To examine the photosensitized biomolecules damaging activity, dimethoxyP(V)tetrakis(2-naphthyl)porphyrin (NP) and dimethoxyP(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (PP) were synthesized. The naphthyl moiety of NP hardly deactivated the photoexcited P(V)porphyrin ring in ethanol. In aqueous solution, the naphthyl moiety showed the quenching effect on the photoexcited porphyrin ring, possibly through electron transfer and self-quenching by a molecular association. Binding interaction between human serum albumin (HSA), a water soluble protein, and these porphyrins could be confirmed by the absorption spectral change. The apparent association constant of NP was larger than that of PP. It is explained by that more hydrophobic NP can easily bind into the hydrophobic pockets of HSA. The photoexcited PP effectively induced damage of the tryptophan residue of HSA, through electron transfer-mediated oxidation and singlet oxygen generation. NP also induced HSA damage during photo-irradiation and the contributions of the electron transfer and singlet oxygen mechanisms were speculated. The electron transfer-mediated mechanism to the photosensitized protein damage should be advantageous for photodynamic therapy in hypoxic condition. The quantum yield of the HSA photodamage by PP was significantly larger than that of NP. The quenching effect of the naphthyl moiety is considered to suppress the photosensitized protein damage. In conclusion, the naphthalene substitution to the P(V)porphyrins can enhance the binding interaction with hydrophobic biomacromolecules such as protein, however, this substitution may reduce the photodynamic effect of P(V)porphyrin ring in aqueous media. Photosensitized protein damage is an important process in medicinal applications of photochemical reaction, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. PDT is a less-invasive treatment of cancer and some non-malignant conditions. In general, important mechanisms of biomolecules damage by PDT are the singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and photo-induced electron transfer from biomolecules such as proteins. Because oxygen concentration in cancer cells is low, the mechanism through electron transfer is considered to be an advantageous mechanism for PDT. For this purpose, we have examined P(V)porphyrin derivatives, which can induce oxidation of protein through the electron transfer under visible-light irradiation. Ligand-substituted derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin P(V) complexes have been synthesized and their protein photodamaging activity were investigated. In this study, tetranaphthylporphyrin P(V) complex and its reference compound (Figure 1) were synthesized to examine the photochemical activity for PDT. A redshift of absorption band and enhancement of binding interaction with protein were expected in the case of the naphthylP(V)porphyrin. DimethoxyP(V)tetrakis(2-naphthyl)porphyrin (NP) and dimethoxyP(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (PP) were synthesized (Figure 1) according to the previous reports (Supporting information). We tried to synthesize the P(V) complex of tetrakis(1-naphtyl)porphyrin (1-TNP). However, the incorporation of phosphorus atom into the free base 1-TNP could not be established, whereas this reaction could proceed relatively easily in the case of tetrakis(2-naphtyl)porphyrin (2-TNP). In general, P(V)porphyrins are sterically hindered molecules. Steric hindrance around the central atom due to an interaction between the axial ligand connecting to the central atom of porphyrin ring and the hydrogen atom of the 1-naphthyl moiety may inhibit the incorporation of phosphorus atom into 1-TNP (Figure 2). The calculated enthalpy change of this reaction of 1-TNP (191 kJ mol) was larger than that of 2-TNP (110 kJ mol), supporting that a steric effect inhibits the phosphorus atom incorporation into 1-TNP. Figure 1. Structures of PP (left) and NP (right). *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: email@example.com Communication Kazutaka Hirakawa et al and Shigetoshi Okazaki The journal is c Korean Society of Photoscience 38 RCP 2015 . 4(2) 37-40 Figure 2. Optimized structures of P(V) complexes of 1-TNP (left) and 2-TNP (right). These structures were obtained by the semiempirical molecular orbital calculation at the PM3 level utilizing Spartan'10 (Wavefunction Inc., CA, USA). The photochemical properties of NP and PP were examined in ethanol. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of NP were slightly redshifted compared with those of PP (Figure 3 and Table 1). The redshift of absorption band of P(V)porphyrin photosensitizer is important for PDT. Naphthyl moiety slightly contributed to the redshift, however this effect was not large. The fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of NP, which was determined relative to that of bis(ethyleneglycoxy)P(V) tetraphenylporphyrin (Фf =0.048 in water), was slightly larger than that of PP in ethanol. The time profile of fluorescence intensity of NP in ethanol could be fitted by a single exponential function, whereas that of PP could be analyzed by a double exponential function, suggesting the two different conformations of PP in ethanol solution. The fluorescence lifetime (τf) of these porphyrins in ethanol is shown in Table 1. A quenching effect of the naphthyl moiety on the photoexcited state of the porphyrin was hardly observed in ethanol. To examine the interaction between porphyrins and protein and their protein damaging activity, the following experiments were performed. Human serum albumin (HSA), a water soluble protein, was used as target biomolecule. Sample solutions containing 5 M porphyrins and 10 M HSA in a 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) containing 2.5% (vol/vol) ethanol were irradiated with a lightemitting diode (LED) (519 nm, 1 mW cm). Damage of HSA was evaluated by a fluorometry of the tryptophan residue. The excitation wavelength for this fluorometry is 298 nm.


The Learning of Computer assem- bling Applications (AMDA 1800 MHz) Using Macromedia Flash MX 7.0, is a multimedia application which contains the delivery of information on the steps in assembling a PC doing well and correctly. It is expected this application can help someone who wants to gain the ease in obtaining infor- mation about assembling a Personal Computer. This appli- cation uses the multimedia elements of images, text, sound, and animation into an application form which is expected to be used easily by someone and made ??it interesting with the music which accompanies this application. By clicking a button from the menu options the user will get quick in- formation about learning to assemble a PC. Bibliography (2002 - 2004)


Underachievement is commonly seen as a discrepancy between the level at which a student performs and their academic potential. It is a learned behaviour that can be caused by factors both inside and outside the school setting including family and community dynamics, school curriculum and teaching methods, and personality traits. The identification of underachieving gifted students is closely linked to the identification of giftedness itself and talented students can be marginalised if a school's definition is conservative and its methods of identification narrow. This case study examines Albert Einstein's early life through the lens of recent theory and research in an effort to understand why he became an underachiever at school. It identifies several factors that may have contributed to his underachievement, in particular his frustration with inflexible teaching methods and the rigid curricular at that time. It also highlights the need for today's teachers to ensure that they keep abreast of current research and theory so that they can best meet the educational needs of the gifted and talented students in their classrooms.


This chapter sets out the context and rationale for the book, arguing that the study of capitalism needs to engage more closely with the study of sexuality, and vice versa. In order to advance this agenda, the chapter calls for international political economy and queer theory to combine their contributions through development of the field of queer political economy. The author then outlines the book's key methodological moves and, in particular, its focus on sex work together with its genealogical approach to discourse analysis. As well as describing and justifying what the book is and does, the chapter also reflects on the book's limitations, including the choice to consider the specific case of Britain rather than offering a general history of capitalism.


The purpose of this research is to identify (i) whether there is a significant speculative bubble in the U.S. stock market as of late 2014, (ii) how large the bubble is relative to past bubbles dating back to 1951, and (iii) why current monetary policy may be causing the bubble. In contrast to traditional microeconomic indicators used to examine stock bubbles, we make use of nominal GDP only. Moreover, we explain why that this variable should be closely related to the stock price index. This thesis asserts that nominal GDP is a weak attractor for stock price (measured by the S&P 500 index). However, because of the high inflation period during the 1970s, which interrupted the close relation between stock prices and nominal GDP, the price level is added to the regression in a new and interesting manner. Using Engle-Granger cointegration methods, we found a surprisingly strong and complicated long run relation between nominal GDP, inflation, and stock prices. According to our empirical results, we found strong evidence of a bubble in the US stock market, whose size has already expanded to roughly 1/3 to 1/2 the size of the dotcom bubble of 2000, and is roughly the same size as the stock bubble in 2007. These results accord well with analysis made by the Office of Financial Research of the US government. Both CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests verify that the associated error correction model is stable for quarterly data over the entire period 1951- 2014.


Tributylphosphate, an organophosphate, was used as the phosphorus source instead of phosphoric acid to synthesize several new multiwalled, microporous rare-earth phosphate nanofibers and nanotubes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


A novel design for temperature-compensated CMOS voltage reference sources by using the 1st order voltage reference taking into account the property of the conventional current generator is proposed to minimize the temperature coefficient because the 2nd order voltage reference obtained by the compensated nonlinearity of the base-emitters in complementary to absolute temperature has inherent complex problems due to the large scale circuits. A temperature coefficient of the proposed voltage reference source is estimated by using the current generator, which operates at smaller or larger temperature in comparison with the optimized operating temperature. The proposed temperature-compensated CMOS voltage reference sources are simulated by using a SMIC 0.35 mum CMOS technology. The temperature coefficient, obtained from the SMIC 0.35 mum CMOS technology, is 8.35 ppm/degC in a temperature range between -40 and 125degC. The simulated results indicate that the proposed temperature-compensated CMOS voltage reference sources by using the 1st order voltage reference taking into account the property of the conventional current generator can be used to decrease the temperature coefficient.


This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.


