Hydrophobically modified associating polymers could be effective drag-reducing agents containing weak "links" which after degradation can reform, protecting the polymer backbone from fast scission. Previous studies using hydrophobically modified polymers in drag reduction applications used polymers with Mw ≥ 1000 kg/mol. Homopolymers of this high Mw already show significant drag reduction (DR), and the contribution of macromolecular associations on DR remained unclear. We synthesized associating poly(acrylamide-co-styrene) copolymers with Mw ≤ 1000 kg/mol and various hydrophobic moiety content. Their DR effectiveness in turbulent flow was studied using a pilot-scale pipe flow facility and a rotating "disc" apparatus. We show that hydrophobically modified copolymers with Mw ≈ 1000 kg/mol increase DR in pipe flow by a factor of ∼2 compared to the unmodified polyacrylamide of similar Mw albeit at low DR level. Moreover, we discuss challenges encountered when using hydrophobically modified polymers synthesized via micellar polymerization.


Abstract This investigation was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in increasing the chloride threshold value for steel corrosion. Three types of corrosion inhibitors, calcium nitrite (Ca(NO 2 ) 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and N,N′-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), which respectively represented the anodic inhibitor, cathodic inhibitor, and mixed inhibitor, were chosen. The experiment was carried out in a saturated calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) solution to simulate the electrolytic environment of concrete. The inhibitors were initially mixed at different levels, and then chloride ions were gradually added into the solution in several steps. The open-circuit potential ( E corr ) and corrosion current density ( I corr ) determined by electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were used to identify the initiation of active corrosion, thereby determining the chloride threshold value. It was found that although all the inhibitors were effective in decreasing the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement, they had a marginal effect on increasing the chloride threshold value.


The problem of trajectory similarity has been recently attracted research interest considerably, due to its importance in diverse fields. In this work, we study trajectory similarity by attacking the problem taking an information retrieval perspective. Trajectories are first decomposed by using a grid and each trajectory is mapped to a multidimensional space where Latent Semantic Analysis is applied. Distance measures like Euclidean distance or cosine distance are applied to process similarity queries (range queries, k-NN queries). Performance evaluation results, based on real-life data sets, show the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


1. ABSTRACT Spectral feature used in remotely sensed image classification are recorded in narrow, adjacent frequency bands in the visible to infrared spectrum. Due to narrow spacing, these features are highly correlated and provide some redundant information which may reduce classification accuracy. Hence discriminative feature selection technique is required for better classification. In this paper, we present particle swarm optimization based technique to select best spectral features for remotely sensed image classification. The pixels intensity in selected best spectral band is used to construct the feature vector for that pixel. Each pixel in multispectral imagery is classified into various land cover types like water, vegetation, road and urban area etc. We employed ANN for supervised classification of the image pixel. The accuracy obtained with proposed algorithm is compared with that of traditional classifiers like MLC and Euclidean classifier. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated quantitatively using Xie-Beni and β indexes. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional one.


Mercantilist explanations for the development of international trading orders have assumed that changes in peripheral areas during the 19th century corresponded with developments among the largest and most advanced countries of the period. Relatively free trade, however, was not the rule at three important ports along the Arabian coast when Great Britain was in a hegemonic position in the area. Rather, British predominance in this part of the world was generally associated with increasing closure in commercial affairs at these three ports. This finding throws doubt on both the collective goods logic and the notions of "the imperialism of free trade" that have been appropriated by writers such as Gilpin, Kindleberger, Krasner, and Keohane. Two alternative ways of explaining the pattern of trading relations at these three ports are sketched, and three ways of amending the mercantilist position to account for these data are suggested.


The invention discloses a structure health monitoring and safety prewarning system for a shield tunnel. The structure health monitoring and safety prewarning system comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a long-distance transmission network, a central data base subsystem, a safety assessment subsystem and a user interface subsystem. The data acquisition subsystem comprises multiple types of sensors and various acquisition units corresponding to the sensors; the sensors are used for acquiring monitoring information of the structure of the shield tunnel, and transmitting processed monitoring information to the central data base subsystem through the long-distance transmission network; and the safety assessment subsystem assesses the structure state of the shield tunnel according to acquired monitoring data, and displays various data to users through the user interface subsystem. The structure health monitoring and safety prewarning system is disclosed for the long-term structure safety requirement of the shield tunnel; the use stability and durability are ensured; long-time real-time automatic acquisition of structure health performance data of the tunnel shield can be realized; and the safety use state of the shield tunnel can be determined, and automatic safety warning can be realized.


Reyhan Dedeoglu, Kenan Barut, Funda Oztunc, Sezen Atik, Amra Adrovic, Sezgin Sahin, Dicle Cengiz, Ozgur Kasapcopur. Evaluation of myocardial deformation in patients with Kawasaki disease using speckle-tracking echocardiography during mid-term follow-up. Cardiol Young. Published by Cambridge University Press, 5 April 2017. doi:10.1017/S1047951117000580. Cardiology in the Young (2017), 27, 1386 © Cambridge University Press, 2017 doi:10.1017/S1047951117001044


Initially, the article was created for the presentation of the special theory of relativity (STR) on the basis of the Berwald–Moor metric. The operations of addition of unidirectional velocities and the Doppler Effect for radially moving objects in this geometry coincide with their values in the Minkowski geometry. However, there are also significant differences that have a direct relationship to the interpretation of cosmological observations. We have decided to separate (this) geometric part from the physical (exposition of STR based on the Berwald–Moore metric) because of the need for a large amount of material, so we will concentrate here only on the expression of cause– effect in terms of the axioms of the metric.


Abstract The influence of deuteration of (NH4)LiH3(SeO4)4 single crystal on its ferroelastic properties is presented. A negative isotopic effect |δT| = 8 K has been found. The significant influence of hydrogen bonds on ferroelastic phase transition in A4LiH3(XO4)4, X = S, Se family of crystal was confirmed.


According to 1989 Salaries: Society Membership Survey, a report by the American Institute of Physics, there is a good chance that you work for a university and your regular salary is somewhere around $55,200. This statistical portrait of the AGU membership was taken from a random sampling of one-sixth of the U.S. membership of AIP's member societies, including AGU. Each year since 1979, AIP has been conducting surveys of its member societies. Respondents have been asked to provide a wide range of biographical data, including information on their annual salary and occupation.


A novel, simple and bipolar-injection based nonvolatile field-effect memory cell is demonstrated in silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. Programming time down to 8 ns are achieved together with erase times of a milli-second. The characteristics, compactness and compatibility with CMOS processes suggest suitability of the structure for embedded programmable and reprogrammable applications, and extensible to 3D applications. This extended abstract summarizes the technology and experimental characteristics of the device.


The purpose of this literature review is to present some results on the effects of drought on growth, production and ecophysiological behavior of Eucalyptus species. To this will be presented survey data in several countries. Thus, this review will seek to summarize scientific results on the main aspects regarding the efficiency of water use, variables involved in gas exchange and water status of plants (stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf water potential and photosynthesis) growth characteristics and morphological changes of the genus Eucalyptus sp. Through the literature, it was found, that the treatments with drought affected the use of water, the variables involved in gas exchange and water status of the plants, growth and morphology of Eucalyptus species. Therefore, the search for genetic material tolerant to drought may be relevant to the establishment of forest plantations in areas with water deficit.


Objective To explore the cause and treatment of the distal 1/3 spiral tibial fracture associated with occult posterior malleolus fracture.Methods From February 2005 to June 2011,22 cases of distal 1/3 spiral tibial fracture were treated in our department.8 cases were fixed with tibial intramedullary nailing,1case was fixed with distal tibia anterolateral plate,13 cases were fixed with tibialis anterior lateral plate,2 cases with middle fibula fractures were fixed with reconstruction plate.Results 4 cases were found occult posterior malleolus fractures during the operation and fixed with anterolateral distal tibia plates.1 cases were found occult posterior malleolus fracture and fixed with tibial intramedullary nailing after a month.Conclusion If preoperative posterior malleolus fracture do not be confirmed,anterolateral distal tibia plates should be as the preferred internal fixation.


With large increase in the number internet users different type of work get easy day by day such transfer of data in form of text, voice, image, video from one place to another. So enhancement of images of different users for various resources is selected for research in this paper. As this improve the visualization of the image for showing some of the dull information which is obtain by making some transformation. Proposed work uses Logarithmic function for image enhancement transformation. Experiment is done on standard as well as artificial image sets. Results shows that proposed work better on different evaluation parameters as compare to previous algorithms. KeywordsContrast Enhancement, Feature extraction, Lograthmic transformation.


