The course of affairs in the second session of the Seventy-seventh Congress can best be differentiated from that of all recent years if examined with the thought that the United States is in an "all-out" war. That was how the President presented the situation to Congress on January 6 in his annual message on the state of the Union. And that was the phrase frequently used throughout the year by Representatives and Senators as an argument for or against enacting controversial bills, delegating unprecedented regulative powers, or appropriating many billions of dollars to defray governmental expenses. On the other hand, while all of the recommendations for legislation embodied in the President's message were designed to bring the war more quickly to a close, Congress was asked by the Administration at various times during the year for the enactment of measures not related to the defense program, as the proposals to "rid Congress of trivia" and for settlement of claims of American nationals against the government of Mexico. The House and Senate, likewise, of their own accord, troubled themselves with such matters as the repeal of poll tax laws, the right of Senator Langer to his seat in the Senate, and the so-called "Congressional pension bill."


This document, demonstrates that web maps can be used to create a 3 dimensional environment model and a path finding mechanism can be developed to find path in this environment. Innovative feature of this work is that any place on Earth can be recreated and simulated as 3 dimensional model. Map and height data are obtained through the internet and the data is used to create environment model procedurally. Then, objects that can be obstacles to an artificial intelligence agent are determined and a path finding model is procedurally generated. In tests, it is demonstrated that two different artificial intelligence agents (mobile robot and UAV) can find shortest path depending on their features.


Sino-Japanese adolescences are teste d by means of DTI in this research.The results are as follows,Chinese participa nts get higher scores in all dimensions of DTI than Japanese participants do.T here are significant differences between Chinese participants and Japanese part icipants in all dimensions of DTI.There are the same tendencies among differen t genders,different grades,only children and non-only children.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major psychological distress, mental health problems, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Among them, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as a comorbidity of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, obesity, high blood pressure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and these are poor prognostic factors for COVID-19 morbidity. Therefore, it is important to properly diagnose and treat sleep apnea during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, in-lab sleep studies such as polysomnography (PSG) tend to slightly decrease, and alternative methods such as home sleep apnea tests (HSAT) and telemedicine tend to emerge relatively. In the post-COVID-19 era, HSAT with a technically adequate device and telemedicine may become an important modality for the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. In addition, the protection of PSG technicians and the disinfection of equipment and the environment of in-lab sleep studies are emphasized. If COVID-19 is ruled out, the use of positive airway pressure devices for therapeutic purposes is not restricted, but efforts should be made to minimize the risk of aerosol generation. Infection and quality control in PSG are important and inevitable issues, and regulation within each institution will be required during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.


In Lenz v Universal Music Corp, a decision rendered on the 14 September 2015, the Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit states that copyright holders are bound to examine fair use before trying to take down content under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. While this development might appear as a major shift in US copyright law towards a stricter tolerance of frivolous take-down attempts, this comment demonstrates why this is not the case, and why the Lenz decision will instead incentivize copyright holders to remain wilfully blind of fair use concerns.


The pre-embeded grouting pipe method is illustrated in this paper and this method is without the need to drill holes on concrete surface,can avoid the pre-embeded part's damage and shorten the construction time for the rapid ascent substructure's grouting.The consolidation grounting hole's arrangement,the grouting pipe's pre-embeding,the cover weight and grouting parameter celection and grouting result analysis are described in detail and the construction method and process whichcan satisfy the requirement in guality,time,asfety and environment protection are established too.


[1] The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity investigated the physical properties of Martian regolith in 7 wheel trenches and 20 wheel scuffs distributed along traverses at Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum. Specialized wheel-trenching sequences allowed analysis of wheel motor and suspension telemetry to determine regolith friction angle ϕ and cohesion c at trench sites. Friction angles were 30°–37°, and cohesions were 0–2 kPa. Simpler wheel-scuff maneuvers were analyzed for cohesion by assuming the range of ϕ determined from trenches; cohesions in wheel-scuffed regoliths were from 0 to 11 kPa. Regolith ϕ and c can be related to regolith origins. Grain sorting, compaction, shape, size, and angularity influence ϕ. Impact cratering and aeolian processes have affected grain angularity and sorting of Martian regolith at both Mars Exploration Rover (MER) landing sites and contend in opposing ways to determine grain characteristics in the regolith. Friction angles are consistent with dry, rigid, nonplaty grains with particle size frequencies dominated by very fine sand (as seen by the Microscopic Imager or MI) with at least some grain rounding (unresolved by MI), reflecting physical weathering from aeolian saltation. Friction angle results from MER trenches therefore indicate that regolith states are between fully mature aeolian materials and impact debris. MI and color Pancam views show trench tailings and trench floors are redder, brighter, and have more intermixed extremely fine (unresolved) grains than regolith closer to the surface disturbed and exposed only by rolling tracks.


The present study introduces some data regarding Radiation Doses Due to Natural Radioactivity measured the investigations we have already carried out in Selected Areas in Southern Part of Jordan. The investigated area, which is 270 Km long, includes three governorates in Jordan: Tafila, Ma'an, and Aqaba. These data emphasis on new findings of different radiation dose rates, to mainly identify the potential and known impacts of exposures in these areas of this part of the country on public health, and also to make recommendations for further studies. A significant part of the total dose contribution in the form of natural sources comes from terrestrial gamma radionuclides. The measured absorbed dose rates in air were in the range of 10 –200 nSv/ h. The lowest absorbed external dose rate was on the water body of Gulf of Aqaba, while the highest was on the highway of the industrial zone south of Aqaba.


The research was conducted at Shahpur, Dumuria, Khulna to assess the effects of stocking densities on growth and yield of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in rice fields with mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) from 2 August to 30 November, 2014 in 12 experimental rice plots. Each of four treatments with three replicates was tested in this experiment. In all treatments M. rosenbergii was stocked with A. mola. The stocking densities of M. rosenbergii were 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 25,000 individuals/ha in treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The stocking density of A. mola was the same (20,000/ha) in all the treatments. In regards of the cultural suitability, the production of prawn and mola showed a higher growth with subsistence in T2, in which the stocking density of prawn was 15,000/ha and the mola was 20,000/ha. The highest production of prawn was recorded as 386.20±4.96 kg/ha, whereas the mola was 70.68±1.23 kg/ha in treatment T2 than those of other treatments. The survival was the highest in T2 (49.65%) followed by T1 (44.25%) and T4 (43.55%) and the lowest in T3 (39.58%). Overall, the highest production and survival were obtained in T2 and hence, it found to be more productive than the other treatments. The study therefore, established the fact that polyculture of freshwater prawn and mola is a better composition for rice-fish integration in Bangladesh.


Summary: Adult Russian males (ages 40-49) have recently been shown, in collaborative Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) studies, to have substantially higher (8-10 mg/dl) plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) than adult American males. Since C-HDL has a powerful inverse correlation with the risk of developing coronary heart disease, elucidation of the etiology of cross-cultural differences in C-HDL may be important in developing approaches to prevent or ameliorate coronary heart disease. This LRC study, using identically standardized LRC laboratories, focused on cord blood C-HDL in 423 neonates of Leningrad (USSR) and 425 neonates of Cincinnati (USA) to determine whether, like Russian adults, Russian neonates had higher C-HDL levels. Mean C-HDL levels in male and female American neonates were slightly (1-2 mg/dl), but not significantly higher (P = 0.22, 0.22) than in male and female Russian neonates, respectively. In subsets of the neonate American (260 of 425) and Russian (174 of 423) groups, mean C-HDL levels were 3 mg/dl and 3 mg/dl higher, respectively, in male and female American neonates than in their Russian counterparts, and these small mean differences were statistically significant, P < 0.025. Thus, adult Russian-American differences in C-HDL were not echoed by comparisons of neonates, using identical laboratory methods for lipoprotein determination. The within-culture, cross-sex comparisons of cord blood lipids and lipoproteins, did, however, parallel findings in older children and young adults. Both female American and Russian neonates had higher C-HDL levels than did males (P = 0.001, 0.002). Within the limits of inheritance as expressed by cord blood lipoproteins, the dichotomy between Russian and American neonates and adults for C-HDL suggests that higher adult Russian C-HDL levels may possibly reflect an aggregate of variables grouped under the term "environmental effect."Speculation: Because population studies and studies of kindreds with familial hyper-α-lipoproteinemia reveal a strong inverse correlation of C-HDL with coronary heart disease, the elucidation of the etiology of cross-cultural and cross-racial differences in C-HDL might have considerable importance in identifying "protective" environmental differences relevant to development of coronary heart disease.


The element-free method(EFM) is used to study the free vibration of cylindrical shell structures.Based on the moving least square method and Hamilton's principle of elastic system,the corresponding eigen-equation is obtained,and the computational programme is written.The numerical calculation results show that this method is reasonable and feasible in solving the dynamic structure problem of the cylindrical shell.


