With steady traffic volume growth in the core networks, it is predicted that the future optical network communication will be constrained mainly by the power consumption. Hence, for future internet sustainability, it will be a mandate to ensure power-efficiency in the optical networks. Two paradigms known to support both, the traffic heterogeneity and high bandwidth requests are the: (i) next generation flexible (or elastic) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based networks which provide flexible bandwidth allocation per wavelength, and (ii) currently deployed mixed-line-rate (MLR) based networks which provision the co-existence of 10/40/100 Gbps on varied wavelengths within the same fiber. In this work, the power-efficiency of an OFDM, and a MLR based network has been compared for which, a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model has been formulated considering deterministic traffic between every network source-destination pair. The simulation results show that in regard to power-efficiency, the OFDM based network outperforms the MLR based network.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of mechanical low back pain on postural balance and fall risk. Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 20 mechanical low back pain (MLBP) subjects compared with 20 norms using the Biodex Balance System to evaluate balance as the dependent variable including postural stability, fall risk and limits of stability. Result: There were significantly differences between both groups in the postural stability test (p=0.0008), fall risk test (p=0.0093) and limits of stability test (p= 0.0001) revealing the increase in fall risk with MLBP. Conclusion: It could be concluded that balance exercises are essential and should be considered during rehabilitation of LBP patients.


Objective To investigate the clinic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients complicated with pulmonary embolism(PE)Method The clinical data of 42 COPD patients complicated with PE were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the data of 42 COPD patients.Results In the COPD with PE group,the incidence of chest pain,hemoptysis,fever,pleural effusion and asymmetric leg edema were obviously higher than that of only COPD group,and pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher in the COPD with PE group(P0.05).Conclusions The clinical presentation of PE is often atypical in COPD patients.The patients with COPD should be given attention with pulmonary embolism especially when they have symptoms of chest pain,hemoptysis,fever,pleural effusion and asymmetric leg edema.At this time,the computer tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA)or MRI pulmonary angiography must be examined as soon as possible.


The rate of tritium uptake by mesitylene from aqueous hydrochloric acid has been studied under homogeneous conditions at 25° over the acid concentration range 0·1–9·16M, which corresponds to a nearly million-fold variation in exchange velocity. The salting-out of mesitylene by hydrochloric acid has been measured up to 4·6M-acid. The correlation between exchange velocity constant (λ) and Hammett's acidity function H0 is considered in relation to known information about the mechanism of aromatic exchange. The function (log λ+H0+ logfB/fMesitylene) is found to be more nearly independent of acid concentration (up to 2M) than the function (log λ+H0).This may mean that the failure of the simpler equation is for the most part due to effects in the activity coefficients of mesitylene and of the indicator base used to establish the acidity function over this concentration range.


(77). The assumed irrelevance of issues and personalities offers an insight into why the win/share model cannot predict when or why delegates shift their support among candidates from one ballot to the next. Bram attributes these shifts to the unique characteristics of each convention (63), but since they occur at every convention in which there is no first-ballot winner, they should be amenable to theoretic analysis. One explanation might be that winning the nomination and sharing the spoils are not inclusive of all the delegates' goals. In addition to winning and sharing, delegates also try to build coalitions around preferred candidates who share their issue preferences or possess other attractive qualities. The most interesting, and controversial section of the book (see APSR, March 1975,141-61) covers the general election. Brams demonstrates the subtle and perverse effects of the electoral college on the one-man one-vote principle. As measured by resource allocation data, Brams argues that candidates proportion their resources to the 3/2 power of a state's electoral votes. On a per capita basis all voters in large states are favoured, but the most powerful of these are the uncommitted switchers. They have a much greater potential to determine a winner because of the large number of electoral votes they influence. For example, Brams concludes that the potential power of an uncommitted Californian's franchise is 8.13 times that of asimilar resident of Washington, DC. The undemocratic bias of the present system could be overcome by adopting a system of approval voting where a voter is permitted to cast his ballot for all candidates whose victory he could support. Brams demonstrates that if there is a Condorcet winner (one who could defeat all rivals in a pairwise contest) approval voting in plurality contests would produce him or her. The book demonstrates some interesting heuristic insights game theory can bring to the maze of presidential politics. But these are achieved at the cost of extreme reification based upon dubious assumptions. The author's models are implicitly conservative; elections are entered only to win and political moderation is usually the most effective strategy (21,28,221). Inevitably, game theorists will find Brams's work an impressive application of the arcane to the prosaic, while traditional students, and activists, will probably conclude the reverse.


Working conditions of drivers of technological transport on the example of the depot of Alrosа AK were assessed, effective management solutions aimed to reduce their professional risks based on improving the labor protection system of transport enterprises of mining complexes were developed. The mining transport system of the Udachninsky MPP of Alrosa was characterized, the units of technological transport of the carpool were described; the structure of management of the carpool of technological transport was analyzed. The working conditions of drivers of the mining and transport system were studied based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions for 2021. The harmful production factors and the reasons for reducing their exposure levels were evaluated. Measures that allow the company to maintain acceptable working conditions for workplaces with the presence of harmful production factors were developed. The management decisions of Alrosa ensuring safe working conditions for drivers were presented. They can be implemented through large annual financial investments in personal protective equipment, periodic audits in the occupational health and industrial safety system and three-level control, and innovative technologies. The advanced methods of creating normative working conditions with minimal health risks were studied. The strategic management decisions that improve the industrial safety and labor protection in all divisions of this enterprise were described.


Academic research shows increase reliance of online users on social media as a main source of news and information. Researchers found that young users are particularly inclined to believe what they read on social media without adequate verification of the information. There has been some research to study the spread of misinformation and identification of key variables in developing simulations of the process. Current literature on combating misinformation focuses on individuals and neglects social newsgroups-key players in the dissemination of information online. Using benchmark variables and values from the literature, the authors simulated the process using Biolayout; a big data-modeling tool. The results show social newsgroups have significant impact in the explosion of misinformation as well as combating misinformation. The outcome has helped better understand and visualize how misinformation travels in the spatial space of social media.


Substituted 5-hexen-1-yllithiums, which were prepared in solutions of n-C 5 H 12 -Et 2 O (3:2 by vol) by low-temperature lithium-iodine exchange between t-BuLi and the appropriate iodide, undergo clean, 5-exo-trig cyclization upon warming to give substituted (cyclopentyl)methyllithiums, in good yield and with a high degree of stereocontrol. In each case, the major product is the same isomer as that observed in studies of the isomerization of analogously substituted 5-hexen-1-yl radicals, but the organolithium cyclizations are invariably much more stereoselective than radical-mediated processes. Lewis base additives such as THF, TMEDA, and PMDTA serve to increase the rate of cyclization of the substituted 5-hexen-1-yllithiums, but such additives do not reduce the high stereoselectivity of the process. The observed regioselectivities and stereoselectivities of the intramolecular addition of a C-Li bond to an unactivated alkene suggest that the closure of the anion proceeds via a transition state that resembles a chair cyclohexane in which substituents preferentially occupy pseudoequatorial positions


The experiment was conducted in the lath house belonging to the Technical Institute / Musaib during the growth season 2017 on the fig seedlings (Wazeri cultivar), which was one year age and included two factors: The first factor: The effect of the foliar spraying with amino acid solution (Terra-Sorb) at levels of (0, 4, 8 mg.L), the second factor is spraying with organic fertilizer (Manish Al-Zuhoor) at levels of (0, 6, 12, 18 mg.L), with 4 batches every 20 days starting from April, it were conducted as a factorial experiment according to the Completely randomized design (CRD), with three replicates and five seedlings for the experimental unit. The averages were compared according to the test of the least significant difference below the probability level of 0.05. The most important results indicated the following: 1. Spraying with amino acid solution (Terra-Sorb) at concentration of (8 mg.L) was significantly excelled in vegetative and root growth and the leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fig seedlings. 2. Spraying with organic fertilizer (Manish AlZuhoor) at a concentration of (18 mg.L) was significantly excelled in all growth Indicators. 3. As for the interaction between both experiment factors, The interaction treatment between spraying with amino acid solution (Terra-Sorb) at concentration of (8 mg.L) and spraying with organic fertilizer (Manish Al-Zuhoor) at a concentration of (18 mg.L) was excelled by giving it the highest results to the


c V̂ _>OMMENTATORS ON R. K . N a r a y a n g e n e r a l l y see i n his w o r k an a f f i r m a t i o n o f H i n d u i s m . E d w i n G e r o w , for ins tance , argues that N a r a y a n has a n " u n f l i n c h i n g l y t r a d i t i o n a l o u t l o o k , " a n d that he c a n o n l y be u n d e r s t o o d i n r e l a t i o n to a " t r a d i t i o n a l p h i l o s o p h i ca l a n d m e t a p h y s i c a l un iver se o f d i s c o u r s e " ( 17) . Syd C . H a r r e x suggests that b o t h N a r a y a n a n d his c o n t e m p o r a r y Raja R a o have a " p r o f o u n d a n d d i s c r i m i n a t i n g r e v e r e n c e for those a n c i e n t t r a d i t i o n s w h i c h they find to be st i l l c u l t u r a l l y a n d m o r a l l y v i t a l " ( 13). F o r V . S. N a i p a u l , N a r a y a n ' s nove ls are " r e l i g i o u s b o o k s , at t imes r e l i g i o u s fables, a n d intense ly H i n d u " ( 2 2 ) . B u t N a i p a u l sees N a r a y a n ' s H i n d u i s m as o f ten b e i n g o n the defensive . T h i s v iew is a p p a r e n t i n h i s analysis o f The Vendor of Sweets, whose p r o t a g o n i s t , J a g a n , r e n o u n c e s the w o r l d i n the t i m e h o n o u r e d H i n d u f a s h i o n . N a i p a u l i n t e r p r e t s this a c t i o n as a desperate a t t e m p t to c o u n t e r the threat to H i n d u c u l t u r e p o s e d b y j a g a n ' s s o n M a l i , w h o has r e t u r n e d f r o m A m e r i c a w i t h a g i r l f r i e n d a n d a b i z a r r e p l a n to m a n u f a c t u r e a n o v e l w r i t i n g m a c h i n e : Jagan's is the ultimate H i n d u retreat, because it is a retreat from a world that is known to have broken down at last. It is . . . not a return to a purer Aryan past, as Jagan might imagine, but a retreat from civil ization and creativity, from rebirth and growth, to magic and incantation. (43)


