Background and objectives: Enterotoxigenic Esherichia coli (ETEC), rotavirus, Coronavirus,and Creptosporidium are the four major pathogens associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. The importance of ETEC as a major cause of diarrhea was recognized in the late 60's. Two virulence attributes that characterize ETEC are the colonization of the small intestine surface and the production of enterotoxins that induce a net secretion of electrolytes and water into the gut lumen. Virulence factors include heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins. The most commonly fimbriae are K99 (F5) and F41. In this study we investigated the prevalence of virulence factors associated with the pathogenicity of E.coli K99 (LT, STa, STb, F41) by PCR and compared different methods of protein pattern (Bead, Urea, Glass powder) by SDS- PAGE

Material & methods: Escherichia coli strains of calf origin were isolated and purified. The virulence genes were detected by PCR and SDS-PAGE was done comparison the protein profile.

Results: Of 300 faecal samples, 120 E.coli strains were isolated and identified. Genotypes of 120 strains were verified by PCR. All of the strains of E.coli K99 were positive for F5, F41, STa but the E. strains were negative for LT. Electrophoretic protein patterns of isolates was found that each of bacterial contained over 20 polypeptide bands, the majority of protein bands were located in the gel between 50-90 KDa.

Conclusion: From the 300 samples, we found 200 ETEC and 120 of ETEC were K99 by the slide agglutination test. PCR detected Virulence factors of E. coli K99, F41 and STa. in the protein profiles of the isolates were ranging from 40 -100 KDa molecular weight. For the first time in Iran we compared protein patterns of strains by bead, urea and glass powder. The results of this study were for glass powder more considerable.


A number of recent works have addressed the problem of characterizing the sum-capacity of the multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channels (MIMOBC). However, the issue of the fairness remains an open problem. This article aims at finding a point on the sum-capacity hyperplane which satisfies a notion of fairness among active users. To facilitate the derivation of the results, we focus on a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and their convex hull. It is shown that this region is a Polymatroid. The properties of polymatroids are exploited to locate a rate-vector on the sum-capacity hyperplane which is optimally fair. This means the minimum rate among all users is maximized (max-min rate). In the case that more than one user attain the max-min value, the algorithm recursively maximizes the minimum rate among the rest of the users. It is shown that the problem of deriving the time-sharing coefficients to attain this point can be decomposed to some lower-dimensional problems. In some cases, the complexity of computing and implementing an appropriate time-sharing strategy is not feasible. This motivates us to compute the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized (max-min corner point). A simple greedy algorithm is introduced to find the max-min corner point.


Photocrosslinking experiments were performed on elastomeric polymer films (EPDM) that contained benzoin derivatives as photosensitive initiators. Infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy investigations were used in conjunction with physical property measurements. The results all together make it possible to discuss the crosslinking mechanism and pose interesting questions about the reactivity of benzoin derivatives in their excited states in relation to their efficiency in the crosslinking process.


Higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air is a major environmental challenge and requires immediate attention for quicker mitigation. In that respect, the novel idea of CO2 sequestration in geological settings is worth examining from a quantitative perspective. In the present study, numerical simulation of CO2 injection into a porous reservoir is performed. The selected reservoir presents suitable thermodynamic conditions for CO2 hydrate formation. Unsteady simulations are carried out in one space dimension under isothermal and non-isothermal frameworks. An additional simulation of CO2 injection in a depleted methane hydrate reservoir is also reported. In the present study, the response of the reservoir to storage of CO2 is analyzed with respect to four parameters – reservoir porosity, initial water saturation and reservoir temperature and injection pressure. Quantities of interest are hydrate formation patterns and the cumulative CO2 mass sequestration in the reservoir as a function of time. Numerical experiments show that the initial water saturation is an important parameter as it affects both CO2 gas migration and hydrate formation. Isothermal simulation yields results that are similar to the non-isothermal model, thus suggesting that the isothermal assumption may be adopted for future CO2 injection studies. Hydrate formation rate of CO2 near the injection well is found to be one order of magnitude higher than the interior but its magnitude is quite small when compared to water and gas saturations. Higher injection pressure leads to a continuous increase in injected mass of CO2 primarily due to increased gas density, though an increase in hydrate formation near the injection well is also observed. Lower reservoir temperature supports a higher amount of hydrate formation from the injected mass of CO2 and is clearly desirable.


Whether silence or speech should obtain at the present time, whether during war all constructive action for the future welfare should cease, is a question long since answered. It is a notable fact that during the horrors of the Thirty Years' War, Grotius wrote his treatise on the Rights of War and Peace, which was the first systematic statement of the principles of the law which should regulate the conduct of nations in their mutual intercourse. This work, as pointed out by the Ayrcerican Journal of International Law, &dquo;convinced statesmen, bound nations, and molded the thought of future generations, substituting as it did a rule of conduct based upon right reason for mere force.&dquo; Today, as we witness the intolerable consequences of violated standards, we stake our only hope


A semiconductor chip having a plurality of electrode terminals (16, 18) is provided (12), a sheet-like substrate (20), the electrode terminals (16, 18 of the semiconductor chip (12) on one surface with at least membranous capacitor chip connection terminals arranged in correspondence with) (36a, 36b) and the sheet-like substrate (20) film-like one electrode terminal of the capacitor (28c) ground arranged corresponding to the terminal (36c) and the other of surface to the chip connection terminals (36a, 36b) and connected to a ground terminal (36c), and has a configuration in which a mounting substrate having an external connection terminal for mounting on an external substrate (32).


The finite-ovder solutions of the homogenous linear differential equation f(k)+ak-1(z)f(k-1)+…+a1(z)f′+a0(z)f=0,(k∈N),were investigated,where the coeffiences were set to be analytic in the unit disc Δ={z:|z|1}.It extended the result of D.Benbourenane and L.R.Sons,and obtained an upper bound of the order of the solutions by making use of the estimation from J.Heittokangas,R.Korhonen and J.Rtty,which in part improved the result of Z.X.Chen and K.H.Shon.


We measured the repetition frequency dependence of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of twisted-pair test samples with different specifications under repetitive surge voltages with different waveforms. We also extended the PDIV estimation method with Volume-Time theory under single shot of surge voltage to that under repetitive surge voltage, in consideration of the effect of the repetition frequency on the initial electrons generation probability. The estimated and measured PDIV agreed well under repetitive surge voltage.


This conference dealt with a variety of subjects of interest to industrial users of coal. The eleven papers covered fluidized bed combustion of coal and solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes; coal purchasing and specifications; industrial fuel substitution of coal; combined-cycle power plants; corrosion protection of heat exchangers; operating costs of coal-fired systems; technical services available for boiler maintenance; training of personnel to work with coal and coal systems; refuse-fueled power plants firing coal and municipal wastes; chemical feedstock production using coal gasification; and waste product utilization of tailings from coal preparation plants. All the papers were abstracted separately. 79 references, 56 figures, 34 tables. (CKK)


It has been postulated that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To directly test whether an inflammatory stimulus can accelerate amyloid deposition in vivo, we chronically administered the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to 2‐month‐old APPV717F+/+ transgenic (TG) mice, which overexpress a mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP 717V‐F) with or without apolipoprotein E (apoE) for 2 weeks. Two weeks following central LPS administration a striking global reactive astrocytosis with increased GFAP immunoreactivity was found throughout the brains of all LPS‐treated wild‐type and transgenic mice including the contralateral brain hemisphere. Localized microglial activation was also evident from lectin immunostaining adjacent to the cannula track of LPS‐treated mice. Quantification of thioflavine‐S‐positive Aβ deposits revealed a marked acceleration of amyloid deposition in LPS‐treated APPV717F+/+–apoE+/+ mice compared to nontreated or vehicle‐treated APPV717F+/+–apoE+/+ mice (P = 0.005). By contrast, no amyloid deposits were detected by thioflavine‐S staining in LPS or vehicle‐treated apoE‐deficient APPV717F TG mice. Our data suggest that neuroinflammation can accelerate amyloid deposition in the APPV717F+/+ mouse model of AD and that this process requires the expression of apoE.


The article describes the ways to cost optimization of anemia treatment CKD - HD patients.
Aims. dinical and economic analysis treatment of Anemia CKD VHD PTS with using long action Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA).
Methods. We calculated the true cost of anemia therapy with darbepoetin alfa compared to the methoxypolyethyleneglycol - epoetin beta.
Results. It was established that average cost of therapy with methoxypolyethyleneglycol - epoetin beta was lower than darbepoetin alfa provided declared, wholesale or retail prices of25 - 60%.
Conclusions. The methoxypolyethyleneglycol - epoetin beta haspharmacoeconomics advantages in comparison with the darbepoetin alfa in treatment of anemia CKD V HD patients.


Saponin‐rich extracts of Medicago sativa L. have been shown to display antifungal activity against a range of common fungibut only a few individual saponins have been tested against dermatophytes. Total saponins were separately obtained from roots and aerial parts of Medicago sativa, M. murex, M. arabica and M. hybrida. Nineteen saponins and three parent triterpenoids, were tested against three dermatophytic fungi Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton interdigitale and T. tonsurans using mircowell plate serial dilution assay to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Miconazole was used as a positive control.


Practice studying, interviewing of inspectors show, that a principal cause of the termination of criminal cases about road and transport crimes and infringements of terms of investigation was poor quality of survey of a scene. Investigatory survey is one of the most important and during too time difficult in execution of ways of collecting of proofs on affairs about road and transport crimes.


