One hundred and fifty mg/kg of psilocybin per os, 1 g/kg of mescaline per os, or a 30% increase in body weight made spiders build webs the following day with a shorter thread. The weight increase also caused a thicker thread measured as higher nitrogen content per meter thread. This can be explained by assuming that the heavier spider has to build a thicker thread to hold its own weight while it has not enough material to build it of equal length. Removal of weight led only after 3 and more days to a return to thread thickness and length of control webs. However, these heavier spiders repeated their web-building at a normal frequency. The shorter thread after psilocybin application was not thicker nor were any changes in web proportions observed. Further increase in the dose of psilocybin caused a dose-dependent decrease in web-building frequency, and none out of 33 spiders whlich had received 6 g/kg psilocybin built a web on the following day. This may be comparable to the relaxing effect of psilocybin in higher animals or be attributed to an effect on thread production. The mescaline webs with shorter threads also showed a smaller catching area and more irregular angles. A higher dose diminished web-building too. The ratio between effective doses of mescaline and psiloeybin was about 1:10 measured as changes in thread length or web-building frequency, with psilocybin being the more potent drug.


Background: Family caregivers of patient with schizophrenia face many problems related to caregiving as, stress, anxiety and a high level of expressed emotion, the permanent negative expressed emotion of caregiving are likely to generate relapse and increase rehospitalization the Aim of study schizophrenia patient. : This study aimed to evaluate the effect of family caregiver expressed emotion control program on relapse among patients with schizophrenia. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Psychiatric Mental Health Hospital in Benha City, Qalyubiya Government. The hospital is affiliated to General Secretariat of Mental Health. Sample: Convenience subject of 40 family caregivers were chosen for conducting this study. Tools of Data collection: Three tools were used, I: Sociodemographic questionnaire for patients with schizophrenia and family caregivers. II: A caregivers' knowledge questionnaire about the schizophrenia and relapse and III: Expressed emotions scale. Results: There was highly statistically significant correlation between total patterns of expressed emotion and total knowledge during pre/ post program implementation at (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Family caregivers of patient with schizophrenia had high levels of expressed emotion, which decreased after implementation of the family caregiver expressed emotion control program. Recommendations: Designing a systematically continuous family intervention programs in psychiatric hospitals to provide proper information and psychological support that help the family caregivers to handle the difficult thoughts and emotions, reduce negative expressed emotion and reduce relapse of patients.


Soil fertility is frequently a limitation to sustainable agriculture and restoration of forests on degraded lands, especially in developing tropical countries. Nutrient use efficiency, which is a an indicator of the effectiveness with which essential elements facilitate productivity, has broad applicability to this problem. A concept that is useful across scales ranging from single leaves to whole plant communities, nutrient use efficiency has been assessed more than a dozen ways, using at least twice that many variables. Despite the variation in method of calculation and underlying assumptions, many indices of nutrient use efficiency share properties across scales of time and size. Thus, they offer promise of cross-scale linkages among them that will be important to land managers. High efficiency of nutrient vse can be achieved many ways, ranging from genetic selection for leaf biochemistry that leads to high photosynthetic output, to assembly of communities of plants that fully exploit the soil. By keeping nutrient efficiency high among the criteria for ecosystem design, it should be possible to develop sustainable land use systems that require only enough fertilizer to replace amounts removed in harvest and to restore forests on degraded lands so that they again yield goods and services useful to people.


Extract: Erythrocyte stromal lipid analysis has been performed on 26 healthy children spanning the age groups from 6 months to 14 years of age. Total lipid, lipid phosphorus and cholesterol per cell are similar in children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years. These values, in milligrams, for the 6–12 month age group are (4.42 ± 0.42) X 10-10, (0.98 ± 0.08) X 10-11 and (1.22 ± 0.04) X 10-10, respectively. After 6 years of age, there is an increase toward the adult values, with children in the 10–14 year age group having values, in milligrams per cell, of: total lipid, (4.83 ± 0.32) X 10-10; lipid phosphorus, (1.15 ± 0.10) X 10-11; cholesterol, (1.26 ± 0.06) X 10-10. Changes in cell lipid content reflect primarily changes in cell size over the age period studied. In the younger age groups, the percentage of total lipid as phospholipid is lower and that as cholesterol is higher than in children over age 6 and in adults (age group 6–12 months, percentage of total lipid as phosphorus = 2.22 ± 0.05, that as cholesterol = 27.7 ± 3.0; age group 10–14 yr, percentage as phosphorus = 2.39 ±0.17, percentage as cholesterol = 26.1 ± 1.8). Phospholipid fractionation reveals a consistent level of sphingomyelin so that average values for all age groups studied range only from 23.9% to 24.4% of total phospholipid. Phosphatidyl choline is lowest in the youngest children studied (25.5% in age 6–12 months), and increases to adult levels after 6 years of age (28.8% in age group 6–10 yr; 28.2% in age group 10–14 yr). Consequently, the ratio of sphingomyelin phosphatidyl choline more closely approximates the neonatal value below 6 yr and the lower adult value after 6 yr. Fatty acids es-terified to phospholipid remain relatively constant throughout the age groups studied and do not differ markedly from adult values by the end of the first year of life.


Fertilization is essential for propagation of species and their evolution . It is the process of union of male and female gametes resulting in the formati on of a zygote . Thereafter implantation and growth of the fetus takes place in the uterus till delivery . So formation of a baby from the period of conception till delivery depends upon the factors such as fertile period, healthy uterus, nutrition from the mother and healthy sperms . The proper knowledge about all these factors will definitely lead to the production of a healthy offspring . This concept is well explained in Ayurvedic classics as healthy progeny will be formed when there is proper union of Rutu ( fertile period ) , Kshetra ( Uterus ) , Ambu ( Nutrition ) and Beeja ( Gamete ) in their superior state .


The paper describes finite element studies of an unreinforced masonry wall panel supported on the bottom and sides, and unsupported on the top, with no vertical surcharge. The analysis is based on a discrete cracking model, termed a block-interface model, using elastic volume elements to model masonry material, and surface contact elements to model mortar joints. After discussing the effects of mesh configuration, the behavior of the model is interpreted in terms of yield line theory, and a modified version of yield line theory is presented, using simplifying assumptions to account for the observed behavior of the finite element model. Comparison of the finite element results with the yield line results shows that the yield line analysis predicts a somewhat lower failure load, but reasonably approximates the pattern of failure. The paper concludes that the computationally intensive block-interface model is primarily useful in developing deeper knowledge of the two-way behavior of unreinforced walls in order to develop more practical methods such as the modified yield line method presented in the paper. 1 Assistant Professor of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Department of Architecture, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22903


Due to the ageing population, real-time and autonomous health monitoring is an emerging priority in ambient assisted living. In this work, a wireless sensor network is proposed for home environments by which the sensors are dualmode radars, enabling concurrent remote localization of a person (i.e., without use of a tag) and fall detection. We elaborate on the network architecture, and in particular on the signaling as to enable real-time data processing (i.e., max. delay is 0.3 s) combined with radar-based wireless sensing. The approach is successfully demonstrated experimentally.


Deficits in verbal memory, attention and executive functions persist within euthymic phases in bipolar adults, adolescents, and children. Outcome data of medicated pediatric bipolar patients showed improvements comparing unstable baseline status with stabilized follow-up, but deficits remained between patients and healthy controls in executive functions, verbal memory and visual-spatial tasks. The main aim of this study was to compare the performance of 20 young stabilized type I or II bipolar patients, diagnosed and medicated for at least two years, and 20 healthy controls matched in age and gender. Evaluation included clinical symptomatology (YMRS, BDI, ADHD-RS), functioning (studies level, labor situation, substance use) and neuropsychological battery (intellectual estimation, attention, working memory, verbal learning, visual memory, visual-spatial skills and speed, phonemic fluency and executive functioning). Chi-square test was used to compare categorical measures and t-test for numeric measures. No significative differences emerged in current level of studies, labor status, substance use nor manic symptoms. Significative differences appeared in depressive and ADHD symptoms and some neuropsychological functions, as intellectual quotient and visual memory, worse in EOBD than HC. Trends but not significative deficits were shown in visual-spatial skills, verbal learning, working memory and set-shifting. Longitudinal studies are needed.


A number of recent articles have demonstrated the existence of widely held misperceptions and misunderstandings about the nature of "absolute pitch." Fundamentally, absolute pitch is a cognitive ability that relies on self-referencing (to an internalized pitch template), and a highly developed coding mechanism that links verbal labels with abstract representations of perceptual input. Many researchers in genetics, cybernetics, and other fields (e.g. Baharloo, et al., 1998; Drayna, 1998) labor under the misconception that absolute pitch involves more highly developed perceptual mechanisms, whereas the preponderance of evidence is that absolute pitch ability is an ability of long term memory and linguistic coding (Levitin, 1996). Further, many equate "absolute pitch" with "perfect pitch" whereas in fact, absolute pitch possessors do not perceive pitch any better than non-absolute pitch possessors.


Many real-world applications of multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), such as multi-robot navigation and decentralized control of cyber-physical systems, involve the cooperation of agents as a team with aligned objectives. We study multi-agent RL in the most basic cooperative setting — Markov teams — a class of Markov games where the cooperating agents share a common reward. We propose an algorithm in which each agent independently runs stage-based V-learning (a Q-learning style algorithm) to efficiently explore the unknown environment, while using a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) subroutine for policy updates. We show that the agents can learn an ε -approximate Nash equilibrium policy in at most ∝ (cid:101) O (1 /ε 4 ) episodes. Our results advocate the use of a novel stage-based V-learning approach to create a stage-wise stationary environment. We also show that under certain smoothness assumptions of the team, our algorithm can achieve a nearly team-optimal Nash equilibrium. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical findings. One key feature of our algorithm is being decentralized , in the sense that each agent has access to only the state and its local actions, and is even oblivious to the presence of the other agents. Neither communication among teammates nor coordination by a central controller is required during learning. Hence, our algorithm can readily generalize to an arbitrary number of agents, without suffering from the exponential dependence on the number of agents.


