With increasing stringent environmental regulations and attemps to reduce dependence on fossil fuels for polymer production, bio-based polymers are receiving appreciable global attention. In this context, bio-based poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most frequently used polymers in packaging application. However, despite of its high versatility, this polymer is limited in packaging applications due to its low mechanical properties. The two-dimensional nanofillers such as nanoclay and graphene are well known for improving thermo-mechanical properties of polymers at low concentrations. However, increasing higher filler concentration to improve barrier properties of polymers reduces their mechanical properties which is a drawback. This thesis investigates effects of two-dimensional nanoclays on thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of PLA/clay nanocomposites. The nanocomposites of PLA with clay and chemically modified clay were synthesized via solution blending method, and their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. Several characterization techniques were used to understand chemical structure of nanoclays and thermo-physical properties of PLA/clay nanocomposites. The x-ray diffraction indicated increased dispersion and exfoliation of modified clay in PLA compared to unmodified clay. A significant decrease in percent crystallinity of PLA-modified clay nanocomposites was observed. A higher Young's modulus and yield strength and reduced elongation at break revealed increased filler/polymer interactions in PLA/modified clay nanocomposites. Moreover, results from gas permeability revealed 75% reduction in Nitrogen gas permeability for PlA/Modified nanocomposites at 5wt%. The results could be used as fundamental understanding of clay/PLA interactions for thin film packaging applications. However, a detailed analysis of extensional rheology is required to assess feasibility of these nanocomposites for film blowing applications.


1. Panda S, Hogenesch JB, Kay SA Circadian rhythms flies to human. Nature 2002;417:329–335. 2. Harrington DL, Haaland KY, Knight RT. Cortical networks underlying mechanisms of time perception. J Neurosci 1998;18:1085–1095. 3. Monfort V, Pouthas V, Ragot R. Role of frontal cortex in memory for duration: An event-related potential study in humans. Neurosci Lett 2000;286:91–94. 4. Coull JT, Nobre AC. Where and when to pay attention: The neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J Neurosci 1998;18:7426–7435. 5. Lalonde R. Can time production predict cognitive decline? Med Hypotheses 2010;75:525–527. 6. Schubotz RI, Friederici AD, von Cramon DY. Time perception and motor timing: A common cortical and subcortical basis revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 2000;11:1–12. 7. Block RA, Zakay D, Hancock PA. Human aging and duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Aging 1998;13:584–596. 8. Mischel W, Grusec J, Masters JC. Effects of expected delay time on the subjective value of rewards and punishments. J Pers Soc Psychol 1969;11:363–373. 9. Craik F, Hay J. Aging and judgments of duration: Effects of task complexity and method of estimation. Percept Psychophys 1999;61:549–560. 10. Perbal S, Droit S, Isingrini M et al. Relationships between age-related changes in time estimation and age-related changes in processing speed, attention, and memory. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2003;9:201–216.


Among criteria of patentability, concern of novelty is taking priority in comparing to nonobviousness and industrial applicability. However, novelty is difficult to be demonstrated before conducting a thorough research of the prior art after a proposal is been designed, which is time-consuming. Under such circumstance, 1) Positive creativity is applied in this research to enhance idea patentability by positively building it during a design process. 2) Start with elaborating idea of positive creativity, its conceptual tool is applied in this research to design a new faucet, and do actual patent application. 3) The result of patents obtained in several countries, including invention (Taiwan) and design patents (Taiwan, U.S., China), indicates that positive creativity is capable of producing patentable ideas. 4) Faucet manufacturing is a traditional industry within which theoretically more difficult to get invention patents. This further indicates that positive creativity (through positivity creation) should have similar effect in providing patentable ideas in highly-innovative industries.


Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a relatively new technological advancement in the surgical field of otolaryngology. However, there are many concerns of affordability, safety, patient expectations, and consent. This paper examines how the new surgical technology comes with a price many hospitals cannot afford, potentially compromising patient safety to gain a return on their investment. We analyze patient's expectations as a reason for  risking their safety because there are certain cosmetic standards patients adhere to and opt for minimally invasive procedures, but put themselves in harm's way. We detail out the topic of informed consent, whereby surgeons cannot perform surgery and limit patients' treatment options. Finally, this paper also examines the role of the FDA in ensuring the safety and efficacy of the TORS technology.


A gene encoding a family 51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase (At3g10740) is specifically expressed at the stage of xylem vessel formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the role of the enzyme in the xylem vessel formation, the recombinant protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and the properties were characterized. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 4.5 and 50°C and was stable over the pH range of 4.0–7.0 under 30°C. The enzyme released L-arabinose from p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside, synthetic arabinofuranobiosides, arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinose-containing polysaccharides. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside but did not hydrolyze any other p-nitrophenyl-glycosides, and the specific activity for p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside was 1.2 units mg−1. Among the synthetic regioisomers of arabinofuranobiosides, the enzyme hydrolyzed all linkages that can occur between two α-L-arabinofuranosyl residues in the following order: α-1,5-linkage>α-1,2-linkage>α-1,3-linkage. The enzyme hydrolyzed arabinan, gum arabic, corn hull arabinoxylan, and wheat arabinoxylan. The enzyme showed higher activity for oligosaccharides than for polysaccharides. Furthermore, the enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides such as O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-1,3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-1,4-D-xylopyranoside and O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-1,4-[O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-1,3]-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-1,4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, which were the hydrolysis products of xylan generated by a family 10 xylanase, in comparison to its activity for arabinofuranobiosides. These data suggest that the enzyme is involved in the modification of the structure of xylan together with family 10 xylanases during the xylem vessel formation.


In the last years, car bodies are increasingly made with new advanced high-strength steels, for both lightweighting and safety purposes. Among these new steels, high-manganese or TWIP steels exhibi ...


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the recent Credit Agricole case outcome, whereby the bank was found to have undertaken insufficient investigation and failed to follow through on reporting suspicious account activity, in line with AML compliance requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the two main legal documents in the Michailidis v Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment (CACI) bank case and analyses the judgement details to discuss the implications for the banking and financial services sector on money laundering and AML compliance reporting requirements.

Findings

The main findings from the analysis are that banks have a greater legal responsibility towards detecting and reporting suspicious transactions than they would have previously considered. This includes identifying the source and purpose of fund transfers and establishing the beneficial ownership of recipients.

Research limitations/implications

The research topic is new, and therefore, analysis papers and other academic writing on this topic are limited.

Practical implications

The research paper has identified a number of implications to the banking sector on addressing AML deficiencies, especially the detection and reporting requirements of suspicious transactions.

Social implications

This paper has implications for the corporate social responsibility of banks and other financial services towards monitoring the source and use of money that is in their organisation. The paper identifies areas of legal responsibility that banks now have to manage, as part of their commitment to support the prevention of money laundering.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is the current example of the Credit Agricole case and the future legal implications for banks and financial services on suspicious transaction reporting and money laundering risk assessment.


In this paper, we study the flag curvature of invariant (α, β)-metrics of the form on homogeneous spaces and Lie groups. We give a formula for the flag curvature of invariant metrics of the form such that α is induced by an invariant Riemannian metric g on the homogeneous space and the Chern connection of F coincides to the Levi-Civita connection of g. Then some conclusions in the cases of naturally reductive homogeneous spaces and Lie groups are given.


We describe the latissimus dorsi (LD) intercostal artery myocutaneous perforator flap in reconstructing a defect after sarcomatous excision and our appreciation of anatomical descriptions and studies in modern day surgery. A 43-year-old female presented with a biopsy proven sarcomatoid carcinoma in the right posterior axillary fold which necessitated extensive resection to establish oncological clearance. Initial plan was to reconstruct the defect with a myo-cutaneous LD-flap based on the reliable thoraco-dorsal vessels. In the lateral decubitus position, standard markings for LD flap harvest with wider excision of the tumour were performed with excision of the underlying fascia including serratus and lateral border of LD. The superior edge encompassed the inferior angle of scapula extending to the midline with the inferior border at the level of the 12th rib. Dissection continued in the submuscular plane towards the axilla. Branches to serratus, circumflex scapular, and other smaller medial intercostal perforators were ligated. Further dissection at the deep margin required sacrifice of the thoracodorsal pedicle to ensure complete tumour clearance prior to definitive reconstruction, an unforeseen consequence of the planned reconstruction. During flap harvest alternate plans were made when a large 10th intercostal artery perforator was identified. A strong doppler signal was identified, located between the costal margin of the 10th rib and posterior axillary line. The flap, dissected and mobilized solely on the 10th intercostal perforator, was propellered into the defect 1808 counter-clockwise, while the donor-site was closed directly (Fig. 1). Physiotherapy postoperatively enabled full mobility with minimal winging of the scapula. The LD muscle (type V by Mathes and Nahai) consists of a large vascular pedicle, and known secondary pedicles. The secondary pedicles support the flap in the event of dividing the dominant pedicle. Intramuscular anatomical studies have shown the thoracodorsal artery enters the muscle and diverges into around five branches in the upper third. However, the 7th to 11th muscular perforators of the posterior intercostal artery (PIA) nourish majority of the muscle. The 10th muscular perforator is at the intersection between the 10th intercostal space and posterior axillary line. Posterior rami are continuous with musculocutaneous perforators of the LD through fine choke arteries within the fasciocutaneous layer. The main limitation is the position of the perforator, limiting reach. Free-style perforator flaps have been described as revolutionary in soft tissue reconstruction to permit tissue bulk and provide optimal contour and minimal donor site morbidity. These flaps serve as a "backup" plan in the event of change in reconstructive circumstances. Gillies and Millard laid down principles in plastic surgery advocating the need for a backup plan in the 1950s, indicating that primary resection should not be overshadowed by planning a subsequent reconstruction. We have found the LD flap remains an option including when there is doubt about the viability of the primary pedicle. *Correspondence to: Damir Kosutic, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S., (Plast), Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received 23 April 2015; Revision accepted 24 October 2015; Accepted 24 November 2015 Published online 15 December 2015 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/micr.30014


For critical planar percolation, although there is no infinite open component, there exists giant clusters on every macroscopic scale. It is reasonable to believe that local patterns around vertices of large spanning clusters appear with frequencies given by a probability measure on occupancy configurations. This measure would inherit properties of critical percolation, but would be supported on configurations with an infinite open cluster at the origin. Kesten gave a first mathematically rigorous construction of such a measure (which we refer to as Incipient Infinite Cluster measure) in two distinct ways and showed that they coincide. Later, Járai proved that Kesten's Incipient Infinite Cluster (IIC) measure indeed describes frequency of local patterns around a typical point in large crossing clusters.


