Maximum bite force is a useful indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system and the loading of the teeth, and its recordings can be performed in a relatively simple way in the clinic. However, because maximum bite-force levels vary with method, sex and age, it is important that the measurements are compared against the appropriate reference values. The level of bite force is a result of the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. Pain limits the maximum bite force and may thus impede the measurements, but this factor may also be useful in treatment control. The maximum bite force increases with the number of teeth present. The number of occlusal tooth contacts is an important determinant for the maximally attainable bite force, explaining about 10% to 20% of the variation. The association between maximum bite force and the amount of occlusal contact is closest in the posterior region, and as a consequence, loss of molar support results in reduction of force. In contrast, malocclusions defined solely on the basis of molar and canine relationships have less influence on the level of bite force.


We consider the distributed setting of N autonomous mobile robots that operate in Look-Compute-Move cycles and communicate with other robots using colored lights (the robots with lights model). We study the fundamental Mutual Visibility problem of repositioning N robots on a plane so that each robot is visible to all others. We assume obstructed visibility under which a robot cannot see another robot if a third robot is positioned between them on the straight line connecting them. We are interested in light fault-tolerant algorithms; all existing algorithms for this problem are not tolerant to failures on the lights. Therefore, any algorithm for Mutual Visibility is required to provide visibility to all N robots, independently of the behavior of the robots with faulty lights. We model light failures as crash faults in which each faulty agent is allowed to set its light to some color, and once the light is set to that color, that color will remain indefinitely thereafter for that agent. In this paper, we provide two algorithms, one tolerant against one faulty robot using 2 colors, which is optimal, and another against (up to) N-2 faulty robots using 4 colors, in a system of N > 3 robots.


This paper proposes the design and Paramics-based evaluation of a two-stage fuzzy logic traffic signal controller (TSTFC) for an isolated intersection. The fuzzy controller employs traffic intensity-based two stage fuzzy logic procedure, and the design principles of two-stage fuzzy controller are first presented. Then, the COM-based hybrid programming is employed to make the micro traffic simulator Paramics interact with fuzzy controllers developed by Matlab, and a Paramics-based simulation platform of TSTFC is developed via Paramics API. Finally, experiments are conducted on a typical urban isolated intersection, and the performance of the developed two-stage fuzzy control simulation model is validated by comparison to those of fixed-time, actuated, and classic fuzzy controllers for different traffic conditions. Extensive simulation results have demonstrated the potential of developed hybrid programming in time efficiency and simulating real traffic conditions and indicated that the signal strategy derived from TSTFC is more effective when traffic status at intersections is above low saturation.


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We have reported a case of acquired hemophilia A in our series of sickle cell disease patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using HLA matched sibling donors, non-myeloablative conditioning, and sirolimus immunosuppression for GVHD prevention (Lozier et al, Haemophilia 2013). Subsequently we encountered another case in the 48 patients now transplanted. The objective of our transplant regimen is to establish a stable engraftment that will correct the sickle cell disease, with minimal morbidity. As a result of the non-myeloablative conditioning, our HSCT recipients typically display mixed chimerism between donor and recipient after HSCT with a post-HSCT immune system derived from both donor and recipient. We investigated the prevalence of FVIII-binding antibodies by ELISA in HSCT recipients prior to and after HSCT, and sought to determine if prior exposure to blood products, differences in FVIII haplotypes, and/or ethnicity may predispose to FVIII inhibitors. We measured IgG antibodies that bind FVIII by ELISA in 30 of our 48 transplanted subjects and donors for whom plasma, serum, and DNA were available, before and after HSCT. Published evidence suggests 3-19% of normal blood donors have detectable FVIII binding antibodies when tested in an ELISA format (Krudysz-Amblo et al, Blood 2009; Whelan et al, Blood 2012). We were surprised to find that 22 of 30 recipients (73%) had measurable titers of ≥ 1:50 prior to HSCT. We also assessed their sibling donors as a control group and found 13 of 24 evaluable donors had titers ≥ 1:50 (54%). Measurement of antibodies to FVIII in African-American blood donors at NIH showed 8 of 13 (62%) to have ≥ 1:50 titers, in contrast to only 1 of 20 Caucasian (5%) NIH blood donors tested (P 50 units of RBCs prior to transplant (12.5%), while 9 of 22 with titers ≥ 1:50 prior to transplant (41%) recalled transfusion with > 50 units of RBCs prior to transplant (P = 0.14, NS). Six haplotypes of the FVIII protein are known, and empiric data suggests uncommon haplotypes more prevalent in African-Americans may be associated with higher rates of FVIII inhibitors in African-Americans with hemophilia A after FVIII treatment (Viel et al, NEJM 2009), and rare FVIII polymorphisms are associated with acquired hemophilia A in the Caucasian population as well (Tiede et al, Ann Hematol 2010). We ascertained FVIII haplotypes in HSCT recipients and their donors to see if mismatches between donor and recipient may be associated with FVIII antibodies or inhibitors. Of 30 patients studied, there were 27 for whom DNA data permitted us to infer haplotypes. Fourteen recipients were identical matches to their donors, of whom one (7%) had an increase in titer from baseline after transplant; none developed an inhibitor. Of 15 recipients with mismatches in FVIII haplotypes with their donors, 3 had increases from baseline titers after transplant (20%), including the two FVIII inhibitor patients (P = 0.45, NS). Our study shows that African-Americans have a higher prevalence of low-titer/subclinical anti-human FVIII antibodies compared to Caucasians which may explain subsequent FVIII inhibitors in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell HSCT. Neither greater recalled exposure to RBC transfusions pre-HSCT nor mismatch of FVIII haplotypes with donor explain the risk of inhibitor development.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Two new blood tests for vitamin D levels are inaccurate in at least 40 percent of laboratory specimens analyzed, according to results of a recent study.


This paper presents a measurement technique specifically developed to address the problem of measuring the complex permittivity of mixtures of geological materials at RF frequencies (10MHz-1GHz). The main challenge of measuring this kind of mixtures is that each component could have a different state of aggregation (solid, liquid) and conglomeration (e.g. homogeneous, porous, granular). The paper describes the data acquisition as well as the processing technique, reporting some examples of results that show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach to different kind of geological materials mixtures.


In this study, ethnologies of the tribes that lived in the north of China before the establishment of the Great Hun Empire are explained with reference to Chinese sources.


Size of bulbs is directly proportional to the quality of the flower, the commercial value of the bulb and getting more bulblet. The research was carried out to evaluate the effects of PGPR on plant growth parameters, flowering, bulb quality and bulb mineral contents in hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. Aiolos) under greenhouse condition. In the study, there were 5 applications: (T1) Pseudomonas putida strain RCK-42A, (T2) Kluyvera cryocrescens strain RCK-113C, (T3) Paenibacillus polymyxa strain RCK-12E, (T4) Bacillus subtilis strain RCK-17C, and (T5) Control (uninoculated bacteria). The surface-sterilized bulbs were incubated separately by shaking at 80 rpm for two hours at 28 oC to coat the bulbs with the bacteria. The chlorophyll content (50.02), leaf length (26.03 cm) , leaf area (268.38cm2), flower fresh and dry weight (15.54 g and 0.88 g) in T2 (Kluyvera cryocrescens strain RCK-113C) was found as the maximum according to other applications. The highest leaf width ( 6.37 cm ) and the highest floret number were observed in T4. It was shown that the maximum bulb diameter (42.57 mm), bulb length (40.01 mm) and bulb weight (12.01 g) were determined in T2. The maximum N (2.90%), P (1.98%) and Ca (1.74%) were found in T3 . Maximum Fe (0.48 mg kg-1), Mn (151.20 mg kg-1) and Zn (35.28 mg kg-1) were found in T1. Use of especially Kluyvera cryocrescens strain RCK-113C and Pseudomonas putida strain RCK-42A bacterial isolates may be effective in maintaining the sustainability of the environment and growing medium in the cultivation of hyacinth and also the development of bio fertilizer.


The knowledge about the role of Ni (Ni) in the nutrition, physiology and metabolism of the majority of crops is limited, whereas is considered to be an essential element for the higher plants starting from the 80's of the twentieth century. The primary function of Ni in plants is defined in terms of its importance for the hydrolysis of urea; however, Ni may have an importance in other physiological processes, such as nitrogen fixation. Although the deficiencies of Ni in plants are relatively rare events, the positive response of yield and nitrogen use efficiency to applications of Ni are shown for different species. The present work summarizes the data about the essentiality of Ni and its function in plant metabolism as well as its agronomic importance for the crops.


Despite the recent rise in popularity of mobile safety applications, social scientists have yet to examine these applications in any considerable depth. In this paper we undertake the case studies of bSafe, Citizen, and Nextdoor – analyzing promotional materials and blog posts – in order to further theorize digital security consumption and the potential concomitant social harms. We find these app companies frame crime and risk in ways that obscure the structural elements that precede crime and encourage social divisions. Drawing from over 30,000 user reviews, we speculate about the ways these apps might shape understandings, feelings, and experiences of risk, crime, and victimization. A closer examination of these apps is particularly urgent given these digital technologies have been mobilized in similar ways to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.


