pleased to present an author-modified reprint in this issue of the magazine. The present issue of the Magazine is again dedicated to insulation of high voltage cables. We start with an editorial written by Marc Jeroense of MJ MarCable Consulting who analyzes trends and driving forces on the power cable market. The first feature article in this issue is on "Material Progress Toward Recyclable Insulation of Power Cables Part 2: Polypropylene-Based Thermoplastic Materials", jointly authored by Xingyi Huang, Jun Zhang and Pingkai Jiang of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China together with Toshikatsu Tanaka of Waseda University in Japan. This is the second of the authors' two articles focusing on materials for recyclable power cable insulation. The first article reviewed the progress in the development of polyethylene (PE) based thermoplastic materials, use of which suffers from deficient thermomechanical property. Polypropylene (PP) based thermoplastic insulation has, therefore, attracted tremendous interest because of its high temperature stability and excellent recyclability. This article provides a comprehensive review on the recent development of PP based thermoplastic insulation. It first discusses the relationship between supramolecular structure and electrical properties of PP. Then the authors review the progress on the material development, including syndiotactic PP, copolymerization, chemical modification, multi-phase blending, and addition of additives and nanoparticles. For each of the approaches the resulting structureproperty relationship is discussed. The authors argue that improving the flexibility and low temperature resistance while preserving the excellent electrical and thermomechanical properties of PP based thermoplastics is an important task for future development. Although significant progress has already been made, the authors emphasize that many issues, including for example resistance to water treeing and creepage at high temperatures of PP based thermoplastic insulation, have not yet been fully understood. The second article, entitled "Modeling for Life Estimation of HVDC Cable Insulation Based on Small-Size Specimens", is authored by a team of researchers representing academic and industrial institutions from China and the UK. These are Zhou Zuo and Chenguo Yao of Chongqing University in China, Len Dissado and Stephen Dodd of University of Leicester and Nikola Chalashkanov of University of Lincoln in the UK, as well as Yanfeng Gao of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Research Institute in China. The article proposes a novel concept of numerical modeling for life estimation of large-size samples of cable insulation. The material inhomogeneity is allowed for by orthogonally discretizing the material into elemental bonds, which are regarded as possessing local values of generic parameters that control electrical ageing. The elemental-bond input parameter values are determined from experiments of small-size specimens, whose sampleto-sample variation is taken to reflect the morphological and chemical variability existing throughout large scale materials. By repeating simulations of the model with different selections of local parameters, the lifetime distribution of 15 mm thick samples of XLPE has been calculated. The incorporation of various defects into the ageing simulations has also been carried out and their influence upon ageing determined. It was found that the various distributions of local morphological features affect the insulation life, which is also influenced by the sizes of protrusions and concentrations of impurities. The associated failure statistics have been fitted to the Weibull distribution and showed systematic changes in the shape factor with decreasing electric field, the variability of local morphology and, the presence of defects, consistent with experiment. The adaption of the model for estimation of the lifetime distribution of full-size cable at service conditions has been outlined. This method is expected to be able to predict the lifetime of insulation systems under a range of conditions and thus has the potential to become an ancillary tool for design, evaluation, and diagnosis of full-size insulating systems and their manufacturing quality. Stan Gubanski and Resi Zarb


Objective To investigate whether high frequency sinusoidal vibration (HFV) influences c-fos immunoreactivity in the spinal cord after an exposure of simulated weightlessness and to study the mechanism of alteration in neuronal activity of the spindle cord in muscle spindle afferent pathways.Methods Thirty Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to 14-day tailsuspension group,14-day tail suspension plus HFV group and control group.Each group had 10 rats.Weightlessness was simulated by tail suspension of rats.The changes in the c-fos expression of spinal cord was detected by using immunohistochemistry technique. Results The results showed that c-fos immunoreactive neurons in control group were mainly concentrated in lamina Ⅳ-Ⅶ of the ipsilateral spinal cord.By 14 days of tail-suspension,both the total number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons and the pattern of their lamellar distribution showed significant change. The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in lamina Ⅳ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ and the total number of labeled neurons in lamina Ⅳ-Ⅶ were significantly increased when compared with those of control rats (P<0.05).However,after 14-day tail-suspension plus HFV,the total number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons and the pattern of their lamellar distribution did not show substantial changes as compared with those of the control group (P>0.05).The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in lamina Ⅳ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ and the total number of labeled neurons were significantly decreased when compared with those of tail-suspension rats (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings show that HFV plays an obvious resistant role against the increase of c fos expression of spinal cord under the condition of simulated weightlessness.It is suggested that the significant increase in neuronal excitation of the spinal cord in muscle spindle afferent pathways under the condition of simulated weightlessness is closely related to the decrease in the afferent message from muscle spindles.

Key words:
Weightlessness simulation;  Spinal cord;  Muscle spindles;  Genes;  Immunohistochemistry


power of the Self-Exciting Mode Oscillating Flow (SEMOS) Heat Pipe. The enhanced heat transfer performance of a non-uniform cross-section closed loop SEMOS HP is tested and compared with the uniform profile SEMOS HP under same heating conditions. As a result, the heat transfer rate of the SEMOS Heat Pipe with a non-uniform profile could be increased under certain conditions, which forms the basis for future research and development of new SEMOS Heat Pipes.


A recipe controls the parameter setting on each process step. Process integration engineer need a pre-defined a recipe in the manufacturing execution system (MES). However, it is not true that he/she can decide a proper recipe in advance. We propose two recipe control mechanisms to optimize the recipe according to the run-time information automatically. The first mechanism is called compliance recipe. A specification manager does not have to define the actual recipe of a process monitor lot. The second mechanism is an embedded recipe conversion tag. It is a powerful mechanism to decide the best recipe by run-time information.