In many cases it is possible to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion if two foundational principles are maintained. The starting point for reconstruction of the vertical dimension of occlusion must be with the mandibular condyles in centric relation. Reconstruction must be within range of neuromuscular adaptation for each individual patient.


Unusual and distinct hydroacoustic targets were observed in November 1996, May 1998 and November 1998 during routine pelagic biomass surveys off the south coast of South Africa. During the November 1996 survey, seven such targets were observed near the bottom at depths of 115–125 m, directly south of the traditional inshore spawning grounds of chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii at Cape St Francis. The targets were close to prominent seabed ridges and extended 30–40 m off the bottom. In May 1998, three similar targets were observed at depths 55–80 m off Plettenberg Bay, another well-known squid spawning site. The shallowest target was identified, by means of a midwater trawl, as a mixture of mature male and female chokka. During the November 1998 survey, nine similar targets were again observed on the squid spawning grounds at Cape St Francis, also adjacent to seabed ridges. Drawing on fisheries hydroacoustic experience and knowledge of chokka squid spawning behaviour, the targets are believed to be aggregations of spawning squid.


During the developing process of oil and gas reservoirs, particles deposited in pore-throats may result in the decrease of its effective radius and capability for fluid flowing through. For studying the influence of deposited particles on the pore-throat radius and its changing rule, the formula for calculating the effective radius is obtained based on the capillary model and theoretical derivation. Besides, sensitive analysis is conducted for various parameters. The simulation results show that, the effective radius of pore-throats gets smaller with the increase of deposited particle radius and the decreasing rate is higher at the bigger particle size; the closer the particle deposits from the inlet face, the smaller of the effective radius is; besides, the effective radius of the porethroat will be much greater when the pore-throat has a bigger ratio value between the length and its width. In addition, a mathematical model for calculating the effective radius is proposed based on the regression fitting, which may provide a useful guidance for research on the formation damage.


The convergent method is combined with the Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm and an improved Gauss-Newton method for nonlinear least square is achieved.It is applied to parameter estimation for stationary target with range-only measurements.The simulation experiment results demonstrate that the improved method is not insensitive to measurement noise and has better convergence rate and precision.


Abstract : This report summarizes the finding of study PSTP 02-0347eSec Study on cyber Security and Threat Evaluation in SCADA Systems. The primary objective of the study was to support the e- Security Community of Practice by leading a study to fill the knowledge gap concerning the current cyber-threat environment affecting SCADA systems. This work is intended to enhance the resilience of Canada's critical infrastructure by providing direction to research and development programs and recommending best security practices. This primary objective is supported by the following complementary objectives: 1. To establish trusted relationships with private sector critical infrastructure SCADA operators; 2. To enable the production of research reports on the current cyber-threat environment to SCADA systems; 3. To contribute to the development of a cyber-threat management system for continued situational awareness; and 4. To contribute to the development of best practices for the security of SCADA systems.


The perception of pain depends upon signals carried by nerves to appropriate locations in the central nervous system. It is well known that when stretch receptors in the gastrointestinal tract are sti


In the title compound, [Tb(CH3CN)(C23H26O8)(H2O)3](ClO4)3, the Tb3+ atom is eight-coordinated by one N atom of an acetonitrile molecule, three water O atoms and four ligand O atoms. The Tb3+ atom is located on one side of the macrocycle and the carbonyl oxygen coordinated to the terbium [Tb1—O1= 2.210 (3) Å] is bent out of the xanthone plane by 0.514 (3) Å. The geometry around terbium is a distorted two-capped trigonal prism.


A method is presented relating the reactor coolant pump inlet fluid density to measurable pump parameters in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) under transient two-phase flow conditions. This method is based on simple one-dimensional pump theory with the result that pump electrical power or pump current can be used to monitor the inlet density. This local density, in turn, is related to the average density in a PWR primary system based on extensive experimental evidence from the Loss-of-Fluid Test facility (a scaled PWR system) as well as computer calculations of commercial PWR responses (Westinghouse and Babcock and Wilcox design). General guidelines as to the range of applicability of the method are given and a pump trip criteion is proposed that will allow continued pump operation and, hence, better recovery control, during a wider range of transient conditions than is currently permitted.


In this paper I study a model for credit risk in a portfolio of sovereign
bonds, based on (van der Hoorn, 2009). The model is based on historical
credit rating changes and the joint distribution of the losses for dier-
ent bonds is modeled with an assumption of an underlying multivariate
Gaussian variable. Dierent risk measures for the portfolio are calculated
using Monte Carlo simulations and the performance is improved by the
use of importance sampling. I investigate dierent methods on how to
improve the model and the estimation of the parameters of the model. I
also develop methods to valuate the certainty of the risk measures based
on a statistical view on the input data, which give clear indications that
the small size of input data gives low accuracy for the risk measures. An
attempt to write an algorithm to nd the optimal portfolio with respect
to the risk measures is also performed and the results are discussed.


Abstract : This report discusses a generalized stochastic network model which incoporates the key features of the Corps of Engineers' contract modifications and claims processing procedures. The results of simulating the network model with two different levels of Resident Contracting Officer (RCO) authority are presented. The models and simulation provide a quantitative measure of the modifications and claims system's performance on which a quantitative evaluation of proposed system changes can be based. (Author)


Pudukkottai is one of the ancient district in tamilnadu. Here groundwater is the most vital source of domestic and irrigation purpose in both rural and urban regions. This study is carried out to find the ground water quality by analysing the heavy metal concentration at different depth levels in alangudi, pudukkottai district, tamilnadu. To know the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater the thirty water samples were collected from five different depths levels such as below 50 ft, 50-100 ft ,100-250 ft , 250500 ft and above 500 ft in the study area. The concentration of heavy metals such as 'pb', 'cr', 'As', 'Mn', 'fe' are determined using" Atomic adsorption spectro photometer". Then the ground water quality was evaluated by the various index values like "Enrichment factor", "Metal pollution index", "Geo accumulation index" based on the above indices the study area is founded as very low degree of heavy metal pollution. This studies finally shows that the ground water quality is not affected majorly by the heavy metal even depth of bore well is increased in the study area.


Objective To investigate the exercise capacity of clinical cured patients with acute irritating gas poisoning by comparing pulmonary function test (PFT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) between the patients and the healthy people.Methods Fourteen clinical cured patients with acute irritating gas poisoning were collected as poisoning group,Fourteen healthy people were selected as control group.PFT,arterial blood gas (ABG) and CPET were tested in the two groups.Results ①There were statistical difference in Peak (V) O2,Peak (V) O2/Kg,Peak (V) E、Lowest (V) E/ (V) CO2 between the two groups (P <0.05).there were significant statistical difference in PeakLoad、VD/VT、PeakPETCO2 between the two groups (P <0.01).There were no statistical difference in Peak (V) O2 %pred、Peak O2 pulse and BR between the two groups (P >0.05).②There were no statistical difference in age,height,weight,pH,PaO2,PaCO2 and SaO2 between the two groups (P >0.05).③ Significant difference did not exist in the level of FEV1/FVC,FEV1,FEV1 % pred,RV/TLC,DLCO% pred,FVC% pred (P > 0.05).Conclusions The exercise tolerance and the efficiency of ventilation of the cured patients with acute irritating gas poisoning were decreased.We should strengthen the prevention and treatment of occupational acute irritating gas poisoning in order to reduce the loss of labour force to the most degree.

Key words:
Acute;  Irritating gas;  Poisoning ;  Cardiopulmonary exercise testing


The persistence and metabolism of "C-carbonylcentrations of 14C-carbonyl metabolites were delabeled carbaryl (1 -naphthyl methylcarbamate) and tected. 14C02 evolution from 14C-l ,4,5,8-ring3,5-xylyl methylcarbarnate were studied in five labeled naphthol in soil was only 8.2% after 60 different soil types at two concentrations. Persisdays. More than 70% of radioactivity was found tence was influenced by soil type and l4CO2 evolution to be linked to humic substances. Four metabolites, varied from 2.2 to 37.4% of initial radioactivity one of which was coumarin, were produced from during 32 days of incubation. Hydrolysis was the ring-labeled naphthol by a soil pseudomonad. main pathway of degradation, since very low con-


Abstract : Each year Naval officer selection boards select highly qualified officers for early promotion. These boards base their determinations upon the officers' records, primarily the Report on the Fitness of Officers. Presently, these reports do not contain sufficiently valid information for this purpose. This study proposes the use of peer ratings to increase the amount of valid information available to selection boards. From sociometric research conducted with peer ratings in the past 25 years, the validity and reliability of such ratings have been established. Based upon these findings, a model has been developed, which, if adopted for use, can provide selection boards with the degree of valid information required for the early promotion of outstanding officers.


The Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph will rely heavily on modeling and analysis throughout its mission lifecycle. Optical modeling is especially important, since the tolerances on the optics as well as scattered light suppression are critical for the mission's success. The high contrast imaging necessary to observe a planet orbiting a distant star requires new and innovative technologies to be developed and tested, and detailed optical modeling provides predictions for evaluating design decisions. It also provides a means to develop and test algorithms designed to actively suppress scattered light via deformable mirrors and other techniques. The optical models are used in conjunction with structural and thermal models to create fully integrated optical/structural/thermal models that are used to evaluate dynamic effects of disturbances on the overall performance of the coronagraph. The optical models we have developed have been verified on the High Contrast Imaging Testbed. Results of the optical modeling verification and the methods used to perform full three-dimensional near-field diffraction analysis are presented.


