Study of the composition of the aqueous humour, re-formed after paracentesis of the anterior chamber, is of value as an approach to the problem of the genesis of the fluid under various conditions. It is generally agreed that the new aqueous, formed after paracentesis, is more plasma-like in character than the normal fluid, in particular with regard to its protein content. It is not clear, however, to what degree the vitreous body may contribute to re-formation of the aqueous humour under these conditions. Abelsdorff & Wessely (1909) suggested that the vitreous of birds participated in the reconstitution of the aqueous humour. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber in the rabbit resulted in the formation of an aqueous richer than the normal in pyruvic and lactic acids (De Vincentiis, 1953). Since the concentrations of pyruvic and lactic acids in plasma and endocular fluids are normally in the order: vitreous > aqueous > plasma, it would be expected that these metabolites would be diminished in concentration in the newly formed fluid if the fluid originated largely from the plasma. A decided increase, however, was observed, leading to the conclusion that the vitreous body is an important source of the reformed aqueous. An extension of these studies is reported in the present communication; it was of interest to determine the effect of paracentesis on the penetration into the anterior chamber of radioactive phosphorus introduced into the vitreous body.


Several ontologies covering the same domain or overlapping domains have been independently built of each others. They are often a source of heterogeneity. In order to make them interoperable, the semantic links between their entities must be established. This task is called 'ontologies alignment'. However, the proposed alignment methods meet the challenge of 'scaling up'. To take up this challenge, we propose an alignment method with partitioning. This method consists of partitioning each ontology into blocks around the anchors. In the alignment step, each block of the first ontology is aligned with one block of the second one. The results obtained in the evaluation of our method on selected ontologies show its efficiency.


In genetic association studies with densely typed genetic markers, it is often of substantial interest to examine not only the primary phenotype but also the secondary traits for their association with the genetic markers. For more efficient sample ascertainment of the primary phenotype, a case–control design or its variants, such as the extreme‐value sampling design for a quantitative trait, are often adopted. The secondary trait analysis without correcting for the sample ascertainment may yield a biased association estimator. We propose a new method aiming at correcting the potential bias due to the inadequate adjustment of the sample ascertainment. The method yields explicit correction formulas that can be used to both screen the genetic markers and rapidly evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the assumed baseline case‐prevalence rate in the population. Simulation studies demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the more computationally intensive approaches, such as the compensator approaches and the maximum prospective likelihood approach. We illustrate the application of the approach by analysis of the genetic association of prostate specific antigen in a case–control study of prostate cancer in the African American population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Indie game developers represent a considerable amount of human resource from the
entertainment industry. While big companies, composed of dozens or even hundreds of
developers have well-established processes for managing innovation processes, small teams
lack from it. This paper proposes a methodology to retain knowledge obtained from the task
executions, allowing a more detailed post-mortem analysis while also enhancing the task
management at both personal and managerial level. The idea is to mitigate the downsides of
the data outage caused by the use of agile methods in indie game companies.


Transcatheter valve implantations like TAVI and MitraClip implantations are becoming more important treatment options in patients with heart failure who cannot undergo an operation or for whom the operations risk for conventional surgical therapies is considered too high. The PARTNER trial provided evidence that transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) give a significant survival benefit in patients who are not surgical candidates and give comparable results in patients with high operative risk, compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). In recent years the number of TAVI procedures has increased at a high rate. At the moment over 50,000 TAVI procedures have been performed. Due to the success of TAVI, there tends to be a shift towards performing TAVI in lower-risk categories, despite the fact that there is a complete lack of evidence about these groups. Although TAVI gives a significant survival benefit in the previously-described groups, the mortality rates at 1 year are still high. – 4 It is therefore important carefully to select patients who will benefit from the procedure, and even more important to identify those patients who will not benefit from TAVI.


IQs obtained on a group intelligence test (Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test) were compared with those obtained on an individual intelligence test (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) for 20 disturbed children. While the correlation between the scores was .81, the mean IQs were significantly different (93 vs 108), group test tending to give much lower IQs.


Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of an electric field. Presently this phenomenon of electrokinetics is widely used in biotechnology for the separation of proteins, sequencing of polypeptide chains etc. The separation efficiency of these biomolecules is affected by their aggregation. Thus it is important to study the interaction forces between the molecules. In this study we calculate the electrophoretic motion of a pair of colloidal particles under axial electric field. The hydrodynamic and electric double layer (EDL) interaction forces are calculated numerically. The EDL interaction force is calculated from electric field distribution around the particle using Maxwell stress tensor and the hydrodynamic force is calculated from the flow field obtained from the solution of Stokes equations. The continuous forcing approach of immersed boundary method is used to obtain flow field around the moving particles. The EDL distribution around the particles is obtained by solving Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations on a hybrid grid system. The EDL interaction force calculated from numerical solution is compared with the one obtained from surface element integration (SEI) method.© 2009 ASME


This letter reports the first growth of (100) CdTe‐CdMnTe superlattices. In the past (111) superlattices of CdTe‐CdMnTe were grown on (100) GaAs substrates. To consistently achieve the desired (100) epitaxy, three different growth techniques are described. Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction is used to observe the initial nucleation of the (100) CdTe film, while transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the nature of the interface between the epitaxial film and the substrate. The optical properties of these superlattices show interesting differences with the (111) superlattices.


A 40 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a divide-by-64/64.5/65/65.5 fractional multi-modulus divider (MMD) is presented. A second-order 24-bit delta-sigma modulator is used to modulate the fractional MMD. This fractional MMD provides a half division step of a conventional integer MMD. Therefore, a better frequency resolution can be obtained. This frequency synthesizer has been fabricated in a 0.13 um CMOS process. The measured fractional spur is below -50dB. The measured phase noise is -75.3 dBc/Hz and -93.24 dBc/Hz at 1MHz and 3 MHz offset, respectively. The die area is 1.34 x 1.26 mm2 and the power dissipation is 105 mW from the supply of 1.5 V.


This paper examines the impact of several educational campaigns on bicycle helmet use, reviews the early experience two programmes have had with introducing helmet laws, and discusses their experience in the context of reducing bicycle-related injuries. Education is usually the first approach adopted to encourage the use of helmets. School-based educational programmes have several advantages, because they reach children who are likely to become cyclists, allow targeting of messages to different age groups, and have a captive audience. Some governments provide subsidies for buying helmets. The most common and successful campaigns to promote helmet use combine publicity, education, and helmet distribution strategies. Some countries or parts of countries, including Australia, New Zealand, several US states, and Ontario, Canada, have passed, or are considering, laws that require cyclists to wear helmets. The paper reviews the experience of helmet laws in Victoria, Australia and Maryland, USA, and discusses its implications for the future of helmet laws. It finally examines what behavioural, biomechanical, and operational research is needed, to support further efforts to reduce head injuries among cyclists.


Although ultraviolet (UV) is not visible, it has many uses, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) producing such light from 'near' ultraviolet (400–300nm) to 'deep' ultraviolet (300–200nm) wavelengths are the subjects of much research. UV-LEDs are seen as being useful for spectroscopy, photopolymer curing, water/air purification, medical and biological disinfection, biochemical detection, non-line-of-sight communication, and special lighting. Also, some schemes for white light using phosphors are powered by near-UV in LED or laser diode systems. Some of these applications need deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelengths. In the DUV range, competing mercury-lamp systems have drawbacks such as fragility and bulk, along with short lifetime and low efficiency. And, of course, mercury is highly toxic. Shorter wavelengths are more effective in damaging or killing biological systems — for example, ~250nm is needed to break up DNA. As wavelengths push into the DUV 200–300nm wavelength range, efficiency becomes particularly low, of the order a few percent. Sapphire is the preferred substrate, but suffers from lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch with the active lightemitting aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) semiconductor material that introduces strain/stress, generating efficiency-killing defects. Here we look at recent reports attempting to improve the performance of near-UV and deep-UV LEDs. Reflecting on chromium/aluminium n-electrode Researchers in China have been applying reflective n-type electrode metal structures to boost light extraction in 280nm-wavelength DUV-LEDs [Yang Gao et al, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, published online 21 May 2019]. The work by Huazhong University of Science and Technology and University of Science and Technology of China used a chromium/aluminium (Cr/Al) combination to enhance reflection of the electrodes on the n-type AlGaN contact layer of the LEDs. While the chromium absorbs DUV radiation, aluminium is highly reflective. The researchers explain the need for chromium in the electrode: "If we only adopt the Al layer as the n-type electrode, it is almost impossible to form an ohmic contact with the Al-rich n-AlGaN. Therefore, a Cr metal layer must be introduced before the deposition of the Mike Cooke reports on recent research to improve photon extraction and material quality in deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. Boosting near-UV and deep-UV performance of light-emitting diodes


An azo-functionalized porous organic framework (denoted as JJU-1) was synthesized via FeCl3-promoted oxidative coupling polymerization. By virtue of a porous skeleton and a light/heat responsive azo functional group, this task-specific JJU-1 displays a reversible stimuli-responsive adsorption property triggered by UV irradiation and heat treatment. The initial Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area of this porous material is 467 m2 g–1. The CO2 sorption isotherms exhibit a slight decrease after UV irradiation because of the trans to cis conversion of the azo functional skeleton. It is worth mentioning that the responsive CO2 adsorption performance can be recycled for three cycles via alternating external stimuli, confirming the excellently reversible switchability of trans-to-cis isomerization and controllable CO2 adsorption.