In response to growing concerns over rising energy costs and global warming, researchers have begun exploring innovative energy feedback mechanisms to serve as a support to reduce energy consumption .In order to promote more efficient energy conservation behavior the feedback system needs to engage with consumers in meaningful and effective ways. This thesis presents an eco-feedback system that focuses on improving the homeowners' "know" and "care", aiming to influence actions through transformation of moral in addition to monetary savings. The system developed accesses consumers energy consumption using smart meters installed on customers premises, predicts future energy consumption and provides the know and care information to the users in a mobile gaming application. By identifying and evaluating the requirements for designing an effective eco-feedback system, the Android mobile application enables users to track both historical and predicted energy consumption, historical and predicted expenditures, and their contribution to carbon emissions. The application helps users to reduce or shift their electricity usage during peak periods and encourages them to offset demand during peak hours to off-peak hours, thus reducing the strain on the grid. Also, integrating gamification elements can stimulate the sense of competition for motivating long-term energy-efficient behavior.


ABSTRACT : Kiwifruit has been used for hair treatment because of the content of vitamin C, vitamin E, and arginine which is bene icial for maintaining healthy hair, helps improve circulation in the scalp, and softens and nourishes hair. In this study, a rinse-off hair conditioner was formulated using kiwifruit extract with various types of fatty alcohols as thickening agent. The fatty alcohols were cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, setostearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol with 4% concentration each. The conditioner preparation was carried out using emulsi ication method by heating at a temperature of 70-80oC. Conditioner evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, type of emulsion, viscosity and rheology, centrifugation test, particle size, and pH. The conditioners had lemon-white color, homogeneous O/W emulsion type, thixotropic low properties, stable, acidic pH, with varying viscosity and particle size. In conclusion, fatty alcohols could affect the physical properties of emulsions on the viscosity and particle size test parameters. The longer the carbon chain of fatty alcohol, the viscosity increases and the particle size gets smaller. Optimum formula for rinse-off hair conditioners was showed as a formula that physically stable and has suitable viscosity.


The following dialogue is an imaginary conversation between four prominent modern theologians. The topic is the resurrection of Jesus as an historical event. My choice of Barth, Bultmann, Pannenberg, and Moltmann as participants in the dialogue no doubt reflects my own theological odyssey. But it also has a more objective basis. These theologians represent the four currently most influential interpretations of the New Testament witness to the resurrection. I have tried to be fair in stating the four positions and the ways in which they both agree and clash with each other. The theologians in the dialogue prove to be both abrasive and occasionally humorous. I have seldom been party to a good theological discussion which did not contain a bit of both of these qualities. Finally, I should explain that the dialogue form is used to solicit the reader's own engagement in the on-going discussion.


Pursuing excellence in esthetically restoring a facial contour deformity is always a life-long endeavour for plastic surgeons. Significant facial defects, deformity or overt disfigurement, either soft tissue or skeletal or a combination of both, usually bring about aesthetic, functional and of course psychosocial impact. This situation is usually the formidable misery of the head and neck cancer patients with possible significant tissue loss. Strategy regarding the mode of reconstruction in order to obtain the most outstanding result is of utmost importance. Most reconstructions employing microvascular free tissue transfer often emphasize on tissue replacement and functional restoration. Based on 30 years experience in plastic surgery and free tissue transfers, the authors stressed on aesthetic refinement on each patient receiving either conventional methods or free tissue transfer for facial recontouring.


Wireless ad-hoc networks have received huge attention during recent years due to the potential applications in different fields such as emergency, disaster relief, battle-fields, automotive, social networks and entertainment. They are rapidly deployable, selforganizing, and require no fixed infrastructure for communications. (Huang et al., 2008) At the same time, localization in wireless networks is becoming a hot topic for society, industry and research. The needs of location information has driven companies to build mobile handsets with embedded GPS receivers (which is nowadays the most popular mass market solution for positioning), causing huge increase in costs, size, battery consumption, and a long time for a full market penetration (Sayed et al., 2005). However, it is also known that the GPS is not always the most suitable solution for localization. In adverse environments, such as outdoor urban canyons and indoor, it is not an easy task to obtain location information, due to the signal blocking, multipath conditions and the infeasibility to have a continuous tracking of at least four satellites (Mayorga et al., 2007). The Fourth generation (4G) communication systems also stimulate the need of providing alternative ubiquitous localization solutions, regardless the environment (i.e., outdoors and indoors), which should overcome, or at least complement, the drawbacks of GPS-based and GPS-free systems (Della Rosa, 2007). Traditional alternative technologies make use of time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements from the serving cellular system where the Base Stations (BSs) are considered as fixed reference points (Sayed et al., 2005). Different type of measurements, such as received signal strength (RSS), are widely used in local area scenarios, where Wi-Fi Hot Spots deployed in big cities allow user terminals to predict their locations by means of known fixed positions (Sayed et al., 2005). Unfortunately, when localization is performed in indoor environments the accuracy is highly dependent on the wireless channel conditions since several error sources cause huge signal fluctuations detected at terminal level, severely decreasing the final location estimation accuracy (Della Rosa et al., 2010). Recently, in alternative to traditional methods, a new branch of positioning techniques has been developed: the Cooperative Mobile Positioning (Figueiras & Frattasi, 2010), which makes use of hybrid schemes and exploits the benefits in terms of accuracy of short-range measurements provided by the ad-hoc networks (Della Rosa, 2007).


The title d-seco limonoid, named 1,3,7-trideacetylkhivorin (systematic name: 14,15β:21,23-diepoxy-1α,3α,7α-trihydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-d-homo-24-nor-17-oxochola-20,22-diene-16-one), C26H36O7, was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae). The four fused six-membered rings adopt chair, chair, boat and half-chair conformations. The five-membered furan ring is disordered by a 180° rotation about the bond linking it to the pyran ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by strong classical O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions to form a network.


The wake fields due to the rough surface of the vacuum chamber have a major influence on the beam dynamics in linear colliders and free electron lasers. These wake fields mainly consists of the fundamental tube mode, modified by the rough boundary condition, which decreases its phase velocity to the speed of light. Its wavelength is proportional to the square root of the tube radius and the roughness depth and is comparable to the FEL bunch length, i.e. in the order of 10-30 micron. To study this effect with the beam available at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) the use of tubes with an artificially increased roughness is suggested. The expected pulse power of these wakes, caused by the 250 micron bunch carrying a charge of 1 nC, can reach up to several MW. In this paper a preliminary design of an installation of a surface roughness wake field experiment at the TESLA Test Facility is presented.


The paper presents an extended flow-insensitive pointer analysis algorithm used in statical buffer overflow analysis,which translates the control flow graph (CFG) into static single assignment(SSA),repeated calls a flow-insensitive pointer analysis and then generates precise point-to set for each pointer variable.Finally,it updates the constraint information in the define-use chain of pointer variable.The paper implements the algorithm in LLVM compiler system and measures the analysis result and times for a set of benchmark programs.The empirical results show that the result is as good as the flow-sensitive analysis but efficiency is higher than flow-sensitive analysis.


The evidence is reviewed that a single genetic system, the major histocompatibility locus in man, HL-A, determines most of the antigens measured by presently available leukocyte isoantisera, and also controls reactivity in one-way mixed leucocyte culture tests. Studies in 12 families are presented to support this conclusion. Some interesting exceptions to the general typing—MLC tests correlation are presented and discussed.


The present invention is made in a touch panel capable of preventing the pad portions contamination for the removal of the flexible printed circuit board pad portion formed when the light transparent adhesive layer melt paragraph number pad portion contamination and resulting that is induced for the touch panel development It relates to a process and method for a touch panel manufactured. One embodiment of the invention for this purpose comprises a first transparent electrode is formed, an upper substrate, a first transparent electrode laminated to the upper first light transparent adhesive layer, a second transparent electrode is formed, a lower substrate and a second transparent electrode laminated to the upper the second method of manufacturing a touch panel including a light transparent adhesive layer, a first light transparent adhesive layer is first cut with a laser by one interval for the second forming unit a flexible pad, for a printed circuit board for connection to the transparent electrode a first cutting step (S110) to be; Step in which the upper substrate are attached to each other by the second light transparent adhesive layer upper (S120); Step the cut first optical transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer to be attached to each other by the top board top (S130); As a second interval corresponding to the pad portion an upper substrate and a second light transparent adhesive layer attached to each other the second cutting step is cut by a laser (S140); And a; and the lower substrate is step (S150) that is cemented to the second optically transparent adhesion layer lower.


Discourse parsing is considered as one of the most challenging natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Implicit discourse relation clas-sification is the bottleneck for discourse parsing. Without the guide of explicit discourse connectives, the relation of sentence pairs are very hard to be inferred. This paper proposes a stacking neural network model to solve the classification problem in which a convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized for sentence modeling and a collaborative gated neural network (CGNN) is proposed for feature transformation. Our evaluation and comparisons show that the proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art systems.


