Along with the development of reform and opening-up,the cause of aid-the-poor in China has passed the difficult course of the 30 years.This text reviews the 30 years of the great course of aid-the-poor prog-rame with Chinese characteristics and attemps to make a conclusion that the fundamental way out for contemporary aid-the-poor programme is to constantly improve the acuracy,the organizing level and so on.Aiming at improving the accuracy of aid-thepoor,and constantly improve the level of microcosmic degree of organization,continuously improve the poor areas in the market of agricultural products in the exchange of equal level of poverty population,and constantly improve population below the poverty line's knowledge and skills degree,improve the liberalization degree of the rural surplus labor's moving between the poor areas and the rich areas.


Oven controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO) have been widely used in global positioning systems, communications, metering, telemetry control, spectrum, network analyzers and other electronic equipments as a source of time-frequency signal with high precision. Two most important performance indexes of a crystal oscillator are frequency stability and start-up characteristics. In this paper the marriage of hardware and software, practice of dual thermostatic bath and application of optimization technology in temperature control in duel temperature control system enable quicker start and further improve temperature control accuracy and the frequency stability of OCXO. This clever design optimization achieves lower power consumption, higher stability, even more compact size and quicker start.


Maximizing the Pt utilization is important for the widescale implementation of Pt‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, owing to the scarcity of Pt. Here, three‐component heterostructured HER catalysts with ultrahigh Pt mass activity in which hollow PtCu alloy nanospheres are supported on an array of WO3 on Cu foam, are reported. It has been pointed out that the use of Pt counter electrode in a three‐electrode configuration in evaluating catalysts' HER performances in acidic media carries the risk of contaminating the working electrode in previous reports. Here, the authors rationally utilize this "contaminating" to "activate" low‐HER‐activity materials, maximizing the Pt utilization. As a result, ultrahigh Pt mass activity is achieved, that is 1.35 and 10.86 A mg−1Pt at overpotentials of 20 and 100 mV, respectively, 27 and 13 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts, outperforming some state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐single‐atom catalysts. The hollow sphere structure and PtCu alloying increase the number and reactivity of active sites. Density function calculations and electrochemical experiments reveal that the synergy between WO3 and Pt is also responsible for the high HER activity where the hydrogen spillover effect triggers the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism and promotes the rapid removal of H* from Pt to re‐expose the active sites.


This paper introduces a 3D Fused Silica (FS) dual-shell gyroscope (DSG) integrated with a planar electrode substrate, making the entire process compatible with a wafer-level fabrication. Utilizing a thru-glass-vias (TGV) technology, the fabricated out-of-plane electrode substrate supports DSG in-plane actuation, detection, and electrostatic compensation of the n = 2 mode, the n = 3 mode, as well as the synchronous operation of the two modes. A tuning algorithm was developed for all supported operational modalities. Gyroscope operations were demonstrated for the first time using the n = 2 and the n = 3 modes asynchronously, revealing Angle Random Walks of 0.03 and 0.083 deg/rt-hr and in run bias instabilities of 0.4 and 0.75 deg/hr.


L10-ordered FePtAg-C granular media capped with an FePtAg-SiO2 layer were fabricated in order to obtain stable flyability performance on a spin-stand tester. The post-annealed FePtAg-SiO2 was more suitable for the cap layer than an FePt alloy without segregants, since it formed a continuous structure on the well-isolated FePtAg-C layer. By using the optimized post-annealed FePtAg-SiO2 capped medium, the surface roughness (Ra) was reduced to 0.45 nm, thereby enabling stable flying at a glide height of 6 nm.


This paper is devoted to analysis of integration of SDN solutions to the OpenStack. Architecture of networking OpenStack module or Neutron and plug-ins for communication with SDN is considered. Different types of SDN controllers also considered in the paper. An experimental model of SDN-OpenStack integration was created according to the solution. Such characteristics of SDN-OpenStack solution as delay, max amount of UDP and TCP flows obtained in the experiment.


During 1987 and 1989-1991, we marked 111(♂♂56,♀♀55) Sichuan sika deer (Cervus nippon sichuanicus)fawns(3 - 10 day old) with ear notches in Tiebu Nature Reserve,Sichuan, China, observed their survival from February 1987 through March 2004, and generated a population life table. The results are as follows: The oldest male deer was 14 years of age, the oldest female was 15. The sex ratio (♀∶♂)of the young deer is 1∶1, and of adult deer (5 - 6 years of age) was 3∶1. The youngest reproductive age of female deer was 3 - 4 years of age and the oldest age was 11 - 12. Male deer gained the ability to control females at the age of 4 - 5, and lost that ability after the age of 10 - 11. Life expectancy for male deer at age 2 - 3 was 5.111 and for female deer at age 1-2 was 6.148. The survival curve of the female deer resembled Odum's type A; survival of male deer resembled Odum's type B.Net reproductive rate ( R_(0 )) was 1.228, rate of natural increase ( r )was 0.031, and mean generation length (T) was 7.015. Females of ages 3 - 4 had the highest reproductive value.


A solar water battery is a system that generates power using solar energy. It is a combination of photoelectrochemical cells and an energy storage system. It can simultaneously convert and store solar energy without additional external voltage. Solar water batteries consist of photoelectrodes, storage electrodes and counter electrodes, and their properties and combination are important for the performance and the efficiency of the system. In this study, we tried to find the effect that changing the components of solar water batteries has on its system. The effects of the counter electrode during discharge, the kinds of photoelectrode and storage electrode materials, and electrolytes on the solar energy conversion and storage capacitance were studied. The optimized composition (TiO2 : NaFe-PB : Pt foil) exhibited 72.393 mAh g -1 of discharge capacity after 15 h of photocharging. It indicates that the efficiency of solar energy conversion and storage is largely affected by the configuration of the system. Also, the addition of organic pollutants to the chamber of the photoelectrode improved the battery's photo-current and discharge capacity by efficient photoelectron-hole pair separation with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants. Solar water batteries are a new eco-friendly solar energy conversion and storage system that does not require additional external voltages. It is also expected to be used for water treatment that utilizes solar energy.


Adsorption of lauryl phosphonic acid (LPA) on 316L stainless steel is shown to inhibit the cathodic reduction of Fe3+ in mild acid, but not that of O2. Progressively better inhibition of Fe3+ reduction with increasing LPA assembly time is observed, even though the LPA coverage appears from the surface wettability to saturate at short treatment times. This suggests that Fe3+ reduction is a sensitive probe of the degree of order in the LPA adlayer, not just its coverage of the passive surface.


In semiconductor manufacturing, wafer fabrication is the most complicated and important process, and is composed of several hundred process steps and involves several hundred machines. The productivity of the manufacturing process depends mainly on controlling the balance of WIP (work-inprogress) flow to achieve maximum throughput under short manufacturing cycle times. This paper discusses how to determine the proper WIP level for operations, against which balance status can be measured. Balance measurement can be applied in mathematical modelling for bottleneck scheduling and operations management of the fabrication line. Performances are evaluated through computational experiments to show that balance driven management leads to 15-33% more production in 21% shorter manufacturing cycle time than production driven management.


The characteristics of boron element and its effect in cast steel are introduced.Microamount boron can improve the hardenability and toughness of carbon steel.Boron mainly aggregates at the grain boundary,which damages the toughness of cast steel.The measures making use of pre-quenching treatment and increasing the austenitizing temperature can eliminate boron brittleness and improve the toughness of cast steel.Moreover,when boron content in cast steel is increased,Fe2B compound that has high hardness and excellent heat stability can be obtained.Fe2B can improve the wear resistance of cast steel.


This study explores the usefulness of a frame-based modelling approach in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, with four frames describing observed small pelagic fish dominance patterns. We modelled the dynamics of sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus populations under the influence of the small pelagic fishery and climate variability, performed extensive sensitivity analyses and exercised the model prototype in scenarios based on realistic management objectives. Model outputs were seen to roughly parallel observed dynamics. Frame dynamics were reasonably sensitive to frame switching rules. Reduced sardine recruitment in the 'low' frames had a strong negative impact on stock recovery, and bycatch of juvenile sardine from the modelled anchovy fishery could also greatly impair sardine recovery. Specific tests included exploring the robustness of fisheries management strategies under highly stochastic recruitment and uncertainty around long-term environmental forcing. The respective frame of the model is suggested as a composite indicator of ecosystem state. The model approach shows promise for evaluating small pelagic fisheries management strategies in an ecosystem context incorporating long-term environmental variability.


