Joost Halbertsma's Lexicon Frisicum, published by his son Tjalling in 1872, was the first dictionary to contain modern Frisian, spoken in the Dutch Province of Friesland. As such, it is considered the basis of modern Frisian lexicography. In his dictionary, Halbertsma focuses much attention on the cultural and linguistic history of the Frisians. At the same time, he was very concerned with the Netherlands as a free civil state, and he used ancient Frisian customs and habits to comment on the national and political situation of his time. Dykstra addresses criticism levelled at Halbertsma's dictionary, such as that it lacked internal consistency and coherence, tends to digress, and uses Latin as meta-language, making it largely inaccessible to Halberstma's contemporaries. Even with its shortcomings, Dykstra evaluates the ways in which Halbertsma's Lexicon Frisicum provides insight into various aspects of nineteenth-century linguistics, lexicography, culture, and cultural nationalism.


The velocity of compressional waves of ultrasonic frequencies in Danby marble was measured under external hydrostatic pressure to 20 kb and at elevated temperature to 180°C. The velocity-versus-pressure curves at elevated temperature show similar characteristics to the curves at room temperature. Namely, the velocity rises with pressure to a maximum and falls within a short range of pressure to a minimum and, after the minimum, rises again with pressure. Pairs of temperature and pressure values associated with the sudden change of velocity define the phase boundary of the structural transition; the slope of this phase boundary is determined as −76.7°C/kb. Comparing this slope with Bridgman's phase diagram for calcite I-II-III, and the phase diagram of calcite-argonite, I can show that the structural transition associated with the sudden change of velocity is calcite I to calcite II. Neither the calcite II to calcite III nor the calcite to aragonite transition appeared in the present experiment. An additional evidence for this final statement is found from the volumetric discontinuity of Danby marble determined by the standard method of piston displacement. A discontinuity of 0.0031 cm3/g was located at 15.8–16 kb. No further phase transitions are detected at higher pressure to 20 kb. The abnormal behavior of ultrasonic velocity at the phase transition may be caused by, small oscillations of the domain boundaries between the two phases in the mixture in response to the small stress pulses.


OBJECTIVE: To determine correlation of cardiac troponin T elevation in acute ischemic stroke with clinical outcome and potential cardiac sources of embolism.
 BACKGROUND: Elevated of plasma cardiac troponin T, biomarker of myocardial necrosis, is often seen in acute ischemic stroke patients. Although previous studies aimed to reveal the mechanism of elevated cardiac troponin T in ischemic stroke, the mechanism is not clearly defined.
 DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 196 patients with acute ischemic stroke who admitted between October 2013 and September 2014, The Cardiac troponin T level, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale at discharge were analyzed. Normal troponin T range of our lab is below 14ng/l.
 RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 (±14.821) and 118 (60.2[percnt]) patients were male. Forty-eight (24.4[percnt]) out of 196 patients showed elevated cardiac troponin T level at admission. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin T level was older than patients with normal cardiac troponin T level. (73.4 vs. 62.0; p=0.000). Patients with elevated cardiac troponin T had higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (6.31 vs. 3.85; p=0.02), and more poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale at discharge, 2.81 vs. 1.91; p=0.001). The cardiac troponin T levels of all patients who had known potential cardiac sources of embolism were higher than no risk group (0.024 vs. 0.11; p=0.025), but specific sources like atrial fibrillation (0.032 vs. 0.012; p=0.057) and hypokinesia/akinesia of LV (0.037 vs 0.013; p=0.195) was not shown significant correlation.
 CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cardiac troponin T level after acute ischemic stroke is frequently seen and suggests likely to present of potential cardiac sources of embolism. However, there is no correlation with specific sources.
 Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose.


In this paper, in order to improve the performance and power dissipation of a chip, we present an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) using the "Power-performance tunable Pseudo-Dynamic topology". To achieve this, we have designed basic logic gates such as AND, OR and XOR. The general idea of the logic was inspired from the pseudo-dynamic logic [1]. The input and output of this logic are compatible with static gates and can replace them with pseudo-dynamic gates. The pulse generation in the intermediate nodes decreases the power dissipation. This logic uses skewing supply voltage to tune the threshold voltage which provides performance and power dissipation controllability. Although owing to the larger number of transistors used for the same functionality, pseudo-dynamic topology acquires a larger footprint as compared to static CMOS topology, but its delay and overall power dissipation is certainly better than Static CMOS logic.For carrying out our simulations and transient analysis, we used Cadence® Virtuoso® Schematic Editor and ADEL Simulator.


A liquid refractive index sensor based on a fiber loop mirror (FLM) combined with an etched polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) is proposed. As the etched section of the PMF is immersed in liquid with different refractive indices, the interference spectrum of the FLM presents high sensitivity to the surrounding-medium refractive index. High sensitivity of 25.29 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and resolution of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$7.91\times 10^{-4}$</tex></formula> RIU are achieved for the proposed refractive index sensor. This sensor is also capable of simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature.


Analysis of selected physical factors of the environment in the technological processes of surface treatment of wood with the presence of hazardous substances. The paper is an analysis of selected environmental factors in technological processes of surface treatment of wood using paints and products containing hazardous chemicals, as well as forming the dust aerosols that are generated when pretreatment and refinished in different layers of coating systems. Attention is paid to environmental proposal in developing new advanced types of filters bicomponent synthetic fibers blended with high filtration efficiency capture of solid aerosols and dangerous chemicals.


[Problem] To provide a solar cell which is increased in the conversion efficiency in comparison to conventional solar cells that use chalcopyrite-type p-type light absorption layers.
[Solution] A light absorption layer of a solar cell of the present invention is a p-type semiconductor layer that contains Cu, Ga and an element that is selected from among the group VIb elements. In the photoluminescence spectrum or the cathode luminescence spectrum obtained from the light absorption layer, there is an emission peak that has a half value width of from 1 meV to 15 meV (inclusive). With respect to the surface of the light absorption layer, the ratio of the surface area of the whole film occupied by the particles having particle diameters of from 2 μm to 8 μm (inclusive) is 90% or more.


Gilbert Achcar, a teacher at the School of Oriental and African Studies speaks about the concept of Arab nationalism following the war in Iraq. Achcar also elaborates on the Israel-Palestine situation as being one of a no-state solution.


We present an approach to extract descriptors for the analysis of grey-level textures in images. Similarly to the classical multifractal analysis, the method subdivides the texture into regions according to a local Hölder exponent and computes the fractal dimension of each subset. However, instead of estimating such exponents (by means of the mass-radius relation, wavelet leaders, etc.) we propose using a local version of BouligandMinkowski dimension. At each pixel in the image, this approach provides a scaling relation which fits better to what is expected from a multifractal model than the direct use of the density function. The performance of the classification power of the descriptors obtained with this method was tested on the Brodatz image database and compared to other previously published methods used for texture classification. Our method outperforms other approaches confirming its potential for texture analysis.


A 44-year-old male was evaluated for an iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic investigation revealed marked serpiginous ulceration of the proximal small intestine due to a B cell lymphoma. Endoscopic small intestinal mucosal biopsies revealed a nodular lymphoid infiltrate, and polymerase chain reaction of biopsy material from the same site demonstrated rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene, the molecular equivalent of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation. Primary small bowel follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Endoscopic tissue biopsies for immunophenotyping, molecular genetic studies or both are a valuable diagnostic aid for precise classification of lymphoid neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract.


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While comparison of the torque produced by the ac machines of a given topology is, today, a standard feature of the machine design process, comparison of machines from different families of machine types is less frequently undertaken. This two-part article compares the torque performance of 12 types of ac machines based on the same current density level, flux density level, and rotor dimensions. A new "tau" factor is introduced as means for a comparison of any ac machine with an "ideal" machine based upon Essen's equation.


In this paper, we introduce a higher-order MRF optimization framework. On the one hand, it is very general; we thus use it to derive a generic optimizer that can be applied to almost any higher-order MRF and that provably optimizes a dual relaxation related to the input MRF problem. On the other hand, it is also extremely flexible and thus can be easily adapted to yield far more powerful algorithms when dealing with subclasses of high-order MRFs. We thus introduce a new powerful class of high-order potentials, which are shown to offer enough expressive power and to be useful for many vision tasks. To address them, we derive, based on the same framework, a novel and extremely efficient message-passing algorithm, which goes beyond the aforementioned generic optimizer and is able to deliver almost optimal solutions of very high quality. Experimental results on vision problems demonstrate the extreme effectiveness of our approach. For instance, we show that in some cases we are even able to compute the global optimum for NP-hard higher-order MRFs in a very efficient manner.


Fırat University School of Foreign Languages, Turkey firstname.lastname@example.com Offering blended courses has increasingly become common at tertiary education though it is relatively new in the field of language teaching. This paper describes the design of a blended language course through Moodle in an efl context with an emphasis on students' perceptions. In a survey based approach, a total of 68 university students' experiences with blended language learning for two consecutive terms were examined. The questionnaire items focused on the effect of blended design on students' engagement, learning and overall course satisfaction. Student responses revealed that technology-assisted language instruction provided in parallel with face to face teaching could create efficient learning environments.