A green synthesis approach is reported for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using the leaf extract of Coreopsis lanceolata. The synthesized GNPs were effectively utilized in the detection of aflatoxins at low concentrations based on the metal enhanced fluorescence principle. The structural characteristics of the GNPs were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and spectrofluorimetry. Bioreduction of auric chloride by C. lanceolata leaf extract resulted in the synthesis of spherical, homogenous GNPs. Further GNPs were conjugated with anti-aflatoxin antibodies and aflatoxin B1 to study the metal enhanced charge transfer between the nanoparticles and aflatoxins, which can be effectively utilized in the detection of aflatoxins at very low concentrations. The studies showed up to a 10-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of aflatoxin B1 at picogram levels. Linearity was found to be in the range of 10 picogram to 500 picogram with a regression coefficient R2 = 0.970. The limit of detection was found to be 5 picogram. Thus the fluorescent GNPs synthesized by this green route can be effectively used in the detection of aflatoxins at sub-nanogram levels by utilizing the metal enhanced fluorescence principle.


The Certain Confession The story and the figure of the main character were invented for the purpose of the narration which was to show a certain mechanism of transferring the potential both life and creative similar to the physical transfer of thermal energy present in the phenomenon of heat conduction. It is a known fact that John Paul II in St. Peter's Basilica personally confessed the faithful on Good Friday, and the penitents were random. John Paul II's statements in the text are taken from Pieśń o Bogu ukrytym ( The Song of the Hidden God ) as well as Pieśń o słońcu niewyczerpanym ( The Song of the Infinite Sun ), and the reflections of the main character in the Sistine Chapel are taken from Tryptyk Rzymski ( The Roman Triptych ).


A highly efficient broad spectrum responsive Bi/BiOBr:Yb,Er/C ternary composite was synthesized by a simple one-pot combustion method using nitrates and citric acid as raw materials. Experimental results show that Er3+/Yb3+ were successfully doped into BiOBr lattice, and metallic Bi nanoparticles and carbon species were formed simultaneously. Compared with pure BiOBr and Bi/BiOBr/C, as-synthesized Bi/BiOBr:Yb,Er/C ternary photocatalyst is highly responsive in the UV-visible-NIR range, and possesses the best photodegradation performance for Rhodamine B, phenol, and imidacloprid under visible, NIR, or solar light irradiation, which can be attributed to the synergetic effects of surface plasma resonance of metallic Bi, up-conversion transition of Er3+ and heterojunctions (Bi/BiOBr, Bi/C, and BiOBr/C). Moreover, a plausible mechanism was given, the main active species, and photostability of samples were studied. The solar light photoactivity and influences of pH value and anions (Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, HCO3−, and NO3−) were also investigated. This study highlights the advantages of synergetic effects of SPR, up-conversion and heterojunctions, which provides a useful guide toward the rational design of broad spectrum (UV-visible-near infrared) photocatalysts.


A kinetic investigation is presented of energy pooling arising from self-annihilation of the optically metastable state, Sr[5s5p(3PJ)], generated by pulsed dye-laser excitation of strontium vapour at λ= 689.3 nm {Sr[5s5p(3P1)]â†� Sr[5s2(1S0)]} at elevated temperature in the presence of excess helium buffer gas. Time-resolved emission was observed for a number of energy-pooled states, namely, Sr[5s5p(1P1)], Sr[5s6s(3S1)], Sr[4d5p(3F2, 3, 4)], Sr[4d5p(1D2)], Sr[5s6p(3P1, 2)], Sr[5s5d(3D2)] and Sr[5p2(3P2)]. This includes characterisation of the time profiles from specific spin–orbit states and significantly extends the range of atomic pooled states reported hitherto derived from the 5s5p(3PJ) energy store. Following rapid energy pooling, the profiles of the 'pool' and 'store' states are shown to be exponential in character and the first-order decay coefficients are found to be in the ratio of 2 ∶ 1 within experimental error. Further, using the appropriate sensitivity calibration of the optical system, the variation of the ratio of the integrated atomic emission intensities of the energy pooled states to that of the energy store itself were found to be linear and in accord with a mechanism for energy pooling in each case arising from 3PJ+3PJ self-annihilation. The normalised, integrated emission intensities of the energy-pooled states which involved population via endothermic processes from Sr(3PJ)+ Sr(3PJ) were determined and used to calculate the relative distributions of the energy-pooled states on collision. These were plotted semi-logarithmically as a function of the electronic state energy of the appropriate state and yielded a Boltzmann temperature higher than the ambient temperature employed, reflecting the role of atomic collisions with high kinetic energies on energy pooling.


There are studies reporting that cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death might be seen in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Besides, cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death may be observed in volatile substance abuse.
We report a patient with volatile substance abuse, who had bradycardia and syncope arised with the initiation of risperidone treatment. The patient was male, aged 15 years and 8 months, had started to snuff adhesive almost daily for the last two months. He was referred with complaints of uneasiness, anxiety, andtalking to himself. He had isolated himself socially at recent times. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), diagnosis of "volatile substance abuse" and "major depressive disorder with psychotic characteristics" was established and 1.5 mg/day risperidone treatment was initiated. At the follow-up visit one week later, chest pain and frequent syncope attacks were observed. Sinusal bradycardia was detected in his ECG (Electrocardiogram). Upon discontinuation of risperidone, syncope attacks disappeared and ECG became normal.
When antipsychotic use is required in a person abusing volatile substances, cardiac adverse effects must be taken into consideration. In the presence of any previous antipsychotic use with cardiac adverse effects in patients abusing volatile substance, follow-ups with ECG may be necessary, especially at the early phase of antipsychotic treatment.


In the near future, vehicles, travelers, and the infrastructure will collectively have billions of sensors that can communicate with each other. Transportation systems, due to their distributed/mobile nature, can become the ultimate test-bed for a ubiquitous (i.e., embedded, highly-distributed, and sensor-laden) computing environment of unprecedented scale. This environment will enable numerous novel applications and order of magnitude improvement of the performance of existing applications. Information technology is the foundation for implementing new strategies, particularly if they are to be made available in real-time to wireless devices in vehicles or in the hands of people. Contributing are increasingly more sophisticated geospatial and spatio-temporal information management capabilities. Human factors, technology adoption and use, user feedback and incentives for collaborative behavior are areas of technology policy central to the success of this ubiquitous computing environment.

The emerging discipline of Computational Transportation Science (the science behind Intelligent Transportation Systems) combines computer science and engineering with the modelling, planning, and economic aspects of transportation planning and engineering to leverage developments in the above domains. By taking advantage of ubiquitous computing, Computational Transportation Science applications can help create more efficient, equitable, livable and sustainable transportation systems and communities.

The seventh International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS) is particularly timely given the prominence of self-driving and connected vehicle technologies in the global auto industry's near-term growth strategies. We build upon the success of previous workshops to continue to focus on computation, knowledge discovery, and technology aspects of transportation systems while welcoming research papers in computer science, transportation science, urban and regional planning, the automotive arena, civil engineering, robotics, geography, geoinformatics, and other related disciplines.


This article aims to identify the strategies used federal the institutions of higher education (IFES) located in the north-northeast of Brazil and its effect on the General index of courses (IGC) developed by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). The methodology used consisted of a Survey among all the IFES 22 located in Northern and northeastern Brazil, evaluated by the IGC in the period between 2007 and 2011. The results show that the strategies that influenced the positioning of IFES evaluated in the IGC are scaling, monitoring of processes by means of indicators and information systems; the systematic assessment of faculty; systematic awareness of students with regard to the importance of National Examination performance of students (ENADE); the policy of support for the residence of students through scholarships; as well as the creation and excellent functioning of coordination of the MEETING (program support the restructuring plans and expansion of Federal Universities); as well as the Commission Own assessment CPA; logo should be considered in the planning of IFES. Keywords— Evaluation and regulation; University Management; College Ranking; Higher Education.


Resena: Longuenesse, Beatrice: I, Me, Mine: Back to Kant and Back Again . New York, Oxford University Press, 2017, 257 pp. ISBN: 978-0-19-966576-1


Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a kind of transparent nematode with the body length about 1 mm. C. elegans has been widely used in the field of modern biology for studying organs and cells, where a variety of physiological changes about the whole life of C. elegans are usually evaluated via human visual inspection. In order to facilitate the automatically quantitative evaluation with computer, the segmentation of C. elegans from microscopic image is a primary and significant task. In this paper, a method including image transformation, line thresholding and morphological operations is presented to segment the C. elegans from a microscopic image. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method and some future works are discussed.


Postal workers sorting mail in a railway carriage, circa 1939. Taken by an unidentified photographer.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).