Radiotherapy is an essential method of treatment for medulloblastoma, but the surgery is the primary treatment of choice in the disorder mentioned. In this study, a total number of 33 pediatric patients under 15 years (median age 8.7 years) were irradiated post-operatively within January 1997 and March 2005. All tumors were located infratentorially in the posterior fossa. Chemotherapy was administered in 26 patients (78 %). The patients with craniospinal irradiation were placed in supine position and fixed with a vacuum-form body immobilizer and a head mask. Irradiation was delivered using a planned dose 26–30 Gy with standard 1.3–1.8 Gy daily fractions for the craniospinal axis with photon beam (6 MV). The median overall survival for the whole group was 55.3 months. The median disease-free survival was 20.6 months, 8 patients (24 %) died. No statistical difference in survival rate between standard and high-risk patients was shown. No relationship was found between survival and age, sex or the tumor size. Endocrine deficits occurred in 30% (8 patients of the group were hypothyroid, growth retardation occurred in 7 patients). Our therapeutical results (those of overall and disease-free survival) and side-effects of the craniospinal axis irradiation technique in supine position are comparable with the treatment results and technique toxicity in prone position. P. Šlampa, K. Zitterbart, L. Dušek, O. Magnová, H. Doleželová, P. Čoupek, P. Pospíšil, Š. Sovadinová, Z. Pavelka, J. Štěrba, M. Chrenko, K. Miklóšová 1 Odd. radiační onkologie, Masarykův onkologický ústav, Brno 2 Klinika dětské onkologie, LF MU a FN Brno 3 Centrum informatiky a analýz, Masarykova univerzita, Brno doc. MUDr. Pavel Šlampa, CSc. Masarykův onkologický ústav Odd. radiační onkologie Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno e-mail: email@example.com Přijato k recenzi: 12. 5. 2006 Přijato do tisku: 2. 11. 2006 proLékaře.cz | 29.9.2020


[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT At the heart of the article is the thesis about the expediency of starting earlier not only the basics, but also many fundamental aspects of engineering design, literally from the preschool years, when a child first gets acquainted with the children's construction sets, details of machines and mechanisms. Based on the experience of production of the domestic construction set AVToys, the authors of the journal created educational programs that allow them to conduct design lessons for children of different ages using mathematical logic and methods for programming model and game processes. Keywords: engineering design, training, children's scientific and technical creativity, lessons, educational programs.


We investigate the changes and the magnitude of international collaboration in auditing research. We explore published auditing research in six auditing journals and six accounting journals with broader readership, from 1997 to 2014. Our findings indicate that auditing research is mostly collaborative and is increasingly internationalized but international collaborations are not extensive, accounting for just over 25 percent of collaborative work. The field is largely dominated by US‐affiliated scholars, albeit at a declining rate. Moreover, we find that the participation of practitioners in research production has gradually declined.


Objective To observe the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) expression in rat skin and to elucidate the biological mechanisms of photorejuvenation.Methods The three regions were selected and treated with IPL in 15 SD rats.Treatment parameters were the same:34 J/cm2 of the fluence,triple pulses (4 ms,5 ms,and 6 ms duration),20 ms and 25 ms of pulse delays.At days 1,3,5,7,15,and 30 after treatment,skin specimens were removed at treated areas and non-treated areas,respectively.The expression of bFGF was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry.Results At treated regions,positive stains were not observed in skin cells at day 1.Weaker stains in skin cells were observed at day 3.With time,stains got gradually stronger and reached highest at day 15 and maintained this situation to day 30.At non-treated areas,cells stains were negative.Conclusion IPL technology can enhance the expression of skin bFGF,suggesting that bFGF play a role in remodeling of skin in photorejuvenation.

Key words:
MRI; Intense pulsed light;  Photorejuvenation; bFGF


For a finite planning horizon, there has been a considerable body of research papers in the area of Operations Management dealing with four different inventory shortage models for the last two decades. In this paper, we use maximizing profit as the objective to make an appropriate comparison among those four alternatives. The theoretical results reveal that Model 4 provides the highest profit only if the profit margin is sufficiently low. Otherwise, in general, Model 3 has the highest profit among them.


A general model for the cosmological evolution of the fine structure constant α driven by a typical quintessence scenario is presented. We consider a coupling between the quintessence scalar ϕ and the electromagnetic kinetic term FμνFμν, given by a general function BF(ϕ). We study the dependence of the cosmological Δα(t) upon the functional form of BF(ϕ) and discuss the constraints imposed by the data. We find that different cosmological histories for Δα(t) are possible within the available constraints. We also find that quasar absorption spectra evidence for a time variation of α, if confirmed, is not incompatible with Oklo and meteorite limits.


We have collected broadband data from three seismic networks—two portable and one permanent—in a remote part of northeast China bordering North Korea. The combined network coverage allows first-hand investigations of seismic- wave propagation in a region of import for nuclear test ban monitoring research. Application of the reversed two-station method to the newly acquired data has pro- duced stable measurements of the quality factor Q ( Q0f η ) for Lg waves. The re- sults, a weighted regional average over 23 interstation paths involving 51 events and 21 stations, point to 1 Hz Q (or Q0) of 345 and η of 0.38 in a jarring incongruity with what appears to be a popular perception of the region as being of very low attenuation for Lg waves. The results also show that Lg Q varies from one interstation path to another. The highest Lg-wave attenuation (110 <Q 0 < 140) is found along intersta- tion paths that crossed two recently active volcanoes (Huangyishan and Chang- baishan). The subregion exhibiting the next highest Lg attenuation is Bohai, an extensional basin known to feature above-average heat flow.


Sarcoleotia globosa (Sommerf.: Fr.) Korf is an ascomycete characterized by stipitate ascomata with a convex apothecium, deep brown to black hymenial surface, greyish brown stipe, and hyaline, clavate, non- to multi-septate ascospores. Collections of S. globosa from Oregon, Washington, and Colorado, United States are reported. Its distribution in North America is extended from previously reported subarctic to arctic regions nearly 2500 km south to the cool temperate zones. Possible association of S. globosa with site disturbance, open plant communities, and bryophytes is discussed.


The belief that passage of 'whitish discharge' is associated with bodily complaints of weakness, tiredness, exhaustion, chronic pain is supposed to be widely prevalent among certain groups of women. The present study examines this aspect systematically in women in the reproductive age-group presenting with multiple psychosomatic complaints. Seventy consecutive female patients in the age-group 15–45 years, who reported with presenting complaints of more than 2 psychosomatic symptoms, were included in the study. Patients who had identifiable major physical illnesses, menstrual irregularities or gynaecological illness were excluded. Sociodemographic data were collected on a semi-structured proforma. Diagnosis was ascribed according to DSM-III, axis I. Twenty-eight (40%) patients reported passing white discharge on enquiry. Nine of these cases (32%) attributed their psychosomatic problems to 'white discharge'. Major depression was significantly more often (P < 0.05) diagnosed in patients who reported white di...


Problems of digital processing of Poisson-distributed data time series from various counters of radiation particles, photons, slow neutrons etc. are relevant for experimental physics and measuring technology. A low-pass filtering method for normalized Poisson-distributed data time series is proposed. A digital quasi-Gaussian filter is designed, with a finite impulse response and non-negative weights. The quasi-Gaussian filter synthesis is implemented using the technology of stochastic global minimization and modification of the annealing simulation algorithm. The results of testing the filtering method and the quasi-Gaussian filter on model and experimental normalized Poisson data from the URAGAN muon hodoscope, that have confirmed their effectiveness, are presented.


The prospect in light-driven water activation prompts rapid progress in hydrogenation reactions. Herein we describe the Ni2+-N4 site built on carbon nitride catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes with water supplying protons powered by visible irradiation. Importantly, the photocatalytic approach developed here enabled access to diverse deuterated alkenes in D2O with excellent deuterium incorporation. Under visible irradiation, a water-participated evolution of four-coordinated Ni2+ to three-coordinated Ni+ was spectroscopically identified. In combination with theoretical calculation, the photo-evolved Ni+ was suggested to be HO-Ni+-N2 with an uncoordinated, protonated pyridinic nitrogen formed by coupled Ni2+ reduction-water dissociation and conducted semihydrogenation. The paired Ni-N not only prompts hydrogen liberation from water, also renders preferred desorption of alkene over further hydrogenation to alkane, ensuring excellent semihydrogenation selectivity.


In this paper we apply the nonlinear time series prediction method to the traffic measurements data. Based on the phase space reconstruction, the support vector machine prediction method is used to predict the traffic measurements data, and the neighbor point selection method is used to choose the number of nearest neighbor points for the support vector machine regression model. The experiment results show that the nonlinear time series prediction method can effectively predict the traffic measurements data and the prediction error mainly concentrates on the vicinity of zero.


The image processing method according to the present invention cut from each viewpoint image and a partial image of the plurality of viewpoint images CD stereoscopic image obtained by photographing the pupil division manner indicated repair region corresponding to a plurality of partial images generated by the configuration dimensional partial image, and generates parallax information of parallax between the partial images, based on the parallax information of the parallax adjustment between partial images, the partial images for parallax adjustment, the adjusted parallax amount smaller the more emphasize the sharpness adjustment the greater the parallax amount after the reduced sharpness.


The empirical objective of this research is to study an overview of the impact that business computer programs have been affected by student dropout. Data collected was 1,985 business computer students from the academic year 2001-2019 at the School of Information and Communication Technology, the University of Phayao, Thailand. This research is a quantitative analytical research to study the period of the most dropout students and find the cause of the dropout of the students. According to the research results, the researcher found that the academic results had a significant influence on dropout, which the most time that students leave is 1st Year level in every educational program. From these findings, concerned parties should pay special attention to and focus on the problems in order to formulate strategic solutions in the future. For researchers, in the future can use data analysis technology and machine learning technology to further develop and solve problems.


Lead halide perovskite solar cells have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent photovoltaic efficiency. The quality and stability of perovskite films are critical for solar cells. We report the synthesis of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbKI3) nanoparticles from methyl amine, hydroiodic acid and lead iodide by sol-gel method. Three powder samples of Methyl ammonium Lead Iodide were prepared at 50 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C. The powder samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X- rays (EDAX) and Photoluminescence (PL). The presence of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were examined through CHN studies. The surface morphology, band gap, and elemental contents changes with temperature. The XRD pattern exhibited major reflections from (110), (220), (310), (224) and (314) planes in agreement with JCPDS file No: 00-021-1276, revealing tetragonal structure.