In this paper, an activity-led learning approach is applied to computer graphics students at Masaryk University for the Master's course called "Augmented Reality Interfaces". The scope of this research is to demonstrate the learning effectiveness of augmented reality and project development approaches for higher education teaching. Students were presented with the theoretical background in augmented reality in the classical way (lectures) and were asked to implement the assignment using active learning approaches. The aim of the assignment was to design and implement an augmented reality interface demonstrating various computer graphics aspects which could be used to enhance the teaching process. Their main focus was to concentrate on three aspects: interface design, interaction mediums and collaboration aspects. Data was collected for two consecutive academic years (one semester with 13 weeks per year) and results showed a very high pass-rate as well as increased engagement and student satisfaction. However, students found that this sort of approach is harder than other approaches.


THE past 30 or so years have seen a considerable reduction in the incidence of clinical mastitis, with the national average now 43 cases per 100 cows per annum compared with over 120 in 1968. This reduction has been achieved through the adoption of the then National Institute for Research in Dairying's 'Five Point Plan' which has reduced the amount of contagious mastitis and has led to a fall in the national cell count from over 600,000/ml in the late 1960s to under 180,000/ml in 1998. Over this period the level of environmental clinical mastitis has increased slightly. This may be due to the larger herd sizes, the pressures put on the environment during the housed period and the greater milk flow rates associated with higher yields which have produced an increasingly open teat canal. This article discusses the principal risk factors associated with environmental mastitis and sets out a number of practical control measures.


Objective To observe the NF-κB activity and expression of NF-κB mRNA change after traumatic brain injury in rats,and to research the mechanism in secondary brain injury.Methods 48 male rats were randomly divided into Sham operation group(Sham group,n=6)and traumatic brain injury group(STBI group,n=42).The rat TBI model was established by improved Feeney method.The pathological change was observed through HE staining,and the activity of NF-κB and TNF-α was judged by immunohistochemistry staining.The mRNA level of NF-κB was detected by RT-qPCR.Results The activity of NF-κB after traumatic brain injury was significantly higher(P0.05),and the activity of TNF-α was increased(P0.05).The activity of NF-κB and TNF-α were positively correlated(r=0.519,P0.05).The expression of NF-κB in 3 h and 6 h were higher than that in the Sham group(P0.05),the rest had no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusions The NF-κB is excessively activated in traumatic brain injury,which is consistent with the change of TNF-α and the pathological change.The NF-κB may play an important role in secondary brain injury.


We investigate a new numerical approach for the computation of the three-dimensional flow in a discrete fracture network that does not require a conforming discretization of partial differential equations on complex three-dimensional systems of planar fractures. The discretization within each fracture is performed independently of the discretization of the other fractures and of their intersections. An independent meshing process within each fracture is a very important issue for practical large-scale simulations, making mesh generation easier. Some numerical simulations are given to show the viability of the method. The resulting approach can be naturally parallelized for dealing with systems with a huge number of fractures.


Ball−shaped concretions ("cannon balls") commonly occur in a marine, or − ganic carbon−rich sedimentary sequence (Innkjegla Member) of the Carolinefjellet Forma− tion (Aptian-Albian) in Spitsbergen. The sedimentologic, petrographic and geochemical investigation of these concretions in the Kapp Morton section at Van Mijenfjorden gives in− sight into their origin and diagenetic evolution. The concretion bodies commenced to form in subsurface environment in the upper part of the sulphate reduction (SR) diagenetic zone. They resulted from pervasive cementation of uncompacted sediment enriched in frambo− idal pyrite by non−ferroan (up to 2 mol% FeCO3) calcite microspar at local sites of enhanced decomposition of organic matter. Bacterial oxidation of organic matter provided most of carbon dioxide necessary for concretionary calcite precipitation ( 13 CCaCO3 -21‰ VPDB). Perfect ball−like shapes of the concretions originated at this stage, reflecting isotropic per− meability of uncompacted sediment. The concretion bodies cracked under continuous burial as a result of amplification of stress around concretions in a more plastic sediment. The crack systems were filled by non−ferroan (up to 5 mol% FeCO3) calcite spar and blocky pyrite in deeper parts of the SR−zone. This cementation was associated with impregnation of parts of the concretion bodies with microgranular pyrite. Bacterial oxidation of organic matter was still the major source of carbon dioxide for crack−filling calcite precipitation ( 13 CCaCO3 -19‰ VPDB). At this stage, the "cannon−ball" concretions attained their final shape and texture. Subsequent stages of concretion evolution involved burial cementation of rudimentary pore space with carbonate minerals (dolomite/ankerite, siderite, calcite) un− der increased temperature ( 18 OCa,Mg,FeCO3 -14‰ VPDB). Carbon dioxide for mineral pre− cipitation was derived from thermal degradation of organic matter and from dissolution of skeletal carbonates ( 13 CCa,Mg,FeCO3 -8‰ VPDB). Kaolinite cement precipitated as the last diagenetic mineral, most probably during post−Early Cretaceous uplift of the sequence. Key wor ds:Arctic, Svalbard, Lower Cretaceous, "cannon−ball" concretions, diagenesis.


The popularity of peer-to-peer file sharing applications has created a flurry of recent research activity into peer-to-peer technology but brings other severe challenges for network loads. M6P2P system takes the benefits of P2P and IPv6 multicast technology together to provide reliable and area-crossed multicast. This paper describes the M6P2P design and architecture, addresses the principle and performance concerns. The results show that M6P2P can provide good performance but reduce network loads dramatically.


We explore the debates around Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a mechanism of Global Corporate Governance in an age of growing globalization. Previous research has looked at how differences in National Business Systems (NBS) can affect national level differences in CSR but has neglected to investigate how these mechanisms can account for the gap between the differential national commitment to, and achievement of, the objectives related to CSR. We theorize about the potential to discover NBS characteristics that can explain the extent of the 'gap' between the commitment to, and achievement of, objectives related to CSR and how this can inform future research and policy making.


Background: The electronic growth in the past decade has flooded the consumer markets globally with new electronic inventions which has eased the human life and also making some older electronic models obsolete. These etiological factors have led to a massive generation of electronic wastes.This rise in the generation of e – wastes have also led to various health hazards which occur due to the metals which are used in the manufacturing of these electronic gadgets.This study focuses on the prevalence of gadgets used by medical students and their awareness about the e – wastes management and disposal techniques. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the medical students of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Thirumazhisai,Chennai,Tamil Nadu from January 2020 to June 2020. Universal sampling technique was employed and the students who were willing to participate in the study were included, thus 189 medical students were identified for the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated for background variables and for use of gadgets and knowledge of e – waste management. Results: In the present study, with regard to the use of gadgets, 111 (58.8%) of them reported that they used the mobile phones for a duration of 1 – 6 hours and 81 (42.9%) reported that they changed their mobile phones once in two years. With regard to awareness on e – waste management, it was found that 133 (70.4%) of them were unaware of any method of e – waste disposal while 135 (71.4%) subjects were unaware of safety measures, 103 (54.5%) subjects were unaware of the benefits and 164 (86.8%) of the subjects were unaware of the government regulations on e – waste disposal. Conclusion:This study shows a poor knowledge and practices regarding e – waste management thus reflects on the need to educate the community about the rise in the health hazards of e – wastes and the importance of reclycling, reusing the e – wastes


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the effectiveness of teaching in economics. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides as a case study, the authors' reflections on a first-year "learning community" at a US liberal arts college, which combined courses on political science and economics to explore issues of political economy, including poverty and social mobility. Findings – The authors argue that, compared with standard delivery, using literature allows increased student access to and, thus, greater engagement with certain theoretical concepts. More specifically, literature can open avenues for critical thought, and challenge pre-existing views, when it illuminates controversial questions without providing obvious answers. It is this open-ended aspect of literature that seems to provide the best opportunity for increased student engagement and critical thinking. Research limitations/implications – The arguments in this paper are based on authors' reflections and would benefit...


Culture can be regarded as the free and reasonable human action, but to cany it out, man should have a clear axiological system. Today, in the era of syncretism and the existing multiple cultures, it is very common to observe man's vanishing and alienation. Relationships in the society have to retake the person's setting and humanization, and its education in terms of values.


A few years ago, it came to mind when both of us were teaching a minimal access (laparoscopic) surgery course in the
Cuschieri Skills Center in Dundee, Scotland, that here we were, teaching young surgeons the basic and advanced skills in
colorectal surgery and that we had never been taught how to do so.


Judaism, from its biblical beginnings, conveys a peculiar synthesis of historical and religious perception. Divine revelation to Israel is perceived as an historical event, and history is believed to be subject to divine interference, guided by ethical considerations. The moral failings of history will be resolved in the last days by an act of God. This approach has had far-reaching impact on Western civilisation.


The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the roles that transformational leaders played in the success of an E-Commerce organization. The members of the executive leadership team, including the founders, were interviewed. The interviews were guided by a set of scripted questions intended to explore the transformational leadership styles of the participants. Particular emphasis was placed on the relationship between the leadership team and the way customers were approached, and between the ways that the leaders made use of the Internet environment.
It was found that the transformational leadership styles of the executive level leaders played a key rote in the success of the organization. The previous experiences that the executive team brought to the organization provided a formula for transformational leadership that ensured success.
In conclusion, reflecting a transformational leadership trait, the vision of success embodied by the leaders infused throughout the organization. The vision of success was internalized by all team members. The executive leadership appealed to the higher intellectual needs of everyone in the organization to empower them toward success; acquisition by a larger organization.