This paper proposes a new curve smoothing method invariant to affine transformation. Curve smoothing is one of the important challenges in computer vision as a procedure for noise suppression in shape analysis such as Curvature Scale Space (CSS). Currently, Gaussian filtering is widely used among a lot of smoothing methods. However Gaussian filtering is not affine invariant. This paper proposes a new method for curve smoothing that is invariant under affine transformation such that area of any region in the image does not change. Specifically, we introduce an affine invariant evaluate function with a metric tensor. The original curve is smoothed by minimizing the evaluation function. We mathematically prove that this method is affine invariant. Further, experimental results show that the proposed method is almost never affected by affine transformation different from usual Gaussian filtering. In the proposed method, processing results are expected to be not affected much by variation of the viewpoint.


MapReduce is a famous parallel programming system that facilitates the computation needed for complex big data applications. However, the data skew and load balancing problems limit its performance, especially, during a reduce phase. In this phase, the partitioning function assigns the keys to reducers based on a hash function that usually generates skewed partitions. This is the main cause of the unbalance workload across reducers. This article addresses the data skew and load balancing problems in MapReduce in the context of entity matching. The authors propose in this paper a new approach, LoEM, to assign the keys based on the reducers' processing capability. The experimental results demonstrate that LoEM improves the load balancing of Hadoop up to 20% and 82% in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively, and 8% and 76% compared to BlockSplit approach in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily associated with respiratory system involvement and cardiovascular involvement comes to the fore due to its effect on mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular involvement can manifest as myocardial injury, acute myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, heart failure, venous thromboembolism. It is important to detect cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 cases, since the course of these cases is worse than other cases without cardiac involvement. The purpose of this review is to summarize COVID-19 and its cardiovascular effects.


Perumpung (Eulalia japonica) is a wild plant that usually grows on the banks of river. The locals consider this plant as a waste/pest, but the authors are interested in researching perumpung because they are similar to bamboo, sugarcane and other fibrous plants. In this study, the authors aims to compare the compressive strength of normal concrete with the compressive strength of concrete added with Perumpung ash at 28-days-old K-300. The study used a cube-shaped test object (15 x 15 x 15 cm) with 6 samples for each condition. The total number of test objects is 48, which consists of 8 conditions, namely normal conditions and 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% addition of perumpung ash by cement weight. The results obtained that the compressive strength of 28-days-old concrete under normal conditions was 316,060 kg/cm2 and the addition of 5% ash was 331.583 kg/cm2, 7.5% was 337.181 kg/cm2, 10% was 341.813 kg/cm2, 12 ,5% is 347,045 kg/cm2, 15% is 353,889 kg/cm2, 17.5% is 311,160 kg/cm2 and 20% is 298.44 kg/cm2. From the results above it can be concluded that the addition of 15% Perumpung Ash to the concrete mixture increases the maximum characteristic concrete compressive strength by 353.889 kg/cm2.


Making efficient use of video information requires the development of a video signature and a similarity measure to rapidly identify similar videos in a huge database. Most of existing techniques to address this problem have focused on the uncompressed domain. However, decoding and analyzing of a video sequence are extremely time-consuming tasks. Since video data are usually available in compressed form, it is desirable to directly process video material without decoding. In this paper, we present a novel approach for comparing video sequences that works in the compressed domain. The proposed method is based on recognizing motion patterns extracted from the video stream and their occurrence histogram is proven to be a powerful feature for describing the video content. Experiments on a TRECVID 2010 dataset show that our approach presents high accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art solutions and in a computational time that makes it suitable for large collections.


Chinese management has been one of the focuses of the management studies in recent years in China.The paper summarized the art of Chinese management strategy are "youdao","wuwei","renben","he—-he","bianyi","zhongyong","renwen" and operation eight aspects,and took the "youdao" as the guiding principles of the Chinese traditional managememt art,and the real idea of "wuwei"(no action) is the source of the Chinese management.


Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects; however, the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. Recently, heritable genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been implicated in its etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of a SNP array for the prenatal diagnosis of CHD and the improvement of prenatal genetic counseling and to compare this approach to traditional chromosome analysis. Methods: One hundred and fortysix cases of CHD detected by prenatal echocardiography were analyzed. Of these, 110 were isolated CHD and 36 were of CHD with extracardiac defects. SNP analysis was performed using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform, which was followed by karyotype analysis. All annotated CNVs were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Karyotype analysis identified chromosomal abnormalities in 19 of 146 cases. In addition to the 15 chromosomal abnormalities that were consistent with the results of karyotype analysis, the SNP array identified abnormal CNVs in an additional 15.2% (22/145) cases; of these, 15 were pathogenic CNVs, three were variations of uncertain clinical significance, and four were benign CNVs. The rates at which the SNP array detected pathogenic CNVs differed significantly between cases of isolated CHD and CHD with extracardiac defects (13.6% vs. 72.2%, P = .001). The results of the SNP array also affected the rate of pregnancy termination. Conclusion: Combining SNP array with cytogenetic analyses is particularly effective for identifying chromosomal abnormalities in CNVs in fetuses with CHD, which also affects obstetrical outcomes.


This article examines the hard life and unique work of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur on the basis of the prominent writer Stephen Meredith and his outstanding work, "Babur: the Diarist and the Despot". The interpretation of Babur as a great king and commander, an unparalleled writer and poet, a true expert in the fields of art, gardening and construction has been analyzed with various life examples.


Errors of high-precision strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) resulted by gravity disturbance vector cannot be neglected. After analyzed principal of how gravity disturbance affects precision of SINS, the errors induced by gravity disturbance were compensated using B-spline least-square method. Simulation results show that the compensation of B-spline gravity disturbance model can reduce the SINS errors effectively and improve the navigation accuracy clearly.


Using a sensitive inductance technique, first.and second-order phase transitions in tin (type I) whiskers have been observed in both parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields. For T much less than Tc the samples exhibit considerable superheating and supercooling from which vahtes of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter K are calculated. However, these values are not as low as those obtained for single spheres (diameters 10-30 p), probably due to mean free path and size effects. Close to the transitiot~ temperature it is observed that the hysteresis vanishes indicating the onset of a secoi~d-ord6r phase trhnsition. " Good qualitative agreement between these results and theoretical predictions based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory are obtained. Size effects on the ratio Hc3/Hc2 -= Hsc/Hc2 are clearly illustrated.


A novel technique using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for optimizing PI parameters controllers of a wind turbine (WT) based on direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (DDPMSG). The PSO algorithm is used to search for the optimal combination of PI controllers parameters. A small signal stability (SSS) mode of the WT system is derived to implement PSO algorithm based on eigenvalues analysis as objective function. Simulations are performed to illustrate this control method validity.


Purpose: This review aimed to determine the tasks performed by orthoptists, the types of patients they manage, their work settings, the professionals they work with, and the professionals they receive referrals from and refer to. Methods: A systematic search of seven databases was conducted to identify all studies regarding the role of orthoptists that were published in English in peer-reviewed journals from January 2003 to January 2013. Reference lists of all included studies, as well as studies regarding ocular conditions which were excluded as they did not specifically report the role of orthoptists, were screened manually to identify additional relevant studies. Key orthoptic organisations (International Orthoptic Association, British & Irish Orthoptic Society, Orthoptics Australia, the Canadian Orthoptic Society, and the American Association of Certified Orthoptists) were asked to provide any literature relevant to this review. Studies were allocated to the National Health and Medical Research Council hierarchy of evidence. Systematic reviews were appraised using the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Systematic Review Critical Appraisal Sheet, and level II or III_1 studies appraised with the PEDro scale. Data pertaining to the patient's ocular conditions and co-morbidities, tasks performed, work settings, colleagues/ teams, and referrals were extracted and reported descriptively. Results: No relevant studies were identified; hence this is an empty review. Conclusion: No studies have been published (January 2003-January 2013) investigating the role of orthoptists. There is, therefore, an urgent need for research into this area to ensure that policy-makers can best utilise orthoptists within their health services and to ensure that the training of orthoptists matches the professional roles in which they are likely to undertake.