Branches of ZnO nanostructure were hydrothermally grown on seed layer coated on sub-microrod template by ultrasonic-assisted immersion technique. Zinc acetate, monoethanolamine, and isopropanol were used as a precursor, stabilizer, and solvent for coating seed layer, respectively. The crystallization of seed layer, which was confirmed by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), was facilitated by ultrasonic irradiation. The sol concentration was adjusted to be 20 and 50 mM with the coating cycles of 8 and 16 for controlling the uniformity and surface energy of seed layer. The increase of sol concentration and coating cycles led to the increase of crystal orientation in (002) plane causing the improvement of seed layer's surface energy which was estimated from water contact angle of the template. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was revealed that the seed layer did not cover the template only at the lowest condition of both sol concentration and coating cycles. However, the roughness and maximum peak-to-valley value tended to be increased for other conditions and dropped for the last condition which was suitable to vertically grow branches. After the growth of branches, the morphology of hierarchical ZnO nanostructure was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was found that the branches were vertically grown on the surface of rod template in every condition except the lowest sol concentration and coating cycles. Moreover, when the sol concentration and coating cycle of seed layer were increased, the branch density was also increased.


ABSTRACT This work presents the synthesis of a new fluorescent polymer and its applicability for optical sensing using the electrospinning technique for the fabrication of nanofibrous membrane sensors. A new fluorescent monomer was first synthesized by coupling reactions between methacryloyl chloride and a pyrene derivative, 1-pyrene butanol. Fluorescent polymers containing different ratios of pyrene were then obtained by the copolymerization of this monomer with methylmethacrylate using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. These polymers show distinct and well-defined fluorescence that is characteristic of the pyrene chromophores. Quenching-based optical chemical sensors were then fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The preliminary results show that these sensors have an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to the target analyte 2, 4-dinitro toluene than sensors formed from continuous thin films. This is believed to be due to the higher surface area to volume ratio of the electrospun nanofibrous membranes. The quenching behavior follows Stern-Volmer bimolecular quenching kinetics. The synthesis, characterization, electrospinning fabrication, and sensing capability of these polymers are discussed.


The Riemann hypothesis originates as a conjecture concerning the zeros of a particular entire function which is motivated by properties of zeros of polynomials. The Riemann hypothesis is generalized as a conjecture about the zeros of entire functions which resemble the entire function chosen by Riemann. The Hermite class of entire functions identifies entire functions which resemble polynomials in being essentially determined by their zeros. Polynomial members of the Hermite class are applied by Stieltjes in an integral representation of nonnegative linear functionals on polynomials. Arbitrary members of the Hermite class are applied in an analogous construction [2] of Hilbert spaces whose elements are entire functions. The Riemann hypothesis for Hilbert spaces of entire functions [3] identifies a class of entire functions which resemble the original entire function of the Riemann hypothesis. The Riemann hypothesis is strengthened as the conjecture that the Riemann hypothesis for entire functions applies. The conjecture is shown [4] to be correct in a modified form appropriate to the singularity of the Euler zeta function. Since the proof is an elementary argument in Fourier analysis, delays in verification are due to unfamiliarity with concepts which are here reviewed. The Riemann hypothesis is an assertion which applies to the zeros of an entire function which is not a polynomial. Entire functions which admit a relationship to zeros found in polynomials were discovered by Charles Hermite. The Hermite class of entire functions permits a reformulation of the Riemann hypothesis as the conjecture that some entire function belongs to the class. A nontrivial entire function is said to be of Hermite class if it can be approximated by polynomials whose zeros are restricted to a given half–plane. For applications to the Riemann hypothesis the upper half–plane is chosen as the half–plane free of zeros. If an entire function E(z) of z is of Hermite class, then the modulus of E(x + iy) is a nondecreasing function of positive y which satisfies the inequality |E(x− iy)| ≤ |E(x+ iy)| for every real number x. These necessary conditions are also sufficient. An entire function of Hermite class which has no zero is the exponential


As an international language, English is an important tool for people of different native languages to communicate with each other. Many empirical studies, proving that foreign accents are prevalent in L2 learners' oral English, involved native speakers as raters of foreign accents. This study compared the rating patterns of listeners from Chinese, Spanish and English language backgrounds with different English proficiencies for foreign accents in English speech and investigated the acoustical cues used by these listeners. Results showed that Chinese listeners, sharing language backgrounds with talkers, tended to be more tolerant for the Chinese accent in English speech. Spanish listeners had a stricter criterion for mild Chinese accents, proving that the influence of listeners' L1 on their perception of foreign accents can be different for different degrees of accents. The effects of listeners' L2 proficiency was found for Chinese listeners' perception of accents and the number of acoustic predictors used by non-native English listeners. The study provides more evidence about the mechanism of native and non-native listeners' perception of foreign accent and offers implications for the recruitment of raters for the assessment of oral English.


Abstract : In this work, cw and pulsed a 1532 and a 1440 nm laser excitation of the 4I13/2 band of Er3+ and 3F3,3F4 band of Pr3+ was explored in low phonon-energy hosts KPb2Cl5 and KPb2Br5. Crystal growth along with upconversion and eye-safe emission (approximately 1.5-1.6 m) studies were conducted on both Er3+ and Pr3+ doped materials. Excitation spectra and emission decay transients of the infrared (4I9/2--4I15/2) and green upconversion (2H11/2 + 4S3/2--4I15/2) originating from Er3+ doped KPb2Cl5 and KPb2Br5 revealed that energy transfer upconversion (ETU) is the origin of the infrared and the green upconversion under 1532 nm excitation. Relative population calculations indicated that infrared upconversion is approximately two orders of magnitude stronger relative to the green upconversion. Interestingly, the upconversion microparameters for the infrared upconversion are very small having the values CDA approximately 3.5x10-42 cm6/s and CDA a 2.0x10- 42 cm6/s for Er: KPb2Cl5 and Er: KPb2Br5, respectively. Due to the strong spectral overlap of the 4I13/2--4I15/2 emission and 4I15/2 -- 4I13/2 absorption bands Er-Er migration is believed to be assisting the energy transfer upconversion process in both Er: KPb2Cl5 and Er: KPb2Br5. Calculations indicated that the probability for energy migration is large yielding donor-donor critical radii of RDD approximately 16 and RDD 17 for Er: KPb2Cl5 and Er: KPb2Br5, respectively, which are quite large but not unexpected due to the small stokes shifts between the 4I13/2--4I15/2 emission band and 4I15/2--4I13/2 absorption band of Er3+ in KPb2Cl5 and KPb2Br5. Visible upconversion was also observed in Pr3+ doped KPb2Cl5 and KPb2Br5 under 1440 nm excitation where the emission originates from the 3P0, 3P1, and 1D levels. Emission decay measurements imply that ETU is the basis of the upconversion in Pr3+.


This research is purpose to know the effect of emotion intelligence and student's motivation in achievement integrated Junior High School Syanggit Cendekia west Jakarta.The method that used is survey explanatory method it is used for that data collecting through questioner and technique of data analyzing by factual regression and double. The result of research concluded that emotion intelligence and student's motivation in achievement is enough in giving the effect for the student's achievement integrated junior high school Syanggit Cendekia west Jakarta.


Waste collectors usually expose to several occupational health and safety risks which may affect theirhealth and wellbeing. Health literacy might help reducing occupational harms. Our aims were to assessthe health statusand to determine the influence of health literacy (HL) and occupational health and safety(OHS) factors on quality of life (QOL) of local administration organization waste collectors in Thailand.This cross-sectional study was conducted among 529 participants who were recruited by using a multistagerandom sampling from local administration organizations in 4 provinces of the Northeast of Thailand. A selfadministeredstructured questionnaire was used to assess OHS factors, HL, socioeconomic status (SES) andQOL. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to determine the association between OHS,HL and QOL when controlling for other covariates. 62.95% of the participants reports as had good healthstatus. However, 51.04% had musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), 36.37% had work related injuries and20.04% had chronic disease. Only 42.53% had adequate to excellence level of HL and the same proportionhad good QOL. The GLMM analysis indicated factors that were significantly associated with good qualityof life when controlling the effect of regions of municipal waste collectors in the Northeast of Thailand were:did not have MSDs, had adequate to excellence levels of health literacy, had low level of stress related withsocial support on work, had higher level of education, had high level of knowledge on garbage collectionwork, had low stress related with job security. Less than half of municipal waste collection workers hadgood QOL. HL, free from MSDs, knowledge about waste collection, low levels of stress on job security, andsocial support on job had influence on QOL as well as educational attainment.


Equilibria are considered within a Vlasov‐Maxwell model for an electron gas column rotating about an axis parallel to a uniform external magnetic field B0. A condition is derived which restricts the values of ωR (angular speed of mean rotation), Ωc (electron cyclotron frequency), and ωp (electron plasma frequency on axis) in order that the general class of rigid‐rotor distributions f0(H⊥ − ωRL, pz) corresponds to radially confined equilibria in the nonrelativistic, nondiamagnetic case. It is demonstrated that rigid‐rotor distributions have the property that a specification of the radial equilibrium density profile n0(r) uniquely determines the distribution ∫  dpzf0(H⊥ − ωRL, pz) of electrons perpendicular to B0. Explicit examples in this regard are discussed in both the nonrelativistic, and relativistic, diamagnetic cases. This can serve as a useful experimental diagnostic whereby a determination of n0(r) yields the perpendicular distribution ∫  dpzf0(H⊥ − ωRL, pz).