A new scheme of a cascaded converter of the first harmonic of broadband cw laser radiation into the second harmonic (SH) with compensation for the group walk-off in cascades is proposed and investigated. The conditions under which high conversion coefficients of broadband (∼33 cm-1) single-mode fibre laser radiation with low peak power (∼300 W) into the SH are determined for frequency doublers based on the most promising LBO crystal. Conversion of cw radiation with an average power of 300 W and efficiency η = 4.5 % into the SH is obtained in a single LBO crystal. Effect of coherent addition of SH radiation excited in different cascades is demonstrated for two- and three-stage schemes. The expected conversion efficiencies, calculated disregarding loss but taking into account real aberrations of elements, are 18 % and 38 %, respectively. The effect of pumping depletion begins to manifest itself in the third cascade of a three-stage converter; it may reduce the latter value to ∼30 %.


Current middleware technology for ubiquitous computing connects mobile computers to services in the environment. This is often insufficient because it doesn't address the issue of services depending on other services. The DWARF framework offers a decentralized approach to configuring and coordinating interdependent services.


The objective of the study to evaluate two methods of incorporation of the enzyme phytase by comparing them to a basal diet and the method of increasing the supplementation of inorganic phosphorus in the diet, in search of a more effective way to mitigate the anti-nutritional factor phytic acid. Were observed performance characteristics of Isa Brown hens for 63 days trial period. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates of six birds. The birds received the treatments (diets): basal diet (BD), diet with defatted rice bran treated with phytase (DRBF), the traditional method of incorporation of dietary phytase untreated defatted rice bran phytase (MTF) and diet with defatted rice bran and without phytase (DRB). The methods of incorporating phytase in the diets did not significantly (P>0.05) broiler performance, both equivalent to the basal diet. The treatment of DRBF with phytase at 300 FTU kg-1 is effective, ie, treating only one ingredient of the diet with phytase onboard allows a smaller amount of phytase, while maintaining good performance. Therefore, methods involving phytase, regardless of method of incorporation, are indicated in the diet of laying hens.


The economic theory of optimal punishments states that the expected penalty for a crime ought to be equal (or at least proportional) to the social harm caused by the act. The Criminal Codes in both Canada and the United States allow for criminals to be penalized to a greater degree if they are a member of a gang. According to the economic theory, this would be optimal if either: 1) the social harm from a criminal act is greater for a gang member than for an independent criminal, or 2) the probability of conviction is lower for a gang member. We examine the extent to which both of these possibilities are true and use the findings to develop a (perhaps improved) definition of a gang. Classification-JEL K14, K42


The conversation in the text is an interesting research on Natural Language Processing. One of the text conversation tasks is to know the emotions of the people involved in the conversation. The conversation in social media like Twitter, Instagram, short message service, WhatsApp, and so on, often involves emotion. Somehow the comments are impulsive sentences that can stimulate emotions. Expressing emotions using text are rarely done and uncomfortable. However, with natural language technology development, expressing emotions using text can be succeeded with specific symbols. We call the specific symbols emojis. So many emojis can express emotions. This research proposes the emoji symbol as a character feature. We introduce the Emoji2Vec method and Long Short-term Memory with Attention. The Attention that is used has a complex topology. We compared the results of this study with the baseline model. The method we propose is better than the baseline model.


Taking into account specific feature of body of sight, it is difficult to pick up a combination of the medicinal substances which are carrying out combined function. At some diseases purpose of eye drops is shown long time. For this period there are by-effects. Creation of eye drops of the combined structure therefore is expedient. The purpose of the given work was studying and the analysis of the nomenclature of the combined eye drops of various therapeutic action for a substantiation of structure and development of technology of reception of a modern eye preparation.


We have studied in conscious unrestrained rats under basal conditions the effect of activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the paraventricular nucleus on vasopressin secretion and mean arterial blood pressure. The microinjection of oxotremorine (0.2, 2 or 20 ng), a specific muscarinic agonist, produced a substantial, dose‐dependent, transient increase in the plasma vasopressin concentration. There was also a rise in mean arterial blood pressure and a bradycardia that followed the same time‐course as the change in plasma vasopressin levels. The microinjection of nicotine (0.1, 1 or 10 HQ) into the paraventricular nucleus had only questionable effects on vasopressin release and mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate was unaffected. These findings suggest that muscarinic receptors may be of primary importance in the paraventricular nucleus in the Cholinergic stimulation of vasopressin release.


This paper discusses how speciication analysis and veriication techniques from VDM could be transferred to Z. It starts by comparing Z and VDM in terms of the mathematical and speciication notations they use. It explains the VDM approach to reasoning about speciications, as supported by the mural tool-set, and compares VDM's Logic of Partial Functions with the classical approach. Finally , it outlines VDM proof obligations for checking consistency and completeness of speciications, and brieey discusses some of the issues that would be involved in transferring such techniques to Z.


OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between gene (105) polymorphism of phase Ⅱ metabolizing enzymes glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 and susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer,and sensitivity to chemotherapy. METHODS:There were 204 cases of non-small cell lung cancer patients and the normal control persons,and by using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),the GSTP1 polymorphism was detected at 105 sites of DNA of peripheral blood of these cases. The 102 cases of non-small cell lung cancer patients chose NP chemotherapy,and the efficiency was evaluated two cycles after chemotherapy. RESULTS:Compared with A/A genotype,in the other two groups G/G and A/G genotype,GSTP1 105 distribution frequencies were of no statistically significant difference (P0.05). Compared with A/A genotype,in the sensitive group,G/G+A/G distribution frequency (46.47%) was higher than that in the non-sensitive group (21.43%),and there was a statistically significant difference (χ2=3.95,P0.05). Individuals with A/G or G/G allele,compared with patients with A/A genotype,were more sensitive to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS:There are no relevance between GSTP1 105 polymorphism and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. The sensitivity of NP chemotherapy in cases of non-small cell lung cancer with GSTP1 AG or GG genotype is higher than that of patients with AA genotype.


This paper presents a windows-based educational simulator with user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) for the education and training of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for mathematical optimization problems and economic dispatch (ED) applications. The main objective for developing the simulator is to provide information with the electrical engineering undergraduate students that the up-to-date artificial intelligent (AI) techniques including PSO are actively used in power system optimization problems. The simulator can be used as a lecturing tool to stimulate an interest in the power system engineering of the undergraduate students. The students can be more familiar with the optimization problems including power system ED problem through the iterative uses of the simulator. Also, they can increase understandings on PSO mechanism by the homework on the optimal design of several control parameters such as inertia weight, acceleration coefficients, and the number of population, etc. In the developed simulator, instructors and students can select the optimization functions and set the parameters that have an influence on PSO performance. The simulator is applied not only to mathematical optimization functions but also to economic dispatch (ED) problems with non-smooth cost functions, which is designed so that users can solve other mathematical functions through simple additional MATLAB coding.


Simple Summary The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of gga-miR-449b-5p on GC proliferation and steroidogenesis in laying hens. Our results showed that gga-miR-449b-5p had no effect on the proliferation of GCs, but regulated the expression of key genes involved in steroid synthesis and the secretion of P4 and E2. In addition, gga-miR-449b-5p could target IGF2BP3 and inhibit its mRNA and protein expression. Therefore, we concluded that gga-miR-449b-5p played an important role in the synthesis of steroid hormones in laying hens. Abstract MiRNAs have been found to be involved in the regulation of ovarian function as important post-transcriptional regulators, including regulators of follicular development, steroidogenesis, cell atresia, and even the development of ovarian cancer. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory role of gga-miR-449b-5p in follicular growth and steroid synthesis in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of laying hens through qRT-PCR, ELISAs, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays, which have been described in our previous study. We demonstrated that gga-miR-449b-5p was widely expressed in granulosa and theca layers of the different-sized follicles, especially in the granulosa layer. The gga-miR-449b-5p had no significant effect on the proliferation of GCs, but could significantly regulate the expression of key steroidogenesis-related genes (StAR and CYP19A1) (p < 0.01) and the secretion of P4 and E2 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Further research showed that gga-miR-449b-5p could target IGF2BP3 and downregulate the mRNA and protein expression of IGF2BP3 (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that gga-miR-449b-5p is a potent regulator of the synthesis of steroid hormones in GCs by targeting the expression of IGF2BP3 and may contribute to a better understanding of the role of functional miRNAs in laying hen ovarian development.


From an expounding of the pollution in chemical experiment and an analysis of its sources andproperties, the necessity to alleviate and eliminate the pollution is laid emphasis on. Several methods to realize anenvironmental turn of chemistry experiments are put forward.


The purpose of the study is to find a significance of the activation of sport and Community Developement through the analysis of the economic, social and political effect that an invitation of sport·events has in the Community. So the attraction of sport·events for the activation of the Community has a possibility of playing a role in the economic Developement of the Community. However, the activation of sport in the area and the Community Developement should be decided in consideration of the demand from the residents in the Community and various aspects of the area as the main body of the Community. Also, the operation and management system of the sport·events attracted by the Community, completion of facilities, arrangement of personnels and the relation with the central government have to be well established. Accordinggly, in any case, the sport·events should take up a position as part of activating sport and long-term plan of Community Developement and it should be the events familiar to the area that can not only invite all the residents in the Community but control them.


