Free-space optical interconnections are important in both massive digital optical computing and communication systems. The architectural features of three interconnection networks are analyzed and compared, and the optical butterfly interconnection is shown to have many advantages over other interconnections in implementing various basic logic functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). Starting with conventional Karnaugh maps and Boolean algebra, the characteristics of full addition and full subtraction are analyzed and compared. An n-bit parallel calculator that can implement both ripple carry full additions and ripple borrow full subtractions using multilayer butterfly interconnection networks is designed. Then the schematic and architecture of the full adder/subtractor, interconnection networks, and the patterns of key devices such as masks to implement AND and OR operations in this calculation are described in detail. The correct simulation results of several groups of multibit digits are provided. Finally, the development of the interconnections in implementing logic operations is discussed.


Abstract Seismic data across the Blake Plateau and Bahama Platform have been tied to a COST well, DSDP drill holes and several deep exploration wells. A basin 7-13 km deep under the Blake Plateau is thought to have formed on transitional crust composed of Lower Jurassic sediments intruded by basaltic magmas. Lower to Middle Jurassic marine sediments, including carbonates and evaporites, were deposited in the basin by the early invasion of Atlantic waters. Reorganization of the Atlantic Ocean spreading in Early to Middle Jurassic time was accomplished by a spreading centre jump, isolating the transitional crust basin under the Blake Plateau and western Bahamas, along with a possible fragment of the African crust under the edge of the plateau. New oceanic crust then formed east of the plateau in the new spreading centre along the Blake Spur magnetic anomaly. A possible continental fragment along the eastern edge of the Blake Plateau might explain a westward structural tilt of the prespreading centre-jump strata and the low isostatic gravity anomalies, which require a crust approaching continental thickness. After the spreading centre-jump, in Middle Jurassic time, the Blake Plateau and Bahamas continued to subside smoothly. Deposition of shallow-water and reef-bank limestone and dolomite kept pace with subsidence through the Albian, after which the Blake Plateau and Bahama channels deepened, accompanied by the slow deposition of deep water calcareous oozes and chalks. Slow subsidence and deepening of the Blake Plateau-Bahama channels took place at rates similar to those of the regional Atlantic margin subsidence. Perhaps as early as Late Cretaceous time, strong Gulf Stream currents scoured the Florida Straits and Blake Plateau and have persisted to the present. In deeper-water, contour-following currents eroded and shifted Tertiary sediments on the Blake Outer Ridge and in the Blake-Bahama Basin.


Forest disturbances such as harvesting, wildfire and insect infestation are critical ecosystem processes affecting the carbon cycle. Because carbon dynamics are related to time since disturbance, forest stand age that can be used as a surrogate for major clear-cut/fire disturbance information has recently been recognized as an important input to forest carbon cycle models for improving prediction accuracy. In this study, forest disturbances in the USA for the period of ∼1990–2000 were mapped using 400+ pairs of re-sampled Landsat TM/ETM scenes in 500m resolution, which were provided by the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System project. The detected disturbances were then separated into two five-year age groups, facilitated by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, which was used to calculate the area of forest regeneration for each county in the USA. In this study, a disturbance index (DI) was defined as the ratio of the short wave infrared (SWIR, band 5) to near-infrared (NIR, band 4) reflectance. Forest disturbances were identified through the Normalized Difference of Disturbance Index (NDDI) between circa 2000 and 1990, where a positive NDDI means disturbance and a negative NDDI means regrowth. Axis rotation was performed on the plot between DIs of the two matched Landsat scenes in order to reduce any difference of DIs caused by non-disturbance factors. The threshold of NDDI for each TM/ETM pair was determined by analysis of FIA data. Minor disturbances affecting small areas may be omitted due to the coarse resolution of the aggregated Landsat data, but the major stand-clearing disturbances (clear-cut harvest, fire) are captured. The spatial distribution of the detected disturbed areas was validated by Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire data in four States of the western USA (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California). Results indicate omission


The base and transition metal catalyzed isomerization of allyl and crotyl ethers affords a facile, high yield route to the preparation of a variety of mono-, di-, and multifunctional 1-propenyl and 1-butenyl ethers. Employing this novel method, monomers containing epoxide, ester, ether carbonate and urethane groups can be prepared from their readily available allyl and crotyl precursors. In general, these monomers display very high reactivity in cationic polymerizations. In our work, we have focused on photoinduced cationic polymerizations of these monomers using diaryliodonium and triarylsulfonium salt photoinitiators. To study these very fast photopolymerizations, extensive use of real-time infrared spectroscopy was made. Employing this technique, the effects of monomer and photoinitiator structure on the rates of polymerization were studied.


Based on the geometric interpretation of the support vector machine (SVM), a new feasible direction (NFD) algorithm is first proposed as a generalization of Franc and Hlaváĉ's SK algorithm in this study. In the new algorithm, two vertices of the training sets are selected to update the current solution per iteration for the separable problem, while only one of them is used in the SK algorithm. Similar to the SK and Keerthi et al.'s nearest points algorithm (NPA), the proposed NFD can solve the inseparable problem with L 2 cost function. Furthermore, based on a geometric interpretation of ν-SVM and the definition of the reduced convex hull, the proposed algorithm extends to train the ν-SVM with commonly L 1 cost function for the inseparable problem. The convergence property of the algorithm is studied from the theoretical viewpoint. Computational experiments suggest that our algorithms are competitive with other SVM algorithms including SK, NPA, Tao et al.'s generalized SK and SMO. It was observed that the number of iterations and the training time are reduced in many cases.


Early recognition of severely ill children is necessary to prevent serious adverse events and unexpected death. To promote patient safety the Early Detection and Treatment Program for Children (EDT ...


The efficient integration of new types of propulsion systems requires a very good understanding of the aerodynamic interference phenomena of the engine and the airframe. For experimental investigations engine simulators must be available which are able to simulate the essential parameters of the real flow field. Model engines must be calibrated for the thrust and the fan mass flow over their operating envelopes. Results of such calibration including the calibration procedure of a new Ultra-high-bypass (UHB) simulator at low speed are described in the present report. In addition results of a conventional turbofan simulator are also reported for comparison with the UHB-simulator. For high speed tests the necessary fan blade condition of the UHB-simulator and the exp aerodynamic parameters are estimated using a theoretical performance calculation method. In the report the essential parameters of the simulation are discussed and compared partly with experimental data.


Group III (Sc, Y, and La) metal-(1,3,5,7-cyclo-octatetraene) (COT) complexes were produced in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source and studied by pulsed-field-ionization zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy. Adiabatic ionization energies and metal-ligand stretching frequencies were measured from the ZEKE spectra. Metal-ligand bonding and low-lying electronic states of the neutral and ionized complexes were analyzed by combining the spectroscopic measurements with the molecular orbital treatment and density functional theory calculations. The ionization energies and metal-ligand stretching frequencies of these complexes are in the order of Sc>Y>La. The ground electronic state of the neutral complexes is A21, whereas the ground state of the ions is A11. The molecular symmetry is C8v in both neutral and ionic ground states. Although free COT is a nonaromatic molecule with a tublike structure, coordination of the group III metal atoms converts the tub-shaped molecule into a planar, aromatic ...


We develop a multi-channel Raman Lidar for future monitoring of nitrogen, hydrogen and water vapor profiles along galleries containing radioactive wastes. We report preliminary measurements of N2 and H2O using photon counting SiPMs detectors.


Peritoneal exudate cells obtained from rats bearing primary methylcholanthrene-induced tumors were shown to be inhibited in their capillary tube migration capacity as compared to cells from nontreated control litter-mates. The survival of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes harvested from the same individuals were tested simultaneously in short-term cultures with a standard concentration of Phytohemagglutinin. Lymphocytes from tumor-bearing rats survived better than control lymphocytes in 24-hour cultures with Phytohemagglutinin. A correlation was found from a comparison of the results of these two methods. These findings are discussed with regard to the possibility of T cells depletion from peripheral lymphocyte population, together with the enrichment of this population with B cells in tumor-bearing individuals.


Abstract During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, patients with defective immunity after chemo-immunotherapy due to hematological disorders showed prolonged symptoms and worse prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, probably due to inadequate adaptive immune response and noneffective viral clearance. We describe a single-center series of hematological immunocompromised patients undergoing passive immunization with hyperimmune plasma for persistent COVID-19 symptoms. In all cases, such treatment was well tolerated and contributed to clinical and radiological improvement and recovery; viral clearance was also achieved in a patients' subset. Although requiring further investigation, these results suggest a specific role for hyperimmune plasma administration in hematological patients.


Abstract Applied ozone dosages of 20, 25, and 30 mg/L to lake water utilized by the city of Shreveport, LA produced no significant reductions in trihalomethane formation potentials (THMFP). However, the addition of 20 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide and/or 0.67 W/L of UV radiation (254 nm) in combination with ozone produced decreases in THMFP of over 60% in 60 minutes. Smaller THMFP decreases were seen with shorter contact times. The use of H2O2 and/or UV in combination with O3 increased the percentage of applied ozone consumed by the lake water (i.e., enhanced the ozone mass transfer) five times over simple ozonation.