India is truly a complex nation—that is why it is often referred to as a subcontinent. In India, there is diversity from place to place with regard to geography, religions, races, food, customs, and living habits; however, it shares a commonality with the recorded history spanning 2500 years. This has posed its problems for India, and yet the very diversity represents enormous pride and joy for its people. In India, only around 15% of the population have any type of health insurance, primarily through employers. Because large number of people do not have insurance, out-of-pocket spending has increased from about 70% in 1987–1988 to more than 80% in 2002–2003. Indians of all income levels, and especially the poorest, face quite prohibitive costs, with one hospital stay costing more than a year's worth of income. A total of 37.6% of low-income urban residents and 43.3% of low-income rural residents did not seek care when ill, having listed financial hardship as the number-one reason. Household survey data suggest that 85% of all visits for health care in rural areas, even by the poorest people, are to private practitioners. The poor quality of service in public clinics and hospitals (and absenteeism by nurses and doctors) often drives patients to private doctors. A female social worker in Chennai once said to me about a girl with a cleft, "To be born a girl is itself a birth defect in our society; two birth defects can lead to a death sentence." With the described scenario, Smile Train's entry in India was a boon for children with cleft. Tata Institute of Social Sciences did a survey to study the problem of cleft lip and palate in India in 2000, which was supported by Smile Train. In this study, the population of 1 million (1% of total population) was studied by home visits, and concluded that estimated incidence for cleft is 1 case in 781 livebirths. This means that each year approximately 35,000 children are born with cleft in India. The study also mentioned that only 51% have reached for 1 or 2 surgeries for cleft. Majority of them do not reach for the treatment either due to ignorance of availability of treatment or financial reasons. They also estimated that there is a backlog of approximately 1 million children with cleft needing surgical care. Finally, a total apathy toward clefts has been shown by the government and the health services; thus, the patients and their guardians were also resigned to their fate regarding those as "karma" and "god's wish." The government did not even consider cleft as a disability (and still doesn't!). It is very obvious from the aforementioned data that there is little hope for children with cleft to receive much-needed attention and treatment. Majority of private and public institutes delivered incomplete care, except very few tertiary care institutes that provided multidisciplinary care. Although many government hospitals provide free cleft surgeries, these services are underused, and these facilities often overcrowded, with priority usually given to patients with trauma, burns, and other emergencies. Unless cleft is in the sites of in-charge of the individual department, it is very likely that cleft will take a back seat. There were some safari surgeries carried out by various national and international groups in different parts of India with variable successes, but these could hardly touch the overwhelming demand for cleft surgeries. The entry of Smile Train has made a big impact in India. It has a single focus, that is, to help children with cleft. Smile Train's success lies in selecting carefully the hospitals with good facilities and the surgeons with skill in all parts of India. The quality of care and problem in patient care were carefully studied and guidelines were implemented. Smile Train has 170 partners and centers with 300 dedicated cleft surgeons (95% plastic surgeon, 5% oral maxillofacial surgeon and 2 are pediatric surgeon) distributed in every corner and remote areas of India (Fig. 1). The purpose is that the child with cleft need not be traveling more than 300–400 km for the treatment. The challenges for Smile Train were about getting trained surgeons and properly equipped hospitals and filling the gap between location of treatment facilities and patients. Smile Train has gradually increased the number of surgeries over the years (Fig. 2). It celebrated its completion of 10 years in India with 260,000 cleft surgeries in 2010 (Fig. 3). The number of cleft surgeries in present year will be increased to 50,000. The second major challenge was to provide multidisciplinary care. However, delivering surgical help is the first step in turn providing solace to these children. Coincidentally, the year of entry of Smile Train was a year when a formal association of Indian Society of Cleft Lip & Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies was formed. Because of the augmentation of cleft work under Smile Train, this association has got a big boost in academic activities and in membership. Smile Train has taken keen interest in supporting various CMEs, workshops, and national and international meeting related to cleft care. They have also provided individual training of various specialists involved in cleft work according to their appropriateness. Additionally, Smile Train organized a nationwide meeting for all its surgeons to present their work, to discuss their difficulties, and to find solutions for their problems. Smile Train India has taken a major initiative by establishing Sristi (Sri Ramachandra-Smile Train Training Initiative) which holds continuous training programs for speech therapists from Indian and other countries in cleft palate speech management. Sristi is also responsible to help start the speech units in various smile train centers all over India. Smile Train is also considers to establish tertiary care centers, where the complete holistic management including the facial skeletal correction and complex problems related to cleft will be managed. Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute was one of the first partner centers in India. We took challenges put up by Smile Train like improving quality and safety for cleft surgeries, documentation of all the surgeries, and increasing number of surgeries from present 50 per year to 500 per year. Surprisingly, we performed successful 800 cleft surgeries in the first year, which supports that there was a huge From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Smile Train Project, India. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: The author is associated with Smile Train in India. The author has no sources of funding to declare. Reprints: Jyotsna Murthy, MS, MCh, DNB, Cleft & Craniofacial Center, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai 600018, India. E-mail: email@example.com. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN: 0148-7043/12/6803-0236 DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31821e8fc3


Schwarz-Christoffel conformal mapping method is widely used in modeling of air gap flux density distribution of electrical machines. It should not be as time consuming as definition and calculation of the finite element model but provides results with high accuracy. Also the improved saturation model can be applied to obtain more accurate results. In this paper, the reduced Schwarz-Christoffel conformal mapping is presented to minimize the calculated region area. The conformal mapping is used only once and then the air gap magnetic field can be derived for all rotor positions and stator current phase shift.


The standard of today's reptile practice calls on clinicians to use an ever-increasing array of diagnostic tools to gather information and obtain a definitive diagnosis. Few, if any, pathognomonic signs exist for reptile diseases, and for most clinical syndromes there is a lack of information regarding pathophysiology for one to define standard therapeutic protocols based solely on clinical signs without objective diagnostic information. For example, in the relatively distant past, clinicians treating reptile patients would routinely administer parenteral calcium to green iguanas (Iguana iguana) with the primary presenting clinical sign of muscle tremors. Today, veterinarians who treat reptiles recognize that the risk of soft tissue mineralization and permanent damage to arteries, renal tubules, and other tissues usually outweighs the potential short-term benefit of calcium therapy. Before calcium therapy is initiated, it is best to know the patient's ionized calcium concentration to reduce the risk of potential adverse therapeutic side effects. A problem-oriented diagnostic approach directed toward minimizing risk and maximizing therapeutic benefit is now the standard of reptile practice.


This outreach program increases the interaction between children and adults while introducing students and parents to the world of synthetic polymers.


In this study, a PV/Wind hybrid power generation system was studied with using meteorological data of Bursa province. Two specific years (2011, 2014) were chosen for the dynamic simulations. The designed hybrid system consists of PV panels and a wind turbine. The outcome of the study shows that with the proposed 1 MW PV + 2 MW wind turbine system, it is possible to generate enough electricity to compensate the annual electricity requirement of 450 households which can be considered as a small district area.  Levelized cost of energy is found a value between $ 0.413-0.568/kWh. PBP of the system is found a value around 20 years. It was concluded that it is essential to offer adequate incentives for renewable-based power applications to make them economically beneficial.


For a person in emergency condition, a qualified, efficient and healthy medical rescue worker guarantees professional aid of the highest standard. Consequently, the assessment of health needs of medical rescue workers is of great importance.


[Ir(cod)Cl] 2 in combination with 1,2-bis(dipentafluorophenylphosphino)ethane catalyzes chemo- and regioselective cyclotrimerization of two different alkynes. The reaction of methyl propiolate with 1-hexyne gave methyl 3,5-di( N-butyl)benzoate as a single product in 88% yield.


Processing of weeds control - is a very important aspect of the technologies of crops, and suppose the existence of an update date bank concerning these crops weeding, so that, the control strategies to be established in full knowledge, under the aspect of weeds composition, under the aspect of some specie dominance and weeding evolution on an ecological territory, homogeny, and also under the aspect of pedoclimatic and technological influence in the level of weed incidence in crops and the control methods within the agricultural ecosystem. The present paper presents the results of the determination of weeding level with all its compound, which took place in the 2001�2004 per iod in 5 pedoclimatic areas in Cluj county, being favorable for the main crops: I st area - Cimpia Turzii; II nd area - Ceanu Mare; III rd area - ClujDej; IV tharea - Panticeu; V th � - HuedinIara. The stationeries in which the expe riments took place in different areas from the five


Group cohesion, "a dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its goals and objectives" (Carron, 1982: 124), is an importan...


© 2018 Indian Chest Society | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow daily. Nebulizer manufacturers recommend that medication chamber, facemask, mouthpiece, and tubing should not be reused for multiple patients without being sterilized.[11] Our survey reported that cleaning was done after each use by 62% paramedics, 44.68% cleaned only mouthpiece/face mask, and 4.26% cleaned only medication chamber. Disinfectant was used by 39% paramedics whereas 35% used only water for cleaning purposes. To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, measures to prevent transmission of pathogenic microbes[8,12] should be practiced in clinics and hospitals.


Video encoder (100) to receive input images and provide data compressed stream, said decoder comprising: a portion of normal decoding (130) to receive input images and provide data normal stream comprising both images intracoded as inter-coded images ; characterized by a portion encoding low quality (140) for receiving input pictures and providing data change stream channel comprising intra pictures that use fewer bits than the intra pictures normal stream at a frequency greater than the frequency of Intra-coded pictures of said normal stream portion of data received compressed stream; and a multiplexer (150) in signal communication with lots of low quality and normal quality, to receive and combine trains normal data and channel switching, where data normal stream and stream data change They represent channel encoded data generated from the same video source.


An "adaptive" variant of Ruppert's Algorithm for producing quality triangular planar meshes is introduced. The algorithm terminates for arbitrary Planar Straight Line Graph (PSLG) input. The algorithm outputs a Delaunay mesh where no triangle has minimum angle smaller than about 26.45° except "across" from small angles of the input. No angle of the output mesh is smaller than arctan [(sin θ*)/(2-cos θ*)] where θ* is the minimum input angle. Moreover no angle of the mesh is larger than about 137°, independent of small input angles. The adaptive variant is unnecessary when θ* is larger than 36.53°, and thus Ruppert's Algorithm (with concentric shell splitting) can accept input with minimum angle as small as 36.53°. An argument is made for why Ruppert's Algorithm can terminate when the minimum output angle is as large as 30°.


