Purpose
This paper aims to provide an insight into robot developments that use bioinspired design concepts.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction to biomimetics, this paper first provides examples of bioinspired terrestrial, aerial and underwater robot navigation techniques. It then discusses bioinspired locomotion and considers a selection of robotic products and developments inspired by snakes, bats, diving birds, fish and dragonflies. Finally, brief concluding comments are drawn.

Findings
The application of design concepts that mimic the capabilities and processes found in living creatures can impart robots with unique abilities. Bioinspired techniques used by insects and other organisms, notably optic flow and sunlight polarisation sensing, allow robots to navigate without the need for methods such as simultaneous localisation and mapping, GPS or inertial measurement units. Bioinspired locomotion techniques have yielded robots capable of operating in water, air and on land and in some cases, making the transition between different media.

Originality/value
This shows how bioinspired design concepts can impart robots with innovative and enhanced navigation and locomotion capabilities.


One generally considers the conducting filament in ZnO-based valence change memristors (VCMs) as an aggregation of oxygen vacancies. Recently, the transmission electron microscopy observation showed the filament is composed of a Zn-dominated ZnOx. In this study, careful analysis of the temperature dependence of the ON state resistance demonstrates that the formation/rupture of a Zn filament is responsible for the resistive switching in ZnO VCMs. Cu/ZnO/Pt memristive devices can be operated in both VCM and ECM (electrochemical metallization memristor) modes by forming different metal filaments including Cu, Zn and a coexistence of these two filaments. The device operation can be reversibly switched between ECM and VCM modes. The dual mode operation capability of Cu/ZnO/Pt provides a wide choice of select devices for constructing memristive crossbar architectures.


Some ventilation methods in buildings are introduced.The present condition of building ventilation in Datong is ana-lyzed.The problems existed in the field of buildings ventilation are pointed out and the ventilation measurement suitable of Datong is presented.


ABSTRACT Using the event study method, we examine the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war 2022 on the global tourism sector stocks. The findings suggest that the impact is different for firms in different markets. While abnormal returns of firms in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as the Pacific, are significantly negative on the event day, those in the Americas and Asia are insignificant. The cross-sectional analysis reveals that some country- and firm-specific variables significantly impact the cumulative abnormal returns.


Process management is important for any organization nowadays, because it helps the company to be more organized and it contributes to their constant optimization. In this project, processes of E-Broker are designed with SIPOC methodology, and with this and other techniques like value- added analysis, time study and computerized simulations; it can cause an improvement in the performance of the value chain, and for that increases in sales and cost effectiveness. For the development of this project, the actual situation of the company was analyzed, the most relevant problems of the company were identified and an improvement plan was proposed, as well as key performance indicators were designed; so with this the company will have a lot of significant information leading it to improve their operations and their constant growth.


The simple direct synthesis of Cu(II) and Ag(I) salts and thiobenzoic acid under ambient conditions allows the preparation of two bidimensional coordination polymers [M(TB)]n (TB = thiobenzoate; M = Cu (1) or Ag (2)). Their electrical and luminescent properties show that these are multifunctional materials. Interestingly 1 and 2 undergo a reversible solubilization process. This unusual feature and their simple preparation allow us to prepare a crystalline and free-standing thin-film of 2, using an interfacial procedure, which shows a remarkable thermochromic luminescence.


The statistics of population health indices in the Republic of Tatarstan and of medical institution activity before and during realization of Priority national project ѕThe healthї (PNP) were presented. The results of physician opinion study about the course and realization of PNP efficacy and also about tendencies of its future perfection were given.


The evolution of the business enterprise through the 20 th and 21 st centuries demonstrates a consistent migration away from strict hierarchical bureaucracies towards more collaborative management structures and practices. The advance of the information age, the rise of consumer choice and power, globalization and the inexorable pace of technological change has disrupted the tendency of firms to focus primarily on routinisation and control of production and instead prioritise agility, adaptability and rapid innovation (Heckscher, 2007). The intangible inputs of knowledge and intellectual capital have become the new imperatives of the competitive landscape (Stewart, 1997). The open sharing of knowledge among employees (Davenport & Prusak, 1999) and even between firms (Chesbrough, 2003) has become a critical element of organizational behavior best practices. The future of organizational effectiveness is increasingly dependent on interpersonal trust, loyalty and teamwork that is reminiscent of pre-industrial age guilds and family based enterprises. The fellowship model of the early church represents a


The paper deals with the theoretical formulation of the idea concerning the cooperative security and a new concept of security in the post cold war period. The author also analyses the idea and the system of security during the cold war. Additionally, the author surveys the shortcomings and insufficiency of the traditional concept and system (both national and international) of security in the circumstances of emerging global society. Taking into consideration the theoretical and practical shortcomings of the traditional concept of security, the author develops a new scientifically and methodologically based concept of cooperative security as a necessary frame for introducing a new international system of security founded on trust and cooperation among all participants in the globalization of the world. The paper presents two analytically based models of trust evolvement (founded on reciprocity and mutual identity), which may serve as a basis for a new concept of security as well as for a global institutionalization of the cooperative security.


The key to improve the calculation efficiency of the interior point algorithm based transient stability constrained optimal power flow(TSCOPF) is to reduce the dimension of the correction equation.The calculation method of TSCOPF based on multi-step expansion and dimension reduction is proposed.The method of high precision multi-step expansion is applied to deal with differential equations of the TSCOPF model to make big step length calculation possible.Considering the error of differential equations,transient differential equations are transformed into inequality constraints to further reduce the dimension of correction equation.Test results of IEEE-14,NE-39,IEEE-118 and IEEE-300 show that the proposed method can effectively deal with the optimization problem with differential equations and algebraic equations,and greatly reduce the dimension of correction equation.Comparing with the conventional implicit trapezoidal method,the method needs less computation time and memory consumption,which is suitable for the calculation of large-scale power system.


K. Yoshida, ∗ M. C. Atkinson, K. Ogata, 4, 5 and W. H. Dickhoff Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan Department of Physics, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA (Dated: September 7, 2021)


Summary Storing as hay. In "well-cured" long hay or that containing less than 30 per cent moisture, the dry-matter loss in storage will vary from 3.5 to 9 per cent and in some cases more. This loss occurs principally in the nitrogen-free extract and to a lesser degree in the ether extract. Hay containing in excess of 30 per cent moisture is not considered safe for ordinary storage. In such cases, extensive heating results that may lead to either spontaneous combustion or to the production of charred, blackened or browned hay. Dry matter losses depend upon temperatures attained and their duration. In browned and blackened hay such losses may range from 15 to 40 per cent. Heating reduces the digestibility of the hays, especially of the proteins, and increases the carotene loss. Although some browned hays have been found palatable, in general, browned hay, and blackened hay especially, are less palatable than hays that have not heated. At a given moisture content chopped hay will heat more than long hay. A "long chop" is preferable to a "short chop." Such hay should contain less than 25 per cent moisture for storage. Salting hay will not prevent excessive heating in under-cured forage. For field baling, hay should contain less than 25 per cent moisture. The losses in dry matter and nutrients (carotene excepted) of artificially dried hay are practically negligible in storage. Mow-drying of hay by forced ventilation with or without artificial heat has been shown to result generally in hay of good quality with a high feeding value. In cases where fermentations and heating have occurred, it is logical to assume that losses will be encountered just as in ordinary storage. Much more work on the nutrient content, feeding values and palatability of mow-cured hay needs to be done. Losses in carotene take place in the storage of "well-cured" long hay, in the mow, so that at the end of 300 days, such hays may have only one-quarter of their original value. In the heating of hay the carotene may be entirely lost. The losses are greater in warm weather than in cold weather. Storing as silage. The percentage loss from top spoilage will vary with the size of the silo and the precautions taken in sealing the silo. A loss of 3 to 6 per cent of the total dry matter of ensiled material is a general estimate. The actual weight of spoiled material removed from the top of a silo may represent a proportionally larger amount of original forage, because of the loss of organic matter through decay and the drying out of the material. The percentage losses through seepage also vary with the size of the silo and the moisture content of material ensiled. Normally the dry matter losses from this cause are less than 1 per cent, when the original forage contained 70 per cent or less moisture. Fermentation losses in dry matter will normally vary between 5 and 10 per cent. This is exclusive of losses from top spoilage or seepage. The feed analyses of silage is similar to the analyses of the material ensiled. The digestibility of the silage is likewise similar to the original green material, except in silage in which extensive heating has taken place. In such cases the digestibility of the protein is lowered. Carotene is generally well preserved in the ensiling process. According to some work the carotene retained in the silage averaged from 60 to 90 per cent of that ensiled. Other investigators show lower carotene retentions. Considerable variation exists in the amount of carotene retained in silage. The type of treatment has been shown to have an effect on carotene preservation. In general, treatment with mineral acids shows high retention and no treatment or wilting has given the lowest retention. The high carotene content of the silage is reflected in the carotene content of milk produced on such silage. The "grass-juice factor" has been shown to be present in grass silage, especially in silage preserved with soured whey or with phosphoric acid. The ensiling process destroys the germinating powers of a number of different weed seeds. Proper moisture evaluation and control are needed for minimizing the losses in storing forages as hay and silages.