The Presse Medicale for February 17th contains a report of a recent meeting of the Academic de Medicine at which M. Reclus presented the following results obtained from experiments which had been undertaken for the purpose of studying the action of eucaine and cocaine: 1. The injection of cocaine is not at all painful, while that of eucaine causes a certain smarting sensation. 2. Eucaine is a vaso dilator, whilecocaine is a vaso-constrictor; with the former the field of operation is clouded by the blood. 3. Eucaine is certainly an excellent an algetic, although in deep operations the perception of pain seems to be somewhat more distinct than with cocaine. 4. In an operation with cocaine, anesthesia is still complete an hour and ten minutes after the operation, while with eucaine it dis appears after forty-five minutes. If, said M. Reclus, eucaine was less toxic than cocaine, it was still to be preferred in spite of these slight inconveniences. M. Pouchet, he said, had made sixty experiments on different an imals:. He had recognized that the toxicity of eucaine was nearly as great as that of cocaine. He preferred the latter, which presented warning symptoms of intoxication, to eucaine, which suddenly overcame the patient without any premonitory symptoms —New York Medical Journal.


Avulsion is a condition of tooth displacement outside the socket due to the trauma. In a case of tooth avulsion case of per-manent teeth, the treatment of choice is replanting the tooth back to the socket. The main concern prior to tooth replanta-tion is to maintain the vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The vitality of PDL cells is crucial to form new perio-dontal ligament tissue to support the teeth in order to achieve the success of replantation treatment. Therefore the tooth storage media is needed to maintain the vitality of PDL cells. The aim of the present literature review was to discuss the use of coconut water as an alternative storage medium of the avulsed teeth. Coconut water is biologically pure and steril, rich in amino acid, proteins, vitamins and minerals. The electronic composition of coconut water resembles the intracellu-lar fluid. The ability of coconut water to maintain the vitality of PDL cells is due its nutrient component such as protein, amino acid, vitamin and minerals. Previous study showed the ability of coconut water to maintain the viability of PDL cells was comparable to Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), storage media that is recommended by the American As-sociation of Endodontics. In conclusion, coconut water is an effective storage medium for avulsed teeth to maintain the vitality of PDL cells. The advantages of the use of coconut water are economical and easily obtained, and therefore ideal to be recommended as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v17i3.39


The sentiment of news predicts the short-term stock market performance of individual companies. We find that this association is solely due to the idiosyncratic informational content of an article. We transparently quantify the association between news sentiment and stock market performance of S&P 500 companies, using articles written by Reuters between 2000 and 2018. First, we isolate the effect of sentiment independently of idiosyncratic informational content by exploiting a topicbased shift-share instrument. Second, we show that exogenous variation in article sentiment isolated through our topic-based shiftshare instrument, while strongly related to article sentiment, is unrelated to abnormal returns in the stock market. Resume Nyheders sentiment forudsiger aktiemarkedet på kort sigt for individuelle virksomheder. Vi viser, at denne sammenhæng udelukkende skyldes en artikels idiosynkratiske information. Vi undersøger sammenhængen mellem nyhedssentiment og aktiemarked for S&P 500 virksomheder ved brug af Reuters nyhedsartikler i perioden 2000 til 2018. Først isolerer vi effekten af sentiment uafhængig af idiosynkrratisk information ved brug af et emne-baseret shift-share instrument. Dernæst viser vi ved brug af dette shift-share instrument, at den eksogene variation i artikel-sentiment ikke er relateret til anormale afkast, på trods af at det er kraftigt relateret til artikel-sentimentet. Seeing Through the Spin: The Effect of News Sentiment on Firms' Stock Market Performance Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to seminar participants at Danmarks Nationalbank for helpful comments. The authors alone are responsible for any remaining errors.


1.The mode of the chromosomal arrangement in interphase nuclei was investigated in the root tips of three liliaceous plants; Polygonatum lasianthum with large-, or medium-sized chromosomes (2n=20), Dianella ensifolia with relatively small-sized chromosomes (2n=32), and Tofieldia coccinea var. kondoi with smallsized chromosomes (2n=30). Both the C-banded and the unpressed preparations stained with aceto-orcein were used for this study.2. After C-banding treatment, the centromeric regions of all the mitotic chromosomes and the regions of the secondary constriction were deeply stained. Most of these C-banded segments also appeared in interphase nuclei.3. The centromeric regions tended to be located close to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope during the period from telophase to prophase.4. The relative extent of the distributional range of the centromeric regions in the nucleus, which was considered to extend from the center of the polar region of the nucleus, was found to be nearly constant for each species but different distinctly among the three species examined: That is, the relative extent of the distributional range was the smallest in P. lasianthum, and the largest in T coccinea var. kondoi.5. The mode of the chromosomal arrangement at telophase tended to be maintained during interphase and prophase.6. The relationship between the relative extent of the distributional range of the centromeric regions in the nucleus and the variability of the relative positions of chromosomes during the mitotic cycle was discussed.


At a time when most people are looking for ways to tighten their purse strings, we go back to basics on understanding pay packet deductions. A useful skill for all employees, we explore the process as covered in Principles of Tax.


There are a few places, however, which suggest his occasional unfamiliarity with European texts. In his discussion of Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler, for instance, he wrote that 'Indicatively, we can point out (since it has already been presented analytically in the previous section) that the revolver that Hedda gives to her husband to commit suicide is found in D. Tangopoulos's The Black. Hand I Mavpo %ipi" (11:297-298). Those who are familiar with Ibsen's play know that Hedda Gabler did not hand a revolver to George Tesman, her husband, but she handed a pistol to Eilert Lovborg at the end of the third act. For the sake of fairness, however, it should be noted that both volumes are virtually free from typographical and other errors (such as the one described above), and they provide a valuable introduction to the history of Greek drama and theatre in the twentieth century. If the book as a whole has any shortcomings at all, it is that, in opening up the survey to a full-scale account of every aspect of Greek theatre for ten decades, Grammatas can only point to issues which beg to be addressed at greater length — as he himself acknowledges on more than one occasion. Greek Theatre in the 20th Century is a significant contribution to the study of Modern Greek drama and European cultural studies. Not only does it signal an important shift among Greek historians toward a new historicist understanding of Greek drama and theatre, but it also offers an evaluation of the available studies. His account does not diminish the importance of Greek drama and theatre within the European cultural history, but rather seeks to assert its cultural prominence by researching the contexts of its production, consumption, and status.


– In this paper, the proposed model is described to demonstrate how to mix students in a heterogonous way and equally balance groups in terms of the educational background and assessment of students. A cyclic genetic algorithm (CGA) is employed in the model to mimic the natural process of evolution to achieve the optimized solution. In order to keep population diversity in the CGA, a particular cycle shift operator and self-crossover operator are presented. The model can be used as a starting point for considering both educational background and peer assessments in the formation of heterogeneous groups of students.


The majority of com m only used manipulative techniques in computer-assisted cartography continue to require that the data be in vector format. This situation has recently precipitated the requirement for fast techniques for converting digital cartographic data from raster to vector form at for processing. This article concerns with examining the states in theses conversion techniques. In part one, algorithms to perform all phases o f the raster-to-vector process are systematically outlined, and then com pared in the general term. Part two will describe the package for automatic m ap data entry MapScan, the algorithms implemented in which are based on the fast techniques for converting map raster data to vector format. W ith MapScan users are able to move printed maps or drawing into a mapping system much more quickly and easily compared to using traditional digitizer techniques.


Laparoscopic pacreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) LPD is a feasible and risky operation.It's necessary for LPD that they must be experienced open surgeon meanwhile skilled laparoscopic surgeon.Early,suitable location,smaller tumor and the thin cases are the ided conditions of early surgery It's dangerous being popularize in noncodition hospital.


dures for acute rejection episodes and coronary angiography or intravascular ultrasound for graft vasculopathy are used to assess the status of the allograft. Molecular and genetic markers may represent new ways to monitor the graft, which could minimize the potential complications of such invasive techniques. Our findings illustrate that sHLA-G expression seems protective against clinically significant acute cellular rejection. For the first time, we also show a negative association between sHLA-G levels and C4d staining, suggesting inhibition of the humoral response. Evidence indicates that myocardial HLA-G expression postheart transplant protects against coronary artery disease (2). We have also previously demonstrated that myocardial HLA-G expression reliably indicates a low risk of acute cellular rejection in patients from our center (3). This study suggests that sHLA-G expression is negatively linked to C4d staining in addition to acute cellular rejection. Because both forms of rejection contribute to graft vascular disease, sHLA-G expression could aid in identifying the immunologic risk of heart transplant recipients. Hence, further investigation between HLA-G expression and humoral rejection may be warranted through larger studies.


One of the major problems in acoustic modeling for a low-resource language is data sparsity. In recent years, cross-lingual acoustic modeling techniques have been employed to overcome this problem. In this paper we propose multiple cross-lingual techniques to address the problem of data insufficiency. The first method, which we call as the cross-lingual phone-CAT, uses the principles of phone-cluster adaptive training (phone-CAT), where the parameters of context-dependent states are obtained by linear interpolation of monophone cluster models. The second method uses the interpolation vectors of phone-CAT, which is known to capture the phonetic context information, to map phonemes between two languages. Finally, the data-driven phoneme-mapping technique is incorporated into the cross-lingual phone-CAT, to obtain what we call as the phoneme-mapped cross-lingual phone-CAT. The proposed techniques are employed in acoustic modeling of three Indian languages namely Bengali, Hindi and Tamil. The phoneme-mapped cross-lingual phone-CAT gave relative improvements of 15.14% for Bengali, 16.4% for Hindi and 11.3% for Tamil over the conventional cross-lingual subspace Gaussian mixture model (SGMM) in low-resource scenario.