The importance of the studied problem is conditioned by the fact that the problem of psychological crisis and its solutions steadily attracts attention of both domestic and foreign researchers from various spheres of the scientific knowledge (psychology, philosophy, pedagogics, and sociology). However, the insufficient development of the psychological crisis concept in theoretical and, in particular, in the empirical aspect contradicts the high practical value of this problem when it comes to the psychological knowledge. The purpose of the article is to define the concept of psychological crisis. In our theoretical and empirical studies we assume that "experiencing psychological crisis" by the individual represents a complicated multidimensional phenomenon that develops depending on various circumstances of life. Possessing intrapersonal and social components within its structure, the phenomenon of psychological crisis has multiple interpretations and draws attention to investigations of both social and psychological factors, and personal matters that define the given phenomenon. Considering the multidimensional character of the studied object, the leading approach to the investigation of this problem is represented by the integrative interdisciplinary approach, based on contemporary domestic and foreign researches in the sphere of general, social and penitentiary psychology, cognitive science, mathematical psychology and other study concepts. The main goal of the article is to define the psychological crisis concept and to work out a methodological program for empirical study. The content of this article shall be useful when applying the empirical studies in the sphere of psychology of experiences. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s3p241


The utility model discloses a wet tissue used for wiping hands. The wet tissue used for wiping the hands is rectangular. The length ratio of the long side and the wide side is 6: 5. The shaped of the wet tissue used for wiping the hands corresponds to the ergonomics design principle. The length ratio is similar to the ratio of the length and the width of the hand, and therefore the wet tissue used for wiping the hands can be better attached to a palm in the process of utilization, the utilization efficiency of the wet tissue used for wiping the hands is greatly improved and waste is reduced.


Childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement (CALME) is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity of preand early puberty first described by Vargas et al. in 2005. Although CALME is not a rare lesion, it has been diagnosed for lipoma, fibroma, hamartoma, and fibrous hyperplasia according to the proportion of the histologic components. CALME is a siteand agespecific non-neoplastic physiologic growth response to hormone. Recognition of this distinctive entity is important to avoid surgical excision.


Promoting good reading habits among children is essential, given the enormous influence of reading on students' development as learners and members of the society. Unfortunately, very few (children) websites or online applications recommend books to children, even though they can play a significant role in encouraging children to read. Given that a few popular book websites suggest books to children based on the popularity of books or rankings on books, they are not customised/personalised for each individual user and likely recommend books that users do not want or like. We have integrated the matrix factorisation approach and the content-based approach, in addition to predicting the grade levels of books, to recommend books for children. Recent research works have demonstrated that a hybrid approach, which combines different filtering approaches, is more effective in making recommendations. Conducted empirical study has verified the effectiveness of our proposed children book recommendation system.


даже на показатели предыдущей лактации. Животным не обеспечиваются оптимальные условия для реали - зации генетического потенциала продуктивности. Основные причины – отсутствие ных по показателям удоя, несбалансированное кормление и неудовлетворительные условия содержание животных. of improvement of herds. A special place in solving this important problem is given to the Holstein breed. The article presents the analysis of the inheritance of the basic features that character ize milk production, namely the milk yield for 305 days of lactation, variability and heritability of the main selection charac - teristics, the dependence of the milk yield of the daughters of heifers on the productivity of mothers, correlative connection between characteristics of breeding. The material of the research was highly productive Holstein cows in the leading breeding reproducer of the Kaluga region. As a result of the research, the authors noted that the high genetic potential of animals in the herd there is no consolidation of animals in terms of milk yield. The following results of realization of productivity potential of these cows were established: 93 heads (or 83,0 %) in the second lactation increased milk yield in comparison with the first lactation by 400 kg and more of milk; 32 heads (or 42,7 %) in the third lactation reduced milk yield in comparison with the 2nd lactation; only 1 cow, or 1.3 % consistently reduced its yield from lactation to lactation. Thus, from 40 % to 53 % of cows with the 3rd last finished lactation not only did not realize their potential in the subsequent lactation, but did not even reach the previous lactation. Animals are not provided with optimal conditions for the realization of the genetic potential of productivity. The main reasons are the lack of selection or culling of animals in terms of milk yield, unbalanced feeding and poor conditions of animal welfare.


In this work, we successfully identified seismic events (observations of earthquakes) in seismograms using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In accordance with past (analogue) seismogram interpretations, we did not treat digital seismograms as a time series, as per the general method, but, rather, converted them into time snaps of continuous data flow. Multichannel seismograms were represented with a time-frequency domain in the form of multilayer images, with each signal channel forming one image layer. Images were then exposed to CNN (composed of three convolutional blocks whose architecture design was justified using Bayesian optimization). To improve reliability, we evaluated the posterior type function (PTP) as a combination of the probabilities of all of the considered classes of signal types (five in our case) which increased robustness of the identification. For data, we used records of acoustic emission (AE) events. The events were generated during laboratory loading experiments originally performed to study material/rock properties. As known, AE events may be studied in the same manner as natural earthquakes and treated in other ways as laboratory earthquake models. AE events are less complex compared to natural earthquakes where many of the physical parameters are known or may be controlled. Based on our results, we concluded that the successful identification of AE events is a necessary step prior to applying the proposed methodology for identifying natural earthquakes in seismograms.


We consider the problem of a body moving within an incompressible fluid at constant speed parallel to a wall, in an otherwise unbounded domain. We give a detailed description of the asymptotic behavior on the fluid flow in a half-space using as a starting point the theory of existence of solutions which is obtained by interpreting the coordinate perpendicular to the wall as time variable.


To date, water-based ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is just regarded as a kind of electroactive material, whereas humidity is traditionally regarded as a disadvantageous factor, the change of which negatively influences the performance of the IPMC. However, the deformation of the IPMC is greatly sensitive to ambient humidity, and can be enhanced dramatically by changing the humidity. In this study, a novel actuation mode is proposed to control the deformation behavior of IPMC by employing moisture as an independent or collaborative incentive source together with the electric field. The deformation is continuously recorded under electric field and electric field-moisture coupling stimulus. These results are consistent with the view that the bending properties of the IPMC are a result of the balance of osmotic pressure and electrostatic stress in the membrane, which is greatly dependent on the change of humidity. Therefore, development of the coupling-drive mode is of great significance for the guidance of material design and application for the IPMC.


Abstract : In this report, we describe a statistical model for characterizing the closely spaced object (CSO) resolution process. A logic for CSO clustering which simulates the CSO detection process is given. Measurement standard deviations for isolated targets, resolved CSO's, and unresolved CSO's are given. Results of this report are useful for functional simulation and performance analysis for the CSO resolution problem.


Seismic: related to an earthquake or earth vibration Because they are the consequence of tectonic motions, earthquakes cannot be controlled or easily predicted; we can only analyse the intensity and frequency of earthquakes statistically (for more information, see Latchman, 2009). For a given region, the expected intensity of earthquakes is inversely proportional to their frequency of occurrence: minor earthquakes are more frequent than strong ones. Although we cannot escape earthquakes, we can resist them, for example by designing earthquake-proof – or anti-seismic – buildings. An earthquake is a ground motion characterised by oscillations in three dimensions; the effects of this motion on buildings can be considerable. Earthquakes cause buildings to move very rapidly; the building's mass multiplied by the acceleration caused by the earthquake produces very large forces, as described by Newton's second law of motion (force = mass x acceleration). Because houses and other common structures are designed to support their own Im ge cortesy of he G lbal Sism ic H aard Pgram


In this study, dried aerial parts of Sideritis phrygia Bornm., Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr., Sideritis brevibracteata P. H. Davis, Sideritis bilgerana P. H. Davis and Sideritis hispida P. H. Davis, collected from different regions of Turkey, were investigated the essential oil compositions obtained by hydrodistillation and they were analyzed by using GC-MS/MS. The main compounds in the essential oils of five Sideritis species were found as follows : caryophyllene oxide (11.4%), limonene (10.6%) and p -cymene (10.1%) in S. phrygia; β - caryophyllene (32.8%), germacrene D (10.7%) and (E) -β-farnesene (10.0%) in S. pisidica ;  β - caryophyllene (43.1%), germacrene D (10.6%) and α-cadinene (10.3%) in S. brevibracteata ; α-cadinol (28.1%), α-cadinene (11.0%) and undecane (8.5%) in S. bilgerana ; α-cadinol (41.1%), α-cadinene (13.3%) and β - caryophyllene (5.0%) in S. hispida .


In this study, we demonstrate the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of Al2O3 and Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics, using a probe-backside reflection (PBR) method, at frequencies range up to 320 GHz. The impact of transmission loss on the dielectric properties was first eliminated from the measured S-parameter values using the original S-parameter values of a transmission line. Although the temperature coefficient of dielectric permittivity was uncertain owing to limitations in the measurement repeatability of the PBR method, those of loss tangents of Al2O3 and Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics were calculated as 2.8 × 10−5 K−1 and 1.1 × 10−4 K−1, respectively, for frequencies up to 125 GHz. Furthermore, the temperature coefficient of the dielectric permittivity of Al2O3 was calculated as 691 ppm K−1 at 255 GHz, while those of the dielectric loss tangent at 235 GHz and 275 GHz was calculated as 1.2 × 10−5 K−1 and 1.5 × 10−5 K−1, respectively.


Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is one of the major diseases threatening faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production and limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. The yield losses reach up to 100% on susceptible cultivars. Although a number of faba bean varieties with good yield potential have been released, their reaction to this major disease and yield performance are little understood in western Ethiopia. Thus, chocolate spot severity on 14 improved faba bean varieties and one local cultivar were tested under natural infections at Guduru district in Horro Guduru Wollega zone of western Ethiopia. The experimental site was located at longitude 36 o 39'28.8"-37 o 40'11.2"E and latitude 9 o 9'24.6"-10 o 20'59.9"N with altitudes range from of 1500-2450m and annual range of rainfall 900mm-2000mm with temperature range of 15 o C -25 o C as well as 262km distance from Addis Ababa capital city of Ethiopia. The field experiments consisted of 15 treatments (14 varieties and a local cultivar) are laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2017/18 crop season. The data were analyzed by SAS computer software version 9.1.3. The onset and progress of chocolate spot severity was assessed (with a 1-9 scale) and yield and yield components were recorded and statistically analysed. The varieties varied significantly (P < 0.05) in disease severity, grain yield, pod per plant, plant height and hundred seed weight. Degaga, Gora, Bulga-70 and Holeta-02 varieties were exhibited moderate to lower resistance to chocolate spot disease, whereas, Mesay, local cultivar and Kasa varieties were highly susceptible to chocolate spot disease.  The yield performance of Gora and Degaga were also superior at the study area 993.33kg/ha and 941.83kg/ha, respectively and thus, are recommended for faba bean production in western Ethiopia. The effect of chocolate spot disease on yield and yield components from coefficient determination of linear regression show that grain yield was more stressed by disease than other yield components. Generally, the study indicated that improved faba bean varieties reacted differently to chocolate spot disease. Keywords: Botrytis fabae, yield, disease severity, Vicia faba.


The Marketing Mix of Ornamental Plants at CV. Kumala Dewata in theSub-District of Western Denpasar, City of Denpasar The marketing mix is a combination of four variables that are the core of thecompany's marketing system consisting of : product, price, distribution, andpromotion. The aim of the research is to determine the marketing mix ofornamental plants on the CV. Kumala Dewata and the constraints found in themarketing activities. The research location was selected intentionally (purposively).The data types include primary and secondary data. The data were collected byobservation, in-depth interview, and documentation study. Data were analyzeddescriptively and qualitatively. Based on the research results, it was found that themarketing mix carried out by the company on the products, namely : market avariety of ornamental plants in the landscape project to suit the consumers'demands, guarantee the plants and is responsible for information and theconsumers' complaints. Pricing used the cost approach and frequent discounts.Pricing for landscape projects and maintenance uses the cost approach. Paymentsby cash and credit. Distribution of products is conducted directly. Servicedistribution is done by approaching the consumers. Marketing areas include hotels,villas, and restaurants scattered in the Province of Bali. Distribution of facilitiesuses a pick-up car. Promotions use personal sales through ACE organization inBali. The obstacles faced, namely the damage of ornamental plants, the increase infuel prices, a shortage of labor, delayed working process, the limited use ofmethods of promotion, the noisy atmosphere made by the outsourcing staffs and theequipments that led to complaints from the hotel guests, capital limitation in theprovision of agricultural lands, and the expenditure was more spent for equipmentthat did not achieve the economic life.


Example embodiments disclosed when the power headroom PH reporting the carrier aggregation method and apparatus relates to wireless communications, and for solving the physical uplink on terminals that support different carrier groups corresponding to different uplink control channel PUCCH carrier of the present invention, how PH problems reported. In the present invention, each terminal needs to report uplink carriers multiple uplink carriers for transmission of the PUCCH PH generates a type and a Type1 the Type2 PH PH; PH need to be reported for other uplink carrier transmission of the PUCCH each uplink carrier outside, generates a Type1 PH, and the resulting each Type1 PH and Type2 PH, reported in the current uplink sub-frame to the network side. The present invention solves the above problems.


The study examined inflation targeting –economic growth nexus in Nigeria, with the aim of imbibing the useful lessons and avoiding the pitfalls from cross-country experiences. The study employed descriptive approach to the study with data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of various issues. Previous study was also consulted to enrich the work. The most salient observations from the study include first: all the countries that adopted inflation targeting recorded a reduced inflation figure and improved economic growth after adopting inflation targeting than before the adoption. Second, Nigeria is absent from the list of countries that have adopted inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework, while South Africa and Ghana are the only countries in Africa that have adopted inflation targeting. Based on the observations some recommendations were made, mostly the need for the monetary authorities in Nigeria to adopt and implement fully the framework considering the harmful and suicidal effect of inflation on economic growth and investment on the economy.


Abstract An algorithm for the interpolation of data on a colatitude–longitude grid is presented. The method employs periodic tensor product cubic basis splines (B splines) and requires no special assumptions about function derivatives at the poles. The algorithm provides significantly more accurate results than aperiodic interpolants, with only a small increase in the total number of floating point operations. The method is implemented in a semi-Lagrangian advection algorithm and a comparison is made to two other methods (spectral finite difference and cubic Lagrange semi-Lagrangian) for the advecting cone problem on a spherical shell. The B-spline solution provides the best results for shape-preservation of the original field. The cubic Lagrange solution has relatively poor mass conservation but better shape preservation than the spectral finite difference.


The work is devoted to the problem of constructing information-measuring systems for indoor positioning in the failure or limited availability of satellite navigation data. A model is proposed for estimating the position of an object using Bluetooth sensor data, based on the classic representations of rangefinder beacons systems. When designing a measuring system, this makes it possible to determine the specific errors while estimating the coordinates of an object. This paper presents numerical examples of the accuracy of positioning the object in typical navigation situations. It is shown that the achievable accuracy of determining the coordinates of an object is 1-2m, which is enough for traditional tasks of indoor navigation.


We analyze patterning and morphogenetic events during somitogenesis in hecate mutant embryos, which exhibit early axis induction defects. The posterior region, in the absence of a dorsal axis, is capable of forming organized gene expression patterns. The aberrant morphogenesis of mutant embryos is associated with anteriorly directed cell movements, underlying the enveloping layer, from the posterior region. In both wild‐type and mutant embryos, these changes result in an accumulation of cells, whose location correlates with a constriction in the posterior yolk cell, which in the wild‐type corresponds to the yolk extension. The region encompassing the constriction corresponds to a region of expression of zangptl2 in the yolk syncytial layer, which expands anteriorly together with the anteriorly migrating tail bud–derived cell population. Our data indicate that yolk extension formation is associated with coordinated changes involving the anterior migration of cells from the posterior region, changes in surface cellular layers, and inductive gene expression events in the YSL. Developmental Dynamics 235:2749–2760, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Kajal Rai Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Email: firstname.lastname@example.com M. Syamala Devi Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Ajay Guleria System Manager, Computer Center, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Email: email@example.com -----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a defense measure that supervises activities of the computer network and reports the malicious activities to the network administrator. Intruders do many attempts to gain access to the network and try to harm the organization's data. Thus the security is the most important aspect for any type of organization. Due to these reasons, intrusion detection has been an important research issue. An IDS can be broadly classified as Signature based IDS and Anomaly based IDS. In our proposed work, the decision tree algorithm is developed based on C4.5 decision tree approach. Feature selection and split value are important issues for constructing a decision tree. In this paper, the algorithm is designed to address these two issues. The most relevant features are selected using information gain and the split value is selected in such a way that makes the classifier unbiased towards most frequent values. Experimentation is performed on NSL-KDD (Network Security Laboratory Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining) dataset based on number of features. The time taken by the classifier to construct the model and the accuracy achieved is analyzed. It is concluded that the proposed Decision Tree Split (DTS) algorithm can be used for signature based intrusion detection.


We have taken a set of well-understood algorithms and combined them in a commercial application: train-spotting. An autonomous train-spotting system requires expertise in active vision, tracking and model-based recognition. Results are demonstrated from real image sequences showing that BARRY can indeed perform its task satisfactorily for many hours without the sustenance that human spotters require ((asks of hot tea, sandwiches etc.). The maximum train velocity is at present limited, but we demonstrate theoretically that the system could in principle operate with trains travelling at relativistic speeds, with obvious application to future space-based spotting.


The rocky intertidal zone around the city of Mar del Plata (SW Atlantic, 38° S–57° W) is characterized by dense mussel beds of Brachidontes rodriguezii. This intertidal community develops on natural and artificial hard substrates, including abrasion platforms in sewage-impacted areas. A monitoring program, designed to assess the effect of sewage discharge on intertidal macrobenthic communities, has been conducted since 1997. During the spring season of 2008, a new spionid polychaete (Boccardia proboscidea) was found near the sewage outfall, forming large biogenic reefs. This is the first report of biogenic reefs being built by a non reef-forming spionid polychaete in areas organically impacted by sewage discharges. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spatial–temporal dynamics (% cover and density of B. proboscidea) of these reefs. These biogenic reefs covered almost the entire impacted site, reaching a density of 650,000 ind·m−2. This phenomenon is unique in that there is no other record available worldwide of any other biogenic polychaete reefs that could be sewage-induced. The presence and stability of these biogenic reefs is discussed in relation to increased organic contamination as a structuring factor.