Abstract A prerequisite to the implementation of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) in moderate and high seismic regions is reliable data proving that bridges constructed by assembling precast e...


In this paper, a novel fuzzy adaptive consensus algorithm is presented for a class of nonlinear strict-feedback multi-agent systems (MASs) with heterogeneous dynamics, and these systems are all in much more general form with unknown gain functions. By a special design scheme, the controller singularity problem is avoided perfectly. The proposed controllers can guarantee that the outputs of all agents are semiglobally uniformly bounded and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the desired signal. Furthermore, by taking use of the special property of the fuzzy systems, the fuzzy adaptive algorithm is easy to be realized and applied. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the approach.


The absorption of the Nd : YAG fourth harmonic in air and binary mixtures of water vapour with nitrogen and oxygen at atmospheric pressure has been measured as a function of pulse energy (peak intensity). The mixtures obtained by adding equal amounts of water vapour to dry nitrogen and oxygen have been found to differ significantly in absorption. Preliminary quantitative data have been obtained for two- and three-photon absorption cross sections of water and oxygen molecules: σ(2)(H2O) = (4 ± 1) ± 10–49 cm4 s and σ(3)(O2) = (5.6 ± 1.4) ± 10–78 cm6 s2. The absorption of 266-nm pulses with peak intensities from 0.05 to 2 GW cm–2 in the near-surface atmosphere has been shown to be determined by two-photon absorption in water vapour and three-photon absorption in oxygen. In moist air containing 1 % water vapour, the absorption coefficient for 266-nm laser pulses exceeds that in dry air by four to five times. There is no absorption in nitrogen. We have developed a technique for photoacoustic measurements of multiphoton absorption cross sections in single-component gases and gas mixtures.


With the increasing use of iodinated contrast media for CT Scan and other radiologic procedures, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) has emerged as an important delayed adverse effect due the intravascular administration of contrast media. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of CIN in patients undergoing intravenous contrast enhanced CT (CECT) scans and to assess the safety of iodinated, low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a study in 182 patients who received intravenous low osmolar contrast media to assess the risk of CIN in patients undergoing diagnostic CECT. All the patients had a baseline serum creatinine (SeCr) value done prior to the procedure, and were then followed up with a repeat SeCr at 48 to 72hrs, and where necessary, on day 5 to 7 after the procedure. RESULTS: Thirty eight patients (20.9%) showed no change in their baseline SeCr value at 48 hrs. after contrast administration, while 13 patients (7.1%) showed a slight decrease, and 131 patients (72%) showed an increase in SeCr. None of the patients showed a greater than 0.5mg/dL increase in the SeCr, while 3 patients (1.6%) showed a 25% increase in the 48 hrs. SeCr from baseline value. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CIN varied from 0 to 1.6% depending on the definition used. Contrast induced nephropathy is a rare complication of intravenous administration of contrast media. LOCMs can be safely used in the general population who do not have pre-existing renal impairment or other major risk factors.


More than forty years ago, Callu, in his edition of Symmachus's letters, referred to a "notice rapide" on the epistolographer, preserved in four manuscripts, two of which contain florilegia of Symmachus's letters. In 2006, Thomson drew attention to what he called "bio-bibliographical introductions" on Sidonius in two Sidonius manuscripts. There is no mention by Callu or Thomson of the other author referenced in these notes, and no indication that there is a third note on Fulgentius. Callu cited the notes in the context of a renewed interest in Symmachus during the twelfth


Abstract Electrochemical pitting scans (dE/dt=60 and 1200 mV/h) and exposure tests have been conducted with nickel in an electrochemical flow cell to determine the effects of solution flow on initiation, propagation, and repassivation processes. The flat nickel specimens were exposed to 0.5 wt% NaCl solution in a rectangular duct at Reynolds numbers ranging from 420 to 19,600 and under stagnant conditions. There was no significant effect of flow on the value of the breakdown potential (Enp) in either the electrochemical or exposure tests, and it is concluded that the pitting initiation of clean surfaces is not affected by the solution flow rate. There was a marked decrease in the values of the protection potential (Ep) with decreasing flow rate during the pitting scans at the high scan rate at which the pits were much less developed. This suggests that propagation of the small pits is more difficult at high flow rates, which was borne out by the results of the exposure tests in which the pits formed at th...


A method and device for entering data in an application is disclosed. The method may comprise displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) keyboard within the application, the keyboard comprising multiple identifier keys. A detection module may monitor the poisition of a pointer of a pointing device in relation to the multiple identifier keys and detects that the pointer of the pointing device hasbeen positioned over one of the multiple identifier keys for a predetermined period of time, thereby detecting the selection of the identifier key. In response to detecting the selection, data associated with the selected identifier key may be generated and indication data representative of the generated data may be displayed in a data field.


A time‐domain analysis of firing‐rate data from over 200 fibers from the auditory nerve of cat has been used to estimate the formants of synthetic speech syllables. Distinct groups of fibers are apparent in the neurograms of the firing‐rate responses. The intervals between peaks in the firing‐rates of the fibers in each group are very similar, and reflect the period of the formant that dominates the group's response. Analysis of these intervals confirms that they correspond directly to the formant periods. It is concluded that the cochlear filters have much shorter impulse responses than the formants to which they respond. The time‐domain analysis tracks the changes of lower frequency formants with more precision than previous analyses of the same neural data [M. I. Miller and M. B. Sachs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 502–517 (1983); S. A. Shamma, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1622–1632 (1985)]. The direct representation of the formant period in the time domain is contrasted with the diffuse spectral representation of the formant, the dependence of spectral peaks on nonformant parameters, and the distortion of the spectrum by physiological nonlinearities.


With the advance of computational techniques, computerized assessment becomes increasingly popular due to the advantages of consistency, efficiency and labour-saving. In computerized assessment, it evaluates the subject's performance based on the experts' assessment criteria and also criteria preferences, thus indicating an effort to implement expert assessment policy. The key element of developing the computerized assessment system is to measure the complexity of an expert's cognitive structures containing assessment criteria and criteria preferences. To achieve this goal, we present an intelligent cognition-based systems approach which includes three integrated parts to build the computerized assessment model. It first utilizes text-mining techniques to automatically around important meaning themes that frame as assessment criteria. Human experts' criteria preferences are then derived from the pre-assessed essays by applying a multiple-criteria decision analysis. Meanwhile, the optimal parameter set for the assessment system is determined using the genetic algorithm. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the essays of university students majoring in information management are empirically evaluated by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can not only effectively model expert cognitive structure but also report high classification accuracy under different assessment settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A choline amperometric biosensor has been designed using as biological component choline oxidase (ChOx) entrapped in polyacrylamide microgels. The working electrode was prepared by holding the enzyme loaded microgels on a platinum electrode by a dialysis membrane. It was found that the optimum microgel cross-linking required to retain ChOx and to allow the diffusion of choline was 7.0%. The response of the biosensor was optimized in relation to pH, temperature and working potential and the following optimal values were obtained: pH 9.0, temperature range between 20 and 308C, and potential þ 0.6 V. Under optimal conditions the sensitivity for choline was 17.45 mA M � 1


There is provided a method of manufacturing the electrophoretic display. The present invention provides a method capable of reducing the size of the circuit for driving the display panel, and to reduce the unit cost of the product by lowering the driving voltage of electrophoretic display displays a desired image. An electrophoretic display comprising: a display panel including a plurality of pixel cells for displaying an image; data driving unit, the pixel voltage supplied to the plurality of data lines disposed in the display panel; common voltage generating unit to generate the opposite potential swinging the common voltage and the common voltage to the common electrode of the display panel; and a timing control unit, generates a data control signal and a common voltage control signal, and controlling the data driving unit and the driving timing of the common voltage generating unit.


Objective:To evaluate the sleep breathing disorder and related events at night in patients with idiopathic epilepsy.Methods:the sleep apnea-hypopnea index,the SPO2 value in sleep stages,leg move events were analyzed in90 patients who met the di-agnostic criteria of idiopathic epilepsy by polysomnography(PSG) examination.Result:SPO2 monitoring showed 26.67% of the patients have sleep apnea(SAHS),compare SAHS group to without SAHS group,age,body mass index,hypertension P0.05,the different have Significant.Those two groups compare duration of disease,gender,seizure types,epileptiform discharges,periodic leg move,P0.05,the difference have not Significant.SPO2 monitoring shows a different degree of low oxygen events were existed in epilepsy patients,the lowest value of the SPO2 all in REM stage.EMG showed 27(30%) cases were increased in isolated legs moving index.15(16.67%) cases were increased in periodic leg move index.moving legs accompanied with awaking and respiratory events,Legs moving events mainly in NREM period.Conclusion:The existence of sleep disorders and nocturnal hypoxia events in patients with idiopathic epilepsy.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the principal reasons why Emirate women are under‐represented in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) information technology (IT) sector; and the barriers and challenges that national women have encountered while working in this sector of the national economy.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on data from 20 structured in‐depth interviews conducted with Emirate women who had worked for a minimum of five years in IT.Findings – Although national women have made remarkable inroads into almost all professions and occupations in recent years, they are still noticeably under‐represented in IT, particularly in the private sector. In addition, very few are in senior‐level positions and there are, at the time of writing, no Emirate women technology‐entrepreneurs. The results show that cultural and familial factors still inhibit many young Emirate women from choosing careers in this profession, and negative gendered attitudinal assumptions about women are sti...