Design of pure rolling line gear mechanisms for an arbitrary angle intersecting shafts was presented in this article. Based on the active design method of meshing line function for orthogonal shafts, three meshing types of conjugated tooth surfaces for an arbitrary angle intersecting shafts were discussed, including the parametric equations of different generatrix circles, the mathematical models of tooth surfaces, and central curves to be constructed, respectively. The validity of the active designed meshing line function was verified according to meshing equations, and the theoretical sliding rations were analyzed to prove pure rolling meshing. Then basic design parameters of pure rolling line gear mechanisms for the geometry design were determined, and the main structural parameters were obtained therefrom. Lastly, three groups of numerical examples were proposed according to mathematical models. Resin samples of line gears were processed by rapid prototyping technology and the kinematic performance of the pure rolling line gear mechanisms were validated. This paper laid the foundation of geometry and parameter design for pure rolling line gear mechanisms for an arbitrary angle intersecting shafts.


This paper discusses workflow system based on multi-agent and lightweight design idea,proposes the representation of the way to implement the workflow system,methods of task decomposition and resource assignation.A method based on ontology is proposed and discussed for information transfer among agents in workflow system.The method lessens the communication burden of the workflow system,analyzes function of this architecture,shows the superiority of the model,and introduces implementation scheme.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how the extant literature on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) empirically explores the perspective of emerging economy suppliers operating in global supply chains (GSCs). It thereby explains the role of emerging economy suppliers in determining the success of SSCM.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review of 41 empirical papers (published between 2007 and 2021) was conducted, involving both descriptive and thematic analyses.

Findings
The findings demonstrate that emerging economy suppliers have a key role in SSCM, given their use of positive feedback loops to proactively create remedies to surpass barriers using their collaboration mechanisms, and exploit authentic sustainability outcomes as reinforcements to drive further sustainability initiatives. The authors also demonstrate that suppliers are particularly focused on the cultural and institutional dimensions of sustainability. Finally, the authors provide an explanatory analytical framework to reduce the institutional distance between buyers and their global suppliers.

Research limitations/implications
This review identifies avenues for future research on the role of emerging economy suppliers in SSCM.

Practical implications
Recognising remedies to surpass barriers and reinforcements to drive new actions can aid SSCM in GSCs and improve understanding between buyers and suppliers.

Social implications
The valorisation of cultural and institutional issues can lead to more responsible supplier interactions and improved sustainability outcomes in emerging economies.

Originality/value
This review only analyses the viewpoint of emerging economy suppliers, whereas prior SSCM reviews have focused on the buyer perspective. Thus, the authors reduce supplier invisibility and institutional distance between GSC participants.


The effects of oral administration of extracts of raw and processed larvae of Cirina forda (Westwood) on morphometry and histo pathology were studied in albino rats. Weights of rats in the control group and in the group that were fed the processed larvae were significantly higher (p 0.05) in all the groups. The relative weight of lungs was significantly higher (p Cirina forda larva. Keywords : insect larvae, processing, entomophagy, histopathology, rats African Journal of Biomedical Research Vol. 8(1) 2005: 35-39


The number of pediatric surgeries is constantly increasing. Evaluating anxiety levels in pediatric surgical patients is highly important in terms of preventing complications.


The quality of x-ray radiography NDE is highly dependent on a large number of inspection parameters. Examples of these parameters are the generator settings: tube potential, tube current, exposure time, ... ; object parameters: orientation, thickness, distance from the source ... ; detector parameters: film type, source to detector distance, etc. Optimization of an x-ray nondestructive testing can be achieved by testing different settings and choosing the set of parameters that produces the best possible radiograph. The large dimensionality of the optimization problem, however, makes the process of manually changing the inspection parameters, and investigating the radiographs, not an easy task. The time and cost requirements of the optimization process can be reduced by resorting to advanced xray computer simulators.


Electromotive force values of KI in the CH3OH-H2O mixed system with CH3OH contents(weight) of 0%,20%,60% and 100% respectively were measured at 303.15K.The standard cell potential of each condition and the activity coefficients of KI in the mixed solvent were obtained by associating the experimental values using power series expansion method,the extended Debye-Huckel equation and the Pitzer equation.The calculation results show that the activity coefficients of KI in CH3OH-H2O system with constant composition decrease at first then pass a minimum and increase gradually again as its concentration increases.When the KI concentration is fixed,its activity coefficients decrease with increasing the CH3OH contents in the mixture which indicates that there exists a weak association of KI in the CH3OH.


In order to test whether Lampert's theory (1956) of one carrier space-charge-limited currents can be applied to cadmium sulphide it is necessary to ensure that the electrical contacts to the crystals exclude the possibility of minority carriers entering the crystal. The use of many materials, including indium, can lead to hole injection at the anode at sufficiently high voltages. However, evaporated indium forms good electron injecting cathodes and hole blocking anodes, when it is deposited on surfaces previously subject to hydrogen ion bombardment. With these contacts current-voltage characteristics were measured over a range from -183 °c to 83 °c. Analysis of the results shows that a typical crystal contained 2.5 × 1014 traps per cm3 at a distance of 0.61 eV below the conduction band. About 1012 cm-3 of these were filled with electrons which originated from shallow donors. According to Lampert's traps-filled theory the crystal contained 2.5 × 1013 traps per cm3. It is concluded that the steep rise in current, attributed in Lampert's theory to the complete filling of traps, is in fact associated with trap emptying in this crystal.


Theoretically, the rate of exchange is one of the major drivers of inflation that influences the wholesale price index (WPI) in countries where significant emphasis is put over import and export like China. In this paper, the exchange ratei¯s clustering volatility and its impulsiveness as an external shock to WPI is investigated on a set of time series data which represents 4,067 daily observation of Chinese Economy from August 12, 2004-September 30, 2015. The ordinary least square and weighted regression analysis reveal significant p-values of 0.000 for exchange rate that explain the WPI throughout the stated period. The autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model exhibit significant probability value of 0.000 and 0.044 respectively for WPI and the exchange rate. It is found that the previous daysi¯ volatility of WPI influences the future volatility of WPI as an internal shock in addition to the previous daysi¯ impulsiveness of the exchange rate which influences the future volatility of the WPI as an external shock. The testing models are thoroughly applied and their stability and validity are evidenced thereto.


In this paper, we extend our previous work and calculate the field structure and the conversion efficiency of the higher order harmonics emission. In calculation, the effect of density profile steepening in the vicinity of the critical density has been taken into account by assuming a bilinear density profile. The analytical results obtained can give a reasonable explanation to the physical phenomena observed in CO 2 -laser experiments.


Strict product liability is likely to become law in the United Kingdom in 1988. This paper describes the difference which such legislation is likely to make to the legal position of manufacturers, vendors and consumers and discusses some of the likely consequences thereof.


Scientists are trying
new surface irrigation
equipment that lets
you save on labor. Floats
start pre-set timers that
trip dams after irrigation
runs are complete. All
you do is set the dams
and turn in the water.


In traditional computational complexity we measure algorithm running times as functions of one variable, the size of the input. Though in this setting our goal is usually to design polynomial-time algorithms, most interesting graph problems are unfortunately believed to require exponential time.
Parameterized complexity theory refines this by introducing a second variable, called the parameter, which is supposed to quantify the "hardness" of each specific instance. The goal now becomes to confine the combinatorial explosion to the parameter, by designing an algorithm that runs in time polynomial in the size of the input, though inevitably exponential in the parameter. This will allow us to tackle instances where the parameter value is much more modest than the input size, which will happen often if the parameter is chosen well.
In this work we deal with parameterized versions of intractable graph problems. Our focus will be structural parameterizations, meaning that the parameters we choose will be measures which attempt to quantify the complexity of a graph. The most important such measure in the literature is treewidth, a notion which quantifies how "tree-like" a graph is. Here, we will consider parameterizations by treewidth, but also by alternative measures of graph complexity such as vertex cover, or maximum degree.
Our results move in two directions: First, we study the computational complexity of structural parameterizations of several specific problems. In this vein we show hardness results for Maximum Path Coloring parameterized by measures such as treewidth and maximum degree; we present algorithms for two parameterizations of Vertex Cover; and we present algorithms and hardness results for three different parameterizations of the modal satisfiability problem.
Second, we study the algorithmic properties of structural parameters not with respect to a specific problem, but with respect to whole classes of problems. For undirected graphs we present algorithmic meta-theorems which show that large classes of problems are tractable when parameterized by vertex cover or max-leaf number. Our results strengthen a famous theorem due to Courcelle, for these special cases. For directed graphs we give hardness results for Hamiltonian Circuit and Max Di Cut which apply to essentially all the definitions of directed treewidth which have appeared in the literature, showing that none of them is as algorithmically potent as (undirected) treewidth.


The main target of the paper is to study structure of main pine forest types in Usmansky and Khrenovskoy pine forests, their chemical composition of essential oil (EO) monoterpene fraction. This paper is on problems of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) breeding and seed-growing in the forest-steppe European part. It is done for forest culture improvement, based on genetics and breeding. The characteristic of main components of pine-needles essential oil in free and controlled cross-breeding was investigated. The established peculiarities of monoterpene biosynthesis in pine-needless essential oil are genetically motivated. The long-term opportunity for essential oil composition usage as characteristics of Pinus sylvestris breeding on resistibility to diseases and pests was defined. The structures of main forest types in Usmansky and Khrenovskoy pine forests according to basic monometric and biochemical indices were studied. The data on composition, changeability and inheritance regularity of monoterpenes may be used for recommendations on creating of Pinus sylvestris seed base on genetic and breeding bases.


