We demonstrate an 8-channel LAN wavelength division multiplexer (LWDM) on silicon-lithium niobate (Si-LN) hybrid integration platform. The device consists of three-stage cascaded MZIs. The phase-error corrections and precise wavelength alignment of 4.5 nm channel spacing are achieved by employing the electro-optic tuning effect on bonded LN waveguides on silicon. The proposed hybrid LWDM with controllable phase shifters has potential applications in optical links of ultra-large transmission capacity with integration of hybrid modulators of the same technology.


Lewis acid (LA) activation by coordination to metal-oxido species has emerged as a new strategy in catalytic oxidations. Despite the many reports of enhancement of performance in oxidation catalysis, direct evidence for LA-catalyst interactions under catalytically relevant conditions is lacking. Here we show, using the oxidation of alkenes with H 2 O 2 and the catalyst [Mn 2 ( µ -O) 3 (tmtacn) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 ( 1 ), that Lewis acids commonly used to enhance catalytic activity, e.g. Sc(OTf) 3 , in fact undergo hydrolysis with adventitious water to release a strong Brønsted acid. The formation of Brønsted acids in situ is demonstrated using a combination of resonance Raman, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, isotope labelling and DFT calculations. The involvement of Brønsted acids in LA-enhanced systems shown here holds implications for the conclusions reached in regard to the relevance of direct LA-metal oxido interactions under catalytic conditions.


Ottoman Empire is the only one among the eastern empires which boasts its long existence in the aria of Southeastern Europe. Its longevity is due to particular resistance and adaptability of its institutions, so the history of the Ottoman Empire can not be considered separately from institutions' history. The data of the Ottoman institutions were often inaccurate, incomplete and one-sided at different periods. This report tries to point out to a distorted perception of the nature of the Ottoman rule in the old Croatian educational system, and consequently in other countries of Southeastern Europe, and the former Yugoslavia, which were once under Ottoman rule. In the second half of the 20th century, Croatian historiography was closely related to the historiography of these countries and had a lot of in common, which resulted in an uniform attitude towards the character of Ottoman rule. The intention of this paper is not to specifically quote inaccurate claims of the old system but briefly refer to some misconceptions and stereotypes that result out of wrong interpretations. Here, the teaching on the pre-university level is considered because it affected all that went through education system where most of the misconceptions had been created. Only some of the institutions are analyzed, i.e. phenomena that took place during the Ottoman rule in Southeastern Europe. These are connected with particular social relations, mostly unclear and subject to misinterpretation, still causing many controversies and disagreements.


Labeo is the third most diverse genus of African cyprinids and is widely distributed across the continent. Labeo parvus, a small species originally described from the Congo basin, has been considered the only species of the L. forskalii-group distributed across five African ichthyofaunal provinces (Nilo-Sudan, Congo, Cuanza, and Upper and Lower Guinea). However, morphological similarity between L. parvus and numerous congeners remains a central cause of taxonomic confusion within the genus. Here we employed a phylogenetic comparative approach to assess phenotypic convergence among species of the L. forskalii-group, investigate the taxonomic status of L. parvus sensu lato (sl) in west Africa, and reevaluate the composition and distribution of L. parvus sensu stricto (ss). Our phylogenetic analysis provides no support for a sister relationship between L. parvus ss and any of the west African Labeo parvus-like species. Geometric morphometric and molecular phylogenetic data indicate that L. parvus ss is a Congo basin endemic and seemingly ecologically equivalent species found in west Africa are L. ogunensis, L. obscurus, and other undescribed or previously synonomized species. We discuss our findings in terms of convergent evolution using phylomorphospace and tests for phylogenetic signal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract : We discuss shock-generated turbulence as related to the dynamics of hot gaseous channels produced by laser pulses and electric discharges in gaseous atmospheres. Accurate models of channel development must account for compressible flows, which are associated with shocks that are present at early times, as well as the incompressible residual motion which is responsible for channel cooling. We present an efficient numerical technique which uses the flux-corrected transport algorithm and permits automatic adjustment of the time step to account for both types of behavior. Comparisons of two-dimensional calculations to theory and to experimental data on laser channels show good agreement. Our numerical results reveal a mechanism by which the distribution of turbulent scale lengths is generated during energy deposition.


The first case of a severe reaction to sulfadimethoxine is described. Diffuse vasculitis followed a 7-day administration of this drug. The vasculitis was most prominent in the skin and kidneys since severe dermatitis and critical renal insufficiency dominated the clinical picture.


The present invention provides a method for processing an instant message and a device thereof. A terminal A responds to input of a user and generates a first request message, wherein the first request message comprises indicating information for withdrawing the instant message, withdrawing type and mark of the instant message to be withdrawn, and the instant message to be withdrawn is the instant message which is already transmitted by the terminal. The instant message arrives a terminal B through a server 101. The terminal B updates the instant message to be withdrawn according to the withdrawing type. Through the method of the invention, the user can withdrawn the transmitted instant message. Higher convenience and higher flexibility are obtained for the user.


According to the world health organization 49% of the 10.4 million deaths occurring in children younger than 5 years in developing countries are associated with PEM. The purpose of this study to identify the clinical management of the children affected with marasmus and understands of protocol treatment. Methods and Material: This study targeting health professionals at the hospitals and under five year marasmic children treatment processes. Fifty (50) samples were interview from whole professionals with different health specialists in malnourished children wards at Khartoum-Bahri Teaching Hospital and Ahmed Qassem hospital-Sudan working staffs. The tool used in the study was questionnaire. Result: (76%) of the respondent confirm the major factors that causes marasmus were parents awareness and lack of balance diet. (90%) of the respondent agree the national and international treatment protocols have been applying at the hospitals. (90%) were sure that undergo enough treatment and flow up for marasmic child at the hospitals. (56%) agree about the number of children with marasmus that attended to the hospitals in the past five years increases year after year. 66% were revealed that suitable treatment for children with marasmus are balance diet, vitamins supplementation and ORS (oral dehydration solutions) Conclusion: Both hospitals have been use national and international treatment protocols. All health professionals have being working continuously while affected children come to hospitals increase year after year.


The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the shape of the tooth-slot layer on the coefficient of magnetic conductivity. The results of calculating the slot conductivities of the inductor exciter are presented. The implementation of typical equations that determins the ratio of magnetic conductivity of the slot scattering in each section of the tooth-slot layer is evaluated.


The utility model provides a pluggable household serial port control card utilizing special definition, which comprises an MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit), a resetting circuit, an expansion EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) circuit, four paths of serial port expanding circuits and an SP3238 serial port chip, wherein the resetting circuit, the expansion EEPROM circuit, the four paths of serial port expanding circuits and the SP3238 serial port chip are respectively connected with the MCU. The pluggable household serial port control card is characterized by further comprising an interface of an And gateway main circuit board, and the MCU and a power supply switching circuit are both connected to the interface of the And gateway main circuit board. Compared with the prior art, the pluggable household serial port control card provided by the utility model has the advantages that the special definition pin is made into the pluggable serial port control card, and only the control card is inserted on the basis of the original system, a piece of communication equipment is connected and then the external equipment can be controlled; and on the contrary, if the function is unnecessary, the control card is pulled off, and the increase-decrease characteristic of the functional module brings convenience and benefit to customers and improves the expansibility at the same time.


The rate at which lava emerges from a volcano is a fundamental property of the dynamics of the eruption. Intensive field measurements can capture this. However, for many, often cloud-covered, volcanoes with long-lived eruptions, spaceborne InSAR provides a potentially useful source of information. Repeated DEM creation at intervals allows the changing thickness of the lava flow field to be measured and incremental changes to calculate the volumetric lava flux rate. ERS data from (i) an andesitic lava dome eruption at Soufri re Hills, Montserrat , and (ii) a basaltic andesite lava flow-field at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica illustrate the method. There are two main limitations. Firstly, flowing or otherwise thermomechanically unstable surfaces that are active between interferogram pair acquisitions leads to decorrelation. This effect is particularly difficult on lava domes where the surface is extremely dynamic. Compound lava flow-fields are more tractable. Secondly, very slight motions on flows that have "stopped" can be confused with topography in repeat-pass interferograms. The InSAR-measured rate of lava effusion at Arenal fits well with rates calculated by other methods over the last 30 years. Radar systems best suited to this task should be L-band, have short orbit repeat intervals and moderate perpendicular baselines.


Disclosed herein is a propellant filling device that is capable of reliably filling a prescribed amount of propellant into an aerosol container without variations in the amount of the propellant filled into the aerosol container and of preventing the backflow of the propellant from an aerosol container side to a supply unit side even when the pressure in the aerosol container is higher than a supply unit side pressure. The propellant filling device for filling a propellant into an aerosol container 2 containing a liquid concentrate and the propellant previously filled thereinto includes a valve opening member 4 that continuously presses a valve member 44 to open a valve system of the aerosol container 2 and has a communicating hole 8. On the upper end side of the valve opening member 4, a flow conduit 11 is provided. A valve member 16 is provided in the flow conduit 11 to allow a flow channel 14 of the flow conduit 11 to be closed. The valve system is kept in an open state, and when the pressure in the aerosol container 2 is higher than the supply unit side pressure, the backflow of aerosol content is prevented, and when the supply unit side pressure is higher than the pressure in the aerosol container 2, the propellant flows into the aerosol container 2.


Cobaltdoped LiCoxMn2-xO4 as cathode materials for lithium ion battery were prepared by solgel method using glycine as chelating agent. The effects of cobalt quantity and sintering temperature on the structure, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of LiCoxMn2-xO4 were investigated by means of XRD, SEM and electrochemical methods. The results showed when x=0.12 and the sintering temperature is 750℃, LiCoxMn2-xO4 display the best electrochemical properties.