Bernard Suits's magisterial work, The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia, is without question the finest book of its kind. It is beautifully written and splendidly argued. Of course, no book is perfect, and Suits's book, as wonderful as it is, is no exception in this regard. In particular, it is plagued, I think, by one significant weakness, which is that its treatment of the important notion of play is seriously underdetermined. In claiming such, some might think I'm being too hard on Suits here; since, after all, his aim in The Grasshopper is to define games not play. But this objection overlooks the important role Suits assigns play in his account of the all-important utopian "ideal of existence"—I say all important because that account served as the terminus of the ingenious arguments that run throughout The Grasshopper. Contrarily, some might think that in criticizing Suits's undeveloped account of play I'm being too easy on him, since, as he reminds his readers more than once, he doesn't provide any explication of play at all in this work let alone a partial one, but rather simply stipulates that by play he means any intrinsically valued enterprise. But that objection also misses the mark, because he does offer a brief explication of play in a later chapter, even if only in passing, that links it to the principle of what he calls "reverse English"—a curious procedure that involves reversing the ends and means of ordinary activities to create a new, challenging activity (one such reversal involved one of his central characters turning upside down what "serious" impersonators like spies do, which is to play a role in order to create a false identity, so that he could engage in what "unserious" impersonators who delight in make-believe do, which is to assume a false identity in order to play a role) (10: p. 93) So I think I am on firm ground in claiming that play deserves a more sustained analysis than Suits gives it in The Grasshopper. But I won't attempt such an analysis here, since, fortunately, Suits did eventually get around to trying to define play in an often overlooked brilliant essay entitled, "Words on Play," (11) which was published a few years after The Grasshopper first appeared in print. What I want to do in the current article then, is to use this later essay as my point of departure and argue two points. The first point I want to make is that Suit's definition of play nicely dovetails with his earlier, Grasshopperian account of it as exemplifying the principle of "reverse English," and in so doing further strengthens the important claim he makes in that book that play is a necessary condition of leading a good (utopian) life. But my second point is a critical one. I argue that


This paper proposes DeepCounter, an automotive sensing system where deep learning based image processing technology is used to automatically count the number of collected garbage bags from the video taken by a camera mounted on the rear of a garbage truck in order to sense a fine-grain spatio-temporal distribution on the amount of disposed garbage in cities that is envisioned to be helpful to develop novel applications related to garbage collection there. A prototype system is implemented on a GPU-integrated signal-board computer. A detection-tracking-counting (DTC) algorithm is developed and implemented based on the single shot multibox detector (SSD), a well-known real-time object detection algorithm. Experimental evaluation validates the feasibility of the proposed approach using video of realistic garbage collection in Fujisawa city, Japan.


The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of gibberellic acid and Naphthalene acetic acid on growth and yield of cucumber at Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during mid March- mid June 2021. Total Nine treatments were tried and replicated three times in a Randomized Block Design. Treatments include two growth regulators having concentrations of GA3 (15, 25, 35, 45 ppm) and NAA (75, 100, 125, 150 ppm) and Control (Water spray) were spayed at two leaf stage and four-leaf stages. The application of plant growth regulators significantly effects the vegetative as well as reproductive attributes of the crop. The treatment T3 25 ppm GA3 at 2, 4 leaf stage was found most effective among all the treatments in terms of Vine length at 20, 40, 60 days after sowing (39.12, 91.02, 180.32 cm) Days to first appearance of male flowers in 50% plants (32.86 days), Number of fruits per plant (12.20), Average fruit yield per plant (1870.37 g), fruit weight (153.33g) where as Days to first appearance of female flowers in 50% plants (38.93) and Days to first harvest (50.6) was observed in 35 ppm GA3, length of the fruit (14.66 cm in 15 ppm GA3), fruit diameter (4.28 cm in 15 ppm GA3), Average yield (18.77 t/ha in 25 ppm GA3). Based on these observations spraying of GA3 25 ppm at 2, 4 leaf stages was found effective for growth and yield of cucumber compared to other concentrations of GA3, NAA and control.


Abstract Tamarugite (NaAl(SO4)2·6H2O) occurs at Compton Chine (NGR SZ 36808513), on the Isle of Wight, U.K., as globular encrustations covering an area of 2.8 m2 on argillaceous pyritous siltstones of the Lower Greensand Group, Lower Cretaceous. It is proposed that the production of H2SO4 from oxidizing pyrite in the siltstones releases Al ions from the argillaceous sediments, the Na content being acquired from sea spray. An analogy is made between Compton Chine and an occurrence in Victoria, Australia.


In the practical linear system with the state equality constraint, the constraint may exist stochastically. Considered this phenomenon, the stochastic distribution of the state equality constraint is modeled as the Bernoulli distribution, and regarded it as the perfect measurement drew into the measurement equation in this paper. A tiny noise may be subjoined on it to avoid leading the covariance of the augmented measurement noise singular. At this time, the original system can be generalized to the linear system with a part of its measurement received stochastically. Aimed at this system, the linear minimum mean square error estimator (LMMSE) is derived according to the orthogonality principle. The simulation result shows that the proposed method has a same performance with the traditional method which is used to deal with the linear system with the state equality constraint when the constraint is existed all the time. However, the performance of the proposed method is prior to that of the traditional method when the state equality constraint is existed stochastically.


Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Un sease prevention are the keys to a healthy and micronutrient deficiencies in n in the same household at the same e and reprint requests to Dr Stanley Zlotkin, niversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 firstname.lastname@example.com). nkles'' was generously supported by grants International Development OMNI Research an Nutrition Institute of the International Life rch Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Canada, the International Atomic Energy nz Company Foundation. S66 This review examines nutritional rehabilitation and stresses nutrichildhood. JPGN 43:S66–S71, 2006. Ke tion prophylaxis or prevention because for school-age children, y Words: Nutrition— Rehabilitation—Global risk factors—Malnutrition—Obesity— Iron deficiency anaemia. # 2006 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins


Transradial access for neurointervention has experienced an explosion in interest over the past few years because of patient preferences, extrapolated cardiology data, and early studies supporting its use in the neurointerventional setting. As with any innovation, although there may be advantages, in the enthusiasm to include more tools in the armamentarium, the utility of the "tried and true" should not be forgotten. As a backdrop, transradial access is newer than transfemoral, but it is not novel. The first cases on transradial intracranial neurointervention were published in 2003 and 2004, including aneurysm treatments in both anterior and posterior circulations, as well as spinal and dural fistula embolizations. This was preceded by a number of case series between 2000 and 2003, which, together, demonstrated the use of transradial cerebral angiography since 1997 with an aggregated patient cohort in the hundreds. Techniques described then were similar to those used today, and the same difficulties were identified, including radial spasm, proximal vascular tortuosity and stenoses, limitations related to aortic arch branch morphology with resultant instability, some branches are clearly easier to access via one route, and learning curves. So, what has changed? In the article published in this issue of the AJNR, we glean factors that may have pushed us toward this different technique. First, neurointerventions themselves are becoming more commonplace. This encourages attention to all aspects of neurointervention, including vascular access. Second, procedures requiring stronger antithrombotic regimens are increasingly performed, of which one is flow diversion. Hemorrhagic complications are known to be more common with transfemoral access, and this advantage of transradial access can be directly translated from the cardiology literature. However, it is important to note in this study's recruitment period that only 51% (74/144) of cases were performed transradially. The reasons are not clearly stated, but one can imagine such variability may be because of a different pace of individual operators at the study centers adopting the transradial approach, or alternatively, case selection. Unless we know the rationale for the breakdown of transradial versus transfemoral access, the transradial complication and access conversion rates noted cannot be applied for a blanket "radial-first" strategy; these may only apply to the "radial appears preferable in this patient" strategy. The influence of patient selection on complication rates may be more widespread in our literature. In the largest study comparing transradial versus transfemoral flow diversion to date, comprising 2285 patients, cases were drawn from preradial (2010–2015) and postradial (2016–2019) eras. Regarding the postradial era, the authors note ". . . access approach was determined by the attending neurointerventionalist . . . based on operator expertise and patient-specific considerations." Comparing 2151 transfemoral versus 134 transradial interventions recruited between 2010 and 2019 necessitates inclusion of cases (performed transfemorally) that would have been more optimally performed transradially. Against not having options other than transfemoral access, subsequent selection of suitable patients for transradial access should render better outcomes in both groups because these cases would have been more appropriate for transradial access in the first place. The relatively low numbers of transradial access cases (versus transfemoral) also suggest that patients were very highly selected for suitability. Li et al's argument against this is the lack of change in the transfemoral overall complication rates between their preradial (2010–2015) and postradial (2016–2019) eras, but this raises a bigger question: Why were transfemoral complication rates not falling, especially when predominantly 1 device (99.2%) was used, experience was growing, and presumably in the postradial era, cases less suitable for transfemoral access were being taken away for a transradial approach? Were cases with more challenging intracranial anatomy being attempted predominantly transfemorally? Unfortunately, the provided demographics pertaining to aneurysm location do not provide adequate information. There are too many potential biases here to make a definite answer possible, and perhaps the only way to comprehensively prove this would be to randomize. This may prove that radial access is truly preferable, at least in most nonselected cases, for the average operator. Alternatively, it may be useful to retrospectively analyze aortic arch and branch characteristics in a semiquantitative fashion between the 2 access techniques. Until then,


A thin diffusive flame structure in an asymptotic form is resolved by the local polynomial refinement approach using the Gauss-Lobatto formulation. The continuity condition at the grid block interface must be enforced for the diffusion dominant equation. A multiple-point, unequal spaced, differencing approximation to preserve the spectral accurate and to increase computationally efficient is implemented. It is found that the shared first and second derivatives at the gird block interface can be computed from the roots of polynomials of adjacent blocks and effectively retains the numerical resolution in comparison with the L2 norm projection, recovery-based, penalty, and reconstruction methods in applications. The computed flame thickness agrees well with results using a systematic mesh refinement approach.