Data transmission between the downhole and surface called the downhole telemetry system is a critical part of monitoring and extraction processes in the oil and gas industry. Numerous real-time data transmission techniques for downhole telemetry systems have been implemented, however, growing demands of higher bandwidth and data rate for downhole communications made it necessary to find a new, reliable, and low-cost communication system. In this area, visible light communications (VLC) with a huge available spectrum providing high bandwidth and data rate are indispensable opportunities for downhole telemetry systems. This paper addresses the issues related to the VLC usage in downhole gas pipeline telemetry/monitoring systems. To emulate real field conditions, a carbon steel coated and carbon dioxide-filled gas pipeline is created with a circulating pump and a pressure gauge, and the VLC setup is established. The performance of a VLC system employing an asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) modulation technique with 128-FFT and guard band is practically tested by taking channel estimation and synchronization into account. Moreover, the channel impulse response of the carbon dioxide-filled gas pipeline is presented along with a proposed path-loss model. The BER against SNR performance of the proposed downhole telemetry system is investigated for carbon dioxide gas at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the effect of the circulating pump and different colors of led on system performance is presented. Measurement results of the free-space air medium are also included as a benchmark.


As photovoltaic (PV) arrays near transportation pathways and installations in urban areas continue to grow, concern arises about how solar reflections may distract people with potentially dangerous consequences. We demonstrate a method to calculate sunlight reflections as a function of date, time, and location dependent solar positions, and given PV module orientation. Mathematical methods have been used to study reflections, with numerous methods available to calculate reflections under various circumstances. Here, tools within the pvlib-python package were used to generate angles for the Sun's path, in order to calculate reflections in terms of elevation and azimuth angles, common measurements to the field of PV array design and analysis.


This paper carries out a cluster mean-field analysis for spontaneous symmetric breaking in a two-lane asymmetric exclusion process with narrow entrances and parallel update. We demonstrate that the asymmetric low-density/low-density phase does not exist, based on a current minimization principle. With the increase of the cluster number in the cluster mean-field analysis, an exponential decay of the boundary between asymmetric high-density/low-density phase and symmetric low-density phase as well as the bulk density in the symmetric low-density phase has been observed, which enables us to predict the phase boundary and the bulk density in the exact solution. The predicted results are in agreement with simulations.


The status of college student' social supports is closely relatived to those psychology and personality' development. For several years, many scholars have studied on this problem. This article summarize the production of these studies recent years.The source of the social support, the mechanism, the tools and the mutual effects between them are all involved.


Objective Through the epidemiology of neurilemmoma treated by the Military General Hospital from March of 1993 to May 2001,to realize the incidence of encephalic neurilemmoma,and analyze related clinic characters.Methods 268 cases of encephalic nerilemmoma treated in the hospital in 8 years and 2 months were analyzed retrospectively.Results Encephalic neurilemmoma cases in this group occupied 1.42‰ of all patients in the same term,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.06,the incidence of neurilemmoma in the group of forties was tiptop,reaching to 28.5%,and in the left side is higher than in the right side.Conclusion Improving the diagnosis level of neurilemmoma will be helpful to the treatment of encephalic neurilemmoma.


Native Americans and their white rural neighbors have long been archetypal enemies in conflicts over natural resources. In particular regions of the country in the late twentieth century, tribes fighting for their treaty rights dealt with local white farmers, ranchers, commercial fishers, or sportfishers as the main obstacle to securing treaty-guaranteed access to fish, game, or water. As the tribes secured these rights, many rural whites joined an anti-Indian movement to oppose tribal sovereignty. Yet in some of these same resource conflict zones, beginning in the 1970s, members of Native and rural white communities unexpectedly came together to protect the same natural resources from a perceived outside threat. Environmental alliances began to bring together Native Americans and rural white resource users in areas of the country where no one would have predicted or even imagined them. In an evolution that has continued into the 2000s, some Native and rural white communities formed grassroots alliances that have become a key element in the protection of natural resources. By comparing case studies of these "unlikely alliances" in the states of Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Montana, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, I hoped to find reasons why these communities turned from conflict to cooperation.1 The evolution went through four general and often overlapping stages. First, Native Americans asserted their cultural autonomy and tribal sovereignty. Second, a backlash from some rural whites created a conflict around


Marginal pricing of harmonic injections can be shown to encourage each member of the network to independently act in such a way that the harmonic profile of the system is optimized. A problem encountered with marginal pricing is that loads can be charged complex amounts for their injections. This paper demonstrates that the real part of the amount charged for any injection reflects the "in-phase" component of that current, which will either increase or decrease the prevailing harmonic voltages. The imaginary part charged to a load reflects the quadrature component of their injections, which has no effect on the voltage magnitudes, at the margin. Each load need only be liable for the real amount they are charged, which has a direct correspondence with the total payments due.


The study of electrical machines is a classic subject in electrical engineering and usually involves the understanding of transformers and rotating devices. Several simulation programs can give a good platform to help the electrical engineer to find a reasonable solution with quite accurate loading predictions and minimum costs. This chapter gives the foundations of this subject that might be very important for students, engineers, and designers to work through a model based on a simulation design approach. There are two simple ways of simulating an induction machine (IM) in PSIM: either using an equivalent circuit PSIM block made up with electrical components or using the premade equivalent block that can be embedded in the electrical circuit simulation. Some types of rotating loads demand for a good speed control. In laboratory tests, it is very common to use a DC motor driving a loaded self‐excited induction generator (SEIG) to keep constant its load frequency.


Searching for people information on the Web is a common practice in life. However, it is time consuming to search for such information manually. In this paper, we aim to develop an automatic people information search system, named ARISE-PIE. To build such a system, we tackle two major technical challenges: data harvesting and data integration. For data harvesting, we study how to leverage search engine to help crawl the relevant Web pages for a target entity; then we propose a novel learning to query model that can automatically select a set of "best" queries to maximize collective utility ( e.g. , precision or recall). For data integration, we study how to leverage flexible forms of constraints as weak supervision to achieve collective information extraction from a target entity's Web page corpus; then we propose a novel conditional probabilistic formulation to model constraints and an efficient realization to enable the inference with constraints. We evaluate our data harvesting and data integration solutions on the real-world data sets, and show that they both achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art baselines. We also evaluate our system on a benchmark data set and with a user study, in which we both show promising results.


Construction of high-speed railway in China has entered a period of rapid growth. To accurately and quickly obtain the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle is an important guarantee for safe driving. The measuring system is based on binocular stereo vision. Considering the difficulties in field calibration such as environmental changes and time limits, carried out a field calibration method based on fast reconstruction of three-dimensional control field. With the rapid assembly of pre-calibrated three-dimensional control field, whose coordinate accuracy is guaranteed by manufacture accuracy and calibrated by V-STARS, two cameras take a quick shot of it at the same time. The field calibration parameters are then solved by the method combining linear solution with nonlinear optimization. Experimental results showed that the measurement accuracy can reach up to ± 0.5mm, and more importantly, in the premise of guaranteeing accuracy, the speed of the calibration and the portability of the devices have been improved considerably.


Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning (LGTBQ) youth have poorer health outcomes than straight or cisgender youth.1,2 Understanding a child's gender identity (GI) is an opportunity to intervene in this disparity. As one approach, we sought to describe GI and health behaviors among adolescents in an emergency care setting. Methods A survey was conducted in 12-18 year olds presenting at two urban emergency departments in Minnesota between December, 2018 and June, 2019. The survey was adapted from the Minnesota Student Survey2, including questions on GI, mental and …


In this paper, we use the variational method to extract the short periodic orbits of the Qi system within a certain topological length. The chaotic dynamical behaviors of the Qi system with five equilibria are analyzed by the means of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, and Poincaré maps. Based on several periodic orbits found with different sizes and shapes, they are encoded systematically with two letters or four letters for two different sets of parameters. The periodic orbits outside the attractor with complex topology are discovered by accident. In addition, the pitchfork bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcation, periodic orbit bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation of periodic orbits, and Hopf bifurcation in the Qi system are explored. In this process, the rule of orbital period changing with parameters is also investigated. The calculation and classification method of periodic orbits in this study can be widely used in other similar low-dimensional dissipative systems.


Abstract: Biotechnology offers an opportunity to improve the breadmaking quality of wheat by changing the amounts of endogenous proteins, by expressing proteins from related species or by designing novel forms of proteins with specific properties. The major determinants of breadmaking performance are gluten proteins which account for about 80% of the total protein in white flour. Manipulation of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit genes by up- and down-regulation results in changes to functional properties.


Ukraine is an associate member of the European Union and in the coming years it is expected that all the data and services already used by European Union countries will become available for Ukraine. An important program, which is the basis for building European monitoring services for Smart Cities, is the Copernicus program. The two most important services of this program are Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). CLMS provides important information on Land Use in Europe. In the context of Smart Cities, the most valuable one is the Urban Atlas service, which is related to local CLMS services and provides a detailed digital city plan in vector form, which is segmented into small functional areas classified by the CORIN nomenclature. The Urban Atlas is a geospatial layer with high-resolution, which is built for all European cities with a population of more than 100,000 that combines high-resolution sat-ellite data, city segmentation by blocks and functional areas, important city infrastructure, etc. This product is used as a basis for city planning and obtaining analytics on the most important indicators of city development including air quality monitoring. For Ukraine, such geospatial products are not provided under the Copernicus program. It is important to start work on its development and implementation as early as possible, so that when the first city atlas appears, Ukraine will be ready to work with it together with the European community. This requires preparing the basis for na-tional research and training national stakeholders and users to use this product. To make this happen it's necessary to have national geospatial product, which can be used as an analogue of the city atlas. In this article authors analyzed the existing methods of air quality assessment and assessment of the SDG indicator 11.6.2 achieving for European cities, based on which the indicator 11.6.2 for Ukraine for 5 years was evaluated for the first time. The obtained results are analyzed and the values of indicator 11.6.2 for Ukraine are compared with European countries.