This study examined the idea that the rise in female criminality in America may be a function of recent changes in women's roles and attitudes, as influenced by the Women's Liberation Movement. 25 female criminals and 25 non-criminals were given the Attitude Towards Women Scale, Open Subordination to Women Scale, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Mf Scale. Analysis indicated that female criminals perceived themselves as being less than traditionally feminine in a world where women should conform to their stereotypically defined roles and behaviors in opposition to what "Women's Lib" would suggest. The opposite was true for the non-criminal females. That it is possible the increase in criminality among females may be accounted for by the increase in arrests and convictions of women was discussed.


The creation of athletes-oriented products from raw milk is a current trend in food technology. The object of the study was a curd whey concentrate obtained by nanofiltration (NF concentrate) with a dry matter content of 18.0%. To increase the food density of the product, different types of whey protein concentrate were added to the samples of NF concentrate in an amount of 5%: with protein mass fractions of 30% (KSBUF-30) and 80% (KSBUF-80). To give the product a gel-like structure, natural pectins from apple pulp and citrus peel were studied. The amount of pectin in the samples was 2%. The work uses ingredients industrially produced by Russian manufacturers. The dry ingredients were completely dissolved at a temperature of (20±2) °C in the NF concentrate, the resulting mixture was pasteurized for 10-15 minutes at (92 ± 2) ° C and cooled to a temperature of (20±2) °C. The consistency of the freshly worked samples was not fluid and looked uniform and smooth. The taste characteristics of all variants slightly changed after 7 days of refrigerated storage at (4±2) °C. The effect of whey protein concentrates and pectin on the consistency of the product was established by the method of rotational viscometry. KSBUF-80 promotes better thickening and gelation, enriches the fermented milk taste of the product. Pectin from citrus peel produces a product with a more uniform structure. In the experimental conditions, the best consumer qualities were manifested when combining KSB-UF80 with pectin from citrus peel.


Let $${(m^2 - n^2, 2mn, m^2 + n^2)}$$(m2-n2,2mn,m2+n2) be a primitive Pythagorean triple such that m, n are positive integers with $${ \gcd (m,n)=1}$$gcd(m,n)=1, $${m > n}$$m>n, $${m\not\equiv n\pmod{2}}$$m≢n(mod2). In 1956, Jeśmanowicz conjectured that the only positive integer solution to the exponential Diophantine equation $${(m^2-n^2)^x + (2mn)^y = (m^2+n^2)^z}$$(m2-n2)x+(2mn)y=(m2+n2)z is x =  y =  z =  2. Let $${(m,n)\equiv(u,v)\pmod{d}}$$(m,n)≡(u,v)(modd) denote $${m\equiv u\pmod{d}}$$m≡u(modd) and $${n\equiv v\pmod{d}}$$n≡v(modd). Using the theory of quartic residue character and elementary method, we first prove Jeśmanowicz' conjecture in the following cases. (i) $${(m,n)\equiv(1,2)\pmod{4}}$$(m,n)≡(1,2)(mod4). (ii) $${(m,n)\equiv(3,2)}$$(m,n)≡(3,2), $${(7,6)\pmod{8}}$$(7,6)(mod8) or $${(m,n)\equiv(3,6)}$$(m,n)≡(3,6), (7,2), (11,14), (15,10) $${(\mod{16})}$$(mod16). (iii) $${(m,n)\equiv(3,14)}$$(m,n)≡(3,14), (7,10), (11,6), $${(15,2)\pmod{16}}$$(15,2)(mod16) and $${y > 1}$$y>1. Then, by using the above results, two lemmas that based on Laurent's deep result and computer assistance, for $${n\equiv2\pmod{4}}$$n≡2(mod4) with $${n < 600}$$n<600, we prove the conjecture without any assumption on m.


Fish-eye disease is a rare genetic disorder of high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism that is characterized biochemically by a partial deficiency of the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). One of the mutations that is causative for fish-eye disease occurs at codon 123 of the LCAT gene. This mutation results in the exchange of a threonine residue for an isoleucine in the LCAT protein (Thr123-->Ile). In order to understand the functional significance of this exchange, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to reconstruct this mutation in an LCAT cDNA followed by expression of the mutant LCAT in COS-1 cells. The fish-eye disease mutation resulted in a 50% decrease in LCAT mass in the culture medium compared to wild type enzyme. The secreted mutant protein was incapable of esterifying cholesterol in HDL and HDL analogues. However, this protein retained the ability to esterify cholesterol in plasma and low density lipoprotein. These results support the hypothesis that this mutation is responsible for biochemical abnormalities of LCAT observed in fish-eye disease and the mutant LCAT protein has lost the potential to esterify cholesterol in the HDL pool but retains the ability to esterify cholesterol from other lipoproteins.


This issue constitutes a selected collection of papers presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Biosignal Interpretation (BSI2002), after a careful reviewing made by the Editorial Committee. The Workshop was a joint initiative of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE-EMBS) and the Japan Society of Medical Electronics and Biomedical Engineering (JSMEBE), co-sponsored by the Associazione Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica Italiana (AEI), the Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Medica e Biologica (AIIMB) and the Polytechnic University in Milano. ..


Objectives of the Study The aim of this research is threefold. The first objective is to define the concept of service quality in the context of home delivery of physically large consumer goods. Second objective for the research is to identify different customer segments and their key value drivers. Third object for this research is to identify those elements in the service process that could be used to modularize the service package. Academic background and methodology Important quality aspects of the home delivery service were revealed by literature review. The empirical part of the research was conducted through esurvey. The questions were formulated based on the literature review and discussions with Customer Company X. The survey was designed from the perspective of consumers and divided into meaningful parts of the service process. 240 people responded to the survey. Findings and conclusions In the service management literature, many authors have quite recently mentioned that quality of a particular product or service is whatever the customer perceives it to be. Enhancing the customer perceived value through service modularization was considered a better approach for Customer Company X. The survey results suggest that possibilities for service modularization can be found in multiple parts of service process.


The centers of most galaxies are believed to harbor supermassive black holes (SMBH) millions of times more massive than our Sun. Only a small fraction of these black holes are fed gas at high rates, resulting in extremely bright active galactic nuclei (AGN). These large amounts of gas are then expelled, in the form of a collimated jet, out of the galaxy at speeds close to the speed of light. The remaining class of galactic nuclei are deemed low-luminosity AGN, in which the SMBH is starved of the local gas, thereby producing little radiation for us to observe. My doctoral research has focused on modeling the emission and inferring properties of the emission sites in both classes of galactic nuclei.


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With the rapidly worsening capitalist demolition of the planetary environment and the expansion of ecosocialist movements in response, leading establishment think tanks, like the corporate-supported Breakthrough Institute, dedicated to promoting the ideology of "green capitalism" at any cost, have found themselves in a difficult place.


In this paper the attosecond laser pulse tissue is investigated. The master equation is formulated and solved. The thermal relaxation time and thermal waves speed are calculated


Aksay jump is one of the 6 major single in figure, was the only forward takeoff action in 6 major jump, plays an important position in the game. Aksay jump is a sign of technique advanced for skaters, is also the highest score action in the same week. At present, there are some technical problems of Chinese skaters on Aksai jump, analyzing and discussing the common technical errors, and put forward some improving suggestions, in order to solve the existing technical problems of Chinese figure skaters on Aksay jump.


With the increase in current densities, electromigration has become a critical concern in high-performance designs. Typically, electromigration has involved the process of time-domain simulation of drivers and interconnect to obtain average, RMS, and peak current values for each wire segment. However, this approach cannot be applied to large problem sizes where hundreds of thousands of nets must be analyzed, each consisting of many thousands of RC elements. In this paper, we propose a static electromigration analysis approach. We show that under conditions that are typically met by VLSI interconnects, the charge transfer through wire segments of a net can be calculated directly by solving a system of linear equations, thereby eliminating the need for time domain simulation. Also, we prove that under these conditions the charge transfer through a wire segment is independent of the shape of the driver current waveform. From the charge transfer through each wire segment, the average current is obtained directly, as well as approximate RMS and peak currents. We account for the different possible switching scenarios that give rise to unidirectional or bi-directional current by separating the charge transfer from the rising and falling transitions, and also propose approaches for modeling multiple simultaneous switching drivers. The results on a number of industrial circuits demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach.


Bean Dregs contain abundant dietary fibers (DF), proteins, fats, vitamins and microelements, among which DF takes more than 50% content thus bean dregs are good raw material for extracting DF. DF is named as the seventh major nutrients since it has many important physiological functions. It can promote intestinal peristalsis to reduce the food dwelling time in gastrointestinal tract and speed up excretion. DF has powerful water absorbing swelling nature which can reduce food intake dose. Moreover, xylons in DF can combine with cholic acid to prevent calculus. Since most DF in bean dregs are insoluble and cannot be absorbed by human body, we planned to conduct extrusion process to convert some insoluble DF to soluble DF by a series of unit processes. Research showed that by adjusting heating temperature, screwing speed, water content in bean dregs, a certain portion of insoluble DF changed to soluble DF. This results greatly increased the availability of DF in bean dregs.


Abstract: As fresh produce consumption by US consumers increased, so too did outbreaks of illness related to consumption of those commodities. In response, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), together with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), developed guidance setting out good agricultural practices (GAPs) to minimize contamination of produce, and began working with food safety partners to promote their adoption. In implementing GAPs, lessons learned during key outbreaks have led to enhanced efforts to minimize illness related to consumption of fresh produce through prevention, response, education and research. The Agency is now working to establish on-farm preventive controls that will be mandatory for many produce growers and packers.