Over two decades of bipolar-experience has previously alerted one to the fact that the extent of defect clustering, assumed in the CMOS yield models, may not hold for defects monitored on microelectronic test structures (MTS). Tracing the defect clustering from inline CMOS MTS, we now describe a viable yield prediction model using data from the various inline monitors, which also helps reconcile the questions raised earlier. Such a yield-bridge between the MTS-data and the product yield establishes the validity of the yield model and assumptions therein.


This article presents the results of treatment of infants with systemic inflammatory response to severe birth asphyxia. We studied the preparation's effect on the endothelial link in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation. In 16 critically ill infants with cardio-respiratory and cerebral insufficiency, deproteinised hemodialysate of vealers blood was used in a complex of intensive therapy. The study of the parameters of thrombocytes, nitric oxide derivatives and average weight molecules made it possible to determine that the deproteinised hemodialysate of vealers blood has a positive effect on the pathologic process due to reduction of the endothelium activity and endogenous intoxication.


The processes of urban revitalization of the major world cities have been the focus of numerous studies trying to understand the urban dynamics that these processes have generated. In this study, we verified the current project of urbanization and tourism of Lapa area, focusing especially the role of government in implementing policies for the revitalization that has a redemption amount of the discourse of world heritage area. This study was conducted a literature search of available material on the subject and also I conducted an analysis of perceived image that foreign tourists,
residents and visitors have in relation to LapaRio de Janeiro, entered the current revitalization project, Pole Novo Rio, established since 2005.Through publications on the subject, concludes that the Pole Novo Rio project has resumed investment, strengthening the market and trade and services. However, the commitment of the society participation and the rescue of historical content have been little explored and is notorious for the concentration of investments, only in the niches to generate
income. This finding reveals a contradiction, the discourse preached by the government authorities. Through the research analysis Lapa Perceived Image inserted in the current defined as a Pole Cultural and Gastronomic Tour, completed the tourists see the cave, as the space of the hottest nightlife city. But as a cultural tourist destination, has still been little explored, as the tourists just commenting and
had little knowledge of the historical content of the main cultural and tourist area.
And the group of residents and visitors surveyed sees it as an area that is being reborn, but demonstrates a concern with the loss of traditions with an increment of space "glamorized." In addition, the group emphasized the deficiency of basic care rather than investing heavily in consumer-facing areas. Managerial recommendations are made and directions for future research.


The sheer variety of Jefferson's many pursuits-he was an inventor, horticulturist, statesman, architect, and philosopher, among many other things-almost mask the singularity of his genius. But there is little doubt that our third president was also one of America's greatest intellectuals. This superb new biography focuses on Jefferson's intellectual and literary life. It follows Jefferson's education from adolescence to adulthood, examines his interests, and gives new interpretations of his writings. Early writings, including A Summary View of the Rights of British America, the Declaration of Independence, and Notes on the State of Virginia are analyzed in depth. Hayes also provides substantial coverage of Jefferson's professional, social, and literary activities in Paris and his travels through Europe. He devotes a chapter to the time he served as secretary of state and his publication, The Anas, an extraordinary behind-the-scenes look at George Washington's presidency. His tenure as vice-president and president is considered in light of the ideas and relationships that were most salient for him during those crucial years. Separate chapters treat his correspondence with John Adams, the formation of the Library of Congress and his retirement library, The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth, The Autobiography, and the founding of the University of Virginia. Overall, the biography offers an intimate portrait of the life of the mind that Jefferson cultivated and dreamed of one day developing to its full potential while in retirement at Monticello.


Eutrophication is one of the environmental problems caused by the excessive nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. In most lakes, phosphate is a limiting nutrient for algae photosynthesis. Even though the concentration of phosphate from external loading into the water body has been reduced, eutrophication could still be occured due to internal mobilization of phosphate from the sediment pore water into the overlying water. Therefore, the released phosphate from sediments and their interaction in the pore water must be included in the monitoring of phosphate concentration in aquatic system. The released phosphate from sediment into pore water has been studied by DGT device with ferrihydrite as binding gel and N-N′-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker. The results showed that DGT with 15% acrylamide; 0.1 % N-N′-methylenebisacrylamide and ferrihydrite as binding gel was suitable for the measurement of the released phosphate from sediment into pore water. The result of the deployed DGT in oxic and anoxic conditions in seven days incubation showed the released phosphate process from the sediment into pore water was affected by incubation time and the existence of oxygen in the environment. The released phosphate from the sediment into pore water in anoxic condition has a higher value than oxic condition. The experimental results of the deployed DGT in natural sediment core at a depth of 1 to 15 cm from the surface of the water for 7 days showed that the sediment has a different phosphate mass profile based on depth. The concentration of phosphate tends to be increased with depth. The maximum CDGT of phosphate released in oxic and anoxic conditions at 7th day period of incubation are 29.23 μg/L at 14 cm depth and 30.19 μg/L at 8 cm depth, respectively.


How can transmedia storytelling benefit to a documentary production in order to give historical archives a second life? Could it possibly help updating official archives, adding to the them amateur's contributions? We will try to answer the question by recalling some recent European experiences of Web-documentaries linked to television series. This will allows us to extrapolate a few theoretical fundamentals underlying the design of our transcontinental transmedia collaborative project of archive-based documentary – Histories of Brazil . Our aim is to show how a transmedia approach to archive-based content, intervening in contemporary digital interconnected environements, can work as a dynamic complementary tool for developing and sharing historical knowledge.


A classification of spheres in human life according to the works of KA Kirsanov is shown. The approaches to the labor management in the educational institution are classified. It is shown that every sphere of human life has its educational potential. Motivational theoriesare specified by including the theory of level needs formation into existing array.


The paper indicates the main types for some common pavement diseases in special areas,analyzes the factors which causes the problems,and points out some feasible treatment measures,and explores the pavement diseases in mountainous areas,the loess areas,saltmarsh soil areas and soft-soil areas,so as to guarantee the pavement quality and the traffic safety.


The focus of this research study is to identify the promotional marketing strategies that can be adopted at both project management and regional levels for a scientific theoretical exercise at hand.  This will be efficiently realized through conducting investigations on the relevance of project marketing operations to the underlying project management practitioners as a whole. At the regional level, the scientific-based project would have to be promoted to people and stakeholders outside the organization at hand. It is expected that the marketing of this project will be able to coerce a great deal of external clients and compel them to clearly provide any form of support that could extends to financial and non-financial resources. A model that would normally work best is one as a one-time strategy. It allows the project manager to devalue the strategy through a sheer. The project manager can also go ahead and promote the idea of this project through friendship ties. They can use their friendship ties to impact influence on the entire project management framework.  This sales method would help to downplay the notion related to the chain of authority and duty and can sometimes results to efficient work ethics.


The inclusion of QCD corrections to the Born amplitude of deeply virtual Compton scattering in both spacelike (DVCS) and timelike (TCS) regimes modifies the extraction process of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) from observables. In particular, gluon contributions are by no means negligible even in the medium energy range accessible at JLab12. We emphasize the complementarity of spacelike and timelike measurements and raise the question of factorization scale dependence of the O(alpha_S) results.


Facing the quality education,the teaching method in the teaching of Deng Xiaoping Theory must be changed completely.We should combine the teachers' lecturing in class with the students' discussion by selfstudy;combine teaching the students knowledge with training their ability;combine theoretical teaching with practical teaching;combine the traditional teaching methds with modem ones;combine written examinations with comprehensive examinations.It shows that this can be beneficial not only to arouse the students' intermal factors and promote their develpopments of individual characters,but also to develop their potential of making innovations and improve their ideological quality.


Essential thrombocythaemia in an eight-year-old Irish setter is described. The condition is characterised by an autonomous overproduction of thrombocytes in the absence of overt leukaemia. This is believed to be the first recorded case of this condition in the dog. The paper describes the diagnosis and treatment by combination chemotherapy using vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone.


A brief overview is given on the physics, accelerator and det ector design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider, the LHeC, which is the first deep inelasti c cattering collider to possibly operate at the TeV energy scale. The design is directed to achieve int egrated luminosities of O(100) fb −1, in synchronouspp and ep operation. A dedicated state of the art detector is envisage d to be built of very high precision and with acceptance down to smal l angles to access extreme values of negative four-momentum transfers squared Q2 > 106 GeV2 and of Bjorkenx, 10−6 < x < 0.9. A new laboratory may thus be opened at CERN to accompany the LH C efforts for exploring the TeV energy scale with deep inelastic scattering measuremen ts of unprecedented precision, scope and range, including a far reaching electron-ion scatterin g programme.


A 'task' can be defined as a meaning-focused pedagogic activity in which learnersneed to rely on their linguistic andnon-linguistic resources inorder to achieve a communicative outcome (Ellis 2009a). Since the early 1980s, the notion of task has been widely used in ELT circles, and previous Key Concept articles on task (Rubdy 1998) and task-based language teaching (Foster 1999) note that initial debates centred around: (a) providing a working definition for a task, (b) designing classificatory schemes for grading and sequencing tasks, and (c) examining the effects of different types of tasks on L2 development. In addition to these themes, researchers and practitioners have also been concerned with task design and implementation, implementation being considered in terms of preand post-task activities. One of the implementation variables that has attracted researchers' interest is 'task repetition'.