Survey Xinjiang Uygur,Hui,Han 11 on the basis of genetic traits was calculated on 11 of genetic traits in these three nations gene frequency,and the three nation's gene frequency comparison.The results showed: Uygurs and other two ethnic differences in gene frequencies significantly,Han and Hui and the difference between not significant.


Due to the stereotypes that women are unable to do jobs besides household chores, the people mostly assume that women are unable to work in politics and government as well as men do. This assumption, implicitly, violates human's right to reach their social welfare. This paper, hence, aims to explore how women are perceived and treated in the government of the United States, specifically in the Congress by analyzing the current situation through literature reading. Based on the historical studies, the authors argue that gender equality has not been applied properly in the United States' political system. This case eventually results in the emergence of various doubts on the United States as a role model for countries around the world that promote her civilian rights as the main priority.


Meltdown and Spectre are two vulnerabilities discovered in 2017. These vulnerabilities allow unauthorized users to extract confidential information from systems. Security patches have been develope ...


[Adults of caligiform copepods are often found in plankton samples, in addition to the naupliar and copepodid stages. Here, we report on adult parasitic copepods of the families Caligidae and Pandaridae from plankton samples collected in Japanese and Chinese coastal waters. The following previously described species were found in 2008: Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954; C. orientalis
Gusev, 1951; C. undulatus
Shen and Li, 1959; Lepeophtheirus semicossyphi
Yamaguti, 1939; Metacaligus uruguayensis
Thomsen, 1949, and Pandarus satyrus
Dana, 1852 in Japanese waters; and C. orientalis and C. rotundigenitalis
Yu, 1933 in Chinese waters. The findings of adults of Lepeophtheirus and Metacaligus in plankton samples represent the first such a record for each genus. Two new species of Caligus are also described from plankton taken in Japanese waters in 2008 and 2010. An ovigerous female collected from off Iheya Island, Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa Prefecture is described as Caligus quadrigenitalis sp. nov., and two adult females and a male collected from the Seto Inland Sea and off Hirado Island, Kyushu, western Japan is described as Caligus ogawai sp. nov., Adults of caligiform copepods are often found in plankton samples, in addition to the naupliar and copepodid stages. Here, we report on adult parasitic copepods of the families Caligidae and Pandaridae from plankton samples collected in Japanese and Chinese coastal waters. The following previously described species were found in 2008: Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954; C. orientalis Gusev, 1951; C. undulatus Shen and Li, 1959; Lepeophtheirus semicossyphi Yamaguti, 1939; Metacaligus uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949, and Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1852 in Japanese waters; and C. orientalis and C. rotundigenitalis Yu, 1933 in Chinese waters. The findings of adults of Lepeophtheirus and Metacaligus in plankton samples represent the first such a record for each genus. Two new species of Caligus are also described from plankton taken in Japanese waters in 2008 and 2010. An ovigerous female collected from off Iheya Island, Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa Prefecture is described as Caligus quadrigenitalis sp. nov., and two adult females and a male collected from the Seto Inland Sea and off Hirado Island, Kyushu, western Japan is described as Caligus ogawai sp. nov.]


The phase state and structure of the blends of octadecylamine (ODA) with a nematic ionogenic LC copolymer containing mesogenic (hydroxycyanobiphenyl) and ionogenic (30% acrylic acid) groups were studied by IR spectroscopy. The IR data confirm the ionic character of the acid-amine bonds. The blends with low ODA concentrations (5-15 mol %) show evidence of the S A -phase induction caused by the formation of intra- and intermolecular ionic associates. The further increase in the ODA content (24-29 mol %) leads to the appearance of the S B - and S E -phases. The effect of the molecular mass of ionogenic copolymers on the phase state of the blend was studied by GPC. As the molecular mass increases, the concentration interval of the nematic phase formation narrows, the interval of the S A -phase broadens, and the system exhibits a trend of forming more ordered phases.


Correspondence: Child health surveillance has always been an integral part of the Hilary Lumsden health visitor's role. More recently there have been moves to incorporate the six-eight week physical examination into health visitors' workload. Changes to contracts and funding arrangements means that some children are being denied this aspect of care. The early detection of congenital cataracts, congenital heart disease (CHD), developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) and cryptorchidism will ensure early treatment is instigated. With appropriate training and support, health visitors are finding themselves in a key position to take this additional aspect of child


atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H): characteristics and histologic outcomes. Cancer 2006;108:298–305. 8. Shafi MI, Luesley DM, Jordan JA, Dunn JA, Rollason TP, Yates M. Randomised trial of immediate versus deferred treatment strategies for the management of minor cervical cytological abnormalities. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:590–4. 9. Cullimore J, Scurr J. The abnormal glandular smear: cytologic prediction, colposcopic correlation and clinical management. J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;20:403–7. 10. Jordan J, Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P, et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening: recommendations for clinical management of abnormal cervical cytology, Part 2. Cytopathology 2009;20 (in press). 11. Adams M, Jasani B, Fiander A. Human papilloma virus (HPV) prophylactic vaccination: Challenges for public health and implications for screening. Vaccine 2007; 25: 3007–13.


Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) imaging is capable of directly imaging the diffusion and uptake of drugs into tissue, enabling the direct quantification of pharmacokinetics and the extraction of key pharmacokinetic parameters such as Tmax. We will present our work translating this toolkit to the study of percutaneous pharmacokinetics in human skin and clinical studies. Our ongoing work incorporates new machine learning models to map drug PK to human skin morphorology, as well as portable coherent Raman imaging tools for pharmacokinetic studies directly in diseased skin.


A laser (light amplification of stimulated emission of radiation) is the artificial ray, which is monochromatic, coherent and directional. Laser light with wavelengths of between 600 and 1, 300nm is optimized the depth of penetration in human tissue and is therefore most commonly used in the clinical setting. Low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT), outputting laser light with less than 500mW power, have been recommended for use in rehabilitation because there is some evidence that this form of electromagnetic energy may be biostimulative, facilitate healing and reduce pain. LLLT activates the electron transport chain, increases ATP synthesis, and therefore cause the macrophage, fibroblast and lymphocyte activity. Some studied that LLLT changed the nerve conduction and regeneration and induced vasodilation, particularly of the microcirculation. LLLT is clinically useful in wound healing, musculoskeletal disorders and pain management. The irradiation points are symptomatic pain area, motor points, ganglion, meridian point and so on. Especially irradiation to stellate ganglion and acupuncture points is safe and effective to reduce pain and to improve the peripheral circulation in human. It is difficult to make definitive recommendations for the clinical application of LLLT in rehabilitation, so that we have to study and reveal the mechanism of LLLT effects.


Sweden has become known as the prototype for the Social Democratic welfare state. Since around 1960, the modern Swedish social security system was built on a combination of universalism, i.e. that social rights encompassed all inhabitants and income security, guaranteeing the standard of living for those who for some reason could not continue to work. The social insurances were organized through the state, thereby minimizing market solutions. This article presents the road to the modern welfare state and the crisis it met during recent decades. The debate about modern social politics started in Sweden in the 1880s, inspired by Bismarck and the German social political discourse, but also by the important social problems in the late 19th century, with poverty, emigration, social and economic insecurity on one side, and urbanization, industrialization and the introduction of capitalistic wage labour on the other. In this period, the rural areas still dominated Sweden, as well as the other Nordic countries. A large proportion of the population – more than 50% – was still living in the countryside, and worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing, etc. For those who had a small farm or similar means of support, old-age pensions and other social insurances were less of a problem than they were for the urban working class. But the rural groups were taxpayers and played an important role in the political system and in the parliament. It was almost impossible to introduce state-financed systems in Sweden without giving benefits back to this large proportion of the taxpayers. Therefore, it was difficult to win political support for proposals, which were directed only towards special groups, such as poor persons, the working class or the industrial workers.


The best application time and suitable concentration of paclobutrazol that used in the salvia plug seedlings was investigated.The results showed that the 50 mg·L-1 paclutrazol treated when three and a half leaves were formed was the best treat.Compared with the control,the height of the best treat was reduced by 40%,the stem diameter increased by 23%,the leaf thickness increased by 154%,the dry matter of the whole plant improved by 35%,and the activity of root enhanced by 77%.At last,the index of strong seedling increased by 177%.The primary reasons are that the reduction of height,and the increase of stem diameter and leaf thickness promote the accumulation of assimilation,and make the seedling stronger.


A parameter-free analytical formula for dissociation energy of diatomic system is proposed recently by Sun et al..The new formula,which can be used together with algebraic method(AM) to calculate the accurate full vibration energy for diatomic molecules,is applied to study the dissociation energy and the full vibration spectra of the X2Σ g + state of Li+2 and the X2Σ + state of CO+ diatomic ions.The results show that the AM vibration spectra and dissociation energy have excellent agreement with experimental values.