Abstract The development and growth of rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Rheidol) was studied in seedlings grown hydroponically in complete nutrient solutions containing between 10 and 600 μM K+. The phyllochron (defined as the interval between the appearance of successive leaves) was used as a developmental timescale to compare plants. The pattern of both shoot and root development was strictly ordered on a phyllochron basis and was unaffected by solution K+ concentration, with the exception that tillers in plants grown at the lowest K+ concentrations were occasionally either not initiated or aborted at an early stage of development. However, both the rate of leaf appearance on the main stem and successive tillers and the rate of tiller appearance were slower in plants grown at lower K+ concentrations. The rate of leaf appearance on the main stem was reduced to below 90% of its maximal value at solution concentrations below about 50 μM K+. Plant relative growth rate (RGR) was also reduced by lowering the K+ concentration of the nutrient solution and fell to below 90% of its maximal value at solution concentrations below about 200 μM K+. There was a complex relationship between tissue K+ concentration and the K+ concentration of the nutrient solution, which differed between leaves and root. Leaf K+ concentration increased steadily from about 50 μmol g-1 f. wt to about 200 μmol g-1 f. wt as solution K+ concentration was increased from 10 to 400 μM. In contrast, root K+ concentration exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on solution K+ concentration, maintaining a minimal value of approximately 20 μmol g-1 f. wt at concentration below 100 μM K+, then increasing progressively to about 120 μmol g-1 f. wt at a solution concentration of 600 μM K+. The 'critical' leaf K+ concentration, i.e. the concentration at which either plant RGR or plant development was reduced 90% of its maximal value, was 86 μmol g-1 f. wt for plant RGR and 150 μmol g-1 f. wt for plant development. The 'critical' root K+ concentration was 24 μmol g-1 f. wt K+ for both RGR and development. A decline in tissue K+ concentration below these thresholds reduced plant growth considerably. Root K+ concentration was a sensitive indicator of the K+ status of the plant with respect to potential growth since plant growth declined abruptly as root K+ concentration approached its 'critical' value, whereas plant growth showed a less defined relationship with shoot K+ concentration.


Based on the theoretical presuppositions of Textual Linguistics and grounded on postulates of the varied Socio-Linguistics, this research wishes to cause a reflection on the possibility of approximation between theory and practice, from verifying the results obtained from texts written by first-year high school students, diastratic linguistic variation users, by means of teaching strategies on text study, in its macro and micro structures. The purpose of this paper is to show that one of the possible ways leading to an effective practice of the Portuguese language teaching, especially in a context of linguistic variation, like the one presented by this alumni group, may be constructed by the teaching of Textual Linguistics, with the aim of making students become textually competent. Through the study of linguistic theories, the analysis was carried through students textual productions in two distinct periods: from the results of the application tests for the selection of applicants and a textual production done by the end of the year with high school students. In both occasions, the writing proposed to students was the same, the creation of a letter to a school newspaper. The comparative analysis between initial and final texts demonstrates a considerable progress in the linguistic competence and register, composed by the accuracy of correct spelling, the use of a wide variety of lexis, and mainly in the cohesion of the produced texts, which was the focus of this research, providing a valuable contribution to the meaning of the text, the coherence. The presentation of a standard pattern of writing was focused, and also a variant one to be used in certain situations, regarding the non-standard writing brought by students as an identity element to their socio-cultural universe. It was concluded that the students proper register and linguistic progress, mainly textual related progress, are possible by means of translating the Textual Linguistics into the practice of Portuguese Language Teaching.%%%%Fundamentada nos pressupostos teoricos da Linguistica Textual e respaldada pelas postulacoes da Sociolinguistica variacionista, esta pesquisa busca suscitar uma reflexao sobre a possibilidade de aproximacao entre teoria e pratica, a partir da verificacao dos resultados obtidos nos textos dos alunos de 1 ano de Ensino Medio, usuarios de variacao linguistica de ordem diastratica, por meio de estrategias de ensino pautadas no estudo do texto, em suas macro e micro estruturas. Este trabalho pretende mostrar que um dos caminhos possiveis para a pratica efetiva do ensino de Lingua Portuguesa, em especial, em um contexto de variacao linguistica, como o que se apresentava por esse grupo discente, pode ser construido a partir dos ensinamentos da Linguistica Textual, com o escopo de tornar os alunos competentes textualmente. A partir do estudo das teorias linguisticas, foi realizada a analise das producoes textuais dos alunos em dois momentos distintos: na prova de selecao para ingresso no projeto e uma producao textual feita no final…


There has been considerable interest in recent months in the possibility of using fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer techniques to alleviate certain forms of human infertility. These techniques have been used successfully in the rabbit (Chang, 1959; Fraser & Dandekar, 1973), mouse (Whittingham, 1968; Hoppe & Pitts, 1973) and rat (Toyoda & Chang, 1974). In general, relatively few embryos have been transferred and little reference to the offspring has been made other than to note phenotypic normality. Fertilization in vitro has also been described for human eggs (Edwards, Steptoe & Purdy, 1970) and more than twelve such eggs have subsequently been transplanted (Robertson, 1974), although no pregnancies have yet been reported (de Kretzer & co-authors, 1973). The reasons for failure are unknown, but the possibility exists that fertilization in vitro may increase the chances for union of defective or abnormal gametes. Under conditions of natural mating, relatively few spermatozoa from the ejaculate reach the site of fertilization (Piko, 1969), and there are opportunities for sperm selection (Krzanowska, 1974), but with fertilization in vitro, all sper¬ matozoa presumably have an equal opportunity to fertilize an egg. It is, therefore, desirable that experimental data comparing the incidence of abnormali¬ ties in the products of eggs fertilized in vivo and in vitro be determined before the techniques of fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer are applied to man. Toyoda & Chang (1974) examined the offspring derived from rat eggs fertilized in vitro. These authors reported that eleven of twenty-two rats showed signs of microphthalmia while the defect was not seen in a group of control animals of similar size. Development of microphthalmia in the rat apparently involves both genetic and physiological factors (Hain, 1937). In a study of fourteen rabbits derived from eggs fertilized in vitro, Fraser & Dandekar (1973) described two animals with splayleg. None was found in a similar number of control rabbits derived from naturally fertilized eggs cultured in vitro and trans¬ ferred to pseudopregnant recipients. There is no information on the natural incidence of splayleg in rabbits, but the defect is known to be inherited and dependent on a recessive autosomal gene (Innes & O'Steen, 1957). We have studied the chromosomes in ten of the twelve phenotypically normal experimental rabbits mentioned above (Fraser & Dandekar, 1973). As controls, two age-matched naturally bred New Zealand rabbits were examined. Blood,


Stakeholder theory is used to analyse the rural community eco-tour development.Setting out from studying the two key problems,it utilizes stakeholder mapping to assert the stakeholder in the course of the rural community eco-tourism development and to distinguish their attribute.It is considered that the community is the key stakeholder in the course of rural community eco-tourism development,and establishing the development view based on stakeholder theory is a foundation of the rural community eco-tourism sustainable development.In addition it is a sustainable approach to run it as an enterprise.


The objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties.


The electronic absorption spectra of [3-(2-thenoyl) 3-(p-NO2-phenylhydrazone) ethyl pyruvate] (I), p-Br (II) and p-CH3 (III) were studied in ethanol and the spectra comprise four absorption bands which assigned to the corresponding electronic transition. The pK values of these compounds have been determined spectrophotometrically and pH-metrically, the results shown that the interval range for color change of compound (I) is (8-10) similar to that of phenolphethalin indicator, indicating that this compound can be used as acid-base indicator. The successive stability constants of the compounds under study with some transition elements (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), UO2(II), La(III) and Zr(IV) have been determined pH- metrically. Stoichiometric complexes with ratios 1:1 and 1:2 (M: L) were formed for all metals. The pK of the three derivatives and the values of the stability constant (logK) of the complexes have the order; III > II > I. Also conductometric titrations have been carried out and the results show that this titration can be used for determination of both the metal ion and the ligand concentrations by each others.


Two decades after the "iconic turn" has been proclaimed, it still remains uncertain whether that expression catches a paradigm shift which has actually taken place or whether it only yet calls forth for it to happen. The essay takes a look at the different ways in which the expression might be understood, referring either to a kind of visual thinking, a disciplinary self-reflection or a epistemic meta-discourse. The success of the expression goes hand in hand, so it seems, with the uncertainty of its status, as still today, it is by no means evident to question the evidence of the image. Against the verdict of the philologist Ernst Robert Curtius, still echoing today, who claimed that, in contrast with the science of text, "the science of images is easy", the essay advocates for three 'turns of the screw' in order to make image theory 'more difficult': the turn from an iconology to a    symptomatology , from extensive to intensive and from indicative to conjunctive .