The modern power grid is being used under operating conditions of increasing stress, giving rise to grid stability issues. One of these stability issues is the phenomenon of inter-area oscillations. Simulations have demonstrated the advantages of Wide-area Measurement Signals (WAMS)-based Oscillation Damping Controls in achieving improved electromechanical mode damping compared to traditional, local signal-based Power System Stabilizers (PSS). This work takes an existing Phasor-based oscillation damping (POD) algorithm and uses it to implement a proof-of-concept, wide-area, real-time controller on National Instruments hardware. The developed prototype is tested in a real-time Hardware-in-the-loop setup (RT-HIL) using OPAL-RT's eMEGASIM real-time simulation platform and synchrophasor data from actual Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The prototype and experiments provide insight into the feasibility and real-world limitations of wide-area controls. Further, it is demonstrated how the proposed control architecture has applications independent of the controlled power system device. Challenges faced, the solutions implemented together with the present prototype's limitations are also discussed.


The study of ideas of Europe in the works of Albert Camus is a relatively recent aspect of Camus scholarship, but one that has tended towards the teleological, reading Camus's stance on Europe as pioneering or at least anticipating modernday European integration. This article proposes a re-reading of Camus's Lettres à un ami allemand , of which the third letter (written in 1944) is one of the strongest expressions of Europeanism in the Camusian oeuvre. Unlike existing scholarship, it situates this text in the context of the various understandings of Europe of the resistance movements and the collaborators in Occupied France. Based on Higgins's understanding of resistance poetry as an effort to reappropriate language, and through comparison with Camus's hitherto largely ignored book review of works by Brice Parain, the article demonstrates how Camus's text constitutes an effort to reappropriate the discourse of Europe.


【Object】To discuss the classification and treatment effect evaluation and genetic analysis of hyperphenylalaninemia(HPA) in Shandong.【Mthods】396 cases of HPA diagnosed by newborn screening in Jinan Classified according to BH4 loading test and urine pterin analysis.Different treatments were given and mornitor the concentration of Phe.The treatment effect was evaluated by the body development and mental development.【Result】Among 396 cases of HPA,356 of them were PAHD,40 cases of BH4D,128 cases of BH4 responsed PAHD.There was no statistically significant difference between the different types of HPA patients and normal children by the body development,including weight and height.132 cases of HPA patients had normal mental development among 155 HPA.IQ of classical PKU(PAHD) showed negative correlation with the concentration of phe.IQ of BH4D patients corresponded with the diagnosed time.There were 6 gene mutation among 11 BH4D patients.42.1% of them were 259CT.【Conclusions】The different clinic and biochemical HPA patients have no statistically significant difference for the body development after treatment while they have statistically significant difference for the intelligence development.The intelligence development level for Classical PKU corresponded with the concentration of Phe while that for BH4D corresponded with the diagnosed time.259CT is the most common mutation of BH4D.


In article it is indicated the modern and corrected taking into account requirements of the present traditional and innovative approaches to formation of personnel strategy of the organizations and a role of HR department in management of human resources


WAHYU MARDIANA. 8105141518. The Effect of Organizational culture and
Organizational Commitment on Performance at Employees of Lembaga
Administrasi Negara Division Introduction Introduction. Essay. Jakarta:
Economic Education Study Program, Faculty of Economics, State University of
Jakarta, July 2018.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is influence between
organizational culture and discipline of work on performance at employees of
Lembaga Administrasi Negara. This study was conducted for four months starting
from March to July 2018. The method used in this research is survey method with
correlational approach. Population taken in this research is all employees of
Lembaga Administrasi Negara with its affordable population is the Delivery
Division of Reproduction Healthy 97 people. While the sample is determined based
on Michael and Isaac table that obtained the number of samples of 75 employees.
The sampling technique in this study is Proportional Random Sampling which is a
simple random technique. Data variable Y (Performance) is performance data
obtained from SKP which is data July 2018. Furthermore, data X1 (Organizational
culture) is the primary data obtained from the dissemination of research
instruments in the form of questionnaires with measurements using Likert scale.
Furthermore, the variable data X2 (Organizational Commitment) is secondary data
obtained from the dissemination of research instruments in the form of
questionnaires with measurements using Likert scale. Further data is processed
using SPSS version 22.0. The data analysis technique starts with the Requirements
Analysis Test, which is by testing the normality of the results of the performance
data (Y) 0.200, organizational culture (X1) of 0.200, Organizational Commitment
(X2) of 0.182, because the three results are greater than 0.05, it can concluded that
the data is normally distributed, then the linearity test, then continued with the
classical assumption test that is multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity. Then
the third is the multiple regression equation obtained by result Ŷ=
60.848+0,27X
1
+0,46X
2
. Then the fourth is hypothesis test using table F and table
t. Based on F test calculation, the result of Fcount is 5,278. While the magnitude of
Ftable is 3.12, it can be said that organizational culture and Organizational
Commitment together affect performance. Then based on the calculation of t test,
obtained thitung results from organizational culture 2.1444> t table 1.993. While
the t count of the Organizational Commitment of 2,877> t table 1.98. The
conclusion is that organizational culture and Organizational Commitment have an
effect on performance partially. The last one is the coefficient of determination
obtained the value of R2 is 0.43. Thus, the ability of the culture organizations and
Organizational Commitment to explain the simultaneous performance of 43%
while the remaining 43% is influenced by other factors not examined.
Keywords: Organizational culture, Organizational Commitment, Performance


Nowadays, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the design of valves is very common. Despite the continuing growth of computing capability, the computational cost of complex three-dimensional CFD analysis of butterfly valve maintains high, therefore, the CFD analysis-based optimization becomes more time-consuming and computational expensive. In this paper, a comparative study on the use of multiple approximate models including polynomial response surface, Kriging model, support vector regression and radial basis neural networks, which have been well used for a variety of engineering optimizations, is performed for the prediction and optimization of fluid performance of a butterfly valve. Several types of error analysis corresponding to the four surrogate models are compared to identify the final optimum result and which model is more proper for this case. This study gives a deep insight into the use of multiple surrogate models for the design and optimization of a butterfly valve.


Introduction Biomass flash pyrolysis is a very promising thermochemical process for the production of bio-liquids and/or chemicals [1, 2]. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass has recently gained a lot of research interest for the production of bio-liquids from biomass flash pyrolysis in a single catalytic stage. However, early works have shown that the use of catalysts usually leads to additional water and coke production and to a decrease in the yield of organic products [3, 4]. Additionally, due to the fast catalyst deactivation during the biomass catalytic pyrolysis a catalyst regeneration step is necessary. Consequently, the fully circulating fluid bed (CFB) technology is the best technology for this process. CPERI has extended experience in CFB technology for the FCC process. For biomass pyrolysis, CPERI has constructed a once through transported fluid bed unit. A detailed description of the unit and its operation has been given elsewhere [5]. The main disadvantage of the once through configuration is that it cannot run for a long time since spent catalyst should be reloaded manually into the regenerator. For the above reasons CPERI recently revamped this once through unit to a fully circulating system. CPERI has also experience in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for the production of an upgraded biooil. Catalyst evaluation takes place in a bench scale unit, while commercial catalysts have also been evaluated in the Pilot Plant unit to correlate the two units. This allows the fast screening of different catalytic materials. The characterization of the produced biooil, the assessment of the achieved deoxygenation and the distribution of liquid products into different groups such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols, carbonylic compounds, furans, acids etc. is very important for both the understanding of the catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms and the evaluation of the effect of different catalytic materials on the end products. For these reasons several techniques have been developed that allow the determination of the elemental analysis of the produced biooil, its water yield and the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the distribution of the different chemical groups. In this paper, the effect of several catalysts on the quality and yield of biooil will be investigated in the bench scale unit. Deoxygenation and GCMS analysis of the produced biooil are two important factors that will be thoroughly reviewed. In addition, data from the bench scale unit is compared to those received from the pilot plant unit so that a correlation between the two units is achieved.


The biomonitoring study presents the comparison of distribution of heavy metals in seawater and the soft tissues of two major fouling species Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) and Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841) collected from Levent Marina (Izmir) in Autumn 2008 and in Spring 2009. The results showed that two studied species of barnacles are excellent biomonitors and have the ability to accumulate Cu, Fe and Zn in a higher degree than seawater.


From silicon carbide (SiC) provides a template or nanowire semiconductor fin structure, the semiconductor structure comprises a crystal oriented in parallel to the graphene or carbon nanotubes, nanoribbons. First providing fins or SiC nanowires, then annealed in forming the fin or the carbon nanotubes, or graphene nanoribbon exposed surface of the nanowires. In embodiments where a closed carbon nanotube nanowire is suspended prior to annealing. Position graphene and carbon nanotubes nanoribbons provided, corresponding to the alignment fins and silicon carbide formed by the chirality of graphene and carbon nanotubes, nanoribbons and nanowires used determined.


We analyze the current status of digital campus construction, existent problems and cloud computing virtualization technology, and discuss the functions of cloud computing virtualization technology in construction of digital campus integration of resources, resource load balancing, energy conservation, etc. And we propose digital campus virtualized pool of infrastructure based on cloud computing virtualization technology.


In this paper,a plasma arc welding machine is designed and its' automatic control system is designed on the basis of PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)whose model is FXON-24.It introduces something about the welding machine's PLC control system, such as control requirement,distribution of I/O and welding sequence need,and it also states the process that how plasma arc is established.The experiment proves that the PLC welding machine can meet the requirement of plasma arc automatic welding.