This paper describes the moderateness of Short-time Fourier Transform by the Caputo Fractional Derivative. Moreover, we consider some properties of the generalized STFT in extended Colmbeau Algebra.


Objective To prepare albumin microbubble with monoclonal antibody binding by Biotin-Avidin system.The stabilization and specificity of these microbubbles modified were explored in vitro studies.Methods Avidin(Av) was incorporated into the shell of albumin MBs(Av-MBs) and served as an anchor that links Av-MBs to biotinylated monoclonal antibodies(mAbs).This novel linking strategy was used to conjugate Av-PESDA-MBs to mouse anti-human Hab18G/CD147 monoclonal antibodies.Agglutination test was used to detect whether antibody biding with the modified microbubbles.The hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell line and hepatic satellite cells were use to detect the targeting function of the modified microbubbles.Results The modified microbubbles were positive in slide agglutination test.Hab18 specific MBs can bound to HCC cells,other than HSC.Conclusion The antibody can be effectively bound to the shell of albumin microbubbles by Biotin-Avidin system with two-step-preparation.


In this paper, we report anomalous behavior of transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in halo implanted MOSFET for linear and saturation regions across both gate and body biases. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics undergo sharp change of slope in saturation which cannot be modeled by conventional compact models. The cause of such behavior is identified and explained using the TCAD simulations of source side halo, drain side halo (DH), both side halos, and uniformly doped transistors. An analytical model, based on the equivalent conductance of the halo device, is developed to understand the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> behavior. It is shown that the commonly used approach where only the DH region is considered in saturation, is insufficient to model the atypical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> behavior. The effect of oxide thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {ox}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) variation on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is also studied, which demonstrates a deviation from the conventional <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> behavior for halo implanted devices with thicker <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {ox}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A computationally efficient SPICE model is proposed to model <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics which shows excellent matching with the measured data.


Summary: We assessed the relationship between maternal hypertension during pregnancy and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 263 infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or less. Two‐hundred and twenty‐three mothers were normotensive and 40 were hypertensive. RDS occurred significantly more commonly in infants of hypertensive mothers than in controls (60% vs 33%; p = 0.001). The association between maternal hypertension and an increased rate of RDS remained after adjustment for differences between groups with respect to gestational age, mode of delivery, administration of antenatal steroids and other complications of pregnancy, except for delivery in the absence of labour. The increased rate of RDS related to the severity of hypertension but did not relate to the duration of hypertension or to maternal treatment with beta‐blockers. In those infants who developed RDS there was no significant difference in the severity of the illness between the hypertensive group and the controls.


The importance of documenting the plants of Mexico is undeniable considering its status as a country with biological megadiversity on one hand and the accelerated destruction of its ecosystems on the other. Ten years ago we started to compile species lists and literature for the monocotyledons that grow in Mexico, in an attempt to at least partially remedy the current lack of botanical knowledge that exists in the country. Individual electronic databases of nomenclature, bibliography, and herbarium specimens were developed. Currently these databases contain 15,560, 6,700, and 42,000 records, respectively. To date we have registered for the country 4,529 species (or 4,797 taxa including subspecies and varieties) distributed in 619 genera and 60 families (sensu Dahlgren & al., 1985). Of the total number of families, seven include only introduced representatives, whereas the other 53 possess at least some native species. The number of native species is 4,424 (4,693 taxa including subspecies and varieties). A comparison of the data obtained by us together with data reported in various floristic lists of Mexican states, as well as that from some completed regional floras, allows us to obtain statistical estimates that indicate Mexico should possess between 21,300 and 24,601 species of angiosperms. As a final perspective on the importance of the Mexican flora, if the estimate of number of seed plant species in the world is really 223,300 (Scotland & Wortley, 2003), and if we accept the estimate of number of species for Mexico as 24,601, then Mexico would have 11.01 % of the total seed plant species diversity of the entire planet.


With the rapid development of the global satellite positioning technology, computer technology, networking and communications technology, the network RTK has been becoming increasingly mature, with its application span increasingly enlarged as well. Accordingly, the application of network RTK in the relevant engineering survey are becoming more and more increasingly popular, along with its efficiency, high precision and reliability wining the favor of the majority of surveyors. This article illustrates the principles of network RTK, processes and the application of the measurement in road construction, hoping that could provide relevant theoretical references for technical staff.


SUMMARY Recent years have seen rapid developments in trend and cycle estimation. The Kalman filter approach to detrending has been used by several historians to interpret macroeconomic time series for the UK since the 18th century. In this paper we apply this detrending technique to UK national income and investment data to highlight both the usefulness of the approach and its limitations. In particular we argue that it cannot be regarded as a neutral arbiter of historical disputes because of the important role played by historical judgment and underlying economic theories. Yet this does not detract from the method but rather increases its usefulness as a heuristic device.


Lenin's book One Step Forward, Two Steps Back is one of those works that rank among the gold reserves of the theory of party building, that is a scientific guideline for any truly Communist party.


As the eye surgeon adjusts the operating microscope, or aligns his laser beam, he should pause and reflect; his sophisticated specialty comes from a very humble beginning. In a medical dictionary written in 1795, G. Motherby simply divides eye disease into ophthalmia of an inflammatory nature, and an ophthalmia that included everything else. We are told that some of the major causes of ophthalmia are cold air, dust, and overexposure to vivid colors. Interestingly enough, at about the same time, Newton, Huygens, Descartes, and Kepler were formulating the laws of optics. The paths of science and medicine seemed worlds apart at that time. Who would be able to convince those medical men of yesterday that optics and mathematics could help the red, tearing, dim-sighted eyes of their patients? Indeed, mental giants were needed. Fortunately, there were such giants walking the stage of European science in the mid 19th century. Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope, and all at once the fundus could be seen, and many mysterious cases of blindness were understood on a rational basis. Donders taught refraction, and sud¬ denly a branch of medicine was closely intertwined with mathematics. Oth¬ ers, like Javal, Muller, and Purkinje, continued to add modern instrumen¬ tation and quantitative analysis to the specialty. There is no doubt that our present high level of development has its roots in physiological optics, its instru¬ ments, its theories, and, most impor¬ tant, its scientific method, which can be used to attack any problem in the medical field. Drs. Campbell, Koester, Tittler, and Tuckaberry have produced a volume that surveys physiological optics in its current state. The task must have been difficult, for the information accumulated on the subject in the last 125 years is enormous. The authors have successfully compressed the na¬ ture of light, geometric optics, and spectacle optics into readable, wellillustrated chapters. Sections on the principles of various pieces of opthalmic equipment are also clearly written and well illustrated. Finally, there are compact, but lucid, sections on visual perception and color. Are there any mistakes in the book, or did it leave out anything impor¬ tant? Very little, although the authors might have included sections on laser coagulation, light scattering, and the objective refractometer. Personally, I would have appreciated a greater sense of history permeating the mat¬ ter-of-fact chapters. The book is useful for anyone preparing for a board examination or for someone simply interested in learning the basic principles behind the many clinical examinations we perform. David Miller, MD Boston


In the youthful phases of his thought, Sartre's discovery is Husserl's phenomenology, the idea of "cogito cogitatum", and Heidegger's notion of the existence like being-in-the world. Even though he starts from the world's primacy on the man, afterwards Sartre declares the absolute freedom of the man "en-situation". In the postwar period he analyses the Jewish's issue and explains that his existentialism isn't a contemplative philosophy: he pass from the discovery of the existence's contingency to the concept of the "engagement" like the writer's necessity. Convinced that «chaque homme est politique», he thinks about the intellectual work and suggests an order's swing


Improving the adaptation of poultry to heat stress by selection requires having measures that are easy to obtain and that are heritable. Internal body temperature is used to quantify heat stress but is long to obtain and lacks precision. We tested the possibility of infrared thermography to record body temperature (BT) in two commercial lines of laying hens between 28 and 72 wk, submitted cyclically to periods at neutral or high ambient temperatures (19.6°C and 28.4°C, resp.). Mean BT were estimated for the wing, comb and shank areas (N=4465-4481 in line A, 7279-7311 in line B, depending on the trait). During hot periods, mean BT increased by 29.5-32.6% on the wing, by 20.6-22.5% on the shank and by 28.9-29.8% on the comb. Heritability of the mean BT was estimated in both lines. It was very low for the wing (0.03) consistently with the fact that wing BT is mainly linked to environmental temperature and to feather coverage. Heritability of the shank and the comb BT was also low but significantly different from zero (0.08-0.14), which indicates that the capacity of animals to dissipate heat is partly under genetic control. Heritability of the shank BT was the most consistent between the two lines, probably reflecting a higher precision of the measure of this part, the easiest to distinguish from environment. Using infrared thermography in chicken experimentation seems promising but a higher degree of precision is required in order to increase the heritability of these traits.


mdndged by the founderg who hold equity stakes The indepcndent firm ig defined here as d tlrm thdt dees not belong to any tormer zaibatsu -bdsed or bank centered groups While prewous regearch on Jdpdnese firms often focuses on large group firms, this paper exdmmes the indepen dent firms, ds they haNe not been paid as much attention as group dfTiliated firms The mam argument of the pdper is ag fo11o"s Japanese firms7 edrly experienceg have long-ldst ing efiects on their current behduor and performdnLe The major reason for thig ig, in StinLh >-<>-c)-=(


Some of familiar trouble, such as accumulation of ash at ended heated surface and lower temperature corrosion etc., were discussed. After practical operation situation was analyzed for the boiler of power station and heat-supply in the refinery of Henan Oil Field, adding prepositive heat-pipe warm blaster was brought forward to overcome these troubles.