The oxygenation chemistry catalyzed by d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is theoretically characterized with transition structures (T-Ss) describing enolization, oxygen fixation, hydration, and concerted O−O and C2−C3 bond breaking. These T-Ss are obtained at HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G**, and B3LYP/6-31G** levels of theory. Hydroxypropanone models the substrate embedded in the Mg coordination shell including a model of the carbamylated lysine. The enolization transition vector describes the intramolecular hydrogen transfer from C3 to the carbonyl oxygen (O2). The carbamylated lysine shows a striking catalytic effect by modulating the dihedral angle of the fragment O2−C2−C3−O3. For the isolated hydroxypropanone, the angle is ca. −5°, decreasing to ca. −60° in the Mg-embedded model. The torsion diminishes the hydroxypropanone singlet−triplet energy gap and prompts the interaction with 3O2. In turn, an intersystem crossing channel is opened along the reaction path. The lowest energy T-S for...


This paper deals with the nonsimultaneous blow-up problems for with coupled nonlinear boundary flux . The main results extend the existence of two components blowing up simultaneously in the paper J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2009;356:215–231 to the case of components blowing up simultaneously. We verify that blow-up phenomena are independent of the choosing of the initial data in some exponent regions, while, in some others, the blow-up phenomena depend sensitively on the choosing of initial data. Moreover, the blow-up rates and sets are obtained for blow-up components.


The histogenesis of the intradermal melanocytic tumor induced in the skin of 88 female BDF1 mice by DMBA and TPA is studied light‐and electron‐micro‐scopically. Four types of melanocytes were found in the mouse skin. [1] The epidermal melanocytes transiently appeared several days after topical application of DMBA. [2] Hair follicles turned into anagen phase and follicular melanocytes became apparent by week 3. [3] After week 3, intradermal melanocytes of the perifollicular melanocytic networks (PFM), which were scattered in untreated mouse skin, proliferated to form the intradermal melanocytic tumors, and 267 tumors, composed of oval melanocytes in medullary growth, were induced in all of the 19 treated mice by week 32. [4] Large dendritic melanocytes located deep in the reticular dermis, which did not participate in the formation of the tumor. Only 3 papillomas were induced in 2 of the 19. Light‐and electron‐microscopically, there was no evidence of migration of epidermal and hair follicular melanocytes into the dermis. Additionally, melanin‐producing activity in the cytoplasm of Schwann cell and perineural epithelium was observed. The histogenesis of the intradermal melanocytic tumor was closely related to the melanocytes of the perifollicular melanocytic network (PFM).


The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of breast cancer on chronic disease medication adherence among older women.


A drive system has an engine, a tank container (1) for storing an expendable operating medium (2) for the engine, a filling-level monitoring apparatus (6) for monitoring the filling level in the tank container (1) and/or in a feed line (4) from the tank container (1) to the engine, and an interruption apparatus (6) for interrupting the engine in the case of an imminent lack of operating medium. If the filling level drops below a predefined filling-level height, this is detected by the filling-level monitoring apparatus (6) and reported to the interruption apparatus (6) which thereupon interrupts the drive system. Drive systems which are designed in this way are suitable for use in equipment, for example, in civil engineering, where emptying of the fuel tank frequently occurs as a result of the extreme building-site operation.


Economists have generally argued that if a land tax is administratively feasible, then to increase efficiency it should be used to the exclusion of output taxes. This article shows that underlying this policy prescription is the assumption that institutions for pooling and spreading production risks are perfect. When account is taken of the imperfections in those institutions, some use of output taxes will be Pareto superior to a pure land tax regime and may induce higher output, as well. Henry George was wrong. These results generally apply even when the land tax is indexed to regional output, and when land is farmed under sharecropping. Even in these cases, a move from a pure land tax to a mix of land and low output taxes will reduce pre-existing distortions in both consumption and production arising from the imperfection in risk markets.


1.6 Attention and Scene Understanding 1.6.1 Is scene understanding purely attentional? 1.6.2 Cooperation between Where and What 1.6.3 Attention as a component of vision 1.7 Discussion


In this paper a DWT (discrete wavelet transform) based watermarking system is proposed. The proposed embedding system changes coefficients. The extracting system rebuilds thresholds according to various attacks and decides a watermark bit from the least distorted coefficient. A new measure to detect the uniqueness of watermark is also proposed.


To evaluate the effect of major surface burns on pulmonary epithelial permeability, the authors studied 8 rabbits. After a 60-min baseline period, a 40% body surface area burn was inflicted. Permeability was assessed by following the rate of passage of 2 radiolabeled tracers from alveoli to arterial blood (125I antipyrene, 51Cr EDTA) and correlated with dynamic compliance, airflow resistance, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gases.Although dynamic compliance and the pH declined and airflow resistance increased (p < 0.05), there was no significant change in permeability or P(A-a)o2. The authors conclude that extensive surface burns produce alterations in pulmonary mechanics and arterial pH which are not associated with increased alveolar epithelial permeability.


Data are given for PSI(3095) decay into $lambda$ anti $lambda$, and evidence is shown for the channels $Sigma$ anti $Sigma$ and possibly $Xi$ anti $Xi$. The final states $Sigma$ anti $Sigma$ and $Xi$ anti $Xi$ are however ambiguous with $lambda$ anti $lambda$ X$sup 0$. The decay PSI(3095) $Yields$ $lambda$ anti $lambda$ pair is of particular interest because $lambda$ anti $lambda$ pair is in a pure I = 0 state. It is shown that this decay proceeds directly rather than through an intermediate $gamma$, and thus one obtains a determination of the I-spin of the PSI(3095). (JFP)


Abstract. Winarni ET, Simanjuntak SBI, Nuryanto A. 2023. DNA barcoding of crustacean larvae with two new records of Caridina gracilipes and Ptychognathus altimanus in the Western Region of Segara Anakan lagoon in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 341-348. Several studies have been carried out on crustacean larvae diversity, but they focused on the eastern and central regions of the Segara Anakan lagoon/estuary, Cilacap District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, one study has explored crustaceans in the western region but focused on adult individuals and used morphological characteristics. Currently, there is no internet data on the crustacean larvae diversity from the estuary's western region, and there is a high possibility that some species are unidentified. This study aims to describe crustacean larvae diversity in the western region of the Segara Anakan lagoon in Indonesia by using DNA barcoding. Sequence divergence of 3% to databases in GenBank and BOLDsystems was used as a genetic threshold for species border. A total of 14 morphotypes were barcoded, but only nine were successful, of which three were identified as bacteria and six as crustaceans. Based on the predetermined genetic threshold, all crustacean morphotypes can be identified at the species level, and six species were obtained. Meanwhile, a previous study on the adult individual only identified specimens at the genus level, and only one genus was similar to these obtained results. A total of 5 out of 6 species were new records to the western region Cilacap, while 2, namely Caridina gracilipes and Ptychognathus altimanus, are newly recorded in the Segara Anakan lagoon. These results contribute significantly to the information on crustacea larvae diversity, which is essential for sustainable management.


The objective of the article is to generate a humanistic theory based on social responsibility, with the purpose of investigating reciprocal guarantees in complex times, ontologically being and doing as an integral process, examining the effect of granting the bond on the risk of society. Currently, the national guarantee system shows axiological principles in the risk culture of human beings. In financial institutions ambiguity and entropy generates low liquidity exposing high levels of uncertainty which makes leverage inefficient. Methodologically, the phenomenological qualitative paradigm will be used, taking into account the key informants which will be made up of four (04) managers or owners of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), located in the Municipality of Libertador and Campo Elias. This unstable environment makes the financial system sensitive to hyperinflation because of the high costs since there is no perfect competition in the economy, also, the low exchange rate growth due to its complexity is detonating for the institutions in which both the micro and macroeconomically affects the advantage competitive sustainable and sustainable.


The kinetics of the first-order solid-state structural transition in monodisperse n-alkanes samples of tricosane C23H48 and tetracosane C24H50 was studied by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. The initial nuclei location of the new phase was revealed. The process of crystal structure rearrangement is initiated in the interlayers between neighboring lamellar for odd tricosane, while the nanonuclei in even tetracosane arise in the crystalline lamella cores. Thus, the influence of the number evenness of carbon atoms in the n-alkanes chains on the first-order structural phase transition has been proved.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a laminate LEATHER STRETCH, MANUFACTURED FROM A FABRIC STRETCH AND A LEATHER STRETCH, SO THE DIRECTIONS OF STRETCHING RAISED FABRIC and leather are substantially aligned in a pre-selected REGION LEATHER. The invention also Refire TO FINISHED LAMINATE CONTAINING THESE.


............................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 The Concept of Strategy ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Sustainable Competitive Advantage ...................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Water and Energy Equipment Supply Industry in Kenya ........................... 4 1.1.4 Davis and Shirtliff Kenya Limited ......................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Problem............................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Research Objective ................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Value of the Study .................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 10 2.


In an amplifying type MOS sensor having a 3-transistor construction, when a frame rate is raised, an accumulation time of a frame just after the switching of a drive mode becomes short. When a gain correction is made to compensate a lack of accumulation time, a deterioration in picture quality is caused. A read out scan and a reset scan are executed in parallel in the frame before the switching of the drive mode, thereby preventing that a time period for resetting a pixel is overlapped with a time period for holding a pixel signal into a holding unit.