The utility model relates to a back-flushing shell and tube type heat exchanger. When the heat exchanger runs for a long time, the heat exchanger has sedimentation filth and scale formation, which not only adds the resistance force of a system and a facility and adds the energy consumption of a water pump, but also adds the dirtiness resistance of the heat exchanger to influence heat transfer effect. The back-flushing shell and tube type heat exchanger comprises a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, wherein one end of which is provided with a back-flushing shell cover 18 which comprises a stepping motor 1 and a rotary valve sheet 3 which is arranged in a couple axle 15 of the stepping motor 1, and the rotary valve sheet 3 is arranged at the middle of a right valve sheet 2 and a left valve sheet 4 in the back-flushing shell cover. The utility model is used for the technical field of heat application, air conditioning, refrigeration, chemical industry, etc.


Two-dimensional arrays of ultra-small superconducting grains, weakly coupled by Josephson junctions, are known to provide rich quantum dynamics at the macroscopic level [1]. More interesting dynamics comes to play when frustration is introduced by magnetic fields [2] and by external charges [3]; these control the numbers of vortices and Cooper pairs. Two characteristic energy scales characterize these systems: EJ the Josephson energy is associated with Cooper pairs tunneling between islands, and Ec the charging energy needed to add extra charges to an island. The competition between electron effects and Josephson effect gives rise to a wealth of classical ( 1) c J E E / and quantum ( 1) c J E E / phenomena. We consider two identical parallel Josephson Junction arrays with capacitive coupling between them. This system has been investigated in [4, 5] with the aim of showing the existence of a duality between charges and vortices. The focus in [4] was on the situation when one array is in the quasi-classical (vortex) regime while the other is in the quantum (charge) regime. The resulting effective action describes dual charges in one array and vortices in the other, and in contrast to the one-layer problem, these are dynamic degrees of freedom. Another appealing feature of coupling two layers of Josephson junction arrays is the possibility to tune independently the interlayer capacitance and thereby control the interaction between vortices and charges. Our study is motivated by a remarkable analogy between vortex dynamics and cyclotronic motion of electrons [6]. In fact, vortices accumulate geometric


In July 2010, a Society Islands' 'tamau', or headdress of human hair, collected on James Cook's second famous Pacific voyage of 1772-74, which had been missing since 1776, was 'rediscovered' at the University of Oxford's Pitt Rivers Museum. A report of its rediscovery is followed by a technical description, an account of its conservation, and a partly speculative discussion of its history and provenance.


The Bodendorf reservoir is located in the province of Styria in Austria. The high sedimentation rate of about 4 % per year decreased the reservoir volume from 900.000 m to 300.000 m in only 12 operation years. To reduce the high amount of deposited sediments, a first reservoir flushing was carried out in 1994. Since the first flushing a more or less frequently reservoir flushing was established. Through the Interreg IIIb project ALPRESERV a detailed study of the flushing event in 2004 was conducted. The recorded bathymetry data, water levels, discharge rates and the measured grain size distributions at the bed were used as boundary condition for a flushing simulation. The used numerical model solves the Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations in three-dimensions. The turbulence is simulated by the standard k-ε model and the pressure is computed accordingly to the SIMPLE method. The program uses an adaptive and unstructured grid which moves during the computation with changes in the bed and water levels. The suspended sediment transport is calculated by solving the convection-diffusion equation and the bed-load transport by the empirical formulas from Meyer-Peter Müller and van Rijn. Bed forms are taken into account in the study by an empirical formula from van Rijn. The presented results of the simulation show agreement in the amount of flushed out sediments. A comparison of the measured and simulated cross sections after the flushing is given in this study. This comparison also shows the sensitivity of the results in relation to different bed-load transport formulas.


Forward . Chapter 1 Introduction Cancer Biology and Terminology A Definition of Tumour: A Definition of Cancer Nomenclature Cancer Biology The Causes of Cancer Suggested Further Reading . Chapter 2 Paraneoplastic Syndromes Introduction Specific Syndromes: Hypercalcaemia Hypoglycemia Hypertrophic Osteopathy (HO) Dermatological Paraneoplastic Syndromes Haematologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes Mast cell degranulatio Cancer Cachexia Pyrexia Associated with Neoplasia . Chapter 3 Clinical Approach to the Cancer Patient Introduction Determining the Type of Tumour O Tumour Staging Staging For Solitary Tumours. Imaging Technolgies and Their Indications in Oncology Staging for Disseminated or Multicentric Disease: Assessment of General Clinical Health . Chapter 4 Biopsy, Tissue Handling and Interpretation Introduction Is Pre-treatment Biopsy Necessary? Post-Surgical Biopsy is essential for: Pre-Biopsy Considerations Cytology Procedures in Cytology Practical Cytological Interpretation Needle Biopsy Skin Punch Biopsy Incisional Biopsy Excisional biopsy Choosing Biopsy Procedures Bone Marrow Biopsy Tissue Preparation and Handling after Biopsy Interpretation of Histopathology Reports The Pathology Submission Check List Immunohistochemistry . . Chapter 5 Cancer Treatment Modalities Choosing the appropriate Modality Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Novel Therapies Palliative Care . Chapter 6 Tumours of the Skin and Subcutis Introduction Classification Common Clinical Findings Diagnosis Staging for Canine and Feline Epidermal and Dermal Tumours General treatment options for skin tumours Epithelial Tumours Feline Squamous Carcinoma Canine Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mesenchymal Tumours Decision Tree For Soft-Tissue Tumours Injection Site Sarcomas in Cats Round Cell Tumours Melanocytic Tumours Ear Canal Tumours of Dogs and Cats . Chapter 7 Mast Cell Tumours. Part 1: Cutaneous mast cell tumours in the dog Introduction Pathology and behaviour Clinical presentation Diagnostic investigations Staging Prognostic factors Predictors of behaviour at presentation Treatment options . Part 2: Feline Mast Cell Disease Introduction Cutaneous Feline MCTs Visceral (splenic and intestinal) MCTs Pathology and behaviour Clinical presentation Diagnostic investigations Staging Treatment options Prognostic factors Splenic Mast Cell Tumors Intestinal Mast Cell Tumors . Chapter 8 Canine and Feline Histiocytic Disorders Introduction Histiocyte Biology Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma Decision Tree Systemic Histiocytosis Haemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma Feline Histiocytic Sarcoma . Chapter 9 Canine Lymphoma and Leukaemia Lymphoma Canine Leukaemias Feline Leukaemia . Chapter 11 Splenic Tumours Differential diagnoses for splenic masses in the dog and cat Differential diagnoses for Uniform splenomegaly in the dog and ca Diagnostic Decision Tree in Splenic lesions Tumours usually associated with metastatic disease in the spleen . . Chapter 12 Gastrointestinal Tumours General Clinical Features Associated with Gastrointestinal Malignancies A General Diagnostic Decision Tree in Gastrointestinal Tumours Oral Tumours Salivary Tumours in Dogs and Cats Oesophageal Tumours in Dogs and Cats Gastric Tumours in Dogs and Cats Intestinal and Rectal Tumours Perianal Tumours Hepatobiliary Tumours Exocrine Pancreatic Tumours . Chapter 13 Tumours of the Respiratory System Nasosinal tumours in dogs Nasosinal tumours in cats Laryngeal Tumours in Dogs Laryngeal Tumours in Cats Tracheal Tumours in Dogs and Cats Lung Tumours in Dogs Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis in the Dog Lung Tumours in Cats . Chapter 14 Endocrine Tumours Tumours of the Endocrine System and their associated syndromes: Pituitary and Adrenal (functional glucocorticoid secreting) Tumours Somatotroph Tumours (Causing feline Acromegaly) Adrenal Gland Tumours The Incidental Adrenal Mass Thyroid Tumours in Dogs Feline Thyroid Tumours Parathyroid Tumours Islet b-Cell Tumours of the Pancreas Miscellaneous Endocrine Tumours . Chapter 15 Tumours of the urinary system Lower Urinary Tract tumours Upper Urinary Tract tumours . . Chapter 16 Tumours of the Reproductive Tract. Part 1: The Female Reproductive Tract Ovarian Tumours Uterine Tumours Vaginal and Vulval Tumours Transmissible Venereal Tumour(TVT) . Part 2: Tumours of the Male Reproductive Tract Prostatic Carcinoma Testicular Tumours Tumours of the Penis and Prepuce: . . Chapter 17 Canine and Feline Mammary Tumours Canine Mammary Gland Tumours (MGT) Classification of Canine and Feline Mammary Tumours Feline Mammary Tumours . Chapter 18 Tumours of the Musculoskeletal System Bone tumours Soft tissue sarcomas in Dogs Notes on FISS cases and their management Histiocytic sarcoma (localised). Histiocytic sarcoma (disseminated). Prognosis - soft tissue sarcomas in dogs and cats . Chapter 19 Tumours of the Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves and Special Senses Tumours of the Brain Spinal cord tumours Tumours of Peripheral nerves Tumours of the Eye and Associated Structures . . Chapter 20 Miscellaneous Tumours Part 1: Cranial Mediastinal Mass Part 2: Malignant Effusions Part 3: Cardiac Tumours


BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The aims were to study the presence of a secular trend in (a) age at peak height velocity (PHV), (b) velocity at PHV, and (c) duration of skeletal maturation in relation to PHV.

MATERIAL/METHOD
Two groups of children: 100 children (63 boys, 37 girls) born between 1969-1973 and 71 children (49 boys, 22 girls) born between 1996 and 2000, were compared. Age and velocity at PHV were measured on individual growth velocity curves. Skeletal maturation stages were assessed on hand-wrist radiographs, and duration from the skeletal maturation stages to PHV was determined.