Recently, a new framework for describing the multiverse has been proposed which is based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The framework allows for well-defined predictions, both regarding global properties of the universe and outcomes of particular experiments, according to a single probability formula. This provides complete unification of the eternally inflating multiverse and many worlds in quantum mechanics. In this paper we elucidate how cosmological parameters can be calculated in this framework, and study the probability distribution for the value of the cosmological constant. We consider both positive and negative values, and find that the observed value is consistent with the calculated distribution at an order of magnitude level. In particular, in contrast to the case of earlier measure proposals, our framework prefers a positive cosmological constant over a negative one. These results depend only moderately on how we model galaxy formation and life evolution therein.


The demand for wildlife viewing sites is assessed using a trip response model. This model uses anticipated trips to estimate a demand function for proposed designated wildelife viewing sites. The estimated function suggests that the market area for wildlife viewing sites is relatively local. Potential site visitors would be willing to pay an average of about $58 per trip. The results suggest that there is significant demand for nonconsumptive wildlife viewing opportunities in the United States.


ABSTRACT This article investigates whether the doctrine of social Darwinism had any bearing on the Labour Party's decision to support Britain's participation in the First World War. Many socialist intellectuals were wedded to social Darwinist conceptions of the world. The Independent Labour Party (ILP) published a number of tracts on the interrelationship between Darwinism or science and politics. The article looks for evidence of biological thinking in the Labour Party and the ILP prior to the First World War. It finds only small traces, vastly outweighed by environmental remedies to problems that were regarded as biological by social Darwinists. The labour movement also stood for pacifism as a signature policy. Yet when the war erupted, there was a sudden shift among Labour MPs towards supporting belligerent action. Did social Darwinism finally begin affecting them? Since there was only a slight connection between the doctrine and a few MPs, the article concludes that it was hardly an influence. Pragmatic reasons such as rallying to one's own nation, supporting working-class communities and resisting atrocities predominated. Social Darwinism was in fact more likely to be utilized by neutralists who argued that Germany was more "civilized" than Russia and therefore deserved to win the war.


According to application existing conditions, the automatic combustion control system of PC boiler flowing PC by tertiary air for combustion regulation and control mechanism is analyzed, the existing problem is indicated and improved system is put forward. The theoretical analysis proves that improved system corresponds closely to reality and makes further improvement on the quality of control.


This is a case report of a lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg following occlusion of one vertebral artery and stenosis of the opposite artery precipitated by combined motion of hyperextension, rotation, and lateral flexion of the head within physiological limits. Sufficient duration of such head position appeared to initiate thrombus formation following stenosis or occlusion of the vertebral artery at the level of the atlanto-occipital joint. Propagation of this thrombus obstructed the posterior inferior cerebellar artery causing infarction of the lateral medullary region. The pathogenesis of this mechanism is discussed.


The purposes of this descriptive research were to: 1) explore the health status of professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause, 2) investigate menopausal symptoms of professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause, 3) assess knowledge of professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause, and 4) assess the health promotion behaviors of professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause. The sample consisted of 153 professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause, ranging in age from 40 to 56 years old who were employed at Songklanagarind Hospital. The results revealed: 1. 61.4% of the subjects reported having good health and 29.4% of the subjects reported having very good health. 2. A majority of the subjects reported that they did not have menopausal symptoms (44.4%- 95.4%). However, some professional nurses reported that they had menopausal symptoms and were emotionally irritable including: uterine incontinence and having residual urine (1.3%-4.6%), vaginal dryness, vagina irritability and itching, parleukorrhea, and lower abdominal pain (0.7%-4.6%), back pain (17%), muscle pain (15%), excitability, tension, fatigue, and constant drowsiness (3.3%- 6.5%). 3. 70.6% of the subjects reported that they had a moderate level of knowledge about menopause. 4. The nurses' overall health promotion behavior as perceived by the nurses was either good (47.1%) or very good (45.8%). The results showed that a majority of the subjects reported that they had "very good" health promotion behavior in three aspects: development in social support (73.2%); practice for achieving their life goals (69.3%), and nutrition (63.4%). The results suggest that progressive organizations should provide additional health care services and facilitate more health-promoting behaviors among professional nurses during periods of pre-menopause and menopause.


Precise estimation is an important foundation for accurate project planning and staffing. However, state of practice methods (such as Function Points) typically require a thorough elicitation and analysis of system requirements, which is usually not available in an early project phase or even before a project begins. Use Case Points (UCP) are a possible solution for this dilemma and hence, in this paper we explain how a practically successful approach that combines UCP with COCOMO-based estimation can help to derive more accurate estimates. Moreover, we discuss how these estimates can be based on minimal "use case briefs" that allow estimation with less upfront effort than their "fully dressed" variant. The presented approach is thus applicable on a rudimentary understanding of requirements and helps to reduce the investment necessary for effort estimations before or soon after project initialization. Moreover, it is applicable by both, the customer as well as the IT service provider.


The University of Akron Fuel Cell Laboratory pioneered the development of a laboratory scale coal-based fuel cell, which allows the direct use of high sulfur content coal as fuel. The initial research and coal fuel cell technology development ("Coal-based Fuel Cell," S. S. C. Chuang, PCT Int. Appl. 2006, i.e., European Patent Application, 35 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2006028502 A2 20060316) have demonstrated that it is feasible to electrochemically oxidize carbon to CO2, producing electricity. The key innovative concept of this coal-based fuel cell technology is that carbon in coal can be converted through an electrochemical oxidation reaction into manageable carbon dioxide, efficiently generating electricity without involving coal gasification, reforming, and water-gas shift reaction. This study has demonstrated that electrochemical oxidation of carbon can take place on the Ni anode surface and the CO and CO2 product produced can further react with carbon to initiate the secondary reaction. A carbon injection system was developed to inject the solid fuel without bringing air into the anode chamber; a fuel cell stack was developed and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the fuel cell stack. Further improvement of anode catalyst activity and durability is needed to bring this novel coal fuel cellmore » to a highly efficient, super clean, multi-use electric generation technology, which promises to provide low cost electricity by expanding the utilization of U.S. coal supplies and relieving our dependence on foreign oil.« less


Modification is a typical defining function of adjectives in the world languages. However, it can be perfomed by single words, phrases or clauses. When dealing with modification of the noun, most studies (Rugemalira 2007, Lusekelo 2009, Van de Velde 2013; Williams 2005 etc) have focused on adjectives or on closed system elements (demonstratives, possessives, distributives, interrogatives etc) that appear within the noun phrase. Little attention has been paid to other marked forms like nouns, verbs, conjoined nous etc. that modify the head noun. This paper focuses on modification of nouns by nouns, verbs, participials, passives and locatives to express different property concepts. The paper uses markedness theory to show the markedness of forms other than pure adjectives to express property concepts. In addition the study shows structural changes taking place within these other modifiers. The study reveals that Shinyiha has several strategies its speakers use to modify the head noun including the use of derived nouns and irregular verbal forms which partake both properties of adjectives and verbs.


Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton (DLSPP) is a potential candidate for nanoscale optical elements with sizes much smaller than the diffraction limit and extremely low loss. In this work, we will combine the convenience of fiber based devices and the tight confinement of DLSPP waveguide, and then propose a nanofiber-loaded structure for the DLSPP application. Through the finite element method (FEM) modeling, we demonstrated the hybridization between hybrid surface plasmon polariton modes (HSPPs) and nanofiber modes, and analyzed the generation of hybrid plasmon polaritons (HPPs) super-modes. We also showed the existence of higher order HSPP, which is helpful to reduce the bending loss of DLSPP structure. Due to its polarization dependent transmission loss, we demonstrated one of its applications as polarizer experimentally.