This study examines the history of Salt Spring Island, which lies between the mainland of British Columbia and Vancouver Island, in the first years of non-Native settlement, 1859 to 1891. Its foundation is a quantitative database, compiled from a wide variety of routinely-generated sources that detail the lives of island residents over time. Land records, rarely used by 1. British Columbia historians, provide important insights into the relationships between landownership, household and community in this rural area. The dissertation begins by exploring the rural discourse articulated by policy makers and reformers, who, notwithstanding the resource industries and laissez-fai?e capitalism of nineteenth-century British Columbia, identified the settlement of farm families on country lands as integral to the stability and prosperity of the province. This 'official' discourse of rural, rooted in liberal ideas of profit and progress, was expressed in the creation of the pre-emption system of rural land acquisitian which allowed occupation prior to purchase, and purchase at a low price conditional on land improvements and continuous residency. The first half of this dissertation traces the ways in which this official discourse was realized in the success of the pre-emption system on Salt Spring Island: notwithstanding high rates of claim abandonment, land speculation was curtailed, and a solid core of families was established, most headed by farmers whose geographic persistence rivaled that of farmers in the settled regions of central Canada. The second half of this study explores how, in spite of the rhetoric of successful agricultural capitalism, most island farmers failed to become commercial agriculturalists. Instead, families used their land, most of it unimproved and unpurchased, as a cheap, secure and flexible foundation for a variety of economic endeavours -self-provisioning activities in the rich coastal environment, intermittent waged work on and off the island, and . . . 111 occasional sales of farm produce -better suited to raising a family than accumulating capital. Economic behaviours, power structures, patterns of land use, family formations, and community organization suggest that island residents experienced rural life within a different set of parameters than those provided by the liberal discourse of agricultural improvement and 4 -. commercial success. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation owes its progress over the years to a great many colleagues and friends. Mary Davidson and Sue Mouat, both long time Salt Spring Island residents, first roused my interest in the island with their enthusiasm for and knowledge about 'their' island. Over the years, their assistance and encouragement have made this dissertation possible. Jack Little, who has supervised my research and writing, has proved an invaluable critic and colleague with his detailed knowledge of rural Canadian history, and his sensitivity to the difficulties and richness of microhistorical investigations. He has also provided, heroically, much needed editorial assistance in earlier, and much denser, versions of this dissertation. Conversations with Mary Lynn Stewart and Ian Dyck, both in the history department at Simon Fraser, have helped me to understand the complex relations between gender, culture, power and rural society. I would also like to thank Tina Loo for keen critical eye on my work as this dissertation has progressed. Allen Seager's discussions, and especially his songs, have brought British Columbians of an earlier era alive for me. Jean Barman, in the Educational Studies Department at the University of British Columbia has provided me with important information about Salt Spring Island families, and has shared generously her own insights into British Columbia and Salt Spring Island history. Her unwavering support and encouragement over these years have meant a lot to me. Also at the University of British Columbia, Bob MacDonald has been generous with his time and his knowledge of British Columbia history, directing my research by challenging my interpretations. Keith Ralston, now retired from UBC has, like Bob, often overwhelmed me with his knowledge of British Columbia history, and his willingness to share it. His probing questions about race and power on Salt Spring Island encouraged me to question earlier interpretations of island history. I would like to thank Cole Harris for sharing his understanding of rural British Columbia with me. Discussions with Peter Baskerville at the University of Victoria have been important in helping me to clarify my own thoughts about rural populations. I would like to thank Ian McPherson, whose knowledge and enthusiasm for rural history first got me thinking about the need to challenge the urban focus of so much Canadian history. The lively discussions with other colleagues and friends have been of great assistance to me. John Lutz' extensive knowledge of Aboriginal peoples in British Columbia has helped me formulate my own ideas about rural society and culture on this coast, while Daniel Marshall's familiarity with the politics and society of colonial Vancouver Island has been both helpful and inspiring. Richard Mackie, with both his scholarly and personal knowledge of British Columbia history, has helped me understand some of our common historical acquaintances, and the wider contexts in which they lived. Discussions with Bruce Stadfeld, Theresa Healy, Bonita Bray, Ken Favrholdt, David Peterson del Mar, Adele Perry, John Belshaw, Carol Williams and Duncan Stacey have helped keep me sane, and interested in British Columbia history. Discussions about rural Canada with Chad Gaffield, Cecilia Danysk, Danny Samson, Peter Russell, Beatrice Craig, and Roy Loewen have informed and delighted. George Brandak, Archivist at Special Collections at UBC has proved to be not only an extremely knowledgeable colleague, but very helpful. Marvin Cahodas has been a great source of support and inspiration, as well as a great editor. Without his encouragement, I never would have begun, let alone completed, this process. I would like to thank my family for their endurance, and their support over these years. Finally, I would like to thank those people who lived on Salt Spring Island between 1859 and 1891, and have shared their lives with me. Table of


Gauthier's collages extend her series of six acrylics on canvas called "Prey and Predators" (1984-1985) and based on a criticism of news reports on television. In untranslated essays dealing with notions of selfportrait, collage and seduction, LeGris-Bergman and Enright comment on this series and this book-collage project. Biographical notes on the artist and authors.


This paper addresses two fundamental problems in the context of jump linear systems (JLS). The first problem is concerned with characterizing the minimal state space dimension solely from input-output pairs and without any knowledge of the number of mode switches. The second problem is concerned with characterizing the number of discrete modes of the JLS. For the first problem, we develop a linear system theory based approach and construct an appropriate Hankel–like matrix. The rank of this matrix gives us the state space dimension. For the second problem we show that minimal number of modes corresponds to the minimal rank of a positive semi–definite matrix obtained via a non–convex formulation.


This paper proposes a new type of Collaborative Teaching Model (CTM) for "Creative Engineering Design Team" (CEDT) in higher education. It is main problem that CEDT want to train the college students in comprehensive ability. At present, their abilities in cooperation and communication, professional work, innovation practice, transaction management and social adaptation etc. are common problems in current college education in China. CEDT try to explore a method to cultivate the students' ability with a new teaching model. In traditional teaching model, in a course, only one teacher has to face many students. CTM will try to change this type, and should have several teachers to complete a relative complex engineering project in collaborative mode. Therefore, study how to design curriculum system to reform CEDT teaching goal, analyze CEDT how to adapt to the requirement of engineering student professional training, or put forward new requirements. To meet the needs of enterprises and social talents, CEDT project design will be the direction of efforts. Summary of CEDT practices in the past few years, some methods, problems and conclusion will be drawn. Key-Words: Collaborative teaching model, Creative engineering design team, Student professional training, Education reform, Higher education, Comprehensive ability


Objective To study the nursing care in the whole process of the interventional treatment of late hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy(PCNL).Methods The 38 patients received intervention treatment of late-onset hemorrhage after PCNL from January 2012 to October 2014 in our hospital were studied.The preoperative care,intraoperative care and postoperative nursing,prevention of complications,and discharge guidance were compared including the whole nursing,observation of catheter and fistula drainage fluid,postoperative complications and other indicators.Results All patients with interventional therapy were no abnormalities,2-5 days after catheter or fistula,there were no red liquid drainage,and further hemorrhage.Hematology showed that there were no progressive lower hemoglobin and hematocrit.The bleeding puncture point,puncture point around the hematoma,pulmonary infection,pressure sores,embolism syndrome,postoperative complications such as infection were not evident.The patients were discharged from hospital after 5-7 days postoperative rehabilitation.ConclusionThe whole process nursing can not only effectively improve the success rate of surgery,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,but also can effectively promote the patient recover,and improve patient satisfaction.


Vocabulary knowledge is crucial for comprehending input and generating output. To date, vocabulary learning has been extensively researched regarding incidental vocabulary learning, the effect of various input modes and input enhancement techniques, yet more studies are needed to explore and discuss pedagogical implications. The monograph under review, authored by Lawrence J. Zwier and Frank Boers, bridges the gap between research and practice. The monograph elaborates on L2 vocabulary acquisition from theory development (Chapters 1 & 2), empirical studies (Chapters 3 & 4), curricular design (Chapters 5 to 7), and classroom practice (Chapters 8 to 11) respectively.


If you ask me which of the Nazi leaders was the most depraved, I tell you it was Hjalmar Schacht. You object? Then, let me ask you a question. Which has the more evil motives: an epidemic of pneumonic plague, or the chemist who deliberately unleashed that infection upon a major city? It is an ugly, painful, but completely true fact: Each and every recipient of the Nobel Prize for economics has achieved academic fame for advocating policies which mean global genocide in today's practice. The case of the abysmally immoral drug-lobbyist, Professor Milton Friedman, is almost too obvious. In only one of his academic claims is Friedman correct; he is absolutely correct when he asserts that his monetarist doctrines are modeled upon those of the Nazi regime.1 Are the other Nobel economics award recipients less evil than Friedman? To the helpless victims of the Auschwitz gas-chambers, all SS uniforms looked the same. This brown stain on the Nobel Prize is no mere academic controversy. Consider such cases as the economics departments of Yale and Cambridge (England) universities, or of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Whence come the policies of intentional genocide of such supranational agencies as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank? The economics depart-