A thin-section technique for demonstrating indirect immunofluorescence in tissue section is described. This technique makes it possible to differentiate a mitochondrial antibody from other cytoplasmic antibodies.


Recent work in supervised learning has shown that a sur- prisingly simple Bayesian classifier called na¨ ive Bayes is competitive with state of the art classifiers. This simple approach stands from assumptions of conditional independence among features given the class. In this pa- per a new na¨ ive Bayes classifier called Interval Estimation na¨ ive Bayes is proposed. Interval Estimation na¨ ive Bayes is performed in two phases. First, an interval estimation of each probability necessary to specify the na¨ ive Bayes is calculated. On the second phase the best combination of values inside these intervals is calculated using a heuristic search that is guided by the accuracy of the classifiers. The founded values in the search are the new parameters for the na¨ ive Bayes classifier. Our new approach has shown to be quite competitive related to simple na¨ ive Bayes. Exper- imental tests have been done with 21 data sets from the UCI repository.


Design of very large scale analog integrated circuit (analog VLSI) is very much complex and requires much compromising nature to achieve application specific objective. With maximizing the efforts to reduce power consumption and to reduce W/L ratio, the analog integrated circuit industry is constantly developing smaller power supplies. Now days, challenges of analog integrated circuit designer are to make block of small power supplies with little or no reduction in performance. The CMOS OTA is designed in 25.5nm CMOS technology with 1.0V power supply to observe the configurations. In design of CMOS OTA TANNER EDA TOOL is used. Coding and simulation is done in T-Spice and layout is prepared in L-Edit. D.C analysis, A.C analysis, slew rate and analysis of transient response have been done in T-Spice. Waveforms are observed in W-Edit.


The given work is devoted to the analytical substantiation of possibility of ideological measures of ensuring of spiritual and national safety of personality of Russia. Thus the central issue of the article is the formation of national ideology, the capability to lead to the formation in the society of uniform understanding of the integration values and the interests in the society on the spiritual base.


Introduction cable to contact networks as well as gate-type networks, only the gate-type networks will be considered in detail. Whenever the input signals of a combinational or iiquential switching circuit are changed, the output signals are predicted by the truth table or flow table to behave in a certain manner. If it is possible for the output signals to behave in a different manner than predicted, the circuit issaid,to contain a hazard for that input transition. The object of this paper is to present a new technique for determining whether or not a switching circuit contains a hazard.


In this paper, we describe patterns that can be used to find ways to integrate refactoring into everyday work in a software project. They are a part of a larger refactoring patterns pattern collection. We introduce the pattern collection and the background and describe three patterns in detail. Revision control logging pattern helps to maintain the rationale of the refactoring operations and separates refactoring from, for instance, feature development and bug fixes. Embed small refactorings encourages you to do the minor tweaks, fixes, and changes during your daily routines. Finally, Establish safety net guides you to setup unit tests and revision control before starting refactoring.


This, the first part of a two-part paper, focuses on educational reform in the Bahamas in the post-World War II era. The research, on which the paper is based, in part, represents the Bahamian contribution to a collaborative effort to produce a book on post-war developments in the English-speaking Caribbean. In this presentation the social context of educational report and the status of primary, secondary and tertiary education are discussed.


Fruits of three date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, namely Berhi, Khalas and Khawaja were evaluated for their total antioxidant activity, total phenolics and ascorbic acid at four ripening stages; full-color, just-ripe, half-ripe and full-ripe. The total antioxidant activity was estimated by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). FRAP values, ascorbic acid and total phenolics were all higher at full-color unripe state. Khawaja possessed the highest FRAP values (expressed as mmol/100 g dwb): (18.9±0.95), followed by Khalas (12.0±0.82) and Berhi (3.4±0.49) cultivars. Similar ranking was observed for total phenolics (expressed as mg GAE/100 g dwb): 434.3 ±20.7, 397.2 ±14.3 and 283.3 ±5.4, respectively. As the ripening proceeded, FRAP values, total phenolics and ascorbic acid progressively declined. The kinetic studies revealed that the decline of the FRAP values, total phenolics and ascorbic acid essentially followed a pseudo-first order reaction. The rate constants and half-life of these parameters are calculated and the probable role of total phenolics and ascorbic acid is further discussed.


This invention provides one charging method and system in communication technique field, which comprises the following steps: when outer user calls PBX, PBX generates charger menu information and to report to charger; charger servo receives and stores charge list of PBX; in system spare time through PBX sending to charge center business connection through charge servo to its connected wireless fix station to charge center.


Chinese tradition is the spirit which is contained in the aesthetics,philosophy,the essence of artistic ideology and national aesthetical habit of the nation for thousands of years.The superficiality in the tradition of Chinese painting refers to the techniques of the masters in every dynasty,while the cultural spirit involved in their ideology is the inner meaning.In the course of studying the tradition of Chinese painting,we should concentrate on both traditional techniques and traditional culture,and inherit the cultural spirit.Only in this way can we really know the tradition,inherit and promote it.


Observations from extratesticular rete‐ligated, mature goats indicated that epithelial morphology in the tail of the epididymis can be maintained without any input from testicular fluid (Goyal et al., Acta Anat., 1994;150:127–135). Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether the tail of the epididymis and/or other regions of the male excurrent ducts can differentiate prior to the appearance of lumen in the seminiferous tubules, which is an indicator for the onset of seminiferous tubular fluid secretion. Based on age and scrotal circumference (SC), 20 male goats were divided into four groups of five animals each: 1–4 weeks (SC, 6.5–7.5 cm), 7–10 weeks (SC, 8.5–11.0 cm), 12–15 weeks (SC, 11.0–14.0 cm), and 15–25 weeks (SC, 16.0–19.0 cm). Tissues were collected from the testis, six regions of the epididymis (proximal, middle and distal head; proximal and distal body; and tail), and the ductus deferens, and were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Changes in epithelial height and cytological features associated with absorption (microvilli, pinocytotic and coated vesicles) and protein secretion (RER, Golgi body) were used as markers for differentiation. Differentiation of all of these features was comparable to that observed in the 15–25‐week‐old animals in the ductus deferens by ≥1 week, in the tail of the epididymis by ≥7 weeks, in the distal body of the epididymis by ≥12 weeks, and in the proximal body of the epididymis and all three regions of the head of the epididymis by ≥15 weeks. Seminiferous tubules developed lumens between 12 and 15 weeks. In conclusion, epithelial differentiation in the ductus deferens, tail of the epididymis, and distal body of the epididymis follows a time‐dependent, spatial, ascending order and is achieved before lumen formation in the seminiferous tubules. Conversely, epithelial differentiation in all three regions of the head and the proximal body of the epididymis occurs simultaneously and after lumen formation in the seminiferous tubules. Anat Rec 254:508–520, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


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As you make the transition from a pharmacy residency program to full-fledged practice, one way to contribute to the profession is through publishing. Why publish? To contribute to the overall body of literature on which we base our practice.

One objective of an ASHP-accredited


The remnant of ultimobranchial (UB) body in the thyroid gland of adult buffalo was studied. This remnant appeared in the form of irregular and elongated follicles of various size and shape with folded lumen. These structures occupied a peripheral location beneath the capsule, as well as being embedded mostly in the vascular connective tissue of the thyroid. Calcitonin cells were predominantly localized in the UB follicles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface of most UB follicular cells was almost flat and polyhedral or hexagonal in shape. Other follicles possessed cells with dome shaped apical surface demarcated by a shallow intercellular depression. The luminal surface of the follicular cell lining was studded with microvilli that appeared with various density and length and were numerous at the cellular borders. Interestingly, most of UB follicular cells were provided with single cilium, projecting over the cell surface. Notably some UB follicles presented various stages of apocrine activities.


The current study proposes anatomical changes in the digestive system of 120 Akar Putra chicken after surgical removing of auropygial gland. The experiment comprised of five treatments (24 chicken/treatment), with 3 replicates (8 chicken/replicate). The experimental treatments consist of a control treatment T1; partial ablation of the uropygial gland were applied on T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments at 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age respectively. The results presents that Partial Uropygialectomy (PU) treatments in males had (p 0.05) between treatments was recorded in the total females' Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) weight; however, females of PU treatments had 5.9-41.2% heavier ilium (p 0.05) between treatments in females. Nevertheless, it was highly significant different (p<0.01) for males of PU treatments, mainly in esophagus (p<0.05), gizzard (p<0.05), pancreas (p<0.01) and cecum (p<0.05). In conclusion; the results of current study investigated that partial ablation of the uropygial gland had positive effects on the anatomical observations of most digestive system parts.