Unstart phenomena due to compound choking of airframe-integrated scramjet engine inlets were investigated numerically. The compound choking is a phenomenon caused by interaction between the main flow and the boundary layer flow ingested into engines. The numerical analysis was performed by using a one-dimensional two-stream-tube model and a quasi-three dimensional MacCormack differential model. The two-stream-tube model allowed to predict the choking condition at the throat from the given inlet conditions of stream tubes. The results of both analyses coincide qualitatively, and it is shown that the boundary layer flow spreads and pushes out the main flow in engine inlets, and that engines designed assuming a uniform inlet flow can be made unstart easily because of the existence of a low flow speed region like a boundary layer . When side walls of engines sweep backward, the transition from start to unstart is rather continuous and the inlet performance at unstart conditions is not so badly deteriorated as the performance of inlets without sweep.


Miranda is a high order hydrodynamics code for computing fluid instabilities and turbulent mixing. It employs FFTs and band-diagonal matrix solvers for computing spectrally-accurate derivatives, combined with high-order integration methods for time advancement; e.g., fourth-order Runge-Kutta. Fluid properties, i.e., viscosity, diffusivity and thermal conductivity, are computed from kinetic theory. The code contains solvers for both compressible and incompressible flows. It has been used primarily for studying Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (R-M) instabilities, which occur in supernovae and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF).


Let Γ = (G,σ) and Λ = (H,τ) be two signed graphs. A lexicographic product of signed graphs Γ∗Λ has been firstly introduced in [3], and some of its spectral properties are discussed in [2]. In [1] we proposed an alternative signature σ ∗ τ on the (unsigned) lexicographic product G ∗ H claiming that such new signature, contrarily to the one appeared in [3], maps balanced graphs onto balanced graphs. Dimitri Lajou, who is currently working at University of Bordeaux, kindly contacted us, pointing out that this claim is not true in general, providing the counterexample depicted in Fig. 1: (P2,+) and (P3, τ) are both balanced but (P2,+) ∗ (P3, τ) is not. In fact, the latter contains unbalanced cycles, like the triangle with vertices (u0, v0), (u0, v1) and (u1, v2).


The article deals with methodical advice and methods of patent search, based on the experience of the author of patent science and the use of patent databases employing Internet access.A patent search is considered with the appeal of both patent bases of Ukraine and national patent bases of various states, as well as other electronic resources available on Internet networks that contribute to the creation of competitive inventions.The work of such resources based on search engines, which allow you to search by the number of patent, some applications, a year of application, a country, the author's surname, owner, and other search parameters, are considered.To create useful models in free access, some sites have their search engines with outdated bases www.findpatent.com.ua, www.findpatent.ru, www.patents.su and other.However, the patent of Ukraine for a utility model is a guarding document issued to the applicant under its responsibility and does not undergo an examination of the essence of the invention, but only a formal examination. This approach complicates the design and defence of the dissertations since the limited search base does not provide a complete evaluation of the definition of scientific and technical novelty of the development.To create competitive, new inventions it is advisable to use search engines www.google.com/patents, www.ukrpatent.org.ua, and others, which use data taken into account by patent departments during the examination.It is noted that the search engine www.google.com for the same request provides results other than www.google.com/patents. The www.google.com system covers wider resources, including book stresses of manufacturers and scientific and technical publications.Looking for patents for inventions that were issued by Ukrpatent, it is necessary to look for in a specialized database of "inventions (utility models) in Ukraine" using the instructions on the use of information and search engine of Ukrpatent.
Keywords: competitive inventions, search engines, patent departments, a utility model, Patent, Patent science, patent databases, Ukrpatent


Objective: To explore the morphologic features of adolescent thoracic and lumbar pedicles and provide anatomic data for clinical application. Methods: 255 vertebra from 15 adolescent spinal specimens (T1~S1), with the mean age of 16.5 years, were collected and observed. The width (PW) and the height (PH) of pedicles, the length of nail (LS), angle e and angle f were measured respectively. Results: From T1 to L5, the tendeney of PW showed wave curve with the shape of sellaeform. PH formed wave curve with the low peak of T3, the high peak of T12. LS gradually increased from T1 to L5, however, there was no obvious difference among each vertebrae from L1 to L5. angle e changed from 32.60°(T1) to -3.50°(T12) and reached 28.20°(L5). Angle f gradually decreased from T1~L5. Conclusions: Except for the more larger LS than that of adult,there is no difference between adult and adolescent.


Described is a method of producing internally stable mixed hydroxyethers by subjecting epoxides of unsaturated fatty-acid esters to a ring-opening reaction with fatty-alcohol polyglycol ethers of formula (I), in which R is a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 4 to 22 carbon atoms and R is hydrogen or a methyl group. The products are suitable for use as auxiliaries in the removal of water from solid materials and have good biodegradability, low foaming power and a low solidification point.


Goats Sheep constitute a very important species of livestock in India, mainly on account of their short generation intervals, higher rates of prolificacy, and also considered to be very important for their contribution to the development of rural zones and people. In this study, tabular analysis was used to analyse the pattern of export, import and balance of trade of sheep and goat meat in India. From the results, India is largest exporters of sheep & goat meat to the world. The country has exported 16.05 thousand MT of sheep & goat meat to the world for the worth of Rs. 425.63 crores during the year 2012-13. Domestic demand for the sheep and goat meat has also been increasing consistently, which may further preclude it to expand its export. The study was also undertaken to find out the direction of trade of sheep and goat meat using Markov Chain Analysis. The results also revealed that India's previous export to the U Arab Emts market was retained to the level of 17 per cent during the current period. India could not retain its previous import to Australia, Singapore and United Arab Emirates during the study period. The entire share of Australia was directed to Singapore whereas the entire share of Singapore was directed to other countries. India's previous sheep and Goat meat import to the Thailand market was retained to the level of 100 per cent during the current period. India's previous Sheep and Goat meat import to the other countries was retained to the level of only 18 per cent during the current period.


An analysis of Forest Service-related legislative activity found that increasingly Congress is becoming involved in agency activities and decisionmaking. Congress's growing scrutiny and management of the Forest Service is indicated by rising trends in requests for agency testimony at congressional hearings, in the number of Forest Service-related bills and amendments introduced in Congress, and in the amount of Forest Servicerelated legislation enacted. Anecdotal evidence of direct political pressure imposed upon agency personnel by congressional members also indicates that much congressional influence occurs outside of these legislative activities. An examination of activities such as these and directives attached to annual appropriation bills also shows that not all congressional actions are productive in fostering positive agency change. The results of this study indicate the likelihood that Congress has been playing a major role in instigating change within the agency. Congress has had a role in the management of America's National Forests for more than 100 years, beginning with its enactment of the 1891 Forest Reserve Act, which gave the President the authority to set aside forested lands as preserves, and the 1905 law that created the Forest Service (USFS) to oversee these lands (Dana & Fairfax, 1980). Since then. Congress has had the potential to affect greatly how the agency operates and manages the National Forests. Congressional involvement in Forest Service activities can take a variety of forms. It can impose new statutory obligations on the agency through legislation, set the agency's budget allocations via the appropriations process, attach directives to annual funding bills or in report language, hold hearings on Forest Service programs, set timber harvest targets, initiate investigations of agency activities, question and negotiate agreements with agency representatives during congressional hearings, and directly lobby or pressure Forest Service personnel (Congressional Quarterly, 1991b). Given the diversity of views and geographic locations represented within Congress, federal legislators' input into agency programs and decisionmaking can push and pull the Forest Service in a variety of ways, from greater emphasis on traditional commodity extraction from the National Forests to increased protection of the forest environment. Additionally, while congressional involvement in Forest Service activities is often resented as inappropriate "micromanagement," at other times congressional attention is welcomed and even invited by the agency (Dana & Fairfax, 1980). Such congressional involvement also can provide needed oversight of Forest Service management activities.


Objective  To identify a set of measurable key performance indicators (KPIs) demonstrating hospital clinical pharmacy's contribution to patient care that can be used for benchmarking in the New Zealand setting.


Abstract The revised text of the Charles Beckingham Memorial Lecture, Ibn Battūta and the Mongols, delivered to the Royal Asiatic Society on 13th January 2000 by D. O. Morgan.


Cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. Despite the generally excellent results after undergoing cholecystectomy for gall stone disease, small number of patients remain symptomatic even after surgery. As incidence of cholecystectomies are very high, these significant percentage of patients have aroused much interest. It has been suggested by Pirbram (1950) that there exists a special "post-cholecystectomy syndrome" (PCS). Pribram (1950) had attributed these symptoms to the anatomical and physiological consequences of cholecystectomy.