In a global kinematical study of NGC 5055 using high resolution Fabry-Perot, intriguing spectral line profiles have been observed in the center of the galaxy. These profiles seem to indicate a rapidly rotating disk with a radius near 365 pc and tilted 50 $°$ with respect to the major axis of the galaxy. In the hypothesis of a massive dark object, a naive keplerian estimate gives a mass around $10^7.2$ to $10^7.5 M_\odot$. The limited spectral domain of the Fabry-Perot leaves some ambiguity on the exact movement and velocity of this H$\alpha$ emission. 2-D spectroscopy with a larger spectral range (eg.: TIGRE, OASIS) is thus required.


A combined analytical and simulation framework is presented for study of the link-layer protocol that is currently used to control the operation of Gb/s infrared links in optical-wireless-based personal communication systems. The analytical and simulation methods are utilised to evaluate protocol efficiency and demonstrate that protocol performance is strongly affected by physical layer parameters including the bit-error-rate and the link turnaround time. The networking parameters, such as the protocol window and frame size, that optimise the protocol operation against any given physical layer arrangement are also determined.


Monthly and seasonal fluctuations in densities of land snails were recorded in four different sites (forest, fallow, cultivated area and wetland) in Katana region during the period of January to December 2013. The aim of this survey is to study the population dynamics of the land snails of the Katana region considering some geo-physical factors (rainfall, relative humidity and temperature) in different habitats. The study revealed the occurrence of 31 species of land snails belonging to 9 families of class Gasteropoda. The land snail species and their total catch were: Limicolaria laeta medjensis (225 specimens), Limicolaria distincta (195 specimens), Ataxon faradjense (159 specimens), Achatina achatina (147 specimens), Lehmannia valentiana (118 specimens), Achatina tincta (108 specimens), Curvella bathytoma (98 specimens), Trichotoxon pardus (78 specimens), Trichotoxon ruwenzoriense (75 specimens), Burtoa nilotica emini (72 specimens), Nothapalus paucispira xanthophaes (69 specimens), Trichotoxon maculatum perforatum (68 specimens) ,Pachnodus rutshuruensis (66 specimens), Gymnarion aloysii-sabaudiae (65 specimens), Mesafricarion putzeysi (64 specimens), Cerastus bequaerti (60 specimens), Gullela pupa ituriensis (58 specimens), Helixarion insularis (58 specimens), Bukobia cockerelli (56 specimens), Mesafricarion maculifer pilsbry (56 specimens), Perideriopsis fallsensis (56 specimens), Achatina fulica (54 specimens), Burtoa nilotica obliqua (52 specimens), Pleuroprocta silvatica (52 specimens), Pseudoglessula walikalensis (35 specimens), Achatina osborni(31 specimens), Loevicaulis schnitzleri (17 specimens), Subulinuscus ruwenzorensis (6 specimens), Homorus amputatus (4 specimens) , Theba pisana (4 specimens) and Arion rufus (3 specimens) in a descending order. The densities of the recorded land snails varied seasonally and the general seasonal peak was recorded during rainy while the lowest density observed during dry. Ecological factors which may influence the distribution or variation of the recorded land snails were also determined (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall). We remarked that the rainfall and the relative humidity were the two main ecological factors which influence the distribution or variation of the land snails in Katana region.


Firms are characterized by production sets or production functions in the standart neoclassical theory of the firm. Ronald Coase enquired into the nature of the firm and observed that, in real world, there are the costs of using the price mechanism and firms are created to economize these costs. This observation has led the rising of the discussions around the conceptual distinction between firms and the market in the theory of the firm. Inspired by this Coasean conceptual distinction, O.Williamson analyzed transaction costs for their efficiency properties and his efforts have caused the birth of transaction cost economics. While accepting the main contributions of Coase to the theory of the firm, some of the works in this research line rejected the conceptual distinction between firms and the market. They assume that market is a universal category, and what we generally call a 'firm' is, in fact, simply a nexus of (market) contracts. In this study, the discussions are classified and assessed around this conceptual distinction and both sides are discussed and compared in detail.


Reconstructing changes in the Earth's redox state over the Proterozoic remains one of the outstanding goals of the geobiological and geological communities. Reconstruction of this redox evolution has been challenging, with many open questions as to the spatial and temporal extent of oxic, iron-rich (ferruginous) and sulfide-rich (euxinic) conditions. The relative extent of oxic, ferruginous, or euxinic oceans may provide answers to how changing environmental conditions influenced or shaped the evolution of multicellular life. What has been particularly enigmatic has been understanding the spatial extent of ocean euxinia, with various estimates ranging from 1 to 100% of the ocean floor underlaying a euxinic water column. Many of the proxies for reconstructing redox evolution are hosted in shale-based lithologies, including the speciation of iron minerals, trace metal enrichments, and molybdenum isotope ratios. Here we will explore the last decade of our field research into East Anglian salt marsh sediments which are either iron-rich, containing high concentrations of reduced iron, or sulfide-rich, containing high concentrations of aqueous sulfide. We will show how the sediments in this field environment are initially iron-rich, but transform to sulfide-rich through a series of processes related to the balance of organic carbon versus electron acceptor availability within the environment. We argue that this environment, with deposition of large quantities of iron minerals, offers a unique opportunity to study how the exposure of iron-rich sediments evolve under exposure to aqueous sulfide during early burial. We will show how exposure to sedimentary aqueous sulfide can overwrite and redistribute a primary geochemical signature and make the sediments look, mineralogically, geochemically, and isotopically, like those


Positron emission tomography (PET) is a three-dimensional nuclear medicine imaging technique that provides metabolic information about the body. This technique was first introduced by Kuhl et al. (Kuhl, Chamberlain et al. 1956). The basic principle of this system is to detect pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule. The metabolic information as three-dimensional imaging is obtained from the positional information of the tracer, obtained by computer analysis of the gamma rays. The metabolic information obtained is considered a functional imaging technique, whereas computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are regarded as morphologic imaging techniques. Moreover, the fusion of PET with CT (PET-CT) has further elevated the precision of functional imaging techniques. Clinical applications of PET have increased in the last decade and have proven to be vital in the evaluation and diagnosis of diseases. The broad scope, versatility and sensitivity of PET make it the most powerful molecular imaging technique currently available for clinical use.


The aim of this study was to analyze the circumstances of the creation and establishment of the Regional Nursing Council in the state of Santa Catarina. The research was qualitative and socio-historical, and used content analysis for data treatment. This resulted in two categories: the movement for the creation of the Regional Nursing Council of Santa Catarina and the circumstances surrounding the creation and establishment of the Regional Council of Santa Catarina in 1975. The creation of the Professional Nursing Council arose from the socio-historical and political transformations of health care work in Brazil. The leadership of the Brazilian Nursing Association ensured a certain professional autonomy and power over its work, even when confronted with the fragile understanding of the aims of an agency that supervised its members' nursing work. The study enabled the understanding of the nexuses of influence on the council of nursing, which institutionalized the profession with a registry of nurses, and which also regulated and disciplined the profession.


The effects of monascus pigments on elimination of hydroxide free radical were studied by chemiluminescence method. The results showed that the antioxygenic ability of monascus pigments from high to low in sequence were red, yellow and orange pigment.For red pigment, molecular weight of 365 got the highest antioxygenic ability, then molecular weight of 391, the last molecular weight of 380 and 900.


Generation of arbitrary superposition of vacuum and one-photon states using a quantum scissors device (QSD) is studied. The device allows the preparation of states by truncating an input coherent light. Optimum values of the intensity of the coherent light for the generation of any desired state using the experimentally feasible QSD scheme are found.


ing keys in locks, the sensation that a pencil is made of rubber during writing, to an inability to judge correctly the motion of oncoming traffic. These symptoms can be very disabling. Despite this, there is a simple remedy: dispensing a single tinted lens in front of the less-affected eye provides a lasting solution. There is one previous report of the Pulfrich phenomenon associated with optic disc drusen in which the visual acuity was arguably reduced in each case, so the existence of the Pulfrich illusion is perhaps less surprising. The present communication shows, however, that the phenomenon may also be present in cases in which the drusen have not affected central vision and have not given rise to field defects.


The author considers the concepts of dispersion and homogenization in relation to modern three roll mill machinery appropriate to these operations.


The aim of chemical pathology (clinical bio chemistry) like the other diagnostic services is to make the maximum cost-effective contribu tion to health care. There are some clinical biochemists who see their role as a largely laboratory-based one and might define their major contribution to health care as the efficient production of good quality analytical results and the development and introduction of new techniques. Others how ever, feel that clinical biochemistry has become too distant from clinical problems and argue that there should be a shift towards a more intellectual and direct contribution of clinical biochemistry to clinical diagnosis and clinical management. Both needs exist, but clearly the one is an emphasis on analytical biochemistry and the other on clinical biochemistry; together they can be said to make up hospital biochemis try. I would like to consider what the clinically orientated role of hospital biochemists is and might be. The clinical task is to resolve a patient's problem, by making observations and taking action. I The observations may be the patient's statements alone, but to this is almost routinely added a structured physical examination. In some patients, and almost routinely in some groups of inpatients, will be added the results of investigations including those of clinical bio chemistry.


Hesse is Swiss,one of primary representative figures of critical realism. His main characteristics of literal thoughts are:1.criticism realism of full of Romanticism mood;2.realism criticism of meditate introspection;3.criticism realism of dual personality conflict.