The first made-in-Canada, head-only, functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner is expected to give a Winnipeg research centre a leading edge in MRI capabilities. The St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre in Winnipeg will use the $3-million MRI scanner, which was custom-built by the


Macrophages are one of the most abundant non‐malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment, playing critical roles in mediating tumor immunity. As important innate immune cells, macrophages possess the potential to engulf tumor cells and present tumor‐specific antigens for adaptive antitumor immunity induction, leading to growing interest in targeting macrophage phagocytosis for cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, live tumor cells have evolved to evade phagocytosis by macrophages via the extensive expression of anti‐phagocytic molecules, such as CD47. In addition, macrophages also rapidly recognize and engulf apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) in the tumor microenvironment, which inhibits inflammatory responses and facilitates immune escape of tumor cells. Thus, intervention of macrophage phagocytosis by blocking anti‐phagocytic signals on live tumor cells or inhibiting tumor efferocytosis presents a promising strategy for the development of cancer immunotherapies. Here, the regulation of macrophage‐mediated tumor cell phagocytosis is first summarized, followed by an overview of strategies targeting macrophage phagocytosis for the development of antitumor therapies. Given the potential off‐target effects associated with the administration of traditional therapeutics (for example, monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors), the opportunity for nanomedicine in macrophage phagocytosis intervention is highlighted.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Shared decision-making in cardiology is increasingly recommended to improve patient-centeredness of care. Decision aids can improve patient knowledge and decisional quality but are infrequently used in real-world practice. This mixed-methods study tests the efficacy and acceptability of a decision aid integrated into the electronic health record (Integrated Decision Aid [IDeA]) and delivered by clinicians for patients with atrial fibrillation considering options to reduce stroke risk. We aimed to determine whether the IDeA improves patient knowledge, reduces decisional conflict, and is seen as acceptable by clinicians and patients. Methods: A small cluster randomized trial included 6 cardiovascular clinicians and 66 patients randomized either to the IDeA (HealthDecision) or usual care (clinician discretion) during a clinical encounter when stroke prevention treatment options were discussed. The primary outcome was patient knowledge of personalized stroke risk. Exploratory outcomes included decisional conflict, values concordance, trust, the presence of a shared decision-making process, and patient knowledge related to time spent using the IDeA. Additionally, we conducted semistructured interviews with clinicians and patients who used the IDeA were conducted to assess acceptability and predictions of future use. Results: The IDeA significantly increased patients' knowledge of their stroke risk (odds ratio, 3.88 [95% CI, 1.39–10.78]; P<0.01]). Patients had less uncertainty about their final decision (P=0.04). There were no significant differences in values concordance, trust in clinician or shared decision-making. Despite training, each clinician used the IDeA differently. Qualitative analysis revealed patients prefer using the IDeA earlier in their diagnosis. Clinicians were satisfied with the IDeA, yet varied in the contexts in which they planned to use it in the future. Conclusions: Using an Integrated Decision Aid, or IDeA, increases patient knowledge and lessens uncertainty for decision-making around stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Qualitative data provide insight into potential implementation strategies in real-world practice.


The synthesis proceeds via ketyl radical attack on the aromatic ring, single electron transfer, and nucleophilic attack of the resulting dienyl anion to the ester group.


Despite a significant increase in using cannabis for medical purposes, current evidence on its safety in real‐world clinical practice is still poorly characterised. By a case‐by‐case analysis of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse events (AEs) collected in Tuscany within the Italian Phytovigilance database, the aim of the present study was to describe AEs occurred in patients exposed to medical cannabis.


The dependences of the Hall coefficient RH and magnetoresistance Δρ /ρ on magnetic field (B = 0.01–1.0 T) for polycrystalline Bi–Sb solid solutions with various Sb concentrations (0–15 at% Sb) were obtained at 77 K and 300 K. On the basis of the RH(B) and Δρ /ρ (B) dependences, the values of magnetic field Bc corresponding to the boundary of the region characterized by a constancy of RH and a quadratic dependence of Δρ /ρ (B), i.e. satisfying the criterion of weak magnetic field behavior, were determined. It was established that a decrease in temperature leads to a shift of the critical values Bc to smaller magnetic fields. It was shown that the dependence of Bc on composition of Bi–Sb solid solutions exhibits a non‐monotonic behavior: in the vicinity of ∼3 at% Sb and ∼8 at% Sb, where distinct minima are observed. The appearance of the minima was attributed to a sharp increase in the charge carrier mobility at the mentioned Sb concentrations due to the transition to a gapless state accompanied by the band inversion, and to the semimetal–semiconductor transition, respectively. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The business types have gradually increased, the scope of hunting has become more extensive, and the development speed has accelerated for banks after the 21st century. At the same time, the financial situation it faces is becoming more and more complex, and the risk problem is gradually exposed. It is very helpful for use value and practical significance to carry out research on the application mode of commercial bank credit conferring examine and approve in this case. Based on the collection of various data on commercial bank credit conferring examine and approve, bank management development, risk control and other aspects are specially analyzed. In order to explore the credit risk of commercial banks in the big data era and find effective countermeasures against prevention and control, the establishment of credit conferring examine and approve data management and database system development are studied. Internet cloud systems, large databases and other modern technology are changing people's way of thinking and living conditions with the rapid development of civilization and technology in the modern society .The learning style is changing, the world's development is also progressing. Facing the ever-changing market external environment, the level of commercial bank's credit risk management ability depends on the commercial bank's ability to manage data and synthetic use, and also determines whether the bank can Maintaining an advantage in the future competition, taking the lead. Therefore, it is highly practical to study the combination of credit conferring examine and approve work and big data. 1. Overview of credit management Credit management exists in commercial banks as a relatively independent management system. This kind of system can carry out data integration, reasonable management and control risks, early warning and monitoring,and can manage on the basis of credit work. The main function of credit management is to allow banks to identify credit customers more scientifically, review the credit quota of credit customers, and ensure the accurate delivery of credit business.With the development of the new century, commercial banks are constantly improving themselves, and the development and construction of the credit system is accelerating.Nowadays, the business management covering the whole process of credit management has been realized, and the credit risk management policy is effectively applied to the various processes of the credit business. At present, there are five main parts of the general credit management business in domestic commercial banks. First, customer access. The main function of the first step is to conduct effective credit screening for customers before the credit is granted, and to check whether the customer can use the credit service according to the customer's loan situation, repayment ability and business risk level. Second, the customer level. Customers with credit qualifications enter the credit business management system according to the customer's own selection level, and then analyze and judge the 2019 2nd International Workshop on Advances in Social Sciences (IWASS 2019) Copyright © (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/iwass.2019.292 1613 customer's integrity qualification. This part will review and evaluate various factors such as the customer's financial situation, liabilities and business conditions, and analyze and judge the quantity and nature of the customer's credit qualification. Third, clarify the credit line. The customer can get a clear credit line after entering the third step. This quota is only a range of ranges, and most of them are calculated by computers to calculate the specific amount of customers. The credit line is divided into different management concepts such as the actual credit line and the credit line. Fourth, credit conferring examine and approve. This is the most important part of the credit business. The credit conferring examine and approve will comprehensively manage the customer data collected in the previous period, conduct review and verification, comprehensively predict the risks that may exist in the implementation of the credit business, and make a final judgment on the credit line of the credit customers. Fifth, post-grant management. This is the final link of the credit business. The role is to examine the financial capabilities and fund management operations of the credit customers after using the business. Ensure that credit funds are flexible and secure. 2. Relationship between big data and credit risk control A. Big data and commercial bank's risk control transformation In the view of commercial banks, big data is a new type of operational change that has changed the traditional business model of the past.Commercial banks urgently need to innovate risk prevention and control models to cope with the competitive pressures of the new era in face with the complicated and disorderly market conditions. Starting from big data itself, commercial banks can also use their own basic data to optimize into a more comprehensive information system, change the original management model, centrally manage data information, and build a larger data platform. The use of advanced technology of big data can free up the workforce, give play to the creativity of staff, improve the expansion of credit business, and effectively control credit risk. B. Big data and credit risk assessment The credit scoring system originated in the United States and was widely used in developed countries with high dependence. Both Anderson B and Hardin J M believe that customers' credit scores cannot rely solely on labor. A more fair way is to rely on the comprehensive score of big data. Big data score can effectively control risks and reduce losses. Compared with the traditional model, the big data risk assessment model is not single, and also have calculation methods such as neural network, support vector machine and random forest law. C. Big data and social credit system construction The credit big data management model have been fully formed, at least five years since the State Council issued a document to determine the development status of big data. Meanwhile, the state will continue to improve on the basis of the big data information platform, obtain a large amount of data from all aspects of society, master the information resources, build an equal and harmonious data sharing platform, and constantly improve the credit conferring examine and approve management mode of commercial banks. 3. Main problems in the credit conferring examine and approve of commercial banks under big data credit conferring examine and approve has ushered in new developments in big data era. It


The research ability training is one of the most important duties in university teaching,for it is essential to researchers.In order to train undergraduates' research ability,the methods adopted by the universities at home and abroad are introduced firstly.Then the meaning and definition of the research ability are studied.Thirdly,the curriculum programs are explored,including theoretical teaching,experiment teaching,innovation and research program,graduation project,examination and evaluation system.Finally,the undergraduate teaching mode based on research ability training is presented.


Curriculum 2013 requires teachers to be more creative in compiling teaching materials which are innovative, varied, exciting, contextual, and in accordance with learners' needs to achieve learning objectives. This research aims at developing IPS materials for VII graders of Junior High School (SMP) based on ethnophotography. This study used Research and Development design (R & D). The results were analyzed by qualitative analysis technique. The results show that most social studies (IPS) teachers have not yet developed the IPS materials for VII graders of SMP which is relevant to the environmental conditions. The ethnophotography was used to determine the development of IPS materials by photographing/taking pictures of each regional potential to be used as supporting material in IPS materials. Through ethnophotography, the students would be more interested and easier to learn the material, and at the same time, they learn a variety of region's potential. In conclusion, the IPS material based on ethnophotography can be used as one of the ways to develop teaching materials to get more effective and efficient learning because students can easily understand the material through the photographs displayed in the teaching materials because the photographs show a variety of things around it.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection of moving vehicles is becoming into a significant study area in traffic control, surveillance, and military applications. The challenge arises in keeping minimal computational complexity allowing the system to be real-time as well. Applications of vehicle detection from UAVs include traffic parameter estimation, violation detection, number plate reading, and parking lot monitoring. The one stage detection model, YOLOv5 is used in this research work to develop a deep neural model-based vehicle detection system on highways from UAVs. In our system, several improvised strategies are put forth that are appropriate for small vehicle recognition under an aerial view angle which can accomplish real-time detection and high accuracy by incorporating an optimal pooling approach and dense topology method. Tilting the orientation of aerial photographs can improve the system's effectiveness. Metrics like hit rate, accuracy, and precision values are used to assess the performance of the proposed hybrid model, and performance is compared to that of other state-of-the-art algorithms.