To crystallize amorphous silicon (a-Si) films at temperatures less than 600 °C, we propose an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment method using a H2/He or H2/Ar mixture. An atmospheric-pressure stable-glow plasma was generated using a 150 MHz very high frequency power supply. After APP treatment, the Si films were characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was employed to study the plasma. In the case of treatment with the H2/He plasma, the crystallization of the a-Si films started with in negligible incubation time at a substrate temperature as low as 200 °C, and the resulting Si crystallites showed anisotropic morphology. It was found that a-Si layers still existed under the crystallized layers. This result suggests that crystallization of a-Si by APP was predominated by chemical interactions between atomic hydrogen in the plasma and the treated surface. However, in the case of treatment with the H2/Ar plasma, Si crystallites of the treated film did not show anisotropic morphology, and film peeling was partly observed in the treated area. Additionally, from the OES, emission lines from atomic hydrogen were hardly observed in the H2/Ar plasma. This implies that physical interactions between Ar atoms and the film surface play a significant role in the crystallization of a-Si.


In this chapter, after a review of textile structures for composites, the role of fiber architecture in the manufacturing of automotive composites components is discussed. The various textile preforms are classified according to fiber architecture and manufacturing technology. The Sunrise™ electric vehicle program is used as an example to illustrate the design procedure and the feasibility for large-scale manufacturing of automotive structural composite components at targeted weight and affordable cost. Specifically composite pillars and wheel wells are used as examples to demonstrate the procedure in the integrated design for manufacturing (IDM) of automotive structural composites based on the Fabric Geometry Model (FGM). The chapter concludes with a summary and discussion of future trends in the use of textile composites for automotive structural components


Parallel computing has promised to deliver faster computing for everyone using off-the-shelf multicore computers. Despite proprietary implementation of new routines in Stata/MP, the time required to conduct computationally intensive tasks such as bootstrapping, simulation, and multiple imputation hasn't dramatically improved. One strategy to speed up computationally intensive tasks is to use distributed high performance computer clusters (HPC). Using HPCs to speed up computationally intensive tasks typically involves a divide and conquer approach. This simply divides repetitive tasks and distributes them across multiple processors and combines the results independently at the end of the process. The ability to access such clusters is limited; however, a similar system can be implemented on your desktop PC using the user-written command qsub. qsub provides a wrapper that writes, submits, and monitors jobs submitted to your desktop PC and that may dramatically improve the speed in which frequent computationally intensive tasks are achieved.


The problem of designing revenue-optimal mechanisms for allocating multiple units of a good to consumers over $T$ time steps is considered. Each consumer wants to receive $E$ units of the good and has a delivery rate constraint that limits the number of units it can receive within one time step. Each consumer's rate constraint and valuation for the goods are its private information. Resource allocation problems of this type arise in the context of energy services where consumers have a tolerable rate of energy delivery that cannot be exceeded when they receive their demanded energy. We characterize the allocation rule for a Bayesian incentive compatible, individually rational and revenue maximizing mechanism in terms of solutions to integer programs. The corresponding payment rule is also pinned down by the allocation rule in the form of an integral equation. We then reformulate the problem of finding optimal allocations as a network flow optimization problem. A complete characterization of the optimal allocations and payments is then provided in terms of the solution to the corresponding network flow optimization problem which can be obtained efficiently using the methods developed in the context of discrete optimization [1], [2]. A numerical example is provided to verify our results.


The isolated osteoblast-like cells from embryonic chicken frontal bone werecultured in vitro and histochemical methods adopted to observe the effect of RadixSalviac Miltiorrhizae (RSM) on proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic capacity ofthese cells. It was found that: 1. The mitosis and proliferation of the osteoblast-like cellscould be accelerated by RSM, resulting in increased density of the cells in RSM groupas compared with the control. 2. After 48 h, the pseudopodia stretched out and drew backactively in osteoblast-like cells in RSM group. Small particles produced in the cells weresecreted through exocytosis to the extracellular medium. However, in the control group,the capacity to form and secrete these particles was limited. These particles showed posi-tive Alcian blue staining in Alcian blue-Sirius red reaction, so they were acidmucopolysaccharide particles. 3. The osteoblast-like cells could secrete vesicular particles 3micra in diameter. These vesicular particles could be stained with Alcian blue in earlystage, then they could be stained with Sirius red, and finally by Alizarin red S. Thesevesicular particles could aggregate and fuse around the cell colonies, forming bonenodules and bone flakes. The quantity and volume of the bone nodules and flakes inRSM group were larger than in the control group. 4. The bone nodules and flakes couldbe labeled vitally with tetracycline, and show strong yellow fluorescence under thefluorescence microscope. Therefore, these substances were the newly formed bone sub-stances.


"Come, my songs, let us speak of perfection†" We shall get ourselves rather disliked." From the study of virus-induced malignant cells in tissue culture an idea may one day emerge, postulating a single key mechanism for triggering the process of carcinogenesis in vitro. The theory of such a single mechanism is untena ble when consideration is given to the multiple cell structure which forms an organism. It would be out of place to stress the complexity of the machinery which the organism has at its disposal as compared with that of its isolated cells. Phys iological, endocrine, and immunological factors, to mention only a few, are powerful forces which may change the process leading to malignant proliferation. This should deter anybody from consideration at present of a single mechanism governing the process of carcinogenesis in an ani mal organism. Readers who are interested in thinking about the concept of comparative study of cells and organisms vis à vis a virus infection are referred to recently published, excellent pa pers by Lwoff (38, 39). The heterogeneous process of successive changes leading to neoplasia has rarely, if ever, been analyzed from a biological point of view. More recently, however, Foulds (16) success fully attempted to subject the neoplastic devel opment in an organism to experimental analysis, and perhaps a summary of Foulds' lucid presen tation may serve as a proper introduction to the subject of this paper. The series of successive changes by which nor mal tissue becomes malignant has been termed "progressive." Foulds considers progression as the development of the tumor by way of a series of qualitative, stable, irreversible, and inheritable changes. He has laid down certain principles of progression, of which the first is by far the most important one. This concerns the independent progression of tumors. Through a qualitative change within the neoplastic tissue only a por tion of multiple tumors present in the same host, and often in the same tissue, continue to grow at one time. The second principle of Foulds postulates the independent progression of such characters of tumors as capacity to invade surrounding tissue, capacity to metastasize, sensitivity to drugs and to hormones, degree of differentiation, and oth ers. In other words, while the tumor develops, these and other characters do not change togeth er. This rule eliminates to a certain degree the necessity of classification of tumors as benign or malignant†" …


Aiming at the wrinkles and color deviation in pad dyeing of bi-elastic cotton/nylon fabric,a new continuous pad dyeing process is proposed,including singeing after desizing and bleaching,top dyeing with reactive dyes after acid dyeing,and then softening,stentering and shrink-proof finish.This process can control the color deviation effectively.


In an embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for fault monitoring and controlling operation of a discharge nozzle in a large array of discharge nozzles. An exemplary apparatus includes a thin, thermally conductive membrane, with an integrated thin-film electrical heater. When a fixed voltage is applied to the heater, and as the heater heats, the resistance of the heater will increase which will cause a concomitant decrease in the electrical current flowing through the heater. By measuring the resistance of the heater it can readily be determined whether the device is functioning properly.


Typical computing efficiencies (CE) for different integrated circuits (IC) are analyzed and compared. Various criteria of complexity based on algorithmic and theoretical-informational approaches are proposed. The authors try to formulate a measure of complexity associated with creating a computing algorithm which is compatible with the informational measure. A direct quantitative relationship is found between CEs for the processor and the ICs that depends on the specific structure of the processor.


Although the values of pluralism and diversity are enshrined in social work's Code of Ethics, the literature indicates that religious students will experience hostility within social work schools. This qualitative study explores how religious Jewish and Arab-Muslim social work students in Israel experience the secular academic context, in light of the profession's values. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted over a 6-month period, starting in January 2018, with third-year women students of social work at the country's largest public college – a microcosm of Israeli society in terms of ethnic, religious, and national affiliation. The participants were 20 women (10 Jewish and 10 Arab-Muslim) who self-identify as religious, in a secular academic setting. Analysis of the findings yields a broad and varied picture: the main themes include the initial encounter with the physical, social, and intellectual college environment; questioning whether academe is really liberal; and the feeling of being outsiders. These findings, which contribute to an understanding of the social and educational needs of the student who is the 'other', are relevant to social work educators worldwide. The other is everywhere.


Due to the increasing role of international partnership among organizations besides specific profession-related competences the prospective specialists in all fields need to develop foreign language, communication and cooperation competences to be able to cooperate successfully with foreign partners. It is important to note that foreign language skills alone cannot guarantee successful cooperation with foreign partners especially in cases when cooperation on an international level occurs frequently. Surveys among the graduates of the Latvia University of Agriculture prove the need for foreign language and cross-cultural communication skills, as well as other cooperation skills to successfully accomplish the work duties of specialists of different fields. Due to this reason, competences needed for successful communication with foreign partners should be developed in students of different faculties of the Latvia University of Agriculture according to the Latvian current labour market needs of each particular field. As the market needs and requirements for the working specialists differ, the task of educators within engineering education, as well as education of external relations specialists and other prospective specialists is to continuously determine the competences and the level of the competences needed for each specialty and find solutions for developing the particular competences within foreign language courses or other (on many occasions more cooperation-related) courses, afterwards ensuring the integration of such solutions in the curriculum and thus solving the problem regarding the lack of cooperation competence among the graduates.