The COVID-19 disease constitutes a global health contingency. This disease has left millions people infected, and its spread has dramatically increased. This study proposes a new method based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and temporal Component Transformation (CT) called CNN–CT. This method is applied to confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. The CT changes daily predictions and observations to weekly components and vice versa. In addition, CNN–CT adjusts the predictions made by CNN using AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES) methods. This combination of strategies provides better predictions than most of the individual methods by themselves. In this paper, we present the mathematical formulation for this strategy. Our experiments encompass the fine-tuning of the parameters of the algorithms. We compared the best hybrid methods obtained with CNN–CT versus the individual CNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), ARIMA, and ES methods. Our results show that our hybrid method surpasses the performance of LSTM, and that it consistently achieves competitive results in terms of the MAPE metric, as opposed to the individual CNN and ARIMA methods, whose performance varies largely for different scenarios.


RiskMinds concluded for PwC on Thursday, December 5, with Eduardo Viegas' presentation on regulations and their true impact on financial markets. He spoke about how it is conventional wisdom that financial markets regulation shapes the structure of the markets and as a consequence, regulation should be a key input in driving a bank's strategy. However, according to research that Eduardo has conducted, he showed that the structure of the markets is driven by fundamentals that are inherent to any market system. As a result, he argues that whereas regulation is important from a tactical perspective, it bears little relevance over the long term market evolution. He also provided a comprehensive analysis of the rationale and benefits of the banking mergers and acquisitions in the US, challenging some of the conventional assumptions.


Continuous filament glass fibre is used in the manufacture of glass yarn and textile products. It is made from either alkali or alkali-free glass. The main ingredients of alkali glass are sand, lime, dolomite, and soda ash; for alkali-free glass no raw materials containing alkali are used, and boric acid is an additional major constituent. There are two methods of manufacture, (a) The glass is fed straight to the fibre-forming furnaces from a direct melt tank; or (b) it is made into solid glass marbles which are fed to the furnaces. The description which follows is confined to the manufacture of continuous filament by the latter process using alkali-free marbles.


The organic manures are the backbone of pesticide free food products and also the same is the culprit to transmit the antibiotics to food chain. The maximum concentrations of Oxytetracycline (OTC), Enrofloxacin (ENRO) and Chlorotetracycline (CTC) in poultry litter were 183 mg kg-1, 83 mg kg-1 and 726 mg kg-1, respectively and 72 mg kg-1, 52 mg kg-1 and 133 mg kg-1 in cowdung, respectively. During the composting process period, the antibiotics viz., OTC, ENRO, CTC were noticed in decreasing trend. The matured poultry manure recorded the OTC, ENRO and CTC concentration of 22, 18 and 162 mg kg-1, respectively whereas the vermicompost recorded the OTC, ENRO and CTC concentration of 12, 10 and 32 mg kg-1, respectively. From the present investigation, the poultry manure recorded more quantity of antibiotics viz., OTC, ENRO and CTC. It is also concluded that the composting process had significant reduction of antibiotic concentration compared to raw materials.


Resting state provides an important condition to study depressogenic cognition because neuropsychological studies have indicated that rest is associated with heightened self-related processing. We examined relationships between rest-related internal focus, cognitive reactivity (vs. mindfulness), rumination, and negative mood outside the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner in an undergraduate sample (N = 80). We tested a theory-based effect by which, in the presence of cognitive risk (vs. protective) factors, internal focus lowers mood via ruminative self-focus. Such an effect was detected in individuals with high cognitive reactivity, whereas brooding showed only an incremental effect. However, this dynamic was not significant in individuals with low cognitive reactivity, despite the level of brooding, or high mindfulness. These results provide an important window on risk for depressogenic thought during resting state.


Compared with the method of crustal and engineering deformation monitoring,GPS possess outstanding advantages in continuity,real time and automation state. This paper analyzes the application of GPS in many fields,which including geodymatics and earthquake,landslides,deformation of dam,deformation and subsidence of building on the land and sea,ground subsidence of resource mining area, developing a single receiver-multiantanna technology for GPS monitoring. GPS has a wide outlook in crustal and engineering deformation monitoring.


The following case was presented by a trainee general practitioner, working in inner London, to her release course for discussion. It is told, as it was presented, in the immediate aftermath of the events described. The names and some of the details have been altered.


Synchrotron x-ray radiation was used to study structural changes during deformation of a single high-modulus, high-strength fiber of polyethylene (Spectra 1000, Allied Corp.) 20–40 μm in diameter. The high brightness of the synchrotron beam allowed x-ray diffraction patterns to be obtained from 0.5 μg fiber samples in ca. 1 min. The (002) chain axis reflection shifted and broadened when the fiber was loaded in tension. When a model of crystals and disordered material in series was used for the fiber, the measured lattice strain at stresses up to 1 GPa gave a crystal modulus of 250 GPa. At stresses above 1 GPa the (002) reflection no longer shifted with increasing load. A noncrystalline part of the material deforms and takes up the load; this effect has been observed by Raman spectroscopy. The (002) peak also broadens under stress. When fiber bundles were used as samples, broadening could be due to uneven loading of fibers, but with a single fiber sample, one can be sure that the loading at the fiber level is uniform. Broadening of the (002) reflection then indicates inhomogeneities within the fiber. Deconvolution with the line profile of the fiber at zero stress should give the distribution of crystal strains. The strain distributions are symmetric and during loading the full width at half maximum (fwhm) is approximately equal to the mean strain. With an assumed constant crystal modulus this describes the stress distribution as extending from zero to twice the mean stress.


Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med 2015; 17: 405–24. 3 Kumar S. Molecular modeling and identification of substrate binding site of orphan human cytochrome P450 4F22. Bioinformation 2011; 7: 207–10. 4 Ohno Y, Nakamichi S, Ohkuni A et al. Essential role of the cytochrome P450 CYP4F22 in the production of acylceramide, the key lipid for skin permeability barrier formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 112: 7707–12. 5 Sugiura K, Takeichi T, Tanahashi K et al. Lamellar ichthyosis in a collodion baby caused by CYP4F22 mutations in a non-consanguineous family outside the Mediterranean. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72: 193–5.


The paper proposes a hybrid image compression scheme which combines the resolution advantage of fractal image compression and the computational simplicity of motion vector compensation method. By experimenting on video conference image sequences, the block sizes and quantization are optimized, and performance factors are evaluated. With such images, the scheme can provide a compression ratio up to 70 while retaining excellent picture quality.


This paper deals with human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) issues related to the design and use of online and distance learning environments. The field of HF/E deals with the interaction of performance and design. There is ample evidence from differential learning research that the preponderance of variability in learning is attributable to how the learning environment is designed. Thus, the HF/E concern with online and distance learning (ODL) environments is how the design of ODL interfaces, environments, and technologies can be improved to benefit student learning and educational system performance. Answers to this question remain controversial and poorly defined. The advent of ODL communities---virtual or remote classrooms that support teaching at a distance with no direct contact between teacher and student---has introduced a new domain of system and interface design features, problems, and issues whose influence on student learning and educational system performance is largely not understood from a practical perspective, and largely unexplored from a research perspective. This report will address this topic from a number of different perspectives, related to: (1) characterization of the field of educational ergonomics, concerned with how educational design influences learning performance; and (2) application of educational ergonomic findings and principles for designing online and distance educational interfaces, environments, technologies, and systems. The report will provide a better understanding of how the design of online and distance learning systems influences educational performance, and of how to design online and distance learning environments to benefit learning and educational systems performance.


In this paper we estimate a Vector Autoregressive Model of Money and Relative Prices in Brazil. The variables included in the model are the Money Supply (M1), the agricultural component of the Wholesale Price lndex and the industrial component of the same index. A thirteen lag structure is estimated and exogeneity tests as well as innovation accounting are performed. The most important empirical regularities observed in these series are the following: monetary shocks have important impacts on relative prices and inflation; agricultural and industrial shocks lead to increases in inflation but they are usually smaller than the monetary shocks.


The time‐lagged effect of summer soil moisture (SM) on ensuing winter climate in eastern China is examined. The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) in early winter (November) and associated air temperature over eastern China are shown to significantly correlate with the previous summer (June–August) SM in eastern China with a center located at the lower reaches of the Yellow River (LRYR). The positive anomalies of summer SM, persisting for a few months, may act as a buffer to defer the ground cooling of eastern China in early winter mainly through modulating thermal capacity. And the warmer ground of eastern China could lead to a warmer air temperature above the ground through direct land–air interactions and through indirectly adjusting the EAWM which is sensitive to the land–sea thermal contrast. These results provide an empirical predictor for the EAWM and for the variability of air temperature over eastern China in early winter. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society


IUU Fishing is a global issue in the world of fisheries, especially in Indonesian waters. The factors that cause IUU Fishing in Indonesian often occur are inseparable from the statement that Indonesian has potential and a strategic environtment in the global world, especially the condition of fisheries in other countries that have sea borders and fishery management systems in Indonesian. Factors causing IUU Fishing include the need for increased world fish demand, disparities in world fish prices, and overfishing. Losses experienced as a result of IUU Fishing in Indonesian can have social, economic, political and environmental impacts. In order to realize security in the marine and fisheries sector, orderly and uphold the law and human rights, it's necessary to have efforts prevent and combat IUU Fishing, namely efforts to prevent, and take action.