In this work, the merits of class-dependent image feature selection for real-world material classification is investigated. Current state-of-the-art approaches to material classification attempt to discriminate materials based on their surface properties by using a rich set of heterogeneous local features. The primary foundation of these approaches is the hypothesis that materials can be optimally discriminated using a single combination of features. Here, a method for determining the optimal subset of features for each material category separately is introduced. Furthermore, translation and scale-invariant polar grids have been designed in this work to show that, although materials are not restricted to a specific shape, there is a clear structure in the spatial allocation of local features. Experimental evaluation on a database of real-world materials indicates that indeed each material category has its own preference. The use of both the class-dependent feature selection and polar grids results in recognition rates which exceed the current state-of-the-art results.


conditions, as well as the fact that the Wells score for both DVT and PE were developed in cohorts that mainly consisted of outpatients.2-4 It was previously shown that only 8% of inpatients with clinically suspected acute PE could be safely managed without an imaging test if they had a normal D-dimer test result. This clinical improbability could not be improved by either changing the cut-offs of the Wells score or that of the D-dimer test.5 Interestingly, a comparable number of patients with a low clinical probability of DVT and a normal Ddimer blood test result (7.5%) were identified in the study by Silveira et al.1 Because CU or venous duplex ultrasound studies are inexpensive, easy to perform, accurate, and not associated with adverse effects, the recommendation to proceed immediately to imaging tests in case of suspected DVT in hospitalized patients seems legitimate. The opposite is true for suspected PE because unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast should always be prevented if possible.5


This paper analyses the causal relation between knowledge management and technological innovation capacities and the effect of this relation over the operational results of the textile sector for the city of Medellin. In order to value the current state of the organizations in the sector in terms of knowledge accumulation and capacities, a dynamic system methodology with scenario simulation for evaluating the actual conditions was used. The information was obtained through interviews with experts and accessing specialized information on the sector. It is evidenced that an improvement in the relation between knowledge management and technological innovation generates and approximated increase of 15% over the operational revenue of the sector. Likewise, it was found that in the measure that common variables of interest (organizational strategies, communication channels, training, culture, actions for improving I + D) get closer to the desired values, the knowledge accumulation and the technical innovation capacities reach their goal values.


PAEDIATRIC nurse Elaine Chase will not face charges over the deaths of18 children following a lengthy police investigation that has attracted strong criticism.


The project SPNV 2000 sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology has as its aim the development of a modular vehicle design based on political transport requirements and the business strategy of the DB for local services. Starting from sales, production, and technical questionnaires sent to users a list of needs was first of all drawn up and the demand of research and development defined. In consequence eighteen variants of vehicle module for different fields of application--S-bahn conurbation and regional transport--were designed. These designs have been assessed by value analysis followed by cost examination. As a result a multiple-unit style of vehicle is proposed which consists of four-axle modules, all axles being driven on the power cars and none on the intermediate cars or driving trailers. These modules form the basis of a modular system of component vehicles which adapts flexibly to any field of utilisation while not hindering the development of the individual components.


The fermentation technology of enzyme concentrate was developed from fruit and plants as major materials.With the taste and color for evaluation,it is concluded that the best enzyme concentrate fermentation conditions as follows:fermentation temperature 30℃,fermentation time 60 d,after fruit enzyme concentrate with plant enzyme concentrate when mixing proportion is 2 ∶1.With orthogonal experiment,the best formula of fruit plant compound enzyme beverage was determined as follows:composite enzyme concentrate 24%,sugar 6%,honey 1%.


Previous experimental and theoretical (e, 2e) studies are reviewed, with particular reference to the low energy region and to the difficulties that arise in the theoretical modelling when continuum correlations are important. Recent experiments are described in which the correlations in the atomic (e, 2e) ionization processes are explored in a novel way.


'Personæ' is an interactive large-scale space sound installation designed by the students of the music technology classes of the 'V. Gambara' music high school in Brescia (Italy). The activities that led to the conception and realization of the installation were part of 'The Discovery of Interactive Spaces' project, a set of extracurricular workshops organized by the authors of this article between spring 2019 and winter 2020 with the support of the Italian National Operation Program (PON). At the end of January 2020, the installation was presented during a public event and an evaluation questionnaire was administered to 79 visitors. The purpose of this research is to assess how the public, students, parents, teachers and classmates received the 'Personæ' installation, and the technology integration within regular study curricula. While the majority of visitors have well received the artistic and communicative value of the installation, the questionnaire reveals that there is not a similar uniformity of agreement on some aspects of technology integration in school curricula.


Recently, manufacturers have been challenged with the growing demand for highly personalized products and services. A major obstacle for developing this complex offer has been a manufacturer's capability to assess resource requirements in the value creation network. This paper presents the impact of such an offer on key processes and it discusses our initial investigation towards a novel resource planning tool for personalization offers. A case in the iron golf club industry is used for illustrative purposes.


The paper introduces the functions of proxy server and the features of shareware software PROXYPLUS, and explicates how to setup a multifuction proxy server with PROXYPLUS


This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n‐NonCo mmerc ial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2019 The Authors, Plants, People, Planet © New Phytologist Trust 1Austrian Educational Competence Centre for Biology (AECCbio), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 2Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 3Hochschule für Agrar‐ und Umweltpädagogik, Vienna, Austria


The paper introduces the structure and technology advantage of profibus based on fieldbus technology abstractly, and analyses the technology characteristics and its development in China. The author believes that the development of fieldbus will result in the great changes of automation field.


1. Introduction The FIB (focused ion beam) is now widely accepted as the most site-specific TEM preparation tool and as such proves to be highly valuable when analysing ULSI devices. However, using high-energy Gallium ions for milling induces amorphization of the crystal surfaces. A method able to quantify this surface alteration on silicon using a combination of CBED (convergent beam electron diffraction) and EELS (electron energy loss spectroscopy) is presented. CBED is a powerful tool that also can generate an accurate measure of crystal thickness. EELS can yield the total sample thickness, so from the difference the combined amorphous layers can be assessed. Two sets of application results are presented: the first one is obtained on a FIB thinned sample using an ion energy of 50 keV and the second set of results confirms the validity of the proposed method on a mechanically polished specimen with no subsequent ion milling.


There's made an attempt in the work to estimate the bentos population of the Northern Caspian Sea by mathematic modelling methods. At use of the given method probably considerably to improve the forecast of the general admissible fishes in this area.


The invention relates to a tripod (10), in particular for receiving a medical optical device (26), for example an operation microscope, comprising a first stand part (12) and with a to the first stand part (12) by means of a rotary joint (16) rotatably connected the second stand part (14) about a rotational axis (18) can be moved relative to the first stand part (12), supported with a on the first stand part (12) drive unit (54) coupled to a the second stand part (14) has drive member (56), and with a control device (78), the controller module connected one with the drive unit (54) (80) for adjusting a with the drive member (56) of the drive unit (54) driving torque provided. According to the invention, the control means (78) includes a torque sensor (76) for detecting a second stand part (14) acting torque (M


Objective To explore the levels of the AFP and GGT in primary hepatoma before and after interventional therapy and investigate their significance.Methods All 65 cases were treated with interventional therapy(TACE),and the serum AFP and GGT levels were detected before and after treatment.Results The GGT and AFP levels were different before and after treatment in the non-metastasis group(P0.01),and however,there was no significant difference in the levels in the metastasis group.Conclusion The AFP and GGT levels are important in evaluating the TACE effect and the prognosis of primary hepatoma.


The present study focuses on flash flood modeling on several mountaneous catchments situated in Western Romania by the use of two methodologies, when rainfall and catchment characteristics are known. Hence, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Method and the Rational Method will be employed for the generation of the 1%, 2% and 10% historical flash flood hydrographs on the basis of data spanning from 1989-2009. The SCS Method has been applied on the three gauged catchments in the study area: Petris, Troas and Monorostia making use of the existing interconnection between GIS and the rainfall-runoff models. The DEM, soil data and land use preprocessing in GIS allowed a determination of the hydrologic parameters needed for the rainfall-runoff model, with special emphasis on determining the time of concentration, Lag time and the weighted Curve Number according to Antecedent Moisture Conditions II, adapted for the Romanian territory. HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model (Hydrologic Engineering CenterHydrologic Modeling System) facilitates the historical 1%, 2% and 10% flash flood hydrograph generation for the three afore mentioned watersheds. The model is calibrated against measured streamflow data from the three existing gauging stations. The results show a good match between the resulted hydrographs and the observed hydrographs under the form of the Peak Weighted Error RMS values. The hydrographs generated by surface runoff on the ungauged catchments in the area is based on an automation of a workflow in GIS, built with ArcGIS Model Builder graphical interface, as a large part of the functions needed were available as ArcGIS tools. The several components of this model calculate: the runoff depth in mm, the runoff coefficient, the travel time and finally the discharge module which is an application of the rational method, allowing the discharge computation for every cell within the catchment. The result consists of discharges for each isochrones that will be subsequently interpolated in order to obtain the hydrograph of the historical flash floods. The two methodologies employed offer the hydrologist the opportunity of computing the historical hydrographs be it on a section of the river at choice, or for every affluent within the small river basins studied, the graphical data being easily accessed both in GIS and HEC-HMS. The peak discharge values of the main rivers as well as those of their tributaries are of great importance in establishing the hydrologic hazard under the form of floodplain maps that are inexistent for the studied watersheds.


The purpose of this study is to produce a science learning tool with a valid, practical, and effective guided inquiry model. The subjects of the study were 8th grade students at SMPN 1 Martapura Timur. The development model used is the Tessmer model, which includes: 1) self-evaluation, 2) expert test, 3) individual test, 4) small group test and 5) field test. Descriptive quantitative research methods. The research subjects consisted of three individual student trial subjects, 12 small group test subjects. Subjects of the field test students were 30 students. Determination of research subjects in a purposive manner, namely students who have high, medium, and low academic ability. The results showed that the science learning tools were valid, practical and effective. Validation is shown from the results of the validation of 3 experts categorized as very valid and the test readability of teaching materials and worksheets by students who are categorized very well. Practically used because partner teachers are able to carry out learning activities. Effectively used based on the observed parameters namely 1) learning achievement test with 77% completeness, 2) students' critical thinking skills (analysis and drawing conclusions) are very good, while (interpretation, evaluation, explanation and independence) are good, 3) participant psychomotor skills very good students, 4) the behavior of students' characteristics (thorough and responsibility) on average is very good, 5) the social skills of students (working together and contributing ideas) on average are very good and the results of spiritual attitudes towards gratitude are very good categorized . The conclusion is that the learning tools developed meet the valid, practical and effective criteria.


