Throughout most of the post-WWII been viewed as one of the heartlands of social democracy. This has been based largely on the success of the Norwegian Labor Party (DNA, Det Norske Arbeiderpartiet) which has held the reins of government for forty of the fifty-two years since 1945. One of the keys to the DNA's success has been its ability to present itself as a nationalist party and form sustained electoral alliances based on that national orientation. In the 1920s and '30s, the DNA moved from a class based to a nationally oriented "peoples" party and created a farmer-labor alliance that made it the only party with strong representation in Norway's urban centers and rural periphery. From the 1970s onwards, confronted with the growth of post-materialist values, white collar occupations, and economic globalization, the DNA attempted to maintain its national dominance through the creation of a "wage-earner" alliance (linking the traditional blue collar to the emerging white collar classes) that would augment its ageing farmer-labor alliance. However, a key weakness in this strategy has been the issue of European integration. From the first discussions of European cooperation and integration in the 1950s to the recent European Union (EU)(1) membership referendum, the issue of European integration has weakened the DNA'S nationalist orientation and splintered the electoral alliances that provide for the party's political dominance. The effect of the EU on the DNA raises three interesting questions. Why has the DNA been so divided by the EU issue? How does the EU issue affect the future of the DNA? Has the recent EU referendum put an end to this division or deepened it? In order to answer these questions, I will argue that a strong nationalist orientation has been a central element of DNA policy and success throughout the twentieth century. This form of nationalism gave the DNA its ability to create the farmer-labor alliance and transcend the traditional center-periphery division in Norwegian politics. It also provided the foundation for the wage-earner alliance and the core linkage between the two main alliances. However, the supranational issue of European integration complicates the DNA'S nationalist orientation and its key alliances. At present, the EU issue revives the old farmer-labor alliance, while it splits the wage-earner alliance and weakens the link between these two alliances. In this article, I will make a short theoretical argument for the importance of nationalism to the development of social democracy in general and Norwegian social democracy in particular. Then, I will present a brief history of the post-WWII relationship between the DNA and European integration. During this historical review, I will argue that up to the late 1970s the the DNA was a very traditional and nationalist party. However, with the growth of economic internationalism and the success of the European integration, this traditional/nationalist core has been increasingly challenged by, what is currently called, the "modernizing" wing of the party. Next, using the results from a recent survey which Duane Swank and I performed on Norwegian social democratic opponents to the EU (Geyer and Swank 1997), I will argue that the DNA is currently divided into four main factions (modernizers, rural/state dependents, traditional-materialists, and post-materialists). The rejection of the EU was a dear victory for the anti-EU alliance of rural/state dependents, traditional-materialists, and post-materialists factions. However, this victory is inherently limited. Due to its inability to unite around other issues, the anti-EU alliance is not strong enough to challenge the modernizing DNA party leadership. Moreover, with the continued importance of the KU, issues of European integration are certain to continue as well as their corrosive influence on the DNA'S nationalist orientation and basic alliance strategies. Hence, one can see that the 1994 EU referendum did little to resolve the basic factional tensions within the DNA. …


Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana ) production has become stagnant over the years and one of the possible ways to increase the production can be spread of widely adaptable high yielding cultivars. Five national finger millet cultivars were grown in randomized complete block design at ICARVivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture for six consecutive years to evaluate the grain yield stability. The grain yield data were subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot techniques for assessing the stability and patterns of GE interaction in finger millet National cultivars. The combined ANOVA showed that finger millet grain yield was significantly affected by environment, which explained 54.67% of the total treatment (G+E+GE) variation, whereas the G and GEI accounted for 10.38% and 34.96%, respectively. The partitioning of GEI sum of squares using AMMI analysis indicated that the first two PCAs were highly significant. The first IPCA axis (IPCA1) accounted for 50.3% of the G×E interaction sum of squares. The second IPCA axis accounted for 38.2% of the interaction sum of squares. Both represented a total of 88.5% variation. AMMI 1 biplot indicated the general adaptation of genotype HR 374 across the environments, whereas the other genotypes showed specific adaptation to one or other environments. GGE-biplot graphical analysis further confirmed the results and revealed that HR 374 as an ideal genotype in terms of high yield and stability followed by RAU 8 as desirable genotype. In our research, both of AMMI and biplot models were successful in assessing the performance of genotypes and the selection of best genotype was identical in both of them.


The concept,principle and function of geography information system(GIS) have been introduced in this paper.Through the application plan of GIS software in irrigation system,it holds that GIS can predict the requirement of water in irrigation district scientifically,optinum ration of water resources,and be of importance to realize irrigation opportunely and moderately,to save water resource and so on.


The history of HIV/AIDS in Chilean children is described, from the detection of the first case in 1987 to date, with the main advances obtained by the Paediatric HIV/AIDS Care Programme, SOCHIPE/MINSAL. Thefollow-up and management of children and adolescents in this Program is described


The current social development situation makes the animation design and production professions of higher vocational colleges different from the traditional teaching mode. At this stage, the animation design and production professions of higher vocational education are mostly through the "studio system" teaching mode to achieve seamless teaching and employment. , Improve students' practical experience and give them innovative ability, enhance students' adaptation to the job market, and enable them to quickly integrate into the market after graduation. Based on this, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze the shortcomings in the teaching of animation design and design in higher vocational education under the new situation, and propose effective solutions to further improve the teaching quality of animation design and production in higher vocational schools. Through the construction of faculty and the innovation of teaching methods, the application scope of the studio-based teaching model in the specialty of animation design and production in higher vocational schools has been continuously increased.


This research is aimed to find out whether the use of pictorial story effectively improves students writing achievement of the eight grade of SMP Muhammadiyah 08 Batu. The researcher tried to present pictorial story as the media in teaching writing. Pictorial story is a medium that comprises of different pictures and combines with text as a clue sentence.

This research used a quasi-experimental design to know whether or not teaching by using pictorial story improves students writing achievement. The sampling technique that researcher used is purposive sampling. In the experimental research, the classroom was divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given a treatment by using pictorial story while control group did not receive the treatment using pictorial story. In collecting the data, the researcher used test as instruments of the research, focusing in achievement test. The test are divided into two; pretest and posttest.

The data of this research were analyzed by using SPSS/PC+. In the pretest, the mean score of experimental group was 11.25 while control group was 10.61. Moreover, in the posttest, the mean of experimental group was 12.63 while control group was 10.91. Moreover, the result of the statistical analysis showed that the t-ratio value of 4.586 was greater than the t-table of 2.069. Therefore, the (Null Hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) was accepted. This meant that the use of pictorial story provided better writing achievement for the students and it is recommended for the English teacher, especially for junior high school teachers to attract the studentsÂ' interest.


Throughout the twentieth century, the United States's resort to war was generally in response to clear-cut scenarios of interstate conflict. In nearly every case, the U.S. justified its involvement due to an attack on itself or an ally by a belligerent state. The contemporary war on terror is both similar and dissimilar to earlier wars. Though the U.S. is responding to a painful attack on its homeland, the primary threat to American lives is from nonstate actors, specifically committed terrorists working alone or on the U.S. mainland in small groups, responding to instructions from a larger group elsewhere. Few dispute the U.S.'s right to self-defense against such threats. The real debate concerns what responses are appropriate and pragmatic within the ethical framework of U.S. policy. One such policy that should be reexamined is targeted killing.


Fusarium graminearum (telemorph Gibberella zeae) is a major phytopathogen causing diseases in cereals with great economic impacts as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). F. graminearum is a taxonomical member from the division Ascomycota, of the class Sordariomycetidae, the order Hypocreales. It is a hemibiotrophic fungus with asexual and sexual stages. The natural habitat for this species is soil, and the 24-32 oC is the optimal temperature range for F. graminearum [1,2]. This species, which was reported to be common in humidity regions in the past years, has now been spreading gradually due to global climate changes and has also been isolated from regions with different climatic characteristics. F. graminearum has been reported to be a major pathogen of head blight and crown rot of wheat, barley and maize (Figure 1) worldwide [3]. F. graminearum infections lead to serious economic losses and mycotoxin contaminations in cereal crops. The decrease in quality and quantity of cereals Summary


If your enthusiasm for orthodontics is on the wane, ~ut you enjoy picking your way th!ough a good c~oss-sc:ct1on of reading material, then th1s celebratory 1ssue 1s for you, be it at the bedside or study. desk. The occasion was the 25th anmversary of the Orthodontic Department in Nymegen, The Netherlands; during October 1987 they held an International Con.ference, and this is the report. The event was also a tnbute to the two major forces within the department, Frans van der Linden and Herman Boersma. The topics range widely, sometimes including analy.sis of earlier research and methods, though generally w1th a keen eye to the future. Vario~s ortho~ontic philosophies and techniques are cons1dered, w1th s~me ve.ry clear expositions on the current state of max1llo-fac1al orthognathic surgery. A few of the too well known authors are included, but most of the articles include much of interest with each paper ending with a report of the ensuing discussion. Of particular clarity were th~ papers by:. W. C. Shaw, with a comprehensive appra1sal of the nsk/~nefits of orthodontics· a typically down to earth readmg on the 'Future of s~rgical-orthodontic treatment', by W. R. Proffit and a most useful and well detailed treatise by R. A. Riedel, on post-retention changes. You purchase this .volume directl~ fro~ Nyme~en and for the price, this book (pubhshed m Enghsh) sho~ld clearly be obtained by all interested in modem orthodontics. L.A.U.