In general, there's been significant improvement over the last four to five years, particularly when the responsibility for commissioning services was taken over by the NHS from the prison service.


Physiology and the concept of homeostasis transport of materials across the cell membrane physiology of nerves physiology of skeletal muscle and overview of the cardiovascular system and hemodynamics cardiac electrophysiology the electrocardiogram cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and the cardiac cycle determinants and evaluation of myocardial performance cardiac output and cardiac energetics vascular smooth muscle and the vascular endothelium the functions of arteries microcirculation and lymphatics neural control of the cardiovascular function special characteristics of individual circulation circulatory shock an overview of respiratory physiology ventilation pulmonary mechanics principle of gas exchange pulmonary circulation transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood matching ventilation and perfusion control of respiration glomerular filtration and the renal blood flow.


In her study of AIDS legends, American folklorist Diane Goldstein has pointed out the need to understand the power of narrative as a core of personal and collective action: "the narratives we hear and tell dovetail with our cultural life, becoming slotted in holes in information, explicating unresolved issues, challenging unpopular dominant constructions, asserting the importance of cultural truths" (Goldstein 2004, 157). In this article I aim to show how dream narratives become used and function in the context of personal cancer experience. Despite the fact that the dream narratives emerging in the context of cancer narratives 1 represent first and foremost the individual reasoning and narrative composition process, I want to emphasise the importance of comprehending the sociocultural frameworks applied to a particular discourse in order to analyse the composition, meaning and functions of simple narrative accounts. Using Mikhail Bakhtin's division, I approach cancer narratives as representing a secondary narrative or complex speech genre arising "in more complex and comparatively highly developed and organized cultural communication" (Bakhtin 1986, 61). John Dorst, the American anthropologist, has written that "no genre exists outside of the dense thickets of citation, commentary, resistance approval, mimicry, parody, etc. that constitute the responses of other points of view" (Dorst 1983, 414). Dorst's suggestion is built on Bakhtin's idea that secondary speech genres (mainly written) absorb and digest various primary (simple) genres during their formation or generative process. Accordingly, dreams form primary narratives, or a simple speech genre, within the cancer narrative.


Video capsule endoscopes are partly applied to clinical use. However, measurement technologies of capsule position in the digestive tract are not established yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop three-dimensional position sensor which can measure capsule position in the digestive tract. Three coils are arranged perpendicular in the capsule. The sensor generates electromotive force induced by magnetic field generator placed outside of a living body. By measuring induced electromotive force, we can calculate the distance between the sensor and the magnetic field generator. Although wireless is an ideal method for position measurements of capsule endoscope, this sensor is connected to computer through a thin cable because of electric power requirement.


A method for the radioimmunoassay of plasma estradiol is described which does not require extraction and chromatography of the plasma estradiol. Antibodies to estradiol-6(0-carboxymethyl) oxime coupled to bovine serum albumin are used. Interference from binding proteins normally present in human plasma is removed by adding a gross excess of testosterone to each sample, thereby displacing estradiol from all binding proteins except perhaps albumin which binds only weakly. Separation of bound and free 3H-estradiol is by means of active charcoal. Plasma proteins interfere with the separation step but this interference can be corrected for. Because there is no extraction or chromatography, recovery of plasma estradiol is always 100%. Because the procedure for correction of plasma protein interference makes the standard curve and sample directly comparable, the blank is automatically zero. Data indicating the accuracy of the method are presented. Data concerning the specificity of the antisera are given and the...


The current research on housing prices mainly concentrates on the cause of fluctuations from the view of the aggregate economy. However, the economic growth rates are relatively stable across time and even across regions, thus making it difficult to reconcile the tremendous yet persistent rising in housing prices. Though the concurring volatile financial factors can partly explain the overall growth of housing prices because of its similar rising trend, the factors taken into account are restricted within the macro perspectives, for example, by investigating the changes of a stock index(such as the Shanghai Composite Index). The differences across regions of housing prices remain by and large unexplained. In fact, the literature of studying the relationship between financial development and the regional economic gap has been growing, but investigating from the micro perspectives still remains limited.  For this reason, this paper attempts to find out the reason why the listed companies yield different effects on housing prices in different regions: capital siphons. The siphon effect originates from the physical term " siphon phenomenon", which refers to the one-way flow of water caused by different gravitational and potential forces. In this paper, we propose that the capital siphon results in the flow of capital from less developed to relatively wealthier regions. Studying the siphon effect after IPO is of great practical significance. First, previous literature pays little attention to capital siphons after IPO. Most of the related studies are qualitative analyses, or merely explore the relationship between stocks and GDP index without micro foundations. Second, capital siphons indeed have important effects on regional differences.  This micro level analysis can be decomposed into two questions: First, how do listed companies siphon funds to reserve money for the local real estate market and do capital siphons affect the housing price? Second, when the siphoned capital enters into the real estate market will affect the growth structure of the market value and housing prices? This study shows that financing from the primary market and insiders sell from the secondary market tend to "siphon" the national capital and increase the local currency, and then push up housing prices. Equivalently speaking, the area which is financing more or selling more will siphon capital from other areas. The siphon effect from insiders sell is different from that of financing: the former stimulates the accumulation of wealth, that is, the demand of rich strata drives housing prices mainly, while the latter has little impact on wealth accumulation. The price fluctuation in the secondary market determines the growth rhythm of housing prices, and spiral growth relationship is found between the market value of stocks and housing prices at the regional level. The substitution effect of stock markets is dominant in the bull market, in which the growth of the market value is negatively correlated with that of housing prices, while the wealth effect is dominant in the bear market, in which the relationship between the market value and housing prices is positive. In addition, the conclusion remained unchanged when we controlled some potential paths, which includes the population siphon path, the favored economic boost policy path and the first-tier cities siphon path.  With the effect that siphoned capital exacerbates regional differences of housing prices is significant, the controversial Opinions for Poverty Alleviation enacted by China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)in 2016 becomes reasonable and acceptable. In the future, the central and western regions, which are relatively backward in capital market development, should be offered certain favorable policies to encourage the capital to remain in the original area, in the hope that regional differences in housing prices can be mitigated.  This study contributes to the literature in the following aspects: First, it is the leading study to verify the capital siphon effect and to explain the financial causes and paths of regional differences in housing prices from the micro foundations. Second, it studies the influence of listed company on the regional economy from the perspectives of capital and housing prices. Third, it also clarifies the growth structure of stock markets and housing prices. Finally, this study provides a theoretical reference for regional economic coordination policies.


Trends of species differences in radionuclide accumulation by marine organisms from near the mouth of the Columbia River are reported and discussed. Marine plankton, sessile algae, mollusks, crustaceans, and fish were collected during April 1959 and 1960, near the river mouth. From 1 to 4 samples of each species were analyzed each year. The concentrations of gamma emitters, expressed in picocuries per gram dry weight, in the various species are tabulated. Plankton and the sessile algae, Fucus furcatus, generally had the highest concentrations of most radioisotopes under consideration. Zn65 was most abundant in plankton, sessile algae, and soft parts of mollusks.


Introduction: Athletes, who aim for even more perfection at every turn, have some orientations while achieving these goals. These orientations have been aimed to be explained with the goal orientation theory for many years. This study aims to examine the task orientation and ego orientation of visually impaired futsal players based on the level of their impairment. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 54 visually impaired male athletes (64.8%-B2, 35.2%-B3) who participated in B2–B3 Futsal 2nd League matches in the 2018–2019 season. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire was used as the data collection tool in the research (Toros, 2004). The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Within the scope of the research, it was found that the task orientation of the athletes with B2-level visual impairment was higher than that of the athletes with B3-level visual impairment. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 05). In terms of ego orientation, on the other hand, it was determined that the ego orientation of the athletes with B3-level visual impairment was significantly higher than the athletes with B2-level visual impairment (p < .05). Discussion: In this study, considering that athletes with B3-level visual impairment (whose vision is better than B2 athletes) perceive themselves as more competent, it may be better understood why their ego orientation scores were higher. Ego orientation here is associated with visual acuity and, therefore, self-efficacy. Implications for practitioners: In future studies, goal-orientation theory may be examined for visually impaired athletes in different sports branches (for visually impaired people, e.g., athletics, B1 football, B2-B3 futsal, goalball, judo, swimming, and weightlifting). Besides, the relevant theory would become stronger when different disability groups in the sports environment are brought into research.


A particle-dynamics simulation is a tool for investigating nonequilibrium phenomena accompanied with hydrodynamic, thermodynamic motions, and even with phase transitions. In this article, several applications of the particledynamics simulation and a new computational method of particle dynamics are reported.


The increasing complexity of Real-Time Embedded Systems (RTES) should be met with equally sophisticated design methods. The recent Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile for Modeling and Analysis of RealTime Embedded systems (MARTE) is well adapted for systems modeling. However along with the variety of schedulability analysis tools, bridging the gap between design models and meta-models of the documented scheduling analysis tools becomes an important issue. In this paper, we discuss a Model To Text (M2T) transformation for enabling the derivation of schedulability analysis models from UML/MARTE models. The generated model for schedulability analysis represents an input for an analysis tool. As a proof of concepts, we present the implemented code and experimental results.