Dimensioning of air conditioning plants for animal houses is traditionally based on steady-state conditions with constant animal heat and moisture production over a 24-hour cycle, despite the fact that the heat and moisture production varies diurnally. The heat production is normally highest in daytime and lowest during the night and therefore, there will be a discrepancy between the actual and the calculated indoor temperature and humidity, when using steady state models to control ventilation rate. This article deals with the two main factors influencing on the diurnal heat production, namely the animal activity and the digestion of food. In experiments carried out over three years in respiration chambers at Research Centre Foulum, Denmark, the diurnal influence of feeding and other behavioural activities have been analyzed for weaned pigs, growing pigs, dry sows and broilers. These experiments show that most of the diurnal variations in animal heat production can be explained by animal activity (R 2 between 0.58 and 0.89), for examined species but heat production due to digestion processes does also contribute. Because of coincidence between high animal activity and the feeding schedules, the animal heat production due to digestion is confounded with that caused by physical activity. By applying a model that takes into account both animal activity and the time after feeding for pigs fed twice a day, the correlation is improved (R 2 between 0.80 and 0.90). This model shows for growing pigs at 35, 65 and 90 kg, fed twice daily, that animal activity and digestion each can explain half of the animal heat production above basal heat production. For dry sows with low feed intake the impact of digestion on the heat production is negligible compared to the impact due to activity of the animals. The investigations also show that even under experimental conditions in climatic chambers, there is a typical diurnal variation in animal heat production. Expressed by a sinusoidal function, the diurnal variation in heat production (amplitude), measured in climatic chambers was in the range from 9 to 21%, which is lower than that found in other investigations for conventional animal houses with normal group size and human activities in the animal house during the daytime. The analysis shows that the measured animal heat production in the laboratory investigations was in fairly good agreement with the calculated total heat production according to CIGR Equations, with deviations from -6.3 to 6.8 % for fattening pigs and dry sows, but greater deviations were measured for piglets fed by an artificial sow and for broilers.


: This paper explores when the financial market lost the price formation function in prewar Japan in the sense of Fama's (1970) semi-strong form market efficiency using a new dataset. We particularly focus on the relationship between the prewar Japanese financial market and several government policy interventions to explore whether the semi-strong form market efficiency evolves over time. To capture the long-run impact of government policy interventions against the markets, we measure the time-varying joint degree of market efficiency and the time-varying impulse responses based on Ito et al.'s (2014; 2017) generalized least squares-based time-varying vector autoregressive model. The empirical results reveal that (1) the joint degree of market efficiency in the prewar Japanese financial market fluctuated over time because of external events such as policy changes and wars, (2) the semi-strong form EMH is almost supported in the prewar Japanese financial market, (3) Lo's (2004) adaptive market hypothesis is supported in the prewar Japanese financial market even if we consider that the public information affects the financial markets, and (4) the prewar Japanese financial markets lost the price formation function in 1932 and that was a turning point in the market.


This paper reports on a project that assessed the factors that impacted on whale watching visitors receiving a conservation message. By assessing visitor demographics, personal attributes and attitudes, the influence of the tour, and the whale interaction, ie the up close viewing, this research has the potential to inform improvement in ecotourism operations to advance ecotourism's aim of sustainability through conservation of the resource. Using a mixed methods research approach this study examined the role of the management agency (Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service). the tour operator and the tour guide, to understand what and how conservation messages, if any, were communicated to whalewatching visitors in Hervey Bay in the 2005 whale-watching season. Over fifteen hundred visitors completed surveys that assessed the messages they received and the factors that influenced these messages. Results indicated that many whale-watching visitors were already whale and conservation aware. Results showed that of those considered, only four factors were related to the visitor receiving a conservation message. Three of these were specifically influenced by the experience of the tour and through the communication and interaction of the tour guide with visitors on the boat The remaining factor was related to a visitor demographic-age.


A Phase I study of continuous intravenous administration of 4'-epidoxorubicin (4-ED) over 21 days was performed. The aim of this study from the nurse's point of view was to achieve optimal patient instruction to make continuous intravenous infusion via an Infuse- A-Port possible on an outpatient basis. The nurse explained the treatment to the patients. They were specifically taught how to dissolve the 4-ED and how to handle the pump. Once a week the patients were seen in the outpatient department; their performance state was then reassessed and the system changed. Patients knew they could call the staff day and night in case of problems. At the end of the study, 22 patients had entered and were given a total of 57 completed cycles over 1,197 infusion days. Serious complications due to the infusion (for example, septicemia) were not observed. The advantages of the procedure are that patients do not have to be admitted to the hospital for the infusion period, patients and their relatives are actively involved in the therapy, and patients are free to go where they wish. They are almost independent of the hospital. The nurse developed appropriate policies and procedures for the use of the pump, the mixing of the 4-ED, and an educational program for patients and their relatives.


A trial was conducted in the summer of 2000 to evaluate the effect of 4and 6-row freestall barns located in northwest Iowa on barn temperature, barn humidity, and respiration rates of lactating Holstein cows. Temperature, temperature-humidity index (THI), and respiration rates were greater in 6-row than 4-row freestall barns. Respiration rates were greater in 6-row versus 4-row buildings. The magnitude of difference in the temperature and THI variables may not explain the differences detected in respiration rates. It is possible that a relationship between animal density and social interaction could increase respirat ion rates when animal density is increased. It may also be possible that the level of mechanical ventilation required to keep cows comfortable in 6row barns may be greater.


In this paper, we have introduced new sets of fractional order orthogonal basis moments based on Fractional order Legendre orthogonal Functions (FLeFs) and Fractional order Laguerre orthogonal Functions (FLaFs) for image representation. We have generated a novel set of Fractional order Legendre orthogonal Moments (FLeMs) from fractional order Legendre orthogonal functions and a new set of Fractional order Laguerre orthogonal Moments (FLaMs) from the fractional order Laguerre orthogonal functions. The new presented sets of (FLeMs) and (FLaMs) are tested with the recently introduced Fractional order Chebyshev orthogonal Moments (FCMs). This edge detection filter can be used successfully in the gray level image and color images. The new sets of fractional moments are used to reconstruct the gray level image. The numerical results show FLeMs and FLaMs are promised techniques for image representation. The computational time of the proposed techniques is compared with the computational time of Chebyshev orthogonal Moments techniques and gives better results. Also, the fractional parameters give the flexibility of studying global features of the image at different positions of moments.


Achieving success is a highly critical issue for companies to survive, especially for Non-Bumiputera. The large projects in Malaysia construction industry continues to be developed by Non-Bumiputera organisations. In a competitive business environment, success was the ultimate goal of every business organisation. However, there were lacks of research highlighted on the level of success for Non-Bumiputera business organisation in Malaysia construction industry. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the achievement aspects for Non-Bumiputera business organisation in Malaysia construction industry. The objectives supported the aims were; to identify success factors of Non-Bumiputera organisations in Malaysia and to investigate the challenges in their business organisations. An extensive literature review was done to obtain the success factors of business organisations. Questionnaire surveys were distributed to know in depth the success factors and challenges occur in the Non-Bumiputera business organisations. A total of 20 surveys were distributed and 15 responses obtained from the top 20 property developers in 2020 taken from several business property websites and findings were analysed by using SPSS software. Findings revealed that the success factor in the organisation consists of four main criteria; management and organisation, communications, planning and financing. The issue that can be identified comprises of, but, not limited to registration process with the CIDB, financial constraints, risks and communication barriers. Since the construction industry is constantly changing with the development of new business approaches and technologies business organisations must therefore develop effective strategies to be more competitive in today's.


RDB2RDF mapping has been a hot topic in the Semantic Web research community. In order to standardize the mapping mechanism and then facilitate sharing and reuse of the mapping definitions, the W3C RDB2RDF Working Group published a general purpose RDB2RDF mapping language standard, R2RML, in September 2012. Several mapping tools or ongoing projects have been gradually supporting the R2RML standard. But they rarely write up and report the design and implementation techniques for the mapping algorithms. This paper presents the algorithm design of a prototype R2RML processor for materializing RDF view of relational data. Experimental tests on the effectiveness and the run-time efficiency of the algorithm were conducted with the W3C-defined R2RML mapping test cases. The experimental results show that the proposed RDB2RDF mapping approach is implementable with Java language, and the run-time of the algorithm exhibits a linear growth rate as the generated RDF triples size increases.


FDA approved once-daily tiotropium bromide and olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat, Boehringer Ingelheim) Inhalation Spray as a long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.


Michael Godby has over several decades published an extensive array of journal articles and curated exhibitions that have contributed significantly to the debates and discourses of South African art and photography. Battleground is a testament to Godby's fluent mastery of the history, discourses and art of colonial South Africa.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides an improved anode, and improved manufacturing method. The present invention, if more detail, for example when used in electro-galvanized steel strip, to provide a three-layer anode whose useful life has been improved. The anode in the embodiments of the present invention, with a roughness heat-treated and subsequently is constituted by a support of titanium coated with a first coating of iridium oxide / tantalum oxide. This anode, after the heat treatment, then preferably by electrodeposition process to coat the second coating of platinum. Finally, the anode, coated with a third coating of iridium oxide / tantalum oxide, followed by heat treatment.


State‐of‐the‐art methods for line drawing vectorization rely on generated frame fields for robust direction disambiguation, with each of the two axes aligning to different intersecting curve tangents around junctions. However, a common source of topological error for such methods are frame field singularities. To remedy this, we introduce the first frame field optimization framework guaranteed to produce singularity‐free fields aligned to a line drawing. We first perform a convex solve for a roughly‐aligned orthogonal frame field (cross field), and then comb away its internal singularities with an optimal transport–based matching. The resulting topology of the field is strictly maintained with the machinery of discrete trivial connections in a final, non‐convex optimization that allows non‐orthogonality of the field, improving smoothness and tangent alignment. Our frame fields can serve as a drop‐in replacement for frame field optimizations used in previous work, improving the quality of the final vectorizations.