Research on psychotherapy in general, and psychodynamic therapy in particular, has consistently found that the quality of the alliance predicts the outcome of treatment. Little empirical support exists for the notion that the alliance sets the stage for techniques to be most effective, although adequate studies of this interaction between techniques and alliance are scarce. Research suggests that that the alliance is influenced in part by preexisting patient characteristics and in part by the quality of therapist interventions. Limitations of the empirical literature on the alliance are presented and some suggestions for future research are given.


Implementation of the over-size accepting scheduler to the optical MPLS shared buffer switch and the architecture of the switch are discussed. The simulation results show that the scheduler dissolves the limitation to an acceptable packet size and improves performances.


An estimated 99 million Americans live with a chronic illness (1). Through improved knowledge and treatment, people with chronic diseases are living longer. Meeting the needs of this population is one of the major challenges facing the U.S. health care system today and in the future. This challenge is made more difficult because most chronic illnesses increase in prevalence and severity in old age, and treatment includes advance care planning and management of many comorbid conditions. A majority of Americans with major chronic illnesses are probably not receiving appropriate or effective management (2). The consequences are poor disease control, exacerbations, and complications that far exceed those seen with appropriate care. The U.S. Institute of Medicine has described this difference between usual and appropriate care as the quality chasm (3). Most people with major chronic illnesses such as diabetes, asthma, and depression receive care from primary care clinicians. The Institute of Medicine states that primary care is the provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients and practicing within the context of family and community (4). If realized in practice, these defining features of primary carethat is, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination (5)match the care needs of chronically ill persons. The complexity of chronic illness and the frequent involvement of more than one caregiver and institution make coordination a cornerstone of high-quality medical care (3). However, primary care has fallen short in performance and in the eyes of consumers (6). Specialty care has expanded in number of physicians, length of interaction, and territory and often competes directly with primary care for patients. This and the backlash to managed care gatekeeping have fueled arguments about whether the care of patients with major chronic illnesses should be centered in primary care or in specialty practice. In the first part of this paper, we consider evidence that may shed light on this issue. The second part of this paper discusses the characteristics of practice systems associated with better chronic illness care and describes a conceptual model for improving such care. Why Primary Care? Efforts to improve the care of the chronically ill must begin with the fact that the large majority of such patients (for example, more than 90% of diabetic patients in the United States [7]) receive the bulk of their care in primary care practices and are likely to do so for the foreseeable future. Approximately 58% of all office visits in 1999 were to primary care clinicians (8). Coordination of care across clinicians and sites is a defining characteristic of primary care and is of critical importance for persons with chronic disease. Consumers place great value on having a clinician or a team of clinicians that is familiar with the whole patient and his or her family and is able to communicate and coordinate medical activities across settings and caregivers; in some settings, such a system is associated with better outcomes (9, 10). However, consumers report diminishing satisfaction over time with this integrative function of primary care (6). The clinical epidemiology of major chronic diseases also suggests a central role for primary care. First, diseases such as diabetes and arthritis have a broad spectrum of severity, with most patients at the less severe end. Second, for most patients with the most prevalent chronic illnesses, pharmacologic regimens involve a limited number of widely used and relatively nontoxic agents. Thus, primary care practitioners can readily meet the clinical needs of most patients with chronic illnesses. However, patients requiring more complex regimens may benefit from a transfer to specialist care. Third, most adults with major chronic diseases have more than one chronic condition. For example, more than half of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have concurrent hypertension and another one third or more have clinically apparent coronary artery disease. In addition to increased needs for care coordination, patients with more than one chronic condition may benefit from primary caregivers who have more general training and clinical experience. Fourth, expertise in behavioral change and self-management support is central to successful care. Primary care clinicians, especially more recent graduates, usually have more training in these areas than specialists. Arguments favor keeping primary care a principal focus for chronic disease management; however, current performance suggests otherwise. Although we know that a majority of Americans with major chronic illnesses are not receiving appropriate or effective management (2), most studies of the quality of chronic illness care have made no distinctions regarding sources of care or the specialty of the primary clinician. The few available comparative studies of primary and specialty care make it clear that the quality chasm pertains to both. Alternatives to Primary Care Specialty Care Many articles and editorials in the specialty literature advocate shifting the care of chronically ill persons from primary to specialty care. The empirical argument for such a shift can be found in the growing body of evidence demonstrating that specialists are more knowledgeable about the management of conditions associated with their specialty, more aware of guidelines delineating such management, and more likely to use tests and medications in accord with guidelines (11, 12). Evidence also suggests that specialists more quickly change practice to adjust to new developments. It has been more difficult for investigators to demonstrate differences in clinical and health status outcomes by specialty. In their review of the literature on specialty differences in care, Harrold and colleagues (11) found that specialist-treated patients had better outcomes than generalist-treated patients for myocardial infarction, stroke, and asthma but not for hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unstable angina, and low back pain. What might account for the variability in findings? The evidence regarding specialty differences in diabetes care may be instructive. Two large studies found minimal differences between specialists and generalists when both were practicing in typical practice settings, such as health maintenance organizations or private practice (13, 14). Conversely, endocrinologists practicing in specialized diabetes clinics with access to a full range of multidisciplinary resources provided substantially better care and achieved far better disease control than did generalists in the same geographic area (15, 16). These differences suggest the importance of the practice environment or system in determining the nature of care and its consequences. Arguments opposing the shift of chronic illness care from generalists to specialists include concerns about the receipt of preventive care, the care of comorbid conditions outside of the specialty focus, and cost. The evidence on specialty differences in preventive care is mixed. Some evidence suggests that specialists are less likely than generalists to provide general preventive services (17, 18). Conversely, several studies have found that specialists are more likely to perform preventive procedures related to their specialty; for example, obstetricians and gynecologists are more likely to provide clinical breast examinations, mammography, and Papanicolaou smears than generalists (19-21). Lafata and coworkers (18) found that diabetic patients cared for by an endocrinologist were more likely to receive diabetes-related preventive measures (for example, retinal examinations) than patients seeing only a generalist but were less likely to receive general preventive measures (for example, Papanicolaou smears). We were unable to identify any evidence comparing the performance of generalists and specialists in management of comorbid conditions outside the focus of the specialty group. A Canadian study found that patients with diabetes, emphysema, and severe mental disorders were less likely than patients without these conditions to receive estrogen replacement therapy, lipid-lowering medications, or treatment for arthritis (22). Although these data suggest that there may be deficiencies in the care of comorbid conditions, the study did not provide evidence about whether the specialty of the primary caregiver affected the results. Regarding costs, specialist care uses more resources and diagnostic tests and involves longer hospital stays than generalist care (11). Several commentators have suggested that shared care between primary care physicians and specialists may produce the best outcomes (23, 24). Katon and associates (25) tested a shared care model for the management of patients with major depression. Alternating care between psychiatry and primary care led to substantial increases in the proportion of patients receiving appropriate therapy and in the incidence of recovery from a major depressive episode. Lafata and coworkers (18) examined the care of diabetes in the Henry Ford Health System and found that diabetic patients who saw both a primary care clinician and an endocrinologist were more likely to receive appropriate diabetes-related preventive care and general preventive care services than those seeing either type of clinician alone. Willison and colleagues (26) found that patients in health maintenance organizations who had acute myocardial infarction and were cared for by generalists with cardiology consultation were more likely to receive guideline-directed care than patients treated by generalists alone. The efficient involvement of specialists on primary care teams may offer the optimal combination of knowledge and skills that chronically ill pe


Machine-learning-based test escape detection is gaining attention as a novel approach for detecting faulty large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs) that traditional methods fail to detect. In such scenarios, a model is developed by learning a significant amount of data from the LSI test results and used to test the manufactured LSIs. However, because manufactured LSIs are subject to lot management, the data used for learning are transmitted sequentially, necessitating restarting the learning process from the beginning at each manufacturing stage when new data arrive, leading to prolonged learning times. In this study, we propose a novel test escape detection method utilizing a transfer learning technique that reduces learning times while preserving test accuracy by learning the data of newly manufactured LSIs while maintaining the previously learned model. Evaluations utilizing the LSI production test data indicated that the proposed method can decrease the learning time by more than 40.40% without compromising the test accuracy.


1300 MWe pressurised water reactors (PWRs), like the 1400 MWe reactors, operate with microprocessor-based safety systems. This is particularly the case for the Digital Integrated Protection System (SPIN), which trips the reactor in an emergency and sets in action the safeguard functions. The softwares used in these systems must therefore be highly dependable in the execution of their functions. In the case of SPIN, three players are working at different levels to achieve this goal: the protection system manufacturer, Merlin Gerin; the designer of the nuclear steam supply system, Framatome; the operator of the nuclear power plants, Electricite de France (EDF), which is also responsible for the safety of its installations. Regulatory licenses are issued by the French safety authority, the Nuclear Installations Safety Directorate (French abbreviation DSIN), subsequent to a successful examination of the technical provisions adopted by the operator. This examination is carried out by the IPSN and the standing group on nuclear reactors. This communication sets out: the methods used by the manufacturer to develop SPIN software for the 1400 MWe PWRs (N4 series); the approach adopted by the IPSN to evaluate the safety software of the protection system for the N4 series of reactors.