Total electron yield (TEY) x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra were measured with grazing incident synchrotron radiation for Cr thin films on Fe in order to investigate the feasibility of the technique for surface analysis. The minimum detection depth of TEY-XANES with the grazing incident x-rays is 2-20 nm for the Cr films studied. The spectral shapes of both Cr K-edge and Fe K-edge spectra are changed at incident angles between 0.1° and 3-5°. These results are discussed by x-ray absorption depths, electron penetration lengths and total reflection in terms of the applicability of TEY-XANES with grazing incident x-rays for chemical-state analysis of material surfaces.


In water pollution control planning,scheme optimization involves various evaluation indexes and different dimensions,and it is difficult to determine the weight of the evaluation indexes,so the digital information of indexes data can not be reflected objectively by using the common methods of water quality planning. In the paper,the projection pursuit (PP) model is applied to selecting the best scheme,and a real coding based genetic algorithm is used to simplify the modeling process. In order to reflect the weight of indexes and realize the local concentrating and global expanding, a new function of projection indexes is presented. The calculation example shows that the PP model, which can reflect the weight of indexes objectively and evaluate the schemes correctly,is very effective and can be applied generally to water pollution control planning.


The author describes an analytical tool capable of predicting the average bit error rate (BER), the percent error-free seconds (PEFS), and the availability for an end-to-end digital connection. Availability is defined with respect to the hypothetical reference link (HRX). A connection is considered to be in an unavailable state if the BER is worse than 10/sup -3/ 10 consecutive 1-s intervals or longer. It leaves the unavailable state if the BER in each of 10 consecutive 1-s intervals is better than 10/sup -3/. A four-state Markov chain is used to model the error performance of a 4 GHz digital radio route at DS-0, DS-1, and DS-3 rates. The parameters for this model are derived from experimental data collected between a pair of cities. The end-to-end performance is calculated by concatenating two such links. The results verify that the Markov chain model can predict the long-term error performance of digital connections.<<ETX>>


We have deduced the concept of mineralization rate of a mineral in a hydrothermal system from the strict scientific point of view. The mineralization rate of a mineral is defined as the variation in the mineral weight per unit volume rock at per unit time during the mineralization. The mineralization rate of a mineral is a function of the equilibrium concentration of the mineral. In order to maintain the dynamic equilibrium state of a mineral in a pore-fluid flow regime, the precipitation and/or dissolution of the mineral must take place in the hydrothermal system. From this point of view, the dynamic equilibrium theory presented here is the core part of the modern mineralization theory in hydrothermal system. This is the major contribution of this study. Also presented in this study is the finite element simulations of reactive mineral-carrying fluids mixing and mineralization in pore-fluid saturated hydrothermal system. Particular consideration is given to explore the mixing of reactive sulfide and sulfate fluids and the relevant patterns of mineralization for lead, zinc and iron minerals in the regime of temperature-gradient-driven convective flow. We have modelled the distribution of the pore-fluid velocity, streamline and temperature as well as the distribution of the precipitation/dissolution of the aqueous minerals under different geological situations. Through applying the present mineralization theory to three examples in hydrothermal system, the related numerical resulte have demonstrated that: (1) The present mineralization rate is useful for the prediction of the precipitation and dissolution regions of a mineral in hydrothermal systems. (2) The mixing of fluids is one of the effective mechanisms for the mineralization of lead,zinc and iron minerals in the hydrothermal system. (3) The locations of both the injected reactive fluids and geological structures can significantly affect the distributions of pore-fluid flow and temperature as well as the zonation of minerals in hydrothermal systems. Therefore, grological structures need to be considered as an important constraint to control the ore body formation and mineralization.


A single sheet of Si nanoclusters with an average diameter of about 2 nm has been formed in a 30 nm Si/7 nm SiO2/Si layer stack by 50 and 60 keV Si+ ion-beam mixing at room temperature and fluences between 8.5 ⋅ 1015 and 2.6 ⋅ 1016 ions/cm2 and by subsequent thermal annealing at a temperature above 1000 °C. Computer modeling of the process is accomplished by TRIDYN dynamic ballistic simulation of ion mixing and subsequent lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the phase decomposition of substoichiometric silicon oxide into Si nanoclusters in a SiO2 matrix. The simulation algorithms are briefly described with special emphasis on the choice of governing parameters for the present system. In comparison to the experimental results, it is concluded that the predicted ion mixing profiles overestimate the interface broadening. This discrepancy is attributed to the neglect of chemical driving forces in connection with thermal-spike induced diffusion, which tends to reconstitute the Si/SiO2 interfaces. With a corresponding correction and a suitable number of Monte Carlo steps, the experimentally obtained areal densities and average diameters of the nanoclusters are successfully reproduced.A single sheet of Si nanoclusters with an average diameter of about 2 nm has been formed in a 30 nm Si/7 nm SiO2/Si layer stack by 50 and 60 keV Si+ ion-beam mixing at room temperature and fluences between 8.5 ⋅ 1015 and 2.6 ⋅ 1016 ions/cm2 and by subsequent thermal annealing at a temperature above 1000 °C. Computer modeling of the process is accomplished by TRIDYN dynamic ballistic simulation of ion mixing and subsequent lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the phase decomposition of substoichiometric silicon oxide into Si nanoclusters in a SiO2 matrix. The simulation algorithms are briefly described with special emphasis on the choice of governing parameters for the present system. In comparison to the experimental results, it is concluded that the predicted ion mixing profiles overestimate the interface broadening. This discrepancy is attributed to the neglect of chemical driving forces in connection with thermal-spike induced diffusion, which tends to reconstitute the Si/SiO2 interfaces. With a c...


Since the publication of the 'World Fauna of Tortricini' (RAZOWSKI 1966) only one paper (R a z o w s k i 1986) summarising the study on that tribe has been published. Now I am adding some data on the rather poorly known genus Apotoforma BUSCK and providing the descriptions of 7 new species. A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s . I am greatly obliged to Dr. Ronald W. H ODGES and the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington for providing the Apotoforma material for study. My thanks are also due to Mr. Kevin R. TUN CK , the Natural History Museum London, for lending some types and examination of Brachiolia egenella material. N o t e . The numeral given in the descriptions of the labial palpus indicates the proportion of its total length to the larger diameter of the eye. The acronyms used are: NHM L-Natural History Museum, London; NHMW-Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien; NM NH-National Museum of the Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.


Spectral reproducibility, the minimal error obtained on increasing the number of averaged results, is affected by the presence of fluctuations in the processes of inflow and in the excitation conditions of the substance. A study of the connection of special reproducibility with the processes of inflow showed that spectral reproducibility is a derivative it is shown that there is a direct connection between the value of spectral reproducibility and the vapor pressure of elements constituting the discharge cloud, which determined the inflow of electrode material into the plasma of the electric discharge. (auth)


Anggi Putri Suri Wulandari. A LECTURER'S CRITICISMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION (A CASE STUDY IN THE ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016). Thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret. March 2017. The aims of this study are: (1) to identify the types of criticisms used by the lecturer in the teaching learning process and how they are used; (2) to find out the purpose of the use of the criticisms and (3) to find out the extent of the criticisms affect the students' learning motivation. This research was conducted from November 2015 until June 2016 in the English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. The source of data were events and informants. The data collection method used were observation and interview. The data were analyzed by using Qualitative Approach (Yin) which consists of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding. The study produces three findings. The first finding is that the lecturer uses two types of criticisms in the teaching learning process. Those types of criticisms are constructive and destructive. In delivering the destructive criticisms, the lecturer tends to use You-statement method. Meanwhile, Sandwich method and Satire criticisms are used to deliver the constructive criticisms. The second finding is that the purposes underlying the use of the destructive criticisms are a) to make the students aware of their mistakes, weaknesses and their needs for learning; b) to make the students become autonomous learners; c) to make the students behave well in their manner, action, words and dressed properly; d) to make the students integrate the knowledge that they have learned to the other knowledge and to the real-life context; e) to make the students realize that a good score is not the main purpose of their learning and f) to make the students not underestimate the course. On the other hand, the purposes behind the use of the constructive criticisms are a) to compensate the impact of the destructive criticisms and b) to provide ways for the students in order to accelerate them to the next level. The third finding is that the criticisms strongly affect the learning motivation of the students who are extrinsically motivated. They see the criticisms as one of their sources for their learning motivation. The students who are intrinsically motivated consider the criticisms just as a reminder. Their learning motivation are not controlled by the criticisms. Keywords: criticisms, motivation.


A neuronal network often involves time delay caused by the finite signal propagation time in a given biological network. This time delay is not a homogenous fluctuation in a biological system. The heterogeneous delay-induced asynchrony and resonance in a noisy small-world neuronal network system are numerically studied in this work by calculating synchronization measure and spike interval distribution. We focus on three different delay conditions: double-values delay, triple-values delay, and Gaussian-distributed delay. Our results show the following: 1) the heterogeneity in delay results in asynchronous firing in the neuronal network, and 2) maximum synchronization could be achieved through resonance given that the delay values are integer or half-integer times of each other.