Using N,N,N-trimethyl-8-ammonium tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6] decane iodide as a structure directing agent,B-SSZ-33 molecular sieves with an excellent price-performance ratio was successfully synthesized by process control over 3-4 days.The synthesis of Al-SSZ-33 was achieved by a post-modification procedure of B-SSZ-33 molecular sieves in an Al(NO3)3 solution.These materials were characterized in detail by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric(TG) analysis,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES),N2 adsorption/desorption,temperature programmed desorption of NH3(NH3-TPD),and solid state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance(27Al NMR).The temperature programmed desorption characteristics of toluene for the B-SSZ-33 and Al-SSZ-33 samples were obtained to understand the efficacy of these materials as hydrocarbon traps.The results show that Al-SSZ-33 with framework Al was obtained after the post-modification procedures.Compared with B-SSZ-33,Al-SSZ-33 has a higher acid strength and shows a comparatively higher toluene desorption temperature(Tmax).The presence of extra framework Al and Si species in Al-SSZ-33 modifies its pores and results in a higher desorption end temperature(Tend).Therefore,the synthesized Al-SSZ-33 is a novel catalyst for use as a hydrocarbon trap in automobile tailpipes.


The invention discloses a method and an application for improving the extracting solution yield and the concentrated solution fluidity of papermaking raw materials. The method includes (1), adding tobacco materials into the water and heating; (2), adding enzyme preparation into the water and performing mixing to obtain enzymatic mixed solution, insulating and extracting, wherein the enzyme preparation comprises pectinase, plant hydrolytic enzyme and pectinex, and the additive amount of pectinase, plant hydrolytic enzyme and pectinex respectively account for 0.01 % to 3% of the mass of the tobacco materials; (3), obtaining extracting solution, and subjecting the extracting solution to centrifugal separation and concentration to obtain concentrated solution. The enzymatic pretreatment is carried out before extraction, the enzyme preparation is used for degrading organic macromolecular substances in tobacco, so that the extracting solution yield and the concentrated solution fluidity of the tobacco raw materials are improved, and the product quality can be improved effectively. The obtained concentrated solution also can be directly used for manufacturing cigarettes without adding any additional substances, thereby improving the taste of the cigarettes.


To find out the status of nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) of nursing students,and to guide the nursing students' nutrition education and clinical nutrition nursing.We investigated 520 nursing students of their nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice.Most of the students were short of nutritional knowledge,the passing ratio of nutritional knowledge、attitude and practice was 66.9%、88.5%、50% respectively,and nutritional knowledge、attitude and practice were positively correlated(P0.05).In order to make the nursing students to meet the demand of society and build up their health,it is very necessary to strengthen the education of nutritional knowledge and the healthy dietary practices in nursing students.


Attenuation of UV-B radiation in the water column occurs due to absorption and scatter but in shallow clear freshwater systems enhanced UV-B radiation might be of importance in affecting aquatic organisms. Two laboratory experiments were performed to determine whether two species of charophytes typical for shallow waterbodies, such as Chara polyacantha and Nitella hyalina , are negatively affected by UV-B radiation. Each experiment had two treatments: (i) the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) treatment and (ii) the enhanced UV-B+PAR treatment. We focussed on the influence on growth rate, photosynthetic pigment concentration and the amount of methanol soluble UV absorbing compounds which can act as a screen preventing radiation damage. UV-B radiation increase in the Extremely Enhanced UV-B Radiation Experiment (> 15 kJ·m -2 ·day -1 UV-B dose) reduced average charophyte length in both species after three weeks of incubation and caused depigmentation and cracking of the charophytes. However, in the Enhanced UV-B Radiation Experiment (3.6 kJ·m -2 ·day -1 UV-B dose) we found a large variability in the length of charophyte individuals in both treatments after 22 and 49 days what caused that there were not statistically significant differences in the growth rates of both charophyte species. However, significant differences in C. polyacantha growth rate were found after four months of exposure. There were not either significant differences in chlorophyll a concentration in C. polyacantha charophyte tissues among the treatments. On the other hand, N. hyalina increased its chlorophyll concentration in the PAR+UV-B treatment. In both experiments, we did not find statistically significant increased levels of methanol soluble UV absorbing compounds under enhanced UV-B conditions. The lack of induction of this kind of compounds in C. polyacantha and N. hyalina under augmented UV-B doses during our experiments is in agreement with other Authors results for Chara aspera , and make us to consider charophytes as potentially sensitive organisms to UV-B radiation.


Four species of Penstemon section Peltanthera in cismontane southern California are very different in appearance and occur in several sympatric combinations. Despite the fact that they are largely interfertile, hybridization is relatively rare. Field studies have shown that each of the species has its own normal range of pollinators, and it is concluded that floral isolation adequately restricts the hybridization that might lead to swamping or merging of the species.


The use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) schemes has increased dramatically since their first introduction in 2015. Though uses in many different applications are being found, they still have a problem with the lack of interpretability. This has bread a lack of understanding and trust in the use of DRL solutions from researchers and the general public. To solve this problem, the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged. This entails a variety of different methods that look to open the DRL black boxes, ranging from the use of interpretable symbolic Decision Trees (DT) to numerical methods like Shapley Values. This review looks at which methods are being used and for which applications. This is done to identify which models are the best suited to each application or if a method is being underutilised.


The ancient Tea and Horse road in Yunnan-Tibet is a linear cultural heritage with long history,crossing the area of Yunnan,Tibet and Sichuan,abundant heritage resources and important cultural values.The concept of cultural heritage corridor provided a new idea to preserve the ancient road heritage wholly.Because the preserving strategy of the ancient road heritage corridor was too macroscopic and integrated,it was very necessary to analyze the preserving strategy in details and determine its preserving arrangement.Under the guidance of the preserving targets and principles,the article divided the heritage area into 3 preservation gradations of "point","line" and "surface" and put forward the concrete preserving programs,preserving contents and measures,so as to put the strategy into practice and facilitate the preservation of the ancient road heritage corridor effectively.


Adsorption isotherms of water or alcohol on self-proposed composite adsorbents, silica gel, 13x (molecular) sieve and activated carbon were determined with vacuum gravimetric method. The adsorption equilibrium equation deduced through the theory of volume filling of micro-pore was used to fit the adsorption isotherms (obtained,) and corresponding adsorption heat was calculated. Method of estimating adsorption isotherm at different adsorption temperature through Clausius-Clapeyron equation was discussed.The results show that relative error (between) adsorption isothermal estimation value and experimental value of water on composite adsorbent M4-0132, M1-9906 and 13x is lower than 10%, while for alcohol on composite adsorbents, the said relative error is less than 15%. Handy methods of estimating adsorption isotherms and gaining adsorption isobars were reached.


We report initial results from a prototype system to generate multiple Rayleigh laser guide stars for adaptive optics from a single pulsed laser at 354 nm wavelength. A 3.2 mW laser pulsed at 630 Hz was used to project three beams on the sky simultaneously, each pulsed at 210 Hz. A spinning mirror was used to direct the pulses in three directions at the vertices of an equilateral triangle 90 arcsec across. Laser pulses were triggered by a synchronising electrical pulse from the motor. Dynamic focusing optics in the receiving telescope will in future be used to hold such beacons from more powerful lasers in focus over a height range of many kilometers. Multiple beacons can be used to derive tomographic information on the vertical distribution of the aberration. We show initial analytical and numerical work on how the unique features of refocused Rayleigh beacons can improve the tomographic wavefront measurement for multi-conjugate adaptive optics.


Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of kidney-tonifying recipe Zuogui Wan (ZGW) and Yougui Wan (YGW) on learning and memory ability, serum corticosterone (CORT), and expression of learning- and memory-related signal transduction molecules in aging rats. Methods: Naturally aged rats (23 months) were used as animal model and were randomly divided into four groups: senile control group, senile+antagonist RU486 (antagonist of GR group, senile+ZGW group, and senile +YGW group). A fifth group was designated as the young group, composed of five-month old rats. Starting from the 21st month, rats of senile+ZGW and senile+YGW group were administered with ZGW and YGW respectively for three months. For subcutaneous injection, RU486 (5 mg/kg body weight) was administered 2 h prior to the Morris maze test (senile+antagonist RU486 group). Spatial learning and memory abilities were observed using Morris water maze test. Contents of serum CORT were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of related signal transduction molecules (CaM, pCaMK II, pERK1/2, pCREB, Arc, and pSynapsin I) were tested using Western blot. Regulating effects of kidney-tonifying recipe and RU486 on above-mentioned indicators were also studied. Results: Contents of corticosterone in serum of senile rats were significantly higher compared with the young group. Morris water maze test showed that spatial learning and memory abilities of aging rats were clearly reduced. Expression of learning- and memory-related signal transduction molecules was also visibly lowered. However, kidney-tonifying recipe and RU486 exhibited potential to improve abnormal changes of the above-mentioned indicators in senile rats to varying extent. Conclusion: Experimental findings indicate that kidney-tonifying recipe and RU486 may improve spatial learning and memory abilities and retard the effects of aging on senile rats by down-regulating abnormally high corticosterone levels and up-regulating expression of related signal transduction proteins.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of interconnective micropore on osteoblast proliferation and spreading. The micropores of scaffold were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope. Surface roughness of slurry coated surface was determined by the atomic force microscope. Contact angle goniometer was used to evaluate differences in contact angle between surfaces. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to measure the cell proliferation. The surface roughness of microporous specimens was higher than that of non-microporous specimen. The contact angles of microporous specimens were lower than that of non-microporous specimen. Cell spread was greater on microporous scaffolds than non-microporous scaffolds. In addition, cell proliferation was increased when cells were cultured on microporous scaffold. The result demonstrated that interconnective micropores of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold generally improved the response of osteoblast in-vitro. This behavior could be explained by surface roughness and hydrophilicity.