This paper is an introduction to a grammatical formalism (Phase-based Minimalist Grammar, elaboration of Stabler's 1997 Minimalist Grammar) that includes a revised version of the standard minimalist structure building operations merge, move and the notion of derivation by phase (Chomsky 1999-2005). The main difference with respect to the standard theory is that these devices strictly operate TopDown and from Left-to-Right. In these pages I will argue that long distance dependencies, such as successive cyclic A'-movement, are better understood within this unconventional (at least within the Minimalist Program) phase-based directional perspective.


An interleaved single-stage AC-DC converter is presented to reduce line current harmonics, achieve power factor correction and eliminate reactive power. An integrated buck-zeta converter is adopted to reduce the voltage stress on medium DC bus. Thus power semiconductors with low voltage stress can be used in the converter. Since buck converter is operated in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), AC line current is automatically following the utility voltage and line current is a sinusoidal waveform and in phase with AC main voltage. The zeta converter is adopted to regulate the output voltage and achieve the transformer magnetic flux reset. Interleaved pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used to reduce the ripple currents at the input and output capacitors. The system analysis, operation principle and design consideration of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Experimental results, taken from a laboratory 320W prototype, are presented to demonstrate the converter performance. Based on the experimental results, the proposed converter reached a power factor of 0.98, a total harmonic distortion of 9% and an efficiency of 88%.


Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Well described risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) include immobility, trauma and genetic hypercoagulabilty states, still many cases have no known associated antecedent risks. Studies to potentially define the missing risk factors preferably identify all cases of VTE. Defining VTE in the electronic health record is more challenging due to the variable duration of VTE treatment, crossover of therapeutic modalities to other chronic diseases and prevention treatment related to hospitalizations. We designed a general purpose Natural Language (NLP) algorithm to capture acute and historical cases of thromboembolic disease retrospectively in a de-identified electronic health record. Applying the NLP algorithm to a separate evaluation set found a positive predictive value of 84.7% and sensitivity of 95.3% for an F-measure of 0.897, which was similar to the training set of 0.925. Use of the same algorithm on problem lists in patients without VTE ICD-9s resulted in a PPV of 83%. NLP of VTE ICD-9 positive cases and non-ICD-9 positive problem lists provides an effective means for capture of both acute and historical cases of venous thromboembolic disease.


Diastereoselective addition reaction of the enolate of α-alkoxyacetates to a chiral imine possessing (4S,5S)-4,5-dimethoxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane ring as a chiral auxiliary could be controlled by the enolate metals, the ester parts, and the alkoxy groups. Addition of the titanium enolate provided (3R,4S)-3-alkoxyazetidin-2-one exclusively, while the corresponding (3R,4R)-isomer was obtained predominantly by the condensation using the zinc enolate of t-butyl α-benzyloxy-, phenoxy-, or t-butoxyacetate with the chiral imine.


Background. Calculation of the effect compartment concentration (Ce) in non-steady-state conditions requires the equilibrium rate constant, keo. Most studies of propofol derive the keo using EEG measurements. This study investigated an alternative method. Starting from a predicted concentration±time pro®le, a keo value was included so that the predicted Ce at a speci®c pharmacodynamic end-point was the same when using three different methods of injection.


Decapitated Vs. Stomach buried – A study of decapitated people and stomach placed people in Iron Age in Sweden and Denmark. This essay is about decapitated persons in graves and those buried on the ...


The deployment of a more efficient and integrated transit network in the northeastern Illinois region is the goal behind the Regional Transportation Authority's (RTA) leading role in the development of regional Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) standards and specifications for transit. By taking the lead in this effort, the RTA aims to ensure that the region's ITS standards are consistent with national and local architectures and that ITS technologies deployed by the region's transit operators are coordinated with other transportation entities. This paper summarizes some of the ITS initiatives undertaken by the RTA for the six-county region of northeastern Illinois, which covers approximately 3,700 square miles, includes 260 municipalities and more than 7.3 million residents. The RTA took on these projects to provide fiscal planning and policy oversight for the region's public transit operators, the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), Metra Commuter Rail and Pace Suburban Bus.


Stammering occurs throughout the civilized world and there has been no lack of theories to account for it. Most theories, and they have been well reviewed by Hahn (1943) and Diehl (1958), assume that there is only one important causative factor whether it be organic or psychological. The organic theories implicate cerebral dominance (Travis, 1931; Orton, 1937) supported by electro-encephalogram findings (Jasper, 1937) and genetic studies (Jameson, 1955). Biochemical investigations including endocrine studies have been unproductive (Hill, 1944). Psychoanalysts (Coriat, 1943) have viewed stammering as a specific form of neurosis attributable to pre-genital libidinal fixation. Despert (1943) and West (1943) suggest that an abnormal maternal attitude is one of the most important causes. Johnson and his associates (1959) consider that physical and hereditary factors are of only minor aetiological significance ; they have produced a multi-dimensional theory in which stammering is seen as learned behaviour arising early in life when the neuromuscular speech patterns are developing. According to Johnson and others (1959), Despert (1943), and West (1943), certain parental characteristics are important in the aetiology of stammering in children. They found that the mothers of stammering children had higher and more strict standards of behaviour for their children and were more dissatisfied with their actual behaviour. The mothers seemed more discontented, more striving, more perfectionistic, and more concerned about what their neighbours thought of them than were the parents of control groups. They demanded higher standards of speech than did other parents. The striving for excellence and the associated feelings of dissatisfaction or failure were found to be more prominent in the mothers than in the fathers of stammering children, the fathers tending to adopt a more conciliatory role. If psychological factors are important in causing stammering, the prevalence might be expected to vary in different sub-cultures; moreover, any observed differences in prevalence might be related to social and psychological differences between tammerers and their families on the one hand, and non-stammerers and their families on the other. The purpose of the present study is to explore these possibilities. Previous clinical observations had been made by the authors on adults referred to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh for the treatment of stammering. The stammerers, who were mostly males, developed anxiety and stammered more in situations in which they felt their social status was challenged. They disclosed characteristic attitudes which apparently arose out of particular family relationships. Similar observations had been reported by West (1943), Despert (1943), and Johnson and others (1959). The mothers of the patients were often socially insecure with high social aspirations, over-perfectionistic, and anxious about discipline. These characteristics were clearly displayed in relationships with their children. The fathers generally assumed a more passive role and tended to avoid conflict by acquiescing in the demands of the mothers. We endeavoured to repeat these clinical observations in a whole population


With the formal abolition of the Tokugawa Shogunate on January 3, 1868, there was created in Japan a governmental void which was not filled finally and satisfactorily until 1889. The search of Japanese leaders for a satisfactory government structure for the new state was thus one of long duration. It did not begin seriously until the successful outcome of the military struggle with the Tokugawa forces in the early months of 1868 seemed assured.


Directional PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate) toughened by stretching process with excellent mechanical properties and high transmittance is widely used in aviation.Molecular chain arrangement of directional PMMA is ordered and oriented,so mechanical properties of directional PMMA are improved greatly compared with PMMA.And the improvement of mechanical properties is relative with percentage of stretch.The measurement for percentage of stretch of directional PMMA is difficult problem which hinders the study of mechanical properties for directional PMMA.Isodyne method is used to realize the measurement for percentage of stretch of different directions and layers for directional PMMA.Through analyzing the results of percentage of stretch for different directions,the conclusion is that the mechanical properties of the direction perpendicular to stretch plane are comparatively weak;and through analyzing the results of percentage of stretch for different layers,the conclusion is that the shear strength is decreased.


Abstract This paper focuses on two main issues regarding syntactic alternations and their development over time. On the one hand, it discusses the diachronic implications of alternations as involving multiple (rather than binary) choices. On the other hand, it shows that while studies are typically interested in the emergence of alternation relationships, there are also cases of diachronic loss of such. This is illustrated by zooming in on the history of a particular set of ditransitive verbs, viz. dispossession verbs such as steal or rob, and their connection to the well-known English dative alternation. Based on a quantitative analysis of different dispossession-constructions in corpora of Middle, Early Modern and Late Modern English, I demonstrate that the network of dispossession constructions has changed considerably over time — from a complex interaction between three overlapping patterns to a clear differentiation of two non-alternating constructions.