The majority of nonlinear smoothers used in practise are stack filters. An algorithm is presented which calculates the output distribution of an arbitrary stack filter S from the disjunctive normal form (DNF) of its underlying positive Boolean function. If S happens to be an alternating sequential filter, then the required DNF itself can be calculated smoothly.


Relevance. Destruction of toxic chemicals is impregnated with hazardous working conditions. In this regard, health monitoring in such workers is subject to more stringent requirements. Occupation-related difficulties in dental care availability cause faster dental health deterioration in the military. This adds relevance to finding and developing modern, rational and effective therapy and prevention measures tailored to specific working conditions the sites of toxic waste destruction.The objective is to evaluate the prevalence and structure of dental diseases and oral cavity disorders in the military exposed to toxic chemicals.Methods. A total of 178 male and female contracted military aged 27-50 years were examined within general medical examination required for admission to work with toxic chemicals. Standard dental methods were used during the examination: interview, visual, physical, and instrumental examinations. Examination data were fed into individual military medical records (form No. 2), as well as into earlier record forms.Results and discussion. Examined patients showed high prevalence of dental diseases (99.4 %), in particular, diseases of dental hard tissues and complicated dental caries. No less than half of the examined (54.5 %) required orthopedic dental treatment. More than 80 % of the examined revealed poor oral hygiene.Conclusion. Considering the high demand (90 %) for sanitation among the military, causing the 25% level of complicated f caries, with average tooth crown destruction score of 0.9 and absence of a staff dentist due to the small size of military units, it is deemed reasonable to involve specialists based on a prior agreed schedule and ensure compliance with developed methods and recommendations.


Denaturations of carp myofibrils and myosin induced by changing pH and KCl concentration were studied. Myofibrils and myosin suspension was mixed with maleate-NaOH buffer to set the pH between 4.81 and 6.14 in the presence of various concentrations of KCl (0.1-1.0M) and stored at 2°C. The first order rate constant (KD) for inactivation of Ca-ATPase caused by the above treatment was then estimated. It was thus found that the KD of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase increased with lowering the pH as well as with increasing KCl concentration. On the other hand, the KD of myosin Ca-ATPase remained practically unchanged with changing the KCl concentration but increased with lowering the pH, in the same manner as in the case of myofibrils, In addition, the KD of myosin Ca-ATPase agrecd closely with that of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase in the presence of 1.0M KCl. These results strongly suggested that the actin part of carp myofibrils was denatured by acid treatment in the presence of 1.0M KCl, and lost its protective activity against thermal inactivation of myosin Ca-ATPase.


The development of the combinatorial chemistry of phosphinic peptides has led to the discovery of both highly potent and selective inhibitors of various zinc metalloproteinases. Several properties of these compounds are reviewed, supporting the view that this class of inhibitors should represent useful tools for probing several aspects of the function of this broad family of proteases in vivo.


The objective was to investigate the effect of partitions on the overall visual impact of flow of glycerin in thin enclosures (1.6 mm spacing). Several acrylic enclosures with different styles of partitions were made. Each enclosure contains equal volumes of dyed glycerin and air. Upon being turned upside down, glycerin flows down and air pockets rise up, demonstrating a number of interfacial phenomena such as surface tension effect, drop formation, wetting, flattened bubble dynamics, and instability due to density differential. Although all partitions altered and created visually engaging interactions between the two fluids, the multi-parallel partitions (image with red food color) produced the most intriguing case, e.g., pressure fluctuations among columns. . Said Shakerin, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, email@example.com single vertical partition


Objective To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor-2 (TIMP-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in human endometrial carcinoma tissues and their relations with the invasion and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the MMP-2, TIMP-2, and MVD protein levels in 33 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 8 normal endometrial samples. Results The MMP-2, TIMP-2 and MVD protein expressed in both normal endometrial samples and endometrial carcinoma. The positive expression proportions of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and MVD protein in endometrial carcinoma tissues were higher than those in normal endometrial samples (P0. 05) , but they did not show different expression with the histologic grade (G1, G2 and G3). Semi-quantitative analysis revealed MMP-2 staining scores in tumor cells were significantly associated with the presence of surgical pathologic staging (P0. 05), while TIMP-2 staining scores in tumor cells were significantly associated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P0. 05). MVD staining scores in tumor cells were also significantly associated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P0. 05) . But these factors had no significant association with the presence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression maladjustment between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 may accelerate the tumor invasion and metastasis) the increasing expression of MVD in tumor cells may be associated with the depth of myometrial invasion, which suggests that angiogenesis plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma.


This thesis from the IFCS (Institute for Training in Healthcare Careers) represents a prospective study on the treatment of diabetic pregnant women during their pregnancy delivery and postpartum at the Souissi Maternity Hospital of Rabat Morocco. The problem put forward originates in the high number of diabetic pregnant women who have received no prenatal monitoring or inadequate prenatal monitoring. The hypotheses formulated involve the low socioeconomic and cultural level of the pregnant women the lack of coordination among the healthcare team and finally the lack of personnel qualified for this type of pregnancy. The primary objectives set by the study consist of identifying the problems hindering the screening of diabetes during pregnancy and assessing the parameters of monitoring of the course of the pregnancy. The study targeted 50 diabetic women and used as research methodology direct observation of the treatment activities as they were carried out a questionnaire given to the personnel ensuring this treatment interviews using a data collection sheet with the woman and finally the utilization of patient records. The results obtained reveal that the majority of women (82%) are 30 or older and that 64% are of a low socio-economic level which influences the monitoring of pregnancy and the regularity of treatment and physicians visits. The diabetic profile reveals that gestational diabetes is proportional to parity. The results also show that 62.2% of the parturients neglect blood sugar monitoring 40% are not receiving endocrinological monitoring and 60% of patients do not follow an appropriate diet. Concerning obstetrical monitoring 66.7% of women have attended the usual rate of prenatal visits (PNVs) which demonstrates the womens lack of information on the symptoms which complicate their pregnancy and the role that the PNV can play in screening and preventing these complications. This lack of awareness compounded by insufficient patient care was at the origin of complications occurring during the pregnancy delivery and postpartum. The study ended with several suggestions proposed in order to improve the quality of care of diabetic pregnant women.


The well distributed and electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/magnetite nanocomposites were successfully fabri- cated using a mixed solvent system (THF/DMF). Dynamic mechanical properties of the fabricated PVDF/magnetite nanocomposites indicate significant enhancements in the storage modulus as compared with that of neat PVDF. By adding 2 wt % magnetite nano- particles into the PVDF matrix, the thermal stability of nanocomposites could be enhanced about 26 � C as compared with that of PVDF. The b-phase fraction of PVDF is significantly enhanced with increasing the voltage of electric field poling. The piezoelectric responses of PVDF/magnetite films are extensively increased about five times in magnitude with applied strength of electrical field at 35 MV/m. The change of piezoelectric responses during the applied electric field may be due to the relative long arrangement of PVDF units along the direction of electric field poling and thus increases the values of Lp * and lc. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40941.


popular, often ephemeral journals, and many serious scientific journals, of which Crookes's Chemical News was only one, reported gossip, speculation, and achievement. By the middle of the century most respectable journals had asked for and received permission either to have their writers attend ordinary meetings of the Royal Society or to be given proof sheets of papers read at the meetings. Inevitably what went on in the Council of the Royal Society or in committees was not reported except when things went wrong, somebody talked, and titillating rumor was created. Therefore the sober business of advising government may not be obvious in the journals; but it was nevertheless going on. And with hindsight it was less the popularization of science or the special activities of the British Association than the responsible and sober cultivation of scientific research at which the Royal Society aimed, and which it cooperated with the Government in achieving, which gained science the place in national life with which it entered the twentieth century.


Objective: To study the relationship between bcl-2 and bax genes expression and apoptosis in the development of neural tube defects (NTD) caused by hyperthermia. Methods: The animal models with NTD caused by hyperthermia, were observed by in situ TUNEL method and immunohistochemical method. Results: 1.The amount of apoptotic cells of the neural epithelia and the mesenchyme around neural tubes in the experimental groups increased compared with the control groups at 8 and 16 hours after maternal hyperthermia; 2.The bcl-2 and bax genes expressed extensively in all the embryos in the neuroepithelial and mesenchymal cells; 3. The content of bcl-2 protein of the epithelia in the experimental groups decreased, the amount of bax protein increased compared with the control groups. Conclusion: Hyperthermia may suppress the expression of bcl-2 gene, otherwise promotes the bax genes expression during development, results in excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelia, thereby induces the development of neural tube defects.