-. (With 2 text-figures) , MAYR (l942) , ~vlto coined the expression, calls sibling species "gioups of related spccies which arc so similar that they are considered as belonging to one species until :I Inore satisiactory analysis clears up this mistake". Morphological and bionornical characteristics sometimes vary enormously among different populations oE bees of the same species. For instance, Apis mellifel-n ligrrsticn Spin., the Italian honeybee, is yellow banded, srvarms very seldom, starts dancing the "rvagg-tail" dance (u'ith which a bee indicates to her companions the distance and direction of a certain food source with high precision) at 50 meters; its workers have tiny spermathecac, cornplc~e theitdevelop~nent in ? I days, and are very gentle. These data for other subspecies of A . ~n~ll tfelzr L are quite different as shown in Table I


X-Ray diffraction, F.t.i.r., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) have been applied to characterize a series of MoO3–TiO2(anatase) samples prepared by the grafting and impregnation methods. The sample prepared with the grafting method exhibits good dispersion of MoO3, whereas the impregnation technique leads to a poorer dispersion of molybdena on the surface of titania. The poorer dispersion of MoO3 is due to the clustering of molybdena when the MoO3 loading does not exceed the theoretical monolayer coverage (6.3 wt% MoO3). At higher MoO3 loading, crystals of MoO3 of morphology different from pure MoO3 crystals, appear. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is discussed.


In this paper, the fundamental concept of design tolerancing and tuning is presented. The necessary and sufficient conditions of tuning based on the concept of projection is addressed. The concepts could be used for an optimal total design with maximum final yield and minimum costs. The optimal total design problem includes post-fabrication tuning costs and yield improvement in the design stage. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop schemes for automatic tuning of electronic circuits.<<ETX>>


This paper describes a structured methodology for modelling the information requirements of contracting firms' tender adjudication decisions. The method adopted is based on the techniques of information strategy planning and critical success factor analysis used in the development of executive information systems (EISs). A general background explication is followed by a discussion relating to the development of a prototype computer based system ESSTA (Executive Support System for Tender Adjudication), based on an empirical analysis of two UK contracting firms and utilising the above techniques. The result is a system that focuses on supporting, rather than replacing, the judgements and perceptions of adjudication decision makers.


We consider high-throughput experiments that take measurements regarding many parameters. Due to resource limitations, ``breadth-first'' high-throughput experiments take only a few independent samples of each parameter, and so it is challenging to assess estimator error. We propose a new model-free method for bounding type S errors in this context, based on a quantity we call the Cross-replicate Sign Error Rate (CSER). The CSER is the expected sign agreement between a fixed set of estimates and estimates based on an independent experimental replicate. To show the CSER can be estimated with enough accuracy to be useful in practice, we develop new improvements to Hoeffding's bounds for sums of bounded random variables, obtaining the tightest bounds that can be obtained from the Chernoff inequality. We apply this method to analyzing measurements from cell-perturbation experiments. Our method reveals that existing error control practices fail to control error at their nominal level in some cases and are needlessly conservative in others. The CSER is easy to estimate, enabling practitioners to detect problems in their experimental designs and identify subsets of parameters with a low proportion of type S errors.


Earning report is a key link in modern financial accounting. Its contents and modes depend on goals of financial statements. Exploration is made by this paper to the two main concepts on the goals of financial statements (concept of accountability and concept of decision usefulness) and their respective two modes of earnings report (traditional earnings mode and comprehensive earnings mode). The paper holds that reform on earnings report shall be deepened with a set goal in steps to make advantage of the opportunity in promulgation of the accounting standards in this country.


In previous studies we used a tubular probe to sample incipient soot formed in premixed flat flames and determine the particle size distribution by scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS). Comparison of the spatially resolved soot volume fractions by SMPS and by thermocouple particle densitometry suggests that the probe causes a positional offset of 0.35cm in comparison to TPD, and indicates that the particle size distributions measured is influenced by flame perturbation by the probe. Moreover, the flame boundary conditions are difficult to define. In the present work, we propose a burner-stabilized stagnation-flow (BSSF) flame approach, whereby the particle probe is imbedded in a watercooled flat plate which acts both as a sample probe and flow stagnation surface. As the boundary conditions of this flow configuration can be completely defined experimentally, the flame was simulated with a quasi 1-D stagnation flow code considering radiative heat losses by CO2 and H2O. It was found that the simulated and measured gas temperature profiles compare well. The evolution of the soot size distributions obtained by the BSSF approach was found to be similar to that of the tubular probe. * Corresponding author: email@example.com Associated Web site: http://ignis.usc.edu Proceedings of the 6th U.S. National Combustion Meeting Introduction Probe sampling with scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS) is now routinely used to follow the size evolution of soot formed in flames [1-17]. Using this technique, soot nucleation and mass/size growth may be closely investigated by resolving spatially the detailed particle size distribution (PSDF). Studies in premixed flat flames and well stirred reactors have been reported. They covered a broad range of experimental conditions and investigated the effect of temperature, fuel structure, and equivalence ratios on the detailed processes close to and beyond soot inception. Particles as small as 1.6 nm can be probed [11, 16], and the same technique has been applied to the analysis of metal oxide and other nanomaterial formation in flames [9, 18-20]. Results obtained from the probe samping/SMPS technique also aided fundamental soot model development and validation (see, e.g., [2, 17, 21-23]) and yielded useful information about the elementary processes associated with soot formation. One of the key observations is that the PSDF of incipient soot is persistently bimodal [16]. The cause for bimodality is the competition between particle inception and particleparticle coagulation [2]. It was shown that the shape of size distributions and its evolution can provide a wealth of kinetic information about elementary sooting processes [21]. Despite its increasingly widespread use, the probe sampling/SMPS technique has two fundamental drawbacks. First, care must be taken to minimize particle loss in the sampling probe [3]. The loss mechanisms include diffusion of the particles to the probe walls and coagulation among particles. In general, preventing particle losses requires rapid and large dilution of the flame sample by a cold, inert gas stream – a problem that can be solved with a proper probe design [3][13, 16]. The second drawback is more difficult to deal with, and indeed it has not been properly addressed. Probe sampling is inherently intrusive. An earlier study [3] demonstrated that the use of a tubular probe placed horizontally across a premixed flat flame (see, Figure 1) causes a significant drop in the local flame temperature near the sampling point, and this influence extends several millimeters from the probe. In addition, the probe also introduces local flow stagnation, leading to a longer reaction time than that in a burner-stabilized flame free of solid objects. More recently, probe perturbation and its influence on soot growth kinetics has also been discussed by Sgro et al. [15]. This problem is also expected to occur in molecular beam mass spectrometry studies of low-pressure premixed flat flames, in which a conical nozzle is inserted into the flame to sample flame species (see, e.g., [24, 25]). Figure 1. Schematic illustrating a previous tubular probe sampling technique [2, 3].


Grizzled leaf monkey (Presbytis comata) or javan surili is an endemic primate species to Java. This species is categorized as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Data on population and distribution is still limited, especially in Central Java. Research on the population distribution of grizzled leaf monkey was carried out at the southern slope of Mount Slamet in Central Java. This research was aiming to explore the distribution and population estimate of grizzled leaf monkeys in the research area. Data were collected by using line transects (9 transects, 2 km length, 50 m wide, 6 repetitions) at 600-1200 m asl). The grizzled leaf monkeys were found in 9 transects. There were 72 individuals, consisted of 19 groups, with a population density of approximately 1.96 individuals/km2 for the estimated population. Habitat types used by the monkeys were secondary forest (53%), primary forest (40%), or crop farm (7%), on elevation range between 900-1000 m asl.


Objective:To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector harboring hVEGF 165 cDNA under the control of ven-tricle-specific myosin light chain-2(mlc-2v)promotor and to detect whether it can specifically transfect cardiomyocyte in vitro. Methods:PDC317was built by removing the native promoter CMV of PDC315.Human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF 165 )cDNA and mlc-2v were cloned into adenovirus shuttle vector PDC317by standard procedure,and the product was identified and transferred to the adenoviral packaging cell HEK293cells mediated by lipofectamine.The desired Ad vec-tors were purified by density gradient ultracentrifuge and titrated in293cells after identified.The neonatal rat cardiomy-ocytes,skeletal muscle cells and smooth muscle cells were transfected with Ad-mlc-hVEGF 165 and Ad-hVEGF 165 in vitro,re-spectively.The expression of VEGF 165 proteins was assessed by ELISA and Western blot.Results:The segment length of PDC-mlc-VEGF and the correct clones containing target gene in right direction was identical.The titer of adenovirus reached 2.8×10 9 pfu/ml after density gradient ultracentrifuge.ELISA and Western blot showed that all the3cells secreted VEGF protein in Ad-hVEGF 165 group,and only cardiomyocyte secreted VEGF 165 proteins in Ad-mlc-hVEGF 165 group.VEGF secre-tion in Ad-mlc-hVEGF 165 group was less than that in Ad-hVEGF 165 group.Conclusion:The recombinant adenoviral vector Ad- mlc-hVEGF 165 has been successfully established,which can make the neonate cardiomyocyte secret VEGF 165 in vitro,provid-ing a promising tool for gene targeting therapy of myocardial ischemia.