For many years I have been interested in the history of the emancipa? tion of the Jews in the various European countries. Historians may find it more practical to treat the question of the emancipation of the Jews separately; but, as in other provinces of study, a comparative research must yield important results in more than one respect. It would especially throw a strong light on the character and constitu? tion of each nation where a Jewish question existed. If, e.g. the Jew Bill of 1753 had not been repealed, the position of the Jews in this country would have been better than that of the Jews in Prussia after the so-called emancipation in 1812, nay, even superior to that of the Christian citizens of the same state. For emancipated Jews in the British empire would have been citizens of a free country, enjoying parliamentary government, whilst in Prussia (as in the whole of Germany) Jews, even after the edict of 1812, remained the servants of an absolute monarch, all of whose subjects, especially those of the middle and lower classes, possessed either very limited rights or none at all. Now, had these conditions any influence on the final attitude of England 1 However great the agitation among the masses in this country was in favour of repealing the bill, it is open to question whether foreign forces were not at work to induce the Government to consent to the repeal. For it is improbable that foreign countries, and Prussia in particular, could be indifferent to a measure with such far-reaching results. Only in 1750, Frederick of Prussia (who boasted that in his State every one was allowed to find the road to heaven in his own fashion) issued an edict concerning 128


A disease causing severe egg drop and duck death was observed at many breeder duck farms in Hubei province since 2010.The samples showed positive to flavivirus,but negative to avian influenza virus,Newcastle disease virus and egg-drop syndrome virus by RT-PCR detection.The Sequence analysis based on the amplified flavivirus gene revealed that the strain was closely related to strain THCAr and sitiawan which submited to Ntaya virus group of Flavivirus genus in Flaviviridae family,and the identity was 89.3% and 87.1%,respectively.


Perhydropolysilazane(PHPS) and polyhydridomethylsilazane(PHMS) were used as preceramic polymers,respectively,to prepare three-dimensional silica fiber reinforced silicon nitride composites through repeated infiltration and pyrolysis at a low temperature(600℃),and the mechanical properties and microstructures of the composites were investigated through comparison.The composite prepared with PHPS,with density of 1.83g/cm~3,porosity of 10%,and flexural strength of 45.4MPa,shows a smooth fracture surface and strong fiber/matrix bonding,while the composite prepared with PHMS exhibits a rough fracture surface and moderate interfacial(adhesion),lower density of 1.66g/cm~3,higher porosity of 16%,but higher flexural strength of 56.3MPa.The(different) activities of the precursors result in different interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites.


Astronomical refraction addresses ray-bending effects for objects outside the earth's atmosphere in relation to an observer within the atmosphere. In this paper is a study of the Atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light  coming from celestial body  by using Astronomic Refraction model above Kufa Astronomical Observatory  at different zenith angles and different weather conditions. These weather parameters were collected from the weather link station of the observatory.              The results  are perfect agreement with other models


This paper deals with the analysis of the educational intervention in the area of motor skills in different schools in Barcelona. These schools were chosen to have different educational ideologies common schools, more traditional methodology.
Schools which have conducted a review of the intervention were those of teachers such as Maria Montessori, Jean Piaget, Decroly and Waldorf. Thus, we compared the educational intervention through a questionnaire along with the traditional methodology schools. The total number of schools corresponds to eight six teachers interviewed by school, therefore, the total number of teachers interviewed is 48. Among the most relevant results from this research have obtained that the schools of educational ideas are highly adapted its methodology while traditional schools have opted for their responses, active and experiential pedagogy. Thus, schools are adapting to the new school, one that is merging ideas of many authors to create an effective method, which ensures motor development, emotional and cognitive development. The idea about the new school development.


The goal of revolution in corporate culture is to add enterprises value.But often the new culture cannot play a role and fail in the end.While using ″cultural chain″ theory in corporate culture revolution,the new culture will be rooted in people's minds in a short time.During the revolution process,corporate strategy are adjusted,employers' out-of-date thought are changed,outside market are opened up,as well as cost are reduced efficiently.As result,the enterprise value are promoted rapidly.This paper,takes large state-owned transport enterprises for example,after using ″cultural links″ theory in the actual production and operation,analyses growth of enterprise value as applying the cultural chain theory to change corporate culture.It demonstrates that the application of cultural chain theory can accelerate the cultural to root and raise enterprise value.


Over the last decade or so, foreign investment protection and promotion agreements have grown dramatically in number and in strength. The investment obligations and dispute resolution provisions available in these agreements have emerged as an attractive option for businesses seeking protection of their investments in foreign jurisdiclions.  The author presents an overview of Canada's existing investment agreements and provides a specific application of these agreements in the oil and gas sector by reviewing a recent arbitration decision.


Fluorescence life-time measurements are reported for the first excited singlet of the protonated 2-naphthamide species in acid solutions in the presence of chloride, perchlorate, and sulphamate ions. Except possibly with the sulphamate anion, the quenching effect of the hydrogen ion is much greater than that of the anions in this particular case. The life-time of [graphic omitted] in the absence of quencher is 29 ns and the quenching constant for H+, 3 × 107 l. mol–1 s–1 at 25°C.


Trauma has been found to be highly prevalent among individuals diagnosed with SMIs. Mental health professionals have been reported to misdiagnose or avoid addressing trauma in this population. There is a need to provide information about trauma and to foster awareness among mental health professionals who are treating individuals diagnosed with SMIs. With a TIC approach, operating from a recovery-oriented philosophy, there have been interventions created to address trauma and SMIs with the aim of developing awareness about trauma and the impact it may have on someone's life. With these factors in mind, mental health professionals should be competent in TIC in order to provide effective treatment to this population in the future. This study investigated the impact of a trauma-informed care training program on mental health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding clients who have been diagnosed with SMIs and may have experienced trauma. Despite the small sample size, the study found a significant increase of mental health professionals' knowledge and attitudes from preto posttraining evaluation. The results of this study suggest that the training had a positive impact on the professionals that attended and participated in this training. Implications and recommendations based on these findings were discussed.


There is a swiftly increasing amount of empirical evidence that non-genetic factors, such as DNA methylation and small RNAs, play an important role not only in development but also in heredity and, ...


We investigate ultrafast magnetization dynamics due to electron-phonon interaction in a ferromagnetic model sys- tem including spin-orbit coupling. By computing the reduced spin-density matrix and Boltzmann-type scattering integrals, we identify the microscopic mechanism with which the electronic spin is dissipated by electron-phonon scattering processes in ferromagnets. We present in some detail the numerical approach used to compute the scattering dynamics and discuss problems that arise in treating these dynamics.


We demonstrate a new spin polarization mechanism that combines optical pumping with spin diffusion to achieve large spin polarization in 171Yb3+:Y<inf>2</inf>SiO<inf>5</inf>. This is used to increase optical coherence lifetime from 0.3 to 0.8 ms.


Matur is one of districts in the area of Kabupaten Agam. Regional Matur having various potentials, not only in terms of geographical, tourism and the condition of its natural but also in terms of human resources, namely dasa wisma. But, data from the Central Bureau of statistics 2014 there are still the high level of poverty in Kabupaten Agam. Effort to improve family welfare could be done by empowerment ladies joining group dasa wisma. One of a valuable food high health services post nutritional supplements and this could potentially cultivated through empowerment of ibu-ibu dasa wisma is a mushroom .The cultivation of mushroom having excess as ease of getting then made into raw materials , state of the art technologies under cultivation that is relatively easy to learn , and frugally place. Activities are to be implemented devotion the public was aimed at peaceful and steady to help of family welfare, to the establishment of the ibu-ibu social preneur final communiqu of the conference wisma a partner that having their knowledge and skills about the cultivation of mushrooms and the creation of excellent product yield mushroom cultivation of being worthy of being marketed.The stage of activity can be done is coordination and socialization as with a party nagari as well as groups of the homestead final communiqu of the conference, the task of procuring and materials for mushroom cultivation and training in cultivating a mushroom .


A preliminary introduction is given to the application of the computer technology if the design of the modern medical instrumentation,especially in the medical imaging equipment.It is important that the service of the moden medical instrumentation require the support of the computer technology,and some example of its application is also given here.


Mimusops elengi L. is a medicinally valuable herb in the Ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine. Various activities have been reported in almost all parts of Mimusops elengi, some of which includes diuretic activity, antidiabetic, antibacterial etc. Quercetin, one of the most important flavanoid is active against various cardio vascular diseases, cancer, tuberculosis, neurological diseases, cataract etc. In the present study High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography has been developed for detection and quantification of quercetin in Mimusops elengi leaves. Increasing serial dilutions of reference standard quercetin (200 to 1000 μg/mL) were scanned at 366 nm to detect and quantify the concentrations of quercetin in the test sample.The estimated values obtained from the same was 19.191mg/gm quercetin in powdered leaf sample.The method provided a rapid and easy approach for detection and the quantitation of the bio-marker quercetin. The authors also aim to validate the present method in terms of ruggedness and accuracy and undertake the isolation of quercetin from the said plant.


As a method for surveying efficient separation conditions for the mobile phase, a 96-well micro-plate based monolithic ion-exchange chromatography system was developed. Discontinuous flow was accomplished by a vacuum manifold. Linear salt gradient elution experiments were carried out with this system and the elution curves were compared with those for monolithic disk column IEC. The normalized gradient slope–the peak salt concentration data for the micro-plate system agreed with those for the monolithic disk column IEC. This system is useful as the liquid volume needed for the experiment is highly reduced, and large amounts of data are obtained quickly.