I am writing this editorial at a time when many traditional forms of democracy are under great strain, where the many years of inequality encouraged globalisation have alienated people across the globe, from traditional working and middle-class families in developed countries through to groups left behind, ignored, or exploited in developing countries. Simple indices of growth are no more an accurate representation of the reality of the lives of many unemployed in declining industrial towns in the northern hemisphere than they are of small-scale farmers and urban slum dwellers in the developing world. Globalisation has started at the top elites of society, with wealth increasingly focused in fewer hands, as many current campaigns, such as Oxfam's advocacy on extreme inequality, are at pains to prove. Thus we have a globalised rich, who share tastes, consumption patterns, wealth, friends, and property. And we have an increasingly globalised poor, the result of an equalising downwards of wages as capital moves to the cheapest areas in which to work, whether the lowest taxed countries or those with the lowest wage rates. What we are now seeing is a political reaction to this. The protest vote is being channelled into the extreme right wing, and into populist rhetoric often aimed at outsiders (immigrants being the prime example). The demise of a great deal of the old left has meant that the right wing and fundamentalists of different hues have gathered up much of the protest vote, despite often being representative of the very people who caused the economic crisis in the first place. It is not clear what the implications of these trends will be for international development. We do know that some of the more liberal donors have already pulled back from many of their traditional development programmes, and re-channelled their funds into migration, security, trade support and other areas. So the nature of much official aid is already changing and may well change further as recession, a new populism, and a move to a certain xenophobic political character continues to emerge. Meanwhile, the BRICs, which were seen not so long ago as the new saviours of international development, face continued problems. There is little sign of resolution of the economic and political crisis in Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria, Russia and other emerging economies which seem to have belatedly suffered the effects of the global recession and fall in oil prices. In other countries we see a shrinking of space for civil society, or a stalling in the democratisation project. Development agencies are often desperately looking for new sources of funds from international foundations, or deals with large commercial firms, as well as local corporate social responsibility movements. This in itself will likely change the development discourse and the range of what constitute priority concerns, whilst old, yet still important areas of development activity and research will find themselves underfunded and losing support. However history evolves in the coming years, one thing that is certain is that the nature of both international aid as well as national development policies and programmes will be obliged to change, sometimes for the worse in terms of impacts on the poor, and hopefully for the better in cases where there is a realisation that continued increases in inequality and anti-democratic trends can only lead to more domestic and international conflict. Venkataramana Gajjala and Radhika Gajjala look at microfinance in Andhra Pradesh, India, an area beset with controversy over microfinance due to the high level of peasant farmer suicides. The study notes article many NGOs managing microcredit are changing themselves into semi-commercial entities. The article tries to understand whether improved financial literacy (via training or existing educational levels) mitigated against loan default. It concludes that the move from non-profit to for-profit non-banking finance companies has not been negative, as their interest rates are no


The results of the investigations into the symptoms and post-mortem changes in a sturgeon hybrid of Russian and Siberian species under experimental herpes viral infection are given in the article.


Luciferin Nucleotide Derivatives Satoshi IWANO, Satoshi KOJIMA, Takashi HIRANO, Shojiro MAKI, Haruki NIWA The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Firefly bioluminescence is an enzymatic reaction, which requires Mg, ATP, and O2. The mechanism of this bioluminescence is as follows; first, the luciferase catalyzes the adenylylation of the luciferin and then the oxygenation of the adenylylated luciferin, which makes an excited state oxyluciferin is generated and yellowgreen (560 nm) light is emitted (Figure 1). This high efficiency luminescent system is widely used in the field of life science.


Objective To evaluate the effect of scutellarin on platelet aggregation and activation,and to find out its underlying mechanisms.Methods Washed human platelets were preincubated with different concentrations of scutellarin(0.04,0.1,and 0.2mg/ml),and then stimulated with collagen(1μg/ml),U46619(0.3μM),ADP(10μM),thrombin(0.04U/ml).We studied the effect of scutellarin on platelet aggregation by comparing the difference of the platelet aggregation rate. We evaluated the effect of scutellarin on platelet combined with fibrinogen caused by U46619 through flow cytometer.Results Scutellarin dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP,thrombin,collagen and U46619.Scutellarin also inhibited U46619-enhanced platelet combining with fibrinogen.Conclusions Scutellarin can inhibit platelet aggregation and activation.It is likely that scutellarin can inhibit platelet activation via the blocking a particular intermediate step of thromboxane A2-induced platelet aggregation.


Title Differentiation in architecture and demographic properties across forest types and species in tropical lowland Kalimantan [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) Atikah, Tika Dewi Citation 北海道大学. 博士(環境科学) 甲第11350号 Issue Date 2014-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55479 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Tika_Dewi_Atikah_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


suggesting that the deletion of a single amino acid, Glu-160, in the strong tropomyosin - binding region affects the tropomyosin binding affinity of the entire troponin T mole cule and alters the interaction between troponin I and troponin C within ternary tropo nin complex in the thin filament. This mutation also increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofibrillar ATPase activity, as in the case of other mutations in troponin T with clinical phenotypes of poor prognosis similar to that of ¢Glul60. These results provide strong evidence that the increased Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofilament is a typical func tional consequence of the troponin T mutation associated with a malignant form of hy pertrophic cardiomyopathy.


Aryl radicals (phenyl, 4-biphenylyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, and 9-phenanthryl) were produced by the reaction of the corresponding aryl bromide with solvated electrons and reacted rapidly with oxygen to produce the arylperoxyl radicals. These radicals exhibit optical absorptions in the visible range, with [lambda][sub max] at 470, 550, 575, 650, and 700 nm, respectively. Arylperoxyl radicals react with 2,2[prime]-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoiine-6-sulfonate ion) (ABTS), chlorpromazine, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox C) by one-electron oxidation. The rate constants k for these reactions, determined from the rate of formation of the one-electron oxidation products as a function of substrate concentration, vary between 4 [times] 10[sup 6] and 2 [times] 10[sup 9] L mol[sup [minus]1] s[sup [minus]1] and increase in the order phenyl-, 4-biphenyl-, 2-naphthyl-, 1-naphthyl-, and 9-phenanthrylperoxyl, the same order as the absorption peaks of these radicals. Good correlation was found between log k and the energy of the absorption peak. 16 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.


This article is cast in the mold of a relatively new interdisciplinary field called management of technology. Researchers who specialize in this field are interested in understanding the process of technological innovation, and in learning how to manage it better. Their primary disciplinary training tends to be in economics or organizational behavior, and they often have some engineering or scientific training and experience as well. Most are based in business schools, and their research insights are often influenced and enriched by close contact with R&D engineers and managers who are trying to execute the detailed, day-to-day process of developing new technology-based products and processes. Researchers in management of technology often seek to frame studies that simultaneously address practical issues of concern to technology developers and more general questions of interest to academic colleagues. The study we report on here follows this pat-


To establish a new safety control standards for anti-floating stability of hydropower house,a calibration analysis on reliability for anti-floating stability of hydropower house is conducted using the first-order second-moment method.The calibration shows that the mean reliability index value of anti-floating stability for hydropower house designed according to current design code is far below the recommended values in the GB 50199-1994.We suggest that the safety level of anti-floating stability shall be slightly raised when revising the current design code,and the values for safety factor are proposed.Design calculations show that the anti-floating stability of a hydropower house is basically controlled by the cases of abnormal operation or powerhouse without unit installation.Only a few projects may need a little additional investment to satisfy the proposed safety factor of anti-floating stability.


Abstract In the Washington Metropolitan Area, an automated land use data system, encompassing the entire metropolitan area and including local data about individual parcels of land, is in use for planning purposes. This system uses data from continuously updated operating files and benefits local governments as well as metropolitan planners. Compatibility problems that were overcome in linking local data systems to the metropolitan system include: specification of standard data items; land use coding; local data system development; and locational identification of land parcels.


On the basis of an exact solution for the field of a charge in a uniformly accelerated noninertial frame of reference (NFR) and formulated "Equivalent Situation Postulate" the nonlinear electrostatic theory of bound charges has been constructed. Proposed method is outside of the flat space-time, however the curvature is not directly connected with the Einstein gravitational theory. The method proposed eliminates divergence of the proper energy and makes classical electrodynamics consistent at any sufficiently small distances.


For the past 60 years, the United Nations has been keeping foes apart in strife-torn parts of the world, and rebuilding countries and communities afterwards. In the UN's peace operations in Africa, India has been an active partner since its peacekeeping mission in the Congo in 1960. In this paper, all references to 'the Congo' denote the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), and not the Republic of Congo (or Congo–Brazzaville). This paper explores India's peacekeeping efforts in Africa over the last five decades. It analyses the reasons for India's engagement in African peace missions, and finds that different motives and incentives appear to be driving India's peacekeeping. Some of these can be explained along Cold War fault lines. A chronological account of India's peacekeeping actions in Africa illustrates that country's commitment to securing peace, the depth of involvement, the fatalities bravely borne and the hardships endured. Even more important, the record shows that India continues to use the experience that has been gained to refine its approach to peacekeeping. In conclusion, the paper offers a forecast of what form India's commitments to Africa's peacekeeping requirements are likely to take in the future. India may well develop criteria that require a greater return on investment than has been the case over the last halfcentury. A more tempered approach — particularly in view of India's global aspirations — seems likely. A B O U T T H E A U T H O R Frank van Rooyen is SAIIA's Emerging Powers and Global Challenges security programme fellow. He joined SAIIA in 2009 after a career in the South African Navy, where his last post was that of senior staff officer maritime strategy. His responsibilities included being a member of both the permanent secretariat of the Standing Maritime Committee of the Southern African Development Community and the secretariat for the Sea Power for Africa symposia in 2005 and 2009 respectively. In 2003 he represented the South African National Defence Force at the National Defence College in Kenya, obtaining an MA degree in International Studies from the University of Nairobi in 2004. He is currently engaged in doctoral studies through the University of the Free State. His research focuses on delineated areas of politico-security co-operation within IBSA (the India, Brazil and South Africa tripartite alliance).