Pellets of PBX 9501 were first dried for 3 months to remove residual moisture, then stored in diffkrent humidity levels for 41 days while monitoring the moisture uptake by measuring the change in mass of the pellets. Several reference pellets were left in the dry environment, and one sample that had been conditioned to a high moisture content was changed back to a dry environment. A standard compression test was done on these pellets to determine the eff@s of the moisture content on the mechanical properties. The load deflection behavior did not change character, but the peak stress decreased noticeably with increasing moisture content. Results from earlier tests on other variables are reviewed, and recommendations for improving surveillance testing techniques are presented.


Over the past four decades, increased prehospital care coverage and improved access to acute emergency and surgical care have substantially improved outcomes for trauma patients with severe or life-threatening injuries. However, most trauma patients who receive emergency care do not have life-threatening injuries and following emergency department (ED) evaluation can be safely discharged home. The limited number of trauma centers and the time and resources needed to access these centers, particularly for individuals living in rural areas, creates a challenge; at the scene of an injury, a decision must be made as to whether an individual needs trauma center care or can be safely evaluated in a local ED. This decision is made millions of times a year in the United States and falls largely on the shoulders of prehospital providers (paramedics and emergency medical technicians) and the emergency medical services (EMS) organizations that employ them. Although prehospital providers and EMS systems get this decision right in many cases, there is growing evidence that they often do not get it right for older adults. Undertriage of injured older adults, including inappropriate destinations and nontransportation, has been described throughout the United States and is associated with poor outcomes. In an attempt to fix this problem, many states have adopted trauma triage protocols with specific criteria for elderly adults to define which individuals need trauma center care. Of the 39 states with publicly available statewide EMS trauma triage protocols, 34 (87%) have criteria specific to older adults. Of these, 21 have adopted the 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention field triage guidelines, which include the following age-specific guidelines: the risk of injury and death increases after the age of 55, systolic blood pressure less than 110 mmHg might represent shock in individuals aged 65 and older, and low-impact mechanisms (e.g., groundlevel falls) might result in severe injury in older adults. Some states, including Ohio, have adopted physiological, anatomic, and mechanism-of-injury criteria that rather than providing guidelines for who might be at greater risk, explicitly define which individuals need to be taken to a trauma center. Together, these recently instituted protocols create a series of natural experiments for understanding the effects of triage protocols on transportation destinations and outcomes. In this issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Caterino and colleagues provide the first statewide analysis of one of these trauma triage protocols for elderly adults. The study is important not just because it is the first of its kind, but also because the authors describe what should have happened after adopting the new protocol and what actually happened. Briefly, their data show that adoption of trauma triage criteria for elderly adults in Ohio should have increased the proportion of older adults meeting criteria for trauma center transport from 44% to 58%, but the proportion of older adults transported to trauma centers actually increased by only 1%, and the adoption of the protocol had no effect on survival. In short, the protocol should have reduced undertriage but did not. Before exploring possible explanations for these results, it is worth considering some related evidence to illustrate the scope of the problem. In Australia, adherence to a trauma triage protocol without age-specific criteria was found to be lower in older adults, suggesting that the problem is not due to the complexity of having different criteria for older adults. Similarly, in North Carolina, which has no age-specific criteria, age was found to have almost no effect on transport rates after motor vehicle collision, even after adjusting for markers of serious injury available at the time of field triage. Nonadherence to EMS protocols has also been described for a range of other conditions, including stroke, ST elevation myocardial infarction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although there are characteristics unique to the challenge of identifying injured older adults, the disconnect between prehospital provider protocols and practice that Caterino and colleagues observed is not limited to this task. The characterization of intuitive and deliberate thinking by Daniel Kahneman provides a framework for dissecting this problem.


The article is focused on the problems of historical typology of the Slavic reception of the translated Lucidarius (Lucidář) in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechia throughout its existence. For the first time, a general overview of Slavic evidences is presented in a generalized way, reflecting various types of perception (positive, negative, and neutral) of the specific literary text and indicating the chronology of each of them. Based on these evidences, their historical interpretation is presented, which consists in identifying two qualitatively different stages in the reception of the text under consideration: emotionally engaged (it can equally manifest itself in a positive or negative attitude) and neutral. The change of these historical stages took place in different Slavic countries within half a century (from the 1850s/60s to the 1920s). This process did not depend on the national characteristics of the functioning of Lucidaria, for example, the number of translations performed or their manuscript copies made, as well as the presence or the absence of a local Slavic printed tradition of this particular text, which significantly influenced the degree of its dissemination and, consequently, the level of acquaintance with it in the reading public.


Talking about humans and their position, means placing humans and everything that has to do with them, both potential and actual. In other words, humans are given advantages by God compared to other creatures. The advantages are both in physical form, and in the spiritual structure. Physical structures consisting of several five senses can be useful in receiving knowledge and becoming knowledge called empirical knowledge. Positivism is also born of empirical knowledge. Pancaindera consists of the eyes, ears, nose, skin and taste buds also possessed by other beings, but cannot capture knowledge through its senses, only humans can capture empirical knowledge. While the spiritual structure is even more amazing, because it has the power of spiritual power, heart power, reasoning and life force.Humans have the power to carry out their functions, both as di abdi (mu'abbid), khalifah fi al-ardh, as well as immarah fi al-ardh. As Mu'abbid, humans are demanded not only in the context of obligatory worship such as prayer, fasting, almsgiving, etc., but also all activities that are of good value in their lives are carried out with the aim of approaching themselves to their creators. Both as a mu'abbid, as well as a caliph are required to reflect the attributes of God into him and make those qualities actual in various actions. The pursuit of the attributes of God is a necessity in the formation of humanity of Muslim human beings as a portrait and symbol of goodness and virtue that must always be imitated and strived to be a later attitude towards self-actualization. Humans have the duty to organize the world in such a way that it can make people live in prosperity, peace, security and happiness.


Improving the electron beam power and quality is essential to increasing the power and performance of the gyro-TWT. We have designed, and tested, a new magnetron injection gun (MIG) with nominal alpha=1.5 and calculated axial velocity spread (via EGUN) of 3.9% (neglecting cathode surface roughness, emission non-uniformity, and other defects). The gun is designed to nominally operate at 100 kV with ~8 Amp beam current at a cathode current density of 30 A/cm2 and uses Scandate impregnated cathodes. Beam analyzer tests show that the gun performs with excellent beam quality and that the design is flexible with respect to maintaining the beam quality with variable operating parameters such as voltage, current, and compression. This is a low compression (only 12) thin beam design. The surface quality of advanced high current density cathodes can be inferred from the beam quality measurements. Advanced gyro-TWT design using the improved MIG is discussed.


The article assesses political reform in Vietnam within the context of unique traditional Vietnamese governance and current social, economic and political developments. Extant documents, to which most scholars do not have access, and trends were examined. The conclusion is that the reform process is gaining momentum and will continue to move forward, both economically and polit ically, irrespective of the Vietnamese government's rhetoric; and the political reform and resultant socio-economic changes will enhance emerging democratic principles and Vietnam's ambitions for "Asian Tiger" status.


Alpine glaciers store large amounts of freshwater contributing to groundwater recharge during warmer periods, but the interactions between glaciers and aquifers have rarely been investigated in detail. The Tsanfleuron-Sanetscharea, Switzerland, is an ideal test site to study glacier-aquifer interactions. It consists of a rapidly retreating glacier (2.8 km 2 ) overlying a karst aquifer drained by a spring (mean discharge 600–700 L/s) used for drinking water supply and irrigation. The geometry and structure of the glacier were assessed by means of geophysical surveys, using radiomagnetotellurics (RMT). The estimated ice volume is 1.0 x 10 8 m 3 (0.92 x 10 8 m 3 water equivalent), but the glacier currently loses 1.5 m ice thickness per year. Field observations, flow measurements and tracer tests allowed characterisation of glacier drainage and aquifer recharge. Three recharge pathways have been identified: 1) The main glacial stream sinks into the aquifer via swallow holes 3 km downstream of the glacier mouth; 2) Numerous small meltwater streams sink underground shortly below the glacier front; 3) Subglacial meltwaters and supraglacial streams sink into the glacier via moulins and contribute to aquifer recharge throughfractures and swallow holes underneaththe glacier. Recharge and spring discharge display strong diurnal and seasonal variability, witha general high-flow period during snow and glacier melt from spring to autumn. Preliminary predictions of the future availability of spring water after disappearance of the glacier suggest that the discharge may decrease by 20–30%. Nearly all of this loss will occur in summer and autumn, presumably resulting in temporary water shortage.


One of the most promising oil crops in the Russian Federation is saffron. Camelina seeds contain from 26 to 46% oil, which is different from other oils rich in cruciferous gondoinic, linolenic and linoleic acids, and relatively low erucic acid, has a high content of the biologically active substances (sterols, carotenes and carotenoids, chlorophylls and tocopherols). The main task in the processing of oilseeds is the maximum extraction of oil with a high quality of the products obtained: unrefined oil, cake and meal. In conventional technology of oil, the raw material is subjected to repeated heating significantly. Proposed the following processing flow chart: camelina seeds were subjected to moisture-heat treatment beforehand in an extruder, and then hot-pressed to a screw press a single action, so that the oil content of the cake after pressing was 17-19%. When using an extrusion process is suppressed anti-nutritional properties contained in the seeds of camelina. Found that the oil obtained after the preliminary preparation of the extrusion as compared with the oil produced by traditional technology, comprises more tocopherols, phospholipids less chlorophyll, free fatty acids and peroxides. Thus, it has a longer shelf life, has good fluidity, easily refined.