Background: Cerebral Palsy is a spacious term which highlights an extensive gamut of motor affliction which has a stagnant tendency. The estimated Cerebral Palsy is indeed very prevalent in developed nations 2 out of the next 1000 live births and neonatal survivors. Among several Cerebral Palsy comes in a variety of manifestations. Spastic Diplegia is common in a majority of Preterm babies. Several treatment strategies of Physical therapy are utilized for Spastic Diplegia. This research focusses on assessing the Efficiency of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques over the Dimensions of Balance and Gait in children with Spastic Diplegia.
Objective: To evaluate the Effectiveness and impact of the techniques of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on Balance, Gait Parameters and Pelvic Asymmetry in children having Spastic Diplegia.
Methods: In this Randomized Clinical Trial, subjects (n= 40) having Spastic Diplegia will be selected and segregated in two groups using simple random sampling method with 1:1 allocation ratio. The allocation will be done through sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope (SNOSE). Subjects in the experimental group will receive Pelvic PNF techniques like Rhythmic initiation and Slow reversal with Task- Oriented training which will contain sit to stand exercises, walking on the ground and reaching tasks for improving the balance and those in the other group will be given only Task- Oriented training for 4 weeks following baseline assessments. Throughout the treatment session and following 4 weeks follow up will be taken by assessing the Balance and Gait parameters of the subjects. The study duration will.  be of 1 year. Subjects with Spastic Diplegia with an age group of 8 to 12 years  who are able to do independent sitting, who are coming under GMFCS level I to III and those who are having pelvic asymmetry will be included in the study while subjects who had any surgery of spine or lower limb in past 6 months, who are having fixed deformities of spine or lower limb or any fracture or dislocation of spine or lower limb will be excluded from the study.
Results: Results will be recorded by using the outcome measures and instruments such as Pediatric Balance Scale, Gait Parameters and Palpation meter device at the end of the intervention and the effects of Pelvic PNF techniques will be compared with the other group which will receive Task oriented training. The statistical analysis will be done by using paired t test but if the data does not follow a normal distribution then Wilcoxon sign rank test will be used.
Discussion: The intention and motive of the study is to check the Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques on Balance and Gait Parameters in children with Spastic Diplegia.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is to acquire the fruitfulness of Approaches of Pelvic PNF on Balance and Gait Parameters in children having Spastic Diplegia.


[Objective] To explore indications,surgical characteristics,prevention and management of biliary complications of T-tube drainage(TD)and primary closure(PC)during laparoscopic choledochotomy(LCD).[Methods] 116 cases underwent LCD in our hospital from Nov.1997 to Nov.2005.Clinical data of group TD(54 cases)and group PC(62 cases)were studied comparatively and retrospectively.[Results] There were no significance in diameter of common bile duct,operative time,postoperative bile leakage and bile duct stricture between two groups(P 0.05).Postoperative period of gastrointestinal function recovery,fluid infusion and hospital stay had been shortened significantly in group PC(P 0.01).There was no operative death.[Conclusions] Choice of TD or PC during LCD depends on their indications.Indications for PC including mainly clearance and no stricture of common bile duct are more strict than that for TD.Postoperative effects of PC are better than that of TD significantly.But T-tube provides an effective access for choangiography and retained stones management by choledochoscopy.Indications must be chosen precisely and laparoscopic techniques should be improved in order to prevent biliary complications effectively.


High power FELs driven by recirculating, energy-recovering linacs can exhibit instabilities in the beam energy and laser output power. Fluctuations in the accelerating cavity fields can cause beam loss on apertures, phase oscillations and optical cavity detuning. These can affect the laser power and in turn the beam-induced voltage to further enhance the fluctuations of the rf fields. A theoretical model was developed to study the dynamics of the coupled system and was presented last year. Recently, a first set of experimental data was obtained at the Jefferson Lab IRFEL for direct comparisons with the model. The authors describe the experiment, present the data together with the modeling predictions and outline future directions.


A 3D physical modeling stand has been developed to study the redistributed stress field and pattern consistency of the stresses in the exposed open-pit wall on the mountain terrain due to natural unexposed slope of the mountain above the crest of the wall under loading conditions. In such a geotechnical analysis, the modeling stand can also be used to determine the rational parameters of the multistage waste rock dumps or stockpile structures constructed on shallow terrain, as well as in hard topographical conditions, based on the assessments of the redistributed stress field due to each depositing layers.
The above-mentioned 3D physical modeling stand to define the stresses in natural-mountain-loaded open-pit wall have been certified as a patent by RA Intellectual Property Agency of N 713 Y.


Two new iridoids, methyl (+)-rel-(1R,3S,4R,5R,8R,9R)-1,3,4,5,8,9-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2H -1a,2-dioxacyclopent[cd]indene-4-carboxylate (1) and methyl (+)-rel-(1R,3S,4S,5R,8R,9R)-1,3,4,5,8,9-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2H -1a,2-dioxacyclopent[cd]indene-4-carboxylate (2), were isolated from Viburnum cylindricum along with 14 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. This type of iridoids bearing a MeO group at C(3) was discovered for the first time.


In the recent years, the Internet of Things has been becoming a vulnerable target of intrusion attacks. As the academia and industry move towards bringing the Internet of Things (IoT) to every sector of our lives, much attention needs to be given to develop advanced Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect such attacks. In this work, we propose Codebook-based Encoded Flow Features (CEFFs) as an innovative method to transform the raw flow-based statistical features into more discriminative representations taking into account the different flow features and patterns of various devices. Based on the proposed CEFFs, we build and leverage Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based classifiers to discriminate the malicious flows from the benign ones. The effectiveness of the proposed CEFFs for intrusion detection is evaluated on two state-of-the-art realistic datasets, achieving high accuracies and low false positive rates across a variety of intrusion attacks.


In today's internationalized learning environment, intercultural communicative competence is deemed insufficient for students. Academic mobility presents challenges and opportunities due to language, culture, and learning background differences. The number of international students in Ukrainian universities is increasing. The efficacy of project-based learning in foreign language acquisition is recognized and incorporated into the English language syllabus in Ukraine. The current study investigates the effectiveness of project-based activities in English classes at Ukrainian University for improving students' intercultural communicative competence and autonomous learning. It included seven university English language teachers and five groups of 59 students from various cultural backgrounds. Classroom observation and case study design were carried out to describe how the teachers and students used project-based learning. This research will provide new perspectives on the effective incorporation of project-based activities in English classes to boost students' communication confidence to collaborate with diverse cultural groupmates and develop autonomy in learning. The study revealed that project-based learning allowed students to interact with the target content, focusing on long-term memory and promoting attitudes about education. Several advantages of this technique over traditional methods of improving international communicative skills and increasing confidence in language acquisition were highlighted by teachers and students. It engaged students in collaborative and cooperative language learning, improved their digital literacy, and promoted student autonomy. Thus, the project-based learning approach is highly recommended for educational use by teachers and students and should be encouraged in universities.


I am indebted to Richard Nahuis, Ton van Schaik and Sjak Smulders for useful comments. Remaining * errors are of course mine.


The dependence of the dissolution rate of unexposed resist on the concentration of a developer was investigated using a practical resist composition and its film. From the results, the mechanism of the dissolution inhibition effect was discussed. The lower the average value of esterification of a photoactive compound becomes, the higher the dissolution rate becomes and the larger the dependence of the dissolution inhibition effect on the concentration of the developer becomes. The number of all hydroxyl groups in photoactive compounds plays the main role in the dissolution inhibition effect greater than the influence of the number of all hydroxyl groups in the novolak resin, which are out of the interaction with naphthoquinonediazide sulfonyl moieties in the photoactive compound, i.e., "masking effect".


Large space structures are under the studies at National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) for the future space activities. Ceramic fibre is one of the hopeful materials for the components and tethers due to the excellence in the thermal-chemical performances. The potential maximum strength or "the upper limit of the tensile strength" must be known on the bundle for setting the goals of the structural studies. However, there have been few works on the "upper limit of the strength" for the commercial ceramic bundles, although the statistics is a pending problem for estimating the potential maximum strength. In this work, Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber (UBE Industry Co.) was selected as an example for the bundle strength characterisation. Variation in the diameter was considered on both along each fibre and between fibres for the Weibull model. A practical "upper limit" was reported on the tensile strength of the bundle.


Aarskog syndrome is a rare X-linked inherited disorder characterized by short stature, multiple facial, dental, digital and urogenital abnormalities. Here is one such male patient aged 20 years who was short statured and had dysmorphic facies with lack of eruption of multiple permanent teeth. He also had shawl scrotum with low IQ. The clinical appearance was coinciding with most of the features suggested in Aarskog syndrome.


In the context of increasing globalization and world trade flows, this survey reviews the most recent literature related to country competitiveness. Although Krugman (1994) maintains that competitiveness at country level is a "dangerous obsession", this concept is becoming more prominent in public debate. However, it lacks a clear definition and confusion between the country and firm levels. This survey focuses on competitiveness from an export perspective because "what you export matters" (Hausmann et al., 2007), and tries to fill the gap between the former understanding and the new theoretical insights/stylized facts. More precisely, this literature review investigates four complementary indexes related to a country's productive and export structure: (i) productive diversification, (ii) export sophistication, (iii) product space, and (iv) economic complexity. It proposes nine building blocks for competitiveness at country level.


Innovative societies need people who are equipped with scientific and technological competences e.g. are scientifically literate. Being scientifically literate encompasses a large set of competences, many beyond those which are directly linked with exhibiting acquired scientific knowledge. While PISA studies mainly give a comparison of students' science knowledge, thinking and process skills, the assessment is not so much about the skills needed in the workplace or functioning in society as a responsible citizen. This suggests there is a need for further comparative studies to cover this deficit. Such kind of research is essential directed to those countries which have shown high results in PISA studies (e.g. Estonia) in order to interpret PISA results more widely in new contexts. This is especially highlighted by recent findings from research carried out among a representative sample of Estonian gymnasium students. The outcomes showed that students' problem solving, decision-making and reasoning skill do not significantly change during the gymnasium years, even though the amount of science factual knowledge is increasing (Rannikmäe, Reiska & Soobard, 2014, Soobard & Rannikmäe, 2014).