Quality characteristics of tomato jam added with 15, 25, 35 and 50% fructo-oligosaccharide substituted for sucrose were evaluated. As the amount of fructo-oligosaccharide increased, the moisture content and total titratable acidity of tomato jam increased, whereas pH and spreadness decreased. In the results of color and texture analysis, lightness (L * ), redness (a * ) and yellowness (b * ) in addition to adhesiveness and resilience increased when fructo-oligosaccharide was added up to 50% of the total tomato weight. In the sensory evaluation, values of flavor, transparency, sweetness, and off-flavor decreased as fructo-oligosaccharide content increased, whereas tomato flavor, sourness and stickiness increased. Overall acceptance of tomato jam added with 25~35% fructo- oligosaccharide was the highest among all of the samples.


The paper explores the factors that have impacts on the Chinese financial accounting objectives.The factors include political and economic system,the capital sources of the enterprises and the characteristics of the stock market.The paper finally concludes Chinese financial accounting objectives Orientation.


Microdisplays have been used in various applications such as beam projectors, view finders of digital cameras, projection TVs, night vision for military use, and augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) devices. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have attracted much attention as main displays of glass-type and head-mounted-type AR/VR devices due to their rich colors, high contrast ratio, fast response time, small form factor, and high resolution. This review investigates the device, process, pixel circuit, and panel technologies for OLED microdisplays. In addition, the technology status and issues of OLED microdisplays are discussed.


The invention discloses multi-core displaying control method and device. The device comprises at least one TMDS (Transition Minimized Differential Signaling) signal receiver, at least one DP signal receiver, at least one VGA (Video Graphics Array) signal receiving and converting device, at least one analog video signal receiving and converting device, a frame buffering and DDR (Double Data Rate) control device, a DDR module, an OSD engine module, a multi-port LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling)/ V-by-One/eDP sending module, and at least four groups of scale processing modules, and gamma, color correction and video enhancing modules, wherein the at least four groups of scales addressing modules and gamma, color correction and video enhancing modules are sequentially connected. According to the multi-core displaying control method and device, the scale processing modules and the gamma, color correction and video enhancing modules are used for individually adjusting and controlling a display picture, so as to realize high-resolution display of the picture and random combination of a plurality of picture arranging modes, and the display quality of a contrast picture or a splicing picture is ensured; the method and device are particularly applied to popularization and application in the medical treatment, graphic design and advertisement industries.


Flood land is one of the major land resources in the western mountain area in China.Positive influences of debris flow on the formation of flood lands and negative influences such as burial,submersion and impulsion were analyzed for the Xiaojiang Basin,Yunnan Provice;Understanding of the double influences is important for cultivating and preserving the flood lands.


This paper introduces an effective mechanism to extract informative principal features from the color images and proposes a color principal feature extraction technique referred to as ColorPCA. ColorPCA performs in the color image space, extracting the principal features directly from the color images. As a result, the color and local topological information of pixels at each level of the color images can be effectively preserved. In extracting the most representative features, a color image scatter matrix is constructed and its eigenvectors are employed for color principal feature extraction. ColorPCA has only one parameter (i.e., the reduced dimension) to estimate and the projection axes can be effectively obtained using eigen-decomposition. Extensive color image reconstruction and recognition over the benchmark problems verified the effectiveness of the presented ColorPCA. Results show that ColorPCA can effectively reconstruct the color images. Image recognition also demonstrates that ColorPCA can deliver promising results compared with other state-of-the-art 1D and 2D principal feature extraction algorithms.


The treatment of older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with unsatisfactory rates of complete responses and long-term overall survival. Therefore, a clinically usefull prognostic index can facilitate therapeutic decision making and evaluation of investigational treatment strategies in this patient population. Overall, 243 of the 432 patients (56%, 95% CI: 51–60%) achieved CR (229 of them after the first induction course and 14 after salvage therapy). The median disease-free survival (DFS) and the median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort were 8.4 months (95% CI: 7.2–10.1 months) and 8.3 months (95% CI: 7.2–10 months) respectively. A prognostic score is presented based on the multivariate analysis of 432 newly diagnosed non-M3 AML patients aged more than 60 years, selected on the base of their initial performance status and the absence of severe co-morbidity factors, for entering onto five successive clinical trials combining an anthracycline and cytarabine. Four clinically relevant parameters are included in this index: cytogenetics at diagnosis, history of previous hematologic disorder, hematologic features at diagnosis, and LDH level at diagnosis. Using this stratification system, three risk groups were defined: a favorable-risk group A (OS of 39% at 2 years and 21% at 5 years), an intermediate-risk group B (OS of 19% at 2 years and 8% at 5 years), and a poor-risk group (OS of 5% at 2 years and 0% at 5 years). The prognostic index estimates the outcome of elderly AML patients usually selected for intensive chemotherapy trials using four easily determined parameters and might identify patients who are really candidates for this treatment strategy from those for whom investigational therapy or palliation may be most appropriate.


This text presents a guide to the 1945 most frequently used kanji (Sino-Japanese characters) in the Japanese language and explains all the basics.


A cohort of 93 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated with a Pavlik harness were evaluated to determine predictors of treatment failure. Failure was defined as failure to achieve or maintain hip reduction in the Pavlik harness. Of 93 patients (137 hips), 17 (26 hips) failed Pavlik harness treatment. Univariate risk factors for failure included bilaterality, initial clinical exam, and initial ultrasound (US) percent coverage. Clinical exam and initial percent coverage were multivariate risk factors for failure. Among initially clinically dislocatable hips, a low initial US &agr; angle correlated with an increased likelihood of failure. All (6/6) patients with an initially irreducible hip and an initial coverage of <20% by US eventually failed treatment. Gender, side of pathology, and age at diagnosis and initiation of treatment did not correlate with failure. Irreducibility by physical exam combined with US coverage of <20% identified a patient group that uniformly failed Pavlik harness treatment. These patients may be candidates for alternative bracing, traction, or closed or open reduction.


The paper describes development of a microcontroller Arduino based biometric bank locker system with Adhaar card database management in cloud storage, mobile app and webpage, which ensures the security of personal and confidential belongings of a person. In this system, we have used R305 fingerprint module for biometric security which is IOT enabled using HC05 Bluetooth module. The safe lock unlocks itself using servomotor when correct fingerprint or pin is entered. The android mobile application is used to operate the system, which also has a QR code sensor which scans the Adhaar Card of the user and stores the information in a Google sheet, which can be accessed from anywhere with proper username and password. The webpage describes all the major features and advantages of the system and also includes an in-depth video of the working of the system. This webpage is also accessible from the app. Hence, this is user friendly and easy-to-use biometric locker system, wherein an app and a website give all the information regarding the system and its features. Keywords—Adhaar Card, Biometric, Servomoter. 1) Introduction. Bank lockers are popularly used by Indian population; they prefer keeping their valuables in the bank lockers rather than in their homes. Most of the banks' have lockers such that one key is with the user and the bank has a master key. Moreover, they also have password which the user has to tell the bank subordinate before going in the locker room, now if the user loses the key then, it is a big security risk. Common bank lockers do not guarantee full safety of the users' belongings and can easily be opened by any person without the user's consent. Biometric allows a person to be identified and authenticated based on a set of recognizable and verifiable data, which are unique and specific to them. Biometric authentication is the process in which a person's characteristics are compared with the person's biometric "template", wherein this reference model is first stored in database, and then biometric identification is used to determine the identity of the person using the image of their fingerprint, iris or face. Biometric data are considered as unique for every individual and cannot be copied or stolen. [1] Fingerprints are the most common biometric technology used in different applications. The fingerprint recognition and matching is one of the simplest ways of verifying a person's identity. It requires the imaging and comparison of the print pattern which includes the ridges and minutiae points. These patterns are unique to every individual. Several studies using fingerprint biometric recognition were conducted to enhance locker systems. One of them was the study of Lay, Yang and Tsai (2011) entitled "Biometric Locker System" wherein fingerprint recognition technique was wont to open and shut the lock of a cabinet system. The system first detects the fingerprint of the locker renter and matched the fingerprint to reopen the locker. This was done to reduce troubles of keys and to ensure the security of the renter [2]. Although there were existing studies about biometric lockers, the present system is developed to enhance security. Here the user has to scan the QR code of their Adhaar Card so that the database is maintained to ensure who opens and accesses the locker. The Aadhar card database implementation makes the management of users' database hassle-free. Moreover, an app is developed to make all the functions of the model easily accessible. A website is designed so that the bank personnel can understand the working of the locker and also the app. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY. The system is aimed to develop a prototype of a microcontrollerbased locker system that can: 1. Enroll or delete fingerprints of the user and save these patterns within the database. 2. Control the locker using mobile app and send commands thereto using the app connected through Bluetooth. 3. Scan the QR code of the Adhaar card to take care of a database 4. If the locker renter whose fingerprint is employed to open the locker features a problem with fingerprint scanning thanks to injury or any treatment then a then pin is additionally provided for every locker, alongside Aadhar details verification. 5. Webpage to supply the working and outline of the prototype and application. PROPOSED SYSTEM. We are implementing a Biometric Bank Locker System using Fingerprint Reader and identification, Bluetooth and QR Code. The Adhaar Card has all the important information about the person which includes his name, date of birth, address. The QR code when scanned through the phone camera saves all this information. This system is implemented using microcontroller Arduino Uno, the fingerprint module uses software serial communication to send and receive signal from the Arduino. Bluetooth module HC-05 which uses hardware serial of Arduino is used a communication media between mobile app and Arduino. The system is operated using the app designed for the bank authorities. Figure. 1 (Block Diagram) SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. Components of the system.