IN 1932, Crohn, Ginzburg and Oppenheimer1 first described the clinicopathologic entity which was called "terminal ileitis." Since then, many instances of the same pathologic process in all parts of the ileum and jejunum have caused modification of the term to "regional enteritis." Of the numerous cases reported, however, in only a few has the disease been limited to the jejunum. Harris, Bell and Brunn 2 first described a case with the lesion wholly in the jejunum. Brown and Donald 3 included in their 178 cases of regional enteritis 5 instances of primary jejunal lesions. W. R. Johnson4 reported a


The end result of solid organ transplantation is dictated by selection of a well-matched donor, leading to allograft survival. An allogeneic immune response is the main immunological barrier for successful organ transplantation. Donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching results in poor graft acceptance, inflammation and rejection. The current evaluations for donor-recipient HLA incompatibility does not provide adequate information on the immunogenicity of individual HLA mismatches and impact of non-HLA-related alloantigens, especially in vivo. Here we demonstrate a novel method for analysis of alloimmune responsiveness between donor and recipient in vivoby introducing a humanized mouse model. Using molecular, cellular, and genomic analyses, we demonstrated that a recipient's personalized humanized mouse provided the most sensitive assessment of allogeneic responsiveness to potential donors. In our study, HLA typing and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) for assessment of allogeneic response was indistinguishable between 2 related donors of the recipient. Contrastingly in recipient's humanized mouse model, the donor selected by HLA typing induced the strongest allogeneic response with increased infiltration of cytotoxic GzmB +CD8 +T cells. Moreover, the same donor induced upregulation of genes involved in the allograft rejection identified by transcriptomic analysis of graft infiltrating CD45 +cells. Humanized mouse model determined the lowest degree of recipient-donor alloimmune response, allowing for better selection of donor and minimized immunological risk of allograft rejection in transplantation. This approach can be used to evaluate alloresponses in cell based therapies as well.
 This study was supported by research funding from the Carlos and Marguerite Mason Trust, and by U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute Grant CA 172230


A stick (2) broom for a broom (3) comprising a lid (10) having a first portion which is connected to one end of broomstick and a second part provided with means (13) mounted to allow hanging the broomstick (2) to the wall and wherein the connection between said first part of the cover (10) and broomstick is rotatable such that the cap can rotate relative to the broomstick and vice versa and in also the cap is a single piece such that a rotation of the first part of the lid corresponds to a rotation of the second part of the lid.


The present study aimed at investigating how Indonesian students refuse offers, invitations, and suggestions to persons having different social statuses. Refusal and politeness strategies were the focus of this study. The social variable involved in this study was the social status represented in lower to higher social-status (LHSS), higher to lower social-status (HLSS), and equal social-status (ESS) relationships. The data were obtained through discourse completion test (DCT) distributed to 161 students. The DCTs resulted in 2898 corpus data. Data analysis suggested that in general, the refusal strategy across social-status relationships and across initiating acts is consistently patterned, i.e. indirect strategy was more dominantly performed by the research participants. Criticizing, presenting other agenda, showing a preference, and stating self-limitation were the semantic formulas that were frequently used for refusing indirectly. Turning to politeness strategy, LHSS group used the highest number of redressive expressions, followed by HLSS and ESS groups. The politeness strategies occurring in the three groups were the use of redressive expressions and the use of wordy refusals. This study proved that social-status does not influence much to the choice of refusal strategy, but it contributes to the choice of politeness strategies.


Objectives: The goal of this paper is to evaluate the sport boards in Ilam province. Methodology: The method for this study is descriptive and survey type which is carried out on the field. The statistical population of this study is the sport boards in Ilam province with 35 boards selected as a sample. The tool for this survey is a researcher made questionnaire which is completed by the experts in the sport and young people's ministry. For the statistical analysis of the data we used descriptive and referral statistics including t-student test. Results: The results show that regarding the measure of the researcher the rank of the hardware development in this province among the sport boards is relatively good and the scales of the organizational behavior and cultural development have a very good implication and the scales of standardization, public development and human force development are good. The scales for financial development and athletic development are average and the measure of scientific and research development are very weak. The hardware measure with the reliability of more then 95 percent had the most amounts of development (95.30%) and the 2 scientific and research measure had the least amount of development (0.097%) in comparison to other scales. Conclusion: The results show that the sport boards had a very weak performance in the athletic measure and in science and research development. Based on this we see that there is a need for the sport organization and sport boards covering Ilam province to address these two measures with more vigor. [Arsalan Choulaki, Lamia Mirheidari. Exploring the Measures for Evaluating The Performance of the Sport Boards in Ilam, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):389-392] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63


The main goal of electricity markets has always been to create perfect competition markets. To facilitate this competition, the European target model of electricity markets is the energy-only market. The main target of the three Energy Packages is to reap the benefits of free markets with competitive prices and energy efficiency, and to ensure increased transparency in retail markets to benefit consumers. However, the focus has shifted from increasing market efficiency to increasing security of supply and reduction of carbon emissions. To fulfil the European Union's climate policy objectives, it is necessary to implement low-carbon or carbon free technologies. Meanwhile, the periodically available renewable energy sources have appeared on the electricity market. In Europe, market-coupling is also underway, which is a great challenge both technically and economically. The development of technology has accelerated, and it is necessary to follow it by the regulatory environment; however, regulations cannot keep up with the fast changes. The Winter Package was released in November 2016, which contains numerous legislative proposals to create a better regulatory environment in Europe. The primary objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive picture of the current European target model of electricity market problems and provide some proposals for their solution.


Machine Learning (ML) has the potential to accelerate discovery of new materials and shed light on useful properties of existing materials. A key difficulty when applying ML in Materials Science is that experimental datasets of material properties tend to be small. In this work we show how material descriptors can be learned from the structures present in large scale datasets of material simulations; and how these descriptors can be used to improve the prediction of an experimental property, the energy of formation of a solid. The material descriptors are learned by training a Graph Neural Network to regress simulated formation energies from a material's atomistic structure. Using these learned features for experimental property predictions outperforms existing methods that are based solely on chemical composition. Moreover, we find that the advantage of our approach increases as the generalization requirements of the task are made more stringent, for example when limiting the amount of training data or when generalizing to unseen chemical spaces.


Educational Data Mining is a new discipline based on the Data Mining baseline and deals with educational data. Monitoring the stress of a person continuously will help to find out the pattern of stress and intern help the physician to take the decisions easily. Current work proposes a process model to explore data from educational settings. The model is used to find out descriptive patterns and predictions that characterize learners' behaviors and achievements, domain knowledge content, assessments, and educational functionalities and applications.


INTRODUCTION One of the important goals and tasks of education is to create the conditions for the all-round growth of the individual and to train healthy, efficient and responsible human beings to play a role in individual and social life. Since students, as the basic element of the country's educational system, have a special role and position in achieving the goals of the educational system, paying attention to this section of society in terms of education and training, fertility and prosperity of the educational and training system as much as possible Causes. Undoubtedly, one of the goals and tasks of education is to prepare students to accept and understand the scientific developments of the world to come. Nevertheless, its most important goal is the full flourishing of students' personalities and the cultivation of transcendent values (Kadivar, 2011). Meeting this need, which is not easy, requires the expansion of education and the use of methods based on scientific, intellectual, and principled findings to train the specialists needed by society. The future of any society depends on the quality and efficiency of education of that society and the efficiency of the education system of each country depends on recognizing the effective factors in the quality of teaching and using new teaching methods (Abbasi Asl, Saadipour, Asadzadeh, 1395). On the other hand, issues such as academic performance and attitude toward school and the factors affecting those years have been considered by education experts. There are many ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aesthetics based teaching on students' attitudes toward school. This is an all-experimental study of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of sixth grade students in schools Fardis in the academic year of 1997-98 was. The sampling method was simple random and the selected students were divided into experimental and control groups. The sample size was determined using Morgan table and the number of sample people in each group was 16. Experimental science course was taught in the experimental group by aesthetic teaching method and in the control group by traditional teaching method. To assess the attitude towards school, McCoach (2003) school attitude questionnaire (SAAS-R) was used with a reliability of 0.96. The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the level of attitude towards school in students who took the sixth grade experimental sciences course with aesthetic methods was different from the students who learned this course with the usual teaching methods in schools. Therefore, the aesthetic method can play a role as an active and effective method in students' academic achievement in science.


A glycoprotein exposed on a viral surface, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 is essential for virus entry into cells as it plays a vital role in seeking out specific cell surface receptors for entry. The CD4 binding site of gp120 is known to be highly conserved among the different circulating subtypes and therefore constitutes particularly interesting targets for drug design. The rational selection of the training and test sets is a crucial step in the process of establishing three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. In the present study, a novel rational division methodology based on a genetic algorithm (GA) was employed for building QSAR models. In order to verify the rationality of the GA splitting approach, the modeling set was subdivided into a training set (80% of the modeling set) and a test set (20% of the modeling set) using a self-organizing map (SOM) and random division for comparison. The models of SOM and random splitting exhibit almost the same proper statistical results (Table 5) indicating that models based on these three division methods generate significant statistical results for the test sets, proving the reasonability of the GA division method for building the models. In addition, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) were performed for further extending the study and confirming the goodness of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The corresponding 3D contour maps along with the docking and MD simulation results have also identified the key structural requirements of HIV-1 inhibitors responsible for the activity: (1) bulky substituent at position-3 of the oxazole ring increases the biological activity; (2) electrostatic groups at positions-2,3 of the oxazole ring and positions-14,15 of the indole ring are helpful for the HIV-1 inhibition; (3) hydrophobic groups at position-12 of indole are favored. (4) Asp368, Asn425, Thr257, Ser375, Asp474, Gly473 form several H-bonds which are crucial for the ligand–target interactions. The decomposition of free energies by MM-PBSA indicates the polar salvation contribution terms are the major driving force for the interaction between the inhibitor and HIV-1 protein. The present work provides useful guidelines for future structural modifications of this class of compounds towards the development of superior HIV-1 inhibitors.