A new, rugged, precise and accurate gravimetric method has been developed for the determination of silver in various silver bearing materials. Several gravimetry and instrumental methods have been reported in the literature for silver determination, but the fire assay method E2295-03(2008) e1E 1335-08 reported in ASTM is the only standard test method accepted internationally. This method is cumbersome, time consuming, and only a well trained chemist can perform the test. In this method the determination of silver has been carried out as silver chloride. The silver chloride formed is highly hygroscopic and converts into silver metal on exposure to light, on keeping the silver chloride for up to a few hours to covert into metallic silver. But we do not consider this in our calculations, we calculate on the basis of silver chloride, so it may affect the final results. Considering these facts a gravimetry method has been developed, after reducing silver nitrate to metallic silver using hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ammoniacal medium. In the method proposed the metallic silver formed is non-hygroscopic and is stable for several months. A comparison study has also been carried out following the primary (gravimetry) method and the existing ASTM method. A primary method of measurement is a method having the highest metrological qualities, whose operation is completely described and understood in terms of SI units and whose results are accepted without reference to a standard of the same quantity. Gravimetry is a primary method, but parallel validation has been carried out by analyzing a certified reference material of silver procured from SCP Science, Canada. The formation of metallic silver and silver chloride has been confirmed by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The method has also been tested in the presence of several impurities of single or multi-elements, which is generally added to the silver metal. The calculation of uncertainty has also been done following the EURACHEM/GUM guideline. After the experiment it has been found that the uncertainty result mostly depends on the uncertainty due to repeatability, weighing balance and atomic mass of silver. On the basis of the proposed method and the ASTM method the purity of silver was found to be 99.841 ± 0.085% and 99.746 ± 0.105%, whereas the recovery of silver using the SCP reference standard was found to be 99.971 ± 0.20% and 99.941 ± 0.202% respectively with 95% confidence level (k = 2). The method proposed is highly reproducible, rugged and can be used for accurate and precise determination of silver in various silver materials.


Insecticide sprays were applied to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) populations carrying various combinations of three insecticide resistance mechanisms (esterase-based metabolic resistance and two target site mechanisms, known as MACE and kdr), supported on host plants growing in field simulator cages. The study showed that MACE confers extreme resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate (carbamate insecticides) but not to deltamethrin + heptenophos (16 + 1) (Decisquick) or dimethoate (an organophosphorus insecticide). Resistance to dimethoate depends solely on levels of esterase-based resistance, while resistance to Decisquick depends on kdr and esterase. None of the four insecticides is effective against aphids carrying MACE combined with extreme esterase-based resistance. This knowledge, in association with current monitoring of the mechanisms, will play an important role in making decisions on insecticide use against M persicae in the UK.

© 1999 Society of Chemical Industry


Films of solid polymer electrolyte based on chitosan and silver triflate (AgCF3SO3) have been prepared by casting technique. As a confirmation, the UV-vis results show the temperature dependence of silver nanoparticles. The dielectric constant increases with increasing salt concentration. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss curves show the higher values in the low frequency region and they are almost constant at higher frequencies. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss values are decreased above 358 K, as a result of transformation from silver ion to silver nanoparticles. The loss tangent peaks are broad and their heights decrease above 358 K. The broadness of loss tangent peaks indicates the distribution of relaxation time.


In today's era of evaporating operating profits, numerous organizations, including hospitals, universities and not-for-profit entities, are increasingly focusing on charitable giving as a funding source. In this paper, we examine the organ-izational and consumer demographic characteristics which influence charitable giving. This study adds to the body of research that has been conducted in the charitable giving area to help us better understand the relationship between these two aspects. An exploratory analysis of 143 males and 161 females suggests that people are most likely to make their charitable giving decisions based on the reputation of a charity. The results of this study also suggest that some factors have differing influences across demographic groups. Managerial implications are discussed.


Mucus acts as a protective barrier on wet epithelial surfaces in the body including the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. A main component of mucus is mucin, which give mucus its viscoelastic properties and is a key component of host defense at these epithelial interfaces. Altered mucin production has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease and respiratory illnesses like cystic fibrosis, which highlights the importance of regulated mucin production. Although the role of mucins in gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses has been well characterized, little is known about how salivary mucins protect the oral cavity from common diseases such as dental caries. Streptococcus mutans is one of the primary bacteria that cause dental caries, which form when bacteria grow on tooth surfaces then produce organic acids as metabolic byproducts. The decrease in local pH leads to dissolution of tooth enamel then cavity formation. The research in this thesis uses purified human MUC5B salivary mucin to better understand how this mucin could play a role in the prevention of cavity formation. Results shown in Chapter 2 demonstrate that MUC5B significantly reduces S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation on glass and hydroxyapatite. In addition, MUC5B does not significantly reduce S. mutans viability indicating the decrease in S. mutans surface colonization is due to a shift in cells from the biofilm to the planktonic state. In Chapter 3, a dual-species competition


Safety glasses (clear lens) (must meet Z87 safety standards) Toolbox with lock 6" steel ruler 0-1" micrometer 6" dial calipers 60 Deg.Center gauge Drill point gauge 10 "mill file Thread pitch gauge (metric & inch) Allen wrench set (inch) (Quality Ball driver set) Magnetic base with 1" travel indicator Mighty mag magnetic base Thread measuring wire set Deburring tool (10) each – 3/8 square tool bits (3 inches long) (6) each #4 combined drill & countersink Hack saw, With 6 blades Edge finder Scientific Calculator (TI35) (TI30x) (TI30xa) Sharpie marker Scribe Three ring notebook (with page protectors)


06–73Al-Sa'Di, Rami A. & Jihad M. Hamdan (U Jordan, Amman, Jordan; email@example.com), 'Synchronous online chat' English: Computer-mediated communication. World Englishes (Blackwell) 24.4 (2005), 409–424. 06–74Bitchener, John, Stuart Young & Denise Cameron (Auckland, New Zealand), The effect of different types of corrective feedback on ESL student writing. Journal of Second Language Writing (Elsevier) 14.3 (2005), 191–205. 06–75Blevins, Wiley (Scholastic Inc., USA), The importance of reading fluency and the English language learner. The Language Teacher (Japan Association for Language Teaching) 29.6 (2005), 13–16. 06–76Brown, Annie (U Melbourne, Australia; email@example.com), Self-assessment of writing in independent language learning programs: The value of annotated samples. Assessing Writing (Elsevier) 10.3 (2005), 174–191. 06–77Claridge, Gillian (International Pacific College, New Zealand), Simplification in graded readers: Measuring the authenticity of graded texts. Reading in a Foreign Language (National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawaii) 17.2 (2005), 144–159. 06–78Eriksson, Katarina & Karin Aronsson (U Linköping, Sweden), 'We're really lucky': Co-creating 'us' and the 'other' in school booktalk. Discourse & Society (Sage) 16.5 (2005), 719–738. 06–79Ferenz, Orna (Bar Ilan U, Ramat Gan, Israel; firstname.lastname@example.com), EFL writers' social networks: Impact on advanced academic literacy development. Journal of English for Academic Purposes (Elsevier) 4.4 (2005), 339–351 06–80Fowle, Clyde (Macmillan Education, East Asia), Simply read-Introducing reading for pleasure. The Language Teacher (Japan Association for Language Teaching) 29.6 (2005), 20–22. 06–81Hee Ko, Myong (Seoul National U, Korea; firstname.lastname@example.com), Glosses, comprehension, and strategy use. Reading in a Foreign Language (National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawaii) 17.2 (2005), 125–143. 06–82Hinkel, Eli (Seattle U, USA), Hedging, inflating, and persuading in L2 academic writing. Applied Language Learning (Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center and Presidio of Monterey, USA) 15.1 & 15.2 (2005), 29–53. 06–83Hirvela, Alan (Ohio State U, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Yuerong Liu Sweetland, Two case studies of L2 writers' experiences across learning-directed portfolio contexts. Assessing Writing (Elsevier), 10.3 (2005), 192–213. 06–84Holligan, Chris (U Paisley, UK), Fact and fiction: A case history of doctoral supervision. Educational Research (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 47.3 (2005), 267–278. 06–85Kaakinnen, Johanna K. & Jukka Hyona (U Turku, Finland), Perspective effects on expository text comprehension: Evidence from think-aloud protocols, eyetracking, and recall. Discourse Processes (Lawrence Erlbaum) 40.3 (2005), 239–257. 06–86Kimball, Miles (Texas Technical U, USA), Database e-portfolio systems: A critical appraisal. Computers and Composition (Elsevier) 22.4 (2005), 434–458. 06–87Krekeler, Christian (Konstanz U of Applied Sciences, Germany), Language for special academic purposes (LSAP) testing: The effect of background knowledge revisited. Language Testing (Hodder Arnold) 23.1 (2006), 99–130. 06–88Lillis, Theresa (The Open U, UK) & Mary Jane Curry, Professional academic writing by multilingual scholars: Interactions with literacy brokers in the production of English-medium texts.Written Communication (Sage) 23.1 (2006), 3–35. 06–89Martínez, Iliana A. (Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina), Native and non-native writers' use of first person pronouns in the different sections of biology research articles in English. Journal of Second Language Writing (Elsevier) 14.3 (2005), 174–190. 06–90Pavri, Shireen (California State U, USA), Johnell Bentz, Janetta Fleming Bradley & Laurie Corso, 'Me amo leer' reading experiences in a central Illinois summer migrant education programme. Language, Culture and Curriculum (Multilingual Matters) 18.2 (2005), 154–163. 06–91Reinheimer, David A. (Southeast Missouri State U, USA; email@example.com), Teaching composition online: Whose side is time on?Computers and Composition (Elsevier) 22.4 (2005), 459–470. 06–92Rott, Susanne (U Illinois at Chicago, USA), Processing glosses: A qualitative exploration of how form–meaning connections are established and strengthened. Reading in a Foreign Language (National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawaii), 17.2 (2005), 95–124. 06–93Salmeron, Ladislao (U Granada, Spain), Jose J. Canas, Walter Kintsch & Immaculada Fajardo, Reading strategies and hypertext comprehension. Discourse Processes (Lawrence Erlbaum) 40.3 (2005), 171–191. 06–94Sapp, David Alan & James Simon (Fairfield U, USA; email@example.com), Comparing grades in online and face-to-face writing courses: Interpersonal accountability and institutional commitment. Computers and Composition (Elsevier) 22.4 (2005), 471–489. 06–95Shaffer, Jeffrey (Osaka Gakuin U, Japan), Choosing narrow reading texts for incidental vocabulary acquisition. The Language Teacher (Japan Association for Language Teaching) 29.7 (2005), 21–27. 06–96Storch, Neomy (U Melbourne, Australia), Collaborative writing: Product, process, and students' reflections. Journal of Second Language Writing (Elsevier) 14.3 (2005), 153–173. 06–97Syrquin, Anna F. (U Miami, USA), Registers in the academic writing of African American college students. Written Communication (Sage) 23.1 (2006), 63–90. 06–98Tardy, Christine M. (DePaul U, USA; email@example.com), 'It's like a story': Rhetorical knowledge development in advanced academic literacy. Journal of English for Academic Purposes (Elsevier) 4.4 (2005), 325–338. 06–99Taylor, Alison (U the West of England, UK), Elisabeth Lazarus & Ruth Cole, Putting languages on the (drop down) menu: Innovative writing frames in modern foreign language teaching. Educational Review (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 57.4 (2005), 435–455. 06–100Tetsuhito, Shizuka, Takeuchi, Osamu, Yashima, Tomoko & Yoshizawa, Kiyomi (Kansai U, Japan), A comparison of three- and four-option English tests for university entrance selection purposes in Japan. Language Testing (Hodder Arnold) 23.1 (2006), 35–57. 06–101Thomas, Sue (De Montfort U, UK), Narratives of digital life at the trAce online writing centre. Computers and Composition (Elsevier) 22.4 (2005), 493–501. 06–102You, Xiaoye (The Pennsylvania State U, USA; email@example.com), 'The choice made from no choice': English writing instruction in a Chinese university. Journal of Second Language Writing (Elsevier) 13.2 (2004), 97–110.