Urban expansion and its driving forces in Chengdu city was quantitative analyzed by methods of buffer analysis and factors analysis based on TM data and GIS spatial analysis techniques in the paper.The result showed that urban spatial expansion within different buffer zones was obviously,the urban expansion mode was obvious circle-type,with strong spatial concentration close to the city centre area,and the spatial agglomeration weakened from the city center to the periphery area.The urban expansion presented different space differentiation.The result also showed that the main driving forces leading to urban area expansion in Chengdu city were region economic development,population increasing,and urbanization level.RS and GIS technique is an important tool to monitor land use and surface changes.


There are factors that constitute a hindrance to the fast expansion of intensive poultry production in Nigeria. They are are majorly the high cost of feeds and feedstuffs and insufficient supply of feed at the proper quality and quantity to the birds [1]. Feed constitutes about 70%80% of the total production cost in poultry business [1]. However, among cereal grains, maize is a common feedstuff of choice for energy in monogastric diet and its inclusion in diets ranges from 50%-70% [2,3]. This is not sufficiently available due to competition between livestock, human consumption and industrial uses. This scarcity has led to a rise in the cost of maize and would invariably, lead to increase in cost of animal feed and consequently animal protein [4]. Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the most vital food crops in the humid tropics, since it is naturally suited to condition of low nutrient availability and has the potency to survive in a drought situation. Cassava as a crop is cultivated in most countries in the tropical regions of Africa. The crop has served as an alternative energy source and its inclusion in diets for poultry has been extensively studied [5]. Cassava remains the most vital food in terms of carbohydrates and can be processed into various forms such as garri, fufu and tapioca [6,7].


Introduction: Stone disease is a significant and world-wide health problem. Recently, certain drugs have been used as a supplement to observation alone in an effort to improve spontaneous stone expulsion. We evaluated the efficacy of nifedipine and alfuzosin in the medical treatment of symptomatic, uncomplicated distal ureteral stones. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled prospective study to determine the efficacy of alfuzosin and nifedipine as an adjunctive medical therapy, to increases the stone-expulsion rates in distal ureteric calculus of size ≤10 mm. Investigators and patients were blinded to the randomization scheme. Patients were randomly divided into three equal groups of 35 patients each. Patients in Group I received tablet nifedipine 30 mg/day, Group II received alfuzosin 10 mg/day and Group III was the control group received tablet diclofenac sodium. The patient blood pressure, stone position on imaging, number of pain attacks, time of stone-expulsion, hospital re-admission and any adverse events were assessed. Patients were followed-up weekly and continued until the patient was rendered stone free or up to 28 days. Statistical analysis was performed and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Stone-expulsion was observed in 60%, 85.7% and 20% patients in Group I, II and III respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted in between Groups I versus III, Groups II versus III and Groups I versus II (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0315 respectively). The mean number of pain attacks was 2.91 ± 1.01 for Group I, 1.8 ± 0.83 for Group II, and 2.82 ± 1.12 for Group III, which is statistical significant in Groups II versus III, and Groups I versus II (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Hospital re-admission rate was less in treatment groups when compare to control group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of alfuzosin and nifedipine as a medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones proved to be safe and effective in term of increased stone-expulsion rate, reduced pain attacks and decrease hospital re-admissions.


Topological insulators and superconductors have attracted considerable attention, and many different theoretical tools have been used to gain insight into their properties. Here we investigate how perturbations can spread through exemplary one-dimensional topological insulators and superconductors using out-of-time ordered correlators. Out-of-time ordered correlators are often used to consider how information becomes scrambled during quantum dynamics. The wavefront of the out-of-time ordered correlator can be ballistic regardless of the underlying system dynamics, and here we confirm that for topological free fermion systems the wavefront spreads linearly at a characteristic butterfly velocity. We pay special attention to the topologically protected edge states, finding that"information"can become trapped in the edge states and essentially decoupled from the bulk, surviving for relatively long times. We consider different models with multiple possible edge states coexisting on a single edge.


Drag-and-pop and drag-and-pick are interaction techniques designed for users of pen- and touch- operated display systems. They provide users with access to screen content that would otherwise be impossible or hard to reach, e.g., because it is located behind a bezel or far away from the user. Drag-and-pop is an exten- sion of traditional drag-and-drop. As the user starts dragging an icon towards some target icon, drag-and-pop responds by temporarily moving potential target icons towards the user's current cursor location, thereby allow- ing the user to interact with these icons using comparably small hand movements. Drag-and-Pick extends the drag-and-pop interaction style such that it allows activating icons, e.g., to open folders or launch applications. In this paper, we report the results of a user study comparing drag-and-pop with traditional drag-and-drop on a 15' (4.50m) wide interactive display wall. Participants where able to file icons up to 3.7 times faster when using the drag-and-pop interface.


The study was about improving speaking fluency of the students by teaching them using communicative approach. The objective of the study was to find out: 1. How the communicative approach improved the students' speaking fluency, 2. How the perception of the students about communicative approach.This research was conducted by using CAR (Classroom Action Research). This research had two cycles. There were nine classes of the seventh graders in SMPN 1 Tenggarong. The writers chose one class as the subject that had a middle level ability of speaking English. After the first cycle, the students were given a test. After the scores out, the treatment was applied by the writers. To see whether it was successful or not, the writers themselves gave the post-test. Then the writers did the same thing like on the first cycle for the next cycle. The writers also gave an interview with an open-ended question to find out the students' perception of communicative approach. The result showed that there was increased in their speaking fluency. In the first cycle, the score was 75,45 and 77,30. In the second cycle, the score was 79,6 and 81,60. Secondly, the perception of the students toward communicative approach showed that the students had a positive relationship with the teacher and the other students and also had a better cooperation in the class. It also showed how the students became more active in the classroom.


The present invention discloses a recycling of lubricating oil, including water removal, pickling, alkaline cleaning and bleaching steps. Using the regeneration process of the present invention, can scale industrial production, efficient and environmentally friendly, the resulting products meet national standards.


:The article analyses theory of nsulating glass saving energy, and reason for effecting heat-intercepting capacity. It introduces way by which to improve capability of nsulating glass.


A preclinical phase to detect pathological process of AD, to provide preliminary diagnosis phase and improved method for patients for all diagnostic phase to quickly and accurately assess. It describes system (100) and method for clinical evaluation of neurodegenerative disease present in A in the subject. System (100) includes an operable image acquisition module to acquire image data representative of a brain of a subject (122), an image analyzer and (124), the. Image analyzer (124) is operable to determine the level one quantified value means the neurodegenerative disease present from the image data into the brain of the subject. Various embodiments of the present invention, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc.) to provide a tool to help improve the early diagnosis and monitoring for. .FIELD 1


In this work we will introduce the A-V-A formulation based iterative algorithm method (IAM) for simulating the magnetization current of high temperature superconductors. This new method embedded in ANSYS can simulate the critical state model by forcing the trapped current density to the critical current density Jc for all meshed superconducting elements after each iterative load step, as well as simulate the flux creep model by updating the E-J power law based resistivity values. The simulation results of a disk-shaped ReBCO bulk during zero field cooling (ZFC) or field cooling (FC) magnetization agree well with the simulation results from using the H-formulation in COMSOL. The computation time is shortened by using the A-V formulation in superconductor areas and the A-formulation in non-superconductor areas. This iterative method is further proved friendly for adding ferromagnetic materials into the FEA model or taking into account the magnetic field-dependent or mechanical strain-related critical current density of the superconductors. The influence factors for the magnetization simulation, including the specified iterative load steps, the initial resistivity, the ramping time and the updating coefficient, are discussed in detail. The A-V-A formulation based IAM, implemented in ANSYS, shows its unique advantages in adjustable computation time, multi-frame restart analysis and easy-convergence.


A numerical perturbation method is presented for the solution of the one‐dimensional Schrodinger equation by a finite difference approximation. The method is noniterative and has an accuracy similar to the Numerov–Cooley procedure. Rotation–vibration analysis for various multiconfiguration wavefunctions of the b and d 1Σ+ states of NH has been carried out using the above method followed by least square eigenvalue fitting procedures. The results are in very good agreement with known experimental data. The best calculated values of ωe, ωexe, Be, αe, and Re (with known experimental values in parentheses) are for the b 1Σ+ state ωe=3365.3 (3347.0) cm−1, ωexe =65.8 (70.7) cm−1, Be=16.78 (16.73) cm−1, αe =0.6249 (0.6049) cm−1; Re=1.953(1.956) bohr; for the d 1Σ state ωe=2671.8(2665.0) cm−1, ωexe =89.7(71.0) cm−1, Be=14.611 (14.409) cm−1, αe=0.999(0.634) cm−1, Re=2.093 (2.108) bohr.