Foreword ~ Ed Mayo Introduction: Managing the 'Unmanageable Consumer' ~ Martin Powell, Shane Doheny, Ian Greener and Nick Mills The consumer and New Labour: the consumer as king? ~ Eric Shaw Narratives of public service delivery in the UK: comparing central and local government ~ Catherine Needham 'Understanding the 'Differentiated Consumer' in public services ~ Richard Simmons Differentiating consumers in professional services: Information empowerment and the emergence of the fragmented consumer ~ Angus Laing, Gill Hogg, Terry Newholm and Debbie Keeling The health care consumer ~ Martin Powell and Ian Greener The consumer in education ~ Catherine M. Farrell The consumer and social housing ~ Nick Mills The people's Police? Citizens, consumers and communities ~ John Clarke The consumer in social care ~ Caroline Glendinning Differentiated consumers? A differentiated view from a service user perspective ~ Peter Beresford Authoritative consumers or experts by experience? User groups in health and social care ~ Marian Barnes The public service consumer as member ~ Richard Simmons and Johnston Birchall Conclusion: the consumer in public services ~ Richard Simmons & Martin Powell.


We propose considering an institutional context as a fuzzy control system, and, thereby, the role of any given institution to be akin to a database of fuzzy rules. We develop this analogy for a hierarchical institutional system and provide an overview of the method for designing the database structure using a hierarchical system of linguistic rules. This, we submit, is as an interesting way of looking at institutional development with nested institutions.


Psychophysiology is the study of emotional experience with cognition, exploring the intricate interface of mind, brain and body. This field of study is concerned with how mental events, such as feelings and thoughts, may have pronounced effects on bodily processes. In other words, psychophysiology is the study of the correlation between the psychological and the physiological domains. In the field of psychophysiology there is a strong emphasis on the importance of physiological responses in both cognitive and emotional processes. The objective of this paper is to research the parallel between psychophysiology and interactive 3-D electronicworks of art that provoke both virtual and real experiences. I will reference one particular work of art that provides a 3-D model to exemplify scientific theories. The work probes brain activity in response to perceived danger and offers a method for clinical observation of the facial expressions of the human subject in real time. It is my intent to merge science, culture and technology into the realm of art making. It is this mergence that provides an awareness of the physical and psychological aspects of the human interface in the context of interactive electronic media. CASE STUDY 5510 & 5510-B This paper addresses one specific case study: CASE STUDY 5510 & 5510-B, a contemporary version of a dual guillotine that is coinactivated. CASE STUDY 5510 & 5510-B is a video-kinetic sculpture installation consisting of two guillotines measuring 8 ft high mounted on a platform (see Figures 1 and 2). Figure 1 CASE STUDY 5510 Figure 2 CASE STUDY 5510 Two people participate. They select one of two viewing positions: facedown view ing a 19-inch monitor that plays a video tape of the inside of an empty basket, or face up viewing a chopping block (see Figures 3 and 4). The guillotines operate by inserting a quarter, activating a 3.5 minute performance. The performance begins with a video image displayed on a 13-inch monitor depicting a 3/4" rope unwinding (virtually appearing to unwind). The monitor is positioned between the two guillotines, a frontal view designed for the audience. A 3-D metal wheel spins with the synchronization of the video image of the rope in motion. The spinning wheel enhances the realism and builds a degree of anticipation (see Figure 5). After the video image of the rope unwinds (a 90-second segment), spikes protrude from the chopping blocks. The spikes drop 1.5 seconds later. Synchronized with the fall, a concealed air compressor forces air around the necks of each subject. As the spikes return to their original position, a second wheel spins simultaneously with the video image of the rope rewinding. CASE STUDY 5510-B is an extension of CASE STUDY 5510. With two surveillance cameras mounted on the top of each guillotine, CASE STUDY 5510-B captures a unique visual language (perhaps, a pure language): the facial gestures of the two subjects as they experience the simulation of a beheading machine. Their expressions are depicted on two 13-inch monitors mounted on a wall in a remote location of the gallery. The monitors show a live video image (a close-up view) of each subject, capturing their facial expressions as the spikes fall (see Figures 6 and 7). Figure 5 CASE STUDY 5510 Figure 6 CASE STUDY 5510 Figure 7 CASE STUDY 5510 Figure 3 CASE STUDY 5510 Figure 4 CASE STUDY 5510 CASE STUDY 5510 & 5510-B applies elements of danger and anticipation of a near death experience as initial stimulants to encourage audience participation. CASE STUDY 5510 & 5510-B are 3-D models that exemplify scientific theories in the field of psychophysiology. The work additionally offers multiple perspectives and dialogues: the historical context of guillotines and the promotion of a social gathering; the issue of control insofar as technology becomes the executor, replacing the human administrator; the monetary value of 25 cents reflecting the worth of a human life, including the topic of entertainment at the expense of another's vulnerability. For the purpose of this paper, the focus is on the facial expressions of the participants (subjects). CASE STUDY 5510-B records these expressions, collecting data in the form of "visual information." The visual data explores the elements of human behavior in a controlled virtual setting, suggesting that the art of simulation produces similar bodily responses as in non-virtual settings.


Individual Rights and Public Duties. 1.1 Privacy and the Public Sphere. 1.2 The Obligation of the State towards Individuals. 1.3 Public Security vs. the Right to 'Be Let Alone'. 1.4 Freedom of Expression in Academia and the Media. Medical Ethics. 5. Mercy Death or Killing. 6. Donating or Selling Organs. 7. Genetic Engineering and Reproduction. Parenthood and the Family. 8. Rights of Relatives and Generations. 9. Procreation after Death. 10. Babies as Commodities. D. Punishment. 11. Punishment of Sex Offenders. 12. Punishment and Domestic Violence. 13. Capital Punishment and the Mentally Retarded.


The General Theory of Relativity predicts the existence of gravitational waves (GWs). Generation of GWs is analogous to the generation of electromagnetic waves: while changes in the electric field (acceleration of charges) produce electromagnetic waves, changes in the gravitational 'field' (acceleration of masses) produce GWs. Although any (non-spherical) accelerated motion of masses can produce GWs, those produced by the motion of terrestrial sources (or "non-relativistic" astronomical objects such as planets) are too weak to be detectable by any conceivable technology. Indeed, gravitation is the weakest long range force of nature, which is evident from the smallness of G! Still there exist a number of astronomical sources that can produce GWs that are detectable using the current cutting-edge technology. These include violent astrophysical phenomena such as the coalescence of black-hole binaries, gravitational collapse of massive stars resulting in supernovae, rapidly rotating neutron stars etc., and various energetic processes that might have happened in the early Universe. By decoding the emitted GW signal, it is possible to extract the physical properties of the source, such as the component masses, spins, distance and energetics. Thus, GW astronomy will complement the electromagnetic astronomy bringing new information about our Universe. It is fair to say that GW astronomy will open a completely new window to the Universe. In astronomy, the sky is viewed in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from radio waves (frequency ∼ 10 Hz) to gamma-rays (10 Hz), spanning 12 orders of magnitude in frequency). The GW frequency spectrum covers an impressive 20 orders of magnitude — ranging from 10−16 Hz (produced by processes in the early Universe such as inflation) to 103−104 Hz (produced by supernovae, neutron-star oscillations etc.). Just as in the electromagnetic astronomy, the detection and analysis methods used in GW astronomy are different in different frequency bands. When GWs pass through the Earth, they distort the geometry of the space-time. Observing the tiny distortions — the "strain" — in the space-time geometry is the key to the detection of GWs. Laser interferometry provides a precise method for measuring such small deformations. In a laser interferometer of arm-length L , a coherent laser beam is split by a beam splitter and sent in two orthogonal directions. These beams are reflected back by two mirrors, which are in turn recombined to produce an interference pattern. Gravitational waves induce a relative length change δL between the two orthogonal arms of an interferometer, which produce a change in the interference pattern. The output is recorded in terms of the strain (h = δL/L) produced by GWs. An international collaboration of scientists with diverse expertise is involved in this GW hunt using km-scale arm-length (L ∼ kms) interferometers as GW antennas. These detectors — LIGO [1], Virgo [2], GEO 600 [3], TAMA 300 [4] – are among the most sensitive measurement devices ever constructed by


S P J J van Rensburg, professor 1963-1972 The aim of this article is to take a look at Van Rensburg as a theologian. He was a conservative theologian in the sense that he wanted to serve the church of Christ by his scientific study of the Bible. He was greatly influenced by 'Continental Theology', especially as practiced by renowned German scholars. He was neither a fundamentalist nor over-enthusiastic about Bultmann's idea of demythologising the New Testament.


Abstract The character of the topocentric components in ETRF2000(R08) from the Polish ASG-EUPOS system was analysed using skewness and kurtosis derived from the data probability density function. The data from 115 permanent GPS stations with a time span of more than 5 years were used. The main goal of this research was to show that any unmodelled systematics can disrupt the results. The obtained median values of skewness and kurtosis clearly indicate the discrepancies between the assumed normality of the GPS time series distribution and the reality, mainly due to stochastic and/or deterministic parts that are still present in the data. The quadratic relationship between skewness and kurtosis was developed with the empirically determined constants. The noise analysis with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation was also performed with the assumptions of white and white plus power-law noise. The estimated spectral indices for power law noises are close to −1 (flicker noise). The uncertainties of the intraplate velocities with white and white plus power law noise assumptions were calculated. It was shown that these uncertainties can be underestimated up to 5 mm/year. Additionally we made 1000 simulation which were aimed at showing how the values of skewness and kurtosis are changed when some mismodelled part of the data remains in the time series. We assumed different values of trend (1 and 6 mm/year), seasonal amplitudes (1 and 6 mm) and offsets (3 and 10 mm) with flicker noise of 1 mm amplitude to see how the metrics we use are biased.