The New Global Tectonics admits convection in the upper mande as one of the possible driving forces. An experimental model which permits the study of convection in a fluid with internal homogeneous heat generation has been constructed. The development of asymmetric convection patterns suggests some in-teresting geophysical interpretations.


The authors investigated Si(100) surfaces prepared by vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in an attenuated total reflection configuration and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). They detected the symmetric and antisymmetric stretch modes of the H–Si–Si–H monohydrides using FTIR in agreement with the associated (2×1)/(1×2) LEED patterns. Polarized FTIR measurements verified the surface character of the observed hydrogen bonds. Exchanging the process gas in our VPE reactor to argon at an intermediate temperature of around 700 °C showed the impact of the hydrogen ambient during the cooling phase at the end of the process. The authors were able to obtain a strong preference of one of the two possible surface domains by variation of the cooling procedure and quantified the domain ratio by comparison of the absorption due to the antisymmetric modes in polarized spectra parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence.


Here1 we present additional details for paper [4]. In particular, we provide more details about our notation, explain basic concepts from algebraic geometry used, and implementation details including commented implementations of typical examples of dominance checking and symbolic as well as numeric degree computation. We also relate our 32003 problems to the classical formulation based on calibrated homography [5]. The code of all examples is available at https://github.com/timduff35/PLMP


This paper uses a "principal strata" approach to decompose treatment effects and interpret why a schooling intervention that yielded exceptional initial effects yielded substantially smaller effects in a replication years later. The specific application is a set of 2008 and 2015 replications of an intervention aiming to increase primary education for girls in rural Afghanistan. The intervention offers a new schooling option, and as such, its effects depend on how individuals use alternatives that already exist. The principal strata approach accounts variation in use patterns when comparing effects across the replications. Our findings show that even though the share of girls for whom the intervention would be valuable dropped considerably in 2015 as compared to 2008, the intervention was even more efficaciousness for those who continued to benefit from it.


Wheat straw was firstly pre-treated with 1.5% sodium hydroxide at 20° for 6 h, then extracted with 0.25% ammonium oxalate for 4 h at 85°, followed by steam pressure treatment at 120°/2 bar for 7 h. The residue was then delignified using acidic sodium chlorite solution, followed by treatment with 24% potassium hydroxide with 2% boric acid for 2 h at 20°, for determination of hemicellulose and α-cellulose. The yields were determined by thermal analysis and converted to control sample. The data showed that the pre-treatment with 1.5% sodium hydroxide significantly influenced the solubility of hemicellulose, while the steam pressure treatment had a pronounced effect on the lignin solubility. It was also found that xylose was the major sugar constituent in the hemicellulose fraction and the hydrolysate of NaOH pre-treatment, whilst glucose and galactose were minor components. The content of arabinose was higher in the hydrolysate obtained from the pre-treatment than that in hemicellulose fraction, whereas xylose in hemicellulose was higher than that in the hydrolysate of the pre-treatment. The content of uranic acid in the hydrolysate obtained from the 1.5% NaOH pre-treatment was higher than that in hemicellulose fraction. The contents of phenolic acids and aldehydes in wheat straw, pre-treated (1.5% NaOH, 20°, 6 h) wheat straw, hemicellulose and cellulose extracted from pre-treated and steam pressure treated wheat straw were 6.00, 4.18, 0.092 and 0.11%, respectively. The range of molecular weights both in hemicellulose and in pre-treated straw hydrolysate was also studied.


The title compound, C 24 H 30 O 2 , is a substituted steroid structure. Ring A is planar, ring B adopts a distorted half-chair conformation, ring C a chair conformation, ring D a half-chair conformation and the trimethylene moiety of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system an envelope conformation


fat than men, which may contribute to sex-specific effects on knee extensor specific torque through differences in muscle fiber size and cross-bridge kinetics. In older humans, multiple chronic diseases and increased life expectancy impose a disproportionate socioeconomic burden. Dietary interventions are valuable strategies for promoting healthy aging. Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is a robust intervention able to delay disease onset and increase survival in model organisms. However, the impracticability of chronic CR outweighs the potential long-term benefits in humans. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), i.e. the limitation in the timing of food intake without ne-cessarily reducing caloric intake, can protect against metabolic disorders through the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This study compares whether limiting access to ad libitum (AL) food for a few hours per day mimics the bene-ficial effects of a CR diet. A large cohort of C57BL/6J female mice (n=250) was distributed into five feeding paradigms at midlife: AL, TRF for 8 hours, TRF for 4 hours, 20% CR and 20% CR fed twice a day (CRx2). Pathological analyses at death reveal a shift in fatal neoplasms toward an older age in TRF8 mice. AL mice had the highest prevalence of tumors (93%) and TRF4 had the lowest (77%). The highest tumor burden was observed in AL mice while CRx2 animals had the lowest number of neoplasms. Histiocytic sarcoma and lymphoma were the most represented malignancies, with CR mice exhibiting the highest rate of histiocytic sarcoma (75%) and the lowest rate of lymphoma (10%). These results indi-cate that time- and calorie-restricted feeding regimens can slow down malignant neoplasm progression and extend


We present a formula for the relative entropy S(ρ||σ) of two gaussian states ρ, σ in the boson Fock space Γ(Cn). It is shown that the relative entropy has a classical and a quantum part: The classical part consists of a weighted linear combination of relative Shannon entropies of n pairs of Bernouli trials arising from the thermal state composition of the gaussian states ρ and σ. The quantum part has a sum of n terms, that are functions of the annihilation means and the covariance matrices of 1-mode marginals of the gaussian state ρ′, which is equivalent to ρ under disentangling unitary gaussian symmetry operation of the state σ.