The use of miniscrew implants to obtain absolute anchorage has recently gained popularity in clinical orthodontics. The temporary uses of these implants and a simple insertion procedure have increased their popularity, establishing them as a necessary treatment option in complex cases that would have otherwise been impossible to treat. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the development, clinical use, sites of placement, insertion, loading and removal techniques of the mini-implants used for skeletal anchorage. Lastly,


An apparatus for detecting an arc in a circuit with a solar cell array is arranged to determine that an output of the solar cell array is below a threshold value, and therefore indicative of an arc on the circuit.


The Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) network (Network), comprised of 22 conservation partnerships spanning North America and U.S. Islands, is uniquely positioned to assist government members in fulfilling their public trust obligations to sustain natural and cultural resources for current and future generations by (a) ensuring inclusivity of broad stakeholder participation in conservation decision-making, and (b) building capacity for public trust to work in conservation, thus increasing the chance for successful and lasting conservation outcomes. In this article, we discuss the vision for the Network; challenges individual LCCs and the Network face in achieving the vision of sustaining natural and cultural resources for the benefit of current and future generations, a public trust obligation of most of the members; and ways in which member LCCs are making progress in this regard. We offer recommendations for the Network to consider to improve its ability to meet public trust obligations.


Clinical supervision cuts to the heart of professional psychology training. It is the most expensive single investment of staff time in the training of the psychology practitioner, and it appears to be the single most important contributor to training effectiveness, repaying that investment. Now there are changes afoot internationally which may change its pivotal role. For example, the Psychology Board of Australia has recently proposed that supervisors undergo approved supervisor training; in the USA, a competence-based emphasis is gaining ground; while in the UK, supervisors within the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies initiative are receiving unprecedented training and support. It is therefore timely to clarify the need for such training and to consider promising options for its effective delivery. Following a summary of the changes within Australia, we next address these emergent problems and promising solutions by examining the available scientific evidence and by considering professional consensus statements.


The system for phenylketonuria diagnostic in newborns (UMTEST® PKU) is produced at the Center for Immunoassay (Havana, Cuba). L-leucyl-L-alanine is one of the kit components and requires lyophilization due to its limited aqueous solution stability. Results from Diffferential Thermal Analysis/Impedance (DTA/ Zsinφ) and lyomicroscopy determinations, identify that during the freezing step product temperature must be below –30 oC, while throughout the primary drying process product temperature at sublimation front cannot exceed –18.9 oC. The use of a procedure based on the critical variables determinations, allow the lyophilization of three industrial batches that finally fulfilled the quality specifications and achieve a reduction of 32 % in the cycle total time.


Resonant Interband Tunnel Diodes (RITD) with device sizes ranging from r=201.tnl to r=SOnm (mask defined ra(lii) were manufactured using an e-beam lithography and dry-etch process. The peak to valley current-ratio (PVCR) and peak current density (ipeak) of the devices were measured. The devices showed high series resistance, and currents and PVCR did not scale in a predictable pattern. Index Terrns—Esaki, Resonant Interband Tunnel Diodes, Scaling, Tunnel Diodes, Peak Current, PVCR


Native and modified starches from non-conventional sources could be used as raw materials that represent appropriate bio-matrices to support diverse bioactive substances when formulating composite edible films or foams. In order to be used as raw materials, the starch and the starch-based films or foams obtained have to be characterized. The goals of this study were first, to isolate the starch from the edible portion of Dioscorea trifida, a sub-utilized agricultural commodity of the Venezuelan Amazons; second, to modify by cross-linking the native starch already isolated with sodium trimetaphosphate; third, to produce edible films with both the native and modified starches; and finally to characterize both while comparing their functional properties and proposing them to be utilized to produce foams. The bio-matrices represented by native and modified starches were used to formulate films with 5% of D. trifida starch and 1.5% glycerol. A native D. trifida starch with high purity was obtained, as well as a cross-linked modified starch with a 0.002% of degree of substitution. Significant statistical differences in the film thickness, color profile, deformation, and stress to puncture were found in both types of films. The modified starch-based films exhibited higher width and opalescence than those formed with native starch. The water vapor permeability, water retention, and water solubility differed also between both bio-matrices. The results suggested, in spite of these differences, that both of them could be proposed for gasification in order to obtain foams.


It has been shown that divalent impurities (S r2 + ,Εu2+) harden the NaCl monocrystals intensively'. For the solution treated samples the effective obstacles and interaction mechanisms are nearly the same for both crystal systems. In contrary, because of some differences in the solubility limit and in the clustering phenomena as well, different interaction mechanisms determine-the crystal strength attainable in as-received samples.


Intuitively, the model prediction signs matter a lot in finance, especially for investment strategy constructions. This paper proposes an approach in which the loss function regularizes the errors in prediction in different ways. In particular, the loss function considers simultaneously errors in prediction signs and the sizes and signs of the residuals in the model prediction. Less weight is given to the residuals with correct prediction signs but more weight is assigned to the residuals with wrong prediction signs. This is important because agents make decisions according to model predictions, especially the signs of the predictions. Simultaneously, the residuals of larger size are also penalized more and the ones of smaller size are penalized less. Also, the signs of the residuals are considered in the loss function because they also affect decision making processes. For these reasons, training models by weights varying with the correctness of the prediction signs and the sizes and signs of the residuals is significant for decision making. This paper proposes a new approach termed as Sign regression which takes into account of these considerations. The simulation results show that Sign regression consistently performs better than the ordinary least squares method and least absolute deviations method out-of-sample. An application on Fama and French three factor model also shows good performance of Sign regression.


Displacement controlled nonlinear finite element analyses are performed to determine the ultimate strength of three different vessel types in vertical bending. Parametric finite element models are proposed for a bulk carrier, double hull VLCC and for a container vessel. The influence of different model parameters on the collapse behavior is shown for sagging and hogging condition. The influence of initial imperfections of the stiffeners and the attached plating due to welding is taken into account. The results are validated for all different ships against Smith's method. An inhouse code has been developed following the Common Structural Rules (CSR) proposed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). The Smith's method based results of intact and damaged ships in vertical bending have been used to train a Deep Neural Network (DNN) as machine learning approach. The applied network architecture is composed of two layers with a high-level number of activation units. The applicability of DNN to predict rapidly the ultimate strength of ships in vertical bending is demonstrated exemplarily for the same bulk carrier, double hull VLCC and the container vessel. Furthermore, DNN is used to determine the shift of the neutral axis for the different vessels.


Abstract The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) is used to remotely measure atmospheric temperature profiles. The technique used for these measurements is Doppler tracking of a short, high-intensity acoustic pulse with an RF (electro-magnetic) radar. By measurement of the acoustic pulse propagation speed, temperature can be calculated as a function of altitude. The Stanford University RASS operates at an acoustic frequency of 85Hz. Because of this low frequency and the necessity of high system gain, the unit is too large for mobile applications. Our theoretical analyses show, however, that the RASS could operate at much higher acoustic frequencies and still provide data to altitudes of ∼1 km even during periods of moderate to strong atmospheric turbulence. These theoretical analyses have now been supported experimentally. A RASS operating with an acoustic frequency of 1 kHz not only provided Doppler data to altitudes of 1 km, but it also was able to provide a measure of horizontal winds over the same r...


This study reports an investigation on space charge distribution and leakage current (LC) pulses of four units of glass insulators recently removed from service. Simulation works were conducted using finite element software and validated by laboratory experiments. The simulation and experimental results were found to be in good agreement when studying the space charge distribution pattern along the glass insulator string. It is evident that the LC waveform can be used to characterise the types of partial discharge according to their occurrence with respect to the AC supply. Thus, the proposed method is viable and reliable to be applied in an online measurement system.


Sexuality education is the responsibility of all teachers, and a rewarding area in which to teach, as Gillian Schroeder explains.


The community-based tourism could be one way of creating a more sustainable tourism industry. Community based tourism brings numerous benefits to the wider community by increasing the standard of living in rural areas, which helps in reducing migration to urban areas. The study begins with an assessment of potential tea tourism products that could be developed in the community of Hanthana and the neighboring communities. The research based on qualitative approach in-depth interview and potential identification tool to identifying the tea tourism potentials within the Hanthana area. According to the findings, Hanthana can remark as the most suitable place to promote the tea tourism in Sri Lanka. Paper accomplishes research propositions in line with the empirical and theoretical justifications encouraging future research priorities


Search key resolution power is analyzed in the context of a request, i.e., among the set of search keys for the request. Methods of characterizing the resolution power of keys automatically are studied, and the effects search keys of varying resolution power have on retrieval effectiveness are analyzed. It is shown that it often is possible to identify the best key of a query while the discrimination between the remaining keys presents problems. It is also shown that query performance is improved by suitably using the best key in a structured query. The tests were run with InQuery1 in a subcollection of the TREC collection, which contained some 515,000 documents.


(54) DIAMOND CIRCULAR SAW BLADE 3,371,452 A * 3/1968 Mabey ....................... 451/541 4,407.263 A * 10/1983 Murata ........................ 125/15 (76) Inventors: Chien-Cheng Liao, 36, Lane 145, Dun Ha North Road, Taipei City (TW); Fang-Chun Yu, 18, Alley 123, Lane Primary Examiner M. Rachuba 668, Ying Tao Road, Ying Ko Town, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Rosenberg, Klein & Lee Taipei County (TW) (57) ABSTRACT * cited by examiner


Capacitive Voltage Probe (CVP) is used for measuring disturbances at telecommunication ports. The sensitivity of CVP changes by type of cable. Therefore, the pre-calibration is needed for every type of cable before measurement. The method of changing the input capacitance was proposed in order to avoid the pre-calibration. However, the accuracy of sensitivity was not sufficient. This paper proposes the method of improving the accuracy. The input capacitance was changed by a mechanical relay, and the output level difference was measured by a network analyser or a lock-in amplifier. The regression line parameters were obtained from the investigation which used many type of cable. The investigation showed that the deviation between the estimation value using the regression line and the measurement value is within 1dB. By using actual equipment, the disturbance level was measured and they were compared to the measured value by ISN. The results showed that the average deviation was within 1dB.