In combination with the methods of RS, GIS and Statistics, the process and trend of LUCC in the Area of Middle and Lower Reach of Jialingjiang River are thoroughly studied by establishing mathematical models in the range, speed, trend index and regional differences of LUCC based on the remote sensing imagery data of 1972, 1986 and 2000. The main results are as follows. (1) From 1972 to 2000, the areas of grassland, farmland and unused land are respectively decreased by 26834.18 hm2?6886.68 hm2 and 217.84 hm2, while those of woodland, cultivated land and water area are respectively increased by 19844.89 hm2?12964.45 hm2 and 1129.36 hm2. Disconnecting the period by 1986, the area of cultivated land and water area increased at all times, while those of grassland and unused land decreased, and woodland decreased in the first period and then increased in the second period. The farmland was in reverse considering the change of area. (2) From 1972 to 1986, based on the order of the output speed, the six kinds of these land-uses were arranged by grassland, woodland, farmland, unused land, water area and cultivated land. As to the input speed, the order is cultivated land, woodland, grassland, farmland, water area and unused land. In view of general change index, these land-uses were ranked as grassland, cultivated land, woodland, farmland, water area and unused land. The input speed of cultivated land and water land was beyond their output speed remarkably, while that status of woodland was on the contrary, which was in the state of balance. From 1972 to 1986, to separately calculate the indexes in the same way as above, the respective arrangement of the results were unused landgrasslandfarmlandwater areawoodlandcultivated land, cultivated landunused landwoodlandwater areagrasslandfarmland, and cultivated landunused landgrasslandwoodlandwater areafarmland. Cultivated land was not quite stable, whose input speed was beyond output speed notably. (3) The land use of Chongqing, Jiangbei and Hechuan had changed mostly in the period according to the change index, and the results were from 0.231% to 0.272%. The values in Gungyuan, Wangcang were from 0.114 to 0.126%. The values in Jiange, Cangxi, Langzhong, Nanbu, Xichong, Nanchong Pengan, Yuechi and Wusheng were from 0 to 0.090%.


In this paper,the biological control of crown gall with antagonistic organism was reviewed. Non- tumorgenic A.tumefaciens,P.fluorescens,B.subtilis, Streptomycetes,Ectomycorrhizol fungi were the most popularly applied antagonist.The action of antagonistic substances,the competition and cover on the attachment site and the disease resistance inducing were the major action of antagonistic organism on the crown gall disease.


I n the past quarter century, the vast region of Asia has undergone something of a renaissance, beginning with the dramatic ripple impact of ASEAN, the surge of China, the resurgence of Japan, and the most recent and more modest rise of India. These ground-breaking developments will shape Asia in the decades to come; but will the 2lSt century be the century of Asia, as many analysts predicted at the turn of the 20th century?


Objectives:To report a patient who developed a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) related with amantadine therapy. Case Report:A 66-year-old woman, diagnosed with Parkinson disease, developed asthenia, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy and feeling of muscle weakness, and severe hyponatremia, with diagnostic criteria for SIADH, after exposure to amantadine. After amantadine withdrawal, these symptoms disappeared, and sodium levels reached normal values gradually. Conclusions:The SIADH should be taken into account among the possible side effects of amantadine.


The progress on high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)technique for determination of antibiotics residues in dairy products was reviewed,including in detecting of β-lactams,aminoglycosides,tetracyclines,chloramphenicols,macrolides and lincosamides and so on.Future direction and related problems were discussed.


Recent LEP results on electroweak precision measurements are reviewed. Lineshape and asymmetries analysis on the Z 0 peak is described. Then, the consistency of the Standard Model predictions with experimental data and consequent limits on the top mass are discussed. Finally, the possibility of extracting information and constrains on new theoretical models from present data is examined.


Objective To study the features of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvascular densities (MVD) count in pediatric malignant liver tumors.Methods Fourteen children with malignant liver tumors were studied. Pathologies included hepatocellular carcinoma (7), hepatoblastoma (5), malignant mesenchymoma (1) and rhabdomyosarcoma (1). Twelve adult hepatocellular carcinoma samples were served as control group. All samples were examined with SP immunohistochemical staining for VEGF expression and MVD count.Results VEGF expression and MVD count in child's group, especially in child's HCC group, were high significantly compared to that of adult HCC group ( P 0.05 and P 0.01 ). All 7 patients in child's HCC group died within 2 years, whereas the prognosis in children with non HCC group was better. Two of the patients survived more than 5 years. Conclusions Children with malignant hepatic tumors, especially in HCC, may have extensive angiogenesis that induces a rapid growth process and leads to poor prognosis. VEGF expression is negative in long term survivors.


Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important respiratory pathogen in young children, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Infection is especially serious for those who are immunocompromised and those with conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital heart disease.1 The virus is highly infectious, and annual outbreaks cause many hospital admissions, putting great strain on isolation facilities and infection control measures. Nosocomial transmission is well documented.2 Rapid testing for the virus is well established3 and cost effective.4 Near patient testing has the added potential benefits of even faster diagnosis, further cost saving, and improved patient management and infection control. We describe a prospective pilot study of near patient testing for respiratory syncytial virus which was carried out in the accident and emergency department of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, between December …


We present the results of resonant Raman scattering of the A1 phonon at 680 cm−1 and of the four-magnon at 760 cm−1 in hexagonal HoMnO3 thin film. We find that the A1 phonon at 680 cm−1 shows a strong resonance effect near the on-site Mn d–d transition at ∼1.7 eV. Our Raman results show that the four-magnon scattering can be selectively excited with red lasers of 647 nm (1.92 eV) and 671 nm (1.85 eV), but are not detectable with green lasers of 532 nm (2.33 eV), indicating that the four-magnon scattering in hexagonal HoMnO3 has an extremely strong resonance effect also near the on-site Mn d–d transition at ∼1.7 eV. Furthermore, through the analyses of our study of the resonant four-magnon Raman scattering and earlier studies of the resonant two-magnon Raman scattering, we propose a simple general model for all resonant magnon scattering. Our simple general model predicts a simple method for the investigation of the spin-flipping/spin-wave in magnetic materials, which would have significant impacts on the applications of spintronic devices.


IN AN ATTEMPT to assess the morbidity due to traffic accidents, data were collected for a 12-month period on all patients coming to the Montreal General Hospital and Montreal Children's Hospital with injuries sustained as the result of traffic accidents, either as pedestrians or as drivers or passengers of vehicles. It was apparent that the type of accidents involving children differed considerably from that in adults, and for this reason the data have been analyzed separately. The purpose of the study was to discover the number of patients injured in traffic who came to these hospitals and to ascertain what proportion of all the traffic accident injuries in the city of Montreal they represented, and what the consequences of the injuries were. The findings of the first six months at the Montreal General Hospital have already been reported,1 and the present paper is limited to the patients treated at the Montreal Children's Hospital. From October 1957 to September 1958, a total of 389 children involved in traffic accidents was treated, and 125 or about one-third of these were admitted to wards. In 72 cases (18.3%) the accident occurred outside the city limits, and 317 were injured in the city. There were two deaths, both in children from out of town. Monthly summaries of all traffic accidents which occurred within the city limits were provided by the Montreal Police Department. These showed that in the City of Montreal in the same period of time 2898 children (under 15 years) were injured and 18 were killed. Thus 10.9% of all children injured in the city were seen at the Montreal Children's Hospital, but this percentage varied from 6.9 to 15.5% in different months (Table I). It is not known whether the other 89% of children injured all required hospital treatment, or whether those killed died in hospital. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that this sample is representative of all traffic accidents to children. Bias is also produced by referral of more seriously


In this paper we demonstrate how genetic programming can be used to interpret time dependent facial expressions in terms of emotional stimuli of different types and intensities. In our analysis we have used video records of facial expressions made during the Mars-500 experiment in which six participants have been isolated for 520 days to simulate flight to Mars. The FaceReader, commercial software developed by VicarVision and Noldus Information Technology, has been used to extract seven time dependent components of facial expressions from the video records. To interpret the obtained time dependent components of facial expressions we have proposed a mathematical model of emotional stimuli assuming that dynamics of facial expressions is determined by emotional stimuli of different types and intensities and facial expression at the moment of the stimuli. Genetic programming has been used to find the locations, types and intensities of the emotional stimuli as well as the way the facial expressions react on them.


The development of multi-component seismic acquisition technology creates new possibilities for the high-precision imaging of complex media. Compared to the scalar acoustic wave equation, the elastic wave equation takes the information of P-waves, S-waves, and converted waves into account simultaneously, enabling accurate description of actual seismic propagation. However, inherent attenuation is one of the important factors that restricts multi-component high-precision migration imaging. Its influence is mainly reflected in the following three ways: first, the attenuation of the amplitude energy makes the deep structure display unclear; second, phase distortion introduces errors to the positioning of underground structures; and third, the loss of high frequency components reduces imaging resolution. Therefore, it is crucial to fully consider the absorption and attenuation characteristics of the real Earth during seismic modeling and imaging. This paper aims to develop an accurate attenuation compensation reverse-time migration scheme for complex heterogeneous viscoelastic media. We first utilize a novel viscoelastic wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians to depict the Earth's attenuation behavior. Then, an adaptive stable attenuation compensation operator is developed to realize high-precision attenuation compensation imaging. Several synthetic and field data analyses verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The crustal structure in the Kinki district of Japan has been investigated by means of Phinney's spectral-ratio method and the travel-time analysis of microearthquakes. The crustal thicknesses at KYOTO and HIKONE, which are situated on the west and east sides of Lake Biwa, respectively, are determined as about 32km and 38km, espectively, by means of the spectral-ratio method. The value of 32km at KYOTO agrees well with the crustal thickness determined by travel times of the Kurayosi explosions, so that the crust is almost horizontally layered in the northwestern Kinki district, and the Pn velocity is 7.6km/sec. The value of 7.6km/sec is similar to that derived in the inland area of northeastern Japan, and a few percent lower than those at the coastal regions of the Pacific side of southwestern Japan. On the other hand, the crustal thickness in the northeastern Kinki district is determined as 40km by analysing microearthquakes near the Moho discontinuity beneath Lake Biwa. Therefore, the Moho-offset amounting to about 8km seems to exist at the western coastal region of Lake Biwa. This structure can explain the pattern of Bouguer anomalies in the northern part of the Kinki district very well.