The adsorption of a charged thiol (HSC10COO-) on gold from its aqueous solutions of different concentration was monitored in situ by probing the surface charge. This was accomplished by measuring the interfacial forces between a modified (with a negatively charged silica sphere) tip of an atomic force microscope and the thiol-adsorbed gold surface as a function of adsorption time. The surface charge and potential were then deduced from the force data. If a Langmuir rate law is employed to fit the overall surface coverage vs time data, average observed adsorption rate constants of 0.045 ± 0.005 (0.5 mM) and 0.020 ± 0.003 (0.05 mM) min-1 were obtained and were dependent on thiol concentration. The self-assembly process was a two-step process, an initial fast step followed by a slow step.


tension in our present world, they are usually not treated as a central problem in the literature on under-development.' Gunnar Myrdal wrote these words about the difference in living standards between different countries. Yet they are of even more immediate relevance to the difference in standards between communities living within the same country, especially when those communities are distinguished also by a difference in race. Table 1 shows the difference between average European and African incomes amongst the inhabitants of Southern Rhodesia. The figures have been prepared, as far as possible, in a way that excludes migrant workers from other territories.


Objective This study summarizes and compares clinical and laboratory characteristics of 34 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China from Jan. 22 to Mar. 5, 2020. Methods A total of 34 patients were divided into two groups, including those who required noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with additional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 11 patients. Clinical features of COVID-19 patients were described and the parameters of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results The rates of the acute cardiac and kidney complications were higher in IMV cases than those in NIV cases. Most patients had lymphocytopenia on admission, with lymphocyte levels dropping progressively on the following days, and the more severe lymphopenia developed in the IMV group. In both groups, T lymphocyte counts were below typical lower limit norms compared to B lymphocytes. On admission, both groups had higher than expected amounts of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), which over time declined more in NIV patients. The prothrombin time was increased and the levels of platelet, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 were higher in IMV cases compared with NIV cases during hospitalization Conclusions Data showed that the rates of complications, dynamics of lymphocytopenia, and changes in levels of platelet, hemoglobin, BUN, D-dimer, LDH and IL-6, and prothrombin time in these ICU patients were significantly different between IMV and NIV cases. 目的 本研究拟总结2020 年1 月22 日至3 月5 日在中 国杭州浙江大学医学院附属第一医院重症监护 病房(ICU)收治的34 例2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19)患者的临床和实验室特征。 创新点 本研究比较了COVID-19 患者有创机械通气组 (IMV)与无创氧疗组(NIV)的临床和化验室 特征,并探讨了两组患者间化验室指标的动态变 化的差异。 方法 纳入研究期间入住我院ICU 的新冠肺炎重症患 者,收集所有患者临床资料和化验室资料。根据 是否接受有创机械通气将患者分为IMV 组和 NIV 组。比较两组的临床特征参数,并动态观察 两组化验室指标的变化。 结论 NIV 组患者急性肝、心、肾并发症发生率较高。 两组患者在入院时均出现淋巴细胞减少,但随着 病情进展IMV 组出现更严重的淋巴细胞减少症。 与B 淋巴细胞相比,两组T 淋巴细胞计数均更明 显低于正常值下限。入院时,两组患者的血浆白 介素-6(IL-6)水平均高于正常值上限。随着时 间的推移,NIV 组患者的IL-6 水平下降更多。住 院期间IMV 组患者的血小板、血红蛋白、血尿素 氮、凝血酶原时间、D-二聚体、乳酸脱氢酶和IL-6 水平均高于NIV 患者。


factref is used with factext, descsave, parmby and parmest (q.v.). It takes, as input, a data set created by parmby or parmest, in which categorical variables (factors) have been created by descsave and factext. These factors are variables (numeric or string) representing categorical variables in the fitted model, represented by dummy variables such as those created by xi. factref adds to that data set a set of additional observations with reference values for these factors, copied from the omit characteristic for each factor. For each factor, factref creates one reference observation if there are non-missing values for the factor and there is no by-variable list, or one reference observation for each by-group where there are non-missing values of the factor if there is a by-variable list. After the reference observations have been added, the user may create a plot or table of confidence intervals for factor effects.


The DCMS just released a study on the benefits of superfast broadband in the UK looking at the impact of public interventions. Jonathan Liebenau of the LSE Network Economy Forum offers initial thoughts on the report's usefulness and limitations, promising more analysis to come and raises questions to guide further analysis.


The influence of different size carbon black mixing on mechanical properties,heat build-up and the damping properties of natural rubber(NR)/epoxidized natural rubber(ENR) blends was investigated as compared with carbon black N660,and the processibility of blends was measured by RPA.The results showed that the mechanical properties of vulcanizate filled with N660/N330 and N660/N990 were medium between two carbon black filled individual.Different size carbon black mixing can decrease the dynamic storage modulus(E′)and broaden the damping range of NR/ENR damping material.The processibility of NR/ENR vulcanizate was improved with different size carbon black mixing.


The Mogami River basin enclosed by high mountains of Asahi, Iide and Ohu, has snow melt runoffs which begin at the middle of March and last about two months. The total outflow of the runoffs occupies about 40% of the annual outflow, becoming a major resource of the water supply. The runoff also transports huge amount of various materials suspended or solved in the water. Illuminating the suspended substance in the runoff, this study analyses the temporal and spatial characteristics of the concentration and the total flux of the transport. The observation was performed on May 2, 1996 by using hand made samplers specially designed for the high speed flow, covering the confluence of five major branches. NOAA AVHRR data, and time sequential data of the discharge and turbidity have been collected to examine the snow covered area, and temporal characteristic, respectively. Spatial distributions of concentration and sediment transport indicate that the catchment of Nagasaki, which includes Tide and Asahi mountains having wide snow covered area, yields dominant amount of the wash load. Time sequences of the concentration and discharge at Shimono result in the suspended substance transport integrated in April and May 1996 of about 1.5E8kg. It is shown that the concentration is proportional to 1.44 power of the discharge, but the coefficient of proportionality decreases for the later runoff. This phenomena may be interpreted that the decrease of wash load material in the basin by washout influences the concentration. This mechanism is modeled to reproduce the concentration by using only the time history of the discharge.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of the ligating therapy on anal fissure.Methods In the multi-centered,prospective,randomize-controlled clinical trial,240 cases with anal fissure were equally divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group was treated with ligating therapy while the control group treated with resection.The operative duration and bleeding,incision healing duration,pain severity,canal resting pressure,and safety of both groups were observed.Results The operative duration was shorter and bleeding was less in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.01).There was no significant difference in the incision healing duration,postoperative pain VAS score,and anal canal resting pressure between two groups(P0.05).The postoperative bleeding of the treatment group was significantly less than that of the control group(P0.01).There was no significant difference between groups in recurrence rate in the 3-month follow-up(P0.05).Conclusion The ligating therapy for anal fissure is effective in result,easy to practice,and less bleeding during and after operation.


Five hundred and forty‐four patients with primary operable breast cancer were treated by the senior author (JAU) from 1965 to 1970, following a plan of selective surgery involving radical mastectomy (RM), extended radical mastectomy (ERM), and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) applied to appropriate patients. Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to the peripheral regional nodes in 90 percent of node‐positive patients. No patient received adjuvant chemotherapy.


RATIONALE
Discovery proteomics has been popularized to be essential in the investigators' biological toolbox. Many biological problems involve the interplay of multiple organisms. Herein, a bottom-up proteomics workflow was developed to study a system containing multiple organisms to promote a thorough understanding of how each interacts with the others.

METHODS
A label-free quantification proteomics workflow was developed with nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). This protocol describes a bottom-up proteomics workflow used to study differential protein expression in the context of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) experimentally infected by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, the etiological agent of Cat Scratch Disease (CSD).

RESULTS
Step-by-step instructions are provided for protein cleanup, total protein measurement, nanoLC-MS/MS data acquisition, and data analysis using Proteome Discoverer software. Comprehensive details are included to promote the adaption of proteomics workflow in other laboratories.

CONCLUSION
A proteomics protocol is detailed for a system containing multiple proteomes from different taxonomic lineages using cat-flea-Barttonella as an example. The operating protocol can be readily applied to other label-free proteomics work involving multiple proteomes from taxonomically distinct organisms.


In this paper embedded strong discontinuities are used to model discrete cracking in materials like concrete. In the approach followed a discontinuous displacement field is considered and the deformation is localized at a surface of zero width. Both a damage law and a plasticity law are adopted to describe the constitutive relation between tractions and displacement jumps at the discontinuity surface. An algorithm is introduced to enforce the continuity of the crack path, permitting a clear identification of the discontinuities in the mesh. Both mode I and mixed mode cracking have been considered and the importance of the shear tractions on the global behaviour of a structure is assessed. With the formulation adopted it is concluded that: i) realistic crack patterns are obtained, similar to those found in experiments and ii) the dissipation of energy can be objectively found irrespective of the mesh that is used.