Introduction : The JAK/STAT pathway is constitutively activated in the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). JAK/STAT pathway has been targeted by Ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor approved by FDA for intermediate and high-risk PMF treatment. Results from phase III clinical trials demonstrated that Ruxolitinib is well-tolerated, reduces inflammatory cytokines and splenomegaly, ameliorated constitutional symptoms; however, Ruxolitinib did not reverse bone marrow fibrosis, suggesting that the development of better approaches are necessary. In addition to the STAT3 transcriptional activity in the nucleus, activated STAT3 binds to and inhibits Stathmin 1 in the cytoplasm, resulting in microtubule stability. Stathmin 1 is an important cytoplasmic microtubule-destabilizing protein that plays critical roles in proliferation and accurate chromosome segregation through regulation of microtubule dynamics. Paclitaxel, an anti-neoplastic compound, is a microtubule-targeted drug that induces microtubule polymerization, cell-cycle block at the metaphase-anaphase transition and cell death, and inhibits Stathmin 1 activity. We hypothesized that an undesirable effect of Ruxolitinib treatment could be Stathmin 1 activation as a consequence of STAT3 inhibition; hence targeting Stathmin 1 in addition to JAK2 might be a reasonable approach in MPN. Aims : To investigate Stathmin 1 expression in CD34 + cells from MPN patients and the effects of Stathmin 1 silencing or Paclitaxel-induced microtubule stability on Ruxolitinib JAK2 V617F -treated cells. Materials and Methods: CD34 + cells were obtained from a total of 104 peripheral blood (PB) samples collected from healthy donors (n=22) and patients with MPN (n=82; ET=34, PV=23, PMF=25; JAK2 V617F =52, JAK2 wt =30, CALR mut =19 and CALR wt =54). Gene and protein expressions were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot. In JAK2 V617F -positive HEL cells, Stathmin 1 was stably knocked down with specific shRNA-expressing lentiviral vector, and cell growth, clonogenicity and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay, colony formation, and AnnexinV/PI and Caspase 3 activation by flow cytrometry, respectively. Alternatively, HEL cells were submitted or not to Paclitaxel treatment (5 and 10 nM). All conditions were evaluated in the presence or not of Ruxolitinib (100 and 300 nM). Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. Results : Stathmin 1 transcripts were significantly increased in PB CD34 + cells from PMF patients (2.73 [0.49-8.32]; p =.005) compared with healthy donors (1.08 [0.08-7.17]). No difference in Stathmin 1 expression was observed between healthy donors, ET and PV PB CD34 + cells. Stathmin 1 levels did not significantly differ between JAK2 wt vs. JAK2 V617F ( p =.20); and CALR wt vs . CALR mut patients ( p =.63). In HEL cells, Stathmin 1 silencing significantly reduced cell proliferation ( p p p p Conclusions : Stathmin 1 is highly expressed in PMF. Our study adds new insights for Stathmin 1 in hematological malignancies and indicates a possible role of Stathmin 1 in the aberrant JAK2 V617F signaling pathway. Targeting Stathmin 1 or microtubule instability may improve Ruxolitinib response in JAK2 V617F positive MPN patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A Clifford algebra model for M"obius geometry is presented. The notion of Ribaucour pairs of orthogonal systems in arbitrary dimensions is introduced, and the structure equations for adapted frames are derived. These equations are discretized and the geometry of the occuring discrete nets and sphere congruences is discussed in a conformal setting. This way, the notions of ``discrete Ribaucour congruences'' and ``discrete Ribaucour pairs of orthogonal systems'' are obtained --- the latter as a generalization of discrete orthogonal systems in Euclidean space. The relation of a Cauchy problem for discrete orthogonal nets and a permutability theorem for the Ribaucour transformation of smooth orthogonal systems is discussed.


Classical analysis of real-time systems focuses on guaranteeing the schedulability of the system when all jobs use their worst computation time. In this report, the computation time of each job is modeled as an stochastic variable of known probability density function. Thus, we consider not only the worst-case computation time, but all the possible computation times and their probabilities. We present an algorithm to calculate the statistical distribution of the response time for each job. This result allows us to assess the feasibility of the system from a statistical point of view. We also show that the statistical analysis can be done in O(m3n2), where m is the number of jobs and n is the maximum number of points defining the statistical distribution of their computation times. Finally, we discuss briefly how the model can be applied to periodic task sets.


An innovative wideband equalization technique for use in a quasi‐circulator is presented. The technique utilizes both gain and phase equalization, which provides wideband frequency operation with good return loss and isolation between ports. The circulator is realized by configuring three heterojunction bipolar transistors together with an equalizing phase shifter. Both theoretical analyses and experimental validations are performed. Experimental results show that it can operate over the frequency range 0.8–2.2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:766–768, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25820


We deposited an Ir film on the epitaxial (100) ZrN/(100) Si substrate and deposited a Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) film serially, using the sputter deposition method. The (110)-oriented Ir and (101)-oriented PZT regions in the deposited films were increased by increasing the substrate temperature TS for the Ir film from 600 to 800°C while the (100)-oriented Ir and (001)-oriented PZT regions decreased. At TS=800°C, we can obtain a predominant (110)-oriented epitaxial Ir film on the epitaxial (100) ZrN film. On this epitaxial Ir film, a predominant (101)-oriented epitaxial PZT film can also be obtained around TS=600°C. We estimated the ferroelectric property of the (101) PZT film, compared with the (101)+(001) PZT film. It was found that the remanent polarization and the coercive field of the (101) PZT film were smaller than those of the (101)+(001) PZT film.


Abstract As Co2 emissions from vehicles are gaining global attention, the low fuel consuming powertrain is in much greater demand than before. Some alternatives are suggested but the high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine would be the most realistic solution. Vehicle simulation shows that a car with low fuel consumption can be realized by applying a 1–1.2 L high-speed direct injection diesel engine in vehicles weighing about 750 kg. Although the direct injection diesel engine has been researched for a long time, enhancement of mixing between air and fuel in a limited space makes it a challenging area to develop a small swept volume HSDI diesel engine. The authors are investigating small HSDI diesel engine combustion technologies in an effort to realize a low fuel consumption vehicle. The main objective in this study is to obtain a better understanding of the combustion-related parameters from such a small size HSDI diesel engine in order to improve engine performance.


Abstract This paper studies the impact of market consolidation or fragmentation on its performance, examining four alternative models of exchange: a consolidated clearing house, fragmented clearing houses, a monopoly dealer market, and an interdealer market. The effects of the market mechanism on the expected quantity traded, the price variance faced by individual traders, the quality of market price signals, the expected gains from trade, and the exchange implementation costs are studied.


the function-behavior representation language FBRL was originally devised for modeling and knowledge management of intended product behavior. This paper explores its potential for application to other-than-intended behavior in a use context, introducing consideration of the user and the environment. We found that slightly adapted building blocks from as-is FBRL can be applied to behavior that is unintended and/or not performed by the product. To support anticipation of unintended behavior in design, special attention has to be paid to the knowledge that connects product functions, user actions and environment behavior. We distinguish typical and atypical forms of unintended use. Some forms of typical unintended use can be directly derived from the intended use. Yet, most forms of unintended use require additional knowledge, e.g., from user observations. To include such knowledge, subsequent effort has to be put into its systematization


Abstract Indigenous peoples worldwide face unique challenges growing old. Many of these challenges are remnants of previous colonization practices and current oppressive systems often leading to out-migration from rural to urban environments. Despite Anchorage having the highest population of Alaska Native Elders little is known about the experience of relocation. This study investigated the impact of culture on the experience of successful aging within the Alaska Native context. Twenty-five semi-structured qualitative interviews with rural (N=13) and urban Elders (N=12; ages 48-84) were conducted. The use of Gee's discourse analysis tools provided the framework for analyzing the discourse of Elders based on location and traditional or western influences on subjective successful aging. We explored the use of language within two identified discursive patterns: cultural discourse and Elder identity discourse. Social and contextual determinants of successful aging involve aspects of minority and majority culture and self-appraisal of successful aging based on cultural assumptions.


OBJECTIVE:To study the quality standard of Changsheng oral solution.METHODS:Radix Astragali,Radix Platycodi,Spica Prunellae and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in the formula were identified qualitatively by TLC.The content of Liquiritin in Changsheng oral solution was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic separation was performed on Nova-Pak C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm)and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2.5% acetic acid(13∶87)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 276 nm.RESULTS:Clear TLC spots were noted.The linear range of Liquiritin was 0.025 04~0.626 00 μg(r=0.999 9).The average recovery rate of Liquiritin was 98.66%(RSD=0.52%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The established standard can be used for the quality control of Changsheng oral solution.


Larvae of the blackspotted pliers support beetle, Rhagium mordax, express antifreeze proteins in their haemolymph during temperate climate winter. It is believed that they also express antifreeze proteins in their cuticle as a means of preventing inoculative freezing. Larvae of Rhagium mordax were collected during winter (March) and summer (May) of 2011. Larvae were fixated, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned on a microtome, incubated with custom made anti-AFP antibodies and isualised on a fluorescence microscope. The larvae of both winter and summer showed AFP activity in their cuticle, gut lumen and -epithelium. Due to the long synthesis process of AFPs, the larvae contain them all year round. The distribution of these AFPs change during summer, possibly relocating to vesicles in the cuticle and gut lumen/epithelium.


There are usually three kinds of methods to measure the level of urbanization: the indicator of population method,the indicator of land-using method and composite indicator method.Among these methods,the indicator of urban population rate is most commonly used.As a basis of counting urban population,the correct urban-rural division is an important component in socio-economic statistics.Research on urban and rural area division method has the vital significance both in theory and practice.However,there is no criterion in dividing the urban-rural area and counting urban population.It is hard to evaluate the level of urbanization.Urban areas maybe conceived as administrative,functional and physical entities.In China,there is an obvious discrepancies between urban administrative boundaries and the 'real' urban space.Almost the administrative area of all cities and towns are much larger than the urban built-up area.As a result,vast rural areas and large agricultural population were included in the urban count.Here lies the principal difference with western countries.Obviously,it is difficult if not impossible for us to solve the contradiction by reducing the administrative area of a city or town.The authors believe that,it is essential to establish the concept of physical urban area with both adaptability to Chinese conditions and international comparability and make it the basis of urban-rural division and statistics.In this study,methods for identifying the urban population have been discussed and improved.The definition of urban area and urban population is the key to measure the level of urbanization.Based on the connotations of urbanization and China's actual situation,using more mature approaches from abroad,the paper proposes a new concept on urban area definition that considers different levels of administrative region and keeps the integrality of Administrative Region and also considers the population density.According to administrative region,different indexes are selected,and the corresponding critical values are calculated to measure the level of urbanization.In the end,a case study of Qufu city and Jiaxiang county is carried out by using the new method.It shows that this method is not only operable but also in accordance with the objective facts and will work properly in a wide range.