Background: Although antenatal diagnostic technique has considerably improved, proper management of ductus-dependent congenital heart disease (CHD) is always a great concern to pediatricians. Curre...


In this work, the 2024 Al/W composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. W powders and gas-atomized 2024 Al aluminum powder were milled by ball milling with different milling parameters. The mixtures were consolidated by vacuum hot press under a pressure of 400MPa and then hot-extruded for a higher density. A T6 heat treatment was carried out for the samples, which consisted of solution treating at temperature 470-500, water quenching and artificial aging at 1900 for 8h. The microstructure of as-milled mixture powders and the composites were investigated by combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The microstructure and its relationship with the mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. The results show the milling-energy is a key factor for the processing of the composite. For the samples with high energy milling, Al atoms dissolved into W lattice gradually and finally formed a W solution after 6 hours milling, which can cause the a large amount of precipitation of WAl12, WAl5 in the following hot pressing process. With appropriate processing parameters, the tensile strength of the composite can reach 480 MPa.


In this paper, we propose a modified SIR model with the consideration of vaccinated individuals called SIRV. We provide a proof that the model's solution is non-negative and derive the model reproduction number and steady state. Finally, we apply the model to analyze COVID -19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia over the last three years.


A preliminary analysis of the impact of target multiple scatterers in the context of coherent Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar is performed. Expressions that describe the virtual array vector given the scattering characteristics, the auto-ambiguity function and cross-ambiguity function of the MIMO signals are given. The expressions show that multiple scatterers on a target and targets at other ranges can cause the constructed virtual array response to be a distorted version of the ideal Vandermonde vector response expected from a point target. The effect on angle estimation error is generally negligible for signals with wider null widths of the cross-ambiguity function near the zero delay point. An illustrative example is presented and the role of signal time-bandwidth product is discussed.


BACKGROUND: Work experience programs are a common element of work-based learning for youth with disabilities under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, but few studies have focused on the effectiveness of these programs for youth who are blind or have low vision (B/LV). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a vocational rehabilitation (VR) agency-sponsored summer work experience program on employment outcomes for transition-age youth with B/LV. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we used propensity score matching to analyze de-identified case records obtained from a VR agency. Participants were 14 to 24 years old at VR application and had a primary or secondary disability of blindness, visual impairment, or deaf-blindness. The matched sample (N = 302) included 151 youth who participated in the program and 151 youth who did not participate. RESULTS: Summer work experience participants were more likely to obtain competitive employment at VR case closure than non-participants. Work hours and hourly earnings did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the association between paid community-based work experiences and future employment for B/LV youth who receive VR services.


A probabilistic description of the seismic resistance of six containment vessels was developed. A random vibration approach and an advanced first order second moment reliability method were combined to predict the cumulative distribution of the resistance. Strain ductility was used as the failure criteria. BOSOR4 was used to determine linear vibration modes. Extreme Value Type I distributions were used to characterize the maximum responses (stress resultants). BOSOR5 was implemented to predict the proportional increase of these maximums which would cause buckling. Imperfections were included in the shell models. Only shell failure modes were considered. 74 references, 39 figures, 9 tables.


Dendritic spines are small protrusions on neuronal dendrites and the major target of the excitatory inputs in mammalian brains. Cultured neurons and brain slices are important tools in studying the biochemical and cellular properties of dendritic spines. During the processes of immunocytochemical studies of neurons and the preparation of brain slices, neurons were often kept at temperatures lower than 37°C for varied lengths of time. This study sought to investigate whether and how cold treatment would affect the protein composition of dendritic spines. The results indicated that upon cold treatment four postsynaptic proteins, namely, α,β‐tubulins, calcium, calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα, and cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain and microtubule‐associated protein 2, but not PSD‐95 or AMPA receptors, exited from the majority of dendritic spines of cultured rat hippocampal neurons in a Gd3+‐sensitive manner. The cold‐induced exit of tubulins from dendritic spines was further found to be an energy‐dependent process involving the activation of Gd3+‐sensitive calcium channels and ryanodine receptors. The results thus indicate that changes in temperature, calcium concentration, and energy supply of the medium surrounding neurons would affect the protein composition of the dendritic spines and conceivably the protein composition of the subcellular organizations, such as the postsynaptic density, in the cytoplasm of dendritic spines. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


.- Significant changes in the biomass of sandlance Ammo dytes spp. and in the abundance of the copepod Cal<mw; finm.archicus in the southern Gulf of Maine co-oc curred with a shift in the occurrence and abundance offour species of ba leen whales in the region. During the years 1982-88 the abundance of sandlance was negatively correlated to the abundance of C. fin'marchiC'us (1', = -0;883, P<0.05). Peak years of abundance for C. jinmarchicus during 1982-88 in the study area were the lowest years of abundance for sandlance. The abundance of C. jinmarchicus and sandlance was at a regional maximum during 1986 and 1988, respectively. The abundance of humpback and fin whales were marginally corre lated to each other (1', = 0.3338, P< 0.08). The abundance of humpbacks was negatively correlated with right whales (r, = -0.7753, P<O.OOl) and sei whales (r, = -0.5507, P<O.Ol). The patterns of occurrence for right and sei whales


[Extract] Little enough is written about the industrial relations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), which is disappointing because its institutions were deliberately fostered by Australia in the 1960s and early 1970s when the then Territory was approaching independence. Although
disappointing, it is not surprising considering that the Australian media continue to refer to Indonesia as 'our nearest neighbour' overlooking both the independence and immediate proximity of PNG. Benedict Imbun's study is a welcome extension to the few studies we have of
work and industrialisation in our nearest neighbour.


Deep lake water cooling is based on a very simple physical property of water: water is heaviest at a temperature of 4/spl deg/C, and is lighter at temperatures above and below this. As a result, any deep body of water will have a permanent layer of cold (4/spl deg/C) water at a depth of 83 meter, called the "hypolimnion", and this layer is renewed every spring and fall as the surface is warmed and cooled with the season: when the surface hits this critical 4/spl deg/C temperature, it sinks, and adds to the existing cold layer. This layer can provide a permanent renewable source of totally natural cooling. The deep lake water cooling project has it all: it makes business sense, it is environmentally responsible, and it will be reliable. Customer contracts are being negotiated right now and several new landmark buildings are expected to join Enwave's expanding cooling network over the next few months.


Many sports have been researched on, for example, soccer basketball and athletics among others due to their popularity in Zimbabwean schools. In African continent, there are few countries playing competitive cricket on One Day International (ODI) and T-test and these are South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Due that fact not much has been said in school cricket. The uniqueness of cricket is that unlike other target games like archery, darts and shooting; cricket demands hitting a target whilst in motion. This angular motion has a restrictive range of motion which can cause more complicated injuries to the player. Also cricket a more protected target is used despite the complexity of ROM and angular restrictions. Zimbabwe has become more popular in male and female professional cricket and street cricket in the recent decades. This sport is dynamic and involves a scientific knowledge to cope with the new developments in the game. It involves many abstract skills and movements which need to be enhanced so that players are guaranteed that their bodies are kept in shape and strong.1,2 At a young age, cricket is for enjoyment, health and professional development. Inevitably, injury is potential outcomes of participation hence young athletes are vulnerable to cartilage which is less resistance to repetitive micro injury, apophysis and growth plate's injuries.1,3-7 Competitive element intervenes young players' decreased flexibility due to pronounced growth spurt through training harder and longer times which lead to varied physiologic response to exercise hence injuries.4,7-9 Bowling, batting and fielding are the three unique aspects of the game of cricket which are associated with risks of injury due to its repetitive nature and played often for long periods of time.1,10 In cricket, musculoskeletal pain and injuries are very common. They can occur when a player had rapid rotational movements, collisions with other players, struck by a ball or bat, sliding and diving during fielding and over-use injuries; thus physical macro trauma and microtrauma.1,9,11 A single high force and impact incident results in a macro-trauma which whilst micro-trauma is a result of repetitive or chronic injury which can have a lifetime.1,12 Importantly, inadequate nutritional intake, physical training and psychological preparation of players have great effects on muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, agility and fitness in the field of play and therefore hinder player performance in the game of cricket.7,13


Two important texts on dreaming survive from antiquity, both from the second century AD: the Oneirocritica, or Science of Dreams , by Artemidorus (from the late second century),1 and the Hieroi Logoi , or Sacred Tales , by Aelius Aristides (written ca. 11 7-1 18). 2 Both suppose a broad, three-fold classification of dreams common in antiquity: the enhypnion or non-predictive dream, the oneiros or predictive dream, and the chrematismos or oracular dream.3 Artemidorus was a professional dream specialist concerned with taxonomic distinctions between "ordinary" dreaming as either predictive, (oneira), or nonpredictive, (enhypnia).4 Aristides, on the other hand, was a rhetorician and sophist who recorded his chrematismoi, or oracular dreams, a type of dreaming which belonged to the specialized practices of the incubation cults. Artemidorus' systematic discussion of dreams established him as an authority for subsequent popular dream practices, while Aristides' personal testimonies were generally neglected.