The binding of DMDAO micelles to sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was studied by turbidimetric titration, membrane filtration, and electrophoretic light scattering. While the first technique indicates the sudden onset of complexation at a well-defined pHcrit, micelle binding isotherms obtained by membrane filtration in the vicinity of pHcrit reveal binding prior to pHcrit. At lower pH, the binding constant increases by an order-of-magnitude with a 20% increase in micelle charge density; the change is abrupt, but not discontinuous. Polyelectrolyte-micelle binding thus appears to follow mass action equilibrium, but with high sensitivity to electrostatic variables.


Introduction  Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have proven effects on hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Given that there is no single consensus on the treatment of NAFLD and high levels of Omega-3 is found in flax seed oil and in this regard no study has been done in the world, we decided to evaluate the effects of flaxseed oil on non-invasive markers of fatty liver . Material and Methods  In a randomised controlled trial, 60 participants with NAFLD were randomised to 2 months treatment with either Flaxseed or vitamin E(in two groups each 30).Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, liver enzymes, blood glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were measured before and after the intervention.  Results In flax seed oil group ALT, AST, ALP (alkaline phosphatase)., TG (triglyceride)., Insulin was decreased and HDL (High density lipoprotein). Were  increased significantly(P<0.05)..In vitamin E group, only the level of AST, ALT and total bilirubin was significantly decreased. (P<0.05).  Conclusion Flaxseed oil is effective and safe in the improvement of non-invasive liver markers of patients with NAFLD. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this drug.  Acknowledgment :This is no conflict of interest


A data acquisition system based on FPGA for the numerous and varied measured analog signal in aerospace test is designed,using the modularizing design,realizing the cascade connection through the internal three-way connector to reduce the architecture complexity and increase the versatility and flexibility of the system.The anomalies of operational amplifler output in the signal acquisition circuit is analyzed and gives a solution to improve the sampling accuracy,presents a sampling control method based on the parallel operation of multi-channel analog multiplexers,using FPGA internal block RAM resources to establish a lookup table structure of the sampling of analog signal and achieve a large number of different types of analog signal real-time sampling by encoding and storing the sampling channel.


When glucose is replete, mTORC1 is active and anchored to the lysosomal surface via the two GTPases, RAG and Rheb, which are regulated by Ragulator and TSC2, respectively. When glucose is low, aldolase senses low fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and promotes the translocation of AXIN−LKB1 to the lysosomal surface, which leads to the activation of AMPK and the inhibition of RAGs, sundering mTORC1 from the lysosome and causing its inactivation. AMPK can also inactivate mTORC1 by phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2. However, the hierarchy of AXIN- and AMPK-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 remains poorly defined. Here, we show that AXIN translocation does not require AMPK expression or activity. In glucose starvation conditions, knockout of AXIN extended the half-life of mTORC1 inhibition from 15 min to 60 min, whereas knockout of AMPK only extended it to 30 min. RAGB GTP (constitutively active RAGB) almost entirely blocked the lysosomal dissociation and inhibition of mTORC1 under glucose starvation, but it did not inhibit AMPK, indicating that under these conditions it is AXIN lysosomal translocation that inhibits mTORC1, and it does so via inhibition of RAGs. AICAR, a mimetic of AMP, which activates both cytosolic AMPK and lysosomal AMPK, fully inhibited mTORC1 even when it is stably anchored to the lysosome by RAGB GTP, whereas glucose starvation mildly inhibited such anchored mTORC1. Together, we demonstrate that the lysosomal translocation of AXIN plays a primary role in glucose starvation-triggered inhibition of mTORC1 by inhibiting RAGs, and that AMPK activity inhibits mTORC1 through phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2, especially under severe stress.


It was determined that the studied 5-[(Z)-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone (Les-6222) affects the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade, the markers of damage to neurons on models of PTZ kindling. In the model of chronic epileptogenesis in mice (pentylenetetrazole kindling), a 4-thiazolidinone derivative showed high anticonvulsant activity, which is weaker than the effect of sodium valproate and higher than Celecoxib. The mentioned compound has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in the brain on the background of the PTZ kindling, reliably inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2. The predominant inhibition of COX-2 by 44.5% indicates this enzyme's high selectivity of Les-6222. According to the molecular docking study results, the studied compound revealed the properties of COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor and especially 5-LOX/FLAP. The decreasing content of 8-isoprostane in the brain of mice of the Les-6222 group indicates a beneficial effect on cell membranes in the background of oxidative stress during the long-term administration of PTZ. In addition, Les-6222 significantly decreased the content of neuron-specific enolase, indicating neuroprotective properties in the background of chronic epileptogenesis. The obtained results experimentally substantiate the feasibility of further developing Les-6222 as a promising anticonvulsant agent.


Pipelines in the offshore sector make common use of polypropylene (and other polymer) coating systems to protect the infrastructure and provide thermal insulation. High Pressure High Temperature (H...


This work focuses on the internal mechanism of adding window technology and its application in the truncated long code ultrasound system. First, a simple introduction of the truncated long code is given in which the transmitted pulses are coded using different short codes from burst to burst, and all the echoes are organized together coherently in the later estimation process to form a long code modulation. When applying the method into the pulse-echo ultrasound system, the code selection is no longer a key issue and the penetration ability and axial resolution can be improved in the medical ultrasound system. However the precision of the spectrum analysis is not enhanced. To solve the problem of low spectrum analysis precision, in this paper we have studied the principle of the adding window technology and apply it to the truncated long code ultrasound system. Good results of the simulation about the application have been given. The simulation shows that the adding window technology improves the Doppler signal power spectrum out-of-band diffusion and effectively reduces spectrum leakage. It also improves the system performance and the precision of the spectrum analysis.


Background: The production of nitric oxide by type II inducible nitric oxide synthase (type II NOS) gene is controlled at least in part by transcriptional activation. Although the murine and human type II NOS genes share significant sequence homology, they differ in the induction stimuli required for activation. Materials and Methods: The A549 human and murine RAW 264.7 cell lines were cultured in the presence of inducers of the type II NOS gene and exposed to specific inhibitors of phosphatidyl choline-specific phospholipase C, NF-KB, and endocytosis, as well as to reagents that deplete stores of ATP or prevent the acidification of endosomes. The effect of these reagents on the induction of the type II NOS gene transcription, transla-tion, and NO expression was studied using electromobility shift assays, Western blotting, and the detection of NO as nitrates, as appropriate. Additionally, the ability of the native human type II NOS NF-KB recognition sequence to bind NF-KB was compared with a concensus sequence and with a mutated oligomer. Results: Type II NOS production by both human and mouse cells could be prevented by the addition of the specific inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, D609, and of agents that interfere with the activation of NF-KB. Both mouse and human cells also required acidic endosome formation and the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol for type II NOS expression. Addi-tionally, the native human type II NOS NF-KB recognition sequence bound NF-KB with significantly less affinity than did the recognition sequence derived from the human immunoglobulin light-chain gene promoter. Conclusions: These experiments show that whereas mouse cells can be activated by lipopolysaccharide to produce nitric oxide, and human cells require activation by a mixture of cytokines to produce nitric oxide, the intracellular activation pathway following receptor binding of these heterologous stimuli is shared. Additionally, NF-KB activation is necessary but not sufficient for inducible nitric oxide synthase production in human cells, in contrast to murine cells in which it serves as a complete inducer.


Abstract : Motivation for United States intervention with military assistance in the Chadian Civil War is an intriguing question. It is significant because the United States did not make this intervention until 1981, sixteen years after the Civil War began. The reasons for the intervention do not seem to have much to do with Chad, but other factors did affect the United States' interests in Africa and the Middle East, and ultimately did involve Chad. This thesis explores motives that may have been the reason(s) for United States intervention. These motives include: (1) Libyan terrorism, destabilization policies, and expansionism; (2) Soviet expansionism and influence in the region; and (3) Chad's potential in mineral and oil reserves. This study contends that the United States' intervention in the Chadian Civil War was due to the perceived Soviet threat that would increase from the Libyan intervention in Chad. While the concern in Chad was Colonel Qadhafi's Soviet-equipped Libya, the United States saw Chad as a stepping stone for further Libyan aggression. Truly Libyan aggression in Chad was viewed as Soviet aggression. Qadhafi had to be stopped. (emk)


A fault-tolerant control approach without rate sensors is presented for the attitude stabilization of a satellite being developed. External disturbances, reaction wheel faults, actuator saturation, and unavailable angular velocity are addressed. A sliding-mode observer is proposed by using attitude feedback only, and the unavailable angular velocity is estimated by this observer in finite time. Using the attitude and the estimated velocity, another sliding-mode observer is proposed to reconstruct actuator faults and disturbances. It is proven that reconstruction with zero observer error is achieved in finite time. With the reconstructed value, a velocity-free controller is then developed to asymptotically stabilize the attitude. Simulation results are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


This study intends to contribute to the understanding of the Mediterranean Salt Giant in the Western Mediterranean, formed about 6 Ma ago during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. It provides reprocessed multichannel seismic reflection data that aim at improving our knowledge of the stratigraphy in the Algero-Balearic deepwater basin and its continental margins, in the absence of lithological information from wells.

We investigate the seismic expression of the Messinian salinity crisis from the south-east of the Balearic promontory to the central Algero-Balearic abyssal basin and the salt tectonic processes associated to these facies. Here the segmentation of salt structures has been previously described using shallow chirp sonar data, low-resolution vintage multichannel seismic data and high-resolution multi-channel seismic data post-stack migrated with a constant velocity field. The structure of the northern Algero-Balearic basin is controlled by two abrupt fault scarps oriented SW–NE (mainly the Emile Baudot Escarpment transform fault) and WSW-ENE (mainly the Mazarron Escarpment transform fault) emplaced during the basin extension, and later intruded by steep and narrow volcanic ridges of Pleistocene age. It is a good analogue to early stage salt tectonic for older and more complex salt giants in the North Sea or the Gulf of Mexico.