This study focused on a heavy-duty natural gas engine fuelled with HCNG (CNG: 70 vol%, hydrogen: 30 vol%) and CNG. To study the emission characteristics of an HCNG engine with high compression ratio, the exhaust gas of CNG and HCNG fuel were analyzed in relation to the change in the compression ratio at the half load condition. The results showed that the thermal efficiency improved with an increase in the compression ratio. Consequently, CO2 emission decreased. CO emission increased with inefficient oxidation due to the low exhaust gas temperature. NOx emission with high compression ratio was increased at the same excess air ratio condition. However, NOx emission was not affected by a compression ratio exceeding = 1.9 because of the same MBT timing. λ


A base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ) established after gas hydrate drilling and coring in 2006 under NGHP Expedition-01 shows close correspondence with drilling results in the Mahanadi Basin. The BGHSZ followed by very high reflectivity on seismic section indicates the presence of free-gas. Here, we compute the seismic attributes such as the reflection-strength, instantaneous frequency and phase from seismic data in the Mahanadi Basin and demonstrate that these attributes can be used as important indicators for the exploration of gas-hydrates and free-gas. Presence of gas hydrates increases the seismic velocity and causes amplitude blanking due to hydrate cementation. Underlying free-gas saturated sediments have lower velocities than host sediments and exhibit high reflection strength due to variation in gas saturation. Presence of free-gas shows high frequency absorption in the instantaneous frequency plot. A remarkable low frequency and very high reflectivity indicates presence of gas zones below BGHSZ in the study area.


Effects of varied contents of titania on the phase development and properties of spark plasma sintered (SPS) mullite-carbon- MnO2 ceramic composite was investigated. The raw materials used were kaolin clay, graphite, manganese oxide and titania. Samples were prepared by blending pre-calculated amounts of raw materials in Turbular mixer at a speed of 72 rev/min. The homogenous mixture were sintered in the SPS machine at 1000°C at a sintering pressure of 40 MPa, heating rate of 50°C/min and holding time of 10 min in a graphite die of 20mm. The phases in the sintered samples were characterized using x-ray diffractometry analysis (XRD). Microstructure of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Harness of the sintered samples was also investigated using Vickers hardness tester. It was observed that the phases evolved in the sample were influenced by titania content. The presence of Mn2O3 in the sample lead to formation of silimanite in preference to mullite when sintered 1000°C. 12% titania in sample D aided development of mullite phases within the sample. Presence of 16% titania and Mn2O3 led to development of carbides like Al4C3 and Al4Si2C5 in sample E. Addition of titania to the samples progressively improved on densification of the samples with increased titania contents. It was concluded that the development of carbides within the ceramic matrix is responsible for the increased hardness of the sample.


(1) Background: The current study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychosocial factors in academic performance in higher education based on the adaptation of teaching due to COVID-19. (2) Methods: The methodological design is descriptive–exploratory, cross-sectional, and ex post-facto, using a structural equation model in a sample of 824 university students from Granada. For data collection, the AF-5 questionnaire was used for self-concept; EME-E for motivation, REIS for emotional intelligence, and CD-RISC for resilience, in addition to a specific questionnaire for sociodemographic and academic data. (3) Results: The findings show that (a) academic performance was positively related to personal competence and inversely related to self-confidence, with a higher regression weight in students who did not experience adaptations; that (b) there is a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance; that (c) personal competence helped to decrease demotivation in students; and that (d) a positive self-concept acts as a protective factor against demotivation. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, the relevance of educational institutions in the holistic development of young adults is highlighted, ensuring not only academic success but also the emotional and personal well-being of students in a constantly changing world.


Studies on large and rapid mass movements have become a challenging issue in relation to paraglacial and morpho-tectonic evolution of mountain slopes. Rockfalls, rockslides and rock avalanches will be considered here on the basis of selected sites in the French and Swiss Alps and in the Himalayas. The main topics developed relate firstly to the modes of emplacement of, and the internal structures observed in, the body of the runout deposits and the influence of the surface (bedrock, superficial deposits, glacier, lake) over which the propagation takes place. The impacts of these rockslope failures on geomorphic systems (damming effects, storage, control on sediment fluxes) are then considered. Finally, the possible influence of climate change on high-alpine rockwalls, and potential threat to adjacent inhabited areas, are presented.


The features of the technique are considered to ensure the security of control and diagnostic information about technological processes is carried out. As an example, a theoretical and experimental assessment of the component realizing this technique is fulfilled. The component of elimination of incompleteness and inconsistency of data analysis (within the framework of the system of their intelligent analytical processing) is analyzed. This component is assessed in terms of expert knowledge and judgments about the quality of software, based on formulated and substantiated quality indicators, taking into account the functional and other requirements for this component. The generalized integral quality indicator and the general quality class of the component are determined.


Sir—Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is structurallyhomologous to C1q, and low serum MBL has beenshown to cause defective activation of the complementsystem, leading to impaired complement-mediatedclearance of immune complexes, characteristic ofautoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythemato-sus (SLE).


The omni-directional Mobile Inspecting Robot System(MIRS) is a small,man-portable mobile robotic system that can be used for autonomous or semi-autonomous inspection under vehicles in a parking area.The robot features are three omni-directional wheels which both the speed and direction of the wheel can be independently controlled and a vehicle electronic capability that includes multiple processors and a sensor array with a laser,sonar and IR sensors,and a video camera.MIRS employs a novel parameterized command language for intelligent behavior generation.A key feature of the MIRS control system is the use of an object recognition system that fits models to sensor data.These models are then used as input parameters to the motion and behavior control commands.Experiment results show that MIRS integrated with this "online commitment" strategy can recognize common objects in a parking area and behave intelligently in such uncertain environment.


Abstract A small suite of trace fossils from the Zavkhan Basin (Govi-Altay) includes many of the ichnotaxa typical of the Nemakit-Daldynian, Tommotian and younger Cambrian stages, and other indeterminate forms. The traces are almost entirely from the sandstone intervals of the large-scale alternations of carbonate and siliciclastic sediments, thus emphasizing the facies and taphonomic controls on trace fossil distribution, and hence the inherent difficulties in using trace fossils in detailed global correlation, especially in using first appearances. The assemblage of traces and biofabrics is seen as resulting from the partly non-uniformitarian (non-actualistic) sedimentary environments that pertained over the boundary interval, rather than as evolutionary failures and subsequently vacated environments.


The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the entire world has caused a decline in economic activity, including in Indonesia and Lampung Province to a lesser extent. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the latest economic conditions, especially in the identification of the affected sectors and sub-sectors. Regional economic growth is seen through GDP so that it becomes the data needed in this study in the 2015-2020 data period in Lampung Province. The research method used analysis techniques Location Quotient (LQ), Shift-Share, and Typology Klassen to identify sectors and sub-sectors affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in Lampung Province. The results show that several sub-sectors experienced a decline, such as the sub-sector of Machinery and Equipment Industry, Motor Vehicle Trade and Repair, Rail Transport, and Air Transport, which before the pandemic were the base sub-sector to the non-base sub-sector. Shift-share analysis shows the results of an increase in all sectors with the manufacturing sector experiencing greater growth. Klassen's typology analysis shows the results in the form of a shift in the transportation and warehousing sectors into prime sectors and into quadrant1 before entering into quadrant 3, and the information and communication sector experiencing a sector shift to a lagging sector and into quadrant 4.


The 1960 Decade Review did not include, or gave little attention to, sex roles, teenage parenthood, family stress and coping, and violence in the family. Interest in these topics grew during the seventies, and each will form an area of major investigation in the eighties. The dedication of individual scholars has helped to sustain the momentum of research in these areas, but there has also been generous support from federal funding agencies. For example, before 1970, very little research had been carried out concerning social and psychological factors in the lives of teenage parents and their children. This situation changed noticeably during the 1970s because of large-scale funding from the federal government. There was a dramatic rise in teenage childbearing in that same decade, pointing up the necessity for continued research and, of course, for continued funding. In the case of violence and the family, not one article on this subject appeared in the Journal of Marriage and the Family in its first 30 years of publication. The Special Issue, in 1971, may have been the first devoted to family violence by a scholarly journal. Interest in violence and knowledge about specific types of violence, such as child abuse, wife abuse, and ven husband abuse, grew markedly during the seventies, but much of our understanding is still rudimentary. Continued interest and funding will make it possible to develop the conceptual, methodological, and theoretical refinements needed to move the area beyond mere description. Sex-role research has moved from lowlevel empirical generalizations to a conceptual approach, in which sex roles are seen as variables, or as actual preferences that individuals hold regarding behavioral assignm nts. The preferences separate the sexes and generate decision-making processes, sometimes involving conflict and negotiation. This conceptual approach to sex roles as a gender-based, decision-making model serves as a theoretical umbrella to integrate research; it also provides a vehicle to relate macroand micro-level studies and emphasizes the reality of the dynamic relationship between the sexes. Future sex-role research should be designed to observe decisionmaking behavior by couples and to relate such behavior to the partners' sex-role preferences. Also, it is necessary to connect microand macro-level literature on sex roles. Such connections should reveal dynamic gender arrangements, which, in turn, will reflect differences between the sexes and how each sex balances tangible and intangible resources. Further specific research in the 1980s should include investigation of the effects of children on parents' traditional or egalitarian relationships. We have just begun to recognize that children are important determiners of their own behavior as well as the behavior of their *This paper is a condensed version of a presentation given at the plenary session, "A Prescriptive Analysis for the Family Field in the 1980s," at the annual meeting of the National Council on Family Relations, Portland, Oregon (October, 1980). A full-length version of the presentation can be obtained by writing the author.