The comment to Crossley article is intended to shift the debate on mixing social network analysis with qualitative methods from the methodological perspective to the theoretical and epistemological one. It is argued that social network theory observes concrete sets of interaction, therefore its object of research is more similar to qualitative studies rather than quantitative ones. The power of formalization and abstraction of the mathematical tools applied in social network analysis places this perspective aside from the classic qualitative/quantitative debate.


Low frequency axial mode combustion instability in the wake of an Integrated Fuel injector/Flameholder (IFF) has been studied. Gaseous propane is injected into an air crossflow. The resulting diffusion flame oscillates at the resonance frequency of the system. A three-component laser Doppler velocimeter is used to obtain phase sensitive velocity, pressure and heat release measurements along the central span of the test section. A pair of symmetrical counter-rotating vortices shed off the flameholder carry fresh fuel to the combustion zone in the wake of the flameholder. Vortex shedding takes place at the instability frequency of 49 Hz. Heat release measurements reveal that the energy release distribution is concentrated both spatially and temporally during the instability cycle. The higher instantaneous velocity field oscillation, as compared to that of non-reacting flow field, is needed to sustain the shedding and growth of the vortical structures from the IFF device. Variations in the fuel delivery rate, fuel line coupling, and air flow rate contribute to the amplification of combustion instability by varying the equivalence ratio during the instability cycle and subsequently affecting heat release during the instability cycle. Nomenclature c speed of sound h flameholder height = 1" (25.4 mm) G(x) Rayleigh index m mass flow rate p' local pressure oscillation


Objective We conducted a pilot clinical trial to observe the efficacy of lamivudine in the treatment of hepatitis B patients with liver failure.Methods A total of one hundred and eighty-two patients with liver failure caused by hepatitis B were divided into group A(acute-or subacute-on chronic,n=90)and group B(chronic,n=92).Lamivudine were given for patients in subgroup A2(n=50)and B2(n=51),while patients in subgroup A1(n=40)and B1(n=41)didn't received lamivudine.Patients in every groups were treated with supporting and matrine therapy.Results After a mean period of 1.5 month treatment,23 patients(57.5%)in subgroup A1 and 16 patients(32.0%,P0.05)in subgroup A2 died,whereas after a mean period of 2.5 month treatment,22 patients(53.7%)in subgroup B1 and 24(47.1%,P0.05)in subgroup B2 died;lamivudine therapy improved ALT normalization both in group A and group B;at the end of 6-mon follow up,80% of patients in subgroup A2 and subgroup B2 were with serum HBV DNA negative,while all patients in subgroup A1 and subgroup B1 were with serum HBV DNA positive.Conclusion Lamivudine can improve the survival of patients with acute-or subacute-on chronic hepatitis b-induced liver failure.


The volume is published on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the establishment in 1945 the University of Łodź. Professor Zygmunt Charzynski was employed in the University since 1952 until 1995.


We read with interest Alsubaie and colleagues' meta-analysis concerning prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) for clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Considering that this oncological surgical step remains debatable, the authors aimed to shed light on the matter using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, this meta-analysis remains quite neutral and does not support the clinician in his surgical decision-making. PTC represents a public health issue (43 800 new cases in the US each year). Usually, PTC is revealed by a thyroid nodule. At the time of surgery, the final pathology diagnostic remains generally unknown. Hence, pCND could allow both to complete the surgical management with total thyroidectomy (TT) in case of pN1a status and to indicate radioactive iodine ablation. In this meta-analysis (Alsubaie 2022, 795 patients), the authors did not report any oncologic benefit regarding locoregional recurrence (LRR) between TT and TT plus pCND (RR 0.49, 0.19–1.27), nor any difference regarding the rate of hypoparathyroidism (RR 1.48, 0.73–2.97), vocal cord palsy (VCP) (RR 1.34, 0.59–3.03), or intraoperative bleeding (RR 1.75, 0.42–7.26). These results contrast with previous studies on the matter:


This study examines the impact of agricultural prices and technology on farmer incomes and then assesses its growth linkage implications for rural employment and wages. Based on the irrigated rice economy of Andhra Pradesh and the rainfed jowar economy of Maharashtra, the study concludes that technical change has been the dominant source of increases in farmer incomes; the role of prices has been decidedly secondary. Furthermore, employment linkages are evident, but only with extremely high rates of growth and good resource endowments: this implies that expectations from growth linkage processes on a wide scale are unrealistic.


The paper indicates the significance and necessity of the landscape design for urban roads,introduces the principles for the road landscape design,sums up the contents of the road landscape design,and points out urban landscape design cann't only increase the artistic traffic landscape and improve the traffic ecological environment,but also realize the sustainable development of the urban traffic.


Mostly used in packing and outdoor facilities in the early stage, wood-plastic composites are gradually applied to other design sectors thanks to their advantageous features including cost efficiency, environmental protection, recyclability as well as being easy to be processed and fabricated. The application of this kind of green and new material in the exhibition design sector will be beneficial to developing the standardized structure and rapid fabrication in the exhibition design to save the project construction material costs and shorten erection time. In this article, the feasibility and ecological significance of using wood-plastic composites in the exhibition sector are explored from the aspects of the physical and chemical properties of the wood-plastic composites as well as their processing methods.


In recent years, as environmental degradation is increasingly seriously, protecting the environment has also been discussing for a long time. In terms of the catering industry, the ways to dispose of kitchen waste play a significant role in the green recycling process. From the collection, recycling to reprocessing, the operation model is the main part that needs to be analyzed in depth, and the model is also different based on a country's policies, technology or other factors. In terms of China, the fast economic growth has improved people's living standards to a large extent, while the standards' improvement also brings an increasing amount of kitchen waste to people's daily life.

As China is a big country and different provinces have their specific waste disposal policies, this study focused on Chengdu, a large city with around 14 million residents. In Chengdu, although the government and waste recycling plants have been trying to push the circular economy in kitchen waste handling, many restaurants and local farmers are keeping traditional disposal methods, polluting the environment and posing a threat to natives' health.

Based on that reason, the main purpose of this study is to find out the recycling approaches that most Chengdu restaurants are using nowadays and analyze the potential problems behind so as to propose possible improved approaches. According to online questionnaire feedback and academic resources, this study concentrated more on the transformation of organic fertilizer and biodiesel, and also emphasized the impact of personal benefit and law enforcement. After that, in order to improve kitchen waste recycling network, the researcher indicated preferential policies, technology improvement and perfecting legal system are the three main measures that the government and public should take into account. For the main issue which is extra profits, many restaurants selling kitchen waste to local farmers already had a long history, and it seems that solving this problem still has a long way to go.


This research aimed  to find the problems that students did in answering TOEFL especially in listening section. The research used descriptive qualitative approach. For the data collection, it used the instrument is interview.  The subjects of the research were non english department students in seventh grade of FIKES Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. To analyze the data, it was through the techniques: data collection, data display, data reduction, and conclusion drawing.  25 seventh semester students of Nursing Study Program participated in this study selected by using random sampling techniques. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research. The results of this research indicate that the difficulties experienced by students based on the the interview are difficultiy in their concentration while listening, difficulty regarding vocabulary meaning, difficulty in catching meaning in long and speed conversation, and difficulty in recognizing unfamiliar topic.


Assessment of eighty Fusarium proliferatum isolates obtained from maize, rice, sugarcane and onion using AFLP molecular marker separated the isolates into four distinct clusters according to their host's. Isolates recovered from rice clustered in a distinct group. Isolates from sugarcane grouped in two distinct groups and isolates recovered from maize and onion clustered in a unit group. As well, all studied F. proliferatum isolates originated from different hosts expressed pathogenicity to maize ears. However, different levels of pathogenicity were observed among and within of different host populations. Duncan's test analysis showed isolates from maize, sugarcane and onion belonged to group A and rice isolates placed in group B. Moreover, a correlation was observed between AFLP clustering and pathogenicity of the maize, sugarcane and onion isolates compare to isolates coming from rice. All of the isolates were examined for PCR based identification of mating type idiomorphs and determination of sexual fertility status. Among 142 isolates of F. proliferatum, 72 isolates (50.7%) were identified as MAT-1 and 70 isolates (49.2%) were belonged to MAT-2. The presence of both mating type idiomorphs with favorable frequency among isolates recovered from different hosts of F. proliferatum, shows that there is a potential for sexual reproduction within these populations. On the other hand, female fertility examination for 40 randomly selected field isolates including 10 isolates of each host populations showed all the isolates are female-sterile. Finally, we concluded that the genetic variation within F. proliferatum populations in Iran is possibly a result of vegetative compatibility, parasexual cycle, various cultivars of the hosts and high amount of migration to the populations as well as sexual reproduction.


Background and Objective: Disordered eating behaviours are a spectrum of maladaptive eating behaviours that affect a substantial proportion of today's society, having been studied regarding their relationship with different dietary patterns. The present study aimed to better characterise the omnivore, vegan, vegetarian and palaeolithic (paleo) dietary patterns and explore dietary pattern's differences regarding disordered eating indicators, sociodemographic data, the motive of choice of dietary pattern and perception of health value. Method: All data were collected online, comprising a sample of 447 [omnivores (n = 281), vegetarians (n = 61), vegans (n = 50) and paleo (n = 55)] women from the general Portuguese population. Results: Results revealed that the dietary patterns differed regarding motive of choice (omnivores: "Family habit"; vegetarians and vegans: "Ethical/Moral"; paleo: "Weight/Shape control") and on the self-assessed health value of their dietary pattern, with the vegan and paleo diets reporting the highest values. Finally, the groups differed significantly regarding disordered eating, binge eating, and orthorexic behaviours, with the paleo group generally presenting the highest values. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of exploring the individual's dietary pattern, including motive of choice, in the field of eating psychopathology, with an emphasis on the paleo diet as a risk factor. This means that prevention and intervention clinical guidelines should be developed for individuals with this dietary pattern.