Abstract The conversion of grasslands for agriculture has triggered a serious decline of the European ground squirrel or souslik Spermophilus citellus, categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996. The Jakupica phylogeographic lineage of central Macedonia is the smallest of the three major evolutionary lines of the European souslik. This lineage is an important reservoir of within-species diversity and should be regarded as an independent unit for conservation management purposes. It is endemic to Mount Jakupica, where it lives in mountain pastures at 1,500–2,250 m altitude. The total area occupied by sousliks (884 ha) is fragmented and 94% of individuals occur in four colonies. Densities (0.8–5.5 adults ha−1) are lower than those reported elsewhere for the species, with the total population probably <2,000 adults. One large colony, reportedly of c. 1,000 sousliks, was decimated in 2007 by a catastrophic fire and had still not recovered by 2010. A steady decline in livestock grazing, together with the predicted advance of the tree line as a consequence of climate change, will probably reduce the optimal habitat for the souslik and negatively affect population fitness. Monitoring needs to be implemented, at least for the largest colonies, to provide early warning of any declines.


Background: Duodenal ulcer perforation is one of the common complications of duodenal ulcer disease despite the use of various anti-ulcer agents and eradication therapy. Laparoscopy has become increasingly popular in management of duodenal ulcer perforation. Aim of the Work: to compare between the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic and laparotomy repair of perforated duodenal ulcer in terms of operative time, postoperative pain, postoperative complication, Hospital stay and resuming normal activity. Patient and Methods, This prospective study included 50 patients with perforated duodenal peptic ulcer were admitted to the General Surgery Department in Ain Shams University Hospitals and Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital from May 2016 to December 2017. The patients were divided by random serial number method into two groups: group A included 25 patients for laparoscopic procedure, and group B included 25 patients for open repair. Results: laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcers is superior to the open repair as regards the postoperative pain, return of bowel habit, start of oral diet and length of hospitalization. Currently, the main drawbacks of laparoscopic repair are a longer operation and a higher incidence of intra-abdominal collection. The open repair has a higher rate of chest infection, wound infection. Suture leakage was reported in one case in the open group and in one case in laparoscopic group. Conclusion: laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcers is a safe emergency procedure with many advantages such as less postoperative pain, early return of bowel habit, early start of oral diet, less length of hospitalization, good cosmetic outcome and less postoperative complications as(wound infections ,chest infections and incisional hernias).


Among 223 applicants for disablement pension who had undergone operation for gastric or duodenal ulcer, 46 proved to have a serum B12 level below 200 pg/ml. Out of this group, 42 were admitted for further investigation. A total of 33 (79 per cent) exhibited signs of myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, or severe intellectual impairment, presumably due to B12 deficiency. Only 6 (14 per cent) showed the classical appearance of megaloblastic bone marrow. Sufficient B12 therapy was carried through in 33 cases, resulting in subjective improvement in 26.


In this paper, by using the direct variational and the Gelerkin approximation methods, we study the dual Morse k-index theory of subquadratic Hamiltonian systems without conexity. As an application, we study the stability of closed characteristics on the strictly convex C2 conmpact hypersurface in R2n. We prove that under a relaxed pinched condition, there exists a strictly elliptic characteristic on .


Global governance rises in the 1990s,the main characteristic of which is the plurality of governance body.This gives challenge to the accountability in the global governance,thus bring the main issue that this article focuses.Through defining the connotation of accountability in the field of governance,this article discusses two regulating tools to actors in global governance:market pressure and internal norm.Market pressure may compel the actors,especially the transnational corporations,to obey public accountability,while the actors may keep pace with their internal norms by self-adjustment and self-reflection.Finally,this article points that transparency is an indispensable premise if we want these two kinds of tools could exert role.Only guarantee the transparent actions can the external and internal actors work.At the same time,this article indicates the shortcomings of these two kinds of tools.


We propose to use terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) as a novel tool to characterise the thickness and uniformity of up to four layers of car paint on both metallic and non-metallic substrates. Results of the terahertz measurements are compared with other techniques, i.e. ultrasound, eddy current measurements, and X-ray computed tomography and good consistency is found between the techniques. Compared to other measurement techniques TPI has the advantage that it is a non-contact method.


The late Arthur Rook established the Textbook of Dermatology as the most comprehensive work of reference available to the dermatologist. Covering all aspects of skin disease from basic science through pathology and epidemiology to clinical practice, the text is recognized for its unparalleled coverage of diagnosis. Hailed by reviewers as 'a thorough, modern masterpiece' and 'the best textbook of dermatology in the world', and trusted by dermatologists around the world for accurate and comprehensive coverage, this clinical classic is the definitive source of information for all dermatologists. The new edition of this venerable classic extends the standard of excellence to include:
• All-new coverage of cosmetic dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases
• More material on evidence-based dermatology
• Increased coverage of dermoscopy
• More emphasis on therapeutics throughout the set
• More contributions from a greater variety of international experts.


The composition, distribution and abundance of Oligochaeta in Obazuwa lake of Benin City in Edo State, South-Southern Nigeria was investigated between July 2014 and June 2015. The findings, revealed a total of 18 Oligochaeta taxa and 482 individuals comprising, 11 species of Naididae family, 1 species of Aeolosomatidae family, and 6 species of Tubificidae family. The percentage abundance of Oligochaeta in the study stations showed that Naididae had the highest abundance of 66% followed by Tubificidae and Aeolosomatidae recording 28% and 6% respectively. Naididae was predominant and widespread in the study stations. The abundance and community structure of Oligochaeta in this study showed significant variations (P 0.05). The impact of seasonal variations, human activities and environmental factors influencing the distribution and abundance of Oligochaeta are observed. There is a need for freshwater biologists to investigate the developments in Oligochaeta ecology in lakes and other freshwater ecosystems. Key Words : Oligochaeta , Naididae , Aeolosomatidae and Tubificidae , Obazuwa Lake


An on-line beat tracking algorithm based on the digital phase-locked-loop (PLL) technique is proposed in this work, which estimates both the music tempo and the position of beat pulses in real time. In addition to a detailed description of the proposed algorithm, we show that the PLL-technique is effective in its tracking performance and simple to implement.


Starch is more frequently encountered when analyzing the pigments and materials of Austrian art objects than is generally known. In addition to the traditional use primarily as an adhesive and a binder in the form of glue, starch is found both as a filler as well as a carrier in mixing coloured varnishes. Examination under a light optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope provided evidence. The starch grains turned blue and became invisible when coloured with an iodine solution. The test results are shown in tables. One lists the objects containing starch in the priming. The allocation of starch as a filler in priming was unequivocal. Although starch was not often used as an additive in priming since the 13th century, it is encountered now and then. Another table lists all the objects in which starch was found as an additive and carrier for coloured varnishes in red pigmented paint layers. The 18th century particularly stood out here. Starch as an additive and carrier for coloured varnishes containing Prussian blue were especially predominant in the 19th century. It is interesting to note that no starch was found in the yellow or green pigmented layers.


During aging, spinal cord motoneurons show characteristic changes including the loss of afferent boutons, a selective process that associates with gliosis and behavioral motor impairment. Evidence suggests that the major histocompatibility complex Class I (MHC I) system may be involved in synaptic plasticity of neurons during development and regeneration. In search of a mechanism governing senescent changes in synaptic connectivity, we report evidence for increased expression of MHC I and β2 microglobulin (β2M) in motoneurons and glial‐like profiles of 30‐month‐old rats. The regulatory signal(s) for MHC I expression in normal neurons remains unresolved but among tentative molecules are cytokines such as interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Interestingly, aged motoneurons, overlapping with those showing increased levels of MHC I, contained increased levels of INF‐γ receptor message. INF‐γ mRNA was detected at low levels in most (8/9) of the aged spinal cords but only infrequently (2/9) in young adult spinal cords; however, the cellular localization of INF‐γ mRNA could not be determined. Our data also indicates that TNF‐α is upregulated in the senescent spinal cord but that TNF‐α immunoreactive protein does not associate with motoneurons. We report evidence for an increased expression of MHC I and β2M in senescent spinal motoneurons and discuss the possibility that this regulation associates with INF‐γ or changes in neurotrophin signaling and neuron activity in senescence. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


It is a challenging task to provide Quality of Service (QoS) control for a shared high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) wireless channel. In this paper, we first propose a new dynamic resource control framework integrated with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) to support class-based multimedia applications over HSDPA wireless channels. Then we present a new scheduling algorithm, Delay-sensitive Dynamic Fair Queueing (DSDFQ), to meet delay requirements of multimedia applications as well as maintain high network efficiency. The proposed approach can easily adapt to load fluctuations of different traffic classes and varying wireless channel conditions caused by user mobility, fading and shadowing. Performance evaluation shows the advantage of our proposed approach.


Compared to traditional rigid robots, continuum robots have intrinsic compliance and therefore behave dexterously when performing tasks in restricted environments. Although there have been many researches on the design and application of continuum robots, a theoretical investigation of their dexterity is still lacking. In this paper, a two-joint wire-driven continuum robot is utilized to demonstrate dexterity by introducing the concept of orientability taking into account two indices, the accessible ratio and angle of the robot, when its tip reaches a certain task space inside the workspace. Based on the kinematic model, the accessible ratio and angle of the continuum robot are calculated using the Monte-Carlo method. From this, the influence of individual joint lengths on the proposed orientability indices and the optimal joint length are then investigated via an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the presented methods were validated through experiments showing that the use of optimal joint length can increase the accessible ratio and reduce the minimum accessible angle by more than 10° in the task space.