Knowing the spatial distribution of individual soil taxonomic units is a key factor in man-aging efficient land use not only for agriculture but also for forestry. The use of a comprehensive soil surveys held in past decades and based on fieldwork created the basis for the initial spatial representation of the soil fund structure. However, the spatial distribution of the soil cover was the result of fieldwork and the experience of the person who drew this map. Often this led to some errors in determining the types of soils and their boundaries. To date, there is a growing need for precise methods of land taxation, based on correct information on soil cover. In countries with a large area, such as Ukraine, field surveys still do not cover the whole territory, often the density of the allocation of soil pits was too low, which in some cases led to an incorrect demarcation of soil boundaries. Since such a problem is very urgent for Ukraine, the search and identification of probable problem soil maps by constructing their predicted versions, their comprehensive analysis and cross-validation is an important task. The conducted investigations revealed that morphometric parameters of the relief and their derivatives obtaining from the analyses of DEM are a reliable basis for the predictive modelling of the spatial distribution of soil cover with sufficiently high accuracy, and the methodology based on 11 types of prognostic algorithms would have a significant prospect in solving scientific and production problems. Very important in this process is the selection of predictors derived from the DEM, as well as the structure and distribution of the training dataset, based on which the model will be built later. An equally important part is the control of results, including on the basis of cross-validation of the models used, as well as a comparison of the results with field studies. The article presents the results of 11 simulations, evaluates the quality of predictive algorithms and the models obtained. As a consequence, several possible ways to check the cartographic and simulation results of the spatial distribution of soil taxonomic units were described, as well as their comparison with those actually existing in nature. The most reliable method of the 11 presented is a direct study of the soil in the field and comparing them with the soil map. It is recommended to use it in case of suspicion of poorly executed maps, although financially it is very expensive. More preferred is a set of modelling methods that is based on the data already collected. With reliable sources, they provide an opportunity to predict the soil in places where the survey was not conducted at all. Verification of the quality of the tested models was carried out on a fragment of the Ukrainian region within the boundaries of the Chernivtsi region, confined to the Prut-Dniester and Prut-Siret interfluves.


The lost of an anterior tooth and it replacement with a retained implant restoration is one of the mayor functional and aesthetic challenges in modern implantogy. Actual Evidence support that immediate implant provisionalization compare with the traditional protocols have similar results in success rates. Siegenthaler y col conclude that in situations when the primary stabilization is obtained, the implant placement in fresh sockets with cronical periapical lesions have similar results versus control group. Carefull must be taken in the case selection for this modern protocol and should be done under the preservation philosophy. The integrity of remaining bone structures and soft tissue is the main goal for the success of this technique. Female patient, 40 years old, who attended the program of oral rehabilitation at the University of CES Medellin, Colombia, whose reason for consultation was "To review recommended by periodontics" in his own words. At the time of clinical examination intraoral gum edema was observed at # 11 with probing 10 mm in DP suspecting a vertical fracture who was corroborated with the analysis of the periapical X-ray. The different treatment options were stated clearly to the patient for the loss of the maxillary central incisor with the possible complications and risks that could arise. The patient agreed to the immediate post-extraction implant option with temporization and proceeded to sign the informed consent of the medical record. Conclusions: The placement of implants immediate with infectious processes periapicals has a success rate in the short term very promising. The immediate provisionalization implant provides additional benefits for the integration of soft tissues, offering some high-quality aesthetic results.


We Relay-assisted cellular network architecture has been developed to cover cell-edge users and to improve capacity. However, the deployment of relay stations (RSs) in cellular networks may increase the total energy consumption. Though energy efficiency has become a major concern in cellular networks, little work has studied the energy efficiency of relay-assisted cellular networks by sleep scheduling. In this paper, a distributed base stations (BSs) sleep scheduling scheme in relay-assisted cellular networks is proposed. The goal is to maximize the energy efficiency under the spectral efficiency constraint. Firstly, whether the BSs should be sleeping or active is determined by the traffic profile. Then, the transmission powers of the active BSs are optimized within the game-theoretic framework, by using an interior-point method, so as to maximize the energy efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is superior to that turning on all the BSs without sleep scheduling.


If the United States is considered by many to be a Christian nation, how does that affect individuals who are American citizens but not Christian? We test two hypotheses: 1) Americans consider Christians to be more fully American than non-Christians. Politicians occasionally refer to the United States as a "Christian nation" and many Americans assume the Constitution says it is so. We examine whether Americans explicitly connect being Christian with being a true American and go further by testing whether they make the implicit connection as well; 2) We know from previous research that prototypical group members are more patriotic and tend to set more exclusive group boundaries than atypical group members. As such, we hypothesize that Christian Americans will be more likely to express patriotism and set exclusive boundaries on the national group than will non-Christian Americans. Among non-Christians, however, those who want to be fully accepted as American will also be more patriotic and set more exclusive boundaries on the national group to emulate prototypical group members (i.e. Christians) than non-Christians who place less emphasis on national group membership. We test these hypotheses using data from both a national random-sample survey data and a laboratory-based Implicit Association Test (IAT). We find that Americans in general associate being Christian with being a true American. For Christians, this is true both explicitly and implicitly. For non-Christians, only the implicit measure uncovers an association. We also found that non-Christians exhibit significantly more pro-national group behaviors when they desire being prototypical than when they do not.


Based on the analysis of device driver characters of embedded Linux,this paper presents a novel RAID algorithm to improve the storage I/O performance.It also carries out its device driver and cache management.At last,the RAID5 storage subsystem is realized.The test results and performance analysis show that the algorithm is effective and feasible.


The Spanish pronouns ' Tu', 'Usted' and 'Vos' all translate into the English second person singular ' You' . However, this does not mean that they convey the same meaning. In Ecuador, for example, the pronoun Usted is normally used to signal formality, distance, and not familiarity; and, Tu and Vos are often used to signal friendship, closeness, and informality. In addition, these pronouns adopt different meanings depending on where in Ecuador the interaction takes place. For example, in a reciprocal relationship between classmates, Vos implies friendship and closeness in the city of Cuenca, but in the city of Quito Vos implies lack of respect. In this sense, this study examines how college students perceive the usage of these pronouns at home, at the university, and at the workplace. This paper analyses samples taken from three cities in the highlands—Quito, Cuenca, and Loja—and describes how these pronouns are being used at these locations in Ecuador. The results reveal this very peculiar variation and show the different meanings and tendencies of these pronouns.


The present invention relates to celery processing process, and is especially the freezing, vacuum dehydrating process of processing celery. The process includes the steps of: preparing material, washing and sterilizing; scalding; quick freezing; vacuum dehydrating; and vacuum packing. The present invention eliminates 97 % of water in Celery while maintaining the nutritive components unchanged, and the product may be stored for long time and eaten conveniently. Before being eaten, the freshness keeping dehydrated Celery is soaked in hot water to restore its fresh state and cooked in different modes.


In Shang dynasty, the sorcerers included not only witches but also wizards. Generally speaking, the wizards had a superior status to the witches too.


We all tbixk of Tibet was a plateau and this leads us subconsciously to think of it as flat land, albeit at a high altitude. In fact, only parts of Tibet are a true plateau, such as the Aksai Chin. The territory opposite Arunachal, for example, is ruggedly mountainous, varying in altitude between 12,000 and 16,000 feet with all the problems of moving and fighting in the mountains. Unfortunately, I have been entirely unable to obtain even half way decent topographic maps but the reader would do well to look at a Landsat map of Tibet if she or he can obtain one. High altitude mountain warfare is very different from plains operations or


The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was tested for susceptibility to various acaricides, propargite (Omite) 570 g l -1 , amitraz (Kortraz) 200 g l -1 and abamectin (Agrimec) 18 g l -1 . Propargite, a selective acaricide, has been used to control T. urticae in many crops in Turkey. Amitraz and abamectin have acaricidal and insecticidal properties, and are thus used to control spider mites and some vegetable pests (e.g., whiteflies and Liriomyza spp.). Five different T. urticae populations collected from vegetable greenhouses in Isparta and their responses to those acaricides were investigated by leaf dip assay and compared with those of a susceptible reference strain. Resistance ratios for the chemicals ranged from <1.00 to 2.5 for propargite, 1.2 to 2.1 for amitraz and <1.0 to 2.9 for abamectin (based on LC50). Since the greenhouses around Isparta province where the two-spotted spider mite populations were collected have recently been constructed, the populations used in this study were not exposed to excessive acaricides and had had no important loss of susceptibility to the acaricides applied in the study. However, it was observed that the growers used pesticides haphazardly.


A one-pot transition-metal-free, base-mediated synthesis of a novel series of functionalized thieno[2,3-c]coumarins via a cascade reaction from chromones has been developed. This cascade reaction involves a Michael addition–Knoevenagel condensation–intramolecular cyclization. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions and gives various thieno[2,3-c]coumarins in good-to-excellent yields. The methodology is tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and applicable to library synthesis.


Supervision of Building Permit (IMB) is an activity and effort to determine and assess the actual reality of the execution of the work or activity is in accordance with the plans and procedures or not. The problem in this research is how the implementation of supervision by the Department of Spatial Planning and Building Pekanbaru on building permits (building does not have permission), and the factors that triggered the building that does not have a license in the District of Pekanbaru City Handsome and obstacles in the implementation of supervision. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of supervision by the Department of Spatial Planning and Building Pekanbaru to buildings that do not have the IMB. Researchers used the theoretical concept which adopted the theory of supervision by Manullang. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative data collection instrument includes interviews with employees of the Department of Spatial control section and Pekanbaru City and community building, observation and document. The results of this study indicate that supervision Spatial Planning and Building Pekanbaru to buildings that do not have a building permit (IMB) in District Charming is not good. Factors that influence the lack of supervision of building permits and building permits violated ie, lack of personnel and operational vehicles to conduct a thorough supervision, lack of socialization, lack of public awareness, community economic factors, particularly the lower middle income people are the cause of reluctance in taking care of IMB before building. Keywords: Development, Monitoring, IMB.