The recently released CDC National Immunization Survey (NIS)-Teen 2014 data reveals that despite a slight increase in coverage in 2014 compared with 2013, human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination rates remain low. Four out of 10 adolescent girls and 6 out of 10 adolescent boys haven't started the HPV vaccine series and therefore remain vulnerable to devastating cancers. While some state and local areas made significant increases in coverage, there was only a 3.3 percentage point overall increase nationally for first dose HPV vaccine coverage among adolescent girls. The adult immunization coverage rates for HPV vaccine don't look any better with only 36.9% of woman aged 19-26 in 2013 reporting receipt of > 1 dose of HPV vaccine. For males, the numbers were much lower. In addition, completion of the 3 dose series by patients is low (adolescent females: 39.7%, males: 21.6%). Improving HPV vaccination efforts focuses on 2 main strategies. The first is on improving the initiation of the 3-dose vaccination series in adolescent and adult patients. The second is to ensure that those who have received the first dose of HPV vaccine continue to complete the full series of vaccination. Numerous strategies to improve the initiation of HPV vaccinations and to enhance completion of the 3-dose series, have been tried, with some strategies such as reducing missed opportunities through the introduction of decision support systems and utilizing patient reminder-recall systems, having a positive impact. Additionally, some of other promising strategies include: 1. Establishing links between cancer organizations and immunization stakeholders; 2. Educating clinicians, including reminding them to take every opportunity to strongly recommend HPV vaccine, especially when they recommend meningococcal and Tdap vaccines; 3. Conducting public communication campaigns; and, 4. Instituting systems interventions, such as using registry or immunization information system (IIS)-based reminders for parents about upcoming shots. What has become evident with these multiple efforts is that all strategies to improve HPV vaccination rates require access to vaccination providers who can give clear, consistent, and confident recommendations for vaccination. Thus, collaborative efforts remain critical to promoting all recommended vaccinations for adolescent and adults, and in particular for improving HPV vaccination rates, as the completion of an HPV vaccination series requires more than just one visit to a provider. Indeed, opportunities exist for non-physician providers, like pharmacists, to play an important role in message delivery, education and administration of vaccine. In 2013, the President's Cancer Panel issued its annual report titled "Accelerating HPV Vaccine Uptake: Urgency for Action to Prevent Cancer." After documenting the case for HPV vaccination and the need for urgent action, the report's third section focused on accelerating HPV vaccine uptake in the United States. The President's Cancer Panel were unequivocal in their recommendations that improving HPV vaccination rates in the United States requires that the country maximizes access to HPV vaccination services, specifically mentioning the provision of the vaccine by providers, such as pharmacists, in coordination with the medical home. In particular, the report states that "Vaccines should be available where adolescents receive healthcare. It should be convenient to initiate and complete the HPV vaccine series, and cost should not be a barrier." In particular, there is one aspect that must be addressed in order to open access to HPV vaccinations to the population. In 2015, there are 49 states and territories that authorize pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine. However, 30 of those have limitations based on age or other requirements, creating a barrier to ease of access. According to a recent annual immunization survey conducted by the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), 34% of pharmacist respondents currently administer HPV vaccine, but of note, there is a strong desire among pharmacists to be engaged in HPV vaccination. There are more than 260,000 pharmacists in the US trained to administer immunizations across the lifespan and while not all are currently immunizing, they are well trained, available and ready to do their part in improving the public health of their communities. Thus it is important that the Panel's recommendation for states to enact laws and implement policies that allow pharmacists to administer vaccines to adolescents, including younger adolescents, be advanced.


Abstract Small quartzite xenoliths scattered throughout the granodiorite are mantled by broad mafic coronas, the inner part of which is composed largely of augite and the outer part mainly of hornblende. The formation of the coronas is examined and some general features of magmatic reaction with quartzite inclusions are discussed.


We look at binary online classification in the light of sudden concept drift (data exhibits non-stationarity). The accuracy of the classifier trained on a mixture of old and new data is compared to the accuracy of the classifier trained only on new data, assuming known point of concept drift. We employ a simplified model of concept drift and derive theoretical generalization error for the Euclidean linear classifier. Right after concept drift the retrained classifier is more accurate than the new classifier, especially in cases when the data is complex (high dimensionality, low separability). The new classifier should be preferred when the extent of drift is very large.


A study on the endangered subspecies of the Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne in south-eastern Australia has been under way since late in 1988. To understand the conservation needs of this cockatoo we aim to determine nest and food requirements, population size, movements and range. Early results indicate that this cockatoo usually lays during October and November in south-eastem Australia; most young fledge during February and March but a few fledge as late as April (Joseph et al. 1991). Before this study, the latest date that an active nest (either eggs or young present) had been recorded for this population was 24 April (Attiwill 1960). It does not appear that this population breeds successfully twice a year as does C. b, samueli in the wheatbelt of Western Australia (Saunders 1977). However, in this paper we report on the apparent renesting of several pairs of Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos in southeastern Australia during the 1992-93 nesting season.


Field theory is used to analyze a simple circuit and to deduce the conditions for nonradiative and quasistatic fields. From the condition for quasistatic fields, which is the more stringent of the two, Kirchhoff's voltage equation and its range of validity are deduced. These conditions for the validity of circuit theory are not treated appropriately in the undergraduate curricula. A simple numerical problem is given to illustrate these ideas.


Under the condition of normal steel production,using furnace temperature static and dynamic optimization can reduce the reheating energy consumption and improve the slab pyrogenation quality.The MATLAB simulation results show the effectiveness by the static optimizing performance function and dynamic optimization way.


Formation of reconfigurable singlemode channel waveguides using photovoltaic dark spatial solitons is demonstrated in a titanium-diffused slab LiNbO3 waveguide. The generated mode profile is shown to be influenced by the presence of titanium.


Objective: To elvaluate the changes of quality of life (QOL) and the affecting factors on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: 102 patients with COPD and 204 healthy subjects were evaluated by WHOQOL-Bref and COPD QOL Scale and SDS.Results: Compared with the controls, COPD patients' total scores of WHOQOL-BREF, PHYS scores, PSYCH scores, and SDS scores decreased significantly ( P 0.01).Conclusion:COPD patients' quality of life decrease obviously, compared with healthy controls.


Abstract : The 3rd Infantry Division, eventually reinforced by three Ranger battalions and two parachute battalions, was to conduct an amphibious assault of the beaches south of the town of Nettuno (Southeast of Anzio), drive quickly inland to cut the flow of supplies coming from Rome to the German's 10th Army; and to eventually trap the German force defending CASSINO to the south. All three regiments and the Ranger Group were to land simultaneously. While the landing was nearly unopposed, the division and its reinforcements was to face fierce combat in their drive to Cisterna. On 2 February, the division became locked in the bitter defense of the Anzio beachhead line until 22 May 1944. Unlike the landing at Sicily, which took months to plan, the SHINGLE landings took only three weeks. The significance of this operation lies in the well- planned execution of the amphibious assault phase contrasted to the misuse of Ranger forces and the intensity of defending the beachhead line.


OBJECTIVE To establish a quality standard for Tiaogu tablet.METHODS TLC was used to make a qualitative determination for 4 drugs in the formulary.The content of bomeol was determined by GC, the contents of strychnine and brucine were determined by TLC.RESULTS 4 drugs in the formulary were determined under stable condition with high sensitivity and precise results.CONCLUSION This study may be helpful to develop the quality standard for Tiaogu tablet.


This comment supplements and critiques the analytical framework put forth by Victor Fleischer in his recent work, Regulatory Arbitrage. It makes three main points. First, professional constraints on regulatory arbitrage are more valuable than has previously been acknowledged. Second, Fleischer correctly highlights how ongoing relationships allow parties to change the structures of their transactions to avoid regulations, yet still asserts that anti-avoidance legal rules are among the most effective tools to prevent regulatory arbitrage. Surprisingly, Fleischer understates this argument by failing to consider the extent to which such rules prevent family members, who are frequently joined by the tightest bonds of all, from engaging in regulatory arbitrage. Lastly, this comment takes issue with analogizing regulatory arbitrage to financial arbitrage, as well as the proposed categorization of various types of regulatory arbitrage. Each of these approaches diverts attention away from the underlying cause of regulatory arbitrage: legal rules that do not accurately track the economic substance of transactions.


Trends in the development of automated process control systems (APCS) for thermal power stations are analyzed. A brief description and the characteristics of the individual stages of their development are presented. Examples are given that describe the realization of APCS at thermal power stations with different thermal schemes.


Three dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) based on through-silicon-via (TSV) is gaining significant importance in semiconductor industry. During manufacturing process there may have some faulty TSVs. Recovery of these faulty TSVs is necessary for a reliable TSV based system. Use of redundant TSVs to recover faulty TSVs is an attractive solution for repairing faulty TSV. Proper grouping of functional and redundant TSVs and efficient techniques of signal shifting through redundant TSVs can improve the recovery rate of faulty TSVs. In this paper, we propose a methodology to make connection between functional TSVs and redundant TSVs for re-route the signal using multiplexers (MUXs) in such a way that required number of MUXs will be minimum and dependency will be maximum.


In the early conceptual design, individual designers often make extensive use of sketches to explore design problems. Moreover, within the collaborative design sessions, designers communicate and discuss with each other by sharing their temporary sketches. These private design artifacts are used to externalize ideas and share them with other designers in order to facilitate the performance of design sessions. During such social interaction performance, some abstraction behaviors behind social activities like collective creativity are synchronized. However, the existent tele-communication tools proposed for separated design groups, slightly hold back the activities of collective creativity. It makes designers dedicated just in the table discussion, and negatively infl uenced on collective creativity sharing. Thus, some private design artifacts became isolated in tele-communicative environments. In order to respect this, we propose an approach that uses the notion of Digital Backchannel to realize the sub-channel communications. In this paper, we also present the implementation of a working prototype of groupware application. Finally, we discussed some points from our studies.


Liquid crystal polymer fibers were parpared by single extruder at different drawn speeds. The internal orientation and mechanical properties of liquid crystal polymer fibers were analyzed by universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the internal orientation of fiber was gradually improved with the drawn velocity increasing, the internal composition of microfiber compacted tightly. And the elastic modulus of liquid crystal polymer fibers increased too. At the same time, when the drawn speed reached a certain value, the mechanical properties of liquid crystal polymer fibers did not increase for ultimate orientation. When LCP fibers were heat-treated at 150℃ after a certain period of time,their oritentation could be improved and their mechanical properties increased too.