Some papers dealing with the ultraviolet and visible study of molecular vapors produced by electrothermal atomizers were recently published. Various instruments were proposed depending on the aim of the work, from conventional flameless atomic absorption spectrometers to dedicated equipment. Recently also the infrared range has been investigated, coupling an FT-IR spectrometer with a heated graphite atomizer, thus introducing further analytical applications of this device. At the same time new techniques have been developed for simultaneous multielement determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) or emission spectrometry. Considering these different applications, it seems advisable to explore the capability and behavior of electrothermal atomizers in acquiring, with the same equipment, molecular and/or atomic spectra for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work reports some results obtained by a single instrument, made up of a graphite furnace and a diode array detector, in the ultraviolet investigation of vaporization phenomena of organic and organometallic compounds. 15 references, 7 figures, 1 table.


NO−C2H4 interactions on the surface of stepped Pt(332) have been studied using Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). IR data show that pre-dosed C2H4 molecules suppress the adsorption of NO on the surface of Pt(332) to an extent depending on both C2H4 coverage and the temperatures to which C2H4 pre-adlayers are annealed. At 90 K, the adsorption of NO on step sites is significantly suppressed by C2H4 following exposures greater than 0.32 L. This site-blocking effect persists and is even enhanced when annealing C2H4 pre-adlayers to 200 K, a temperature at which the adsorbed C2H4 molecules are not dissociated. As annealing temperatures are increased beyond 260 K, an ethylidyne species forms and is located on terraces. Consequently, the adsorption of NO on step sites is restored but to an extent smaller than that on a clean Pt(332) surface. The IR spectra also indicate that there are no detectable intermediates resulting from direct...


Objective:To investigate the plasma level of D -dimer(D -D)in patients with esophageal cancer be-fore and after radiotherapy and the relationship between plasma level of D -dimer and malignant degree of the tumor. Methods:The plasma level of D -dimer in 108 patients with esophageal cancer and 21 normal controls were retro-spectively analyzed.Results:D -dimer in esophageal cancer patients were significantly higher than those in the nor-mal controls.Clinical stage was positively correlated with plasma level of D -dimer in patients with esophageal canc-er.Plasma level of D -dimer in patients who were considered as CR or PR after radiotherapy was significantly lower than before(P 0.05).Conclusion:The plasma level of D -dimer may provide basis for evaluating therapeutic effects before and after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.


Throughout the process of expansion of coffee farming in northern Parana, there was an intense migration from the northeast to the city of Maringa. For a better understanding of such migrants it was carried out researches over the electoral cards issued between 1956-1972. As per these documents it was found information on the activities performed and later displacements by these northeast people to other cities and regions until the mid-80´s. The collected data as per the northeastern mobility enabled the identification of the effects of socioeconomic reordering in the region and the state, which took place between at the latter of the 50´s and 70´s resulting from the replacement of coffee, by means of the mechanization of agriculture and the incipient industrialization.


Irrigation of Crops is an essential input for attaining high yields, but the quality of the irrigation water is also equally critical for long term achievable production goals. Poor quality water, if used for a long time will make the soil less productive or even barren depending on the amount and type texture of soil. Low or marginally saline waters sometimes appear to stimulate crop growth because of the nutrient ions present. However, the excess of soluble salts in water lauds to their accumulation in the surface particularly in heavy textured or in poorly drained soils. Many areas of country are facing a serious problem of not only scarcity of water but also of critical poor quality of irrigation water. Tube-well and on well waters generally pose such problems more than surface water.


Three Dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to verify the enhancement of seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge piers such as shear strength and ductility by controlling bond of longitudinal reinforcement. Proposed analytical method was found to model the global hysteretic behavior and failure mode of unbonded RC piers producing an excellent correlation with that of experimental results. The enhancement of seismic performance and alteration of the failure mode of unbonded pier was found to be due to the change in internal mechanism to the one resembling a tied arch.


The article is devoted to the traditional culture of verkhneizh-sharkan ethnic udmurt group (costumes, head-dress, embroidery, weaving patterns). The settlement area of this group is defined. New data collected by the author in the expedition are presented.


This paper is devoted to the results of studies prospective unmanned aerial vehicle scheme "flying wing". Using aerodynamic configuration "flying wing", which force greater than that of aircraft of the normal circuit losses balancing aerodynamic qualities are still not widely available in aviation, but "flying wing" allows you to fully realize their positive properties to create a new generation of unmanned aerial vehicles.


This research work was designed to investigate and utilize all three parts (peel, flesh and seeds) of pumpkin for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Pumpkin parts were separated, dried, grinded to powder and extracted by using 80% methanol. Percentage yield of pumpkin peel, flesh and seeds extracts, was found 12.37±0.10, 8.84±0.07 and 3.53±0.06% respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (mg AAE/100 g) of pumpkin peel, flesh and seeds extracts was found 13.00±0.08, 10.58:0.06 and 16.53±0.09 respectively. All three types of extracts exhibited prominent antifungal activities against four fungal strains Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor miehei and Trichoderma spp. Pumpkin seeds extracts exhibited greater zone of inhibition against these fungal strains as compared to pumpkin peel and flesh extracts. For antibacterial study four bacterial strains Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus aureus were used. Pumpkin flesh extracts exhibited greater antibacterial activities as compared to pumpkin peel and seeds extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of pumpkin (peel, flesh and seeds) powders was analyzed through DPPH assay as illustrated by Brand-Williams et al. (1995), with slight modifications. An amount of 0.01 g of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was taken after weighing and transferred into a 25-mL volumetric flask having solvent (80:20 methanol/water (v/v). Flask was filled with solvent, up to the marking level. A calibration curve for ascorbic acid was also developed. An amount of 100 µl from each type of 80% MeOH extract was collected in microplates, then an amount of 2.0 ml solvent and 250 µl DPPH reagent were added. These microplates were shaken and kept in darkness at ambient temperature for a time period of 20 mint. Reduction in DPPH absorbance by spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-2900 Japan) at 520 nm was witnessed every 5 min intervals unless this absorbance was stabilized after a time period of 30 mints. Methanol played its role as blank solution, while DPPH solution with no test samples acted as control. All samples analyses were done in triplicate. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of pumpkin powder's methanolic extracts was shown as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) /100 g powder in a reaction time of 30 mints.


Abstract The atomic arrangement in polar SrA1F5 is related to that in an identical structure but opposite polarity by means of atomic displacements no greater than about 0.5A. Such displacements reverse the spontaneous polarization and lead to a predicted ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature of 685K. A specific heat anomaly is observed at about 695K and the dielectric constant exhibits an anomaly at about 715K. The piezoelectric d33 coefficient varies from sample to sample, in the range 0.1 < d33 < 0.8 pC N−1. The properties of SrA1F5 are hence those of a new ferroelectric material. Nine members of the AIIBIIIF5 family have been identified, with A = Sr and B = Al, Cr, Ga; A = Ba and B = Ti, V, Fe; A = Pb and B = Al, Ga; and EuA1F5. The phase transition temperature is a function of the A2+ and B3+ ionic radii.


The demo shows WikiTalk, a Wikipedia-based open-domain information access dialogue system implemented on a talking humanoid robot. The robot behaviour integrates speech, nodding, gesturing and face-tracking to support interaction management and the presentation of information to the partner.


ABSTRACT This study combined user-avatar similarity and Proteus effect predictions to incentivize physical activity. 305 participants ran while wearing accelerometers and a heart rate monitor. They were randomly assigned to onscreen motion-capturing avatars displaying either participant or stranger faces dressed in sports or formal clothes. Participants assigned to avatars displaying their own face showed increased cardiac frequency compared with those exposed to avatars with a stranger's face. Relative to the remaining conditions, participants assigned to avatars with their own face also wearing sports clothes showed increased cardiac frequency but participants assigned to avatars with a stranger's face wearing formal clothes showed decreased cardiac frequency. The results imply that user-avatar similarity and the Proteus effect can be harnessed to influence physical activity.


One restriction on press freedom proposed in the Leveson Report involves the reporting of arrests: 'To avoid . . . the risk of violating the private rights of individuals . . . it should be made clear that save in exceptional and clearly identified circumstances (for example, where there may be an immediate risk to the public), the names or identifying details of those who are arrested or suspected of a crime should not be released to the press or the public.' (Executive Summary, para. 95). Disquietingly, this was adopted by Lord Justice Treacy and Mr Justice Tugendhat in 'A Judicial Response to Law Commission Consultation Paper No 209'. This was said to reflect the views of other senior judges. Their grounds were: 'The police arrest many people who are never charged. If there were a policy that the police should consistently publish the fact that a person has been arrested, in many cases that information would attract substantial publicity, causing irremediable damage to the person's reputation. Even if the fact that the person was not charged were subsequently published, that would not receive the same publicity, and would not prevent subsequent internet searches disclosing that the person had been arrested.' However the principle of open justice requires that arrests be publicised so as to alert the public. Witnesses previously unknown may then come forward. When it is borne in mind that a person may now be arrested simply for questioning, and that many arrested persons are released, there need not be irremediable damage to an innocent person's reputation. Secret arrests should not be possible. In many countries they are the notorious instrument of oppression. 1


: Gender disparity is one of the most crucial discrimination in many societies. Females always had lower status than males, but the extent of the gap between the sexes varies across cultures and time.The present study is based on secondary data. In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the regional variations in literacy rate in the state of Haryana. It is also aimed at examining the gender disparity in literacy in urban and rural Haryana. In the present paper Sopher's disparity index, modified by Kundu and Rao has been employed to compute disparity level in literacy. The study reveals that there is a significant gender disparity manifested in terms of literacy in the state. It is also evident that there is a wide gap in the literacy level of urban and rural areas, males and females and urban and rural females in the state. The study also brings out that the biasness against female is lower in urban areas than the rural areas in the state as the disparity index is low in urban areas across the state.