The Function of Linguistic Structures in Shaping Adonis's Vision of the World: The Siege as an Applied Model We chose the poet Adonis for a reason: he is a problematic poet, critic and thinker, who came out of the "heart of heritage" and from among the mainstays of modernity. It is not possible to study all of his work in one project. Therefore, his book The Siege, as he calls it, appears as a landmark in which he intensifies many forms of structures: the lexicon, syntactic, morphological, grammatical and symbolical structures, which all seem to interconnect amongst each other. We have overlooked the musical structure for it seems a bit not connected to our study. We have studied the question of interpretation and understanding through the constitutive relations of the semantic structures, and the cultural structure has been looked at in each of these structures, in which Adonis appeared as a critic of heritage and a historian of modernity and of new language. Indeed Adonis showed a unique proficiency in language skills: letters, vocabulary and beautiful patterns. He was also very skillful in their investment, and he harnessed all the diverging forms in the ways he sees the world emanating from the heritage and its infusion into the present and its problems. We have also been aware of the ways in which Adonis employed metaphor and symbol to revolutionize the fossilized stereotype, for the deep-rooted metaphor has its own distinguished and effective way of achieving its project.


Background The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was identified as a common cellular receptor for both viruses, but its biological and pathogenic relevance is uncertain. Knowledge of CAR localization in the human cardiovascular system is limited but important with respect to CAR-dependent viral infections and gene transfer using CAR-dependent viral vectors. Methods and Results Explanted failing hearts from 13 patients (8 with dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM] and 5 with other heart diseases [non-DCM]) and normal donor hearts (n=7) were investigated for the expression levels and subcellular localization of CAR and the adenovirus coreceptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. CAR immunoreactivity was very low in normal and non-DCM hearts, whereas strong CAR signals occurred at the intercalated discs and sarcolemma in 5 of the 8 DCM hearts (62.5%); these strong signals colocalized with both integrins. In all hearts, CAR was detectable in subendothelial layers of the vessel wall, but not on the luminal endothelia...


In certain pulsar timing experiments, where observations are scheduled approximately periodically (e.g. daily), timing models with significantly different frequencies (including but not limited to glitch models with different frequency increments) return nearequivalent timing residuals. The average scheduling aperiodicity divided by the phase error due to time-of-arrival uncertainties is a useful indicator of when the degeneracy is important. Synthetic data are used to explore the effect of this degeneracy systematically. It is found that phase-coherent tempo2 or temponest-based approaches are biased sometimes toward reporting small glitch sizes regardless of the true glitch size. Local estimates of the spin frequency alleviate this bias. A hidden Markov model is free from bias towards small glitches and announces explicitly the existence of multiple glitch solutions but sometimes fails to recover the correct glitch size. Two glitches in the UTMOST public data release are re-assessed, one in PSR J1709−4429 at MJD 58178 and the other in PSR J1452−6036 at MJD 58600. The estimated fractional frequency jump in PSR J1709−4429 is revised upward from ∆f/f = (54.6± 1.0)× 10−9 to ∆f/f = (2432.2±0.1)×10−9 with the aid of additional data from the Parkes radio telescope. We find that the available UTMOST data for PSR J1452−6036 are consistent with ∆f/f = 270 × 10−9 + N/(fT ) with N = 0, 1, 2, where T ≈ 1 sidereal day is the observation scheduling period. Data from the Parkes radio telescope can be included, and the N = 0 case is selected unambiguously with a combined dataset.


Hastie showed that, in a force-free tokamak configuration that encloses the magnetic axis, there exists a critical on-axis safety factor, q0, above which the q profile monotonically increases with radius and below which decreases with radius [J. Hastie, Nucl. Fusion 29, 96 (1989)]. This critical q0, when interpreted under the requirement of maximum poloidal magnetic field energy for an inductively driven, dissipative tokamak plasma, which does not allow dq/dr<0 for the toroidally symmetric configuration, becomes the onset condition of helical symmetry during current peaking in a sawtooth cycle. The value is a result of the opposing demands placed on the sign of the on-axis curvature of the safety factor, q″(0), by the two rotational symmetries (m=0 and n=0) of the configuration.


T2S is the single and harmonised IT platform for securities settlement in central bank money developed by the Eurosystem to promote integration in the European post-trading industry, and will go live in 2015. CSDs joining T2S are thus faced with the decision problem of determining to which degree they should reshape, that is, adapt their own IT infrastructure, human resources and business strategy to T2S. A more complete reshaping entails higher immediate fixed costs, but allows to benefit the most from the cost-reduction allowed by T2S. In this article we use a game theoretic approach to model the strategic choice of the CSDs. We then derive several results from this model. In particular, we give closed-form solutions for the degree of optimal reshaping and the optimal prices set in the unique equilibrium if the time-horizon is finite. In case of an infinite horizon we give a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of another subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in which CSDs continually delay the decision to reshape. We argue this equilibrium is not robust and provide a condition under which a given CSD will always reshape, whatever the other CSDs JEL Classification: G10, G20, L11


young woman with mosaic Turner syndrome AH Balen, SE Harris, EL Chambers, HM Picton a Reproductive Medicine Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK b Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, The Light Laboratories, Leeds, UK Correspondence: Dr A Balen, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Belmont Grove, Leeds LS2 9NS, UK. Email email@example.com


Conflicting views exist on how network resources contribute to firm innovation. Drawing on the motivation¨Copportunity¨Cability framework, this study unpacks the influence of network resources on f...


Will the corporate will to train on ethics and moral? The answer is the sole purpose of the article, ardently emphasizing on the strong need for training to enhance moral and ethical competencies in employees working in corporates. Contemporary era least expects employees to inherit moral and ethical values naturally unlike the people of past times. Profound association of employees with their work makes the training on ethics and morals legit imperative. This will inculcate the culture of pristine proficiencies in the performance standards of the employees. Several theories have been previously published pertaining to various training methods and principles followed by corporates all across, however the intent here is to precisely understand the present scenario of moral and ethical practices in corporates. The focus here is on the need to enhance moral and ethical competencies of corporate employees at each echelon.


The medical manipulator may replace surgery doctor or nurse's some form movement,from is redundant the machinery the medical care personnel in the work to liberate,realizes the standardization which,the sequencing and the automation diagnoses to the patient.Through to the medical manipulator principle of work's analysis,the structure design,devised that one kind can imitate the manpower certain movements,according to patient's individual treatment difference,establishes the different movement procedure,carries on each kind of medical instrument's capture,the transmission and the recovery work automatic device installment.


Aim: To evaluate whether strict aseptic procedures reduces the CONS positive blood cultures. Methods: In our neonatal unit, any procedure involving skin breakdown is done in a sterile aseptic procedure (from 1st September 2008). We analysed all positive blood cultures from the neonatal unit from November 2007 to October 2009 (10 months before the intervention and 13 months after). We analysed the positive blood cultures in relation to the number of admissions in the unit and the Intensive care/High dependency activity in the neonatal unit in the same month. Statistical analysis was using two sample independent "t" test. Results: The number of CONS positive cultures reduced by 75% in the first 3 months and 40-50% in the subsequent 10 months. (p 0.008, 95% CI (0.75 -4.45). There was reduction in the CONS positive cultures in relation to the number of admissions (p 0.025, 95% CI (0.45 -7.1). In relation to the Intensive care/High dependency activity, there was a 70-80% reduction in the CONS positive cultures in the first 3 months and 40-50% reduction in the latter 10 months. (p 0.01, 95%CI (0.21-1.48). Conclusion: CONS is a common nosocomial infection in the neonatal unit. Our incidence is about 7-10/1000 live births (some could be contamination without infection). There was reduction in the number of positive CONS post introduction of above precautions and the reduction was also seen in relation to the number of admissions and to ITU/ HDU activity. However, they need to be monitored regularly and kept under strict surveillance.


Although a doctorate provides a library director with little practical assistance toward fulfilling his or her job, many college and university administrators seem to expect library directors to have one. The presence of the doctorate has been studied extensively within ARL institutions, but not within small colleges. This article explores the presence of the doctorate among small college library directors, considering gender and tenure in addition to size of the library, the college, and the library staff. This research finds that 20 percent of library directors at Baccalaureate I institutions have doctorates, and 40 percent have second master's degrees. Librarians with doctorates do not direct larger institutions than those without Ph.D.s. The value of the doctorate, and its future among female directors in particular, is considered.


This paper describes a redundant modular distributed microcomputer system adopted by automatic train protection system (ATP). The system uses a redundant master-slave serial bus architecture. Its important subsystems are hot-standby. The communication of subsystems is carried out in the light of the HDLC/SDLC protocol.


In this paper techniques for reducing power consumption of the high-resolution ADC are discussed. The main requirements for DC gain and capacitor mismatch of 2.5-bit multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) are defined. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate dynamic and static performances of a 12-bit 2.5-bit/stage pipelined ADCs depending on capacitor mismatch and op-amp DC gain of the stage.


The history of research in Northern krill mirrors a dichotomy apparent in the wider field of research in biological oceanography that has been apparent since the 1880s (Kunzig, 2000). Back then, Victor Hensen thought that the oceans could be described in purely numeric terms and spent decades counting plankton. Ernst Haeckel was meanwhile scathing, saying "Mathematical treatment of these does more harm than good, because it gives a deceptive semblance of accuracy, which in fact is not attainable" (Mills, 1989). Because of the difficulties encountered in trying to observe plankton in situ (Hamner & Hamner, 2000), modern day oceanographers have been drawn towards Hensen's approach, something made obvious by the complete absence of behavioural observation as a technique in the zooplankton biologists' handbook by Harris et al (2005). Kawaguchi et al (2010) suggest that many studies view krill as passive particles drifting at the behest of physical processes, yet an understanding of the behaviour of individual animals is fundamental to oceanic ecology. Here we review the work that has been attempted on Meganyctiphanes norvegica and similar organisms in aquaria housed on land or at sea. Our hope is that we encourage a re-appraisal of the utility of observational science and promote the individual plankter to a position more than that of a mere integer.