Potestative rights are still representing an exotic category of subjective civil rights. We are saying that it represents an exotic category because, although in practice they are frequently encountered, the theoretical approaches regarding their general legal regime are extremely limited. Therefore, in the present study we will focus on identifying the characteristic features of potestative rights, as well as highlighting the similarities and differences between these rights and other categories of civil subjective rights. From this point of view, we will focus on the similarities and differences between potestive rights and debt and in rem rights, concluding that potestative rights are a category of intermediate rights, as it lends specific features from both, debt and rights in rem. Also, starting from the potestative rights definition provided by the schoolars, we will analyze, one at a time, their defining elements and explain how these characteristic elements should be understood. Therefore, we will focus on the defining elements of potestative rights, namely: (i) the power of the potentior to change a legal situation involving the interests of another person; (ii) the bond of obedience; and (iii) the specific object.


PELLET J. and PELLET B., 2003. Size estimate of an isolated fire salamander population using a bayesian framework. Soc. vaud. Sc. nat. 88.4: 483-492. Population size estimate is a focal issue in ecology. Direct counts being most of the time impossible in animal populations, numerous methods based on capture-mark-recapture (CMR) have been developed. A new statistical approach based on the bayesian paradigm has been applied on an isolated fire salamander population of the Lavaux (Vaud). This method allowed the size estimation of a population of unusual high density. Moreover, it has proven more precise than other classical population indices. Although its use is rather uncommon in the biological community, this bayesian method presents many advantages in the exploitation of CMR data.


To improve early enrollment in HIV care, the Swaziland Ministry of Health implemented new linkage procedures for persons HIV diagnosed during the Soka Uncobe male circumcision campaign (SOKA, 2011–2012) and the Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS, 2011). Abstraction of clinical records and telephone interviews of a retrospective cohort of HIV-diagnosed SOKA and SHIMS clients were conducted in 2013–2014 to evaluate compliance with new linkage procedures and enrollment in HIV care at 92 facilities throughout Swaziland. Of 1,105 clients evaluated, within 3, 12, and 24 months of diagnosis, an estimated 14.0%, 24.3%, and 37.0% enrolled in HIV care, respectively, after adjusting for lost to follow-up and non-response. Kaplan-Meier functions indicated lower enrollment probability among clients 14–24 (P = 0.0001) and 25–29 (P = 0.001) years of age compared with clients >35 years of age. At 69 facilities to which clients were referred for HIV care, compliance with new linkage procedures was low: referral forms were located for less than half (46.8%) of the clients, and few (9.6%) were recorded in the appointment register or called either before (0.3%) or after (4.9%) their appointment. Of over one thousand clients newly HIV diagnosed in Swaziland in 2011 and 2012, few received linkage services in accordance with national procedures and most had not enrolled in HIV care two years after their diagnosis. Our findings are a call to action to improve linkage services and early enrollment in HIV care in Swaziland. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Data Availability Statement: The authors confirm that, for approved reasons, some access restrictions apply to the data underlying the findings. Data for the study were collected with the approval of the Swaziland Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Swaziland Scientific Ethics Review Committee (SEC). Any researcher who intends to use these data must be approved by the Swaziland MOH and SEC. To request the data, an individual may either email the lead author (email@example.com) who will facilitate the request with MOH/SEC, or contact the SEC


A method for synthesizing the compound of formula (I): Application in the synthesis of ivabradine, of its addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid and hydrates thereof.


This study focuses on the parameter estimation and outlier detection for some types of the circular model. We first look at the concentration parameter of von Mises distribution. The von Mises distribution is the most commonly used probability distribution of a circular random variable, and the concentration of a circular data set is
measured using the mean resultant length. We propose a new and efficient approximation of the concentration parameter estimates using two approaches, namely, the roots of a polynomial function and minimizing the negative value of the loglikelihood function in this study.
Secondly, we consider the construction of confidence interval for the unknown parameter of a type of circular regression model, namely the model by Down and Mardia (2002). The parameters being considered in this study is the error concentration parameter. The confidence interval of the error concentration parameter is not straight
forward due to the complexity of getting a closed form and the wrap-around nature of the data. In this study, we propose an alternative method of constructing a confidence
interval based from the distribution of the estimated value of error concentration parameter obtained from the Fisher information matrix.
Thirdly, a new functional relationship model for circular variables, which is an extended version of a circular regression model as proposed by Down and Mardia (2002), is developed in this study. Both the dependent and independent variables in the model are subjected to errors. We derive the maximum likelihood estimation of parameters as well as the variance-covariance of parameters. Later, we assess the
performance of confidence interval for error concentration parameter for the new functional relationship model via simulation study.
Lastly, we consider the problem of detecting multiple outliers in circular regression models based on the clustering algorithm. We develop the clustering-based
procedure for the predicted and residual values obtained from the Down and Mardia model fit of a circular-circular data set. Here, we introduce a measure of similarity
based on the circular distance and obtain a cluster tree using the single linkage clustering algorithm. Then, a stopping rule for the cluster tree based on the mean
direction and circular standard deviation of the tree height is proposed. We classify the cluster group that exceeds the stopping rule as potential outliers. Model verification of all method and model proposed in this study are examined using the simulation study. As illustration, applications are displayed using wind and wave circular data sets.


Computer Network plays an important role to support various jobs and other activities in the cyber world. Various kinds of crimes committed on computer networks have often occurred. It is very demanding to build a computer network architecture that is safe from attacks to protect the transacted data. If there has been an attack on the computer network, of course, further investigation must be carried out for the needs of identifying the attacker and the motive for the attack. A further need is to evaluate the security of the network. This paper reports a systematic literature review that aims to map the classification of attacks on computer networks and map future research. Based on the exploration, 30 key studies were selected that reveal the mapping of attack classifications on computer networks. The results of the literature review show that attacks on computer networks vary widely. Based on the results of the literature review conducted, it produces a road map for future research, which is to classify attacks on computer networks using a machine learning approach. The use of machine learning serves to help classify and investigate the needs of attacks on computer networks. The SVM method in this case was chosen based on previous research that was widely used for data-based classification.


Socioeconomic achievement gaps measure the disparity in test scores between students from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds, commonly measured as a combination of parental income, education and occupation. However, educational data often limits the ability to create such measures of family background and link them to student test scores, leading researchers to arrive at different conclusions about levels and trends depending on the SES measure and estimation method. In this paper we disentangle the importance of each by using register data from Norway with precise measures of parental income and education. We show that results crucially depend on the SES measure, as parental income and education are not interchangeable measures of socioeconomic background. Achievement gaps by parental income in Norway are large, 0.55-0.93 standard deviations, and have increased by about 10% of a standard deviation over the 11-year time period we study, whereas achievement gaps by parental education are even larger, 0.86-1.15 standard deviations, but remain stable over the same period. Accounting for compositional changes in immigration decreases the magnitude of the gaps, whether measured by parental income or education, while trends remain the same.


This article analyzes the problems of moral and ethical foundations of modern Chechen writers' drama works. The research is carried out on a wide representative material of modern Chechen dramas, plays, dramatic poems by Ismailov A., Yakhyaev S., Issa T. the research is quite broad and multi-aspect, explicating moral and ethical space of ancient Chechen ethnos. The authors come to the conclusion that the attitude to considered moral issues is declared both explicitly and implicitly. On the basis of a comparative, conceptual and linguocultural analysis, authors identify ways of representing traditional moral values of Chechen people in the context of changing epistemic spaces. Moral philosophy of modern Chechen drama in its evolution can be described by the heritage of both writers of the Soviet period and authors of the new era. Dramatic archetypal oppositions "friend / foe", "good / evil", "freedom / dependence", reflecting ethnospecific, specifically historical and human dichotomous relations, explicating the essence of cultural development and a specific period of the formation of a nation, is embodied not only in the images and actions of heroes, but also in the monological remarks of the characters, as well as in the ones by the authors. The authors note clarity of the author's position expressed in digressions and remarks, and vagueness of the representation of character's spiritual and mental struggle, which is characteristic of the Chechen linguocultural value-oriented system.


With the fall of mining depth in Xitie Mountain Lead-Zinc Mine,the gradually increasing of narrow vein,the short shrinkage method becomes more and more adoption.In this paper,the short hole crater reaming and undercutting two steps method,which is formed bottom structure in short shrinkage method,is changed into one step that middle-deep hole crater reaming and undercutting method. The application results show that the productivity is improved,the productive cost is reduced,the good economy and society benefits are also got.


As first president, George Washington was in an historically unique position to shape the forms and customs of the newly-ratified Federal Constitution. Unlike most previous accounts of his presidency that focus on Washington's symbolic contributions, this essay suggests that he had a very clear substantive constitutional agenda–an agenda which he consciously sought to shape. Specifically, Washington attempted to graft his own views of separation of powers, executive privilege, federalism, and the rule of law on to the Constitution. More of the "original formsrdquo; of the Constitution, then, bear Washington's distinctive mark than heretofore thought.


Digital mapping techniques breaks with traditional mapping model,realizing digitization from field data collection to compilation of a geological map.Various problems due to unskilled use of computer or defect of digital mapping system require resolution.This paper summarizes some experiences in solving these problems.