Objective:To investigate the healthy status of in rural married women at child-bearing-age in Xianan Distric,and accumulate clinical data for prevention and control for gynaecological diseases.Methods:From June 2009 to December 2010,a free general survey on incidence of ynaecological diseases was performed to rural married women at child-bearing-age in Xianan District.And all patients with gynaecological diseases were treated with voluntary and preferential therapy.Results:A total of 40 743 women participated in the survey.Census rate was 43.46%.And it found 30 500 patients with gynaecological diseases,and the detection rate was 74.86%.Vaginitis,cervicitis,hyperplasia of mammary glands,ovarian tumour and hysteromyoma had the highest incidence.The difference in detection rate was significant among patients with different gynaecological diseases and different age(all P0.01).A total of 24 042 patients preferred to the treatment,with treatment rate as 78.83%.Conclusions:The prevalence of gynaecological disease in rural married women is high,while the diagnosis rate and treatment rate are low in Xianan District.In order to lower the prevalence rate,it is important to conduct reproductive health education,raise women's consciousness for self-care,establish scientific workflow and executive procedure for general survey and treatment of gynaecological disease.


In this paper, we qualitatively compare variations in ocean conditions with recruitment variations of several commercially important marine fish. We demonstrate that strong shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns occurred in the late 1970s. These changes in the atmosphere resulted in warmer winter ocean conditions in the early 19805. In the Bering Sea, shifts in ocean temperature appear to be linked to the location and intensity of the Aleutian Low pressure cell and may have origins in EI Niiio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events which exhibit strong extra-tropical effects. The late 1970s shift in ocean conditions appears to be initiated by the moderate 1976 ENSO event. Many stocks in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea exhibited strong year classes during the transition period between cool and warm ocean conditions from 1976 to 1978. Several explanations for this increase in the production of marine fish are presented. INational Marine Fisheries Service 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, W A 98115 INTRODUCTION In the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, sea surface temperature (SST) of coastal waters over the continental shelf and slope oscillate between periods of warm and cool conditions of 6 to 12 year duration (Hollowed and Wooster 1992). In the Gulf of Alaska the periods of warm near-surface ocean conditions appear to be associated with an eastward displacement and intensification of the Aleutian Low and downwelling in coastal waters (Emery and Hamilton 1985; Wooster and Hollowed, in review). The origin of these large-scale shifts in ocean temperature has been linked to two mechanisms: EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (Niebauer 1983; Hamilton 1988; Wooster and Hollowed, in review) and the luni-solar tidal cycles (Royer 1993). In the mid-l 970s, an ENSO event coincided with the maximum rate-of-change in the lum-solar tide cycle, during the same period winter SSTs in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska changed from "cold" to "warm" (Wooster and Hollowed, in review). In this paper, we describe the potential connection between this recent shift in atmospheric conditions and observed changes in ocean conditions in the Bering Sea. We also speculate on


The title compound, C2H8N+·C10H11N2O5 −, is a highly toxic herbicide known as dinoseb. The sec-butyl group is disordered [occupancy ratio 0.828 (3):0.172 (3)], while the nitro group in the 6 position is twisted by 25° with respect to the ring plane. Pairs of –O−⋯H—N+—H⋯−O– bridges between phenolic O atoms generate eight-membered hydrogen-bonded rings.


How do cultural contexts affect the formation and development of mobilizing frames in collective actions?Will a successful mobilizing frame have an impact on the cultural contexts?This paper tries to answer these questions.To understand the specific mechanisms of cultural contextual influences on thedesignation and adjustment of mobilizing frames,the"Anti-XRL"movement in Hong Kong was selected in the paper as it had gone through significant frame changes.In the two stages of the movement,two mobilizing frames were used,each with different "resource"elements from its respective cultural contexts,which led to different mobilizing outcomes.The findings indicated that the frame changes originated from the social movement leaders' strategic selection,reflecting the subtle relationships between the mobilizing frames and the macro-cultural contexts in which the movement was embedded.More specifically,the mobilizing frame during the first stage utilized the marginal values of the cultural context but the outcome was not good.During the second stage,the leaders made strategic adjustments of the mobilizing frame,moving it closer to the mainstream values in the cultural context,which led to a breakthrough.When the mobilization became successful,the social movement leaders brought the marginal values back into the mobilizing frame.With the movement expanding,so did the marginal values and they even remained influential after the movement was over and restored the original cultural context.In addition,the competition between the mobilizing frame and other"counter-movement"frames manifested the cultural contextual impact on the framing of the social movement.


Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore – 632 115. Tamilnadu, INDIA Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638 401. Tamilnadu, India Corresponding Author e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Two new copper(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)(L-Ser)(Sc)]NO3 (1), [Cu(bpy)(LSer)(Sc)]NO3 (2) [L-ser = L-serine, Sc = semicarbazide, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl), were prepared and fully characterized using elemental analyses, electronic, FT-IR and EPR spectrum. The complexes (1 & 2) bind to calf-thymus DNA (CTDNA) revealed by UV-vis spectral, thermal denaturation, fluorescence spectral, viscosity and cyclic voltammetry methods. The obtained results indicated that binding activities of complex 1 to DNA was intercalatative mode and complex 2 to DNA was partial intercalative mode, also complexes 1 and 2 binding with supercoiled pBR322 DNA was observed.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been envisioned as a promising multiple access technique for 5G and beyond wireless networks due to its significant enhancement of spectral efficiency. In this paper, we investigate a robust energy efficiency design for multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) NOMA systems, where the imperfect channel state information is available at the base station (BS). A clustering algorithm is applied to group the users into different clusters, and then, the NOMA technique is employed to share the available resources fairly among the users in each cluster. To remove the interference between clusters, two different types of zero-forcing (ZF) designs, namely, hybrid-ZF and full-ZF, are employed at the BS. The full-ZF scheme completely removes the interference leakage at the cost of more number of antennas, and the hybrid-ZF scheme partially mitigates the interference leakage. To solve the problem, Dinkelbach's algorithm is employed to convert the non-linear fractional programming problem into a simple subtractive form. Finally, simulation results reveal that hybrid-ZF outperforms the full-ZF scheme with a few clusters, while full-ZF shows a better performance with higher number of clusters. Numerical results confirm that our proposed robust scheme outperforms the non-robust scheme in terms of the rate-satisfaction ratio at each user.


Public transportation fuel consumption modeling shows a great importance because of economic and environmental aspects. Considering to the metropolises with millions of inhabitants with circulating thousands of buses that uses intercity lines, its importance is becoming vital in planning both operation of transportation company and city mobility planning. In this context a detailed fuel consumption modelling approach for public transportation buses was used for vehicle fuel consumption assessment during operation. The methodology was developed with IPG TruckMaker + AVL Cruise co-simulation environment following instantaneous speed, load and 3-D road data primarily besides model parameters. The model was validated at one of the most important public transportation axle of the world, Istanbul Metrobus System, at two direction which carries over ~1 million passenger daily in 24 hours operation with petrol engine buses. The comparison simulation/measurements showed that the proposed fuel consumption model is accurate and can predict fuel consumption behavior for public transit buses in a reliable band. In addition, this methodology can be used to investigate various powertrain and operating scenarios near future for more efficient public transportation with high reliability.


A visit to the New Acropolis Museum in Athens, Greece, in late June 2010 set in train a number of questions and inspired a research project to begin to unravel something of the complex relationship between ancient and modern architecture on the Athenian Acropolis. Research was guided by the question: how does the contemporary museum, designed by Swiss born architect Bernard Tschumi in collaboration with local Greek architect Michalis Photiadis relate to the ancient Acropolis and the fifth century BC Parthenon, whose sculptures it was to house? A critical literature review was augmented by design analysis and field experience. This paper documents the resulting critical thematic investigations of the Parthenon, the Acropolis and the New Museum through siting, materiality and light, alignment, visual connections, through exploitation of the unique Attic light, orchestrated movement and considered juxtapositions. Research has revealed that Tschumi's deliberate strategy of creating a dialogue between his building and the ancient monuments holds the key to his design intent, to creatively exploring contemporary architecture at the edge of such a physically and culturally dominant ancient plateau.


The ability to colonize distant organs which is lethal has made metastatic breast cancer become the top ten causes of mortality worldwide. Specialized actin-rich protrusions termed invadopodia were thought to be formed by highly invasive cells to degrade the extracellular matrix to drive cancer invasion and metastasis. Identification of compound(s) to hinder the formation ofinvadopodia is important to resist the metastasis of breast cancer as well as to yield antimetastasis targeted therapy. The current review aims to provide new insights on cancer invasion and candidate compound(s) capable to disrupt invadopodia formation and invadopodia-related proteins.


The present paper aims at introducing some methods and measures to conserve and maintain the specimens of the living things so as to reduce wastage and to ensure that they are beautiful and practical.