During the last decades, palladium nanoparticles (Pd(0) NPs) and Pd(II) compounds were shown to be attractive catalysts for fine organic synthesis. Nanostructured Pd(0) or Pd(II) catalysts have a relatively low environmental impact, but, at the same time, they are indispensable for such processes as Suzuki cross-coupling. This paper describes the preparation of Pd(0) or Pd(II) supported/embedded in hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HPS) and compares their activity in Suzuki cross-coupling between phenylboronic acid and 4-bromoanisole. Obviously, the palladium charge (Pd(0) ↔ Pd(II)) changes continuously during the reaction catalytic cycle. It would seem that the use of the starting palladium in the form of Pd(0) or Pd(II) should not affect the reaction's kinetic laws for both catalysts, but their special individuality is manifested between them. Nanoparticulate Pd(0) catalysts are stable during the reaction. In contrast, catalysts based on Pd(II) are extremely active in the initial period of the reaction, but then the "hot form" of the catalyst is rapidly converted into the form of Pd(0), whose activity is identical to that of the preliminarily reduced catalyst. This work discusses the possible nature of this phenomenon. A mathematical model for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was suggested that was able to adequately describe experimental data. The level of reliability (R2) of the correlation between the experimental and calculated data was R2 = 0.97–0.99.


To cite this article: Romano A, Gaeta F, Valluzzi RL, Caruso C, Rumi G, Bousquet PJ. The very limited usefulness of skin testing with penicilloyl‐polylysine and the minor determinant mixture in evaluating nonimmediate reactions to penicillins. Allergy 2010; 65: 1104–1107.


Embodiments comprise laser emitter devices that generate a collimated beam of light the intensity or amplitude of which may be varied so as to carry data signals at a high rate of efficiency, and that is less sensitive to alignment of the detector, and detector systems for detecting the same collimated beam and reading the data carried in the beam of light.


events surrounding the confirmation hearings of Clarence Thomas for the U.S. Supreme Court and Professor Anita Hill's revelation that Thomas had sexually harassed her some ten years earlier raised a set of issues much larger than the two individuals at the center of the drama. The hearings highlighted two very ominous political trends confronting African Americans in this country as we approach the 21st century. Firstly, they reflected the increasing hostility toward and scapegoating of black women for a whole range of social problems now confronting our communities, including the oppression of black men. Secondly, they showcased the rise and increasing legitimacy, in some circles, of black neo-conservatives, a new breed of predators who pimp off of the call for racial solidarity when they can use it to their benefit, and then betray the best interests of the majority of black people at the first opportunity. The first trend, the scapegoating of black women, is predicated upon an increasingly male-centered definition of the black experience and black oppression. In recent years we have seen the racist and sexist theory of the so-called pathological black matriarchy, initially popularized by Daniel Patrick Moynihan in 1965, resurrected and re-packaged by white journalists, black and white neoconservatives, and even spokespersons who profess to be genuine allies and defenders of the black community. Some of these theorists claim only to be concerned with the desperate plight of young African American men, yet in the process of demonstrating this concern, they effectively minimize the equally desperate plight of black women, often tacitly blaming black women for our own oppression and that of our families and children. At one end


This research was aimed to investigate whether there is significant correlation between students' motivation and reading comprehension at the ninth grade students of SMPN 03 Kotabumi Academic Year 2020/2021. The kind of the research was quantitative research and used correlational research design. The samples of the research were 40 students who were choosen by using proportional random sampling technique. The instruments used in this research were questionnaire and test. Questionnaire was used to measure students' motivation, meanwhile the test was used to measure students' reading comprehension. Then, to prove the hypothesis of the research and the data, the researcher used Pearson Product Moment correlation. The result showed that  = , and  = . It means that  is rejected, and  is accepted. From the result of significant test, it was found that  = 2.6298 and  is 2.027. Based on the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that there is significant correlation between students' motivation and the reading comprehension at the ninth grade students of SMPN 03 Kotabumi in academic year 2020/2021.


We apply second, fourth, and sixth order spatially accurate variations of the MacCormack scheme to calculate the noise radiated by the interaction of a flat plate with an oncoming gust. For the given gust wavelength and numerical discretization, the fourth and sixth order schemes each are effective in capturing the occurring acoustic waves. However, for the case of the sixth order scheme, the high order of extrapolation applied at the far field boundaries necessitates an extension of the computational boundaries from their prescribed location.


Objective:To study clinical value of arterial embolization for traumatic renal hemorrhage when conservative treatment had failed.Methods:39 patients with renal injures were treated by superselective renal artery embolization.All cases underwent angiographic exam and the diagnosis was confirmed.Embolization materials were gelfoam or steel coils.Results:Symptoms in all cases subsided quickly after embolization except one who had a kidney excision afterwards.One month later,intravenous urographic exam revealed recovered function of the injured kidneys. Conclusion:Superselective renal arterial embolization in treating traumatic renal hemorrhage,with good hemostatic efficacy and less complications,is a safe and effective method for the treatment of renal injuries.


THE advent of streptomycin and para-aminosalycilic acid has produced a profound alteration in the prognosis and treatment of genital tuberculosis; however, all the factors affecting the results achieved by these substances are not yet known. The common forms of the disease are deeply buried in the pelvis; it is only in those rare cases where tuberculosis attacks the cervix or the vulva that the actual day-to-day effect of treatment can be observed. Successful treatment of tuberculosis of the vulva by streptomycin without surgical intervention has been reported by Benjamin and Charnock (1949) and Mathew (1949). It is important that failures as well as successes should be recorded in order that some knowledge of the limitations of the treatment may be obtained. The case now reported is one of failure with streptomycin and P.A.S. followed by resort to surgery with subsequent cure.


Neutron and gamma-ray tissue kerma and scalar spectrum measurements have been made at the Army Pulse Radiation Division (APRD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, to 1.6 km in air-over-ground geometry from a fission source and are compared to state-of-the-art transport calculations. Measurements have been made by the APRD staff as well as German, Canadian, and French scientists. A variety of integral detectors and differential spectrometers were used. Agreement among the various groups ranges from good to excellent. Calculations have been made in support of shielding programs and in connection with the Hiroshima-Nagasaki dose reevaluation effort. The DOT transport calculations have been performed at the Lawrence Livermore and Oak Ridge National Laboratories, the Defence Research Establishment, Ottawa, and at Science Applications, Inc. Monte Carlo calculations have been performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The calculations are generally consistent. Average calculated-to-measured kerma ratios range from 0.83 to 1.27. Calculated-to-measured neutron flux ratios vary from about 0.6 near 1 keV and about 0.8 near 5 MeV to about 1.7 near 0.8 MeV. These spectral differences tend to cancel when determining tissue kerma, raising the possibility that some of the agreement in kerma may be fortuitous. Sources of possible discrepancies are discussed.


(57) Abstract: Formula (I), which is useful for preventing and treating arrhythmias, particularly atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 41 to R 46 , A , B and G have the meanings described herein].


Summary Schmitt. M. B. & Whitehouse, P. J. 1976. Moult and mensural data of Ruff on the Witwatersrand. Ostrich 47: 179–190 During a five-and-a-half year study 1 600 Ruffs Philomachus pugnux were captured on the southern and eastern Witwatersrand, South Africa. Mensural data for these birds are given and the moult cycle discussed. Birds in the study area appear to moult much later than elsewhere, but the moulting sequence appears similar. Recaptures and leg colour are discussed.


Different from piezoelectricity which is restricted to certain materials, flexoelectricity is a universal electromechanical coupling in all dielectrics. In this work, mechanical energy harvester models were developed based on Timoshenko laminated beam theory, in which the flexoelectric and piezoelectric mechanisms were discussed. For a three-layered energy harvester in parallel configuration, the mechanical vibration energy can be converted into electrical energy due to flexoelectricity, and for the three-layered energy harvester in series configuration, the energy conversion is enhanced by the flexoelectricity. Resonance frequency shifts were observed in the calculations due to flexoelectricity and external circuit resistance. It is found that the electromechanical coupling displayed from the electrical responses versus resonance frequency and resistance. The energy conversion for the three-layered energy harvester system was found to be increased with the decrease in the laminated beam thickness. The energy conversion calculated for different numbers of layers also indicates that laminated energy harvester systems excel single-layered energy harvesters. This work therefore might help in designing flexoelectricity-based energy harvesters.


Unimodular sequences with good correlation and spectral properties are desirable in numerous applications such as active remote sensing and communication systems. Therefore, designing sequences with stopband and correlation sidelobe constraints has gained a lot of attention in the last few decades. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient iterative algorithm to design unimodular and sparse frequency waveforms with low aperiodic/periodic autocorrelation sidelobes and desired stopband properties. In our approach, the bi-objective optimization problem which minimizes both the integrated sidelobe level (ISL) of the autocorrelation function and the power density in the spectral stopbands is first turned into an unconstrained single objective optimization problem and then is treated as a nonlinear large-scale problem. For the solution of the problem, we develop an algorithm based on Limited Memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) Quasi-Newton optimization method. Unlike most gradient based algorithms which employ line searches to deduce the step length, owing to L-BFGS method, unit step length is taken as a general rule to avoid the cost of computation at every iteration with very few exceptions. The calculation of gradient is based on Fast Fourier Transform and Hadamard product operations and thus the algorithm is fast and computationally efficient. Moreover, the algorithm is space efficient and its low-memory feature makes it possible to generate long sequences. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed method and to show its superiority over other state-of-art algorithms.