GFP‐tagging is widely used as a molecular tool to localize and visualize the trafficking of proteins in cells but interpretation is frequently limited by the low resolution afforded by fluorescence light microscopy. Although complementary thin‐section immunogold electron microscopic techniques go some way in aiding interpretation, major limitations, such as relatively poor structural preservation of membrane systems, low labelling efficiency and the two‐dimensional nature of the images, remain. Here we demonstrate that the electron microscopic technique freeze‐fracture replica immunogold labelling overcomes these disadvantages and can be used to define, at high resolution, the precise location of GFP‐tagged proteins in specific membrane systems and organelles of the cell. Moreover, this technique provides information on the location of the protein within the phospholipid bilayer, potentially providing insight into mis‐orientation of tagged proteins compared to their untagged counterparts. Complementary application of the freeze‐fracture replica immunogold labelling technique alongside conventional fluorescence microscopy is seen as a novel and valuable approach to verification, clarification and extension of the data obtained using fluorescent‐tagged proteins. The application of this approach is illustrated by new findings on PAT‐family proteins tagged with GFP transfected into fibroblasts from patients with Niemann‐Pick type C disease.


A nearlattice S is a meet semilattice together with the property that any two elements possessing a common upper bound have a supremum. It is well known that if n ? S is a neutral and upper element then its isotope S n = ( S ; ?) is again a nearlattice, where x ? y = ( x ? y ) ? (x ? n ) ? ( y ? n ) for all x , y ? S . In this paper we have discussed the central elements in a nearlattice and also in a lattice. We included several characterizations of these elements. We showed that for a central element n ? S , P n ( S ) ? ( n ] d × [ n ), where P n ( S ) is the set of principal n-ideals of S . Then we proved that for a central element n ? S , an element t ? S is central if and only if it is central in S n . We also proved that for a lattice L , L n is again a lattice if and only if n is central. Finally we showed that B is a Boolean algebra if and only if B n is a Boolean algebra with same complement when n is central. Moreover, B ? B n . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v31i0.10312 GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 31 (2011) 95-104


Distributed faulty node detection and isolation in metropolitan-area delay-tolerant vehicular sensor networks are investigated in this paper. For the intermittently connected large-scale dynamic networks, we design a practical faulty node detection algorithm that vehicles can perform on board to detect faulty sensors by utilizing the local data's spatial correlation. Based on the distributed detection algorithm, a faulty node isolation scheme is proposed to control the diffusion of the faulty data. The parameters of the detection and isolation algorithms to achieve the best performance are investigated based on simulations over real-world data sets. The results show that our detection algorithm performs almost as well as other relative algorithms but demands much less on sensors' communication ability. More than 70 percent of faulty nodes can be identified, and more than half of the faulty data can be reduced in the network by the means of isolation while the total overhead decreases by 35%.


As the emergence of new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 persists across the world, it is of importance to understand the distributional behavior of the incubation period of the variants for both medical research and public health policy‐making. We collected the published individual‐level data of 941 patients of the 2020–2021 winter pandemic wave in Hebei province, North China. We computed some epidemiological characteristics of the wave and estimated the distribution of the incubation period. We further assessed the covariate effects of sex, age, and living with a case with respect to the incubation period by a model. The infection‐fatality rate was only 0.1%. The estimated median incubation period was at least 22 days, significantly extended from the estimates (ranging from 4 to 8.5 days) of the previous wave in mainland China and those ever reported elsewhere around the world. The proportion of asymptomatic patients was 90.6%. No significant covariate effect was found. The distribution of incubation period of the new variants showed a clear extension from their early generations.


ABSTRACT Glass-forming Zr 47 Cu 31 Al 13 Ni 9 (in atomic percent) films of various thicknesses were deposited on the C-2000 Ni-based alloy substrate by magnetron sputtering. Four-point-bending fatigue tests were conducted on the above system with the coated surface on the tensile side. It has been found that both fatigue life and fatigue-endurance limit can be considerably improved, while the degree of fatigue resistance enhancement depends on the maximum applied stress and the film thickness. Mechanisms of fatigue-resistance enhancements of the coated Ni-based alloy are discussed from the following aspects: reduction of surface roughness by the thin-film coating, good adhesion between thin film and substrate, development of residual compressive stress, and excellent ductility of glass-forming thin film (which would be otherwise brittle in bulk form). Of particular interest, we examine the interaction of substrate slip bands and the thin film ductile property, which would delay fatigue crack initiation process and thus extend the fatigue life.


Given the conflict between transport and infrastructure-policy aspirations and objectives on the one hand and financial constraints on the other, it is possible to askwhether Deutsche Bahn was net in danger of investing itself out of business in some divisions. Dwindling federal funding is causing attention to focus on preserving the heritage network; there is little leeway for new measures from the requirements plan Together, the odor government's interim budgetary policy and the funding provisions for future investment planning dictated a selective temporary freeze on expenditure, a far-reaching internal planning freeze and the setting of business priorities for all capital expenditure on infrastructure. Likeany ether private-economy enterprise, DB takes appropriate countermeaswes when results are jeopardised by shortfalls and critical developments. Despite these developments, the successful process set in motion by the Railway Reform has been taken further forward and the question, as to whether the railways are savine thein way out of business as regards the in-use heritage infrastructure can be answered in the negative. Viewed long-term, though, DB requires more than merely reliability concerning funding of infrastru greater resources or working to remove pinchporitis.


Four experimental vaccine preparations comprising a strain of mink enteritis virus inactivated by either formalin or beta-propiolactone, and either adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted, failed to stimulate a consistent serum antibody response in 20 vaccinated dogs and failed to protect all but one of these dogs against oral challenge with canine parvovirus-2.


Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are frequently used to detect the maturational status of the central auditory system in both healthy persons and cochlear implant listeners. However, with cochlear implant patients, the CAEP is partly or completely submerged in stimulus artifacts induced by current stimulation, making it difficult to faithfully detect auditory evoked potentials with cochlear implants. The aim of this study was to determine if a systematic relationship exists between the artifacts and cochlear implant fitting parameters using speech-like or tone stimuli. Chicken carcus was used as an experimental model to record stimulus artifacts at various implant settings, e.g. monopolar/bipolar stimulation, pulse width, and most comfortable level. The influence of the implant parameter variation on stimulus artifacts was systematically studied. The results of this study could potentially provide useful information for developing methods of eliminating stimulus artifacts in EEG recordings with cochlear implant patients.


Calculates and analyzes the lightning intruding wave overvoltage protection along 330kV transmission line in 750kV Yinchuandong substation by numerical simulation with PSCAD/EMTDC.Considering some factors,including the different operation mode and lightning strike location,also calculates and analyzes the infection of the impulse grounding resistance of transmission tower,the lightning arresters arranging and parameter for protection effect.The calculated results indicate the scheme of lightning protection in this project is reasonable.


/department of mechanical engineering Introduction Noise reduction is a key issue for High-tech and high precision instruments. To reduce the noise levels emitted by internal or external sources, porous materials can be used for acoustic shielding. The acoustic wave penetrates into the pore network, and part of its energy is dissipated as heat by viscous friction and thermal-elastic damping, material mechanical damping and Helmholtz type resonators [1]. Therefore acoustic properties of porous materials are highly sensitive to geometrical and mechanical properties of the microstructure.


The Cartography has been a fundamental instrument for the projection, landmark and other applications on the terrestrial surface. However, there are deficiencies in the Brazilian cartographic products updating. So, the Sensing Remote Images are contributing to minimize this problem. One of the techniques used is mathematical morphology theory with the aim extracted from the features of interest. The extracted features can be used in conventional processes of cartographic products updating. The main operators used in this paper were mmhdome, mmthreshad, mmareaopen and mmareaclose. For the manipulation images the toolbox developed by SDC Information Systems was used. The tool works with the software Matlab. In a simple place the Matlab software has attended many requirements in the extracted features. The results obtained are positives and show the potential use of mathematical morphology theory in Cartography.


The mechanism of alcohol-induced dysmorphogenesis is not clear. Pyrazole is a potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Treatment of chick embryos at 96 h incubation with pyrazole (0.1 mg) and ethanol (0.1 ml, 40-60% v/v) enhanced the embryopathic response, compared with individual treatments. The results suggest that ethanol itself is embryotoxic.