The fruit fly B. dorsalis is a serious fruit and vegetable pest in South-East Asia. It causes 25-100% loss of horticultural crops by laying eggs under the skin of mangoes, peaches, guava, apricots and figs. Abiotic factors are ecological factors including temperature, humidity, and rainfall. These factors adversely affect the population dynamics of fruit fly larvae and pupae. Plants were randomly selected and installed with methyleugenol pheromone traps to study the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis and correlate with abiotic factors. The fruits that had fallen were retrieved after a gap of 7-8 days. The contaminated fruit samples were exposed in the lab after a 9-10 days incubation period, and the larvae were counted. To ascertain the relationship between the larval and pupal populations of fruit flies in citrus, the one-way ANOVA technique was used. Bactrocera dorsalis larvae and pupae populations were the greatest at high temperatures and low humidity.


This work is part of the Knowledge Base Management Systems Project, under contract #N00039-80-G-0132 from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States Department of Defense. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representative of the official policies of DARPA or the US Government.


According to the theory of granular material mechanics, this paper presents the mechanism of a slat conveyor which takes the high floor granular material as working object. It points out the transport capability of the equipment is restricted not only by the factor of drive power, but also by routine transportation conditions(including the ultimate height of the material transported, the material attribute and the frictions between the material transported and the conveyor and so on ). This paper exposes related law and optimizes the design of the slat conveyor based on instances. The results indicate that under the same conditions the transport speed is reduced, the power is decreased twenty five percent and the design scheme is more scientific and more reasonable.


With the method of molecular distillation,the glycol glucosides was refined.The composition was tested by HPLC method and the color of the glycol glucosides was determined using colorimeters.The satisfying separation results were acquired by controlling suitable conditions including distillation temperature,operating pressure,etc.Feed rate of 60~80mL/h,rotor speed of 100~110r/min,the optimal technological conditions were as follows: distillation temperature of 70℃,operating pressure of 200Pa,or distillation temperature of 90℃,operating pressure of 500Pa.Under these conditions,the content of glycol glucosides were 85.92% and 85.26% respectively.There is a significant difference on the color of glycol glucosides between molecular distillation and vacuum distillation.


If you're a JavaScript developer interested in a deeper understanding of how to create and design Node.js applications, this is the book for you.


As is well known, gravitational wave detections of coalescing binaries are standard sirens, allowing a measurement of source distance by gravitational wave means alone. In this paper we explore the analogue of this capability for continuous gravitational wave emission from individual spinning neutron stars, whose spin-down is driven purely by gravitational wave emission. We show that in this case, the distance measurement is always degenerate with one other parameter, which can be taken to be the moment of inertia of the star. We quantify the accuracy to which such degenerate measurements can be made. We also discuss the practical application of this method to scenarios where one or other of distance or moment of inertia is constrained, breaking this degeneracy and allowing a measurement of the remaining parameter. We consider a broad range of possible, unknown parameters, as well as we present results for the aLIGO and Einstein Telescope sensitivities. Our results will be of use following the eventual detection of a neutron star spinning down through such gravitational wave emission.


Abstract This is the twelfth annual price study based on the "Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials, 2nd edition." 1 The Basic List consists of three parts: core veterinary titles; an adjunct core list of serials in the biomedical and life sciences; and a list of relevant abstract and index titles. Prices are supplied by The Faxon Company. The indexing base is 1983. In the fourteen-year period from 1983-1997 the average price of titles in the combined core and adjunct core lists rose from $100.37 to $429.60. The price index rose 328 percentage points, an average annual increase of 23.43%. The average price of titles in the core list rose from $69.07 to $277.50. The price index in this category rose 301.74 percentage points, an average of 21.55% per year. The average price of the 85 titles on the adjunct core list was $131.30 in 1983 and $579.91 in 1997. The price index in this category rose 341.66 percentage points, an average of 24.4% per year. The eighteen selected abstract and index titles in this s...


Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology has emerged strongly lately, and has entered our daily activities. As public transportation ticketing, ID card identifying (as driving licenses, passports and credit cards). All these applications and many others are all employing the electromagnetic characteristics to rapidly expand the exchange of data between any of the above items and the concerned server. There are two types of RFID devices, the smartcards, which are contactless cards that are wireless with inductive interface that is compliant with the International Organization for Standardization (as ISO 14443 or ISO 15693) standards, and the RFID tags which are compatible with high frequency (HF) or ultrahigh frequency (UHF) interface which is compliant to the ISO 18000 standard which now includes the Electronic Product Code (EPC) Global impact. RFID tags store valuable information and can simply be subjected to an illegal reading, tempering with its contents and possible other uses, which can lead to many unknown activities. RFID tags are similarly vulnerable to many different types of relay attacks. In this article, we present a probabilistic approach to check and verify the flexibility of the RFID protocols against possible relay attacks and its countermeasure, channels and application specific parameters are also considered in the analysis.


Sri Aurobindo wrote only one tragic play – Rodogune.  It was written in Baroda.  It is dated February 1906, just before he left Baroda for Bengal.  It was first published in Sri Aurobindo Mandir Annual, 1958.  It was also issued in book form in the same year.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of tanshinone ⅡA in Danxi granula.Methods The Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm)was used,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(80∶ 20)with the detection wavelength at 270 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was at 30 ℃.Results A good linear correlation of tanshinone ⅡA was observed within the range of 0.020 50~0.820 0 μg(r=0.999 9),with the average recovery was 99.76%,RSD=1.33%(n=6).Conclusion The method is simple and accurate with good specificity and reproducibility,and it can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Danxi granula.


Objective
Our primary objective was to determine the performance of real-time neuroscience intensive care unit (neuro-ICU) nurse interpretation of quantitative EEG (qEEG) at the bedside for seizure detection. Secondary objectives included determining nurse time to seizure detection and assessing factors that influenced nurse accuracy.

Methods
Nurses caring for neuro-ICU patients undergoing continuous EEG (cEEG) were trained using a 1-hour qEEG panel (rhythmicity spectrogram and amplitude-integrated EEG) bedside display. Nurses' hourly interpretations were compared with post hoc cEEG review by 2 neurophysiologists as the gold standard. Diagnostic performance, time to seizure detection compared with standard of care (SOC), and effects of other factors on nurse accuracy were calculated.

Results
A total of 109 patients and 65 nurses were studied. Eight patients had seizures during the study period (7%). Nurse sensitivity and specificity for the detection of seizures were 74% and 92%, respectively. Mean nurse time to seizure detection was significantly shorter than SOC by 132 minutes (Cox proportional hazard ratio 6.96). Inaccurate nurse interpretation was associated with increased hours monitored and presence of brief rhythmic discharges.

Conclusions
This prospective study of real-time nurse interpretation of qEEG for seizure detection in neuro-ICU patients showed clinically adequate sensitivity and specificity. Time to seizure detection was less than that of SOC.

Trial Registration Information
Clinical trial registration number NCT02082873.

Classification of Evidence
This study provides Class I evidence that neuro-ICU nurse interpretation of qEEG detects seizures in adults with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 92% compared with traditional cEEG review.


Network plan technology is employed to thoroughly investigate the problems existing in production plan in Hangzhou Switching Factory. Based on real conditions and the full analysis of the theory of industrial engineering, this paper discusses the programming of a network plan for preparing the production of a large mechanic - electronic device, a middle frequency heating machine CTH2500 kW. The plan consists of industry analysis, process programming system, and the incorporation of resources optimization and time optimization. The plan has led to in good results.


—Unconsciously, garbage and household waste are increasingly piling up and will continue to grow. The result will be a serious problem for the environment and public health. Maggot has two benefits at once, to act as a waste bioconversion agent as well as animal feed containing high protein. The purpose of this study is to observe how big the prospects for maggot cultivation are if cultivated simply by every village community. This research was conducted from May to October 2019, at Gampong Lueng Tanoh Tho village, Woyla Sub-district, West Aceh District. This research was conducted by conducting simple maggot cultivation trials. The trials were carried out with one repetition to get convincing results. The results showed prospects in terms of technical cultivation, maggot cultivation is completely easy and does not require much money. It only requires a container (used containers or used buckets). Judging from the prospect of profit, maggot cultivation is truly profitable since it costs little. There are many opportunities to market maggot either around the location of Gampong Lueng Tanoh Tho or at Meulaboh town with the target of catfish and tilapia farming farmers as well as bird keepers. In terms of the environment, Maggot is an important solution to keep the environment clean and healthy.


Interactive fiction is a part of digital literature that promotes the active role of the reader in the reading process of an electronic book (e-book). For this purpose, multimedia resources are included within the content of the e-book, with which the reader has to interact. As a consequence, a richer reading experience is promoted, according to which the reader must decide how to continue the story he/she is reading, and, in turn, these decisions condition the future course of the story. However, the main problem faced by writers of interactive fiction is the lack of editors that make it easier for them, who are not necessarily experts in interactive content design, to use these strategies in the contents of their e-books, and which in turn offer them enough narrative flexibility. For this purpose, we have developed IFDBMaker, an interactive fiction authoring tool oriented to writers with no prior knowledge in digital content production. This tool is equipped with a web-based interface and lets non-technical writers use sophisticated narrative resources while authoring interactive fiction e-books with the sole support of a simple web browser.


We consider the binding-theoretic status of the Korean long-distance anaphor caki. After examining competing analyses, including the cyclic head movement account for longdistance anaphors (Cole et al., 1990) and the treatment of caki as a pronoun, we argue that caki is a bound variable. We show how this bound variable account can unify local, longdistance, and discourse-bound instances of caki. Furthermore, we present the results of a corpus study, the findings of which are twofold. Firstly, we find support for our analysis in that the majority of instances of caki fit the bound variable account. Secondly, by broadening our analysis to find alternative means of binding caki, we are able to capture purported counterexamples within our bound variable analysis.