Two-dimensional phase unwrapping (2D-PU) is a key processing step for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and it plays an important role in InSAR data processing. For the phase unwrapping (PU) problem, many scholars began to consider using the deep learning (DL) technology in the field of artificial intelligence. By accumulating InSAR PU processing experience through DL, the learning-based PU method can surpass the traditional PU algorithm sometimes. Therefore, this article designs a mask-cuts (MCs) deployment network based on DL, which is named MCNet, and the PU method based on this network is also known as MCNet-PU. First, the residues images and its corresponding MCs images are obtained by using the traditional MC method as the training data and testing data. Second, the relationship between residues and MCs is learned through the training of the self-built MCNet. Then, the trained MCNet is used to obtain the MCs corresponding to the interferogram to be unwrapped. Finally, the unwrapped result is obtained by phase integration using the traditional flood fill method. Compared with the traditional MC method, MCNet does not need to use the quality map to guide the deployment of the MCs, nor does it need to refine the MCs, and it can make the deployment of the MCs more accurate. Experiments on simulated and real InSAR data show that the MCNet-PU method can improve the phase unwrapping success ratio (PUSR) by about 4%–15%, which shows the effectiveness of the method.


The water loss to the air from a natural pond in which hydrophytes are growing consists of two parts, evaporation and transpiration. As both parts vary directly with the same meteorologic factors, the total loss, evapotranspiration, can be computed by means of a simplified mass transfer equation in which the only coefficient has been evaluated for that pond by means of a water budget. In addition to the variation with meteorologie factors, transpiration occurs at different rates throughout the growing season, depending on the stage of growth. Evaporation is affected by the amount of vegetation present. The mass transfer coefficient varies in accordance with these conditions. By assuming that the coefficient during the dormant season represents losses by evaporation alone, a basis is obtained for estimating the coefficient representing evaporation during the growing season. The computed evapotranspiration minus the computed evaporation gives the water loss attributed to transpiration alone. (Key words: Hydrophytes; evapotranspiration; lakes; North Dakota)


This article, based on an introduction and analysis of two language teaching reports about the same teaching material from some Japanese primary schools, aims to explore the feasibility of such a teaching mode as involving students' participation in our classroom activities. It has further pointed out the necessity to develop students' language skill and their cultural attainments. and finally it stresses the importance and urgency of embodying humanism in our future Japanese teaching.


Hair accessories include (a) a substrate having a hair-holding surface configured for holding hair, and a structural surface; and (b) a layer provided on at least a portion of the hair-holding surface, wherein the layer contains a plurality of flocked fibers. Methods of manufacturing hair accessories are described.


The injection of solutions of salt into man and animals by the sub-cutaneous or intravenous route has in recent years become a common practice. In many cases the procedure is followed by fever, as was shown in man by Kottmann (1) and by Schaps (2). If distilled water alone be injected in large quantities the same accident may happen, as shown (3) by E. Bergmann in 1868. In 1910 the injection of small quantities of water into animals was found (4) to have the same effect. The cause, however, of what are known as "water fever" and "salt fever" has till recently (5) not been satisfactorily explained, though many theories have been advanced.


This investigation was accomplished by the question paper and analyzed its contents. It can be summarize like below. 1. Compare the before generation, gradually the rate of religious population was lower. 2. In this tendency, the younger generation who take possession of the Christian charged higher percentage. 3. About the ceremony of ancestor worship, the large percentage women wanted a memorial ceremony. 4. The large percentage women consulted a fortuneteller and prayed good fortune in this present age. 5. Among the 223 women, 23 percent of the investigated women were experienced several religions. 6. Also 12 percent of the investigated women prayed for world peace. 7. 7 women wished concerted religions.


This objective thinks about is to be survey the issues required of web security and digital wrongdoing or crime. Obviously, this had a Catch since the mechanical advances made in both of programming and equipment to expanded web safety efforts are additionally accessible to digital offenders who instantly utilization of them to balance these proportions of digital wrongdoing. A Marvels, Difficulties and Lawful Reaction are to be help nations in understanding the legitimate parts of digital security and to help orchestrate lawful systems. Digital wrongdoings and Crimes have advanced into genuine danger and appropriate enactment and indictment is seriously expected to battle them. Digital crime enactment is continually lingering behind those quickly developing mechanical advances which are utilized by the crooks and in addition the individuals who wish to battle them. There is likewise an expected to consider the contending intrigued between singular privileges of security and free discourse, and the respectability of both open and private systems framework.


Measurements of the physical environment of urban open spaces in Syracuse, New York, were used to compute the physiological responses of human users of the spaces. These calculations were then used to determine what environmental variables were both important to human comfort and susceptible to control by site design. Although air temperature and humidity are important to human thermal comfort, these variables were found not to be related in any way to site features; temperature and humidity in the central business district were uniform over space. The other variables found to be important to human thermal comfort are, in order of importance: solar radiation, infrared radiation, and wind speed. We found that all of these can be controlled to some extent by site design. Thus site design can be used to control human thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces.


The adult children of 87 year-old Anna Smith were concerned about her mental health. She lived alone. Although no major mishaps occurred, they were concerned she was becoming reclusive and depressed. At family gatherings she kept to the side and didn't' participate in conversations. Family members attempted to include her, but her responses were inappropriate and off-subject. Family members were embarrassed to keep trying. Her family physician placed her on anti-depressant medication. The medication caused her to be anxious and she stayed awake all hours. Anti-anxiety medication was added. She was soon referred to a local psychiatrist. The psychiatrist administered the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) battery, on which she scored 10 errors, indicating moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Her children were distraught over the diagnoses, but concluded based on their observations and the doctors,' that Alzheimer's was apparent. Plans were made to take Power of Attorney for her real and personal assets and she was admitted to a nearby nursing home.


High voltage direct current (HVDC) / High voltage alternating current (HVDC) transmission lines have been implemented in many countries, including Australia, Brazil, China and Sweden and the safety concerns as the result of the high electromagnetic-radiation underneath the HVDC/HVAC lines have garnered increased public attentions. With the large-scale implementations of HVDC/HVAC transmission lines, the environmental impacts due to electromagnetic waves have become a focus of public attention in the following technical parameters: electric field, ion current density, space charge density, radio interference, audible noise, etc. Here, we report on the model, design and testing of electric field sensors to measure the electric field at the ground level under the HV transmission lines for the smart grid. This study utilized different principles to establish electric field measurement system based on the wireless sensor networks. Afterwards, these sensors were successfully tested and utilized at the national high-voltage test base.


nly eleven years ago, the sphere of culture, just like other economic sec0 tors, was subject to the constraints of the planned economy. It was centralized and dominated by state ownership. In a situation where there were no market mechanisms, the supply of culture (cultural ofser) and often the very nature of this cultural offer were dictated by the state as the central planning body. As a result of faulty decisions by the central planning system, the absence of competition, and various economic restrictions, the cultural offer supplied to consumers was often inappropriate andlor unsatisfactory. The system in force in the Polish economy, especially toward the end of the 1980s, was known as the commercial-distributive system (Balcerowicz 1995). Although this system employed commercial mechanisms, including individual payment for commodities, it did not possess the characteristics of a market system. Although consumers paid for the commodities they received, they still had to have these goods allocated to them or to stand in line in front of shops. Prices were fixed by the state, manufacturers were subject to production orders, and the factors of production were rationed. The change of the political and economic system in Poland that started


As the rapid development of urbanization in China, the travel demand between the city and its surrounding areas has also increased rapidly. In order to achieve the equalization of public service, many actives have been taken by the government in many Chinese cities, especially the construction of the integrated urban and rural public transport. According to the differences between the travel demands and public transport development conditions in different areas, it is still unknown that whether the integrated public transport is feasible for all the cities or not. Based on the analysis of economic development level, along with the travel demand and the road condition in Shijiazhuang City, a summary about the implementing conditions of the integrated urban and rural public transport is proposed afterwards, which provide some suggestions for other cities when considering about public transport planning.


The application of earned value on the budget management is analyzed in this paper to find out the control and evaluation method of teaching budget,allowance budget and teaching work load.That of the subsidy budget and numbers of subsidized students is also made clear in the process.A new method to work out and assess budget in universities is thereafter put forward.


The present invention discloses one kind of milk cow feed. Pre-mixed material is first produced with zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, anhydrous cupric sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, manganese sulfate, molybdenum chloride, vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E and through mixing; and then mixed with slow released non-protein nitrogen, calcium biphosphate, feather powder, cotton seed dregs, tree leaf powder, calcium carbonate, table salt, anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, yeast and vegetable oil through stirring homogeneously to produce the milk cow feed. The milk cow feed has balanced nutrients, protein capable of being decomposed directly in the rumen of milk cow, high absorption rate and capacity of raising milk yield.


A method of controlling a torque output of an engine with variable capacity comprising: Calculating a torque modification term on the basis of an engine operating parameter; Determining a desired engine torque and an estimated engine torque; Modifying the desired engine torque based on the torque modification term to provide a modified desired engine torque; and Controlling an engine torque output based on the modified desired engine torque and the estimated engine torque when the engine is operating in a deactivated mode; characterized in that the operation of a vehicle system is controlled on the basis of the estimated engine torque during the engine output torque is controlled during machine operation in the deactivated mode based on the modified desired engine torque and a modified estimated engine torque.