RESULTS
Age at PHV occurred significantly earlier (0.47 years, CI 95% 0.19-0.76, P < 0.001), and velocity at PHV was significantly higher (0.68 cm/year, CI 95% 1.47-2.06, P < 0.003) in children born 1996-2000 compared to 1969-1973. No significant difference in duration of skeletal maturation was seen between the groups. Skeletal maturation stages occurred significantly in the following order before PHV for both genders: PP2= 2.18 years (P = 0.002), MP3= 1.60 year (P = 0.008), S 1.07 year (P = 0.003), and MP3cap 0.38 year (P = 0.037).

LIMITATIONS
Most radiographs were taken before PHV, the duration thus mainly reflects the early event of pubertal growth spurt.

CONCLUSION
A secular trend was evident: significantly decreased age at PHV and significantly increased velocity at PHV. No evidence of a secular trend regarding duration of the skeletal maturation in relation to PHV was found. Due to the declining age at PHV, the skeletal maturation stages occurred earlier in relation to chronological age.


Weibo has attracted, due to its popularity and openness, massive zombie fans to achieve their some certain purpose, to follow somebody or repost with spam content. Zombie fans are generally produced and maintained by automated programs. They seriously interfere in normal social environment and make human users experience deteriorates. We propose a new approach that is able to deal with evolutions and variations of zombie fans. Compared with the traditional detecting methods, the new approach is innovative in two respects: (a) we observe the difference and extract the features between human and zombies in terms of their behavior, message content, and profile properties; (b) we introduce a new concept of business-driven analysis why somebody tend to purchase zombie fans, based on which a new discrimination way is delivered. We conduct large-scale measurements with a collection of over 50,000 user accounts from Weibo. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficacy and stability of the proposed classification system.


E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com Tel(Fax):86-22-2352·2919 OBJECTIVE To explore the MR characteristics following lipiodol retention in rabbil Iiver and tO evaluate the sensitivity of CT(CT value>400 HU)and MR in displaying the hepatic degeneration and necrosis following embolization. METHODS Thirty—two rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups.In the control group(n=8),2 ml of normal saline was injected into the right branch oftheportalvein.Inthefirstexperimentalgroup(n=12),4mloflipiodol emul— sion was injected into the main portal vein.In the second experimental group (n=12),2 ml of lipiodol emulsion was injected into the right branch of the por— tal vein.CT and MR images were obtained before and after surgery in each group.The histOpathOIOgic condition was determined for all liver tissue spec—


Enhancing road safety using vehicle-to-vehicle communication has become an important goal for the automotive industry. A lot of effort has been put in the design of an efficient medium access control protocol, capable to function correctly even under heavy congestion. The solutions proposed so far focus on data rate or transmission power control. In this paper, we argue that the most important parameter for congestion control in vehicular ad hoc networks is the carrier sense threshold. We support this theory with analytical and simulation results and we demonstrate that the optimal threshold depends on the vehicular density. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive mechanism for physical carrier sense control and analyse its performance, showing an important increase in message reception probability.


The results are summarized of a study which involved the survey of current practices, and the development of guidelines for use by departmental personnel of State Departments of transportation and metropolitan transit authorities. Quick reference summaries of the guidelines for personnel considering bus-related street improvements are presented. The data which are tabulated include service criteria and service areas that encourage land use and development patterns that are conducive to efficient bus services, route planning considerations, and considerations for locating bus service support facilities, such as stops and passenger amenities. The proper location of a bus stop is also covered, as well as bus facility design guidelines, and bus operations guidelines.


In this work, a tool for the evacuation of Primary Frequency Control (PFC) service by generators connected to the distribution network is proposed. To achieve this goal, a linear AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model with a minimization objective and generation re-dispatch constraint is developed to guarantee the provision of the control service. Tests are carried out on an 8-bus system and a real High Voltage (HV) distribution grid. The obtained results revealed that the algorithm can guarantee the provision of the required PFC service provision by re-dispatching the connected generators while at the same time satisfying other operation and network constraints.


This report represents the output from research undertaken by University of Salford and MTM
London as part of the joint Digital R&D Fund for Arts and Culture, operated by Nesta, Arts
Council England and the AHRC. University of Salford and MTM London received funding from
the programme to act as researchers on the Social Interpretation (SI) project, which was led by
the Imperial War Museum (IWM) and their technical partners, The Centre for Digital
Humanities, University College London, Knowledge Integration, and Gooii. The project was
carried out between October 2011 and October 2012.


By empirical research method,college students' subjective well-being and mental health are being investigated.The results show college students' life satisfaction level is relatively high and their positive and negative emotion are in medium level;college students' subjective satisfaction is obviously correlated to SCL-90,and factors of life satisfaction level such as negative emotion and life satisfaction level also have obvious correlation to those of SCL-90;subjective well-being level can be an important predictive source of mental health and vice versa.


The Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet is a formidable educational tool but lacks native functions that would allow easy working with complex numbers and polynomials, so preventing its widespread use in most electrical engineering courses. Such limitations could be overcome using the open source XNumbers add-in package, bringing to Excel new numerical capabilities which have been available to students only in high-end scientific packages, such as Matlab® or Scilab. Here, we present an application of those features in control engineering courses, treating the specific case of a second-order feedback system with dynamic response by the root-locus method.


Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTPs) have a fairly standard sequence of processes which essentially consist of solid separation using either physical processes such as settling and filtration, or chemical processes such as coagulation and disinfection. Consequently, large quantities
of solid wastes (sludge, filtration media, exhausted ion exchange resin and astewaters) are generated every year by DWTPs. These solid wastes may contain all kinds of pollutants, some with significant
levels of radioactivity and may cause a radiological impact either on operating personnel, or on the public if the waste is recycled, e.g. as fertilizer or for cement manufacturing.
The occurrence of radionuclides in sludge samples from drinking water treatment plants has been studied by a few authors with the main aim of evaluating their impact on human exposure. For instance, Wisser, 2003 reported relatively high activity concentrations for natural radionuclides in
sludge samples from a water treatment plant in Canada. Kleinschmidt and Akber, 2008 also examined radioactivity concentrations in solid wastes from Australian's DWTPs and elevated residual concentrations were identified in these waste products. Palomo et al., 2010 have recently reported
results of liquid and sludge samples from a Spanish DWTP.
We propose to study the temporal evolution of the radioactivity content in waste products at a Catalan DWTP, in particular, sludge from the decanter cleaning process and granular activated carbons.
Rejects from the reverse osmosis process applied to a fraction of the water were also monitored.
Radiological hazard effects were evaluated by the gamma index because one of the end uses of this sludge was the manufacture of cement.


High-performance embedded platforms are increasingly adopting heterogeneous systems-on-chip (HeSoC) that couple multi-core CPUs with accelerators such as GPU, FPGA, or AI engines. Adopting HeSoCs in the context of real-time workloads is not immediately possible, though, as contention on shared resources like the memory hierarchy—and in particular the main memory (DRAM)—causes unpredictable latency increase. To tackle this problem, both the research community and certification authorities mandate (i) that accesses from parallel threads to the shared system resources (typically, main memory) happen in a mutually exclusive manner by design, or (ii) that per-thread bandwidth regulation is enforced. Such arbitration schemes provide timing guarantees, but make poor use of the memory bandwidth available in a modern HeSoC. Controlled Memory Request Injection (CMRI) is a recently-proposed bandwidth limitation concept that builds on top of a mutually-exclusive schedule but still allows the threads currently not entitled to access memory to use as much of the unused bandwidth as possible without losing the timing guarantee. CMRI has been discussed in the context of a multi-core CPU, but the same principle applies also to a more complex system such as an HeSoC. In this article, we introduce two CMRI schemes suitable for HeSoCs: Voluntary Throttling via code refactoring and Bandwidth Regulation via dynamic throttling. We extensively characterize a proof-of-concept incarnation of both schemes on two HeSoCs: an NVIDIA Tegra TX2 and a Xilinx UltraScale+, highlighting the benefits and the costs of CMRI for synthetic workloads that model worst-case DRAM access. We also test the effectiveness of CMRI with real benchmarks, studying the effect of interference among the host CPU and the accelerators.


Neodymium oxide doped laser glass, with compositions commonly used in our laboratory, are sometimes observed to fracture in use. Similar fractures can be produced by illuminating unpumped glass with a laser pulse with sufficient energy and power densities. This is commonly done to establish the durability of laser glass before fabricating finished laser rods from it. (Ref. 1)


The wireless power is an alternative to replace wiring and batteries in certain new scenarios and environments and we can also get rid of harmful effects of batteries on environment. We present an idea discussed here, how energy can be transmitted as microwaves, so as to reduce the transmission and allocation losses, known as Microwave Power transmission (MPT). Wireless power technology offer the assurance of cutting the last cord, allowing users to faultlessly recharge various devices as simply as data is transmitted through the air. In this paper we have mainly focused on increasing the bandwidth of rectenna by using defected ground structure. For this purpose in place of simple RMPA we have used C- slot RMPA with DGS. Proposed rectenna is a combination of c-slot RMPA antenna, followed by 3rd order stepped impedance Low Pass Filter and rectifier essential for high microwave power - DC power (RF-DC) conversion efficiency


Abstract Carburizing and quenching thermochemical treatment is extensively applied in the automotive parts manufacturing industry.When the treatment consists of more than one stage, the study by means of experiments becomes too vast due to the largenumber of combinations of treatment variables that can be obtained. A viable alternative of study is to numerically simulatethe process and to perform virtual experiments, which, together with the application of design of experiments statisticaltechniques, allows a deeper understanding of the process at relatively low costs, in order to find more favorable treatmentconditions that impact on production costs reduction. In the present study the two carburizing stages, in a four stagesprocess that includes quenching, of a drive shaft, were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysicsfi commercial softwarepackage, giving results which were validated by comparison with hardness measurements performed on treated productionparts, later applying a design of experiments based on a Taguchi array. Thus simulation results for a variety of combinationsof treatment parameters were obtained, emphasizing those that result in a reduction of the treatment costs.Keywords: carburizing, simulation, COMSOL, hardness, Taguchi.