The criticality safety Benchmark Working group was formed to carefully review, evaluate, and compile critical experiment data into a standard easy to use format to be used by criticality safety analysts for validation of calculational techniques.Tasks and th format are described.


The term morphogen is used rigorously to describe a particular type of signaling molecule that acts on cells directly to induce distinct cellular responses in a concentration-dependent manner. Although there is abundant evidence for concentration-dependent activity of secreted signaling molecules, evidence for their direct action on cells has been lacking in many cases and, so far, only a few such molecules fulfill the criteria of morphogens. Nevertheless, the roles of morphogens during the development of Drosophila appendages have been extensively studied, and a few examples of morphogens have recently been identified in vertebrate development. These include members of the Hedgehog (Hh) family, for example, Hh in Drosophilappendage development (Mullor et al., 1997; Strigini and Cohen, 1997) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in chick neural tube development (Briscoe et al., 2001); the Wnt family member Wingless (Wg), which acts during Drosophila appendage development (Neumann and Cohen, 1997; Zecca et al., 1996); and some members of the TGFβ family, including Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in Drosophila appendage development (Lecuit et al., 1996; Nellen et al., 1996) and Squint in Zebrafish early embryonic development (Chen and Schier, 2001). Activin, another member of TGF β family, has been well studied in the Xenopus model system, in which the exogenously supplied signaling molecule activates target genes in a dose-dependent manner, and this has already been well described in a comprehensive review (Gurdon and Bourillot, 2001). In this primer, we will give a brief history of strategies adopted for identifying secreted morphogens, taking the development of Drosophila appendages as a model system, and we discuss how these strategies could be applied to the study in vertebrates. However, even for those morphogens that have been identified, we still do not understand crucial issues such as how morphogens are moved through a tissue, how a gradient is maintained, and how morphogens coordinate growth and patterning. In addition, the morphogen gradient must be invariable despite genetic or environmental fluctuations. Recent studies have revealed significant roles for cell surface molecules in shaping morphogen gradients, and these include morphogen receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Several reports have suggested the involvement of transcytosis, cytonemes and argosomes in morphogen transport, whereas numerical analyses have favored restricted diffusion as a mechanism for the formation of morphogen gradients. More cell biological and biochemical studies will be needed to evaluate the role of these activities and structures in gradient formation.


Abstract The 13 countries of ASEAN+3 are actively working towards creating a regional community in East Asia. At the same time, the regional countries have increasingly relied on web-based technologies to enable them to more efficiently use their resources. Even as this adoption of technology has assisted states, it has exposed them to new threats, with a growing number of East Asian networks and users now subject to a wide range of cyber attacks. These attacks have occurred within and across national boundaries with the transnational nature of cyber security making it difficult for governments to unilaterally securitize emergent cyber threats. As a result, it is becoming increasingly necessary for East Asian governments to protect their interests by working together. To do so effectively will require the adoption of policies and processes used to foster regional integration in other sectors and transfer them into the realm of cyberspace.


In this brief, hardware implementation of a novel tunable neuron is proposed based on choosing the minimum operator to generate the piecewise linear approximation of the neuron's transfer function. The proposed structure is compatible with analog and mixed-signal neural networks. An accurate model of the sigmoid function is developed by using minimum operator. Moreover, if required, the activation function of the neuron can be adjusted during the training to provide various maximal slope <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {sigmoid}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {hard}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {limit}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {linear}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> functions. The shape and the slope of the transfer function can be controlled by a 2-bit digital to analog converter. This allows the neuron to have different transfer functions based on the network requirements and during the training.


1. North Yemen - US contacts before 1962 2. Initial YAR-US contacts 3. Relations breached and restored, 1962-72 4. Development of a US interest in the YAR 5. The US and unified Yemen. Appendices: Main actors Important dates in Yemen's recent history, 1962-94.


This is an epidemiological, descriptive, comparative study whose objective was to compare the mortality from Land Transport Accidents in the cohorts: 2006/2007 and 2009/2010, in Maringa in the Brazilian State of Parana. Inferential statistics were undertaken (Chi-squred test) using the Statistica 8.0® software. It was observed that Land Traffic Accidents are the main causes of mortality from external causes – the local coefficient of mortality was 34.98%, above the national rate, principally among pedestrians, motorcyclists and men between 20 and 39 years old. And that in the comparison of the differences of the coefficient of mortality between the cohorts, there was an increase of 26.4%. It is concluded that there was, in the city, an increase of the coefficient of mortality from Land Transport Accidents. Thus, further investment is suggested in traffic education programs; inspections; and in studies evaluating the impact of the measure restricting the use of alcohol and driving in the traffic.


Sixty years ago Sidney and Emily Kark had a vision to make health care accessible to all South Africans, particularly those in rural and under-served areas. They established a comprehensive primary health care model that was replicated in over 40 rural communities before the apartheid government abolished their plan. In the light of these historic initiatives, what have health sciences training institutions achieved in the past 50 years to address the health care priorities of South Africans who are most in need?


Examines both the ideas and practical experiences which have influenced present-day conceptions of how a socialist economy should be organized and managed.


Abstract.Corn ( L.) for grain continues to be an important crop for livestock feed in the Texas High Plains (THP) region despite lackluster prices. It offers greater crop water productivity compared with other crops grown in the region but also has a relatively high water requirement, which must be met by irrigation. The sole water resource in the region is the Ogallala Aquifer, which is declining because withdrawals exceed recharge, and this is of major concern. Producers are interested in the performance of drought-tolerant (DT) corn, but data on DT crop production functions are limited. From 2015 to 2017, studies of DT corn response to different irrigation treatments were conducted in the THP at Bushland, Texas. Results showed that grain yields, seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc), and crop water use efficiency (WUE) varied significantly between seasons and among different DT hybrids. Comparisons between a mid-season (MS) and an early-maturing (EM) hybrid showed: (1) at the severe deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields were low, but the EM hybrid produced 400% more grain; (2) at the moderate deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields and ETc were similar; and (3) at the full irrigation treatment level, the EM hybrid required 75 mm less water, but it produced 24% less grain. Non-hail damaged MS DT corn produced grain yields that were numerically greater than conventional corn grown in the THP in an optimal year. However, during drought seasons, DT hybrid response was not improved over conventional hybrids under severe deficit irrigation. This study demonstrated that MS DT corn hybrid P1151AM, irrigated at a level that fully met evapotranspiration demand, resulted in grain yield and WUE levels that were near the upper limits for corn produced in the THP. Further research is needed to determine the constancy of response among different DT hybrids under favorable and drought conditions. Keywords: Center pivot, Deficit irrigation, Early-maturing corn, Hail damage, Mid-season corn, Variable-rate irrigation, Water use efficiency.


The stress sensitivity of coal seams with different fracture structures affects gas migration characteristics in the fracture zone. In this study, permeability stress experiments for intact and persistent fracture coal samples are carried out. A discrete element method numerical simulation that adopts the changing joint stiffness method is proposed. Based on the experimental data, the corresponding parameters of persistent fractures and elastic joints for fluid–solid coupling simulations are determined. Subsequently, the internal influence mechanisms of fracture morphology on axial and confining stress sensitivities are determined. The simulation results show that sectional fractures with different dip angles in the persistent fracture control the sensitivity to axial and confining stresses. The horizontal segment fracture aperture decreases with an increase in axial stress, which reduces its flow capacity. This results in a decrease in the flow rates in the persistent fracture. When the confining stress increases, the vertical fracture aperture is significantly reduced, considerably reducing the flow rate in the persistent fracture.


The Kalman filter has been successfully applied to target tracking. However, the Kalman filter is computationally demanding if the input measurement rate is high and/or if the state dimension is large. Furthermore, noisy measurements may decrease Kalman filter tracking accuracy. One way to possibly reduce the computational rate and sensitivity to noisy measurements is to partition the input spectrum into subbands, downsample, and employ Kalman filters in each subband. In this paper we present the relations of subband Kalman filter inputs and outputs to their fullband counterparts. We also present results from the target-tracking application which demonstrate the subband implementation performs equal to or better (in terms of error variance) than the fullband case when 1) only subband Kalman filters with significant energy are updated and 2) when the measurement noise is large.


A new cooperative received signal strength-based localization algorithm is proposed which employs relative error estimation and semidefinite programming (SDP). First, the log-normal shadowing RSS measurement model is transformed into an equivalent multiplicative model. Then, a relative error estimation criterion is used with this model to develop a nonconvex estimator to approximate the maximum likelihood solution. Finally, semidefinite relaxation is applied to the nonconvex estimator to obtain an SDP estimator. The proposed algorithm is first derived for noncooperative RSS-based localization and then extended to the cooperative case. The Cramer–Rao lower bound is derived for cooperative RSS-based localization. Performance results are presented, which demonstrate that the proposed SDP estimator provides a significant improvement over existing localization methods.