The founding of the Association for Music Therapy, Singapore (AMTS) in September 2007 marked a new chapter in the formalization of the profession in Singapore. Although music therapy (MT) had been available locally since 1963, it took another forty-four years to gather eleven pioneering members together in order to establish a professional society. In the ensuing six years, AMTS' efforts to create awareness via annual MT Days and themed symposium workshops have increased visibility for the field of music therapy. The purpose of this paper, then, is to detail the historical background, current challenges and future directions of music therapy in Singapore.


When sharing the unlicensed band with Wi-Fi users in unlicensed LTE (U-LTE) systems, the most critical issue is how to guarantee the harmonious coexistence between the two systems. On the other hand, when sharing the licensed band with the micro base station (MBS) in the small cell base station (SBSs), the co-channel interference needs to be properly coordinated. To address these two issues, power control, licensed and unlicensed spectrum allocation are jointly considered at the SBS to maximize the spectrum efficiency while guaranteeing the QoS of small cell users (SUs) and at the same time providing fair resource sharing with Wi-Fi users. The convex optimization method is applied to design the optimal scheme. Then, numerical results are provided to verify the proposed scheme and demonstrate the tradeoff between the Wi-Fi performance and the achievable spectrum efficiency at the SBS.


Abstract The thin layer drying of olive pomace was experimentally studied in a laboratory convective dryer. Drying experiments were performed under five air temperatures of 60, 70, 80 and 90ºC, two air velocities of 1.0 and 1.8 m s-1 and three thickness of thin layer of 6, 9 and 12 mm. The results show that the drying time decreased with increased in drying temperature and air velocity but increased with the decreasing of thin layer thickness of olive pomace. Over the experimental range studied, the values of effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy ranged from 1.25 • 10-9 to 6.30 • 10-9 m2 s-1 and 26.30 to 37.63 kJ mol-1, respectively. The dependence of these parameters on thickness of thin layer, and temperature and velocity of drying air has been investigated.


THE stresses associated with surgery are extreme, ubiquitous, and persistent. Not surprising, therefore, is that approximately 5% of the worldwide surgical populationor 5 million patients annually-suffer some form of perioperative cardiac morbidity.'-3 Identification of this group remains challenging, and even confusing, given the broad spectrum of approaches across institutions. In this brief report, the background of this problem is outlined, and an integrated-albeit personalparadigm is suggested.


Group key agreement protocols for wired networks are not applicable in ad hoc networks because of the 1-hop assumption of these protocols and the dynamic, multi-hop attributes of ad hoc networks. An authenticated group key agreement for ad hoc networks is proposed which arranges the group members in a cluster-based hierarchical spanning tree structure. The scheme uses Intra-cluster group key agreement (IC-GKA) to get the cluster key and arbitrary topology generalization of Diffie-Hellman (AT-GDH) to compute the final group key. BLS short signature algorithm (reducing the message size) is adopted to authenticate the messages exchanged during the protocol execution. The protocol can handle the dynamic membership changes in ad hoc networks. By security analysis of AT-GDH for the first time, the paper proves the semantic security of our proposed protocol. Complexity analysis shows that our protocol is suitable for ad hoc networks with large size.


Abstract (E)-5-[1-(4-Phenyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-3-yl)ethylidene]-2-aminoimidazolin-4-one derivatives, as novel fungicidal agents, are designed and synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in four steps from (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)(phenyl)methanone and diketene as the starting materials. The products are characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS (ESI) analysis. An in vivo bioassay shows that some of the products exhibit good to excellent inhibition against P. cubensis and C. lagenarium, whilst up to 94.7% inhibition against P. capsici and up to 78.1% inhibition against B. cinerea is demonstrated in the in vitro bioassay. EC50 values of 3.40 and 5.86 μg/mL are demonstrated against P. capsici and B. cinerea.


Torque ripple is a major difficulty in direct torque control of induction motors. The reference value of the motor flux greatly influences the torque ripple. On the other hand, many motors work in an operating cycle, which includes load intervals of less than their nominal power. In these situations, it is not necessary to set their flux value as the nominal value. In this paper, the effect of the reference value of the motor flux on the motor torque ripple is investigated. The effect of the flux reference variation on the motor power factor as well as torque dynamics is also presented. Simulation results as well as experimental results justify the validity of the proposed method on the performance of induction motor.


In order to understand the current political situation in Chile and the need for constitutional change, some historical references are necessary. The Pinochet dictatorship integrally embraced the 1996 National Party Manifesto, seeking to establish that 'organic democracy' regime with military participation and a free market. Some of the elements characterizing the current Constitution are: its illegitimate origin; its anti-democratic nature; its nonrecognition of fundamental human rights; its establishment and consolidation of the free market economic system and consequent failure to recognize the role of the state in promoting economic and social development, limiting it to a subsidiary role; and its vocation for perpetuity. In view of the failures of nineteen years of unfinished transition, a Movement for a Constitutional Assembly has emerged, calling for a popular self-summoning to force a significant change. Keywords:Chile; eternal transition; Pinochet dictatorship


The isotherms for untreated and chemically modified wood specimens were analyzed using the Hailwood-Horrobin equation. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) changes during moisture adsorption were estimated. The ΔH, ΔS and ΔG values of untreated wood were compared with those found in literature as well as those of specimens treated with formaldehyde (formalization), acetic anhydride, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde and dimethylol dihydroxy ethyleneurea (DMDHEU). The ΔH of the untreated specimen was almost constant up to ca. 3% of moisture content differing from the results reported by others. However, the bonding energy of hydrated water molecules, which represented a large portion of the adsorbed water in the low moisture content range, should not depend on the moisture content, so that the result was undoubtedly reasonable. The decrease of the absolute ΔH for formalization and acetylation indicates the remarkable loss of the hydrated water as a result of those reactions. A peak of the absolute ΔS found at ca. 3% of moisture content except for acetylation may reflect the rearrangement of adsorption sites associated with taking up a little amount of water. In the acetylation, such rearrangement could not occur because of the introduction of bulky hydrophobic groups. Remarkable increases of both absolute ΔH and ΔS observed in glyoxal treated specimens will be due to the ester groups introduced. The ΔG values of all treated specimens became less negative than that of untreated. This indicates the formation of some bond which restricts the swelling of wood structure.


The integration of information systems, technology, business processes and users in public sector environment is involved in the Information System Architecture (ISA). It takes into account specific aspects of the public sector as well characteristics of cybernetic systems development and use in this sector found in the literature and in studies undertaken in cybernetic services of the Brazilian public enterprises. The model proposed was structured with five components: Government structure; Public services; Information systems; Information Technology and Users. Model was submitted to validation from the Computing Services of Brazilian public enterprises. Results point out the relevance of an integrated vision of their components and establish strategies for implantation of ISA model with due consideration of the specificity of the public sector


The recent growth experience in India highlights the role of skill-based service sector and productivity improvement rather than a significant rise in physical capital accumulation, which has only reached a new height very recently. In this context we study the possible impact of higher productivity of labor in the formal sector on the informal wage in an economy comprising of skilled and unskilled workers. More productive skilled workers depress informal wage in the short-run, but do not affect it in the long run, when capital is fully mobile across sectors. If the productivity of unskilled workers in the formal sector improves, it may have drastically different impact on the informal wage in the short and the long run. Secular labor productivity growth in the informal sector may lead to lower wage for informal workers if capital mobility is restricted between the formal and the informal. However, with full mobility of capital this will not be an equilibrium outcome.


Modeling at farm level is considered as relevant for agricultural sustainable development. However, farm scale raises several methodological issues relating to the superficial attention paid to management aspects or to the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge (animal and crop production...). A specific difficulty is raised by ex ante simulations, to ensure the consistency of the system simulated, particularly for those that do not exist in reality. Consequently, the modeling of whole farm, even for a very specific purpose, can be in itself a difficult challenge. Besides, resulting models may have poor genericity and evolving abilities. In the scope of the development of a model for dairy and pig farms, initially focusing on nutrient flows (Chardon et al., 2007), a generic framework for the modeling of livestock system has been developed upstream, by using a production system ontology (MartinClouaire and Rellier, 2009). The aim was to be able to generate models for contrasted production systems to study nutrient flows from existing knowledge, while leaving opportunities to further extend the model to new processes, decision rules, or criterions (economic, social...) and possibly to other animal species.


Gaussian process dynamical models (GPDMs) are used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction in time series by means of Gaussian process priors. An extension of GPDMs is proposed for visualizing the states of time series. The conventional GPDM approach associates a state with an observation value. Therefore, observations changing over time cannot be represented by a single state. Consequently, the resulting visualization of state transition is difficult to understand, as states change when the observation values change. To overcome this issue, autoregressive GPDMs, called ARGPDMs, are proposed. They associate a state with a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Therefore, observations changing over time can be represented by a single state. The resulting visualization is easier to understand, as states change only when the VAR model changes. We demonstrate experimentally that the ARGPDM approach provides better visualization compared with conventional GPDMs.