The paper reflects on the personal experience of being engaged in an asynchronous discussion forum in a postgraduate online course from a leading university in the delivery of online courses. It opens with an overview of the various learning theories which give value to the application of this form of technological tool to be used to support learning in a purely online course. Then, it examines the literature review on the effectiveness of using it, followed by the reflections on the personal experiences of the researcher within this specific online learning environment. The personal narrative method is used here to share the practical insights gathered and some good practices of adopting an effective online asynchronous discussion forum are suggested. I recommend a less structured forum, and the number of registered learners in one particular cohort be reduced to a reasonable size in an attempt to increase learner engagement and participation in the discussions. The acquisition-participation metaphor of Sfard is fundamental to the successful implementation of the asynchronous discussion forum to ensure collective intelligence, through collaborative learning. L'article reflete l'experience personnelle d'etre engage dans un forum de discussion asynchrone dans un cours en ligne de troisieme cycle d'une universite de premier plan dans la prestation de cours en ligne. Il s'ouvre sur un apercu des differentes theories d'apprentissage qui valorisent l'application de cette forme d'outil technologique a utiliser pour soutenir l'apprentissage dans un cours purement en ligne. Ensuite, il examine la revue de la litterature sur l'efficacite de son utilisation, suivie des reflexions sur les experiences personnelles du chercheur dans cet environnement d'apprentissage en ligne specifique. La methode narrative personnelle est utilisee ici pour partager les idees pratiques recueillies et quelques bonnes pratiques pour adopter un forum de discussion asynchrone en ligne efficace sont suggerees. Je recommande un forum moins structure et le nombre d'apprenants inscrits dans une cohorte particuliere soit reduit a une taille raisonnable dans le but d'augmenter l'engagement et la participation des apprenants aux discussions. La metaphore acquisition-participation de Sfard est fondamentale pour la mise en œuvre reussie du forum de discussion asynchrone pour assurer l'intelligence collective, grâce a l'apprentissage collaboratif. Article visualizations:


This article provides background on Kazamias' historical comparative education work. Transnational history as means to respond to Kazamias' call to "reinvent the historical" is introduced. The article demonstrates how the logics of transnational history differ markedly from the logics of comparison and transfer. The argument advanced is in favor of educational histories of the present, informed by transnational approaches of the past, not as a complement to comparative methodologies, but as a replacement of them.


The authors are exploring the use of functionalized block copolymers for bonding copper to epoxy in printed wiring boards. The program involves four key elements: (i) synthesis of suitable functionalized block copolymers; (ii) characterization of the conformation of the copolymers at the relevant interfaces by neutron reflectivity; (iii) spectroscopic measurements of chemical bonding, and (iv) measurement of the mechanical properties of the interfaces. The copolymers are synthesized by living, ring-opening metathesis polymerization. This relatively new technique allows great flexibility for synthesis of functionalized block copolymers in that the initiators are relatively insensitive to a wide range of functional groups. Significant adhesion enhancement has been observed in lap shear tests.


This paper determines the performance of the RMA technique applied to direct terminal-to-terminal link with large number of potential users. The average signal-to-noise (SNR) is derived. Under Gaussian assumption, the approximation of the probability of error is given. The analysis shows that the system performance is affected by the sequence length, the number of simultaneous users, and the number of cochannel symbols, but is not sensitive to the thermal noise. The performance of using very small aperture antenna for both transmitting and receiving without a hub station is given. Within a satellite


The recreation of colorful exotic cultures in translated texts enables readers to know more about the world and broaden their minds as well as enriches the targeted language.This will help eliminate the obstacles in international communication,and drive humanity to develop toward a more peaceful and harmonious society.


Based on the tests of 12 web steel truss beams ,the carrying capacities,failure modes and bending rigidities of the typical truss beams were provided.Both the carrying capacities and bending rigidities of web steel truss beams were low.When designing web steel,the truss beams should be arranged tightly,and the allowable deflection should be loose.For the compressive chords in the truss beams,the tubes with bigger section sizes should be used.In the course of loading,the equivalent bending rigidities of the truss beam samples had small changes,while the relationships between the moments and stresses at the middle spans were generally linear.The obtained equivalent bending rigidities base on the two-point loading tests were the simplifying calculation basis of the web steel walls.The failure process of the web steel truss beam can be divided into local failures and total buckling.The local failures include the buckling at the end of V-shape clips and shear failure of the self tapping screws,which can be avoided separately by increasing the amount of V-shape clips at two ends of the truss beams and the number or diameter of the self tapping screws.


In his thesis Baire defined functions of Baire class 1. A function f is of Baire class 1 if it is the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions. Baire proves the following theorem. A function f is not of class 1 if and only if there exists a closed nonempty set F such that the restriction of f to F has no point of continuity. We prove the automaton version of this theorem. An ω-rational function is not of class 1 if and only if there exists a closed nonempty set F recognized by a Buchi automaton such that the restriction of f to F has no point of continuity. This gives us the opportunity for a discussion on Hausdorff's analysis of Δ°2, ordinals, transfinite induction and some applications of computer science.


ABSTRACT To whom is a duty owed? Contractualism answers with an interest theory of direction. As such, it faces three challenges. The Conceptual Challenge requires acknowledgment that a duty is conceptually distinct from an interest. The Extensional Challenge requires an account of cases in which one who is owed a duty does not take an interest in the duty, or does not take as much of an interest as someone who is not owed the duty. The Positivist Challenge requires explanation of the great flexibility of law and other social practices in positing duties that do not reflect the landscape of moral interests. Contractualism can be shown to meet these challenges once we acknowledge the centrality of the idea of a generic interest. Focusing on generic interests also illuminates the distinctive form of respect involved in directedness.


An exploratory analysis was conducted by using a qualitative analysis of the data obtained from a popular online social network platform for professionals – LinkedIn. Data in the form of discussion posts and comments associated with BIM in education were captured from a BIM-specific discussion group using NVivo 10 software. To carry out the analysis, discussion posts and comments were coded to identify important themes emerging from the data. These themes were then examined, interpreted and discussed. OUTCOMES The results showed that the themes emerged from the selected discussion posts were concentrated on the recommendations on how BIM can be integrated into a curriculum and the barriers to the integration. The need to teach BIM as a collaborative process rather just a software tool was highlighted, with the difficulty in bridging educational silos identified as one of the main barriers. CONCLUSIONS BIM is an innovative concept that can help improve the efficiency of the AEC industry. To successfully integrate BIM into education, the industry perceived that there is the need for universities to be more innovative in developing a collaborative curriculum that requires integration across different educational disciplines. This represents a major challenge to be overcome not only for engineering education, but also other related disciplines within the AEC context.


With increasing DC grid connections between non-synchronous AC systems it is desirable that DC connections would take a role in frequency regulation for connected AC grids. A number of primary and secondary P and PI based controllers have been designed previously for this purpose. Here Model Predictive Control is proposed for including DC power controllers in the provision of Automatic Generation Control.


This paper deals with the building of a glaciological information system as an answer to the management of multi-source data required for the study of mountain glacier variations. A prime data source comes from remote sensing documents including satellite imagery. Topographic information is derived from the currently available 1:250,000 scale DEM of the Surveys, Mapping and Remote Sensing Branch of Energy Mines and Resources, Canada. The SIF vector DEM file is read with the ARC/INFO GIS package from which an 8-bit integer elevation value grid file is produced. An 8-direction weighted-distance interpolation is performed to obtain a DEM in a raster format from which slope and aspect coverages are extracted. This information is used in the radiometric correction of Landsat MSS arid TM images and in the characterizatiori of glacier basins into physiographic units. The output coverage becomes the basic information to establish multidate climate and glacier behaviour patterns.


The performance of county governments in Kenya has been declining resulting to poor service delivery to the public concern. The general objective is to examine the effect of leadership style strategies on organizational performance of the county government a case of Lake Region Block Counties. The specific objectives of the study are: to examine the influence of democratic leadership style on organizational performance of county government, to determine the influence of transformational leadership strategy on organizational performance of county government. The main theory of this study was; Mouton Blake Grid Theory, Transformation leadership theory, Transactional theory of leadership and Institutional Theory. Descriptive research design was used. The study targeted 592respondents who comprised of deputy directors, directors and chief officers. The sample size was 309 respondents. The study used stratified and simple random sampling technique to identify respondents. The study used experts and supervisors to test validity of research instrument. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. A Pilot study was conducted in Nakuru County. Crobach alpha coefficient was used to establish reliability of research instrument. Descriptive statistic was used to analyze data was presented in form of mean, percentages, tables, graphs and standard deviation. Pearson moment of correlation was used to establish the effect of the relationship between variables. Inferential statistical methods such as multiple linear regressions were used to test the effect of the variables. The results were presented in form of tables and graphs. The findings indicated that democratic leadership strategies applied in the county government. The study found that leaders formulate policy for effective management. Employees participate in formulation of strategic plans. Transformation leadership strategy is applied in the county government. The study recommended that leaders should formulate policy for managing their leadership responsibility. Another study can be done on strategic leadership and organizational performance with other organizations.


In the process of designing an electric machine, the systematic study of tolerances for the design variables and material properties is of the utmost importance. This paper proposes a method by which possible variations of the design variables and material properties can be distinguished. The design of experiments (DOE) technique, open-circuit and short-circuit tests, with minimum instrumentation requirements, have been employed. Virtual tests are conducted based on the recently approved IEEE 1812 testing guide for PM synchronous machines. As a case study, a 100 hp 16-pole 18-slot spoke-type PM machine is discussed. It is shown that variation in magnet remanence, steel grade, as well as dimensional tolerances, may be identified. The ratings and magnetic loading of the machine plays a critical role in identifying manufacturing tolerances.