We reprocessed 2D Kirchhoff PSTM multichannel seismic data acquired by the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale – OGS (SBALDEEP Cruise of 2005 and SALTFLU cruise of 2012; the latter within a Eurofleet cruise) spanning the South-East continental margin of the Balearic islands and the Algero-Balearic basin. The reprocessing was designed for improving the continuity of the reflectors by applying Kirchhoff PSTM using a detailed velocity model, while preserving amplitude information. The objectives are to better apprehend the structural complexity of the area and to retrieve the amplitude variation within the Messinian units, in an attempt to derive the composition of the salt and the pressure regime.

We present preliminary results where we delineate four different domains based on i) the seismic facies, ii) the amount of salt deformation, iii) the thickness of the overburden and iv) the pre-salt configuration. We try to assess the presence of the Messinian trilogy in the south-eastern continental slope. We attempt to reconstitute the paleo-depositionnal environment of the various depositional units, and the effect of crustal structures and salt tectonic gravity spreading and gliding on their syn to post-depositional evolution. Finally, we search for evidence of fluid circulation within the Messinian and the Plio-Quaternary deposits over the study area.


Abstract:The poetry competition founded in Toulouse in 1323 is a well-known instance of cultural resistance, thanks to its promotion and preservation of poetry in Occitan shortly after the county of Toulouse had become part of the French crown. This article re-examines the "Leys d'Amors," the treatise produced in two redactions by the Consistory in the mid-fourteenth century, in order to establish whether Occitan is treated as a civic 'mother tongue', or if instead the text reveals an approach to language acquisition modelled on Latin treatises familiar to the University, in which case Occitan becomes less a 'mother tongue' than an 'other tongue'.


Iron is a metal not only important in maintaining the structural integrity of the Earth's core but also the normal physiological function of metazoans. In fact, the requirement of iron as a cofactor for iron–sulfur and iron-dependent proteins, many of which are involved in a host of metabolic and regulatory pathways, helped form the foundation for the iron–sulfur world theory on the origin of life by the German chemist Gunter Wachtershauser.1 It is therefore not surprising that a shift in the delicate balance of iron levels is implicated in a variety of pathological conditions that seem to have an underlying metabolic abnormality. For example, iron overload can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome,2 whereas iron deficiency is associated with cancer.3

Article, see p 1680

A newly emerging metabolic disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a complex vascular remodeling disease resulting in pulmonary artery (PA) occlusion with an accompanying right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure.4,5 PAH PA vascular cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, seem to have a metabolic switch from mitochondrial-derived glucose oxidation to cytoplasmic-derived glycolysis,6–8 similar to cancer.9 The complexity of this disease is due, in part, to a diverse range of activated signaling pathways in the proliferative and apoptosis-resistant PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). These pathways range from activation of proproliferative transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor of activated T cells to induced epigenetic modifications, including microRNA aberrant expression,10 methylation resulting in decreased expression of mitochondrial enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase11 or single-nucleotide polymorphisms to sirtuin-3.12 Although a primary mitochondrial suppression in PASMCs has provided strong evidence for how many of these seemingly unrelated pathways may converge into 1 central …


The stationary shock-like solution which is derived from wave kinetic equations with group velocity dispersion is studied analytically. Also, some initial value problems involving the propagation and formation of the shock are investigated numerically; a remarkable stability of the shock is exhibited. The shocks are formed even from initial states which are fairly different from the stationary state. As an example the interaction among two Langmuir waves and one ion-acoustic wave is considered.


Catalytic reactions of carbon monoxide are investigated in presence of polyethylene-bound palladium and rhodium complexes and it was shown that such catalysts with temperature-dependent solubility are applicable for carbonylation of organic halides and hydroformylation of alkenes due to high activity and recoverability.


Many beetles recorded from dung are known to frequent a range of different types of decaying matter. Therefore, the range of associations shown by dung Coleoptera near Pretoria in the Transvaal, South Africa, was studied to facilitate selection of dung specialists for introduction into Australia as control agents for cattle dung and dung-breeding fly pests. Although traps were baited with three different types of dung (cattle, horse, pig) and three types of decaying matter (banana, moistened grass clippings, animal offal), beetles were predominantly attracted to dung. The distribution patterns shown by the 86 most abundant species were classified using cluster analysis in order to summarize the major trends. Four clusters of species were shown at the 55% level of similarity. All but one of the 39 species in the first cluster were attracted primarily to omnivore dung (pig). Another 31 species in a second cluster were attracted primarily to herbivore dung (cattle, horse). All but one of 14 species in a thir...


The increasing demand for large power ratings and the physically limited maximum current density of semiconductor devices in power electronics make the connection of semiconductor in parallel or series an interesting alternative for high power applications. The major problem of the IGBT parallel connection is the current unbalance of parallel devices, which requires the selection of the devices, a manual parameterization of gate units and a substantial device derating in state of the art high power IGBT Voltage Source Converters. This paper presents a new scheme for the non-destructive parameter extraction of IGBTs and a simulative study of the influence of different parameters on the current distribution of parallel connected IGBTs. The investigations show that the delay time of parallel switched IGBTs can be used to achieve a balanced current distribution despite potentially varying parameters like gate-emitter threshold voltages and internal gate resistances. The results are experimentally verified by measurements in a 500 V, 800A test set-up applying 1700V, 450 A IGBTs and inverse diodes.


Context. Rotation properties (spin-axis direction and rotation period) and coarse shape models of asteroids can be reconstructed from their disk-integrated brightness when measured from various viewing geometries. These physical properties are essential for creating a global picture of structure and dynamical evolution of the main belt.
Aims. The number of shape and spin models can be increased not only when new data are available, but also by combining independent data sets and inverting them together. Our aim was to derive new asteroid models by processing readily available photometry.
Methods. We used asteroid photometry compiled in the Lowell Observatory photometry database with photometry from the Gaia Data Release 2. Both data sources are available for about 5400 asteroids. In the framework of the Asteroids@home distributed computing project, we applied the light curve inversion method to each asteroid to find its convex shape model and spin state that fits the observed photometry.
Results. Due to the limited number of Gaia DR2 data points and poor photometric accuracy of Lowell data, we were able to derive unique models for only ∼1100 asteroids. Nevertheless, 762 of these are new models that significantly enlarge the current database of about 1600 asteroid models.
Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the importance of a combined approach to inversion of asteroid photometry. While our models in general agree with those obtained by separate inversion of Lowell and Gaia data, the combined inversion is more robust, model parameters are more constrained, and unique models can be reconstructed in many cases when individual data sets alone are not sufficient.


In present society, education is a way to skills development programme. Ideologically it is far away from the philosophy of education. Indian civilization came in earth thousands years ago with the hand of Indus valley civilization. The philosophy of Vedic education is to make a mankind. Spirituality is a soul of education. According to the direction of Rig Veda, first literature in world "Education is something, which makes a man self-reliant and self-less". Indeed, Vedic people were used spirituality as a method of psycho-behavioral therapy. Continuous up growing number of law and criminal activities are indicating uniquely criminal administration is not able to control this social misery, even education system is failure to produce a mankind in society. Ancient literatures are indicating that seers were incorporated spirituality in informal education system to devolve the sense of humanity and simultaneously they were promoting yogic education to keep emotional balance in life. Practically yog is able to produce healthy body and mind, the effect of yogic practice is universally proved therefore it is also need to add in formal education. On the aspect to include spirituality in education a remarkable outcome has been seen on research report released by Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit (WRERU) at the University of Warwick under the title of "Spirituality in Education: Promoting Children's Spiritual Development through Values". It seemed from these report that Children and teachers both are highly benefited due to Sathya Sai Education in Human Values programme (SSEHV). Therefore with the expectation to make a mankind and establish a peaceful social system spiritualism and yogic practice are the basic requirements.


It is shown that rippling instabilities can tap the density gradient expansion free‐energy source through the density dependence of the neoclassical resistivity. Linear analyses show that the region where neoclassical rippling modes are significantly excited extends from the edge of the plasma to the region where ν*e ≤1. Since these modes are nondispersive, diamagnetic effects are negligible in comparison to the nonlinear decorrelation rate at saturation. Thus the relevant regime is the ''strong turbulence'' regime. The turbulent radial diffusivities of the temperature and the density are obtained as eigenvalues of the renormalized eigenmode equations at steady state. The density gradient acts to enhance the level of turbulence, compared to that driven by the temperature gradient alone. The saturated turbulent state is characterized by current decoupling, the breakdown of Boltzmann relation, a radial mode scale of density fluctuations exceeding that of temperature fluctuations, implying that density diffu...


Rapidly increasing sales of multi-SIM phones, mobile penetration rates above 100% and reported customer behavior all point to the fact that a significant share of mobile customers in emerging markets tend to use more than one SIM card. A primary motive for this is to avoid making expensive off-net calls. We add a segment of flexible prepaid customers, who choose to "multi-sim" in equilibrium to the seminal model of competing telephone networks a la Laffont, Rey and Tirole (1998b). In equilibrium, the networks choose to set a very high prepaid off-net price to achieve segmentation. This incentive prevails, even if termination rates are set to marginal costs.