Compound 3 and 5a, b were obtained from the reaction of 1,3,4,4-tetrachloro-1-thioallyl-2-nitro-1,3-butadiene (1) with thiomorpholine (2) and piperazine derivatives 4a, b in dichloromethane. The reaction of compound 1 and bromine gave compound 6. Compounds 8 and 10 were obtained from the reaction of 6 with 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine (7) and piperidine (9) in dichloromethane. The derivative 13 was synthesized from the reaction of 4-bromo-1,1,3,4-tetrachloro-2-nitro-1,3-butadiene (11) and allylmercaptane (12). Compounds 15 and 16a, b were obtained from the reaction of 1-allyl-4-bromo-1,3,4-trichloro-2-nitro-1,3-butadiene (13) with morpholine (14) and the piperazine derivatives 16a, b, in dichloromethane, respectively.


PURPOSE: A melt blown fiber web of a wave form is provided to show superior sound insulation and absorption properties and to lighten weight per unit size, thereby relatively increasing energy efficiency of a vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A fiber web which is fabricated by a melt blown method comprises the step of making melt blown ultrafine fibers and a collection unit with different surface speed come in contact. A horizontal fiber layer (10) is formed by horizontally laminating parts reaching a low speed collection unit among blown ultrafine fibers. A vertical fiber layer (20) of a winding shape is formed by a part reaching a high speed collection unit of which speed is faster than the speed of the surface of the low speed collection unit. A wave layer (30) of a wave shape is formed by twisting the upper end of the vertical fiber layer at the utmost part of the fiber web. Lines on the wave layer have irregular intervals and are vertically arranged. [Reference numerals] (10) Horizontal fiber layer; (20) Vertical fiber layer


Advocating the nationwide reading and constructing the scholarly society need all-people participation. This paper expounds the background and significance of putting forward the call of advocating the nationwide reading and constructing the scholarly society at a national level, and analyzes the responsibilities of various subjects in advocating the nationwide reading and constructing the scholarly society from the aspects of government department, cultural publishing industry, bookstore and library, and family and community, etc.


The invention discloses a method for achieving a user interface of a mobile device and the mobile device. The method comprises the steps: a. testing the trigger action on the mobile device, b. responding to the trigger action and displaying n responses area layers, wherein the response areas are of transparent rectangular shapes, the n response area layers are overlapped at one corner or on one side edge, the m response area layer is larger than the m-1 response area layer, m is larger than or equal to 2 and is smaller than or equal to n, the effective area of the first response area layer is a fanshaped area, the effective areas from the second response area layer to the n response area layer are fanshaped ring areas, and the effective areas of the n response area layers are not overlapped, c. calculating the display positions of one or more user interface factors and displaying the user interface factors on the effective areas of all the response area layers. According to the method for achieving the user interface of the mobile device and the mobile device, by means of the fanshaped user interface, a user can turn on the application entrance corresponding to the user interface factors conveniently, the entrance is global, and thus the problem that applications are difficult to find on intelligent terminals for the user is solved.


Profiles Indium Corporation. Igniting an electronics materials renaissance in Upstate New York round the world, glowing touchscreens, displays, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in our homes, mobile devices, and outdoor displays are examples of the ubiquity of indium as an element, whose atoms may well have passed through Indium Corporation manufacturing or recycling facilities on their way into our lives. Founded exclusively on the properties and applications of the element In49, Indium Corporation has expanded its capabilities over its 86 years of operation into a wide variety of materials, applications, and markets. Indium metal itself now represents only a small part of the company's business. Over the decades, the organization has become a major materials supplier in areas as diverse as automotive, medical, mobile, and aerospace electronics; renewable energy; wall-size displays; lighting; and artificial intelligence.


A multidimensional mismatch function (MMF) in the range-velocity-angle coordinates is introduced for the application to the ultra-wideband (UWB) parallel surveillance video-pulse system with matched space-time processing of orthogonal signals. Basic properties and specific features of the MMF sections that determine the resolution and accuracy characteristics of the system are investigated. Particular MMF sections are calculated.


Accurate knowledge of inductance windings is necessary in cases such as optimization calculations. Knowing the right value of reluctance torque, which depends upon the saliency ratio, is particularly important. The use of a fully-analytical calculation is straightforward and provides quick results. While this approach proves to be efficient for electrical motors with a small airgap, such is not true when the airgap becomes large, as is typical of axial-field machines with air-cored windings. After recalling the principle and hypotheses necessary for conducting the correct analytical calculation, through the example of a cylindrical reluctance machine, this paper proposes a 2-D semi-analytical calculation using surfacic permeance for an axial-field motor. It is shown that for a discoid motor, a 2-D analysis is sufficient in spite of 3-D effects due to its specific configuration and that the flux density in the airgap can be written as the product of the surfacic permeance and the MMM. This method is then applied to a new synchronous machine designed for a flywheel accumulator developed in our laboratory. The machine and its corresponding technology are also presented in this paper.


The current study treats the prediction of the direct normal and the global horizontal irradiances (DNI and GHI) for five years measurements in Oujda city, Morocco. The prediction is performed by t...


Globalization of the economy and open borders have companies, including subcontractors, facing a great challenge of competitiveness. Such is the case of Tunisian companies. Tunisia has a Mediterranean climate in the North and the East Coast, semi-arid in the interior regions and Saharian in the south. Its closeness to Europe and the cheap manpower are the main assets which made several European companies subcontracted their activities to Tunisian companies. However, with the evolution of the environment these assets have lost their value facing the intensified competition, notably with the emergence of China that subcontracts very cheaply. Tunisian firms are facing a big challenge in trying to attract and retain a client- donor - henceforth is becoming very demanding. Building on the efforts of R&D is now the key to overcoming these difficulties and establish sustainability. Through the study of three cases of Tunisian subcontracted  industrial enterprises and an abductive approach, our work reveals that, faced with a perceived as unstable environment, companies find it necessary to accentuate their R&D. The latter manifests itself in the co-conception or attempted inventions under development making it possible to offer new benefits.


Abstract : A laboratory model of a Terminal Air Traffic Control System was designed to be used as a vehicle for research in man-machine systems. The initial configuration of this system was described together with measures which were developed to test its response characteristics. Plans for comparing the performance of the live system with and without an analytical scheduling and routing model were discussed. (Author)


The validity of the Harrod foreign trade multiplier for 11 Asian countries is tested. The results obtained generally support Thrilwall's specification of the multiplier. This suggests, in an open economy, relevant economic management is the factor that manipulates the income elasticities of exports and imports.


In his new book, Daniel A. Bell takes the debate on human rights and democracy in the East Asian context to a new and more sophisticated level. The book builds on Bell's previous works, participation in several conferences, and many years of living and teaching in the region. In contrast to many earlier books on the topic, including some of Bell's own, this book provides more contextualized and empirical knowledge to back up the political theorizing. The book is divided into three parts dealing with human rights (chap. 2–4), democracy (chap. 5–8), and capitalism (chap. 9–11), with an introduction and a final chapter discussing some earlier or expected critiques of his views and works. In comparison with his previous works, here Bell addresses some important new topics, such as East Asian capitalism, property rights, the impact of globalization, and the situation of migrant domestic workers, and he provides new perspectives on the debate about human rights and democracy, sometimes addressing seemingly disparate issues, such as just war and Confucianism or physical education in Greece and ancient China. These rather eclectic chapters are, however, kept together by a strong and forcefully argued conviction that human rights and democracy "must be adjusted to contemporary East Asian political and economic realities and to the values of nonliberal East Asian political traditions such as Confucianism and Legalism" (p. 9). While this reviewer applauds Bell's efforts to provide a local cultural context and discuss concrete issues—for example, by providing very illustrative examples from Singapore and Hong Kong in the case of migrant domestic workers—the author seems unaware of and does not build on or refer to other recent works that provide a more empirically grounded approach to human rights issues and democracy in the region. This is very evident in the case of China, for example, where works by Neil J. Diamant, Stanley B. Lubman, and Kevin J. O'Brien (Engaging the Law in China: State, Society and Possibilities for Justice [Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2005]) and Kevin J. O'Brien and Lianjiang Li (Rightful Resistance in Rural China [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006]) provide important empirical studies of legal and political struggles that shed The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 67, No. 1 (February) 2008: 249–360. © 2007 Association of Asian Studies Inc.


In this paper, we use a three-dimensional heart model which is reconstructed by cloud points. As the need of post-processing such as adding ablation line and opening on the model, we have to subdivide the grid model. After analyzing the characters of the model, basing on the loop algorithm, we propose a method in which we subdivide a triangle into 16 triangles, and through the experiment we get a very uniform sub-grid model and a much more smoothly 3D heart surface model. In this paper we also make a contrast by opening on the original model and the subdivided model, and we find the cross-section on subdivided model is much more smoothly. The speed of the postprocessing on the subdivided model also meets the needs of the project very well.


A novel power decoupling circuit using four switches is proposed, which is connected in parallel to the AC output side of the inverter. Thus, second harmonic voltage appeared in DC bus and second harmonic current appeared in voltage source can be significantly suppressed, and large electrolytic capacitor can be substituted by a small, long lifespan film capacitor. The new power decoupling circuit proposed in this paper can handle bi-directional changed pulsation power through pulse energy modulation (PEM), which calculates duty ratio in each switching cycle and achieves decoupling control. Furthermore, four operating modes of the hybrid Buck/Boost circuit are analyzed and the principle of PEM was deduced. Finally, theoretical analysis is verified by Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is reasonable and effective and the decoupling ability of the decoupling circuit under various operating conditions is analyzed.