Seventy-four of the 2651 patients (2.8%) with influenza aged <18 years had signs or symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction presenting to the hospital. None had oseltamivir exposure before the onset of central nervous system dysfunction. Seventeen children received oseltamivir therapy after admission and no significant difference between administration of oseltamivir and outcome was observed (P = 0.1512 by Fisher exact test).


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to video encoding/decoding. Disclosed is a method of encoding images for encoding a target image, which includes a brightness component and a colour difference component. Method includes a step of obtaining a reference image, selecting bidirectional prediction or unidirectional prediction based on prediction mode, which is designated directly or indirectly. Further according to method, if size of block designated as a unit of interpolation is less than or equal to a preset first threshold value, limiting size of block, and if bidirectional prediction is selected, bidirectional prediction is changed to unidirectional prediction. EFFECT: reduction of frequency band accessing memory during encoding of images by limiting block size. 7 cl, 12 dwg


The genetic diversity of Jiangyong wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) populations in ex-situ and in-situ conservation was studied by using SSR assay.The 48 SSR markers showed polymorphic bands.A total of 166 and 119 alleles were detected in the ex-situ(G3) and in-situ(G4) populations,with the average of 3.55 and 2.60 per marker,respectively.In G3 and G4 populations,the percentage of polymorphic loci(P) were 99.4% and 95.2%,the mean number of observed alleles(A) 1.99 and 1.95,the mean effective number of alleles(Ae) 1.428 and 0.508,and gene diversity(He) 0.272 and 0.304,respectively.It indicated that richer genetic variation existed in G4,but some new variants were found in G3,not in G4.Furthermore,43.4% of total variation in G4 was found among the subpopulations,with a mean coefficient of gene differentiation(Gst) 0.434 in a range of 0.156-0.935 among the four subpopulations(G4-1,G4-2,G4-3,G4-4).Beside G4-2 subpopulation,more gene diversity existed within subpopulations than between subpopulations in the in-situ populations,and the order of gene diversity was G4-1G4-3G4-4G4-2.


The bacterium now called Salmonella arizonae, was first recovered from reptiles (3). It has variously been referred to as Salmonella sp., Arizona group, paracolon bacteria, Arizona arizonae and Arizona hinshawii (2, 3). S. arizonae is presently classified under subgenus III of the salmonelleae (2, 5). Specific serotypes of this organism are recognized pathogens of poultry, especially of young turkey poults. Numerous other serotypes are widely distributed in nature (6, 7, 8, 9). S. arizonea was first identified from newborn lamb carcasses in 1952. This isolate was identified as Arizona paracolon and was serotyped 026:H2930 (10). More recently this serotype has been recovered from various tissues of sick or dead adult sheep and from the tissues of aborted ovine fetuses (1, 4, 9). Under present classification, Arizona 26:H29-30 is 061:K:1,5,7 (2, 3). This paper reports the isolation of S. arizonae from ten ovine fetuses aborted or stillborn, from six ewes on four different farms in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island during the winter and spring of 1977.


This conference, cosponsored by SCi, ACM, IEEE, and SHARE, was held in New York on December 2-4, 1968. A keynote address by John E. Snyder titled Why is top management difficult to convince? led off the twenty-two sessions. Mr. Snyder undoubtedly helped to provide the 856 registrants with methods and techniques to improve their batting averages when they returned to the real world. There were sixty papers presented covering simulation applications in the areas of facility planning, transportation, communication, computers, urban design, ecology, management, finance, marketing, man-machine interaction, individual behavior, gaming, and tutorials in simulation languages and statistical considerations. The two-and-onehalf-day structure of the conference forced up to five parallel sessions. Since simulation topics overlap, fewer parallel sessions would have reduced the conflict in choosing which sessions to attend. In terms of popularity, the sessions on the modeling of computer systems were the best attended, with corporate and financial models and manufacturing applications following. Some of the sessions encouraged active discussions, particularly the sessions on Simulation of human behavior, Marketing, Ecology, and Gaming. The challenge to actively participate in both the sessionc and the seven workshops on the last afternoon was well accepted. The broad range of topics allowed engi-


U.S. salary increase budgets remain historically low, but projections for 2011 show a modest increase, according to The Conference Board annual salary increase budgets survey report. For the second straight year, the median salary increase budget is 2.5%. Projections for 2011 show a modest increase to 3%. Salary increase budgets refer specifically to the pool of money that an organization dedicates to salary increases for the coming year. Generally, it is represented as a percentage of current payroll. "This less-than-robust increase is an indication that the economic recovery has not yet picked up enough strength to significantly raise salary budgets to a level consistent with a healthy economy," says Christopher Woock, Researcher, Human Capital, The Conference Board. "But the news is not all grim. There appears to be little risk of inflation eroding the real value of the increase." The lowest median salary increase budget forecast for 2011 is in the transportation industry—2.25% for exempt employees and executives. The insurance industry is also below the 3% median overall forecast for nonexempt salaried, exempt, and executives, whereas the banking sector reported the lowest projected 2011 increase for nonexempt, hourly employees. Across industries, the 2011 forecast for salary increase budgets showed little variation, with no employee group in any industry projected to exceed the overall median of 3%. The projections for 2011 salary increase budgets are up from the actual 2010 increases. The largest year-overyear projected increases are in the diversified services industry—where the projected 2011 median salary increase budget is 0.5 to 3 percentage points higher than the actual 2010 budget—and in the diversified financial services industry—where the projected 2011 median salary increase budget is 0.5 or 0.63 percentage points higher than the actual 2010 budget. Pay for performance continues to be the common approach for the allocation of salary increase budgets, as companies remain focused on higher performing employees and growth businesses. Although most companies have not budgeted general increases, overall merit increase percentages for both 2010 actual and 2011 projected budgets mirror the trend of those of total increases. The information for this report was gathered from 313 companies surveyed between April 7 and 30, 2010. For more information, go to www.conference-board.org.


M y presentation is about work that we have been doing for several years to develop what we hope will be a sustainable system to provide a regular flow of information about the clinical use of blood in the whole population of patients who attend acute hospitals in a small country, Scotland, which has a population of about 5 million. We hope that this will help us to identify variations in transfusion practice by giving people a better view of what they are actually doing by providing a quantitative clinical view of blood use; to encourage people to take an interest in blood use; and thereby to contribute to the goal of reducing avoidable transfusions with what we hope would be the attendant benefits of that outcome. Our work is part of a larger program, which has now been in operation for 4 years, called the "Better Blood Transfusion Program for Scotland," which has a number of activities and a number of targets, including educational and training targets. The program was also to demonstrate, as a consequence of several interventions, a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) utilization of about 10 percent to a level of around about 40 units per 1000 population, which is a figure arbitrarily taken as a sort of sensible mid-point value from the then Council of Europe's statistics on population blood use. There was also a more general research question, or probably a family of questions—how much blood does the population like ours actually need? Where is it going, who is getting it, and what are the reasons for transfusion?— which we hoped we would be able to begin to answer by creating a population blood use database, because we felt that there is actually a considerable lack of real quantitative knowledge about that. METHODS


The wine industry significantly contributes to South Africa's water demand and subsequent pollution of the limited resource. Wastewater is produced throughout the year with an increase in volume and organic load during the vintage season. Anaerobic digestion (AD), specifically the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) technology has been shown to be feasible in the treatment of cellar wastewater. However, the legal standard for chemical oxygen demand (COD) for disposal in a natural water resource (75 rnq.L") is often not met. The aim of the study was to conduct a laboratory-scale investigation into the feasibility of combining preand post-ozonation processes with AD in order to achieve a final COD closer to the legal disposal limit. While acclimatising an UASB bioreactor containing mixed anaerobic granules to a cellar wastewater with a pH set at 8.0, stable-state conditions were not reached. Sucrose additions to the substrate, increased substrate loads, heattreatment of the substrate and an addition of isolated cellar effluent bacteria to facilitate degradation prior to AD, were all unsuccessful in maintaining stable-state in terms of COD removal efficiency. Once the substrate pH was re-set to 7.5, the reactor stabilised. The lowest efficient operational pH was found to be 5.73 resulting in a COD removal of 88% at a substrate COD < 5 000 rnq.L". At a substrate pH of 6.0, the lowest efficient operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) and corresponding organic loading rate (OLR) were 19.7 hand 9.75 kg COD.m-d-, respectively, with the COD removal being maintained around 84%. The reactor effluent still had a final COD of 1280 rnq.L", which was well above the legal South African limit. Dominant bacteria were isolated from raw cellar wastewater and identified as Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Burkholderia cepacia and Cryseomonas luteola. In order to investigate the possibility that ozonation improved biodegradability, the growth of the isolates at 35°C was monitored over 24 h in sterile ozonated and non-ozonated substrates from the vintage and non-vintage seasons. All the isolates increased by at least 1.5 log cycles in the control substrates from both seasons. Ozonation of the wastewater batches for 10 min at a rate of 73 rnq.L" led to slightly increased growth of the inoculants in the substrate batch from the Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


The temperature distribution in the thickness direction of the rolled strip was predicted by two dimensional finite element method. The recrystallization kinetics equations were also developed to describe the evolution of microstruture and the softening caused by recrystallization. A flow stress model was developed for calculation of stress strain curve and prediction of rolling force, rolling moment and rolling energy during the finish rolling, the predicted results are in good agreement with measured.