The increasing availability of large volumes of human-curated content is shifting web search towards a paradigm that introduces seamlessly more semantic information to search engine result pages. This trend has resulted in the design of a new element known as the knowledge module (KM) where certain facts about named entities, obtained from various knowledge bases, are shown to users. So far, little has been done to uncover the role that this module plays on user experience in web search and whether it is perceived by users as a useful aid for their search tasks. Our work is an early attempt to bridge this gap. To this end, we conducted a crowdsourcing study aimed at understanding the effect of the KM on users' search experience and its overall utility. In particular, our study is the first to provide insights about the noticeability and usefulness of the KM in web search, together with comprehensive analyses of usability and workload.


Regional economic development takes a prominent position in economic development of China,especially not only does the "Four Great Growth Poles" relate to China further economic development patterns,but also is the exerting point of Chinese international economic development strategy.With the further development of world economic integration,there are some profound problems emerged in regional economic development,while facing such emerging problems the economic zone of Bei Bu Gulf get lots of benefi cial experiences.


Objective To study the effect of endotoxin tolerance (ETT) on chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) in the liver tissue of rats with acute liver failure (ALF).Methods SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal group,ALF group and ETT group.The rats in the ETT group and ALF group were injected with lipopolysacharide (LPS) 0.1 mg/kg or saline respectively,one time / day for 5 days.At 24 hours after the 5th-day injection,all rats were injected with D-GalN 800 mg/kg and LPS 8μg/rat.Blood sample and liver tissue were collected on 2,6,12,24 and 48 hours after injection.The gene expressions of CXCR7 in the liver were measured by RT-PCR,and the protein expressions of CXCR7 were determined by Western Blot.The data analysis was performed by LSD,Dunnett's t test.Results The histological damage in the liver tissue was significantly mider in ETT group compared to ALF group.The gene expressions of CXCR7 were significantly milder in ETT group compared to ALF group (2 h:F =29.222,6 h:F=166.892,12 h:F=38.975,24h:F=34.603,48 h:F=18.929,allP<0.01),but still severer than that of normal group.The CXCR7 protein expression in ALF group and ETT group peaked at 24 hours,but the expression of CXCR7 in ETT group was lower compared with that in in ALF group (2h:F=11.155,6 h:F=42.553,12h:F=17.082,all P<0.01; 24 h:F=7.242,P<0.05).Conclusions During the process of endotoxin tolerance,LPS pretreatment and D-GalN can decrease the liver injury,down-regulate the expressions of CXCR7mRNA and CXCR7.This suggests that CXCR7 may play an important role in the ETT.

Key words:
Endotoxin;  Liver failure;  Chemokine receptor 7


This book presents a wide-ranging interdisciplinary study of the evolving concept of laws of Nature. From the magical notions of primitive cultures to the latest ideas about chaos, black holes, inflation, and superstrings, the author traces the gradual development of our concept of what laws of Nature are and how we come to know them. The scientific and mathematical topics discussed are of major importance to philosophers and scientists.


This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of physical interventions (orthoses, splints, exercise and manual therapy) for treating plantar
heel pain.


Objective:To optimize the formulation and process of dirithromycin enteric-coated pellets.Methods:The uncoated dirithromycin pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method and the processing parameters were optimized by orthogonal design.The pellets were coated by fluid-bed method.The coating formulation was optimized according to the in vitro release test and impurity level.Results:The optimized formulation and procedure parameters of dirithromycin enteric-coated pellets were as follows:the ratio of excipients to drug was 1∶1,the extrusive speed was 300 r·min-1,the frequency of spheronization was 200 r·min-1 and rotation time was 4 minutes.The pellets containing 8% weight gain of subcoating and 30% weight gain of enteric coating met the USP enteric claim for the long term stability of 12 months.Conclusion:The procedure was simple,feasible and replicable.It is worth further development for the industrial production of the dirithromycin enteric-coated pellets.


An Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM; Aerodyne Inc.) was deployed at a site north of Mexico City from November 13, 2013 to April 30, 2014 to investigate the seasonal variability of the chemical composition of submicron particles. The ACSM provides real time information on mass concentration of the non-refractory main species (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride and organic compounds) in particulate matter less than 1 μm (NR-PM 1 ) with a 30-min time resolution. Meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction), as well as concentrations of black carbon, PM 1 , PM 2.5 , CO, SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , and O 3 , were also measured. The total NR-PM 1 mass concentrations plus black carbon (which must be close to the PM 1 total mass) showed a good correlation with PM 1 mass concentration measured with a Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-Balance, an indication of the soundness of the ACSM data. In average, the composition of the aerosol as well as its diurnal variability were similar to observations in previous studies using  similar instruments (MCMA-2003 and MILAGRO). However, it was observed that the aerosol was persistently acidic during November and December probably due to a higher relative humidity, lower temperature, and more frequent winds from the NW, where the Tula industrial complex is located. A lower concentration of ammonia (NH 3 ) in the gas phase might affect the PM acidity too. These results suggest a seasonal variability in the aerosol chemistry in Mexico City, which should be verified with more long-term studies.


Different SOI MOSFET structures for sub 0.1 /spl mu/m gate lengths are discussed. To reduce short-channel effects such as DIBL (drain induced barrier lowering) and subthreshold slope degradation, thin SOI films have to be used, which causes high source and drain resistance and low threshold voltage problems. These problems can be solved using midgap gate materials, elevated or Schottky S and D structures and multiple gates. The use of ground-plane structures improves the short-channel effects but increase the body effect, while the use of multiple gates (double gate, triple gate, etc.) improves all device characteristics and increase the current drive. SOI seems well adapted to future low-power VLSI electronics.


Objective To construct a recombinant plasmid expressing human microdystrophin gene fused with VP22 ofhmnan herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1),and investigate the expression of microdystrophin in vitro and the characteristics of VP22-mediated protein transduction.Methods Full length HSV-1 VP22 gene was amplified by PCR from the plasmid pSINrep5-VP22 and cloned into the eukatyotic expression vector pAVXl to conslruct recombinant plasmid pAVP22.Microdystrophin cDNA was obtained from the recombinant plasmid pBSK-MICRO digested with Not Ⅰ,and the product Was inserted into plasmid pAVP22 to construct the plasmid pAVP22-MICDYS. 3T3 cells were transfected with pAVP22-MICDYS,and the expression of microdystrophin was detected by RT-PCR,Western blotting and immtmocytochemislry.The supematant of 3T3 cells transfected with pAVP22-MICDYS were collected to infect human mesenchymal cells(MSCs),and the expression of the fusion protein VP22-microdystrophin in the cells was detected using immunohistochemistry to assess VP22-mediated protein transduction. Results The recombinant plasmid expressing microdystrophin-VP22 fusion gene capable of in vitro expression of the fusion protein was constructed successfully.VP22 was shown to enhance the expression efficiency of microdystrophin in 3T3 cells and transduce VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein from 3T3 cells to human MSCs. Conclusion The recombinant plasmid expressing microdystrophin-VP22 fusion gene with protein transduction capacity provides an important basis for further study of the fusion protein in treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Key words:
Microdystrophin gene; Herpes simplex virus 1 VP22; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Protein transduction


Different from identity-based encryption scheme, an attribute-based encryption scheme is a scheme in which each user is identified by a set of attributes, and some function of those attributes is used to determine decryption ability for each ciphertext. But key escrow problem is also the inherent problem in attribute-based encryption scheme. To avoid the problem of key escrow, this paper presents an attribute-based encryption scheme by use of another secret key that the KGC cannot obtain. Following, based on a concrete attribute-based encryption scheme insecure against malicious KGC, we give a scheme secure against malicious KGC. Furthermore, compared with the original scheme, our scheme doesn't increase the length of the public key and the ciphertext. The security of our scheme is obtained directly from the security of the original scheme.


In today's urban schools, a new approach to teaching math and science is being developed. Teachers are learning that by tending to students' social and emotional well being, they have greater success teaching. Edited by a stellar group, which includes both psychologists and teachers, this vital resource shares proven strategies for improving academic performance among school age children such as: Discussions of the effect of "tracking" in schools on the students; The particular needs of minority students; Preparing students for a technology driven world in the classroom; The recent findings of the Third International Math and Science Study


Tune and optimize Zabbix to maximize performance About This BookGet up to speed with the ins and outs of Zabbix's performance issues and their causesIdentify the root cause of underperformance affecting implementation, and turn it around to your benefit.A comprehensive guide, taking an engaging and conversational approach to making administrator and end user work easy by eliminating all Zabbix-related performance problemsWho This Book Is For This book is aimed at Zabbix administrators who want to learn how to improve the performance of the Zabbix system. Basic knowledge of Zabbix's components and features is assumed.What You Will Learn Identify Zabbix's numerous ways of tuning and find the best match for your environment Familiarize yourself with tools including web servers, database servers, storage, and the support system of Zabbix Discover the most common performance configuration errors made by administrators Explore the importance of the Zabbix proxy in your deployment Learn why keeping the Zabbix SIA updated is key to dealing with performance issues Master the art of efficiently troubleshooting Zabbix's performance In DetailPerformance is one of the main issues that every administrator faces at one point or another. This book will help you to identify and mitigate it.The book starts with an introduction to Zabbix and the most common mistakes that are usually overlooked while deploying it. You will discover the importance of an impressive and easy-to-use front-end and how to develop one, along with comparisons between Apache, Ngnix, and lighttpd web servers. Storage, as an important aspect of every deployment, is covered and you will be shown how to choose the right storage system for you and configure it to suit your deployment.Towards the end of the book, you will walk through the intricacies of the operating system; the final piece of the puzzle that holds all the components together. You will then dive into advanced topics including using a specific piece of hardware for each of the components, the Zabbix proxy, and firewall settings. By the end of the book, you will be able to tune your Zabbix implementation to achieve maximum performance.