PRESIDENT GEORGE W. Bush used the 32nd annual Earth Day to tout his environmental programs while critics of his Administration called many of Bush's programs useless. Bush, along with EPA Administrator Christine Todd Whitman and several New York representatives, went to the Adirondack Mountains in New York last week to show support for the environment. In a speech there, Bush called for more cooperation and volunteerism to improve the environment and for Congress to pass legislation to implement his Clear Skies Initiative, a program intended to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury, mostly from power plants (C&EN, March 11, page 33). "We will reach our ambitious air-quality goals through a market-based approach that rewards innovation, reduces costs, and most importantly, guarantees results," Bush said. Other Administration officials also participated in Earth Day events. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced that DOE headquarters would purchase at least 17% of its energy ...


Sorbus caucasica Zinserl. var. yaltirikii Goksin has been the only known endemic taxon for the fl ora of Turkey and was found in Pazar (Rize) and Yusufeli (Artvin), Turkey (Goksin, 1977). However, a few Sorbus caucasica individuals collected from Artvin were identifi ed as S. caucasica var. caucasica using Flora of the U.S.S.R. (Tsinzerling, 1971), a new record for the fl ora of Turkey (Gabrielian, 1972; Guner et al., 2000; Ozhatay & Kultur, 2006; Ozhatay et al., 2009; Ozhatay et al., 2011). Th is identifi cation was confi rmed by comparison with herbarium specimens in ISTO and BATU. Th e separation of the 2 varieties belonging to S. caucasica is given below:


This review provides an overview of the environmental impacts of combustion-based electricity generation technologies from six different energy sources, hard coal, brown coal, natural gas, diesel, ...


The sexuality politics terrain in the United States is currently marked by a complex and contradictory set of developments‐non-traditional family structures are becoming more common, popular opinion is moving in a more tolerant direction, and the lesbian and gay rights movement has enjoyed some victories, but conservative family values and patriarchal heterosexual marriage have been vigorously promoted by influential right-wing social movements and more deeply institutionalized through important public policy initiatives and court decisions. This article considers the theoretical implications of these developments with respect to the conceptual approaches to citizenship and sexuality. It then analyses two major pieces of federal legislation in depth: the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and the Personal Responsibility Act (PRA). DOMA effectively encourages the states to ban same-sex marriages. The PRA is generally considered as a welfare 'reform' law that imposes compulsory 'workfare' schemes and time limits for benefit recipients. It nevertheless has a significant sexual regulation dimension. Both the religious right's campaign against same-sex marriage and the welfare reformers' attack on the rights of single mothers contribute to a reactionary politicization of marriage. In conclusion, the article contends that it is only insofar as lesbian and gay rights issues are understood more broadly as but one aspect of sexual regulation and citizenship rights struggles that we can develop more effective ways of advancing the sexual liberation movement as a whole.


A study conducted of oceans and reefs shows us the consequences that will have to be faced if immediate action is not taken to combat perhaps the greatest challenge confronting the international community - climate change. Research from the Centre for Marine Studies (CMS) at the University of Queensland and the Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoECRS) reveals that there are two main threats facing reefs around the globe: rising sea temperatures, which leads to coral bleaching, and increasing ocean acidification. Coral bleaching will over time cause the death of corals.


the Amazon lowland. The Lago Grande of Curuai floodplain is located on the right
bank of the river near to Obidos city, in the Para state to 850 km of the Atlantic
Ocean. The system is composed of more than 30 lakes of black and white waters,
connected to each other and to the Amazon. This study consisted into determine the
origin, the characterization and the cycling processes of major organic and inorganic
elements within the system and its role in the transport of material into the river.
Variations in the water level in the floodplain accompanying the Amazon ones, in
which the hydrological cycle consists of a period of high waters between May and
June, and a period of low water between October and November. Seven campaigns
were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in different hydrological periods: rising, high, low
and falling waters. The samples were taken for particulate and dissolved matter
analysis. Temperature (T), pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were
measured in situ. In the particulate matter were determined: organic carbon (POC),
total nitrogen (PTN), δ13C and δ15N isotopes, total suspended solids (TSS). In the
dissolved matter were analyzed: organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic (DIC), organic
nitrogen (DON) and inorganic (NH4
+, NO2
- and NO3
-), and organic phosphorus (DOP)
and inorganic (PO4
3-). The dissolved matter was also characterized by fractions
hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilics (TPH) from the parameters: DOC, DON, δ13C
and δ15N, specific ultraviolet absorbance to 254 nm (SUVA), reactivity (carboxylic and
hydroxylic groups) and molecular weight (MW). To identify the most reactive
dissolved organic matter, sorptions experiments were conducted between the
fractions HPO and TPH and a mineral mixture of Kaolinite and Goethite (84.6 e
15.4%, respectively). The Curuai floodplain is a very productive system and limited
by the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) that presented a N/P rate between 4,51 and
12,80. Recycling processes work intensively during the hydrological cycle (δ15N de
6,03 ± 2,55, in the white water lakes). The autochthonous produced during the rising
and initial high water is dominated by phytoplankton (C/Chla de 116,35 ± 116,39) and
exported to the Amazon River during falling waters. While, in the lower water is
observed the demineralization of the MPS. The HPO and TPH fractions of the DOM
presented molecular weight (MW) ~448 Da, and predominance of carboxylic groups.
The major fraction HPO that was sorpted onto mineral particles has more aromaticity
and it is rich in carbon. The floodplain works as an exporter of both particulate and
dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM, respectively) to the Amazon. In 2004 the
Curuai floodplain exported to Amazon River 64.990 ton POC and 12.008 ton PON. It
is also exported 52.824 ton DOC and 8.093 ton DON.


A full six-dimensional (6D) phase space Monte Carlo beam capture charge-breeding simulation code examines the beam capture processes of singly charged ion beams injected to an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) charge breeder from entry to exit. The code traces injected beam ions in an ECR ion source (ECRIS) plasma including Coulomb collisions, ionization, and charge exchange. The background ECRIS plasma is modeled within the current frame work of the generalized ECR ion source model. A simple sample case of an oxygen background plasma with an injected Ar +1 ion beam produces lower charge breeding efficiencies than experimentally obtained. Possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed.


The Bombay and para-Bombay phenotypes are characterized by lacking or expressing weak H antigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) or in their secretions. The para-Bombay phenotype results from a silenced FUT1 gene with an active FUT2 gene to synthesize H type 1 (and therefore A or B antigens) in the secretions from tissue cells that may be adsorbed onto the RBCs from the plasma, or from a mutated FUT1gene resulting in great diminished enzyme activity to produce low amounts of H antigen. A novel truncated protein of FUT1 created by bases deletion induced A para-Bombay phenotypein from one Chinese individual was confirmed and analyzed with molecular techniques. A blood sample from a 64-year-old male patient was sent to our laboratory for the resolution and identification of an ABO discrepancy between the forward and reverse type. Standard serologic protocol was performed to characterize the RBCs' phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted and followed by sequence analysis of ABO, FUT1 and FUT2 genes. Exon 6 to Exon 7 and adjacent introns of the ABO gene were amplified and sequenced with TOPO cloning. The coding sequences of FUT1 and FUT2 were also cloned and analyzed. The patient's RBCs showed weak agglutination with monoclonal anti-A at 4°C and his serum reacted with A1 and B cells. H antigen was not detected on the RBCs using the anti-H. The PCR products of Exon 6 to Exon 7 and adjacent introns of the ABO gene were cloned and the DNA sequences were analyzed. There was no mutation in the sequence of Exon 6 to Exon 7 blasted with the reference sequence (GenBank accession no. NM_001329877). The ABO of serology and genotype for the individual were assigned as Am and O1A, respectively. The whole FUT1 gene was amplified and sequenced according to the method published previously. The DNA sequences of FUT1 was analyzed and one homozygotic mutation of TT deletion were identified at Position nt1602 and nt1603 compared with the reference sequence (GenBank accession no. NM_001329877). The TT deletion generating premature termination codon induced a truncation of FUT1 at amino acid position aa294(reference sequence, GenBank accession no.NP_001316806.1) and resulted in greatly diminished enzymatic activity of a(1, 2)-fucosyltransferase I (Fig. 1). The complete coding sequence A novel truncated protein of FUT1 with weak function was identified in one Chinese individual


Particle Image Velocimetry has been broadly applied in large scale wind tunnels around the world in the past decade. At NASA Ames Research Center, PIV systems have been used in the many of the large wind tunnels. This article will discuss the authors' experiences with the PIV installations in the Unitary Plan tunnels with the idea that our issues and challenges are representative of efforts throughout the PIV community. PIV was performed in the 12foot Pressure Tunnel, the 11-foot Transonic Tunnel and the 9x7 Supersonic Tunnel. Each tunnel presented different issues that hampered successful imaging, many of which were discovered only after the testing began. This article will describe each installation and the paths to successful data.