We present a new scheme for the restoration of faxed images degraded by both salient noise and additive white noise. We consider two fundamental aspects of faxed image restoration: modeling and the restoration algorithm. First, a model of a faxed image is presented. The model is based on an autoregressive Gauss-Markov random field and includes vertical and horizontal overlap effects. In particular, we concentrate on the nonsymmetric half plane causality. Second, the restoration of faxed images degraded by salient noise and additive white noise is considered by 2D Kalman filtering which provides an efficient recursive procedure. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we present experimental results on the restoration of a faxed image.


The structure change of triuranium octaoxide (U3O8) is studied by Xray diffraction in ambient atmosphere at temperature from 25 ℃ to 850 ℃.There are two kinds of phases of U3O8 in the temperature range are studied,and the transformation temperature is about 300 ℃.The lower temperature phase is orthorhombic with space group Amm2,and it changes to another phase with better symmetry around 300 ℃.Another phase,the higher temperature phase,is hexagonal with space group P62m,which is stable from 300 ℃ to 800 ℃.The lattice parameters of XRD peaks of U3O8 are also investigated at different temperature.It is found that they change with the temperature under rules.


The bivariate normal distribution function may be expressed as the product of a marginal normal distribution times a conditional distribution. By approximating this conditional distribution, we obtain a simple method for approximating bivariate normal p..


Both aortic root size and ascending aorta are clinical parameters with significant therapeutic implications which can be easily assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However, measurement values may vary according to cardiac cycle and the edge convention used.

 This study aimed to compare the aortic diameter values measured using the lastest recommendations of two different guidelines, adults and children, to determine the influence of these methods on echocardiographic measurements.

 Two hundred and fifty adult patients (56% male, 63±15 years of age) and 67 children (65% male, 10.04±4.5 years of age) in whom TTE was clinically indicated were included. Aortic diameters were measured twice at 2 levels (sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta): leading edge to leading edge during diastole, (L-L in D) following the 2015 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) adults guidelines and inner edge to inner edge during systole (I-I in S) following the 2010 ASE paediatric guidelines.

 Mean aortic diameters obtained by L-L in D and I-I in S are shown in Table 1. Correlation coefficient was 0.990 (CI95% 0.988–0.992) for sinuses of Valsalva measurements and 0.991 (CI95% 0.989–0.993) for ascending aorta in adult patients and 0.983 (CI95% 0.975–0.973) and 0.970 (CI95% 0.956–0.952) in childrens respectively. When both populations were analysed together, concordance correlation coefficients were 0.991 (CI95% 0.989–0.993) and 0.970 (CI95% 0.991–0.994), respectively. Bland- Altman analysis for each level measured (A: aortic root; B: ascending aorta) in the total cohort of 317 patients is shown in Figure 1. Mean aortic diameters and differences in the whole group are shown in Table 1.

 Measurement of aortic root and ascending aorta showed a significantly larger diameters by L-L in D than by I-I in S. However, these differences had subclinical significance and management implications. These similar diameter values may be used indifferently but systematically during follow-up. Systolic diameter expansion has a similar value to that of anterior aortic wall thickness; however, it is more vulnerable to changes in haemodynamic conditions.
 Figure 1

 Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Vall d'Hebron Research Institute


In study suggested clinical availability to shoulder forced traction method in term of quality of image, the patient`s convenience and stability, according to whether to use of shoulder forced traction bend using computed tomography(CT) that X-ray calibration and various mathematic calibration algorithm application can be applied by AEC. To achieve this, 79 patients is complaining of cervical pain oriented that shoulder forced traction bend use the before and after acquires lateral projection scout image and transverse image. transverse image of a fixed size in concern field of pixel and figure the average HU value compare that quantitative analysis. Artifact and pixel and resolution to qualitative clinical estimation image analysis. the patient feel inconvenience degree that self-diagnosis survey that estimate. As a result, lateral projection scout image if you used shoulder forced traction bend for the depicted has been an increase in the number of a cervical vertebrae. transverse image concern field shoulder forced traction bend use the before and after for pixel and the average HU-value changes was judged to be almost irrelevant. Artifact and resolution and contrast, in qualitative analysis of the results relating the observer to the unusual result. So, the patients of 82.27% complained discomfort that use of shoulder forced traction bend in self-diagnosis survey. No merit of medical image by using of bend from result was analyzed quality of image to quantitative and qualitative method judged. Nowadays, CT is supplied possible revision of quality of radiation by reduction of slice and automatic exposure controller, etc and application of preconditioning filter process due to various mathematic revision algorithm. So, image noise by beam hardening artifact should not be a problem. shoulder forced traction bend of use no longer judged clinically availability because have not influence of image quality and give discomfort, have extra dangerousness.


Globalization has amplified interdependence among nations, creating an increasing need for leaders to function in a variety of cultures. Leaders face ever-expanding complexities and challenges, many of which include ethical dimensions. Lapses in ethical leadership in recent decades have resulted in the destruction of companies and harm to individuals, societies, and economies. Although many leadership theories have been offered to date, scholars and practitioners still search for answers to failed leadership. A recent theoretical construct of ethical leadership has been proposed that may offer a solution (Brown, Trevino, & Harrison, 2004; Trevino, Brown, & Hartman, 2003). This chapter addressed these issues by exploring ethical leadership as a viable theory that may be considered for use across cultures. Research consisted of interviews with experienced international managers who also held MBA degrees. The results led to recommendations for international managers in leadership positions as well as directions for future research.


The influence of different nitrogen supply and light intensity under solution culture on root characteristic and carbon metabolism of two rice varieties,Liangyoupei-9(V1)and Shanyou-63(V2),were studied.Under high light intensity condition,total root length,root tips,root surface area,root volume,root dry weight,shoot dry weight,root/shoot and total dry weight of the two varieties increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen level.Under low high light condition,these indexes of Liangyoupei-9 changed the same as that under high light intensity,but that of Shanyou-63 dropped continuously.Under two kinds of light condition,plant height,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the two rice varieties increased at first then dropped with the increasing of nitrogen level,whereas the plant height under low light condition,chlorophyll content and tiller number under high light conditions of V2 increased gradually.Except for the starch in V1,which dropped firstly then increased under low light condition the content of soluble sugar and soluble starch in the two rice varieties dropped gradually uner high light condition.All indexes but plant height under low light condition are lower than those under high light condition.


ATM networks provide end-to-end QoS guarantees to connections for their lifetime in the form of bounds on delays, errors and losses. Performance management involves measurement of these parameters accurately and taking control measures, if required, to improve performance. This is very important for real time connections in which losses are irrecoverable and delays cause interruptions in service. In this paper, an intelligent management architecture and an information ow model for performance management proposed in the literature is reviewed. A brief description of the related ITU-T standard for performance monitoring is given and several schemes for measurement or estimation of QoS parameters are documented. Future work required in the area is also presented in the last section.


We demonstrate an effective approach of mode suppression by simply using a tungsten probe to destroy the external neck surface of polymer microbottle resonators. The higher-order bottle modes with large axial orders, spatially located around the neck surface of the microresonator, will suffer large optical losses. Thus, excitation just with an ordinary free-space light beam will ensure direct generation of single fundamental bottle mode lasers. This method is with very low cost and convenient and can obtain high side-mode suppression factors. Our work demonstrated here may have promising applications such as in lasing and sensing devices.


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dry period lnghts (DPLs) on the udder health and fertility during the subsequent lactation. The impact of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) on the reproductive efficiency were also investigated. Holstein-Friesian cows (n=894) were included in the study of udder health, of which only multiparous cows (n=499) were included in the investigation of the impact of different DPLs on the udder health and reproductive efficacy in the subsequent lactation. Cows were classified according to the DPLs into 3 groups: Short (SDPL, 60 d). A limit of 200,000 somatic cell/mL milk was established to separate between healthy and mastitic udder status. Accordingly, samples with 500,000-1,000,000 cell/ml were referred to cows affected with SCM and samples with >1,000,000 cells/ml were mentioned to cows affected with CM. A higher proportion of infected udder was detected in cows with LDPL (39.19%) Moreover, a higher proportion of SCM was recorded for cows with LDPL (17.57%) compared with that recorded for cows with SDPL (8.0%) and TDPL (6.13%). A higher proportion of CM was recorded for cows with a long dry period (LDP, 8.11%) compared with that recorded for cows with SDPL (4.0%) or with TDPL (4.8%). Cows with SDPL showed the best intervals reproductive indices compared with that recorded for both TDPL and LDPL. Furthermore, LDPL was found to be associated with significantly lower CR (33.11±2.91%), lower PR (50.39±3.97%) and higher NSPC (1.98±0.37) compared with values that recorded for either SDPL or TDPL. Cows with either SCM or CM showed the longest interval reproductive indices, less CR and PR and number of inseminations to become pregnant compared with healthy udder cows. A lower proportion of affected udder was recorded for Primiparous cow (24.3%) compared with that showed by multiparous cows (32.46%). Cows affected with mastitis during the voluntary waiting period (VWP) showed longer intervals to the first detected estrus and first services while those affected during the service period (SP) showed longer calving to conception intervals, lower CR and lower PR especially when the SCC exceed 500,000 cell/ml milk. Cows experienced udder infection during the SP showed the lowest PR (32.54% & 36.44%) and required more NSPC. In conclusion, a significant linkage among different dry period lengths and both the incidence of mastitis and fertility were recorded, with the best results were recorded for cows with TDPL and SDPL. Extending the dry period above 60 days increased the incidence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis and exerted a negative impact on the reproductive performance. The occurrence of mammary infection during the VWP increased the calving to first estrus and first service intervals, while its occurrence during the SP prolonged the days open, and extremely reduced the conception and pregnancy rates.