Raised in Britain, journalist Alistair Cooke received American citizenship in 1941. From his adopted home in New York, Cooke dedicated his career to protecting the Anglo-American alliance. Through his BBC radio broadcast, Letter from America, Cooke tried to combat British anti-Americanism with honest discussion of America. Utilizing his knowledge of Britain, Cooke tailored the tone and content of his discussions to a British audience. In the Cold War period he transferred discussion of Anglo-American relations from Washington and London to the sitting room, in an effort to encourage real friendship between the two nations. Unaffiliated with the American government, Cooke was free to discuss any aspect of American life and he focused on the American people. His lack of affiliation, and unique position as a British-born American citizen, made Cooke a successful, albeit unofficial, ambassador for Anglo-American relations.


The separate-universe approach provides an effective description of cosmological perturbations at large scales, where the universe can be described by an ensemble of independent, locally homogeneous and isotropic patches. By reducing the phase space to homogeneous and isotropic degrees of freedom, it greatly simplifies the analysis of large-scale fluctuations. It is also a prerequisite for the stochastic-inflation formalism. In this work, we formulate the separate-universe approach in the Hamiltonian formalism, which allows us to analyse the full phase-space structure of the perturbations. Such a phase-space description is indeed required in dynamical regimes which do not benefit from a background attractor, as well as to investigate quantum properties of cosmological perturbations. We find that the separate-universe approach always succeeds in reproducing the same phase-space dynamics for homogeneous and isotropic degrees of freedom as the full cosmological perturbation theory, provided that the wavelength of the modes under consideration are larger than some lower bound that we derive. We also compare the separate-universe approach and cosmological perturbation theory at the level of the gauge-matching procedure, where the agreement is not always guaranteed and requires specific matching prescriptions that we present.


The purpose service is carried out to utilize coconut belt waste so that it can beutilized andeven have economic value. This activity is asocialization involving students from the Geography Education Study Program and the community in Nagari Sungai Sariak, to be able to utilize coconut coir waste. There sult sof community service regarding the socialization of theuse of coconut coir waste to improve the welfare of Nagari Sungai Sariak are in the for mofdoormats. Doormat products can beused for house hold needs and even sold to increase the welfare of the community.


This paper discusses approximation local search algorithms for uncapacitated facility location problems (UFLP) and its new property inactual computation. This paper firstly presents an analysis result of approximation algorithm about UFLP by using local search, then it discusses therunning time and the quality of solutions through computer verification of local search algorithm.


In this paper, ELFU (extended least frequently used), a new data replacement algorithm based on the characteristics of continuous media services, is presented. This algorithm reduces the video page miss ratio by conducting an active replacement policy. First, the characteristics of continuous media services are studied thoroughly. Second, the storage model of continuous media server is expounded. Then a new data replacement algorithm——ELFU is put forward based on the characteristics and storage model. The implementation of this algorithm is described in detail, and the simulation result is also mentioned.


This paper proposes a task scheduling algorithm for multi/many-core systems. To increase the quality of results on the low computational complexity, our algorithm uses two static priorities which are switched during task scheduling. In our experiments, we compared the proposed algorithm with a state-of-the-art algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields the better schedule results than the existing algorithm.


Extensive analysis has recently been presented on the applications of nanofluids in heat transfer developments. The primary concern of this work is to excogitate the flow features of blood flow with the inclusion of gold plated nanoparticles. In this regard, the Casson fluid model was adopted to simulate the transportation of blood flow. The momentum features of flowing fluid are divulged by incorporating magnetization and porosity aspects whereas thermal attributes of concerned flow are anticipated under nonlinearized radiating thermal flux. Formulated governing expressions are transmuted into the system of the nonlinearized ordinary differential structure by implementing appropriate conversion. The solution is headed by implementing an efficient build in routine renowned as bvp4c based on the finite differencing. The impacts of the involved parameters on the resulting dimensionless profiles are discussed thoroughly. The results indicating that the velocity in radial direction declines with augmenting the nanoparticle volume fraction, while the velocity in the azimuthal direction and the temperature upsurge. Besides, the velocities in the radial and azimuthal directions augment due to rotation parameter and the temperature shrinks.


A model using wake oscillators is developed to predict the 2D motion in a transverse plan of a rigid cylinder in a flow. This model of the wake dynamics is validated on a single cylinder for which we consider both transverse and in-line response. The good agreement between the model and the experimental results allows to use this model as a simple computation tool in the prediction of 2D Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) and after futher development Wake-Induced Oscillations (WIO) effects.


Traditional forms of mentoring offer graduate students a support system to assist them through their education. Many times these traditional forms of mentorship can be augmented by other support mechanisms. This phenomenon is especially true in engineering education because of the interdisciplinary nature of the discipline. In this work, we explore engineering education graduate students' self-reported value in regards to their participation in a multi-institution peer mentorship program. Further, we identify if and in what ways such a program supports graduate students' development towards becoming emerging scholars in the field of engineering education.


The purpose of this chapter is to invite readers into a discussion of experiences with and perspectives on creating safer spaces in education. Dialog has been used to demonstrate analytical processes and meaning-making, as well as aspects of "space" in education research. This dialog represents a safe space to share and access insights, experiences, and reactions to the ways in which we can foster safer spaces in education for our students and ourselves.


Measured wind turbine power curves are significantly influenced by the turbulence intensity. A large part of this effect is due to the averaging of the power curve measurement data over 10-minute periods. This makes a comparison of measured power curves with guaranteed power curves difficult. In addition, the effect limits the applicability of guaranteed power curves for wind resource assessments, as the site specific turbulence intensity may differ from the reference turbulence intensity of the guaranteed power curve. An easy to handle approach for the normalisation of wind turbine power curve data to a reference turbulence intensity has been developed and suggested to the maintenance team of the standard IEC 61400-12-1 [1] for the inclusion in the next revision of the standard [2]. The model allows also adjusting a power curve given for a reference turbulence intensity to a site specific turbulence intensity, e.g. for the purpose of wind resource assessments. The method can further be applied for: ● check of plausibility of power curves ● evaluation of potential for optimisation of wind turbine power performance ● estimation of effect of limitation of power output, e.g. due to noise reduced operation or grid curtailment ● estimation of effect of an increase of rated power Apart of the turbulence intensity, also the wind shear has a significant influence on wind turbine power curves. Thus, also a simple approach for normalising power curves to a reference wind shear has been developed and suggested for the improvement of the standard IEC 61400-12-1.


▶ Fig. 1 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Illustrated depiction of EUSdirected transgastric intervention for management of walledoff necrosis in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. Endoscopic access to the gastric remnant is provided by way of a gastrogastric fistula created via a lumen-apposing metal stent. A prospective randomized study of colonoscopy using blue laser Imaging and white light imaging in detection and differentiation of colonic polyps Tiing Leong Ang et al. Endosc Int Open 2019: doi:10.1055/a-0982-3111


Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is a useful interconnect technique for three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. With the TSV, a compact and low power system is achievable. In this paper, the impact of TSV on the energy consumption of 3D-integrated solid-state drives (SSDs) is analyzed, including the all NAND flash SSD, hybrid memory-type storage class memory (M-SCM)/NAND flash SSD, and all storage-type SCM (S-SCM) SSD. From the experimental results, 22%, 23%, and 30% energy consumption reductions are obtained for the all NAND flash SSD, hybrid M-SCM/NAND flash SSD, and all S-SCM, respectively, compared with the SSD system without using TSV. Further, the energy consumption reduction increases with the number of chips for all S-SCM SSD. When 8 S-SCM chips are used for the all S-SCM SSD, 75% energy consumption reduction is obtained at 1066 MHz I/O frequency. Moreover, the all NAND flash SSD write throughput saturates at 400 MHz NAND I/O frequency yet the write throughput of all S-SCM SSD increases with the S-SCM I/O frequency beyond 1066 MHz. Therefore, a 1066 MHz SCM I/O frequency is recommended for the all S-SCM SSD and 400 MHz NAND I/O frequency is recommended for all NAND flash SSD.


The present invention provides a layered barrier product which has a structure configured of adjoining layers that comprise an inorganic layer, an organic layer, and an inorganic layer in this order, wherein the organic layer was obtained by applying a polymerizable composition to form a layer thereof and curing the layer, the polymerizable composition comprising: a (meth)acrylate which, at 25oC and 1 atm, is a solid or a liquid that in the uncured state has a viscosity of 400 mPa·s or higher and which has a (meth)acrylic equivalent of 260 or less, the amount of the (meth)acrylate being 50 wt.% or more on a solid basis; and a silane coupling agent which contains a (meth)acryloyloxy group. The organic layer was inhibited from foaming.


Considerable information has been provided in early project proposals and more was gathered in preparation for the mission. An analysis based only this information will not be able to address some issues, such as specific needs for staff training and the appropriateness of current conservation practices in the museums, which would be better address in conversations on site. Nevertheless, the report will address many other points that can advance the development of the project.