In recent years, great attentions are paid to real-time synchronous monitoring systems for the states of wide area power systems based on the GPS. In such systems, the real-time communication over long distance plays a very important role. Here, various solutions for real-time communication are discussed and compared, and a real-time communication system designed by the authors is expatiated on. This communication system, which mainly constitutes by the networks with certain communication delay and runs in synchronous parallel mode, is implemented and applied in actual power system, so the requirement of real-time communication can be met. In addition, in the design of this system the modularization method is adopted, so it possesses good compatibility and expandability and can be put into practical application.


Platinum mines produce large amounts of inorganic tailings containing high levels of metals which are disposed of on tailings disposal facilities (TDFs) and there is no information available on their possible effects on the surrounding terrestrial environment. The aim of this study was to do an earthworm bioassay of soils along a gradient from a TDF over a period of 28 days in terms of growth, reproduction and metal accumulation. After 28 days the earthworms in the soil collected up to 1 km away from the TDF showed a significant (P 3�5 km > 2�0 km. Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations in the soils collected in the soils on the platinum TDF (TDF � 15 km in the case of Zn) were higher, while Cd, Co and Pb were lower when compared to screening benchmarks proposed by the U.S. Dept. of Energy. The presence of these metals in a mixture, however, makes it extremely difficult to assess their effects. All of the metals had low bioconcentration factors (BCFs) viz. < 0.01 (CR, Ni and Pb), 0.01 (Co), 0.33�0.5 (Cd), 0.01�0.08 (Cu) and 0.18�0.29 (Zn). It can be concluded that platinum mining, with TDFs as source of contamination, has negative effects on the environment but further studies are needed to assess the exact extent of these effects.


As the main sector to support the foreign exchange reserves, Indonesia's tourism should be optimally prepared to allow continuous tourist visits. One of what all relevant stakeholders must prepare is the availability of tourism information. Unfortunately, the available English-Indonesian bilingual information quality has not been seriously optimized by the relevant stakeholders. The writers, as educators, also assume the responsibility to provide students with experience of translating tourism texts to make them familiarized with it and know how to translate the texts effectively in the future. This way, we hope to contribute to the improvement of prepared tourism information quality of Indonesia. Using explorative study design under the qualitative descriptive research paradigm, the writers explore the function of Smart Application Creator 3.0 software to design a mobile-based application for learning translation. Since today's students have high literacy of mobile app technology, we choose the software to be a source for exploration data, particularly for Android operating system platform. From the exploration we have done, we find facts that the translation application produced by the Smart Application Creator 3.0 software can be a prototype of Android application which can be included in Android Play Store. This application can also be used as a media for delivering translation theories as well as a media for translation practice. Nevertheless, the media for translation practice developed using this application cannot be a two-way interaction yet. In addition to this weakness, this research has not be capable of identifying the effectiveness for learning using this application and ensuring the response of this application users. This is what the writers would like to develop in further research.


Discussion about the existence of women in the public sphere is still a matter that invites debate. This is due to the many discourse that develops in the community. The discourse influences one's thinking in seeing women who come down in the public sphere, especially occupying leadership spaces. Therefore, the writer wants to see how this issue is seen in Muhammad Syahrur's discourse using his boundary theory. This Syahrur's thought was different from the thought of the classical scholars who tended to be too 'textualist' in looking at the text. They are of the view that universal Islam is Islam that existed at the time of the Prophet. Syahrur also considered the different contexts of space and time as when the na'al of the Qur'an was revealed.


Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the rat subfornical organ (SFO) was determined by the Koelle and Friedenwald method. Coronal sections showed a homogeneous reaction in the rostral region, which adopted a ring-like form in the anteromedial zone and a horseshoe pattern in the posteromedial zone. In the latter, AChE-specific positive neurons had been observed clearly in our sections. In sagittal sections the enzymatic reaction was intense in the anterior subependymal zone and dorsal region, and it continued caudally to the hippocampal area. The enzymatic activity was absent in the central region of the anteromedial zone and the subependymal region of the posteromedial zone. In sagittal sections the reaction was strongly positive in the periphery of the organ and negative in the posteromedial zone, near the choroid plexuses. Thus, we have shown that each region of the SFO presents a particular distribution of the AChE activity, related in some cases to neurons and in others to nerve fibers.


The diagenetic overprint in rhythmic hemipelagic successions can either enhance or change the original distribution of CaCO3, but it is difficult to evaluate its effect because in most field examples, it is not possible to distinguish between sedimentary and diagenetic features. The rhythmic succession of the Pliensbachian of Asturias (Spain) shows alternation of bioclastic and laminated/burrowed intervals. The original content of carbonate brought by storms from shallow areas was larger in the bioclastic horizons. However, there is a widespread mismatch between facies alternations and the observed lithological rhythms. The diagenetic redistribution of CaCO3 resulted in successive limestone–marl/clay couplets that do not match (either in number or in the location of the boundaries) the sedimentary cycles defined by facies alternations. We conclude that interpreting the limestone–marl rhythms as a direct response to primary changes is highly questionable, unless there is unequivocal proof of a sedimentary origin of the alternation of the two lithologies.


Many botanists have prefer red to omit a special name for a species in its narrower or varietal sense. I f no special varieties of a species were known, the specific binomial sufficed with them, as indeed it na tura l ly would with other workers. When new varieties did become known later on, it even then appeared sufficient to refer to the species in its typical aspect as the species proper. Going back, however, to the Linnean period, other botanists have chosen to make a more fo rma ldes igna t ion for the species in its narrower sense as soon as one or more addit ional varieties were discovered. At .first it became quite the custom to letter the species proper, as some would term it, with the Greek letter alpha. The addit ional varieties then became, in turn, vars. beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, etc., or, as more often printed, fl, T, 8, e, etc. Later, as names came to be demanded for all taxonomic entities, the " f l" and subsequent varieties of numerous species were formal ly named, but the "a" var ie ty was t reated divergent ly by different monographers , students of floristics, etc. Many ignored it altogether. l~any (myself among them in earlier days) kept it in mind but, perhaps with a fear lest they clutter our l i terature with unnecessary names, p re fe r red to call it merely the species proper. Others boldly gave it a definite var ietal name, such as typicus, gen.uin~ls, originari~ts, ver,~ls, veridicus, vulgaris, etc. In the course of their work, numerous taxonomists have set off with varietal names many aspects or states or races that careful monographers la ter found to be varietally ( though perhaps not formally or s~bformally) equivalent to the var. typic~s (or whatever it had been called). The Internat ional Rules of Botanical Nomenclature provide of course that iu such cases the first legitimate epithet is to be retained. ~ Unfor tunate ly , for the Eas te rn Hemisphere varietal and other subspecific categories, for which la t ter our reasoning under the In ter national Rules must be the same as for varieties .in this mat ter , have not been un i formly indexed and made available for ready reference. Indeed, for the Western Hemisphere, only since the advent of the admirable Gray Herba r ium Card Index has an a t t empt been made to index ful ly such categories. As a result, many workers appear to have grown careless. They have used loosely a name typicus or its general equivalent, manufac tu red by themselves on the spur of the moment, without even a t tempt ing a bibliographic search for the oldest legitimate epithet demanded by the In te rna t iona l Rules. Some others, f rom (their) considerations of logic, philosophy, or philo]ogy~ have refused to be bound in the mat ter by these Rules; they have gone their own way, making a new var. typicus, forma verus, etc., u t ter ly without regula tory restrictions. Touching the la t ter group, it seems sufficient to point out here that their course violates a pro-


The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), which was first described by Longo in 1998, reduces the prolapse of hemorrhoidal tissue by excising a band of the prolapsed anal mucosa membrane by using a circular stapling device. This technique has rapidly spread all over the world because it is associated with less pain and better quality of life postoperatively. In Japan, since 2001 it has been successfully introduced in the management of third-degree hemorrhoids, and has been reported to be associated with less postoperative pain, rapid recovery and low recurrence rate. The incidence of postoperative complications has been reduced with advances in stapling devices and tech-niques. However, PPH is not indicated for all types of hemorrhoids, and should be used selectively under strict indica-tions. Therefore, it should be performed by skilled and experienced surgeons who are familiar with not only this technique but also other treatments such as ligation and excision (LE) and ALTA. From our experience, PPH is a highly ef-fective treatment for selected patients with hemorrhoids.


Estimating the useful life of power system components is of considerable importance both in planning, to properly assess the costs, and in the management of such systems, to effectively schedule maintenance programs. The paper discusses the reliability of the insulation of power system components on the basis of well-known life models of such devices, with the aim of parametric statistical estimation of such models. With particular reference to insulated cables for traction systems under distorted regime, an experimentally-based and commonly adopted mathematical relationship between the lifetime of a given insulation affected by non-sinusoidal voltage and the levels of the harmonic voltages applied to such insulation is adopted, that is of the kind of the well-known Inverse Power Model (IPM). A Bayesian inference method for the estimation of the above model is illustrated, when the Gamma Exponential prior distribution - a new model here proposed - holds for the basic parameters of the above Inverse Power Model. The performance of these estimators are empirically analyzed through extensive numerical simulations under a wide range of parameter values. All the results show the feasibility and efficiency of such Bayes estimation, especially for very small sample sizes, as requested for the above applications.


In this paper presented are some spinning experience on Cablespun yarn production and its product development. Cablespun is more suitable for single yarn products, which is a well developed technique based on Sirospun technique. The newly developed Cablespun technology by Shanghai Wool Reasearch Institute opens a way that can produce single weavable yarn wool products. Some experiences obtained through cablespun practices is reliable for worsted mills to promote and apply the Cablespun technology.