Our goal in this paper is to determine the topological structure of the orbifold diffeomorphism group of a smooth compact orbifold. It is well known that in the r r case of a closed smooth C manifold, the group of C diffeomorphisms (1 ≤ r ≤ ∞) r is a smooth manifold whose local model is D(M), the space of C tangent vector fields on M . See, for example [Ban97] or [Nit71]. D(M) is a separable Banach space for 1 ≤ r < ∞ and a separable Frechet space for r = ∞. One might naively think that the orbifold diffeomorphism group is itself an infinite dimensional orbifold, but one only need remember that the orbifold diffeomorphism group is a (topological) group and hence must be homogeneous. As such, it cannot be a non trivial orbifold. In fact, in the case of a smooth compact orbifold, the structure of the orbifold diffeomorphism group holds no surprises, and we have the following


We obtain bounds for the Faltings's delta function for any Riemann surface of genus greater than one. The bounds are in terms of the genus of the surface and two basic quantities coming from hyperbolic geometry: The length of the shortest closed geodesic, and the smallest non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian which acts on smooth functions. In the case when the surface in question is a finite degree cover of a fixed base surface, then bounds are given in terms of the degree of the curve and data associated to the base surface.


Community development of ascidians was monitored weekly in Mission Bay (San Diego, California, USA) from September 2011 through November 2012 to assess how ascidian communities might be structured by spatial differences in environmental conditions. We repeatedly photographed PVC plates that were deployed on floating docks at four sampling locations: Seaforth Landing, Mission Bay Yacht Club, South Shores, and Hilton. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, visibility, flow and dissolved oxygen) were measured during each sampling period. Eleven of the fifteen ascidian species observed on plates were invasive, three were native, and one was cryptogenic. Ascidian community composition varied significantly by time and sampling location within Mission Bay. Spatial differences in community dissimilarity were correlated to visibility, salinity, and temperature. Ascidian communities established in the warm, hypersaline waters furthest from the mouth of Mission Bay were typically most different from those near the mouth. Comparisons of % dissimilarity at the beginning and end of sampling indicated that ascidian communities were more dissimilar at the end of sampling. Ascidians persisted year round, and invasive and cryptogenic species were generally more abundant in winter months than native species. Below average rainfall, and the consequent relatively warm sea surface temperature and high salinity in a relatively mild climate region like San Diego, probably prevented the winter ascidian die-offs that typically occur in this area. Such environmental changes may be advantageous to invasive ascidians, not only with regard to mediating their persistence, but also in terms of facilitating the establishment, spread, and dominance of future invaders.


It is the concern of this paper to explore some of the factors which we consider most relevant to the issue of the motivation of Negro youth. Primary among these are (1) the individual's selfconcept, (2) certain of his patterned needs, and (3) the rewards which society offers for performance in any of its institutional areas. These motivations are clearly of two types: those internal to the individual (the first two), and those external to the individual (the third). In assessing implications for action to bring about a closer coincidence between the psychological motivation of Negro youth and society's demands for performance, it would seem important to consider the operation of both intemal and external motivations in order to determine -more precisely the nature of their relationship to behavior and to suggest in which direction an optimal meshing of these factors might lie. Before addressing ourselves to the operation of these motivators in black youth, it is necessary to explore briefly the genesis and character of the intemal motivators and the nature of the extemal reward structure. Finally, we -will explore the implications of various pattems of motivations for optimizing the -performance of black youth. I. NATURE oF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MOTIVATORS


Abstract Historical studies that have examined the extent and quality of Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD) have limited their analysis to annual reports. However, there is growing evidence that companies use other media to communicate their corporate social and environmental performance (Frost et al., 2005; Unerman et al., 2007). This paper assesses the appropriateness of relying exclusively on analysis of CSD within annual reports in developing an understanding of CSD practices. This paper applies an industry‐specific CSD framework to the annual reports and websites of a sample of companies. The paper finds that the companies utilised corporate websites for their CSD. Annual reports and corporate websites were used for reporting different types of CSD information. This indicates the need for researchers to consider including multiple reporting media sources in their CSD analysis.


Objective
To investigate the association between leukoaraiosis (LA) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
Clinical data of 328 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted in the hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the changes of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores within 72 h after admission, 88 patients (26.8%) were identified as END. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and radiographic findings were compared between END group and non-END group.

Results
Univariate analysis indicated that age [ (74.6±11.0) vs. (70.7±11.8) years, t=2.67, P=0.01], female sex [51.1% (45/ 88) vs. 38.8%(93/240), χ2= 4.05, P=0.04], initial NIHSS [M(Q1, Q3) 6(3, 9) vs. 3 (2, 6), χ2=-4.38, P=0.00], systolic blood pressure [(155±28) vs. (149±20) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=2.04, P=0.04], responsible artery occlusion [18.2% (16/88) vs. 8.3%(20/240) , χ2=6.39, P=0.01], white cell count [(7.8±2.7) 109vs. (7.1±2.2) 109 , t=2.32, P=0.02], fasting blood glucose [ (7.2±2.6) vs. (6.6±2.4) mmol/L, t=2.00, P<0.05] and C-reactive protein level [(24.5±27.1) vs. (14.6±23.2) g/L, t=3.25, P=0.00] were significantly different between END group and non-END group. After adjustment of confounding factors, LA in periventricular with Fazekas grade 2 (OR=2.309, 95%CI: 1.070-4.984, P=0.03) and Fazekas grade 3 (OR=2.861, 95%CI: 1.214-6.742, P=0.02) and LA in centrum semiovale with Fazekas grade 3 (OR=3.047, 95%CI: 1.244-7.461, P=0.02) were independently associated with END.

Conclusion
Leukoaraiosis in periventricular group and centrum semiovale are associated with early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Key words:
Ischemic stroke; Leukoaraiosis; Early neurological deterioration; Arteriosclerosis


A detailed discussion is made on the dynamic characteristics of waves and wave-induced currents in the nearshore area by using the laboratory and field investigation data collected during the last few years. The main purposes of this paper are to get the insight on the precise mechanism of the nearshore dynamic phenomena and to evaluate critically the applicability of the various assumptions commonly applied by the previous researchers. INTRODUCTION During the last several years, the research group supervised by the senior author have carried out the series of field and laboratory investigations on the nearshore dynamic phenomena. The final target of the research works is to undersatnd precisely and more deeply the coastal sediment processes, which must be governed by the nearshore dynamics. However, in the present paper, the authors would like to focus their discussions on the several subjects which are closely related to the detailed mechanism of nearshore dynamics. Since the radiation stress concept was presented by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart (I960, 1964), various important phenomena in the nearshore area have been analyzed extensively. Wave set-down and wave set-up, longshore current velocity distribution, and nearshore circulation must be typical examples in these phenomena. Generally speaking, the phenomena in the nearshore area are extremely complex due to the complicated action of breaking waves. Therefore, in the previous treatments, some appropriate assumptions have been introduced to formulate the dynamical equations. These, assumptions are that, for example, the small amplitude wave theory is applicable to the wave motion in the nearshore area, the wave height in the surf zone is proportional to the local water depth, and the bottom and lateral frictional terms are expressed in specified forms. These previous works contributed very much to the advancement of coastal engineering research in the 1970s. On the other hand the instrumentation techniques have been developed extensively during these days. These facts encourage the scientists to carry out the detailed investigations to clarify the fine structures of nearshore phenomena, such as wave characteristics and current fields in the nearshore area.


The goal of this paper is to study the prospects of use of ethnic and cultural potential at the trans-boundaryterritoryofChernivtsiregion inUkraineand Suceava region inRomania. (Ethnical and cultural region known asBukovina). Our work relies on systematization and synthesis of the empirical data about practical transboundary tourism projects inBukovina. The author was discovered general trends formation of conditions for improvement in the region ethnotourist routes broadest possible use of the existing network of museums, centers and folk venues ethnic holidays and festivals. Ethnic resources ofBukovinaas constituent of ethnographic tourism are observed. Material and spiritual culture of Bukovinians in the context of Ethnic tourism are analyzed. The scientific novelty of our work is evaluation of the use of museums and centers of handicrafts in tourism, retrospective analysis of folk-ethnographic holidaysBukovinaand evaluation for the purposes Ethnic tourism. The practical significance of this research is the possibility of implementation of the proposed concepts into the planned tourism activity in accordance with the formal development programs and strategies accepted in Chernivtsi region. Further implementation of our work will be development of transboundary routes in Chernivtsi and Suceava region based on the means of underlying theme.


In studies of new materials or products, it is necessary to carry out a series of tests to determine the physical properties of the product as a function of the manufacturing process parameters. The technological process of making successive samples for both experimental and research purposes is a mechanism which is time-consuming and which usually requires considerable financial outlays. At the same time, scientific literature offers a large number of experimental results carried out for a similar range of problems. The idea conceived in this study is to create a model that, based on the results of experiments collected from the scientific literature, will reduce the number of necessary physical tests by replacing them with an effective mechanism estimating some of the technological process parameters. Consequently , the concept of an algorithm has been presented to estimate the parameters of the manufacturing process of ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron). It can operate as a fundamental part of a larger expert system, supporting the design and configuration of production processes in various industries. This article describes the results of tests showing the efficiency of the proposed solution and outlines plans for further development of the system to increase its effectiveness and usefulness.