The photoproton spectra and the photoproton yield curves have been measured for $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{117}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{118}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{122}\mathrm{Sn}$, and $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ using the electrodisintegration reaction. Several proton peaks through isobaric analog states are found in each proton spectrum. In $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ it was found that 8.3- and 8.0-MeV proton groups were emitted from an analog state at 19.2 MeV. For the other isotopes the excitation energies of the analog states were also estimated by assuming the same decay mode as that of $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$. The yield curves of protons with an energy from 5.1 to 10.2 MeV have two breaks at each isotope corresponding to isobaric analog states. The excitation energies and the integrated cross sections were also determined.


This paper provides a contribution to the recent growing literature on rational inattention. We start by testing the implications of recent rational inattention models of asset management, liquidity holdings and savings using two novel datasets. Some predictions of these models are at odds with the data, which motivates us to introduce a new model that shifts the focus from non-durable to durable consumption, and features both information and adjustment costs. The focus on non-durable consumption, which departs from the previous literature, is key to improve the fit of the model. The investor's behavior in our setup combines elements of what the literature refers to as state-dependent and time-dependent adjustments. The model allows us to quantify the information and transactions costs that are consistent with observed patterns of information review and asset trades. A calibration of the model shows that very small information costs are sufficient to reproduce the (relatively high) frequency of observation that is found in the data. We test a novel prediction of the model on the relationship between assets trades and durable-goods trades and find it aligned with the data. We thank Pierpaolo Benigno, Tullio Jappelli, Igor Livshits, Bob Lucas, Luigi Paciello, Stavros Panageas, Nicola Pavoni, Rob Shimer, Gianluca Violante, and seminar participants at the Banque de France, the University of Chicago, EIEF and the Vienna Macro Conference 2009 for comments. We thank the Banque de France for financial support.


In this paper, we propose a canonical prune-and-SAT (CP&SAT) attack for breaking state-of-the-art routing-based obfuscation techniques. In the CP&SAT attack, we first encode the key-programmable routing blocks (keyRBs) based on an efficient SAT encoding mechanism suited for detailed routing constraints, and then efficiently re-encode and reduce the CNF corresponded to the keyRB using a bounded variable addition (BVA) algorithm. In the CP&SAT attack, this is done before subjecting the circuit to the SAT attack. We illustrate that this encoding and BVA-based pre-processing significantly reduces the size of the CNF corresponded to the routing-based obfuscated circuit, in the result of which we observe 100% success rate for breaking prior art routing-based obfuscation techniques. Further, we propose a new intercorrelated logic and routing locking technique, or in short InterLock, as a countermeasure to mitigate the CP&SAT attack. In Interlock, in addition to hiding the connectivity, a part of the logic (gates) in the selected timing paths are also implemented in the keyRB(s). We illustrate that when the logic gates are twisted with keyRBs, the BVA could not provide any advantage as a pre-processing step. Our experimental results show that, by using InterLock, with only three 8×8 or only two 16×16 keyRBs (twisted with actual logic gates), the resilience against existing attacks as well as our new proposed CP&SAT attack would be guaranteed while, on average, the delay/area overhead is less than 10% for even medium-size benchmark circuits.


Objectives ABCC2 contributes to the active cellular efflux of several endogenous and exogenous compounds. The 4544G>A (rs8187710) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is coding for a C1515Y substitution, has been previously associated with susceptibility to cholestatic liver disease, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, decreased graft function after renal transplantation and tenofovir-induced proximal nephropathy. It is also involved in differential flavopiridol disposition and increased lopinavir (LPV) cellular accumulation in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the 4544G>A SNP causes alterations in ABCC2-mediated transport towards different substrates and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were stably transfected with full-length ABCC2 cDNA coding the wild-type (4544G) or the variant (4544A) ABCC2 allele. Accumulation and efflux assays were carried out with three different substrates and kinetic parameters were then compared between wild-type and variant HEK293-transfected clones. The vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity of the wild-type and the variant ABCC2-transfected clones was assayed in isolated membranes vesicles. Results At a comparable expression level, the ABCC2 4544A clone showed higher accumulation of LPV, calcein and carboxyfluorescein diacetate as well as reduced ABCC2-mediated efflux of LPV compared with the ABCC2 4544G clone. The 4544G>A SNP impaired ABCC2 ATPase activity, which likely explains the reduced efflux activity of the 4544A clone. Conclusion The C1515Y amino acid substitution caused by the 4544G>A SNP in ABCC2 impairs its ATPase activity and is associated with higher cellular accumulation of ABCC2 substrates.


We have grown InN films on MgAl2O4(111) substrates with atomically flat surfaces using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and compared their structural properties with those grown on (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4(111) substrates. It has been revealed that InN(0001) films grow on MgAl2O4(111) with an in‐plane epitaxial relationship of InN[1$ \bar 1 $00] // MgAl2O4[1$ \bar 1 $0], achieving a lattice mismatch minimum. The InN films exhibited a clear sixfold rotational symmetry, without 30° rotational domains and with a full width at half maximum value of the InN 0002 rocking curve being 17.5 arcmin. Comparison between InN films grown on MgAl2O4 and those on (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 led us to conclude that suppression of the interfacial reactions between the InN films and the substrate is inherently important to obtain high quality InN on substrates with a spinel structure. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


OBJECTIVES
High failure rates of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are well recognized but poorly understood. We report exploratory analyses from an adjunctive ziprasidone double-blind RCT in adults with bipolar I disorder (reported in part 1 of this article). Data collected by computer interviews and by site-based raters were analyzed to examine the impact of eligibility criteria on signal detection.

METHOD
Clinical assessments and a remote monitoring system, including a computer-administered Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS(Comp)) were used to categorize subjects as eligible or ineligible on 3 key protocol-specified eligibility criteria. Data analyses compared treatment efficacy for eligible versus ineligible subgroups. All statistical analyses reported here are exploratory. Criteria were considered "impactful" if the difference between eligible and ineligible subjects on the YMRS change scores was ≥ 1 point.

RESULTS
504 subjects had baseline and ≥ 1 post-randomization computer-administered assessments but only 180 (35.7%) met all 3 eligibility criteria based on computer assessments. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in change from baseline YMRS score on the basis of site-based rater or computer assessments. All criteria tested improved signal detection except the entry criteria excluding subjects with ≥ 25% improvement from screen to baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of computer assessments, nearly two-thirds of randomized subjects did not meet at least 1 protocol-specified eligibility criterion. These results suggest enrollment of ineligible subjects is likely to contribute to failure of acute efficacy studies.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00312494.


Georgi and Jarlskog mass relations m/sub ..mu../m/sub e/ = 9m/sub s//m/sub d/, m/sub b/ = m/sub tau/ are obtained above the grand unification mass M = 10/sup 15/ GeV with two approx. 5's and one approx. 45 Higgs representations of SU(5) and a discrete symmetry. In the lowest order, the Kobayashi-Maskawa angles are found to be s/sub 2/ = -(m/sub c//m/sub t/) /sup 1/2/ and s/sub 3/ = -(m/sub u//m/sub t/) /sup 1/2//s/sub 1/, where s/sub 1/ is the sine of the Cabibbo angle. The CP violation is considered, and the b quark decays predominantly into c quarks with lifetime of tau/sub b/ approx. equal to 10/sup -13/ s for m/sub t/ = 25 GeV.


as an adjunct to spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Fourty five patients, aged 18–45 years, ASA I–II were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients received either ketamine 25 mg or magnesium sulphate 1.5 g or placebo intravenously 5 min prior to the i.v addition were prepared by an anesthesiologist who was not responsible to collct the intraoperative and postoperative data spinal injection. All patients were administrated standardized spinal anesthesia. Heamodynamic fidings, onset time of motor and sensorial blockade, duration of motor and sensorial blockade, duration of analgesia, postoperative haemodynamic findings, pain scores (VAS), adverse reactions were recorded. Results: The onset time of sensorial blockade was significantly longer in Group ketamine. The duration of motor blockade and analgesia were significantly longer in study groups when compared to the Group placebo. The other data were not significantly different in all groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the addition of the single dose of ketamine or magnesium via intravenously provided longer duration of motor blockade in patients with spinal anesthesia. Moreover, ketamine provided faster onset of sensory blockade. As a result, addition of i.v. ketamine or magnesium can be recommended for patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.


The comparison between X-ray resonant scattering experiments and X-ray absorption data shows that no real Mn3+/Mn4+ charge ordering occurs in manganites with Mn3+/Mn4+=1 ratio. However, these experiments demonstrate the presence of two different types of manganese atoms with a different local geometrical structure. A structural model, which accounts for both X-ray absorption and resonant scattering experiments, is proposed.