Cirot Georges. Abu Muhammad Alī ibn-Hazm al-Andalusī, translated by A. R. Nykl, A Book containing the Risāla known as The Dove's Neck- Ring, about Love and Lovers,. In: Bulletin Hispanique, tome 34, n°2, 1932. pp. 167-168.


The possible link between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PO) has been a subject of interest and debate for some time. Dating back to the first comprehensive clinical review ofET in 1949,1 there has been discussion regarding the possibility of a relationship between these two tremor disorders, with clinicians observing that ET patients have a tendency over time to develop PD. 2.3Interestingly, the converse does not seem to occur (i.e., PO patients developing ET). 2.3The co-occurrence of the two tremor disorders within the same families is also well-documented.4


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the boundedness and persistence of the solutions, the global stability of the unique positive equilibrium point and the rate of convergence of solutions of the system of two difference equations which contains exponential terms: xn+1 = a+ e−(bxn+cyn) d+ bxn + cyn , yn+1 = α+ e−(βxn+γyn) δ + βxn + γyn , where the parameters a, b, c, d, α, β, γ, δ and the initial values x0, y0 are positive real numbers. Furthermore, we give some numerical examples to illustrate our theoretical results.


Objective To analyse the difference between stage Ⅰ pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and stage Ⅰ adenocarcinoma of the lung among operative cases.Methods We use the "Lobectomy Cases Registration and Statistics System" database (2006-2011) to compare the epidemiology,clinical presentation,image characteristics,surgical outcomes,recurrence and overall survival between BAC and adenocarcinoma groups.All the patients received lobectomy procedure in the department of thoracic surgery of Peking University People' s Hospital.Results Excluding those cases with both BAC and adenocarcinoma aspects,337 patients were enrolled.Thirty-nine patients were stage Ⅰ pure BAC and 298 patients were stage Ⅰadenocarcinoma.BAC has its proper clinical spectrum,occurring more frequently in women (69.2% vs.52.0%,P =0.042)and in younger patients (57.4 vs.61.8,P =0.014).BAC also seems to be less dependent on tobacco exposure (12.8% vs.29.9%,P =0.026).The percentage of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in CT scan of BAC patients was much more than that registered in adenocarcinoma patients (35.9% vs.9.7%,P <0.001).And the tumor size of BAC group was smaller than that of the adenocarcinoma group (1.4 cm vs.2.3 cm,P <0.001).The operation method,time,blood loss and complications were similar between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that both 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients affected by BAC (100% vs.76.1%,P =0.030 and 100% vs.86.1%,P =0.041).Conclusion BAC presents specificity in its epidemical,clinical,radiological and evolutionary aspects.Stage Ⅰ pure BAC patients have better prognosis following video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and system lymph node dissection than the similar stage adenocarcinoma patients.

Key words:
Adenocarcinoma, bronchiolo alveolar; Thoracic surgery,video-assisted; Lung neoplasms; Adenocacinoma; Pneumonectormy


Abstract : A study has been made of ion-electron distributions for a hypersonic vehicle with a 10-degree semivertex, sharply pointed cone at Mach 8 and 10 for sea-level flight. The report is concerned specifically with computational aspects of the ion-electron-distribution equations involved. The equations to be solved are presented to describe the transformations required to simplify their numerical solution. The computational aspects include: transformations to simplify the solutions of the equations; linearization of the equations to permit use of matrix methods, derivation of small-value, asymptotic solutions, and a computer program.


In a recent article in this journal Daghmouri et al.1 report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of bilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Wind turbines installed nearby the means of Navigation (VOR) and Surveillance (primary and
secondary radars) operated by Civil Aviation impact their performance by degrading the precision of
localization and being a source of fake information.

French regulations oblige wind project developers to get the authorization of the Civil Aviation for
any wind farm located within a limited distance fixed by decree according to the equipment
concerned.

In the absence of a simple simulation tool that can be used by a non-specialist, the notices
elaborated by Civil Aviation services are based on an estimation of the risks of disturbance of the air
traffic picture provided to the air traffic controllers. This approach is based on technical and
operational criteria taking into account the average levels of diffracted power, the nature of the
impacted spaces and the density of traffic that evolves there.


A method of applying galvanically deposited functional layers (3) of iron (5) on components (1) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in which the surface (4) of the component cleaned in a solution, is then etched in a solution, wherein aluminum or aluminum and near-surface alloy components are dissolved, the etched surface is rinsed with water, the surface (4) in a solution of 50-500 g / l ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in water at a pH between 0.5 and 2 , 5 by means of anodic switching of the component (1) is activated with a direct current density of 2 to 20 a / dm


Abstract A perpetual motion machine driven by buoyancy is presented. We see that it does not quite work, and we also discuss how it would move in reality. Debunking the trick behind most such machines is a nice exercise in exact and non-exact differentials.


This Note proposes a set of reforms that address the problem of systematic bias in mandatory arbitration. Until now, mandatory arbitration literature has focused largely on the pros and cons of the practice rather than on solutions to improve this form of dispute resolution. This Note seeks to shift the debate by showing how institution-level protections can preserve both fairness and efficiency in mandatory arbitration. I argue that the best means of enforcement would be to create a cause of action that enables government prosecutors to bring suit to impose monetary penalties on systematically biased arbitration providers and the businesses who hire them. The threat of such litigation, combined with mandatory data disclosure, will incentivize negotiated self-regulation and result in fairer practices. Because individuals will not be able to appeal their specific arbitration decisions under this system, mandatory arbitration's central advantage of efficiency will be preserved. AUTHOR. Yale Law School, J.D. expected 2012; Yale University, B.S. 2007. Thanks are due to Taylor Asen for first introducing me to the problems posed by mandatory arbitration and for the discussions this Note grew out of. I am also grateful to the attorneys I worked with at the San Francisco City Attorney's Office, and to Nicholas Parrillo, Heather Gerken, Judith Resnik, Andrew Verstein, Talia Kraemer, William Moccia, Daniel Hemel, Nicholas Walter, and The Yale Law Journal staff for providing extremely helpful comments and suggestions. I also thank Rachael Doud for her constant advice and support.


This paper deals with a methodology for the design of a permanent magnet motor dedicated for traction. Several structures to reduce the permanent magnet motor production cost are explored. The most promising is an axial flux modular structure with straight slots and concentrated windings. Optimisation procedures are presented and applied to find these structures. An analytic dimensioning step is carried out simultaneously with a finite element electromagnetic modelling step so as to validate gradually the computational analysis. Then, a fine-tuned finite element model is realised dynamically so as to validate wave forms that depend strongly on the machine geometry as well as on the electromagnetic motor torque. This study has allowed the entire validation of the analytic sizing computations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper,we establish a kind of new integral inequalities,which extend some known results.Using our inequalities,the boundedness and asymptotic properties on the solutions of certain integral equations are discussed.


The cyclic current–potential curve for a well-defined Ru(0001) surface in 0.1 M HClO4 solution clearly exhibits hydrogen and O/OH adsorption peaks at − 0.15 and 0.25 V, respectively. The coulometric charge of the current peak at − 0.15 V equals 120 μC cm−2
 corresponding to 0.5 monolayer (ML) H coverage. Both voltammetric peaks disappear completely by the CO electrosorption at − 0.1 V, demonstrating that the electrosorbed CO completely blocks H adsorption. The disappeared H adsorption current peak due to the electrosorbed CO corresponds to a CO saturated coverage of 0.5 ML on Ru(0001) in good agreement with the coulometric data determined by the current transient of CO electrooxidation. The coverage of the electrosorbed CO also agrees well with the data obtained for the coadsorption system CO + O/Ru(0001) under UHV conditions. At 0.4 V no CO electrosorption takes place on a (1 × 1)-O/Ru(0001) surface in a CO-saturated
 HClO4 solution similarly as with CO adsorption on a (1 × 1)-O/Ru(0001) surface under UHV conditions. On the other hand, the coadsorption of COad with Oad at 0 V gives rise to a well-ordered (2 × 2)-(O + 2CO) structure similar to that observed from the coadsorption of CO and O on Ru(0001) under UHV conditions. No
 CO electrooxidation occurs at 0.45 V for the coadsorbed CO and O on Ru(0001) electrode surface. Up to 0.55
 V the CO oxidation rate increases markedly with increasing potential in good agreement with our previous in situ
 IR results. The driving force for the CO electrochemical reaction is attributed to the decrease in the activiation barrier for CO oxidation by the polarization potential.


Background: Venipuncture is described by children as one of the most painful and frightening medical procedures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) as a distraction technique to help control pain in children and adolescents undergoing venipuncture. Methods: Using a within-subjects design, fifteen patients (mean age 10.92, SD = 2.64) suffering from oncological or hematological diseases received one venipuncture with "No VR" and one venipuncture with "Yes VR" on two separate days (treatment order randomized). "Time spent thinking about pain", "Pain Unpleasantness", "Worst pain" the quality of VR experience, fun during the venipuncture and nausea were measured. Results: During VR, patients reported significant reductions in "Time spent thinking about pain," "Pain unpleasantness," and "Worst pain". Patients also reported significantly more fun during VR, and reported a "Strong sense of going inside the computer-generated world" during VR. No side effects were reported. Conclusion: VR can be considered an effective distraction technique for children and adolescents' pain management during venipuncture. Moreover, VR may elicit positive emotions, more than traditional distraction techniques. This could help patients cope with venipuncture in a non-stressful manner. Additional research and development is needed.