Sewage sludge management for fertilizer purposes can be a step in the circular phosphorus (P) economy. Using microbial solubilization in manufacturing fertilizers from recycled materials is an innovative approach with the potential to increase P compounds' bioavailability, and fertilizers from sewage sludge ash and P-solubilizing bacteria are promising products of this technology. In addition to P and a range of macronutrients, these fertilizers contain small amounts of micronutrients and potentially toxic elements. This paper discusses the effects of fertilizer on iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) content in soil, test plants (spring or winter wheat; grain and straw), weeds and post-harvest residues, based on field experiments. Treatments with conventional P fertilizers (superphosphate, phosphorite) and without P fertilization provided references. The tested biofertilizers containing the Bacillus megaterium or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain had no effect on total Fe and Al content in the soil or on the concentration of these elements in plant biomass when applied at P doses up to 35.2 kg ha–1. Fe and Al levels in grain did not suggest a potential risk to consumers.


3D printer, describes various embodiments for reinforcing filaments and methods for their use. In one embodiment, it sends a void-less reinforcing filaments in the conduit nozzle. Reinforcing filaments comprise a continuous or semi-continuous core, and a matrix material surrounding the core. Reinforcing filaments, prior to applying the filament from the conduit nozzle is heated to a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the higher core than the melting temperature of the matrix material. .The


Undergraduates under grant number DMR-1063150, Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center under grant number DMR-0820518 as well as the Colorado School of Mines. Additional thanks goes to Dr. Alan Sellinger, Ryan Anderson, Tara Yoder , and Jacqueline Cloud at the Colorado School of Mines for their support of this project. John Ke also thanks Dr. Aditya Bhan and Dr. Michel Janssen at the University of Minnesota-TC for their mentorship throughout this entire process. Accomplishments • The Li4.4Si@Li3N anode using the high mass treatment sample shows improved cyclability and charge capacity when compared to a Li4.4Si anode • The cyclability improvement implies the promise of using Li4.4Si@Li3N particles for LIB anodes. Future Work • Explore the relationship between thickness of lithium nitride shell and battery cyclability • Explore graphene to manipulate the void-space for silicide anodes X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)


The Traffic Service Position System (tsps) No. 1 operational software for Automated Coin Toll Service provides the logic which controls the handling of coin-originated calls served by the system. The partitioning of responsibilities between the Station Signaling and the Announcement Subsystem (ssas) are illustrated. The maintenance philosophy, fault detection, diagnostics, and fault recovery aspects of the ssas are described. The maintenance strategy is centered on a multilevel fault detection scheme in which faults are analyzed and classified according to their degree of seriousness in affecting the ssas operation.


Virtual reality (VR) offers a wide range of applications in the field of cognitive neuropsychology both in diagnosing cognitive deficits and in treating them. An optimal diagnostic method is the on-field test, which provides an opportunity to apply VR-based simulations. VR is also a useful tool for skill-building and training by setting up a virtual setting, which imitates the real environment including the attributes to be trained. Moreover, it provides a graded approach to problem-solving and the feeling of safety and it excludes the negative elements which are detrimental to the learning process. To further extend the effectiveness of VR applications it is necessary to refine VR environments and adapt them according to the specific needs of selected target groups and the real-time control of virtual events. Following the principle of flexibility we prepared two virtual environments: 1) an Adjustable Virtual Classroom (AVC) for the treatment of fear of public speaking in a primary school task-solving setting, and 2) a Virtual Therapy Room (VTR) designed for use with aphasic clients. Due to their flexible nature, a large number of elements can be customised in both of these settings including spatial organisation, textures, audio materials and also the tasks to be solved. The real-time control over the virtual avatars by the supervisor, i.e. therapist to guide the social interactions in the virtual world also allows him/her to follow-up on the user's reactions and therapy performance. By focusing on the details of the therapy room, we would like to demonstrate the relevance of the flexibility of the software in the development of innovative therapy solutions for aphasic clients.


Integrated continuous simulation‐optimization models can be effective predictors of a process‐based responses for cost‐benefit optimization of best management practices (BMPs) selection and placement. However, practical application of simulation‐optimization model is computationally prohibitive for large‐scale systems. This study proposes an enhanced Nonlinearity Interval Mapping Scheme (NIMS) to solve large‐scale watershed simulation‐optimization problems several orders of magnitude faster than other commonly used algorithms. An efficient interval response coefficient (IRC) derivation method was incorporated into the NIMS framework to overcome a computational bottleneck. The proposed algorithm was evaluated using a case study watershed in the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. Using a continuous simulation watershed/stream‐transport model, Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC), three nested in‐stream compliance points (CP)—each with multiple Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) targets—were selected to derive optimal treatment levels for each of the 28 subwatersheds, so that the TMDL targets at all the CP were met with the lowest possible BMP implementation cost. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and NIMS were both applied and compared. The results showed that the NIMS took 11 iterations (about 11 min) to complete with the resulting optimal solution having a total cost of $67.2 million, while each of the multiple GA executions took 21–38 days to reach near optimal solutions. The best solution obtained among all the GA executions compared had a minimized cost of $67.7 million—marginally higher, but approximately equal to that of the NIMS solution. The results highlight the utility for decision making in large‐scale watershed simulation‐optimization formulations.


In recent times, civic engagement in policy process has been emphasized globally, but channels to facilitate public participation in the policy process in Africa remain unexplored. Given the conservative nature of policy process in most of Africa countries, the study examines levels of social media use for civic engagement among government/policymakers and proposs a model to enhance policy process in a digital community using Easton's theory of political analysis. The study employs case studies, and descriptive and correlation analysis covering 53 African countries. Findings revealed that social media use has taken new shape with respect to citizens' engagement in the electoral process, but its use for civic engagement in policy process is very low (and below the global average); increased investment in telecommunication infrastructures is yet to have a significant effect on human capital ICT literacy in Africa. Investment in ICTs should include the building of human capital ICT literacy, and the government/policymakers should explore online citizens' engagement and adjust policies to incorporate technology in sub-regional and national development plans.


The formation sequencing of inclusions in micro-vanadium alloy steel by direct alloying was analyzed with the method of thermodynamics,which was Mg O→Al2O3→Si O2→Mn O→Mn S.The critical nucleation sizes of Mg O and Al2O3 were computed.The results show that:the critical nucleation size of Mg O is smaller one order of magnitude than that of Al2O3 while the nucleation rate of Mg O is much greater than that of Al2O3.When using Al / Mg compound reducing agent,the strip inclusions transform into spherality,and size decreases one order of magnitude with the increase of Mg;when using single Al as reducing agent,tensile strength,elongation and reduction of area of micro-vanadium alloy steel are all small;the comprehensive mechanical properties the steel obviously improve if taking part of partial Mg replace Al.


This study aims to analyze the influence of financial and non-financial factors on the success of SMEs in Bandar Lampung city. Financial factors considered as the indicators of success are profitability, liquidity and sales. Non-financial factors that become indicators are operational, entrepreneurial characteristics, company characteristics, conceptual variables, and entrepreneurial behavior. Of the 208 SMEs that were given questionnaires and asked for their financial statements, after reviewing the complete answers to the questionnaire and the availability of financial reports, 96 SMEs could be processed. The correlation and regression tests were carried out after the validity and reliability were tested. The results obtained indicate that the level of relationship between the two variables is strong. Based on the results of calculations and discussions, financial and non-financial factors have a significant influence on the success of SMEs in Bandar Lampung city, especially in Rajabasa and Kedaton.Keywords: Influence, Finance, Non-Finance, UMKM, and Bandar Lampung


Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of radiowave method for the treatment of benign neoplasms of the eyelids. Methods. The study involved 87 patients with various pathologies (operated in 2 ways): chalazions, xanthelasma, papillomas, non -pigmented nevis, atheromas, retention cysts of the eyelids. The diagnoses were confirmed by clinical and laboratory research methods (cytological and histological examination). In both groups of patients clinical effect of the treatment, healing time of the wound surface and the cosmetic results of classical surgical and radio wave treatment ("Surgitron") were evaluated. Results.Radiosurgical method, in contrast to the classic surgical method, showed low traumatism, high cosmetic results in 100 % of cases, healing occurred by primary intention and no recurrence of the pathology was observed in any case. Conclusion.The use of radio wave method had demonstrated high efficiency, safety and good cosmetic effect in the treatment of benign neoplasms of the eyelids. Key words: eyelid neoplasm; radiowave surgery; cosmetic results.


Nowadays, E-learning resources are developed by academician (institution) and industrialist (industry) side. there are many techniques is implemented to expose the E-learning for remote area people who are unable to adapt formal education system. However, current system is still suffering from content visualization, subject wise content classification and evaluation issues. To propose an E-Learning Content Retrieval & Visualization (ECRV) technique and it enhances the nature of materials and conveyance techniques. the method enforce to e-learning service provider for potential utilization of Internet of things (Iot) to gather information, which will be broke down to get data helpful for basic leadership to enhance the online content visualization for rural people and as well institution. The technique offers a proposition of a framework where information gathered from the Iot gadgets, it will be utilized to enable the instructive establishment's management to settle on educated choices. The method enhances strategies and suggestions for better arranging, checking, assessment, cost effectiveness, and along these lines enhancing nature of the learner. Based on experiment evaluation, proposed techniques improves the content visualization accuracy and content retrieval time compare than existing methods.