The qualitative phenomenological study explored how female leaders perceived advancement into senior leadership positions in academia. Twenty women were selected using Moustakas's modified, van Kaam Method. Each interview was transcribed and data analyzed using research software. Eight themes emerged. The themes centered on experience, education, communication, collaboration, mentoring, thick skin, leading to the essence of the experience of the phenomenon. The implication for leadership was to find strategies for women attempting to move into senior leadership.


The experiment on using the basalt instead of clay as cement raw material was performed. The experimental results indicated that the use of basalt as cement raw material is scientific and rational, it can widen the way for choosing the raw materials in cement production and promote sustainable development of cement industry.


To solve a variety of problems occurring in small-sized reburning test stands when pulverized coal and biomass are micro-fed,such as proneness to get sticky and clogged,non-uniform feeding and low accuracy,a two-wire screw-rod type feeder of pulverized coal was used to conduct a micro-feeding test.For pulverized coal/biomass of a small and large particle diameter,various methods,such as pre-drying and adding silicon gel powder in an amount of 5%-10% by weight and shaking at special locations,were adopted respectively to avoid the occurrence of agglomeration and rivulet flow phenomena,meet the requirement to limit the pulverized coal feeding rate at less than 1 g/min,and greatly improve the continuity and uniformity of the feeding.The feeding rate is usually within a range of 4% above or below the averaged rate.The methods under discussion feature high accuracy and good repeatability.


B OF THE scholarly work of Anneliese Maier, 2 the doctrine of motion formulated by Albertus Magnus has come to be seen as decisive for the development of physical theory in the later thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. According to Maier, Albert was the first of the Scholastics to reckon with the unsolved Aristotelian problem of how precisely to categorize motion. Averroes reported that in the Categories, Aristotle had said that motion is in the category of "being passive" (passio) ;3 in the Physics, Aristotle said that motion belongs to several categories. 4 To resolve the apparent discrepancy between these two claims, Albert devoted a long chapter (the third) in


The present invention provides a kind of display devices with information storage function.The device is by transparent substrates, and it is formed in transparent bottom electrode layer, transparent polymer electrolyte layer, transparency dielectric layer, the transparent top electrode layer composition on transparent substrates surface, wherein transparent polymer electrolyte has good conductive property, and transparency dielectric layer has DRAM property and electrochromism property.When applying different voltages, the device shows different resistance states, with information storage function, its light transmission rate changes simultaneously, show different colors, with electrochromic property, to can be widely applied to multi-functional storage, Multi-function display and transparent electronics field, effective way is provided for display device and the integrated of memory device.


There is a lack of information regarding critical habitats for many marine species, including the bearded seal, an important subsistence species for the indigenous residents of Arctic regions. A systematic approach to modeling marine mammal habitat in arctic regions using the lifetime and multi-generational Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of Alaska Native hunters is developed to address this gap. The approach uses lifetime and cross-generational knowledge of subsistence hunters and their harvest data in the place of observational knowledge gained from Western scientific field surveys of marine mammal sightings. TEK information for mid-June to October was transformed to seal presence/pseudo-absence and used to train Classification Tree Analyses of environmental predictor variables to predict suitable habitat for bearded seals in the Bering Strait region. Predictor variables were derived from a suite of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric remote sensing products, transformed using trend analysis techniques, and aggregated. A Kappa of 0.883 was achieved for habitat classifications. The TEK information used is spatially restricted, but provides a viable, replicable data source that can replace or complement Western scientific observational data.


Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and inorganic Sn(II) with tetracycline (TC) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, vibrational spectra, electronic spectra, 1H NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurement, thermal studies and X-ray powder diffraction studies. TC forms a 1:1 complex with the metal ions through the oxygen of the hydroxyl group at the A ring and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the amide group in coordination. The results of spectral techniques and magnetic susceptibility measurement correlate well. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were computed from the thermal data using the Coats and Redfern method, which confirm first order kinetics. X-ray powder diffraction data determined the cell parameters of the complexes. The molecular structures of the complexes have been optimized by MM2 calculations and supported square planar/tetrahedral geometry around Metal (II) ions.


Under the action of earthquake and its induced geo-hazards,the roads in the earthquake areas were dam-aged seriously.The restoration and reconstruction of the roads were launched immediately by the government and relative departments after Wenchuan earthquake.Taken the Du-Wen highway as an example,the damaged condi-tions about subgrade,bridges,tunnels were described in detail,and the restoration and reconstruction of Du-Wen highway were introduced concretely.Through the investigation of geo-hazards on slopes,different control measures were chosen to geo-hazards for the slopes of forty-two sections.Moreover,nine cut-and-cover tunnels were construc-ted in nine sections.


T. Kruglova provides a short overview of the annual conference dedicated to the life and work of Arkadii Gaidar that took place in Arzamas on October 26–28, 2011.


Urban transportation systems are defined by means of urban transport plans and territorial coherence schemes. Organizational and regulatory policies concerning urban transportation systems are governed by general principles corresponding to strategic direction and policies and integrate infrastructure constraints. Transportation systems are increasingly complex and must evolve to incorporate components of sustainable development. It has become appropriate to develop high-level simulation tools for urban transportation policy makers so that they can analyze the potential consequences of their choices.


This paper demonstrates our previously developed large-capacity optical path cross-connect (OPXC) system. The major hurdles to be cleared are (1) establishment of a highly modular architecture that facilitates hardware design and upgrading and (2) the development of an OPXC demonstrator designed to achieve 320-Gbit/s throughput capacity. Due to the use of planar lightwave circuit technologies, compact size packaging for an 8/spl times/16 delivery-and-coupling type optical switch and an arrayed-waveguide grating for a wavelength-demultiplexer are achieved. The dense packaging of the four-channel optical regenerators (3-R function regenerator) makes it possible to realize a large-capacity OPXC that can offer high quality transmission and ensure robustness in terms of multiple node connection. Performance test results confirm the validity of the system design and the feasibility of 320-Gbit/s OPXC implementation.


Hard metal is a composite material used in several areas of machining, mining and construction. It can be applied directly on oil and gas drilling equipment components. The main objective of this work was to apply a high energy milling technique to produce the WC-Ni composite and study the effects of milling time in the material properties. The milling of hard metal WC-20Ni, was performed for milling times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 hours. The starting powders were characterized by laser sedigraphy, SEM and EDS. Microstrutural analysis of the sintered samples was performed by optical microscopy, microhardness and density by Archimedes. The best results for the WC-20%Ni composite were achieved for 8 hours milling, where the density and hardness reached 97.09% and 1058 ± 54 HV, respectively, after sintering.


Questions: Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year-to-year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year-to-year species fluctuations in the presence of long-term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year-to-year synchrony. Methods: An approach based on three-term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three-year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This "detrending" approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant "control" conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results: Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year-to-year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions: Species' long-term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year-to-year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on community stability might have overemphasised the role of compensatory dynamics in real-world ecosystems, and particularly in manipulative conditions, when not considering the possible overriding effects of long-term directional trends.


Porous gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) anode supports were employed to alleviate thermal and chemical expansion mismatches between the anode and GDC electrolyte. The ceramic support also prevents structural damage caused by oxidation of state-of-the-art nickel cermet anodes. Nickel metal was infiltrated into the porous freestanding scaffold as a catalyst and electronic conductor. Cells based on these anodes were characterized by current-voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine their polarizations, maximum power densities, and stability when using hydrogen or methane fuel. Ohmic polarization was similar to a cermet anode, despite ~80% smaller metal loading. Current-voltage plots showed no appreciable degradation in performance in long-term methane operation or after thermal cycling, indicating this anode is suitable for use with hydrocarbon fuels.


Objective: To identify in the literature how home visit is used by nurses as a tool of care in home peritoneal dialysis. Methods: An integrative review of the literature of articles in journals, from a guiding question, from January 2014 to January 2019. The bibliographic search was carried out at Scielo, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Results: Ten articles were identifi ed according to the review steps and the answers to the guiding question. The home visit performed by nurses was described as a treatment adherence tool. Complication prevention, such as peritonitis, was cited by the authors, who were mostly physicians and nurses. Conclusion: Nurses assist patients and family members in full and ensure the proposed treatment with reliability. Nursing interventions at home prevent adverse events and frequent assessment of treatment indicators. Boosting primary studies in this area is essential, since few studies on the subject have been identifi ed in the present review.


The tomato is one of the most important vegetable, economical and nutritionally, around the world. For this reason the germination process in the tomato is a vital stage in the growth and development of plants. In this study, the effect of different doses of gibberellin over the germination of Santa Cruz variety tomato seeds was evaluated. The seeds were embedded for 24 hours in different concentrations of gibberellic acid, sown in a peat substrate in the screen house of the UPTC. A complete randomized design was used with 4 treatments corresponding to 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L -1 of GAs with three replicates, for a total of 12 experimental units (EU), and each unit with 35 seeds. The treatment of 0 mg L -1 had a favorable impact on the mean germination time (GT), average speed of germination (ASG) and germination percentage (GP), showing significant differences with respect to the other treatments. The seeds soaked in 400 mg L -1 of GAs presented the lowest values in the variables GT, ASG and GP, attributed to negative effect this type of hormone over this tomato variety, which delayed the death of the embryo and the seed germination.


An effective way to achieve flexible color cholesteric LCD with single LC mixture and layer was proposed. The 1st-step for polymer wall formation and 2nd-step for color rendering were independently carried out without the interference of UV reaction using proper band-pass filer. This display has good color performance and mechanical stability, so that it would be a substantive solution for color flexible displays.