The scale of mortality due to hunting of quarry birds in Europe raises conservation questions concerning the effect of hunting on their populations. Typical questions relate to the effect on survival, and to geographical differences and temporal trends in hunting pressure. Geographical differences and temporal trends in hunting pressure can be examined using ringing data by constructing indices based either solely on recoveries of dead birds, or combining recoveries and ringing totals. Both types of index may vary through factors unrelated to hunting. Annual survival rates may be calculated from ringing recoveries, either using models based solely on recoveries of dead birds, or combining recoveries and ringing totals. Measuring an effect of hunting on survival rates is best achieved by comparing rates between hunted and non‐hunted populations. Capture‐recapture data may serve the same purpose, but are appropriate only for intensive studies. Deciding whether mortality due to hunting is additive or compens...


Interindividual differences in drug response – especially due to drug metabolism – are among the most important reasons for severe adverse drug reactions (ADR) in patients. About 80% of drugs causing clinically relevant ADR are metabolized by polymorphic enzymes [1]. The most important human enzymes for oxidative drug metabolism belong to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase superfamily. Several CYP possess high levels of genetic polymorphism and can be induced or inhibited, thereby causing pronounced interindividual differences in enzyme activity and drug response. The assessment of CYP activity (phenotyping) of a patient before drug treatment might minimize the occurrence of ADR and treatment failures. In the last decades, CYP phenotyping procedures were simplified by combining up to five probe drugs into a so-called probe drug cocktail [2–8]. Two of these, the Pittsburgh and the Geneva cocktail, use flurbiprofen (FLB) as CYP2C9 probe drug [8–10]. It was recently shown that the metabolic ratio of FLB measured in plasma 2 hr after administration was not influenced by a combination of flurbiprofen with caffeine, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam [9]. As urine can also be used for CYP2C9 phenotyping [3], we aimed to verify whether the urinary measure is also unaffected by concomitant administration of the probe drugs dextromethorphan (CYP2D6) or omeprazole (CYP2C19).


This Viewpoint discusses the need to account for clinician and patient adherence to colorectal cancer screening recommendations and barriers to implementation of screening programs in the choice of which tests to recommend in screening guidelines


Vascular calcification (VC) is very common in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and it is becoming more prevalent with the worsening of kidney function and CKD duration. VC is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes, including ischemic cardiac events and subsequent vascular mortality (1). VC is usually seen in aging, after vascular injury and in various clinical conditions, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and Mönckeberg's medial sclerosis. VC has been associated with numerous 'traditional' risk factors such as aging, hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia, as well as with 'nontraditional' risk factors, such as hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis D or excess administration of calcium salts (2). The hemodynamic consequences of VC include a loss of arterial elasticity, an increase in pulse wave velocity, development of left ventricular hypertrophy, decrease in coronary artery perfusion and myocardial ischemia (3). The pathophysiology of vascular disease in CKD is recognized to be distinct from that related to atherosclerosis in the general population. Initially, VC was found as a passive phenomenon. However, it has been subsequently recognized as an active cell-mediated process (4, 5). VC may occur in either the intimal layer or the medial layer of the vessel wall, e.g. Mönckeberg's sclerosis, which is very common in CKD patients (6). It is not yet clear to what extent these two patterns of VC might overlap in terms of pathogenetic mechanism, but both are associated with increased mortality in CKD patients (7). Intimal calcification is focal, associated with inflammation and the development of plaques and occlusive lesions, while adjacent regions of the vessel wall may remain remarkably normal. This form of calcification represents an advanced stage of atherosclerosis and is seen in the aorta, coronary arteries and other large vessels (4). Medial calcification, characterized by diffuse mineral deposition throughout the vascular tree, can occur completely independent of atherosclerosis or alongside, and is commonly observed in muscle-type conduit arteries (5). The two forms of calcification may well co-exist in the same vessel, which could be even more detrimental. A number of non-invasive imaging techniques are available to screen for the presence of VC: plain x-rays to identify macroscopic calcifications of aorta and peripheral arteries; two-dimensional ultrasound for calcification of carotid arteries, echocardiography for assessment of valvular calcification; and computer tomography (CT) technologies that constitute the gold standard for quantification of coronary artery and aorta calcification. Electron beam CT (EBCT) and the newer multi-slice CT (MSCT) are highly sensitive methods, assessing accurately and quantitatively, especially coronary artery calcification, by using an electrocardiographic trigger for heart imaging only in diastole, thus avoiding motion artifacts (8). EBCT is not readily available in many hospitals. In contrast, almost every hospital has a multipurpose MSCT with software adjustments to allow gated imaging. However, there are conflicting results about the correlation between the severity of coronary artery calcification measured by EBCT and subsequent clinical cardiac events in dialysis patients (9, 10). This can be explained by the fact that the arterial calcification score generated by CT scanning is a composite of both medial and intimal calcification. This is a limitation of these CT-based imaging techniques, as they are unable to distinguish between the two predominant arterial calcification sites. EBCT and MSCT could also be used for the assessment of VC in the aorta (11, 12). Conventional CT may be used to evaluate non-coronary VC, especially aortic calcifications. Measuring the proportion of aortic circumference showing calcification can generate an aortic calcification index (ACI). This method seems to be simple, relatively inexpensive and useful for an initial diagnosis of VC. Taniwaki et al (13) used this method for the quantification of VC in HD patients with diabetes mellitus. It expresses calcification in 12 sectors as a percentage, so the extent of calcification in the aortic wall circumference is assessed, but not the thickness. Ohya et al (14) have


Escherichia coli (E. coli) has multiple copies of the chaperone‐usher (CU) pili operon in five fimbria groups: CU pili, curli, type IV pili, type III secretion pili, and type IV secretion pili. Commensal E. coli K‐12 contains 12 CU pili operons. Among these operons, Sfm is expressed by the sfmACDHF operon. Transcriptome analyses, reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR analyses reported that FimZ directly binds to and activates the sfmA promoter, transcribing sfmACDHF. In addition, FimZ regularly induces constant cell elongation in E. coli, which is required for F‐type ATPase function. The bacterial two‐hybrid system showed a specific interaction between FimZ and the α subunit of the cytoplasmic F1 domain of F‐type ATPase. Studies performed using mutated FimZs have revealed two active forms, I and II. Active form I is required for constant cell elongation involving amino acid residues K106 and D109. Active form II additionally required D56, a putative phosphorylation site, to activate the sfmA promoter. The chromosomal fimZ was hardly expressed in parent strain but functioned in phoB and phoP double‐gene knockout strains. These insights may help to understand bacterial invasion restricted host environments by the sfm γ‐type pili.


Summary Two patients are described with both anorexia nervosa and diabetes mellitus. In addition, both patients suffered from bulimic episodes. A third patient with bulimia is also described. All patients admitted to using their diabetes in a purposeful and direct way to pursue their morbid goal of weight loss. Management proved extremely difficult.


The cause of eye and crack formation was investigated in cheese produced with the thermophilic starter culture code APS-16, which contains strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus. In cheese made at a scalding temperature T s of 43 °C no eyes were formed, while in cheese made at T s 35.5 °C eyes were formed at two to six weeks after production and after about three months cracks were also present. The gas that caused eye and crack formation was carbon dioxide, the main source being decarboxylation of glutamic acid to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In addition a small amount of carbon dioxide was formed from heterolactic fermentation, citric acid fermentation and urea fermentation. The lack of eye formation in cheese made at high scalding temperature was not due to the higher firmness of the curd, but due to a low glutamic acid decarboxylation activity.


A long-standing characteristic of the series is publishing new theoretical and empirical work that connects previously disparate sub-fields. This volume continues that tradition as the papers join social movements research with organizational theory, new institutionalism, strategic action fields, and nonviolent action.


Abstract Objective: Compare the effectiveness and tolerability of current therapy with frovatriptan 2.5-mg tablets (in 1–3 migraines) in patients with migraine previously using other triptans, analgesics/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or triptans and NSAIDs (T+NSAIDs). Research design and methods: Subanalysis of a postmarketing survey study in patients with migraine managed at primary care facilities in Germany. Main outcome measures: A total of 5025 patients rated the effectiveness and tolerability of previous therapy (triptans; T+NSAIDs; NSAIDs) and current therapy with frovatriptan; physicians rated only frovatriptan effectiveness and tolerability (1 = Very Good, 2 = Good, 3 = Satisfactory, 4 = Poor). Results: Of 7107 patients initially surveyed, 5025 were identified for this subanalysis as previously using NSAIDs (n = 2890), triptans (n = 1418) or T + NSAIDs (n = 717). The mean (SD) age was 42.3 (11.9) years. At baseline, patients who previously used NSAIDs reported significantly fewer migraines per month, lower migraine severity, shorter migraine duration, and poorer ratings for effectiveness and tolerability versus responses from patients previously using triptans or T + NSAIDs (P < 0. 001 for each). Patient effectiveness ratings of Very Good or Good for previous therapy occurred in 49% (n = 691 of 1411) of patients using triptans, 27% (n = 195 of 716) of patients using T + NSAIDs, and 11% (n = 303 of 2866) of patients using NSAIDs (P < 0.04 between each group). Most patients rated current therapy with frovatriptan as Very Good or Good for effectiveness (86%, triptans; 83%, T + NSAIDs; 94%, NSAIDs) and tolerability (95%; 95%; 97%). Most physicians rated frovatriptan as Very Good or Good for effectiveness (87%; 86%; 95%) and tolerability (96%; 96%; 98%). Within-patient comparisons confirmed that frovatriptan had improved effectiveness (P < 0.001) and tolerability ratings (P < 0.001) in all three groups versus previous therapies. Conclusions: Intrapatient comparisons showed that most patients with migraine reported significantly improved effectiveness and tolerability ratings with frovatriptan versus previous acute therapies.