This essay will address the problem of the translatability of a pastiche of classic English prose styles into Danish. The issue is examined by way of a comparative analysis of the 'Oxen of the Sun' episode in James Joyce's Ulysses (1922), itself a 'translation' of the Homeric classic, The Odyssey, and the Danish translations. The 'Oxen' episode is both thematically and stylistically concerned with the gradual embryonic development of life as well as language, symbolised in the birth of 'the Word.' Stylistically, by way of pastiche, the episode is an 'edited anthology' of English literary prose styles from the formation of English in Anglo-Saxon times to a modern day broken English and Dublin slang (i.e. of the year of the novel, 1904). Ideologically, in his resistance to the King's English, Joyce thus undermines the very notion of a culturally distinct English literary canon.

The problem of translatability is explored in an analysis of the Danish translations of the episode by the late Mogens Boisen who produced no less than three translations of Ulysses in 1949, 1970 and 1980. With how much reverence for the canonized styles does Boisen go about translating the many-voiced text? Is his aim to maintain the foreignizing effect of the archaic language or is his strategy to domesticate it for the benefit of easy reading?


Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel(P91) is widely used for high temperature pipes in ultra-super-critical thermal power plants. However it was recently reported that the creep damage was detected at heat affected zone(HAZ) in welded joints of the pipes so-called the "Type IV" damage. So far, study on damage and life assessment methods for the welded joints of the P91 steel were concentrated on longitudinal welded pipes. On the other hand, circumferential welded joints are also susceptible to yield creep damage because of increase of axial stress by thermal stress superimposed with pipe weight itself. In this study, the effect of additional axial stress to the axial stress by the internal pressure on damage and rupture property is discussed based on internal pressure creep tests adding different levels of the axial stress using the P91 circumferential welded pipe. Rupture time of the circumferential welded pipe decreases with increasing additional axial stress level. The longitudinal cracking in the weld metal was observed in the specimen tested under lower additional stress level, and the "Type IV" cracking was observed in those under higher additional stress levels. The stress analysis results indicate that axial stress in the HAZ increases as increasing the additional stress level causing the "Type IV" cracking at a certain value of ratio of the total axial stress to the circumferential stress. Under the test condition where the "Type IV" cracking occurs is significantly shorter than predicted rupture time based on internal creep rupture data of the longitudinal welded pipes. The limited creep strain is introduced to predict rupture time of the circumferential welded pipe by considering the effect of stress multiaxiality. Eventually, times to rupture caused by the "Type IV" cracking of both the longitudinal and the circumferential welded pipes were accurately predicted by the limited creep strain concept.


Abstract. The function of the small intestine is to digest and absorb nutrients. Motility of the small intestine mixes nutrients with digestive enzymes and promotes absorption of the nutrients delivered to the gut. Gastrointestinal motility is organized in motor patterns that are dependent on the nutrient content. In the digestive phase, motility mixes nutrients with intestinal secretions by segmenting stationary contractions. Propulsion is caused by rapid propagated contractions, but also by stationary contractions if there is an aborally decreasing gradient of the number of contractions. Manometry of digestive motility requires closely spaced multiple recording points. In the interdigestive state, the small intestine is swept clear of secretions and debris through the action of the migrating motor complex (MMC) that occurs at variable intervals concomitant with episodes of gallbladder emptying and slowly propagates along the gut. Manometry of MMC is achieved using longer distances between the recording points. Immediately after food intake, nutrients rapidly flow through the intestine; later, digesta accumulates in the distal intestine through the action of inhibitory feedback mechanisms. The slowing of the transit as the nutrients pass down the gut is dependent on the motility pattern evoked in the digestive phase. Disturbance of these motility patterns may have metabolic effects as evidenced by the consequences of a deranged glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus, in smooth muscle disease with secondary bacterial overgrowth, and in obesity.


This paper presents a finite spectrum assignment procedure based upon the inputoutput relation for scalar systems with commensurate time-delays. This procedure is effective under the spectral controllability and the spectral observability of systems. Existing procedures based upon state space realizations need matrix calculation, but this procedure needs only scalar calculation. It consists of the following two steps. (1) To solve the polynomial Bezout equation consisting of denominator and numerator of the transfer function. (2) To design control systems using the solution given in the spep (1). In the step (1), the algorithm is based upon properties of polynomial ring in two variables. The solution can be obtained over polynomials with coefficients in a special ring of the finite Laplace transform. In step (2), it is possible to design output-feedback-type and observer-type control systems with a finite set of spectrum assigned.


There have been a large number of nomenclatural and taxonomic problems within Lechenaultia, and these are resolved here. A total of 24 names are lectotypified, two neotypes are chosen, a series of misapplied names is elucidated, and L. agrostophylla is synonymised under L. filiformis for the first time. As well, L. brevifolia, L. lutescens and L. papillata are described as new species, and the considerable morphological variation within several of the species is reported in detail. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus are also re-appraised, the sectional delimi- tations are re-defined and section Patentes is described as new.


No one including undergraduate students can be healthy in the absence of mental health. We need to begin to address the relative neglect of students' mental health. The study determined the prevalence of general psychiatric morbidity among undergraduate students of University of Benin, Nigeria and socio-demographic factors that may put students at its risk. Four hundred and eighty two students completed an instrument that consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. The prevalence of general psychiatric morbidity was 36.9%. The prevalence was highest among students from the Faculty of Education, those who always had financial difficulty and those who were not religious. Students with financial constraint may need financial support which may be in the form of bursary, grants, soft loans e.t.c. Private form of religiosity, specifically personal prayer devotion should be encouraged among students; these may protect against psychiatric morbidities.


The deployment of computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) is of significance for diabetic retinopathy (DR) clinical decision making (CDS) since the traditional management relied on amount of trained health care professionals. The propriety-based CDS models are not interoperable among different EHR vendors, limiting the implementation efficiency of such CDS models. This study aims to develop standardized and sharable CIGs for DR prevention. In this study, DR specific virtual medical record (vMR) was designed and data mapping was conducted from patient's continual care document (CCD). Several published guidelines on DR screening, diagnosis and treatment have been referred for DR CIG modeling via Gello, GLIF, OpenCDS editors. The CIGs were developed and testified in each editor and the results were compared. In conclusion, the developed CIG for DR is actionable and shareable, which is favorable to the management and prevention of DR.


This research effort identified the operational and safety implications of the use of reduced lane and shoulder widths for a variety of urban freeway configurations. The study used speed, crash, and geometric data for freeways in Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio, Texas. The operational analysis identified an increase of about 2.2 mph in speed for a 12-ft lane compared with an 11-ft lane. The shoulder width is significant when the adjacent lane is 11 ft wide, but not when it is 12 ft wide. These findings suggest that the width of the left shoulder is more important with a reduced lane width. Operating speeds on Texas freeways are 2 mph lower during nighttime (with roadside lighting present) than during the day. Speeds were higher (by 1.5 mph) on the weekends (Saturday) than on the weekday studied (Wednesday). The safety analysis determined a crash difference when freeways with 12- to 11-ft lanes were compared. There was a reduction in fatal and injury crashes that ranged from 5% for two-lane freeways up to 12% for five-lane freeways. Similarly, some crash reductions were associated with each additional lane, increased left shoulder widths, and increased right shoulder widths. This paper concludes with a series of sample problem scenarios that collectively demonstrate how the resulting operating speed and crash prediction models allow practitioners to assess the trade-offs that can be expected when urban freeway lane and shoulder widths are modified.


Excerpt To the editor: Allow us to comment on the recent article by Stewart and colleagues (1). The authors found intestinal bleeding in runners (taking into account the uncertainties of the method...


Electrical transport properties of phosphorus‐doped p‐type CdTe single crystals and phosphorus‐ion‐beam doped, homoepitaxial thin films have been investigated by means of van der Pauw Hall effect and resistivity measurements as a function of temperature from 8 to 400 K. Analysis of the data indicates a maximum doping level greater than 2×1017 cm−3 in the films, at least as high as in the single crystals. Phosphorus has an ionization energy of about 40 meV, the degree of compensation is smaller in the films, room temperature mobilities of the films are lower than those for single crystals by about 20%, and the temperature dependence of mobility is similar for both crystals and films. Impurity scattering is dominant at lower temperatures and polar mode scattering is dominant at higher temperatures with a maximum mobility at 150–190 K. Both the single crystals and the ion‐assisted doped films show a temperature independent resistivity at temperatures below 40 K, indicating the presence of impurity band condu...


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The arachidonyl‐amino acid N‐arachidonyl‐glycine (NAGly) is an endogenous lipid, generated within the spinal cord and producing spinally mediated analgesia via non‐cannabinoid mechanisms. In this study we examined the actions of NAGly on neurons within the superficial dorsal horn, a key site for the actions of many analgesic agents.


The luminosity function for clusters of galaxies is determined theoretically, assuming that the many-body galaxy correlation functions are scale-invariant. It is shown that the luminosity function is a power law with an upper and lower cutoff, and that the fractal dimensions for cluster-rich and empty regions of the resulting galaxy distribution are different. The specific values of these fractal dimensions are not in agreement with those determined by Jones et al. (1988). 24 references.