The concept of the "Reference Power Plant North Rhine-Westphalia" (RPP NRW) is based on a hard coal fired 600 MW plant with optimised plant technology and efficiency of 45.9%. Efficiency of over 48% could also be achieved with certain technical measures. However, that would require different site conditions and also different economic boundary conditions than can currently be assumed. With efficiency of 45.9%, the NRW reference power plant is clearly above the average of hard coal power plants currently in operation in Germany (average efficiency around 38%). Thus, its use can make a considerable contribution to attaining targets for the reduction of CO2.


Typhoons and typhoon waves can cause disasters in coastal areas around the world. The Taiwan Strait often experiences typhoons, especially in summer. Numerical models have been adopted to predict typhoons and reduce losses. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used in typhoon simulations, and the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model performs well in wave simulations. However, significant uncertainty remains in terms of choosing suitable WRF physical parameterizations in different situations. To evaluate the effect of WRF physical parameterizations on wind and wave simulations, 27 simulation experiments were designed. Three typhoon events (Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti) with different tracks that influenced the Taiwan Strait were simulated. Three parameters (wind speed, wind direction and significant wave height) were assessed using Taylor diagrams, and it was found that the best simulation experiment changed according to typhoon tracks and physical parameters. In wind speed simulation, the best simulation experiment is 12 for typhoon Dujuan and 19 for typhoon Goni and Meranti. From the perspective of wind direction simulation, experiments 26, 23, and 2 performed best for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. And experiments 19, 1, and 20 had the best performances in significant wave height simulation for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. The WRF-SWAN model using the best simulation experiment reduced the error and exhibited good performance in the wind and wave simulations. Skill scores of three parameters were all over 70 for typhoon Goni and 80 for typhoon Dujuan and Meranti. The applicability of the best simulation experiments was demonstrated in typhoon simulations with similar tracks. The accuracy of the wave simulation depended on wind speed, wind direction, and their interaction. In addition, a scheme's sensitivity changed with different typhoon tracks. This study provides references for designing physical parameterizations for use with the WRF-SWAN model, which may help to simulate typhoons and typhoon waves in the Taiwan Strait more accurately in the future.


This paper describes the development of critical thinking and transformative learning through art [(1), (2)]. According to Freedman (3) art is a way of connecting knowledge with emotions. The aesthetic experience may contribute to develop cognitive functions leading to process new knowledge and critical thinking (4). In our study, while trying to define the concept of time and its relation to reality, we started the debate and encouraged the participants to try to identify the boundaries of time. That was the moment the first difficulties appeared. Time is not characterized by absoluteness and it is not perceived in the same way by all people. Next step was the separation of learners in small groups where they would record how they themselves understand the concept of time. Both the concept of linearity and relativity was found in their responses. This was followed by juxtaposition of different opinions, which converged in that time is not absolute, but there is relativity in the conception and perception of it. The conclusions that we arrived at were the non-linearity of time and the relative sense of time flow. The following questions we raised then: 1) Is there a case where time is not absolute and linear? 2) Do you have any personal experience in which you thought time passed too quickly or too slowly? At this point we deemed necessary to make use of some supervisory teaching media, to encourage our learners' critical thinking and imagination so that they could consolidate the subject to be taught more easily. After a few minutes of observation, they recorded their thoughts in groups and there followed a class discussion.


To read well requires thinking well. Many of today's students need to develop their critical-thinking skills to do well academically, and this means improving their ability to read a text critically. "Thinking Beyond the Content: Critical Reading for Academic Success" is a theme-based text with an academic focus designed not only to challenge its readers to read closely for understanding, but also to go beyond the literal content of a text and to engage in critical thinking and investigation.Each unit contains three related or topically linked readings, pre-reading questions or activities designed to activate prior knowledge, at least one academic reading/critical-thinking strategy, and strategy application tasks. Suggestions for discussion and for follow-up tasks and research projects are included. It offers critical-thinking skills for today's students.


Elements of Water Science Settling Characteristics of Suspensions Destabilization of Colloidal Suspensions Separation of Suspended Solids by Sedimentation Processes Separation of Suspended Solids by Flotation Processes Separation of Suspended Solids by Sand Filtration Processes Classification of Dissolved Solids Absorption Chemical Precipitation Ion Exchange Membrane Filtration Processes Biological Processes The Activated Sludge Process Aerobic Biofilters Gas-Liquid Transfer Anaerobic Processes Sludge Processing and Disposal Disinfection Fluoridation of Water Supplies.


In this paper, we have proposed and solved theoretical model to analyze the optimal commuting and work start time distributions under flexible work hours (FWH) with peak-load pricing (PLP) considering modal split between road and railroad. In the results, we have shown that the optimal work start time distributions satisfied necessary condition are 9 patterns which are the combination of each 3 patterns for automobile and railroad commuters. From numerical examples, furthemore, we could have confirmed that the modal split is change, and evaluated economic effects of the FWH with the PLP.


Integration of ICT into pedagogical practices will seriously be compromised if teachers possess little or no knowledge of ICT. This paper reports on a study which sought to explore basic school teachers' ICT skills and ICT usage in the classroom. In all 20 basic school teachers took part in the study. Three instruments were used to gather data from teachers which include lesson observation, questionnaires, and interview. The study adopted survey research design. Qualitative analysis of the data collected revealed that teachers' ICT skills were at the moderate level. The study also revealed that teachers' uses ICT for general and personal purposes which includes chatting and communicating with friends as well as family members via WhatsApp, Facebook, WeChat. In terms of ICT integration in classroom lessons, it was found that, teachers hardly use technology in their lessons because of not having ICT integration skills as well as lack of resources in the Basic schools. The study recommends the need for regular in-service training programme for teachers with a direct focus on ICT integration and ICT usage for teaching and learning by Ghana Education Service. Keywords: Teachers, ICT, Skills, Usage, Classroom.


In order to acquire the three‐dimensional information (frequency, depth, and intensity) required for a range resolved Brillouin spectrum, either a multichannel or integration technique must be employed. This paper describes a system in which many laser shots are used to ''build up'' one Brillouin spectrum for each range gate in an ocean subsurface experiment.


With the diversification of tourism demand is warming up step by step for tourists,the tourism development activities and the number of product supply arc also showing a trend of rapid development.This continued strong momentum of supply and demand determines the tourism's a high demand for natural resources and high-consumption lifestyle,which is an important factor to affect the ecological environment of the tourist destinations.Chinese tourism real estate development in urban areas,tourist areas,resource use,space planning and design on the control of defects has become increasingly prominent.As leisure tourism real estate development of the economic,its development is confronted with the dual pressures of industrial restructuring and resource constraints.The paper from the post-modern tourism real estate visual threshold of development idea,combining sustainable development and inclusive development concept,constructing pyramid model of inclusive development and should abide by 6 principles,to be followed ground-figure relationship principle,tourism industry convergence principle,regional sharing of facilities and priorities for supporting,diversity and low-carbon city principle,JHTB development principle and so on,which to make up the insufficient to compensate for the functional orientation of modern tourism and spatial planning.Inclusive development of post-modern tourism real estate development concept and advocate JHTB development,in favor of public resources,optimize the allocation of public space control,and improve tourist attractions,spatial quality.


Student administration is a way of step in learning activities. In order to organize and organize education. in this article there is an understanding, process, instrumentation and the role of the teacher in the administration of students.


Worldwide native salmonid populations are reported to be in decline. Habitat degradation, and increased anthropogenic fine sediment input in aquatic ecosystems is an important contributing factor. Suspended fine sediment can directly impair the health of free swimming juvenile salmonid fish, either by causing direct physical damage and/or via turbidity. Deposited fine sediment can hinder oxygen supply to salmonid embryos and hence impair their survival. Numerous studies have been published so far. Despite this, we still lack an integrated understanding of how fine sediment affects salmonid fish at different stages of their life-cycle. My thesis contributes to such an integrated understanding in juvenile salmonid fish (Part 1), and for salmonid embryo survival (Part 2).
In part 1, we could demonstrate with an in vivo exposure that pulses of suspended mica clay particles affect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mostly via turbidity. Moreover, we found that (i.) rainbow trout could adapt within days when they cannot avoid sediment plumes, and (ii.) that exposure over 24 days can cause cellular changes in inner organs and metabolic stress, even when gill damage is absent and effects on condition are moderate. Altogether, this experiment provides the first systemic investigation of suspended mineral particle pulse effects in a salmonid fish. In an in vitro exposure with the epithelial gill cell-line RTgill-W1 we could, to my knowledge, demonstrate for the first time (i.) that natural mineral particles can cause cytotoxic effects in gill epithelial cells, and (ii.) that clay particles are more cytotoxic than framework silicates. Further, the clay particles differed in the kind of cytotoxic effects induced, causing either oxidative stress or cell membrane damage. Most interesting, our results are the first empirical evidence that clay particles could induce comparable cytotoxic effects in gill epithelial cells than synthetic nano-particles
In part 2, a field experiment provides an integrated perspective on the factors affecting brown trout embryo survival in a channelized river. The introduced steps created a repetitive step-pool-glide morphology ("terraces"). Up to hatch salmonid embryos incubate in distinct gravel nest ("redds"), and during this phase they depend on sufficient oxygen supply. Both fine sediment and a modified river structure can affect hyporheic exchange, and hence embryo survival. For such modified rivers, our experiment is, to my knowledge, the first (i.) to characterize the factors affecting fine sediment deposition, water exchange and oxygen concentrations in salmonid redds, and (ii.) to explicitly identify important predictors for salmonid embryo survival. We found that river morphology and flow dynamics causing fine sediment re-suspension, rather than fine sediment transport per se, were important for maintaining redd gravel permeability over most of the incubation season. Similarly, water exchange and oxygen concentrations in the redds were mostly controlled by processes driven on the intermediate (i.e. individual terraces) and/or regional scale (i.e. river channel). Gravel permeability and the distance of the redd to the next upstream step, which created constant upwelling of short-residence hyporheic water, were the most important predictors for brown trout embryo survival. Altogether, we demonstrated (i.) that artificial steps could benefit salmonid embryo survival in channelized and (ii.) that appropriate flow dynamics and river structure are essential for sustaining salmonid incubation success.
My thesis clearly illustrates that it is essential to apply a holistic perspective to understand how fine sediment can affect salmonid fish. My results show that numerous factors can contribute. Fine sediment effects in juvenile salmonid fish could be modulated by exposure concentration and duration, the geochemical composition of the particles, but also adaptive responses of the organism. For fine sediment effects on salmonid embryo survival, the particular river system, with its hydrological and geomorphological setting, as well as the developmental stage of the embryo has to be considered. I believe we ultimately need to integrate fine sediment as one aspect of environmental change, and from there to develop strategies to sustain salmonid populations in the 21st century.