A method is presented for the theoretical calculation of the logarithmic volume derivatives of the three superconducting state parameters, the phonon interaction parameter, the coulomb pseudopotential, and the energy renormalization parameter. The two representative cases of lead and aluminium have been studied. The initial linear drop of Tc when plotted against change in volume, which is experimentally observed fact, is theoretically confirmed.

Eine Methode zur theoretischen Berechnung der logarithmischen Volumenableitungen der drei Supraleitungszustandsparameter, des Phononen-Wechselwirkungsparameters, des Coulomb-Pseudopotentials und des Energie-Renormierungsparameters, wird angegeben. Die beiden reprasentativen Falle Blei und Aluminium wurden untersucht. Der lineare Anfangsabfall von Tc als Funktion der Volumenanderung, der eine experimentell beobachtete Tatsache ist, wird theoretisch erklart.


Ticks are bloodsucking arachnids that parasitize domestic animals and a diversity of wild animals in terrestrial environments of the planet. This study reports the occurrence of hard ticks on wild animals from the countryside of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, which were forwarded to the Sorocaba zoo. During the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016, using taxonomic keys, ticks were collected from naturally infested wild animals that were sent to the zoo, and were taxonomically identified in the laboratory. In total, 675 tick specimens were identified into 14 different tick species, collected from one reptile specimen, four birds and 31 mammal specimens, totaling 17 different species of wild animals. This work reports for the first time Amblyomma sculptum adults parasitizing Phrynops geoffroanus and Rhea americana and nymphs of the same species on Urubitinga coronata, in addition to Amblyomma parkeri nymph on Spizaetus tyrannus, and Amblyomma brasiliense nymph on Mazama gouazoubira in Brazil. In this study, three main tick vectors of spotted fever ricketsioses in Brazil were found, namely Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma ovale e A. sculptum, showing that zoos are efficient research centers for screening and investigation of tick diversity.


We develop a statistical test on the expected difference in age estimates of two coeval stars in detached double-lined eclipsing binary systems that are only caused by observational uncertainties. We focus on stars in the mass range [0.8; 1.6] Msun, and on stars in the main-sequence phase. The ages were obtained by means of the maximum-likelihood SCEPtER technique. The observational constraints used in the recovery procedure are stellar mass, radius, effective temperature, and metallicity [Fe/H]. We defined the statistic W computed as the ratio of the absolute difference of estimated ages for the two stars over the age of the older one. We determined the critical values of this statistics above which coevality can be rejected. The median expected difference in the reconstructed age between the coeval stars of a binary system -- caused alone by the observational uncertainties -- shows a strong dependence on the evolutionary stage. This ranges from about 20% for an evolved primary star to about 75% for a near ZAMS primary. The median difference also shows an increase with the mass of the primary star from 20% for 0.8 Msun stars to about 50% for 1.6 Msun stars. The reliability of these results was checked by repeating the process with a grid of stellar models computed by a different evolutionary code. We show that the W test is much more sensible to age differences in the binary system components than the alternative approach of comparing the confidence interval of the age of the two stars. We also found that the distribution of W is, for almost all the examined cases, well approximated by beta distributions. The proposed method improves upon the techniques that are commonly adopted for judging the coevality of an observed system. It also provides a result founded on reliable statistics that simultaneously accounts for all the observational uncertainties.


Ackrill, J. L. Aristotle's Ethics. Faber and Faber. 1973. Pp. 279. £2.25 paper. Acton, H. B. The Illusion of the Epoch. Marxism-Leninism as a Philosophical Creed. Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1973. Pp. viii and 278. £1.50 paper. Ajdukiewicz, K. Problems and Theories of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 1973. Pp. xxiii and 170. £2.90. Ayer, A. J. The Central Questions of Philosophy. Weidenfeld and Nicholson. 1973. Pp. x and 243. £3.50. Ayer, A. J. Probability and Evidence. Macmillan. 1973. Pp. 144. £1.50 paper. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Vol. XLVII 1973. Methuen and Co. 1973. Pp. 225. £3.00. Baelz, Peter. Christian Obedience in a Permissive Context. (John Coffin Memorial Lecture.) The Athlone Press. 1973. Pp. 27. 45P. Barry, Brian. The Liberal Theory of Justice. Oxford University Press. 1973. Pp. x and 168. £3.25. £1.00 paper. Bauman, Z. Culture as Praxis. Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1973. Pp. 198.


Distillation is a commonly used separation technique in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries. However, there are a number of potential separations involving azetropic and close-boiling organic mixtures that cannot be separated efficiently by distillation. Pervaporation is a membrane-based process that uses selective permeation through membranes to separate liquid mixtures. Because the separation process is not affected by the relative volatility of the mixture components being separated, pervaporation can be used to separate azetropes and close-boiling mixtures. Our results showed that pervaporation membranes can be used to separate azeotropic mixtures efficiently, a result that is not achievable with simple distillation. The membranes were 5--10 times more permeable to one of the components of the mixture, concentrating it in the permeate stream. For example, the membrane was 10 times more permeable to ethanol than methyl ethyl ketone, producing 60% ethanol permeate from an azeotropic mixture of ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone containing 18% ethanol. For the ethyl acetate/water mixture, the membranes showed a very high selectivity to water (> 300) and the permeate was 50--100 times enriched in water relative to the feed. The membranes had permeate fluxes on the order of 0.1--1 kg/m{sup 2}{center_dot}h in the operating range ofmore » 55--70{degrees}C. Higher fluxes were obtained by increasing the operating temperature.« less


The technical application of offensive players without the ball has important effect for a basketball team to take the initiatives and to win the game in modern matches. Thus this thesis studies the technical gists and essential qualitative elements which are applied by offensive players without the ball, and the five main points about the tech- nical application are arrived at by analysis and synthesis: First, strong desire of offensive and skilled strategy; sec- ond, the abilities of meeting an emergency; Third, the offensive target; Fourth, timely cooperation; Finally, the intimate connection between personal attack and team cooperation. Four essential elements of quality formation are given through analysis and synthesis too: to emphasize and improve movement quality; to master the gist of catching a ball; to be good at using fakes; and to stress the cooperation. only by understanding the essential elements and gist in practice can the player destroy the opponent's balance, make screen assists easily and carry on personal of- fense efficiently. Therefore the attacking abilities applied by the offensive players without the ball can be more effec- tive.


Abstract The aim of this field based study was to examine the efficacy of three different interventions on participants matched by degree of debilitative cognitive anxiety. Participants completed a composite version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which assessed both intensity and direction (debilitative-facilitative) of state anxiety, within one hour of a competitive Invasion Game. Four matched groups were established and given the following different treatments; Cognitive-Affective Stress Management (multimodal) (n = 10), Positive Thought Control (unimodal compatible)(n = 10), Applied Relaxation (unimodal non-compatible) (n = 10) and placebo tasks were given to the Control Group (n = 11). Following the six-week interventions the participants were again assessed before a second competitive Invasion Game. A series of two-way analyses of variance (group and event) with repeated measures on the second factor, indicated some treatments to be more effective than others. The multimodal in...


In order to study the influence of grain dimension on microforming process at room temperature,micro forward extrusion process with micro copper rods with different grain sizes were proceeded,and the characteristics of material flow in micro dimension as well as relevant processing parameters were obtained.The results indicate that,with the increase of grain size,the extruded rod length becomes gradually irregular and the unit pressure of upper die decreases,while the change of grain dimension has less influence on the tendency of forming load at different forming stages.


The present invention relates to a signal transmission method voice / data between a base unit (1), such as a telephone terminal and a secondary unit (2), the computer kind, digital reader / recorder ... or an intermediate device (3) transmitter / receiver including transmitter / Bluetooth receiver, using a connection (4), said secondary device (2) or said intermediate apparatus (3) comprising at least one charge accumulator (5) for its power supply, characterized in that said connection (4) has two operating modes: a first mode in which it allows charging said charge accumulator (5) and transmitting voice signals / data and a second mode in which it can only transmit voice / data signals. The present invention also relates to a connection (4) for the implementation of the method as well as a sub unit (2) or intermediate (3) having a connection (4) for the implementation of the method.


Objective To study the role of cycloheximide inducting hepatocyte apoptosis in mouse. Methods The hepatocyte apoptosis was studied with agarose gel electrophoresis,flow cytometry,transmitting electron microscopy,fluorescence labeling of alive cells and staining with H and E. Results (1)After injecting CHX with dose of 2.0 mg/kg for1 hour,the typical apoptosis was appeared.Alive hepatocytes were differintiated from apoptotic cells after stained with ethidium bromide (EB) and acidine orange (AO), and observed with fluorescence microscopy.The pathological characteristics of apoptotic hypatocytes were that the nucleus of hepatocyte became small and dark blue,and apoptotic bodies appeared after stained with H and E.The volume of apoptotic cells became small and nucleus irregular,in the ultrastructure.(2)The results of electrophoresis showed that clear ladder" DNA extracted from liver tissue of mouse were observed.(3)The results of flow cytometry showed that after giving CHX with 2.0 mg/kg for 1 hour,AP peak was appeared.The rate of apoptosis was increased and DNA content of apoptotic cells was decreased along with increased doses of CHX in prolonged time.(4)The expressivity of C myc gene increased and bcl 2 decrease according to increaseing doses of CHX and prolonging time for which CHX was injected. Conclution CHX could rapidly induce hepatocyte apoptosis in mouse,the expressivity of C myc gene increased and bcl 2 gene reduced during apoptosis period and there was a defintie lnear relationship between rate of the apoptosis and the dose of CHX and time of CHX effecting.