Is there a 'meteorology of sound'? What is the 'weather of music?' In seminal works of Classical music which refer to the seasons [Schumann's Symphony No 1 ("Fruhling"|"Spring"), Gershwin's "Summertime," or Vivialdi's The Four Seasons], and|or to the weather, such as Beethoven's Symphony No 6 ("Pastorale"|"The Pastoral Symphony"), with its fourth movement 'Thunderstorm,' composers were primarily concerned with an acoustic|musical translation of subjective sense perceptions, i.e., with a representation of nature and natural forces. In this article, however, I am more interested in the question if there is a connection between nature, weather and music beyond representation, if weather phenomena themselves can be music, and if music itself can be 'meteorological.' My first thesis is the following: whereas the composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were mainly interested in the representation of the subjective effects of weather phenomena, modern avant-garde composers more and more focus on the reproduction of the processes and dynamics of the weather as a system 'on the edge of chaos.' My second thesis is related to the first, but more specific in terms of space and time: a particular American modernist tradition in music from Charles Ives via John Cage to John Luther Adams not only starts with the writings of Henry David Thoreau – Thoreau already provides an aesthetics of music, the radicalism of which is only being followed up today.1 Let me first point out the particularity of Thoreau's musical aesthetics and 'musical ecology.' In 1851, Thoreau notes an acoustic experience in his journals that reveals his particular sensibility to the sonic environment:


Through all these new, imaginative, and creative approaches to the problem of sharing our earth with other creatures there runs a constant theme, the awareness that we are dealing with life-with living populations and all their pressures and counter pressures, their surges and recessions. Only by taking account of such life forces and by cautiously seeking to guide them into channels favorable to ourselves can we hope to achieve a reasonable accommodation between the insect hoards and ourselves (Carson 1962). The "imaginative and creative approaches" referred to by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring included a series of biological control measures as alternatives to the use of broad spectrum biocides. Sterilization and release of male insects, the use of lures and attractants, and the release of living control agents such as parasitic insects, viruses and bacteria are among the approaches that she recommended. Some progress has been made in the realm of biological control and in public, corporate and government awareness of the problems intrinsic in attempts to implement environmental control measures. The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, the banning of at least some persistent and broad spectrum biocides, the development of the concept of integrated pest control, and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of the spread of gypsy moths in the eastern United States are examples. Despite these positive trends, problems resulting from our dependence on pesticides similar to those described in Silent Spring continue to occur. Incidents of accidental poisoning, contamination of ground water supplies, resurgence of insect pests after spraying due to extirpation of natural control


Climate prediction is a main goal in global change field, while to simulate palaeoclimate is an important way to reach so. Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) is an international research program that focus on modling climate at 6ka and 21ka BP. The products and future plans of PMIP are introduced in this paper. Our recent works of palaeoclimate dynamics involved in PMIP are also presented briefly.


Purpose – Technology now allows e‐tailers to customize online store atmosphere at the individual level, with the customization controlled and executed by either the retailers or the customers, or both. Since in conventional retailing the manipulation of store atmosphere is controlled mainly by retailers (e.g. store layout, product display techniques, store theatrics, etc.), the potential for mass customization with consumer involvement radically changes the way research regarding online store atmosphere must be approached. Positioned in the e‐tailing research area, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the research challenges presented by virtual store atmosphere customization and control and to formulate specific research propositions.Design/methodology/approach – This viewpoint paper employs an interdisciplinary "desk‐research" approach. It elaborates on the emerging research challenges of customizing store atmosphere in electronic retailing highlighting the differences that exist among the conventi...


THE pharmacology of Veratrum alkaloids has been reviewed recently1 and several reports dealing with their clinical use have also appeared in the literature.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The purpose of the presen...


The dual~controlled refrigeration system is devised to enhance the energy efficiency and basic performance of an indirect cooling household refrigerator/freezer. In order to alternately serve the fresh food and freezer compartment with a conventional simple refrigeration cycle, two capillary tubes and on/off valves are adopted. The air flow switching system, which is composed of two fans and dampers, is used to provide air flow for each compartment The motor-driven on/off dampers are employed to switch the circulating path of air flowing through each compartment. The cycle and air flow switching system are controlled on the basis of compartment temperature. In the present investigation, the 510L prototype unit is a modification of a conventional refrigerator/freezer. The cycle matching and performance test is performed at 30 OC ambient temperature. The energy consumption test reveals that compared to the conventional system, the energy consumption of the present refrigeration system is reduced by about 9%. Moreover, the cooling speed test result shows that with the present refrigeration system, the refrigeration and freezing time become about 10 minute shorter than the conventional system. R-12 was used for this research.


The present invention relates to a permanent braked roller device (5) for a rollable sitting, reclining and / or transport of furniture (1), in particular a chair, said roller apparatus comprising: two rollers (9), which via a common shaft (10) are connected to each other; a housing (12) with a bearing bush (11) in which the shaft is rotatably mounted, wherein an axially acting brake device (31) and / or a radially acting braking device (35) is secured to the housing (12) and with the roller (9) permanently in frictional contact for permanent braking of the roller device (5).


This paper examines some characteristic features of the structure of crystalline beta-rhombohedral boron grown in a solar furnace. Rhobic, trigonal, and hexagonal figures are observed on the surfaces of the boron ingots grown from pressed rods of amorphous boron. These figures form as a result of prolonged holding of boron ingots in the heated state in an inert medium or in a vacuum, during which time thermal etching of the surface of the boron ingots occurs. The authors ovserved microfissures on separate boron ingots; these fissures appeared as a result of low thermal conductivity of boron. The values of the unit-cell parameters of the grown crystals are presented.


Supports on the free cash flow and agency cost theory from dividend annoucement studies have been heavily discussed in the western literature, but they have not been given much attention in the Asian countries, particularly Malaysia.This paper focuses on examining the relationship of the stock market reactions due to dividend announcements and ten company-specific variables identified from the literature as potential determinants.The results from cross-sectional and stepwise regressions both showed that none of the determining variables could explain the variation in cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) for the increasing dividend announcements. For decreasing dividend announcements, both regressions identified the degree of anticipation to be significant and inversely related to CARs.In addition, the indigenous population ownership, which is a unique characteristic of the Malaysian equity market is also found to be significant in influencing the effect of decreasing dividend announcements. The findings provide no support for the free cash flow and agency cost theory.


This study proposed an intelligent algorithm based on digital image processing and character recognition to address the current situation in which the National Medical Products Administration promulgated the relevant regulations on the complete prohibition of the use of mercury sphygmomanometers in 2020 and the currently widely used electronic sphygmomanometers need to undergo regular verification and quality testing. The intelligent algorithm made it possible to automatically acquire the electronic sphygmomanometer indication value during quality assurance or verification. The images of the electronic sphygmomanometer were captured using a Raspberry Pi-connected video camera head; in the software development, automatic detection of the electronic sphygmomanometer's indication value was achieved by running the computer vision-based OpenCV library on the Raspberry Pi and utilizing image preprocessing techniques like scale transformation, grayscale conversion, Gaussian smoothing and edge detection, and character segmentation. The development of intelligent devices for the automatic verification of electronic sphygmomanometers has a technical foundation in the research and design of the digital recognition algorithm, and it has a certain reference value for character recognition of electronic instruments or the creation of automatic instrument indication value recording devices.


In order to further improve the operation efficiency of the expressway automatic toll collection system, in this research, based on the radio frequency technology, integrated with the support of computer technology and artificial intelligence technology, the expressway automatic toll collection system based on radio frequency technology has been carried out in various aspects, including database, functional modules and other parts. On this basis, the design effect is tested through the test link. The test results show that the designed highway automatic toll collection system based on radio frequency technology has excellent overall performance, which proves that the design has achieved initial success.


Objective:To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism in Heps of mouse with Shuang Ling Fuzheng Kangai Capsule(SLFKC). Method:Mouse model of the solid tumor and ascitic cancer were established.The inhibitory rate of solid tumor and the life prolongation rate of ascites cancer were observed.The cell cycle and apoptosis of the solid tumor cells were measured by Flow Cytometry(FCM). Results:SLFKC(15 and 30g.kg -1 .d -1 ) had significant restraning effect on Heps of mouse and the life of ascites cancer bearing mice was also prolonged. SLFKC could decrease the number of cells in S and G\-2\|M phase and increase the number of cells in G 0 G 1 phase and the number of apoptosis cells. Conclusion:SLFKC has inhibiting effect on Heps of mouse. The anticancer mechanism was probably related to the synthesis of DNA during S phase,the interference with the speed of cell proliferdtion,and inducement of the apoptosis of cancerous cells.


Free amino acid composition in nitrogen fixing root nodules of the leguminosae (Fabaceae) Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth., Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. of subfamily Mimosoideae and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC of subfamily Papilio-noideae was determined. In all, 14 amino acids were detected. On the basis of their contribution to the total amino acid composition of nodules, seven of them, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine, alanine, leucine and valine were designated as major amino acids. They were present in all four species. They together formed the bulk of the total amino acid nitrogen (TAAN). Seven amino acids, i.e. histidine, lysine, cystine, glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and arginine were sporadically distributed in nodules of all the four legume species. They were present in small amounts and were designated as minor amino acids. The TAAN in members of Mimosoideae was found higher than the Papilionoideae. Minor amino acids were not detected in nodules of Papilionoideae. The pattern of free amino acids in the root nodules of these four legume trees was compared with non-leguminous and actinorhizal nodules. Abbreviations: h: hour; µL: microlitre; mJ: milliliter; TAAN: total amino acid nitrogen