Abstract A set of proper subgroups is a cover for a group if its union is the whole group. The minimal number of subgroups needed to cover G is called the covering number of G, denoted by σ  ( G ) ${\sigma(G)}$ . Determining σ  ( G ) ${\sigma(G)}$ is an open problem for many nonsolvable groups. For symmetric groups S n ${S_{n}}$ , Maróti determined σ  ( S n ) ${\sigma(S_{n})}$ for odd n with the exception of n = 9 ${n=9}$ and gave estimates for n even. In this paper we determine σ  ( S n ) ${\sigma(S_{n})}$ for n = 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ${n=8,9,10,12}$ . In addition we find the covering number for the Mathieu group M 12 ${M_{12}}$ and improve an estimate given by Holmes for the Janko group J 1 ${J_{1}}$ .


In the submitted work the noise characteristics of hail dropping strikes in urban environment are analyzed. In light of ground observations through crowd-sourcing mobile applications two hail storm recording spectra are compared. It is shown, that the low frequency component has strong influence on noise energy.


Norepinephrine (NE) was released from cat spleens either by nerve stimulation or injection of potassium. Krebs-bicarbonate solution was perfused at a rate of about 7 ml/min at 35°C. Perfusion of the normal or phenoxybenzamine-treated spleens with Krebs9 solution at pH 6.2 to 6.4 for 30 minutes reduced the NE output by about 50 to 60%. Initial perfusion of the spleen with low pH Krebs9 solution containing 10 mM Ca ++ prevented the inhibitory effects of low pH, although perfusion with the same solution after first establishing the pH effect was much less effective. Tetraethylammonium (1 mM) did not antagonize the inhibitory effects of low pH on releas.


The present invention relates to a safety syringe with a removable needle, and more particularly, has an injection needle, the safety cap to become a luer lock tip, the needle of the luer lock tip which is provided to be detachable to the syringe body housing, and the safety luer cap comprises a connection means for detachable to the lock tip, and to separate the safety cap from the luer lock tip wherein the needle is used as the exposure condition, the injection needles are jidoe covered by the safety cap, wherein the connecting depending on the safety cap fixed to the luer lock tip by the means, the luer lock tip and the safety cap to the needle is housed in the internal state is separated from the syringe body. According to the present invention as described above, so stuck needles protects the user's hands, of course, got the needle can be easily separated from the syringe and can reduce accidents and prevent costs, are you in the medical field eMERGENCY vying for points and chongak so that implementation can be applied as a familiar manner using ohdeon ever written, or the situation is moving, or the patient is moving, etc. put your mind so that the situation can be quickly and securely handle the syringe.


Electro Energy, Inc. is developing high power long life bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries for Aircraft and other High Power Applications. The sealed wafer cell is the building block of the high power and voltage batteries making the assembly easy and cost effective. High power bipolar battery designs are ideal in applications where conventional battery use would require excessive capacity decreasing payload weight and volume. The bipolar nickel metal hydride design allows for high voltage designs with a 25% reduction in both weight and volume. Utilizing a sealed wafer cell design Electro Energy has demonstrated 1.2 KW/Kg and 1.9 KW/l.


The evolution of wireless devices, such as laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cell phones, has changed the way networking and communication are perceived. The growing dependence on these devices, along with the high mobility of users, has increased the need to be connected in all places at all times. This increase in user demand, along with the evolution of new applications such as satellite networks, sparse mobile networks, and remote disconnected communities, has ultimately led to the rise of the delay and disruption tolerant networks (DTNs) research area.
The future of computer networks includes an Internet that encompasses numerous heterogeneous networks, reaches out to the most remote areas, and provides communication in the most extreme and unstable conditions. With such a vision, new problems with large complexities arise. Communication devices in the future will be required to remain connected despite the rise of new challenges such as network partitioning, intermittent connectivity, large delays, the high cost of infrastructure deployment, and the absence of an end-to-end path.
This dissertation addresses some of the major problems that arise, as a result of these challenges, in delay and disruption tolerant networks (DTNs). We study several protocol and architectural challenges in DTNs. We specifically introduce and study a new class of DTNs, known as Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks (DTMNs). We propose various controlled flooding schemes in DTMNs, and investigate the performance of these schemes over different DTMN architectures. Additionally, we study the dedicated messenger ownership schemes and scheduling strategies in clustered DTMNs. Furthermore, we address transport layer issues, particularly reliability, in DTN environments. We present a solution for mobile devices experiencing opportunistic intermittent connectivity. Finally, we propose a novel architecture, ParaNets, that encompasses our vision of how future DTN solutions will be built.


The delivery of frontline healthcare services has traditionally been framed by clinical considerations and viewed predominantly from the perspective of the medical professions involved in care of patients. But what if a broader approach was adopted in which the patient experience was placed at the centre of the process and services were framed by design thinking as well as clinical considerations? This paper explores an alternative patient-centred approach to healthcare – both in the hospital and in the community – that draws on universal design principles. The paper examines the Seven Principles of Universal Design (as defined by Ron Mace, North Carolina State University, 1997) and evaluates which of those principles are relevant to the complex demands of healthcare today, using case studies from The Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design, RCA. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of a more inclusive approach for both clinical and design practice.


By means of solvent casting, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite membrane was prepared. The effect of different content of BC on the mechanical properties of PLA was studied. The prepared membrane was placed for degradable experiment in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer solution, and the effect of BC on the degradability of PLA was studied. The results showed with the increase of the BC content, the elongation at break and the tensile strength of the modified PLA were obviously improved, and the degradation rate was accelerated.


No matter how little imagination one has, the vision of the corner building of the Darwinion -wrapped in lush vegetation and in the middle of exclusive San Isidro neighborhood of cobbled streets and stately residences- can only awaken unforeseen associations with a Hindu temple, some esoteric cenotaph, a masonic center, the fearsome laboratory of Dr. No or even the Orc of Bomarzo, over whose dark mouth ´ogni pensiero vola´.


The main problem of Moro Muslims in Southern Philippines are now the right to self-determination but it also include poverty, underdevelopment, low education, unemployment, discrimination, and violent conflict. Upon the Spanish colonization for more than three centuries (1521-1898), the Moros were controlled by the United States for almost five decades (1898-1942). Japan colonised them for three years before they were integrated to the Republic of Philippines in 1946. Their struggle for independence still continues today represented by the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), establihsed in the late 1960s and led by Nur Misuari, and by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) led by Salamat Hasyim in 1981. The birth of the MILF was a response to dissatisfaction with the MNLF that was considered less assertive in fighting for Bangsamoro's rights and too accommodative to the Philippine government. In early 1990s, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) led by Abdulrajak Janjalani emerged to respond the situation. In later development, it rises to become a prominent group involved in a long-standing conflict and terror in this landmark of Southeast Asia region.


The next decade looks certain to be preoccupied with the issue of accountability. This article is a plea for including with confidence in any discussion of accountability one continuous tradition of English school education. Risking a simplistic analysis of a complex, rapidly changing set of patterns, it could be said that there have been three main strands in the development of state schools. One is education to provide a work-force to satisfy the needs of the economy; another and more recent strand is education for experience in order to sustain or console that work-force as it faces the inimical effects of industrial society. The third strand, the liberal education tradition, is older but continuous in our educational history. It is not easy to persuade readers that there is anything continuous in the face of the changes and upheavals of the last thirty years, but I believe that, weak, ebbing and unconfident though it is, the tradition is still alive. My own experience in training teachers for the state school system is that there is no shortage of men and women educated in a liberal tradition (albeit under various disguises) but usually they are low in morale because they are unsure why it is a good thing to teach in that tradition. In recent years some have been trained to defend it on narrowly rational or unconvincing grounds. The time has come for some renewal of confidence by public discussion of the values of the tradition. As one attempt to start such a discussion I am here making out an argument that the tradition is based on social responsibility. At least while a tradition is being discussed we shall not let it die by default. I believe that, unless we do something about it, the outcome could be as serious as extinction. There is an immediate problem of definition. Perhaps the very term 'liberal' has now such an accretion of meaning and example that it is wiser to discard it. Inevitably a term which has been in use for centuries has assumed many forms more or less appropriate to the society in which it has been used. For the sake of argument let us retain the term in this article, so that I can begin to define what I am talking about. In the first place the tradition is not (and never was) a set of subjects, although there are some modes of thought that persist through generations. As important as the subject is the attitude of the teacher to the material being taught and to his pupil. My definition must therefore be more in terms of attitude than of content. So often the tradition has been defined by negatives, as Professor Hirst points out [i], that I cannot wholly avoid that trap, but for the sake of indicating the tenor of what follows I suggest the features of the tradition are:


We have calculated a series of models of outflows from the obscuring torus in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our modeling assumes that the inner face of a rotationally supported torus is illuminated and heated by the intense X-rays from the inner accretion disk and black hole. As a result of such heating a strong biconical outflow is observed in our simulations. We calculate 3-dimensional hydrodynamical models, assuming axial symmetry, and including the effects of X-ray heating, ionization, and radiation pressure. We discuss the behavior of a large family of these models, their velocity fields, mass fluxes and temperature, as functions of the torus properties and X-ray flux. Synthetic warm absorber spectra are calculated, assuming pure absorption, for sample models at various inclination angles and observing times. We show that these models have mass fluxes and flow speeds which are comparable to those which have been inferred from observations of Seyfert 1 warm absorbers, and that they can produce rich absorption line spectra.


The binary phase diagram ot Ti Si and the properties of the intermetallic Ti5Si3 compound were studies. It is shown that the eutectic metallic ceramics of Ti Si is a new material which has good castability and mechanical properties. The recent status of research on Ti Si alloy were summarised.