A spectral weighting function describing the wavelength dependency of the photoproduction of Fe(II) in Antarctic seawater was established. The strong wavelength‐dependent photoproduction of Fe(II) from amorphous ferric hydroxides can be described as an exponential function: ɛ(λ) = 3.57 · 103 · e−0.02(λ−300). Solar spectra recorded during the 2000 Antarctic ozone depletion season were used to demonstrate that daily and seasonal variability of the ultraviolet A (UVA: 315–400 nm) and the visible part of the light spectrum (VIS: 400–700 nm) dominates Fe(II) production rates in surface waters (respectively >60% and about 30%) and in the water column. Although ultraviolet B (UVB: 280–315 nm) is the most effective wavelength region for Fe(II) photoproduction, the impact of UVB was small due to the relatively low flux of UVB into the ocean surface waters. However, the impact of UVB did indeed increase significantly from 3.54 to 6.15 % during the austral ozone minimum.


Phase unwrapping for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) remains a challenge due to the presence of speckle noise and temporal decorrelation in many interferograms. This paper proposes a polynomial-based region-growing phase unwrapping (PBRGPU) approach that is built on the region-growing phase unwrapping (RGPU) approach in Xu and Cumming (Xu and Cumming. 1996. A region growing algorithm for insar phase unwrapping. IGARSS 96. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 31–31 May 1996. Lincoln, NE, USA. doi: 10.1109/igarss.1996.516883 ). The proposed approach iteratively performs phase unwrapping at the edges of multiple seeded regions using a least-squares polynomial phase prediction, which allows for the use of statistically rigorous quality assurance to remove low quality pixels from further processing. Here, a user-specified statistical confidence interval is more intuitive to users than the threshold parameters used by other algorithms. The proposed approach is currently the only phase unwrapping approach to take this strategy with its quality assurance. The proposed approach was found to improve upon the solution quality of the RGPU approach, in some cases achieving a tenfold decrease in root-mean-square error for simulated data. The PBRGPU approach performed well when applied to RADARSAT-2 data collected over Polar Bear Provincial Park (Ontario, Canada). The PBRGPU solutions were consistently on par with or superior to those generated by SNAPHU in terms of accuracy. While the PBRGPU approach does lag behind SNAPHU in terms of the domain of the solution, with SNAPHU unwrapping a significantly larger portion of the interferogram in all test cases, this issue could readily be mitigated through post-processing of the unwrapped interferogram. The proposed approach provides a solid foundation for region-growing algorithms that adapt to local noise levels and integrate all available information rather than relying on preprocessing strategies.


Objective Observing the results of hair removal by lightsheer Laser and influencing factors of therapy times, energy and target position. Methods 1?359 cases were observed. Therapy using Lightsheer Laser at 800?nm,10~40?J/cm 2, 9?mm×9?mm spot size. Shaving hair and then increase the fluence step by step until hair damage. The interval between treatments was 2 months. Therapy times, energy, position and color, length, density, thickness of hair were recorded in detail. Results Satisfactory results were obtained in 1?359 cases. New hair rebirth after laser treatment were less and delayed. Rebirthing hair was slender and thin with less color. Different times and fluence were needed in different position. Conclusion Hair removal by Lightsheer laser can give good result with simple operation and less damage. The effects have correlated with therapy times and position at appropriate fluence.


Background: Apart from parents reluctance towards childrens early eye-care, government eye care services are costly, few ophthalmologists are in place, yet people suffering from eye infections are increasing. This study aimed to explore the response of parents towards exposing their children with eye health conditions to early eye care services, the efficiency of eye care services offered and the costs involved in accessing eye care services. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with in-depth interview. Conducted in Mubende, Uganda, from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 12 informants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi structured interviews from 12 participants involving children with eye health conditions and one (1) ophthalmic Officer (OCO). Investigator triangulation method was used whereby each participant was interviewed by more than one investigator as a way of obtaining several differing opinions concerning issues in question. The transcribed data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The findings indicated that, parental responsibility for children with eye health conditions for early assessment, diagnosis and treatment was generally lacking among fathers than among mothers. Poverty, illiteracy and ignorance among parents, use of traditional herbal treatment of eyes often resulted in serious consequences. Regarding efficiency, there were a lot of hardships in accessing the eye care services due to limited eye care centres, inadequate skilled or specialized personnel and irregular attendance by medical staff in government eye-care centres. The eye health care services were found to be expensive and unaffordable by the community. Conclusion: The study concluded that overall, opportunities for visual assessment, diagnosis and treatment for children with eye health conditions in Mubende District were generally limited. Comprehensive eye care services that covers every member of the community are highly recommended.


Medical salvage therapies for severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) such as cyclosporine or infliximab have yielded poor or inconclusive long-term results to date.1 Visilizumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody binds to CD3-positive activated human T lymphocytes, which are believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.2 Plevy et al3 recently sought to determine the safety, biological activity, and maximum tolerated dose of visilizumab in hospitalized patients with severe UC refractory to at least 5 days of intravenous corticosteroids. Originally, a phase 1 dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of visilizumab was planned, with patients receiving 2 intravenous boluses on consecutive days of visilizumab commencing at doses of 15 g/kg and increasing in additional patients to 120 g/kg per dose. However, dose-limiting toxicity in the form of delayed T-cell recovery to longer than 30 days was seen in 2 of the first 8 patients. Subsequently, the protocol was amended to a dose de-escalation design and a further 24 patients received visilizumab at a dose of 10 g/kg. Concomitant aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, and corticosteroids were permitted and patients were transitioned to oral steroids and tapered at the investigator's discretion after the second dose of visilizumab. Disease activity was assessed by the Modified Truelove and Witts Severity Index (MTWSI) and the Mayo score, although the latter was only added and obtained retrospectively after a signal of endoscopic improvement was demonstrated in initial study subjects. Patients with high Epstein– Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels were excluded, given an association with EBV reactivation and lymphoproliferative disorders in transplant patients receiving anti-T-cell antibodies, and absolute counts of major lymphocyte subsets were obtained throughout the study. Thirty-two patients received 2 doses of open-label visilizumab after a median of 7 days of intravenous steroids. Eight patients received 15 g/kg, of which 2 had delayed T-cell recovery, necessitating a protocol amendment after which the subsequent 24 patients all received the study drug at doses of 10 g/kg. Almost all patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, although none were life-threatening and no patients discontinued the study due to drug side effects. Despite prehydration and premedication, 88% of patients experienced an adverse event due to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS), with the most common symptoms being chills, nausea, headache, pyrexia, and fatigue. CRS was more common in patients who received 15 g/kg visilizumab (100%) versus the 10 g/kg dose (83%), and was more frequent after the first (84%) compared to the second (53%) dose. Most CRS symptoms were mild to moderate and more than three-quarters resolved within 24 hours. Thirty-four percent of patients developed an infectious complication. These were more common in the higher dose group (50% versus 29%), but all were mild–moderate and responded to outpatient treatment. Visilizumab treatment resulted in a rapid drop in all CD3 , CD4 , and CD8 T-cell subsets within hours of dosing in all patients, but these recovered in the majority of patients after a median of 15 days. Peripheral T-cell reduction was associated with a transient elevation of EBV DNA levels in most patients in the 2 weeks following visilizumab administration but these resolved without clinical sequelae in all cases. Clinically, by day 30 84% of patients achieved a clinical response (MTWSI 10 with a minimum decrease of 3 points) and 41% were in clinical remission (MTWSI 4 points). Results were superior in the 15 g/kg group compared to the 10 g/kg group for both response (100% versus 79%, respectively) and remission (62.5% versus 33%, respectively), although formal statistical comparisons between the groups were not performed. The median time to response was 16 days for both groups. Baseline and day 30 Mayo endoscopic subscores were obtainable for 27 patients, with all patients having a score of 2 or 3 at screening. The overall endoscopic remission rate at day 30 was 55%, with 83.3% of patients in the 15 g/kg group achieving endoscopic remission compared to 47.8% in the 10 g/kg group. Corticosteroid-sparing effects, determined retrospectively only in those patients that responded to visilizumab, were demonstrated in 44% of responders who tapered completely off steroids by day 60. In terms of duration of response, at 1 year 10/22 (45%) of patients had not required medical salvage therapies or colectomy, although 9 patients were lost to follow-up and Copyright © 2008 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc. DOI 10.1002/ibd.20455 Published online 28 March 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com).


This thesis summarizes theoretical knowledge of the media, internet, social network and law. Showing the media and transformation after invention of the Internet and demonstrates changes in society partially affected by social networks. Thesis focuses on most used social networks specifically about birth and development, user interface or other options. Basic information's are extended about facts like numbers of users, the activities, expansion, current trends, popularity and others. Due to big volume of shared data and information, thesis also marginally suggests the marketing strategy and give some practical examples. The second part of thesis is focused on the description of the legislation at the national level with some examples from the local and European area. Last part of theses contribute own investigation primarily focused on social networking and violation of individual rights. The result is few personal experiences with unlawful acts, supported by great willingness to solve problems but lack of knowledge and motivation don't lead to a successful conclusion. Fact as sacrifice some part of privacy for the privilege to use social networks is also normal.