Political socialization in primary and secondary schools typically emphasizes the importance of voting for democratic citizens. Yet, possible obstacles to participation are seldom discussed. In college, students frequently discover that turnout in the United States is lower than in most other democracies, and they may learn that voter registration helps account for this difference. This research addresses how experiences in the college classroom affect students' attitudes about voter registration by employing a quasi-experimental, pre-post survey design. The experimental stimulus was a course assignment in which students completed voter registration forms under four scenarios designed to simulate different circumstances frequently encountered by college students. The students in the experimental group became much less sanguine about the ease of registration and the ability of most citizens to correctly navigate the process, yet became more confident in the voter registration process in general. This raises interesting questions about how attitudes about the political process are shaped by students' classroom experiences.


The silicon oxycarbide glasses are an interesting class of materials with high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. This study involves the incorporation of various mixed valent metal oxides into the silicon oxycarbide glass matrix and the characterization of micro and macroscopic properties of these materials.


Let K be a dosed convex subset of an arbitrary real Banach space X,and T:K→K be a Lipschitz strongly pseudo- contractive mapping such that Tx~*=x~* for some x~*∈X.Under the lack of assumption that∑_(n=0)~∞α_nβ_n<∞,it is shown that the Ishikawa iterative sequence with errors converges strongly to the unique fixed point of T.Moreover,this result provides a general convergence rate estimation for such a sequence.These results unify,improve and generalize the recent correspond- ing results.


capsule) administration for 30 days on some liver function parameters and antagonize or decrease these effects by black seeds. Fifteen mature female rabbits randomly divided into three groups( 5 /group) drenched for 30 day: control group received physiological normal saline (1ml/kg B.W); first treated group T1 received green lean body capsule (4.2mg/kg B.W) ; second treated group T2 received green lean body capsule (4.2mg/kg B.W) and black seeds (28mg/kg B.W). Blood samples were collected via heart puncture pre treatment and day 30 of administration, the plasma liver function parameters reveled that green lean body capsule caused a significant increase in plasma total bilirubin, triglycerides, GOT and GPT enzymes, on the other hand decrease total cholesterol and glucose with un significant increase in total protein of T1 as compare to pretreatment, T2 and control while the T2 represented un significant changes in the above mentioned parameters as compare to pretreatment and control. In conclusions, the black seeds act as a defense factor against the destructive effect of green lean body capsule on the biochemical activity of hepatocyte.


Recent interest in morphing vehicles with multiple, optimized configurations has led to renewed research on biological flight. The flying vertebrates - birds, bats, and pterosaurs - all made or make use of various morphing devices to achieve lift to suit rapidly changing flight demands, including maneuvers as complex as perching and hovering. The first part of this paper will discuss these devices, with a focus on the morphing elements and structural strong suits of each creature. Modern flight correlations to these devices will be discussed and analyzed as valid adaptations of these evolutionary traits. The second part of the paper will focus on the use of active joint structures for use in morphing aircraft devices. Initial work on smart actuator devices focused on NASA Langley's Hyper-Elliptical Cambered Span (HECS) wing platform, which led to development of a discretized spanwise curvature effector. This mechanism uses shape memory alloy (SMA) as the sole morphing actuator, allowing fast rotation with lightweight components at the expense of energy inefficiency. Phase two of morphing actuator development will add an element of active rigidity to the morphing structure, in the form of shape memory polymer (SMP). Employing a composite structure of polymer and alloy, this joint will function as part of a biomimetic morphing actuator system in a more energetically efficient manner. The joint is thermally actuated to allow compliance on demand and rigidity in the nominal configuration. Analytical and experimental joint models are presented, and potential applications on a bat-wing aircraft structure are outlined.


In this paper we talk about an acquisition system for seismic data. The Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) is equipment designed to obtain the seismic marine data from the seabed. The main part of this paper is based in an application which controls the acquisition data of four measurement channels. This system has been tested in lab, getting the corresponding results.


The first part of the paper introduces the main operational differences, from a cable system perspective, between line commutated converter (LCC) and voltage source converter (VSC). As LCCs perform power reversal by inverting the DC voltage polarity, the general theory for cable insulation electrical stress calculation in this condition and the main reasons why it is a severe stress for extruded cables are reminded. In the second part, the development of the innovative High-Performance Thermoplastic Elastomer (HPTE) extruded material is introduced. This material presents superior electrical and thermal characteristics which will allow the use of extruded cables inside LCC systems. Several polarity reversal tests have been successfully carried out at different voltage levels up to 525kV and are presented in this paper for the first time. The test results are applied to a case study, where an HPTE cable is designed for an LCC application up to 2 GW.


Nondestructive techniques which show that neutron radiation raises the transition temperature from brittle to ductile behavior are described and discussed. The techniques are illustrated by measuring the mechanical properties of pressure vessel structural materials such as copper, carbon steel, and other steel materials. The equipment for measuring the mechanical properties and radiation damage is described. The effects interfering with the measurements are discussed along with the interpretation of the results. The optimum dimensions of the sample to be tested by the various methods are also discussed. (N.W.R.)


The authors present a case of a 4-year old girl, poisoned by an unknown substance. She died because of pericardial tamponade with parenteral nutrition solution.


We are completely devoted to study of comparatively new algebraic object about BCL algebras, introduced by the author. For BCL algebras naturally the question arises−satisfying the dual Liu's laws we introduce the notion of pseudocomplement and give new propositions. This paper is also concerned with lattices on BCL algebras. Some new results are established for pseudocomplemented BCL algebras (simply p-BCL algebras). We show that the Liu's completeness laws are very interesting−not just in BCL algebras, but also in lattice theory and set theory. Even in cosmology.


In a natural extension of the relativity principle, we speculate that a quantum theory of gravity involves two fundamental scales associated with both dynamical spacetime as well as dynamical momentum space. This view of quantum gravity is explicitly realized in a new formulation of string theory which involves dynamical phase-space and in which spacetime is a derived concept. This formulation naturally unifies symplectic geometry of Hamiltonian dynamics, complex geometry of quantum theory and real geometry of general relativity. The spacetime and momentum space dynamics, and thus dynamical phase-space, is governed by a new version of the renormalization group (RG).


a considerable influence on the technique and method of treatment of the fiber in manufacture. The density of a fiber in an inert medium such as benzene is usually very close to the value obtained for the over-all density. Porosity of these fibers is apparently very small and swelling must take place before there is appreciable penetration of the fiber. An anomalous density figure indicates penetration. The apparent density at any regain = 100 -fR/ [(100IDa)(RIDs)](1), where R is percentage regain, Da = apparent density of the dry fiber and Ds the density of the swelling medium. This permits calculation of the apparent density at any regain, knowing the apparent density of the dry fiber. The volume swelling which accompanies absorption of a swelling medium by a filter is readily calculated from density data. Percent volume swelling Sv = 100( Vr Vo)l / ° Vo (2), where Vr is the volume of the fiber at a regain of R, Vo is the volume of the fiber at zero regain. Do and Dr are the true ds of the fiber


This paper describes both the necessity of Physical and Logical Security management convergence and its implementation difficulty due to different organization models in most of the correspondent Security departments on enterprises and Administration organisms. This paper presents a methodology that makes it possible to comply with the ISO 31000 standard (for physical security) and ISO 27001 standard (for logical security) methodologies, analyzing simultaneously both information and physical assets. This paper presents an organization model proposal based on ISO 31000 standard (for physical security) and ISO 27001 standard (for logical security), and it integrates both models in the same company, being able to comply with both standards. The paper includes the proposed document structure for the model and a practical example of application.


Deregulation of epigenetic programming is crucial to tumorigenesis, yet the extent to which epigenetics plays a role in cancer susceptibility remains unclear. This work details systematic molecular investigations of the familial cancer predisposition syndrome, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), to garner a better understanding of the role of epigenetics in cancer susceptibility in humans. LFS is a prototypical cancer susceptibility syndrome characterized by a 73-100% lifetime incidence of developing at least one malignancy in affected individuals. The majority of LFS cases are associated with inherited or de novo mutations in the TP53 gene, encoding the tumor suppressor protein, p53. This work reports the first genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes from carriers of germline TP53 mutations, and reveals that TP53 mutation carriers harbor a distinct DNA methylation profile relative to noncarriers overall, and in subgroup analyses stratified by cancer diagnosis. Many TP53 mutationassociated differential methylation marks occur at previously characterized p53 transcription factor binding sites. In particular, striking hypomethylation of the miR-34A promoter, a known tumor suppressor in the p53 regulatory network, is detected in leukocytes from LFS patients in two independent cohorts. By contrast, miR-34A promoter hypermethylation is a recurrent epigenetic event in primary LFS tumors of various histologies and correlates with poor clinical iii outcome in patients with choroid plexus carcinomas. These findings suggest a role for miR-34A as an important tumor suppressor in LFS, and demonstrate that loss of miR-34A by somatic epimutation may comprise a step in neoplastic progression in this clinical context. Detailed molecular investigations to better understand the functional role of miR-34A in the background of mutant TP53 reveal that miR-34A is essential for cell viability and regulates a network of noncoding RNAs, including components of the minor spliceosome, as well as various long noncoding RNAs. The function of miR-34A in cell cycle states may be mediated by these transcriptional changes. Collectively, this work provides the first insights into the mechanisms by which germline TP53 mutations may confer cancer predisposition and implicates a novel gene, miR-34A, in the pathogenesis of TP53-associated human cancer susceptibility.