Ten commercial standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts were examined for flavonol glycoside and terpene lactone content. All samples arrived with certificates of analysis stating that the extracts were standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and that they contained a minimum of 24% total flavonol glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Samples were analyzed for total flavonol glycosides using a method involving acid hydrolysis and subsequent quantification of the flavonol aglycones by HPLC coupled with UV diode array absorbance detection. Analysis of intact flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones was accomplished using HPLC coupled with UV diode array detection and electrospray mass spectrometric detection. Of the ten standardized extracts eight samples provided chromatograms and chemical values characteristic of previously published analyses of ginkgo leaf extracts. One sample provided analyses that suggested that the extract had been adulterated with rutin in order to elevate total flavonol glycoside levels. Another sample indicated that it was not an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf at all. Adulteration with rutin was not strongly evident when the acid hydrolysis method was used to analyze the sample for total flavonol glycosides. However, this particular adulteration was easily evident when analyzing the samples for characteristic intact flavonol glycosides. This work demonstrates the need for extensive quality control analyses for herbal products and that the analysis of intact characteristic compounds provides a reliable method for detecting adulteration.


Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)have received more and more attention  on the object tracking system,but the performance of active routing is low.In this paper,we present an novel energy efficient dynamic target tracking (EE-DTT) protocol for wireless sensor network, EE-DTT has three obvious features: Firstly, it improves virtual grid ideas to divide each cluster  into M×N square area and  select a working node in each grid to reduce redundant information  and  economize energy. Secondly, EE-DTT improves energy utility by changing the activity of wireless communication module of sensor nodes, energy model and state transition of sensor nodes.last,it adopts initiative optimization method to optimize routing.Simulation results show that,compared  with AODV and TSR, EE-DTT significantly  reduce in energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.


This paper presents research documenting the local damage progression in rectangular concrete -filled steel tube beam -columns and connections in composite frames. Local damage is quantified through the development of damage indices based upon r esults of worldwide experiments. A fiber -based finite element formulation is also introduced for assessing global capacity and seismic demand .


A new cave-dwelling bent-toed gecko, Cyrtodactylus lomyenensis sp. nov. is described from a karst forest in Gnommalath District, Khammouane Province, southern Laos. It differs from all other species of Indochinese-Thai Cyrtodactylus in the following combination of characters: maximum SVL of at least 71.2 mm; head dorsum yellowish with irregular brown blotches; presence of a brown nuchal loop reaching the posterior edge of the orbit; four narrow yellowish-cream transversal bands with irregular anterior and posterior black edges on a brown background between limb insertions; no precloacal groove; 39-40 precloacal-femoral pores in males, arranged in a continuous row; females with 32 precloacal-femoral pores in a continuous row, smaller than those of males; five postanal tubercles on each side; 16-18 subdigital lamellae on first toe; 19-23 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; no tubercles on tail dorsum; and a median row of enlarged subcaudal scales.


The CMS Level-1 Trigger at HL-LHC and associated upstream systems employ more than 10000 25 Gb/s optical links, transferring almost a Pb/s of data synchronously between the different back-end processing nodes. Stable operation of these links is essential to avoid the injection of erroneous signals into the trigger path, potentially leading to a flood of false triggers or data loss. The Hermes protocol, implemented on Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs, provides this stability while operating at asynchronous, industry standard line rates. The protocol design as well as results on the performance from extensive testing are presented here.


It is incumbent upon clinicians and researchers working with older aphasic individuals to be knowledgeable about factors that may influence age-related cognitive performance and the ability of older subjects to acquire new knowledge. Adult learning theories postulate the constructs of fluid and crystallized intelligence in regulating new learning. Evidence suggests that these forms of intelligence are differentially influenced by age and experience. Incorporating aspects of adult learning theory into clinical and investigative protocols with older aphasic adults may lead to a more thorough understanding of the disorder and more effective and efficient treatment protocols.


The invention discloses a processing method of goose. The processing method comprises the steps of slaughtering and dividing (integrally removing impurities) the wild goose, soaking and cooking the wild goose in marinade prepared from radix angelicae, camellia japonica, cassiabarktree fruit, galangal, jiaozi (Chinese character), liquorice, xiaoshang (Chinese character), Chinese yam, pericarpium citri reticulatae, momordica grosvenori, rhizoma zingiberis, cinnamon, anise, angelica sinensis, grass nut and murraya paniculata, and then smoking in steam generated by syrup to form the product. According to the process, the nutritional ingredients of goose are integrated, and pigment is not contained, so that the finished goose is good in color, smell and taste, and peculiar in mouthfeel, and simple and convenient in technique, and accords with modern nutritional, nourishing and health-care requirements.


This paper tries to solve the problem on existing supply chain management. The paper puts forward a novel information collection system that based on RFID technology. The paper discusses that how to build this system by bottom up mode. Also the paper describes that how to use the system on supply chain management and the change that bring from by using it. In the end it deeply analyses the advantages of this newly information collection system.


Clinical assessment of life quality in the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had been made after treatment conducted using fetal stem cells (FSCs). The study results confirmed signs of complications related to the disease course among all patients of the main group (MG) and the control group (CG). Higher life quality was recorded among the patients suffering from DM when, alongside the standard medicinal therapy, they had been administered suspended FSCs. The main features of life quality improvement among the patients were less marked lesions over the skin, decreased complaints at the site of digestive systemas well as their concerns related to cardiovascular functions; blood circulation in the lower extremities improved and sensitivity through peripheral regions was somewhat enhanced too. FSCs preparations also revealed positive effects on sleep and psychological state among the treated patients. In addition, better sexual function in males suffering from DM was remarkable as well. Improvement of life quality in the MG patients contributed to proofs with conclusions on particularly high efficiency of FSCs suspensions in complex treatment of the patients suffering from DM.


In a study published in the journal iScience, the team demonstrates that subtle epileptic activity encourages abnormal brain inflammation in mouse models simulating key aspects of Alzheimer's disease. The scientists show that multiple known players in Alzheimer's disease fit into this intriguing link between the nervous system and the immune system, including the protein tau, often misfolded and aggregated in diseased brains, and TREM2, a genetic risk factor for the disease.


The subject of this dissertation is to purpose, how to improve the publicity of products of the firm Tefi-Tex, s.r.o. with use the direct marketing.


Device for controlling the porosity of a helical, flexible, sound-absorbing, air-conducting tube; the present patent relates to a device comprised of a variable-width, non-porous film strip (2) helically arranged in a discontinued manner between the external layer or lining (1), formed of a helical strip of porous material (1-A) and the inner, cylindrical layer or lining (3), formed of a helical strip of porous material (3A0 of a flexible, cylindrical tube, the film strip (2) being intended to control the porous strips (5) of the tube wall and determining, by reason of the width of said film strip (2), a non porous strip (4) on the tube wall, with a consequent control of the acoustic attenuation.


almost two years Hiram Haydn and I tried to make arrangements for me to interview him about his fiction. Unlike most other people, I first knew of him as a fiction writer rather than as an editor. I think that fact may have been one reason why we got along so well. John Wideman, for whom Mr. Haydn was an editor at Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, suggested that if I were truly interested in "innovative" fiction, I should look at Hiram Haydn's Report from the Red Windmill (1967). I did and was very much impressed by it. I liked it so much that I wrote and told him so. That began a correspondence which flourished on and off for the next two years. In the meantime I read his other novels: By Nature Free (1943), Manhattan Furlough (1945), The Time Is Noon (1948) and The Hands of Esau (1962). Somewhat later I looked into The Counter-Renaissance (1950) and found it a remarkable and startling interpretation of a period of literature and thought, which, until then, I had felt I understood. It was also an indispensable introduction to Mr. Haydn's fiction. We finally agreed to meet over the Thanksgiving weekend of 1973. I asked him to find me an inn on Martha's Vineyard that resembled the hotel in Separate Tables. He wrote back that he had found just the place David Niven would stay were he to


An item of special interest that recently came to the University of Illinois Li brary with the late Lloyd Francis Nickell's Carlten Lodge Library of eighteenth century books is a copy of the first edition of Johnson's London (1738) carrying readings in two of its five sheets that have not as yet been reported. Its ten leaves in folio are bound in backed marbled-paper boards, and the piece collates thus: [A]1 B-E2 [F]1 (=[A2]). At two places in the text and two in the notes to the poem the Nickell copy varies from four other copies that I have examined—the Harold Murdock copy at Harvard, the Chauncey B. Tinker copy at Yale, the R. B. Adam copy belonging to Mrs. Donald F. Hyde,1 and a copy already at Illinois, in a binding of red morocco by Zaehnsdorf:


Summary Social problem-solving ability has previously been found to be an important coping mechanism in predicting distress reactions to stressful events in the general population. This article describes two studies that empirically evaluated the applicability of these findings to the psychooncology literature by assessing the relationship between distress and problem-solving in two different groups of cancer patients. In Study 1, 105 patients with recently diagnosed cancer completed inventories addressing social problem-solving, symptoms of distress, and cancer-specific problems. The results indicated that the patients who were less effective problem-solvers also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression as well as more cancer-related problems. Study 2 involved 64 women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer between 1 and 13.3 years earlier. A self-report of negative life events served to control for the effects of recent Stressors. The results of this study indicated that less problem-solvin...