Volume 2, Issue 4 July – August 2013 Page 102 Abstract: The basis of the proposed algorithm is the observation that the constant color difference assumption tends to fail across edges. A commercial digital camera captures only one of these channels at each pixel location and the other two needs to be estimated to generate the complete color information this process is called color filter array (CFA) interpolation. Most commercial digital cameras are provided three color sensors(RGB) for quality color images.In order to reduce the cost, the use of one sensor per channel has been avoided with the use of color filter array (CFA) in front of the sensor and then interpolates the missing color samples to obtain a three channel color image. This interpolation introduces special correlations which are likely to be destroyed when tampering with an image. The red and blue images are sampled at a lower rate, so if standard interpolation techniques are used, the reconstructed red and blue images will be missing some high frequency information and could contain distortions from aliasing. This paper proposes a method of CFA interpolation that combines information from the green image with the subsampled red and blue images to attack these problems. The green highfrequency information is added to the interpolated red and blue images to increase the sharpness of the output and is also used to estimate the aliasing in the interpolated red and blue images, providing a means of reducing the appearance of of the aliasing distortions.


The present invention relates to a radial vibration sandwich piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer. A piezoelectric ceramic ring is arranged between a metal inner ring and a metal outer ring, the upper end surfaces of the metal inner ring, the metal outer ring and the piezoelectric ceramic ring are in the same plane, and lower end surfaces are also in the same plane. The metal inner ring and the metal outer ring can adopt steel rings, aluminum rings, brass or purple copper rings, titanium rings, aluminum nickel copper alloy rings and titanium alloy rings. The present invention realizes the high efficiency work of a radial composite transducer through a radial prestress impressed by the inner and outer metal rings, and realizes the parameter optimization of the transducer through reasonably designing the geometry size of the inner and outer metal rings simultaneously, such as resonance frequency, frequency bandwidth as well as electromechanical coupling coefficient. The present invention can be used for the high efficiency omni-directional acoustic source underwater and all kinds of supersonic processing high efficiency supersonic source in liquid.


Abstract Bats of the temperate region of North America avoid winter by some combination of migration and hibernation at a location that provides the right conditions for minimizing energy expenditure over winter. Such optimal conditions are commonly found underground, and most of the best known hibernacula occur in caves or mines. Where winters are milder, some bat species hibernate in hollows in trees. Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, has the dual distinction of being relatively far north in terms of bat distribution, but with a relatively moderate oceanic climate. We hypothesized that because of the moderate winter temperatures, hibernating in trees could be an option for bats on Haida Gwaii. We used data loggers to monitor temperatures inside potential roost trees during 9 winters between 2002–2003 and 2012–2013. We found that mean winter temperature inside the trees ranged from 2.3–6.5°C, and in most years temperatures either did not drop below freezing or else did so only for short periods of time. We calculated that a 6 g bat would have required between 2.49–2.92 g of fat to hibernate in the tree roosts that we monitored, which is well within the limits that Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) are known to accumulate in autumn. Our acoustic data demonstrated that California Myotis (Myotis californicus) were periodically active during all winter months except December, which we view as evidence that this bat hibernates locally either in trees or buildings. The absence of Little Brown Myotis, Keen's Myotis (Myotis keenii) and Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) observations during winter suggests that they may either use more common hibernacula, such as caves, or migrate off the islands.


The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,length of hospital stay,postoperative recurrence rate and complication rates are analyzed on 300 cases of pediatric patients with inguinal hernia treated with minimally invasive incision inguinal hernia from 8- month old to 9- year old in recent five years. It is suggested studying pediatric inguinal hernia of etiology and pathogenesis,treatment and complication prevention and observing the clinical curative effect of minimally invasive incision surgery to provide more effective treatment method.


ABSTRACT Although gratitude research has begun to examine how gratitude to God or a divine being relates to human behavior research on gratitude in romantic relationships has not yet addressed this type of gratitude. Because gratitude to God is typically expressed through prayer, this study examined whether generalized gratitude and prayers of gratitude were independently related to relationship satisfaction in 95 married couples. Data analysis using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model showed intrapersonal associations (actor effects) between both forms of gratitude and marital satisfaction. Wives' prayers of gratitude also predicted husbands' marital satisfaction but not vice versa. This gender difference is explained in terms of gender differences in religious involvement, in gratitude, and in awareness and expression of emotion. The need for including a theistic component in future marital research is emphasized and the implications for work in applied settings are outlined.


The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. (Genesis 2:7) Dust. Ordinary dust. Heart, lungs, brain, skin, and intestines work together after being formed from the dust of the ground. What the Lord did then, he still does today. He uses the ordinary things to accomplish the extraordinary. He takes ordinary people, calls them into his kingdom and then causes them to bloom where he plants them. They become a planting of the Lord that he might be glorified, "oaks of his righteousness" (Isaiah 61:3). It should not surprise us that our God wants to use the ordinary to accomplish the extraordinary. He had his Son become one of us with our human flesh and blood to bring salvation to us. "The Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory, the glory of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth" (John 1:14, KJV). The Christian faith is all about trust in the true God who uses the ordinary to bring about the miracle of salvation. Blood flowing from open wounds and dripping down from a cross provide a thorough and complete cleansing for all sin. Water, ordinary water in baptism, coupled with the Word provides forgiveness of sin, puts on Christ and creates new life. Ordinary unleavened bread and ordinary wine from the grapevine with the words of Jesus offer the body and blood of our Lord for the forgiveness of sin. The Lord also uses ordinary people to carry around the extraordinary as they bear about in their bodies the dying of the Lord Jesus Christ. "We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body" (2 Corinthians 4:10). God's ways are not our ways. "But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. He chose the lowly things of this world and the despised things-and the things that are not--to nullify the things that are, so that no one may boast before him" (1 Corinthians 1:27-29). A study of Christian vocation in the Scriptures is a fascinating journey into the mind of God "who hides himself" (Isaiah 45:15). The God who hides himself also reveals himself to us as a God who takes the ordinary things the world despises and uses them for his glory and his praise. We will be viewing what Scripture says about our vocation or calling by using the life of Abraham to look into the rest of Scripture. We will see how the Lord calls ordinary people like Abraham, even lets them exist in ordinary callings of life to accomplish the extraordinary for his kingdom.


This study evaluated the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers and liming, on humic, fulvic, and organic carbon fractions of an Inceptisol and an Oxisol grown with lettuce. The experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Department of Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It was performed with 5 levels of soil conditioner (0, 20, 40, 100, 200 L ha -1 ), 3 fertilizers (organic compost, chicken manure and mineral), and liming (present or absent) using five replications. In the Inceptisol essay, the liming contributed to a decrease in the organic-C content in the mineral and compost fertilized plots, and increased Caccumulation in the treatments under chicken manure. The organic fertilizer increased the content of C-humic acid and the relation Chumic/fulvic. In the Oxisol essay, the liming contributed to C-accumulation when related to the treatments without liming. Liming effects and fertilizers varied as a function of the analyzed organic fractions and C content.


A method is developed and subsequently used to study periodic solutions of (1) the one‐dimensional time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation, (2) an analog of the sine–Gordon equation, and (3) a special system of nonlinear equations associated with a problem of interface.


We guess, no one will blame us if we fully dedicate this EMS newsletter to the forthcoming EMC 2008 meeting. Jointly organised by the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the German Society for Electron Microscopy (DGE) and the local microscopists from the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen and the Research Centre Julich, the 14th European Microscopy Congress brings together scientists from all over Europe and beyond. Hosted by the Eurogress Centre at Aachen, EMC 2008 will give you the opportunity to present your own work, hear about the newest findings in the materials and life sciences, and learn about the latest developments in hardware and software – with the common denominator being the ever expanding field of microscopy.


The reality of information technologies of the last two decades has been transforming incredibly quickly. New systems for collecting, processing, and transmitting data are constantly emerging. Following them, more modern models of communication are being created. As a result, the former models of information exchange, which only yesterday seemed relevant and in demand, today are being forced out to the "periphery". In such rapidly changing conditions, the problem of studying the ontological aspects of political communication is especially acute. This article attempts to systematize and comparatively analyze the key aspects of information exchange in politics in the latest technological conditions.


To improve the adaptability of existing vehicle detection algorithms in complex traffic circumstances,a robust detection algorithm based on co-training from semi-supervised learning methods was proposed.First,according to a small number of humanly labeled samples,two classifiers were trained,which were AdaBoost based on Haar-like features and the SVM(support vector machines) based on HOG(histograms of oriented gradients) features,respectively,so that both of them had some identification ability.Second,on the basis of co-training from semi-supervised learning framework,the new samples gained from the two algorithms above were added to mutual sample sets to increase the number of training samples,and the train was repeated.Due to the redundancy these two features had,the detected positive and negative samples would contain the images which were missed out or falsely detected mutually.Because of the increasing number of samples,the robustness of the new re-training classifiers has been greatly improved so that the classifiers can detect the vehicles accurately.Besides,there will be no need to mark artificially,but to classify and mark the unlabeled samples by the algorithms.Therefore,it can highly improve the adaptability of vehicle detection algorithm.


The transition to the improved confinement mode by the electrode biasing was observed for the first time in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The negative resistance was observed in the confinement mode sustained by the cold electrode biasing. The electrode current showed the clear decrease against to the increase in the electrode voltage and had hysteresis in the transition phenomena. The decrease in the electrode current suggested the improvement of the radial particle transport. The increase in the energy confinement time and remarkable suppression of the density fluctuation, which correspond to the transition, were also observed. These results indicated that the electrode biased plasma in LHD showed the similar improvements in confinement to the observations in the H-mode plasma in tokamaks and stellarators.