The article substantiates the strategic role of Arctic territories for ensuring security and sustainable development of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze renowned and contemporary research in the field of social development management, as well as determine similar features of the Arctic policies of Arctic zone countries, separately considering the specificities of Russia. Particular attention is paid to social quality, which is presented as the main element of social development. The authors identify six key elements of social quality: social and economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion, social activity, social justice, and social authority. An interpretation of these elements structure is given. The material of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YANAO) presents the results of a sociological study of social quality components assessments. The highest rating is given to the level of regional socio-economic security (sense of personal security, protection of interests and values, resources for self-realization, etc.). While the level of social inclusion receives the lowest rating (desire to participate in regional social, economic, cultural life, satisfaction with social services system, quality of social infrastructure, territory's comfort for living, etc.). Authors conclude that the obtained estimates correspond to the average level, but are below the normative value. The paper presents recommendations for improving social development management on the example of specific Arctic region of the Russian Federation.


Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.


This paper addresses a simplified analytical method for evaluating the impact responses of the stiffeners in a ship side shell subjected to head-on collision by a bulbous bow. The stiffeners are classified as the "central stiffener" and the "lateral stiffener" according to their relative position to the bulbous bow. In analytical predictions, it is assumed that the flexural bending of the central stiffener and plate occurs simultaneously. However, the deformation mode of the central stiffener outside the indenter contact region is simplified as linear to derive its deformation resistance. The curved deformation mode of the lateral stiffener is proposed to calculate the deformation resistance and to consider the interaction effect with the plate, which can cause the plate to fracture earlier. Model tests with three specimens (one unstiffened plate for reference and two stiffened plates) quasistatically punched by a conical indenter are performed to validate the proposed analytical method. Resistance-penetration curves and damage shapes for the three specimens are obtained. The experimental results illustrate the effects of the stiffeners on the deformation resistance and fracture initiation of the stiffened plate and the influence of stiffener tripping on the lateral resistance. Moreover, the experimental and analytical predicted results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can accurately predict the crashworthiness of a ship side shell subjected to bulbous bow collision.


Objective: Screening for distress is important for identifying those who might benefit from support and allocating limited resources. A common screening tool is the Distress Thermometer (DT) but other thermometers such as the Impact Thermometer (IT) have also been suggested. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy in identifying distress of these two screening thermometers individually and two possible methods of combining the responses.


Despite the emphasis given to English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction, a significant percentage of Turkish students fail to achieve a satisfactory level of English mastery. With respect to this issue, insufficient professional knowledge of EFL instructors has been noted as a major obstacle to learner success. Thus, conjecturing that ineffectual teacher development programs may contribute to lack of competence in EFL instruction, the researchers aimed to investigate the attitudes of 42 Turkish university EFL instructors toward professional development by means of a cross-sectional survey. It was found that, although teachers considered professional development to be important, the participants generally did not view the available career growth opportunities to be applicable to their teaching practice.


This article explores how far animals are or are not endowed with a sense of history. The century-long history of lion–human interaction in the lions' last habitat in Asia—in India's Gir Forest, Gujarat State—is the focal point of analysis. In turn, there have been longer-term shifts since ancient and medieval times. Aside from two specific phases of breakdown, Gir's lions rarely attack people. To comprehend why this is so, both the lions and humans need to be seen as products of history. Although it is going too far to endow the lions with historical consciousness, Gir's lions clearly do have memory of memories. Over a half-century since hunting ceased, living on a mix of domestic livestock and wild prey, they now co-inhabit not only the forest but a much larger territory in close proximity to resident people. Their case calls for rethinking both animal and human histories to allow for associate species that adapt to human presence, and are capable of memory.


Correspondence to: Lt Col J Clasper DPhil DM FRCSEd(Orth) FIMC DMCC RAMC, 20 Hilder Gardens, Farnborough , Hampshire, GU14 7BQ email: email@example.com Introduction As part of the development of the Academic Department of Military Surgery & Trauma (ADMST) the Defence Professor of Surgery has established four multi-disciplinary Working Groups in the Department. One of the roles of these Working Groups is to examine published evidence, gain cross specialty consensus and establish guidelines to inform an evidenced based military surgical practice. It is the intention that outcomes from the groups will be published as they report. The Limb Trauma Working Group (LTWG) is a multidisciplinary group of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Plastic and Reconstructive and Vascular surgeons. On 16th May 2007 a meeting was held by the LTWG to discuss field amputations and with additional input from the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre at Headley Court (DMRC), civilian orthopaedic surgery from Selly Oak Hospital as well as orthopaedic and burns and plastic surgical nursing the following recommendations have been made. These relate to the initial management of unreconstructable limb injuries and not to the definitive management in a base hospital. In addition there are plans for the LTWG to review other aspects of limb trauma, the results of which may impact on these recommendations. Further developments and updated recommendations will be reported at a later date.


plan for the treatment of the chronic rheumatic diseases." It is one to which I have devoted many years of thought and the expenditure of a great deal of time and energy in an attempt to interest the medical profession, the public and the national and municipal authorities in the importance of the problem. In the White Paper recently published, the Government has stated its intention of providing the nation with a comprehensive medical service for every man, woman and child. It will include specialist services and institutional treatment. The White Paper accordingly implements the Government's statement in 1941 that its policy was "to ensure that everyone will receive treatment appropriate to his needs." If the need for a national


The population growth in Indonesia is significantly high. Indonesia became the fourth country with the largest population in the world, whereas in the region of ASEAN, Indonesia was rated as the first. In 2007, the total population of Indonesia was amounted to 231 million. This population will continue to grow over time. Factors which basically influence to the increasing number of population are death rate (mortality), birth rate, and migration (mobility). This research discusses about the effect of those factors to the total population. Multiple linear regression analysis is aimed to study relationship between a dependent variable with more than one independent variable. An estimation method is used for the ordinary least squares method. However, such a method in linear regression is very sensitive to outliers in the data. If this is the case, and an ordinary least squares estimation method used, this will generate an estimated parameter which is not appropriate for the data. This can result in significant error. Therefore, robust regression analysis can be used to improve it. We use robust M-estimator regression method using a weighting function Huber and Tukey bisquare. The case studies used were data of the number of people in Indonesia with a fertility rate and migration in 2010 regarded as variable. The results obtained contained residual value of the standard error by Tukey function smaller than that by Huber function. Thus, the best method of estimating the parameters or the regression coefficients in this study is a robust M-estimator regression method using Tukey bisquare weighting function.


Mental Fight is an epic poem first published five years ago to celebrate the dawn of the third millennium. Its author, Ben Okri, describes the poem as an anti‐spell for the 21st century, and prefaces it with William Blake's famous lines (Blake, 1976), subsequently immortalised in the hymn Jerusalem: 'I will not cease from Mental Fight, nor shall the Sword sleep in my hand, 'til we have built Jerusalem, in England's green and pleasant land.' The poem's inspirational message has stimulated the emergence of Mental Fight Club, a user‐led group in London that describes itself as 'a new creative force for good mental health in Southwark and beyond'.


Antedependence (AD) models can be a useful class of models for the covariance stru<;ture of continuous longitudinal data. Like stationary autoregressive (AR) models, AD models allow for serial correlation within subjects but are more general in the sense that they do not stipulate that the variance is constant nor that correlations between measurements equidistant in time are equal. Thus, AD models are more parsimonious class of models for nonstationary data than the completely unstructured model of the classical multivariate approach. For some nonstationary longitudinal data, a highly structured AD model may be more useful than an unstructured AD model. For example, if the variances increase over time, as is common in growth studies, or if measurements equidistant in time become more highly correlated as the study progresses (due, e.g., to a "learning" effect), then a model that incorporates these structural forms of nonstationarity is likely to be more useful. We introduce and illustrate the utility of some structured AD models. Properties of these models and estimation of model parameters by maximum likelihood are considered. An example is given in which a structured AD model is superior to both a stationary AR model and an unstructured AD model.


A piecewised adaptive algorithm in the time domain is presented to solve the transient convection-diffusion heat transfer problem. By expanding all variables at a time interval, an initial and boundary value problem is decoupled into a series of recursive boundary value problems which can be solved by FEM or other well developed numerical schemes to deal with boundary value problems. A steady computing accuracy can be adaptively maintained via the power increase of the expansion, particularly when the step size varies in the whole computing process. Additionally for the nonlinear cases, there is no requirement of iteration and additional assumption for the proposed algorithm. Three numerical examples are provided to verify the presented algorithm,and satisfactory results have been achieved.


Abstract This article shows how dress is entangled in the jihad of the Boko Haram Islamist sect, also known as Jama'atu Ahlis-Sunnah Lidda'awati Wal Jihad, in northeast Nigeria and beyond. It gives a historical background to the group whose Islamic identity has become a source of dispute among Muslim critics. It examines the role of dress in the construction of multiple identities by the sect. It explains how Boko Haram uses headgear, especially turbans and veils, as objects of devotion and deviance. Relying on interviews, literature and illustrations, the article interrogates how the sect constructs different identities in an attempt to play the politics of identity; it foregrounds both its visibility and its invisibility for a nearly a decade in a vast geographical space as large as the whole of the United Kingdom and Denmark. The article suggests that the power of Boko Haram does not lie in guns and bombs, but in the elusiveness of its identity.