Due to continual scaling of CMOS device dimensions, the dielectric spacing between poly gate (PG) and contact to substrate (Con) has been drastically reduced. This reduction in gate to substrate contact spacing has challenged the dielectric breakdown between poly gate and substrate contact. Several studies involving the breakdown of dielectric between gate and substrate contact have been reported in the past. In this paper, we report the elimination of poly gate to substrate contact shorts on 90 nm Non-Volatile Memory technology with the help of process optimizations in pre-metal dielectric stack. This led to a significant improvement in wafer level reliability metric to the tune of ~1.7X.


In this article we explore the implications for young people's life opportunities of rising levels of qualifications in England, drawing on a range of sources, including the OECD's 2014 Survey and Adult Skills (SAS) and the UK Labour Force Survey. We find that increasing rates of participation in post 16 education and training in England has led to a substantial rise in qualification levels for the current generation of youth compared their parents' generation. More inclusive participation has also narrowed inequalities in qualification outcomes and slightly reduced the social gaps in attainment of qualifications, at least at the upper secondary level. However, the gains in educational opportunities for young people are to some extent illusory. Improvements in the skills we can measure, like literacy and numeracy, have not kept pace with increasing qualifications rates, and inequalities in skills have reduced much less than those in qualifications, if at all. This suggests that much of rise in qualifications is indeed a question of credential inflation and yields few benefits to young people today in terms of future life prospects. Indeed our analysis of the occupational destinations of people qualified at different levels suggests a steady erosion of the value of qualifications of all levels on the labour market. At the same time career opportunities for young women have generally improved and, arguably, for most young people there is a sense that they are freer to aspire then was the case for their parents.


This paper presents a 32-element phased-array architecture suitable for fifth-generation (5G) communication links. A 28–32 GHz silicon core chip is designed with 4 transmit/receive elements each with 14 dB gain control, 6-bit phase control, 4.6 dB measured noise figure (NF) in the RX mode and 10 dBm output 1 dB compression point (OP1dB) in the TX mode. Eight of these chips are flipped on a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) with integrated antennas and Wilkinson combiners. The 32-element array has a measured EIRP of 41 dBm at P1dB, can scan to ±20° and ±50° in E- and H-planes, and comsumes 4.2 W and 6.4 W in RX and TX modes, respectively. The array is used in a 300 meter wireless link and achieves a data rate of 1.0–1.6 Gbps at 16-QAM for all scan angles with <12% EVM. To our knowledge, this represents state-of-the art in 28 GHz phased-arrays in terms of chip performance and integration level.


Teachers of courses and programs in organization development can benefit greatly from taking a developmental approach to the teaching process. By a developmental approach, I mean one which emphasizes understanding and managing the changes that take place in students' thinking, feeling, and perceiving and in their interactions with others as they master their subject matter. Such an approach is especially germane to teaching OD, because becoming an OD


The reactions of metalated trans-1,3-dithiolane 1,3-dioxide (10) with aldehydes have been studied through variations in the metal counterion, reaction temperature, and aldehyde. High yields of addu...


The purpose of this research is to determine the share of personality characteristics in anticipation of perfectionism among the students of Shahrekord's university of medical sciences during 2013-14. The present research is of correlative type based on the assumption of descriptive researches. For data collection, two questionnaires of Neo five-factor model and perfectionism by Hill were used. The population of the research includes the entire students of Shahrekord's university of medical sciences among which a number of 190 individuals were selected as the sample. For the purpose of data analysis, the parametric statistical tests of Regression and Kolmogorov-Smirnoff were used. Results indicated that positive perfectionism is anticipatable based on personality characteristics of students of Shahrekord's university of medical sciences and also negative perfectionism is anticipatable based on personality characteristics of students of Shahrekord's university of medical sciences.


Pregnancy is a gift to be grateful for, but pregnancy is a condition of a person who is very vulnerable to a disease, psychology because during pregnancy there are many changes in the mother due to hormonal influences so that it requires the attention of both the family and health workers who are entitled to provide services. This study aims to find out how the role of midwives in counseling in the implementation of integrated Antenatal Care (ANC) at the puskesmas. The design of this study was qualitative with observations and interviews. that the age of the majority of respondents aged between 40-50 years amounted to 71.43%, Education Most had DIV education 42.86% Length of work Most of the years worked between 26-35 years amounted to 42.86%. but still done by the midwife. The conclusion is not all midwives provide counseling to pregnant women during integrated ANC services.


This paper aims to present an analyze about the novel Outros Cantos (2016), by Maria Valéria Rezende, from the auto fiction concept, a term coined by the French writer Serge Doubrosky, in 1977, in reference to his novel Fils. From report of the character –narrator Maria about her lived experience in the Olho D'Água backwood, we enter in to her memories and on her steps all over the world, places that have left deeply marks on her essence. Because it deals with real life experiences lived by the author, reported by her in some interviews, and borrowed to the characters, the literary work coincide with the auto fiction characteristics. Therefore, this paper is based on the theory studies from Zolin (2009), Lejeune (2008), Bergson (1999), Remédios (1997), Figueiredo (2013) e Perrone-Moisés (2016) and others. Entradas para indexação PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura. Autoficção. Memória.


This paper proposes the design of switched reluctance motor (SRM) to obtain high motor efficiency. The first step of design makes the principle improving motor efficiency clear. The cross sections and axial shapes of rotor and stator cores are designed by using the magnetic field analysis with 2D and 3D finite element methods. The designed SRM is produced experimentally, and is tested to certify the performance.


For the commissioning or selection of objects or articles from shelves 1 of a warehouse there is arranged in an aisle (4) located between storage racks (1A, 1B) a conveyor belt 5 the frame of which is capable of being displaced vertically on guide members 6 by means of a lift system (7). On frame rails 10 of the conveyor belt 5 there is arranged a longitudinally displaceable commissioning truck 11 which for the purpose of withdrawing objects to order can be moved to each pallet arranged in the shelving in the vertical direction by the lift system and horizontally on the conveyor belt frame rails 10. This arrangement minimises the masses that have to be moved and allows a lightweight construction. A chute 13 allows an operative to deposit selected objects onto the conveyor belt 5.


Resilient silicone-matrix composites containing 7–13 volume percent nickel filaments (0.4 μm diameter) exhibited 74–93 dB electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness at 1–2 GHz and 1 × 10−1 – 2 × 10−2 Ω cm DC volume electrical resistivity. The high shielding effectiveness is due to the small diameter of the nickel filaments. The composites are useful for EMI shielding gaskets and cable jackets.


Most of the studies about ion exchange membrane (IEM) have been focused on the analysis of commercial IEM, material engineering on the tailor-made membrane, and system engineering related to the IEM applications. However, the structural engineering of IEM is quite effective to improve drastically IEM properties because the structure can affect the movement and hindrance of ion in the membrane body. It is worth taking this opportunity to recall the need for IEM structural studies. As one idea of structural engineering research, an IEM that simulates the concrete structure of a building can be very effective to overcome the limitation of conventional IEMs.


This paper presents the study of the features of domain boundaries dynamics based on the macroscopic approach. In addition, a methodology for the calculation of domain boundary stiffness coefficient due to its importance among the relaxation parameters of magnetic and electric ordered systems is included in the study.
The proposed algorithm allows the calculation of stiffness coefficients of domain boundaries (DB) in ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelectromagnetic materials in linear and weakly nonlinear DB displacement areas caused by an external force. The external force is identified as the difference in the densities of magnetoelastic (electroelastic) energies of crystals for domains separated by the DB. It is related to the difference of their energies because each domain has its own orientation of spontaneous magnetization IS and polarization PS vectors at the same equal values of external stress components σij. The desired stiffness coefficients of the DB are calculated as the second derivatives of magnetoelastic (electroelastic) subsystem energies with respect to DB displacements. The stiffness coefficients of the first k1 and the second k2 order of smallness are obtained in a similar way using cubic and biquadratic components of energies in terms of DB displacements, i.e. relative deformation of crystals.


Using the diffusion-segregation equation, modeling and simulations of gettering Au (a substi-tutional-interstitial species in Si) away from the Si bulk have been performed. Three external gettering schemes have been considered: wafer frontside P indiffusion gettering, wafer backside Al deposition gettering, and a combination of the two processes. Under the same processing conditions, it has been shown that P indiffusion gettering is faster than Al gettering, but P gettering has a lower gettering capacity and is less stable than Al gettering for longer gettering times. The combined P and Al gettering process is as fast as P gettering in reaching an optimum gettered state, and possesses the capacity and stability of the Al gettering process.


As semiconductor process technology moves down below 90nm and 65nm, 193nm CPL (Chromeless Phase Lithography) technology becomes an important lithography strategy for process improvement on critical layers. In addition to the demand for very tight mask CD control, for a dry-etched process, there are two critical factors that can have significant impact on wafer CD control and window performance. They are etch-depth control (phase) through feature pitch and overall etching slope profile. Both affect image quality and the final overlapped process window. In this paper, we will study the effect of a 3D topology mask on the process window and wafer CD by making special 193nm CPL masks and printing them on 300mm wafers under a production-manufacturing environment. These masks had been specially designed with different sidewall angles and different etch depths (phase). There are 4 different quartz etch depths and 3 different sidewall angles for specially designed test patterns that are compatible with the 65nm technology node. They are printed on 300mm wafers by using a high NA ASML 193nm scanner and high contrast resist. In order to establish more effective specifications of phase and profile control on 193nm CPL between mask shops and wafer fabs, all AFM, wafer CD, and simulation results will be compared and correlated. By comparing the wafer CD and pattern profile on through focus conditions, we can understand the impact of phase and 3D mask profile on process performance.