The presence in agroecosystems of plants able to develop symbiosis with nitrogen (N 2 ) fixing microorganisms is encouraged as may decrease the need for mineral N fertilizers. Biological N 2 fixation is widespread among Fabaceae, but legume species differ in their ability to develop symbiosis with N 2 fixing microorganisms: for example, while this frequently occurs in the sub-family Papilionoideae, only about 5% of the species of the sub-family Cesalpinoideae have developed such symbiosis mechanism. Carob (Ceratonia siligua L.) is an evergreen legume tree belonging to Cesalpinoideae, typical of the Mediterranean basin, used for animal feeding, but with a great potential as a crop for the food and cosmetic industries and medicin. The ability of carob trees to develop symbiosis with rhizobia is unclear: root nodules have not generally been found in nature but were formed on roots of carob trees inoculated with rhizobia. We have applied the 15 N natural abundance technique to field grown carob trees in Sicily and Sardinia (Italy) to assess the potential contribution of atmospheric N 2 for tree metabolism. As soil derived N is generally more enriched in 15 N than atmospheric N 2 (δ 15 N=0 ‰), if a tree uses atmospheric N 2 through the symbiosis with N 2 fixing microorganisms, then the 15 N abundance in its tissues should be lower than that of a tree deriving all its N from the soil. Leaf sampling were performed in six sites in different periods of the year from mature carob trees and from adjacent trees either normally able (Spartium junceum or Robinia pseudoacacia) or unable (control trees, like Olea sativa, Olea oleaster, Arbutus unedo, Pistacia lentiscus) to develop efficient symbioses with rhizobia. Soil δ 15 N ranged from 5.1 to 8.4‰. While leaves of trees known to develop N 2 fixing symbioses had lower δ 15 N than the others, leaves of carob trees had similar values of δ 15 N than control trees. Data from the study did not support the hypothesis that field grown carob trees used N derived from symbiotical fixation.


Calf mortality is highest during the first six months of life. Added to this is the losses to the industry caused by around 50,000 breeding cows (1.4% of the U.K total) dying at calving, mainly as a result of dystocia. Scouring is the most common disease in young calves and, as a result, is the greatest single cause of death in calves, accounting for almost 50% of all calf deaths. Scouring in calves is most critical during the first few weeks of life. Sponsor Content


The ever increasing demand for power has driven many natural resources on the verge of depletion. The threat now poses over the renewable sources of power which are not yet developed to the extent of completely working in a self-sufficient manner. In such a case, optimal power sharing and efficient energy consumption is called into practice. The smart meter here, serves the purpose of continuously monitoring energy consumption and informing the user when it exceeds a set limit. In this paper, an application is developed along with a hardware module coined 'i-Socket' which is used to track the energy consumed by each device in a house and thus estimates the monthly electricity bill. Now, in this system, the user can set a monthly desired bill and as the energy consumption approaches the set limit, the user is notified through the software application. Also, this system employs an algorithm which sets the monitoring rate of a connected device to the socket based on the type of device and thus, is itself an energy efficient device. The current sensor employed for this purpose is ACS712 sensor and the microcontroller used is Arduino UNO to control the hardware units. A Boost converter is used for the power supply to the sensing devices and controllers. The software application is developed for monitoring electricity bills. System takes input of present data of current, and predicts meter reading for the following months. It gives predictions of items to be used at a specific time frame based on its power consumption.


Operating characteristics of small and medium tonnage lattice boom crane which withstand fatigue loads was analyzed in this paper. It showed that the lattice boom crane utilization level is in the overlap zone of low cycle fatigue and high cycle fatigue. There may be some plastic deformation in the structure. So the total damage calculated by the Palmgren-Miner rule had a large scatter. Typical operating conditions was analyzed that K-type welded joints of the boom is under axial load and in-plane bending loads. Several critical areas of K-type welded joints were determined by ANSYS finite element calculation software where the stress amplitude was larger on the single side of the lattice boom. A new stress spectrum acquisition method based on the "measured+statistics+compare+simulation" integrated strategy of crane K-type welded joints was proposed. Based on a simplified Huffman non-linear cumulative damage theory, fatigue life of crane K-type welded Joints were calculated based on the strain parameters. They were compared with Palmgren-Miner rule and together with fracture mechanics method. Results showed that although they were all conservative compared with test results, the new method can be applied easily in for engineering applications because it only need amplitude constant amplitude fatigue strain-life data.


Purpose. Experimental substantiation of the possibility of using the calculation procedure of normalized parameters grounding devices on the basis of a three-layer model soil. Methodology. The research was based on comparison of the results of experimental measurements for the existing high voltage energy facilities of Ukraine with the results of the calculation. Results. Comparison showed that the average error decreased from 18 % for the two-layer model to 10 % for the three-layer model. The analysis of the calculated and experimentally determined values of the touch voltage showed a high degree of coincidence. Originality. The adequacy of the calculation procedure of the normalized parameters of the grounding device for model with three-layer soil is substantiated by the results of experimental research on the existing energy objects. Practical value. The obtained results allow us to use calculation procedure to create software to determine with increased accuracy the normalized parameters of grounding device located in three-layer soils. References 10, tables 4, figures 3.


Carcinoid tumors are rare neoplasms with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The malignant carcinoid syndrome, characterized by flushing, diarrhea, abdominal pain and, less frequently, pellagra, bronchospasm and valvular disease, occurs in less than 10% of patients. Nevertheless, in advanced stages of the disease, the incidence is about 40 to 50%. Retrospective studies and descriptive case series have shown that cutaneous involvement is relatively common but has rarely been reported. We present a case of carcinoid syndrome diagnosed with basis on skin findings on clinical examination.


In order to meet the requirement of high precision attitude control for space maneuvering platform, the kinematics and dynamics of satellite attitude are analyzed and modeled. By using feedback linearization, the higher order non-linear terms of attitude motion are included in attitude control law. For the discrete-time control system, the state transition model is used to predict the states' deviation, and based on the mechanism of the control action on the system, the control instructions are deduced backward by the generalized inverse matrix theory. A joint control method of satellite attitude angle and angular velocity based on model predictive and inversive control theory is proposed. Based on the influence mechanism of disturbance caused by the movement of space manipulator for special task, an interference compensation control law is designed, through which the compensation instructions are solved directly according to the current state information. Moreover, the designed controller is time-varying and adaptive according to the system states and sampling period. Considering the influence of flexible solar arrays, parameter uncertainties, measurement noise and external disturbance, the simulation results indicate that the designed method can achieve high-precision satellite attitude maneuvering, tracking and stability control, and is robust to external disturbance and uncertain inertia parameter.


Contamination with crude oil can have adverse effects on environment and human. Plants uptake of chemicals from contaminated soils increased due to volatilization or bioaccumulation or even biodegradation. Plants consumption pathway in both environment and human health. After planting lentil and pea in same conditions, the results show the effect of contaminant soil with crude oil on some parameters of soil and plants. The contaminated soil with crude oil affected on pH, humidity and potassium availability. Soil parameters, the results show significant in pH, humidity and potassium as (0.003, 0.008, 0.047) respectively and after crude oil contaminated soil pH and humidity shows significance as (0.037, 0.038) respectively. Contaminated soil with crude oil affected on the length of the plant and dry weight and protein content. Lentil showed a significance in the length and dry weight at level 5% as (0.029) and dry weight at level 5% as (0.024), Pea registered significant results in protein content as (0.019) and plant length as (0.007).


Alkaline solutions of the Li, K, and Na are used in electrical accumulators. The accumulating capacity is considerably higher comparing to technical accumulators if the principle of intercalation of the metals of group I of type A III B VI [1, 2] of the layered semiconductor is used. Usually variations of the compound In – Se [3] are used as electrodes. Semiconductors GaSe and GaS are not very often used as intercalated electrodes because their electrical resistivity is much higher comparing to the semiconductors InSe and modifications In2Se3.