Mechanisms controlling the long‐ and short‐term variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and high‐elevation environmental change have largely been examined using low‐elevation or marine records with less emphasis on high‐elevation non‐marine records. We address this using a high‐resolution, long‐term record from upper Miocene–lower Pleistocene (~9.0–2.2 Ma) fluvio‐lacustrine strata in the Zhada Basin, southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Long‐term changes include the onset of lacustrine deposition, a decrease in mean grain size, and an increase in δ18Ocarb and δ13Ccarb values at ~6.0 Ma in response to basin closure following regional extension. This was followed by a return to palustrine/fluvial deposition, an increase in mean grain size, and a decrease in δ18Ocarb and δ13Ccarb values at ~3.5 Ma in response to tectonically driven long‐term ISM weakening. Spectral analysis reveals that high‐frequency variations in the δ18Ocarb record are dominated by 100 and ~20 kyr cycles from ~6.0–2.2 Ma. Wavelet and spectral analysis of the most densely sampled interval (4.23–3.55 Ma), tuned to the record of daily insolation (21 June at 35°N) confirms and highlights 100 and 20 kyr cycles. The tuned Pliocene δ18Ocarb record is coherent with the record of Northern Hemisphere insolation at precession periods but not at obliquity or eccentricity periods. Additionally, the tuned δ18Ocarb record is anticorrelated to the insolation record, indicating that stronger Northern Hemisphere insolation correlates with a stronger ISM. These results suggest that variations in daily insolation drove late Miocene–early Pleistocene high‐frequency ISM variability and environmental changes in the high‐elevation southwestern Tibetan Plateau.


INTRODUCTION: The etiology of HIV- associated anemia is multifactorial. We previously found a high prevalence of anaemia of inflammation and anemia due to micronutrient deficiencies in HIV patients (Eur J Pediatr 2012, 17:531). Inflammatory disease confounds the value of standard diagnostic markers, posing a challenge to the detection of iron deficient and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Using serum hepcidin as a biomarker, we tested the hypothesis that total body iron stores like inflammatory signals would also influence serum hepcidin levels in patients with HIV infection.

METHODS: Healthy subjects, patients with pure iron deficiency anemia (IDA) andpatients with HIV infection were prospectively enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Using sex adjusted WHO values for anemia diagnosis, ferritin <12µg/L, and CRP values, subjects were categorized into healthy and IDA groups (N Engl J Med 2015, 373:485). Using age adjusted WHO values for anemia, patients with HIV were divided into anemic and non-anemic groups. Using the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin (F) index, we defined those subjects with an sTfR-F index < 1.03 as having anemia of inflammation (AI) and those subjects with an sTfR-F index ≥1.03 as having IDA superimposed on AI (Am J Hematol. 2011, 86:923). All laboratory analytes were measured using standard commercial assays.

RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of the different groups in the study population are shown in table 1. Compared with healthy controls, mean hemoglobin was significantly lower in patients with pure IDA, HIV patients with anemia, and HIV patients without anemia (p<0.001). The serum soluble transferin receptor (sTfR) levels and serum erythropoietin levels were significantly elevated in pure IDA patients (p<0.001) and HIV patients with anemia (p<0.001) compared with healthy controls, reflecting erythropoietic stress. Compared with healthy controls, serum hepcidin levels were markedly lower in pure IDA patients (p<0.01) and HIV patients with anemia suggesting that iron status influenced hepcidin levels more profoundly than inflammation in HIV infected patients. We also measured erythrocyte ZPP levels and found them to be significantly higher in pure IDA patients (p<0.001) and HIV patients with anemia (p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. All HIV patients with anemia had an sTfR-F index ≥1.03 suggesting the presence of IDA superimposed on AI. Interestingly, serum hepcidin levels correlated inversely with the sTfR-F index in both patients with pure IDA (ρ=-0.76; p<0.001) and in HIV patients with anemia (ρ=-0.4; p<0.02). Similarly, ZPP levels correlated linearly with the sTfR-F index in pure IDA patients (ρ=0.6; p<0.002) and in HIV patients with anemia (ρ=0.5; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Our data shows significant differences in serum hepcidin and erythrocyte ZPP levels in healthy, IDA and HIV patients. These two biomarkers could be included in the panel of diagnostic tests used to detect iron deficiency anemia superimposed on anemia of inflammation. Further studies are needed to provide the appropriate cut-off values with which IDA can be detected with appropriate sensitivity and specificity in patients with anemia of inflammation. Such data may also be helpful in monitoring therapeutic responses to iron.

| | Healthy (n = 45) | Pure IDA (n=33) | HIV with anemia (n=46) | HIV without anemia (n=46) |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Age ± SD | 31±7.5 | 25±3.6 | 35±11.9 | 39±12 |
| Hemoglobin ± SD (g/dl) | 15.2±1.2 | 10.1±1.3a, c, d | 11±1.1a, d | 13.8±1.3a |
| MCV ± SD | 85±4.2 | 74±7.7 | 80±8.7 | 85±4.6 |
| Biochemical parameters |
| Serum Ferritin* (ng/mL) | 57 (43, 83) | 4.5a, c, d (3.1, 7) | 14a, d (7, 34) | 47 (32, 130) |
| Serum sTfR* (mg/L) | 1.7b, c (1.3, 2) | 4.3 (3, 6.3) | 2.5 (2, 3.7) | 1.8b, c (1.3, 2.1) |
| Serum Erythropoietin* (mU/mL) | 6.5b, c (4.9, 9.8) | 40 (28, 61) | 20b (13, 32) | 10b, c (5, 14) |
| Biomarkers |
| Serum Hepcidin* (ng/mL) | 20.6 (14.2, 25.6) | 0.5a (0.1, 3.3) | 11.6b (2.9, 29.8) | |
| Erythrocyte ZPP* (μmol/mol heme) | 50b, c (40, 58) | 200 (117, 247) | 101b (69, 131) | 56b, c (42, 75) |

* *All non Gaussian distributed data are presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile); a p < 0.05 compared with healthy subjects, bp < 0.05 compared with pure IDA patients, cp < 0.05 compared with HIV anemia patients, dp < 0.05 compared with HIV without anemia patients.

Table 1.
Haematological and biochemical parameters

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract : The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of co-dispersal of FP with other materials and tracers and to improve the representation of the efficiencies of the co-dispersal dissemination systems and the air sampling systems. The co-dispersal studies of FP 2267-Yellow and FP 3206-Green with other fluorescent tracers of various sizes, densities and colors and with BG were performed using the high speed centrifugal blower as a dissemination device. FP aerosol clouds comprised of up to four different fluorescent colors were generated, sampled and assessed. The reproducibility and limitations of co-dispersal results, the blower co-dispersal efficiency and new co-dispersal applications are described. The sampling performance of the membrane filter sampler was investigated. A collection efficiency of the Rotorod sampler was measured using standard procedures. Also, the collection efficiency was determined using modified collector shapes and coating procedures which were developed to enhance the assessability of the Rotorod FP collections. Sampling studies were conducted with the 6-second and 30-second Drum Pulsed Sequential FP sampler.


Polymeric membranes suffer from so called upper bound tradeoff between permeability and selectivity as described by Robeson. Polymer blending is a valuable technique to tune the properties of polymeric membranes by physical mixing of different polymers in a single mixture. In this study, preparation and characterization of newly developed polysulfone/polyethersulfone (PSF/PES) blend flat sheet dense membranes is described for CO2/CH4 separation. Blend membranes with different blending ratios were prepared and the developed membranes were characterized by FESEM, FTIR and TGA to see the effect of blend ratio on morphology, bonding and thermal stability respectively. Permeability of CO2 and CH4 gases in pressure range of 2-10 bar is recorded to find out the ideal selectivity of prepared membranes. The results are discussed and compared with individual polymer membranes.


{ A robust nite element technique is presented to compute overland ow applications. The stabilized nite element method is based on the set of entropy variables and is advanced in time via the semi-discrete generalized trapezoidal rule. The nonlinear system of equations is computed with a predictor multi-corrector algorithm, whose "explicit" versions can be employed with a convective CFL number of one. Several applications are presented. Key-Words: { Finite elements, stabilized methods, shallow water, irrigation


The χ 2 test is probably the most common test of association found in the nursing research literature. However, this test may often be misunderstood or the clinical nurse specialist may be unsure of how to use it or how to interpret the findings. The χ test is a nonparametric statistical test and is used to explore relationships or associations when data are categorical (nominal) and is useful when sample sizes are unequal. The χ test looks at the observed frequencies in the data compared with the expected frequencies. This column explains χ test variations and test assumptions, as well as provides information about how to set up contingency tables, and how to calculate and interpret the tests and the strength of the relationships. There are essentially 3 types of χ tests: a 1-sample test for independence, a 2-sample test for homogeneity, and a goodness-of-fit test. The differences lie in the research questions posed and the sampling procedures used, rather than the mathematical computations.


Do you believe that chemists and chemical engineers are as broadly cultured as physicians and surgeons?" This question is posed by Harry N. Holmes of Oberlin, a past ACS president and, of course, known by so many ACS members that he needs no introduction in any gathering of the chemical profession. Dr. Holmes supplies an emphatic "yes" as the answer to his question. He then proceeds to point out in his communication to the editor that "The American Medical Association has for years held an annual art exhibit in connection with its national meetings while chemist-artists have hidden their light, and paintings, under a bushel. Not so with the doctors. Life magazine once featured their art show, with reproductions in color." We leave it to the viewers of this art show as to whether Dr. Holmes has proved his point. He continues: "Why can't we put on a successful exhibit in connection with one of ...


Z‐contrast imaging in an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope can be used to observe and quantify the sizes, shapes, and compositions of the metal frames in supported mono‐, bi‐, and multimetallic metal clusters and can even detect the metal atoms in single‐metal‐atom complexes, as well as providing direct structural information characterizing the metal–support interface. Herein, we assess the major experimental challenges associated with obtaining atomic resolution Z‐contrast images of the materials that are highly beam‐sensitive, that is, the clusters readily migrate and sinter on support surfaces, and the support itself can drastically change in structure if the experiment is not properly controlled. Calibrated and quantified Z‐contrast images are used in conjunction with ex situ analytical measurements and larger‐scale characterization methods such as extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to generate an atomic‐scale understanding of supported catalysts and their function. Examples of the application of these methods include the characterization of a wide range of sizes and compositions of supported clusters, primarily those incorporating Ir, Os, and Au, on highly crystalline supports (zeolites and MgO).