Purpose: This study examines conceptions of instructional leadership in the institutional environment. We know that principals' practices affect student learning and that principals are influenced by ideas in the broader environment. This article examines and defines the multiple conceptions of what it means for principals to be instructional leaders. Research Methods/Approach: This empirical article relies on the methodology of content analysis. Refinements of the conceptions of instructional leadership were done through iterative data collection and analyses cycles. Findings: I define three conceptions of instructional leadership in the institutional environment that I term prevailing, entrepreneurial, and social justice logics. The ubiquitous prevailing logic was broad and flexible without explicit goals or directions for principals as instructional leaders. From this ambiguous conception, the two alternatives highlighted particular practices and backgrounded others. The entrepreneurial conception relied on innovations and mechanisms borrowed from the private sector, including a reliance on data and specific leadership actions. The social justice logic focused on the experiences and inequitable outcomes of marginalized groups, challenging the current "neutral" systems that engender the reproduction of inequity in our schools. Implications for Research and Practice: This study contributes to the field by providing a language that can help specify what "instructional leadership" looks like in practice and conceptions, thus explicating the tacit and ambiguous term. This is important for researchers to understand and explore the impact of the principalship on student achievement, and for principal preparation programs and school districts to assume a common language in expectations, professional development, and evaluation.


he "diffi cult heritage" (mostly includes architectural and sculptural monuments and works of monumental art arisen in diff erent countries under totalitarian regimes) oft en becomes a crucial point of today's political and public controversy. Is it legitimate to leave these objects of art and architecture as a part of urban environment of modern city? Although, many cities in Russia and former Soviet countries, as well as in Western Europe, were created in the XX century, during the period of urbanization and urban growth and became markers of identity for many generations, as the VDNH complex in Moscow or the Tempelhof airport in Berlin. Th ere are diff erent results of interaction of modern culture with them: from demolition, to critical comprehension, and sometimes to complete neutralization of their negative meaning. Oft en, the initiators of "requalifi cation" of such objects are state structures or large commercial structures, and the per-formers are important representatives of modern architecture, such as Rem Koolhaas, off ering typical solutions for dealing with historical memory. Th e report analyzes some examples of interaction of architects, authorities, urban and mass culture with architectural objects of the dictatorship's heritage in Italy, Germany and Russia.


Audit opinion on Financial Reporting and the result of evaluation on Performance Reporting are a quality indicator of Financial Reporting and Performance Reporting of Ministry/Agency. This Paper aims to research development of audit opinion quality on financial reporting and the result of evaluation on performance reporting, and correlation between audit opinion and the result of evaluation. The research method is test of correlation between audit opinion dan the result of evaluation. There are three conclusion. First, the development of audit opinion indicates improvement of audit opinion for the last five years. Second, development of the result of evaluation on Performance Reporting indicates improvement of the result of evaluation for the last four years. Third, there are no correlation between audit opinion on financial reporting and the result of evaluation on performance reporting.


In this brief article five bronze fibulae, being exposed in the museum of Şanlıurfa and belonging to the Iron Age, will be presented. At least two of these five were found at Lidar Höyük.


An apparatus for speech processing and voice processing method. The voice processing apparatus comprising: a receiving unit for receiving a signal near-end and far-end signal, the signal including at least a distal end between a plurality of non-speech segment speech segment and a plurality of speech segment speech segment, including near-end signal ambient noise; detecting means for the non-speech segment speech segment length and the length of the distal end of the detection signal; calculation unit for computing noise characteristic value contained in the ambient noise in the near-end signal; and a control unit, based on the non- speech segment length and the noise characteristic values to control the length of the non-speech segment, such that the non-voice segment length is equal to or greater than a first threshold value; and an output unit for outputting an output signal, the output signal comprising a plurality of segments of voice and non-voice segment controlled .


We develop a multiscale tailored finite point method (MsTFPM) for second order elliptic equations with rough or highly oscillatory coefficients. The finite point method has been tailored to some particular properties of the problem, so that it can capture the multiscale solutions using coarse meshes without resolving the fine scale structure of the solution. Several numerical examples in oneand two-dimensions are provided to show the accuracy and convergence of the proposed method. In addition, some analysis results based on the maximum principle for the one-dimensional problem are proved. 2 Cross-straits Workshop on Computational Mathematics July 27, 10:30~11:00 Exploring Ground States and Excited States of Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates


Korea's CPI inflation reached 6.3% in Jul. 2022, the fastest increase since Nov. 1998. However, the quarterly GDP deflator inflation for the third quarter of 2022 was only 0.2% over the same quarter of 2021. The differences between Korea's CPI and GDP deflator are the way of measuring price and the set of goods and services they cover. The goods and services in the investment, government expenditures, export, and import are not in the consumer's basket but in GDP. Moreover, imported goods and services contribute to the GDP negatively. If the import price increases when other things stand still, the GDP deflator decreases. In contrast, the cost of consumer baskets generally increases. Therefore, the import price changes only can induce the opposite moves of the CPI and the GDP deflator inflations.


The synthesis of ethyl hexadecanoate was carried out by esterification of palmitic acid with ethanol in a solvent-free system. A commercial immobilized lipase (Lipozyme RM-IM) was mixed with the reagents, in a 15 mL closed batch reactor with constant stirring and coupled with a condenser. The effects of palmitic acid/ethanol molar ratio (0.16 to 1.84), reaction temperature (65 to 75 o C) and en- zyme concentration (0.48 to 5.52% w/w) on the ini- tial reaction rate of ethyl hexadecanoate were de- termined using central composite design 2 3 with six central points. Statistical analysis indicated that the enzyme concentration and palmitic acid/ethanol mo- lar ratio had been found to be the most significant variables affecting the initial reaction rate. The best result was obtained under the following experimen- tal conditions: palmitic acid/ethanol molar ratio of 0.50, temperature of 67 o C, and enzyme concentra- tion of 4.50% (w/w).


Direct and high spatial resolution printing of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite layers has been demonstrated by means of laser induced forward transfer (LIFT). Laser irradiation of composite target materials, such as poly(acrylic acid)/CNT and polyvinylpyrrolidone/CNT, enabled dry deposition of well resolved composite pixels onto glass substrates. The dispersion of the CNT into the deposited composite pixels was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The LIFT technique was also employed for the accurate deposition of polymer/CNT composite pixels onto aluminum microelectrodes for the fabrication of chemical sensors based on polymer/CNT compounds.


Abstract : China's rapprochement with the United States of America in 1971-72 represented one of the most dramatic realignments in world affairs since Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union a generation earlier. Nurtured in secrecy and announced to the world via the new medium of television, the visit of the American President to China took allies and enemies alike by surprise. The timing was audacious -- the U.S. President was welcomed and feted in Peking, even as American bombs fell on China's socialist neighbor, North Vietnam, and as the Nixon administration confronted bitter domestic opposition at home. But this bold move put an end to the bi-polarity that had characterized international relations for more than 20 years, ushering in a new era of foreign policy possibilities for the major powers.


gaise. Premiere Partie: Protermitidae, Mesotermitidae, Metatermitidae (Termitinae). Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 106: 1-100. . 1939. La reconstruction du nid et le travail collectif chez les termites superieurs. Jour. Psych. normale et pathologique, 1939: 370-396. , and P. Joly. 1941. La teneur en matieres organiques de quelques terres de termitieres. Bull. Soc. zool. France, 66: 57-62. , and C. Noirot. 1950. Documents sur la biologie de l'Odontotermes magdalenae, n. sp. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., lie ser. 12: 117-143. Hingston, R. W. G. 1932. A naturalist in the Guiana forest. ix + 384 pp. Longmans, Green, New York. Holdaway, F. G. 1933. The composition of different regions of mounds of Eutermes exitiosus Hill. Jour. Council Sci. Ind. Res., 6: 160-165. , and F. J. Gay. 1948. Temperature studies of the habitat of Eutermes exitiosus with special reference to the temperatures within the mound. Austral. Jour. Sci. Res., Ser. B., Biol. Sci. 1: 464-493. Schmidt, R. 1955a. The evolution of nest-building behavior in Apicotermes (Isoptera). Evolution, 9: 157181. 1955b. Termite (Apicotermes) Nests-Important Ethological Material. Behaviour, 8: 344-356. Solomon, M. E. 1945. The use of cobalt salts as indicators of humidity and moisture. Ann. Applied Biol., 32: 75-85. . 1951. Control of humidity with potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, or other solutions. Bull. Ent. Res., 42: 543-554. Strickland, Margaret. 1950. Differences in toleration of drying between species of termites (Reticulitermes). Ecology, 31: 373-385. Williams, 0. L. 1934. Some factors limiting the distribution of termites. Chap. 4. Kofoid, C. A., et al., Termites and Termite Control (2d ed.), pp. 42-49. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley.


A community welcome. Many older adults who were displaced in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina cannot return to the place they once called home. What happened to these individuals who have been permanently displaced? For many of the older people who fled New Orleans and ended up in our senior services system in Houston, evacuation and relocation were extremely difficult and in some ways traumatic. Many had worked all of their lives, and their homes were fully paid for, or their homes were ancestral from many generations past. They were the keepers of the family treasures and the elders of the community. What is more, New Orleans is a village compared to the metropolis of Houston. The City of Houston and Harris County reached out to the refugees with Texas-size hospitality. The Houston Apartment Association worked collaboratively with city and county officials to ensure that all of the companies that owned units designated for seniors were alerted to contact the Astrodome and the George R. Brown Convention Center shelters in New Orleans, to inform them that units were available. Many of the complexes sent their vans and buses to pick people up from those facilities. One Houston development company backed brand-new buses into the New Orleans mega shelters to take elders there to three brand-new properties in different areas of Houston, complete with waterfalls, swimming pools, exercise rooms, and activity directors ready. The opportunity to work with many of the older refugees to arrange housing, healthcare, and social services provided forums for discussions not only of the trauma associated with the disaster, but also to describe "life back home." It didn't take long to recognize that "home" was not just a house, but included family, neighbors, the neighborhood, food, and daily routines. Interfaith Ministries of Houston designed a program called "Neighbors 2 Neighbors," which helped with the transition to a new home, offering help to connect newcomers to a neighbor to advise them about the ins and outs of life in the new community, including recommendations regarding the nearest bank or grocery store and how to navigate the transit system. The devastation of the Gulf Coast hurricane season of 2005 revealed the need for communities to come together and provide for our citizens in an unprecedented way. We in the helping professions faced a number of challenges: preexisting physical and mental conditions, levels of poverty and neglect, the traumatic rescue events, loss of lives, and disconnected families. Our work was crystal dear. Houston's case management network went into action. Among the case management challenges were the following concerns: Suitable housing for older and disabled people, particularly requests for first floor units; lack of medical coverage and access to prescription drugs; caregiver support systems; transportation; access to public benefits in Houston or transfer of benefits from home. One of the biggest challenges was lack of an integrated case management system that could maximize the effort and assistance of the network in assisting individuals and families. Houston's mayor and other officials and the social service community joined hands and provided the excellent services to our new neighbors through community linkages and support systems that included the public sector, volunteers, community-based organizations, non-profit agencies, and all levels of city and county government. …


Chemical interactions - general approach sensory problems - off-taste, aroma sorption, flavour scalping mechanical interactions/barrier properties new packaging materials active packaging.