Pahandut Seberang Village has an average middle to the lower level of economy in the community, so most of the people still need assistance from the government. In Pahandut Seberang Village, the selection of recipients of the Smbako program assistance is still the old way by using from paper. The assessment process is still not transparent in nature and the selection process is very slow and receipt of Sembako programs assistance are not being on target. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a Decision Support System (SPK) is created to help the Pahandut Seberang Village in selecting the recipients prospective of Sembako program assistance
In designing and building the system are using 2 development methods, namely the Waterfall method as a software development method and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method as a decision support system method in its calculations. Where the saw method has 4 stages, namely determining the criteria, determining the suitability, making a decision matrix based on the criteria and normalizing the. The final result is obtained from the ranking, namely the sum of the normalized matrix multiplication R with the weight vector so that the largest value sas a solution.
This system testing uses a Black-box testing system. The test results show that the system created has been running according to the expectations of the researcher. This research produces a decision support system for selection of the recipients prospective that can provide recommendations for the recipients prospective the Pahandut Seberang village.


In ISO TC249 conference, tongue diagnosis has been one of the most active research and their objectifications has become significant with the help of numerous statistical and machine learning algorithm. Color information of substance or tongue body has kept valuable information regarding the state of disease and its correlation with the internal organs. In order to produce high reproducibility of color measurement analysis, tongue images have to undergo several procedures such as color correction, segmentation and tongue's substance-coating separation. This paper presents a novel method to recognize substance and coating from tongue images and eliminate the tongue coating for accurate substance color measurement for diagnosis. By utilizing Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) color space, new color-brightness threshold parameters have been devised to improve the efficiency of tongue's substance and coating separation procedures and eliminate shadows. The algorithm offers fast processing time around 0.98 seconds for 60,000 pixels tongue image. The successful tongue's substance and coating separation rate reported is 90% compared to the labelled data verified by the practitioners. Using 300 tongue images, the substance Lab color measurement with small standard deviation had revealed the effectiveness of this proposed method in computerized tongue diagnosis system.


One-dimensional unsteady gas dynamics dominate the prediction and optimization of two-stroke engine performance. Its application in engines with complicated geometry is, however, limited because the flow through the engine is three dimensional in nature. Multidimensional CFD has the capacity to capture the effect of complicated flow fields. However, most existing CFD studies include either only one cylinder with a partial exhaust system or just a separate exhaust manifold, and boundary conditions need to be fed from experimental data. It is found in this study that such simplifications may yield misleading results. In a previous study, the authors extended a multidimensional CFD code, KIVA to simulate a multi-cylinder engine together with a full exhaust manifold. The need for exhaust pressure boundary conditions was thus eliminated. In continuation of this study, a crankcase model was first developed to dynamically predict the crankcase pressure. A reed valve model proposed by Blair, et al. was used to predict the flow into the crankcase through the reed valve. Thus the code is capable of predicting engine performance without any input of dynamic boundary conditions. The developed code was first rigorously tested against a single cylinder engine at a wide range of engine speeds. The computed exhaust pressure trace agrees well with the measurement. It shows that the predicted trapped oxygen mass is a good indicator of engine power. The test was then extended to a twin-cylinder loop scavenged engine with a folded exhaust manifold. The predicted exhaust pressure matches experiments, and the predicted trapped oxygen mass agrees well with the estimate based on the measured fuel consumption and emission data. The code was finally used to optimize a production two-stroke engine, and the improvement predicted by the simulation was realized in dynamometer tests.


Abstract In this paper, assuming that the error terms follow a multivariate t distribution, we derive the exact formula for the predictive mean squared error (PMSE) of two different types of pretest estimators. It is shown analytically that one of the pretest estimator dominates the SR estimator if a critical value of the pretest is chosen appropriately. Also, we compare the PMSE of the pretest estimators with the MMSE, AMMSE, SR and PSR estimators by numerical evaluations. Our results show that the pretest estimators dominate the OLS estimator for all combinations when the degrees of freedom is not more than 5. Key Words: Predictive mean squared error; Homogeneous preliminary test estimator; Heterogeneous preliminary test estimator; Multivariate t error term.


ABSTRACT In constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial effluents and in contaminated waterlogged soils, wetland plants (helophytes) are exposed to toxic chemicals. Hence, the plants' resistance to contaminants is an important prerequisite for applying phytoremediation to solve these environmental problems. For toxicity tests on the germination and growth of various helophytes (Phalaris arundinaceae and Phragmites australis), phenol, phenanthrene, and a mixture of both were used as examples of chemicals from the petrol- and coal-processing industries. The germination rate, shoot length, root length, and influence on leaves, young shoots, and dry weight were studied. Although an increase in contaminant concentration decreased plant growth (dry weight, shoot length); interestingly, the number of young shoots rose. Low contaminant concentration (about 50 mg/l in case of phenol) stimulated the plant growth. The cress seed germination test was less susceptible compared with plantlet exposure in the case of phenol and phenanthrene. Due to its low bioavailability, solid phenanthrene (without solutizer) did not significantly affect plant growth.


Rural areas are often interested by pollution phenomena generated by agricultural activities with a high use of pesticides and/or by anthropic activities, such as industrial plants or illegal waste disposal sites, which may cause even long-range contamination. The risk for human health from the pollutants present in the environment can be quantitatively evaluated by the environmental health risk analysis set out in the Italian Legislative Decree no. 152/2006 (Italian Regulation, 2006). This analysis is the best technical-normative tool to estimate the health risks linked to the pollutants present in the environment but it does not consider the specificity of agricultural soils or the contamination of agricultural products. This study aims to provide this missing technical-normative data by identifying and applying a suitable methodology to evaluate the health risk caused by the ingestion of agricultural products grown in contaminated soils. The risk analysis was applied to two contaminated areas in southern Italy using an innovative methodology based on widely accepted parameters for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) soil-plant bio-transfer factor in the case of horticultural crops. In addition, some concentration limits of PAHs in agricultural soils are proposed that may be of help to the competent authorities (health agencies, local authorities) in delineating the areas requiring strict health surveillance of the food products cultivated.


We analyze why it is better to establish the rank of coal on the basis of the vitrinite reflectance R r , A procedure is offered for calculating R r that is based on the electromagnetic theory of the interaction of light with the organic matter of coal and on an additive estimate of the polarizability of fragments of the organic matter. The algorithm of the calculations makes it possible to determine the nature of the changes in R r depending on the degree of reduction and oxidation of a coal and estimate the adequacy of the structural chemical models of the coal organic substances.


It is shown that if F is a holomorphic mapping of the unit ball in Cn into Cn which has a certain smoothness (in the Sobolev sense) then the jacobian of F has somewhat more smoothness than might be expected. Examples are given to show that the results are sharp.


PURPOSE: A filter apparatus and the operating method thereof are provided to be effectively applied when the ion concentration is high among the inflow water and improve the efficiency of electricity regeneration of the filter apparatus by reducing the grade of the absorption concentration according to the direction of the flow. CONSTITUTION: The filter apparatus comprises the anode, the cathode, and a pair of ion exchanger which arranged between the anode and the cathode, the fluid path (13), and the ion exchanger (13a) which fills the fluid path. The fluid path positioned between a pair of cation exchange film is spread from the inlet port toward the outlet according to the fluid path. The fluid path has a shape that increases the flow rate per cross section according to the direction of the fluid path. The cross section of the fluid path of the outlet is smaller than the cross section of the fluid path of the inlet. [Reference numerals] (AA) Channel direction (absorption direction); (BB) Recovery direction


Classical nonhamiltonian dynamics, driven by external 'curl forces' (which are not the gradient of a potential) is extended to the quantum domain. This is a generalisation of the two-stage Madelung procedure for the quantum Hamiltonian case: (i) considering not individual trajectories but families of them, characterised by their velocity and density fields (both functions of position and in general time); and (ii) adding the gradient of the quantum potential to the external curl force. Curl forces require the velocity field to have nonzero vorticity, so there is no underlying singlevalued wavefunction. Two explicit examples are presented. A possible experiment would be the motion of small particles with complex polarisability, influenced by forces from optical fields.


The primary purpose of a microdensitometer is to provide precise measurements of optical density and coordinate information from a photographic image.


We present an approach to extract quantitative geometric descriptions of the movements of persons by fitting the projection of a 3-dimensional human model to consecutive frames of an image sequence. The kinematics of the human model is given by a homogeneous transformation tree and its body parts are modeled by right-elliptical cones. The proposed approach can determine the values of a varying number of degrees of freedom (DOFs; body joints, position and orientation of the person relative to the camera) according to the application and the kind of image sequence. The determination of the DOFs is understood as an estimation problem which is solved by an iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF). For this purpose, the human model is augmented by a simple motion model of constant velocity for all DOFs which is used in the prediction step of the IEKF. In the update step both region and edge information is used.