ABSTRACT
     It is a common goal for rhinoplastic surgeons to make the best-looking tip with proper projection, maintaining the tip lobule appearance with a supratip break. (Figure 1) However, a fibrous thick skin with fullness may not achieve the ideal tip. It is one of the nuisances in rhinoplasty that makes tip definition surgery difficult. The supratip area remains firm and convex causing a wide bulbous feature of the tip. Several techniques have been introduced with good results however some may still result in supratip fullness because of the firm fibrous nature of thick skin.1-3      Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that depolymerizes hyaluronic acid which is present in the epithelium.4 The use of intradermal hyaluronidase for thick skin was discovered by the junior author (JMP) in one of his rhinoplasties when he injected hyaluronidase in a nose with fillers containing hyaluronic acid. The fillers not only instantly dissolved but the skin also softened, so he tried injecting intradermally in his subsequent rhinoplasties on non-filler noses with fibrous thick skin and indeed found the same effect of softening of the fibrous supratip skin. We here describe the technique used in this preliminary clinical series.
METHODS
     A vial of 1,500 I.U. of hyaluronidase (Liporase, Skin Lab Medical, Essex, UK) is mixed with 1.0 ml of Normal Saline Solution (NSS) and 0.1 - 0.2ml (150u – 300u) is aspirated and may be diluted with 0.8ml of PNSS in a 1 cc tuberculin syringe or given as concentrated dose. Intradermal injection into fibrous thick skin can be performed intraoperatively before incision or after closure when defatting and tip grafts are put in place but still with supratip fullness. The areas to be injected are the supratip and its sides. (Figure 2).
     A disposable hypodermic needle gauge 30 is used to inject intradermally or subdermally in minute amounts until blanching is noted. These injections are given at equally random spacing. Immediately after injection, finger pressure massage is applied at the supratip area for 1-3 minutes to soften the skin and allow redraping of the skin and soft tissue envelope (SSTE).


• Limits for research on bladder diseases partly come from the lack of in vitro and in vivo models mimicking human pathophysiology. • To overcome this problem, a new model is required that will improve preclinical target identification, pharmacological lead validation, and compound optimization. • For this purpose, we started the development of the first three-dimensional (3D) urothelial organoid model


ABSTRACT This issue explores how households, both individually and collectively as communities, choose to embed themselves in landscapes. In different ways and at different scales, the articles explore how their actions shaped, defined and delineated their landscapes through everyday practices.


The stability of the reactively sputtered titanium carbide film sandwiched between cobalt disilicide and aluminum has been studied using Rutherford backscattering, Auger electron spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, Nomarski optical and transmission electron microscopy. The titanium carbide film is an excellent diffusion barrier through heat treatments at temperatures up to 450 °C for an anneal time of 30 min. The barrier breaks down at 500 °C. Co2Al9 and Ti7Al5Si12 compounds were formed when annealed at 550 °C.The stability of the reactively sputtered titanium carbide film sandwiched between cobalt disilicide and aluminum has been studied using Rutherford backscattering, Auger electron spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, Nomarski optical and transmission electron microscopy. The titanium carbide film is an excellent diffusion barrier through heat treatments at temperatures up to 450 °C for an anneal time of 30 min. The barrier breaks down at 500 °C. Co2Al9 and Ti7Al5Si12 compounds were formed when annealed at 550 °C.


In the niid-2000s, my elderly parents died within eighteen months of each other. First Donato in his mid-eighties and then Lidia, who was younger by twelve years.


This article is one in the Journal of Forensic Economics series providing experts with information about how to prepare and testify about economic damages in personal injury and wrongful death cases in the state of Maryland.1 Topics covered include a review of the Maryland state court system, rules regarding expert testimony, and wrongful death and personal injury economic damages calculations. An Appendix contains the relevant statutes.


The paper introduces the Bingham plastic model and the nonlinear hysteretic biviscous model and presents the hyperbolic tangent hysteretic model,a new model.Simulating analysis about three models is made,and the analysis results are compared with the test ones.Study results show that hyperbolic tangent hysteretic model can describe the mechanical behavior of magnetorheological damper perfectly and it is simple in form,explicit in concept and easy to apply.


A hybrid magnetic bearing with a bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) and a permanent magnet has been developed. The pinning force of the HTS is used to generate levitation and guidance force. The attractive force instead of the repulsive force of the permanent magnets is introduced to improve the guidance force. The effect of the attractive hybrid system on the rotational motion is studied. Three-dimensional FEM analysis of the linkage flux from the permanent magnet through the HTS is undertaken. In the hybrid system, the permanent magnet of the stator increases the linkage flux of the HTS in the levitation direction. The rotor in the hybrid system is supported by the attractive force and the pinning force. Radial restoring force is increased by the attractive force and pinning force, which is caused by the increment of the linkage flux. As a result, vibration amplitude decreased and natural frequency increased.


(originally elliptical) having become rounded, lessened in size, and less distinct; many had a jagged outline, and some a slight projection suggestive of rupture. Dried by evaporation, many recovered their original form and size; some were ruptured, their nuclei being retained or not, and all were wasted. On the addition of four of water, the corpuscles were less clearly seen, but were visible; and when more water was added the corpuscles were not more affected. The longer the blood is kept, the smaller is the quantity of water required to alter their form. As showing the hygroscopic properties of the corpuscles, one,! expiration of the warm breath


Research in B2B Electronic Marketplaces shows that there is significant cost savings for large organizations that use internet to purchase goods and services. However there is little empirical research on benefits of adopting B2B E-marketplaces among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). On one end, it is said to provide MSMEs a chance to expand its market and eliminate intermediaries and on the other hand, MSMEs struggle to improve their visibility among millions of enterprises registered online. Easy access to large number suppliers to buyers increases competition among MSMEs. This paper analyses the data collected from 66 MSME Adopters in India to understand their motives behind registering with the B2B E-marketplaces. The paper identifies the benefits realized by MSMEs by using B2B Electronic Marketplace. The study focuses primarily on adopters of B2B e-marketplaces that are owned and run by a third party intermediary. Implications for B2B E-marketplaces that provide services to MSMEs are discussed.


The utility model discloses a UV (ultraviolet) light curing machine, which comprises a machine frame, a UV curing furnace, a conveying belt and an electric control box, wherein the UV curing furnace is arranged on the machine frame, the conveying belt is arranged under the UV curing furnace, the electric control box is arranged under the conveying belt, the UV curing furnace comprises a UV lamp ascending and descending frame, a regulating screw rod and a UV lamp shade plate regulating mechanism, the regulating screw rod is fixed with the UV lamp ascending and descending frame through a regulating handle, the UV lamp shade plate regulating mechanism comprises a UV lamp shade plate, a U-shaped connecting block, a height regulating screw rod, an angle regulating screw rod and a UV lamp tube, the height regulating screw rod is fixed with the U-shaped connecting block through a locking screw nut, the angle regulating screw rod passes through the UV lamp shade plate to be fixed with the U-shaped connecting block through a locking screw nut, and an air suction fan and an air supply fan are arranged on the UV curing furnace. The UV light curing machine has the advantages that the reflecting effect is good, and through the arrangement of the lamp shade plate regulating mechanism, the irradiation requirements of different workpieces in different regions can be met.


In-situ wetting-drying cycles significantly and repeatedly influence the soil water content in the active zone but not in the steady zone. To investigate effects of in-situ wetting-drying cycles on...


Continuous adoption of rice-rice year after year has led to deterioration of soil quality resulting in a serious threat to its sustainability in high rainfall region of Brahmaputra valley of Assam. On-farm field experiments were conducted during 2005 to 2008 on four different soil series viz., Lahangaon Series (Aeric Fluvaquents), Bhogdai Series (Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts), Matikhola Series (Typic Endoaquepts) and Teok series (Typic Fluvaquents) of Jorhat district, Assam to evaluate production potential and resource use efficiency of four rice based cropping systems at two levels of management i.e. farmers' practice (FP) and recommended package of practices (RPP). The rice equivalent yield (REY) of rice-potato cropping system in Lahangaon Series with RPP (156.6 q/ha) was found to be economically significant followed by Bhogdai (138.4 q/ha) and Matikhola (111.07 q/ha), whereas, rice-pea (100.9 q/ha) performed best and was found economically viable in Teok series under flooded situation. Thus, rice-potato system was the most productive, sustainable, resource-use efficient and remunerative cropping system followed by rice-pea and rice-mustard systems. RPP performed better than farmers' practice at all the soil series for all crops and cropping systems.


This note is devoted to the study of K-primitive rings.It is proved that a prime ring R is K-primitive if and only if its a nonzero ideal is K-primitive,if and only if eRe is K-primitive for some nonzero idempotent e to R.It is also shown that GPI prime rings are K-primitive.Related results in the literatures are generalized.