In this paper, we develop a model of a snake-like robot consisting of n rigid links and propose several control strategies to achieve smooth undulative locomotion and position control. The model is based on nonholonomic velocity conditions that arise from non-slipping assumption about the wheels. Singular postures of the robot are analyzed and they are taken in account while deriving the control law. The control strategies are based on Lyapunov method and on constraining the trace of the snake's head into some kind of serpenoid trace, respectively. The later method is also applied for a simple tracking control method.


Existing greybox fuzzers mainly utilize program coverage as the goal to guide the fuzzing process. To maximize their outputs, coverage-based greybox fuzzers need to evaluate the quality of seeds properly, which involves making two decisions: 1) which is the most promising seed to fuzz next (seed prioritization), and 2) how many efforts should be made to the current seed (power scheduling). In this paper, we present our fuzzer, Cerebro, to address the above challenges. For the seed prioritization problem, we propose an online multi-objective based algorithm to balance various metrics such as code complexity, coverage, execution time, etc. To address the power scheduling problem, we introduce the concept of input potential to measure the complexity of uncovered code and propose a cost-effective algorithm to update it dynamically. Unlike previous approaches where the fuzzer evaluates an input solely based on the execution traces that it has covered, Cerebro is able to foresee the benefits of fuzzing the input by adaptively evaluating its input potential. We perform a thorough evaluation for Cerebro on 8 different real-world programs. The experiments show that Cerebro can find more vulnerabilities and achieve better coverage than state-of-the-art fuzzers such as AFL and AFLFast.


This brief presents a multimodal neural activity monitoring system consisting of a double-high-pass-filter-based electrical-recording front-end and a fluorescence-recording front-end. The proposed electrical-recording circuit based on double high-pass filters is implemented by placing a narrow-band buffer in the feedback path of the low-noise and programmable-gain amplifiers so that low-frequency artifacts can be sufficiently suppressed during the electrical and fluorescence recording. The implemented system successfully measures the electrical signals and calcium ions <italic>in vivo</italic> for studying heterogeneous cell populations. For electrical recording, the front-end consumes the power of 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/channel and achieves the input-referred noise of 2.9 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The high-pass cutoff frequency can be programmed from sub-1 Hz to about 300 Hz using the function of double high-pass filtering. For fluorescence recording, the front-end consumes the power of 10.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/block and occupies the area of 0.18 mm2/block.


This preprint is a complement to a preceding article. Since error-squaring exaggerates the influence of outliers in the linear least square method, a more natural procedure to avoid mutual cancellation of errors would be taking absolute values of errors instead. However, such a choice would prevent using differential calculus. It is then suggested that calculus be replaced by an algorithm which selects the best line from a set of random-generated lines. The proposal has been tested with an experimental algorithm written in Python language and found to work well.


The problem of figure‐ground segmentation is of great importance in both video editing and visual perception tasks. Classical video segmentation algorithms approach the problem from one of two perspectives. At one extreme, global approaches constrain the camera motion to simplify the image structure. At the other extreme, local approaches estimate motion in small image regions over a small number of frames and tend to produce noisy signals that are difficult to segment. With recent advances in image segmentation showing that sparse information is often sufficient for figure‐ ground segmentation it seems surprising then that with the extra temporal information of video, an unconstrained automatic figure‐ground segmentation algorithm still eludes the research community. In this paper we present an automatic video segmentation algorithm that is intermediate between these two extremes and uses spatiotemporal features to regularize the segmentation. Detecting spatiotemporal T-junctions that indicate occlusion edges, we learn an occlusion edge model that is used within a colour contrast sensitive MRF to segment individual frames of a video sequence. T-junctions are learnt and classified using a support vector machine and a Gaussian mixture model is fitted to the (foreground, background) pixel pairs sampled from the detected T-junctions. Graph cut is then used to segment each frame of the video showing that sparse occlusion edge information can automatically initialize the video segmentation problem.


Abstract : This final report summarizes research on deformation and fracture models for sea ice. In many cases results are compared with those for freshwater ice. Described first is work on modeling of primary creep for relatively short loading histories, studies on the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics to polycrystalline freshwater and sea ice, and finally a study on stress-transmission in polycrystals undergoing grain boundary sliding. Next, emphasis is on characterization of time-dependent deformation behavior of ice from short to very long-time behavior. This behavior requires the use of models that account for broad spectrum viscoelasticity. Linear viscoelasticity theory is used first in order to develop an understanding of how single-crystal creep produces broad-spectrum behavior of polycrystals through the mechanical interaction of single crystals. Guided by these results and then nonequilibrium thermodynamic principles, nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations are developed that make direct use of creep compliances predicted from the linear theory of polycrystals. While only theoretical work has been done on this grant, experimental data provided by others have been used to verify some of the predictions. Comparison of theory and experiment appears in some of the publications.


A rat monoclonal antibody, YBM/42, directed against mouse leukocyte common antigen, was used for the analysis and separation of hemopoietic progenitor cells from mouse bone marrow and fetal liver. Cells were fractionated on a FACS‐II cell sorter and the resulting subpopulations examined for their morphology and ability to form colonies in agar (for day 7 colonies) and methylcellulose (for day 2 erythroid clones). The antibody bound to all leukocytes, including blast cells and day 7 hemopoietic progenitor cells (day 7 colony forming cells, CFC), but not to erythrocytes or nucleated erythroid cells. This antibody can be used to advantage to enrich for early progenitor cells from mouse fetal liver, in which the majority of cells (70%) are nucleated erythroid cells. In day 12 fetal liver, approximately 10% of all cells bind this antibody strongly and, of these approximately 70% are blast cells. Contained within this positive population are 95% of all day 7 CFC. In the most enriched fraction about 20% of the cells formed day 7 colonies. This represents a 25‐fold enrichment over unsorted fetal liver. The negative fractions contain 94% of all cells forming erythroid clones (≥8 cells) on day 2 of culture (day 2 CFU‐E). In the most enriched fraction, 20% of the cells are day 2 CFU‐E. Day 7 CFC can therefore be well separated from day 2 CFU‐E, with good recovery of both cell types, by use of a single label. Day 7 colony forming cells were classified as granulocyte (G‐CFC), macrophage (M‐CFC), mixed granulocyte/macrophage (GM‐CFC), pure erythroid (E), or mixed erythroid (Emix). A high enrichment for multipotential cells is achieved and constitues 3–5% of cells in the most enriched fraction. Most types of day 7 CFC could not be separated with YMB/42, but GM‐CFC and M‐CFC exhibit a broader distribution than the other CFC with regard to fluorescence intensity. This implicit heterogeneity in GM‐CFC and M‐CFC is further substantiated by the finding that myeloid progenitors in the different FACS fractions also share a differential reactivity to different sources of growth factors.


ABSTRACT Financial difficulties experienced within the shipping industry have caused an increasing number of maritime cross-border insolvencies. The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (the Model Law) is designed to assist countries in equipping their insolvency laws with a modern framework that more effectively addresses cross-border insolvency proceedings. This paper discusses whether China should adopt the Model Law, using the method of strategic game theory based on the Hanjin Bankruptcy case. Our results show that, from the perspective of a mathematical evaluation, China should not adopt the Model Law, since Hanjin declared bankruptcy with South Korea's adoption already having taken place. Even if the Model Law is adopted, its application in China will be very limited due to the structure of Chinese shipping enterprises.


Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA), A Chronic, Degenerative Disorder Of Unknown Cause Characterized By Gradual Loss Of Articular Cartilage, Is The Most Prevalent Disease In Our Society With A Worldwide Distribution And Disabling Locomotors Disease Characterized By Degradation Of Articular Cartilage. Objective: To Estimate The Urinary Level Of Type II Collagen C Telopeptide (CTX-II) Among Osteoarthritic Patients. Method: This Was A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted In The Departments Of Physiology And Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Regional Institute Of Medical Sciences, Imphal Among Osteoarthritic Patients In Manipur During October 2012 To March 2014. Urinary Levels Of C-Terminal Cross-Linking Telopeptide Of Type II Collagen (U-CTX-II) Were Measured By ELISA Kits. Result: The Concentration Of Uctx-II Was Significantly Higher In OA Patients Compared With Controls. It Was Observed That The Levels Were Found To Be Higher Among The Female Patients. There Was No Correlation Of U-CTX-II With Any Physical Parameters Like Age, Height And Weight. Conclusion: These Findings Indicate That The Bone Resorption Process Is Higher In Osteoarthritic Patients.


Devices with multiple modes increase user stress, workload, and error rate. Robots that operate at multiple levels of autonomy offer a wide range of functions, but may increase error. In this work, we develop and test multimodal interfaces to communicate a robot's current level of automation to a user who is engaged in a high-workload task. Future studies will apply these findings to multiple-human, multiple-robot teams.


The advantages and problems of the development of Yunnan's medicinal plant resources were systematically analyzed and discussed and the recent advances on the endophytes were described.The same or similar bioactive substances to host plant within individual endophytes generally could be produced by medicinal plants.The path to development of Yunnan's medicinal plant resources was showed clearly by this theory.The endophytes research surely will have important economic and social significance.


This experiment has been carried out in "S" city among 30 women in their 40~50s` in groups of 10 of Trained and Beginner in the categories of Aerobic Dance, Aquarobics Dance and Muscular Exercise to analyze the effects of the Body Composition and physical fitness according to Exercise Type (Aerobic Dance/Aquarobics Dance/Muscular Exercise) x Exercise Level (Less than 3 months/More than 3 years) x Exercise Interval (Before/6 weeks/12 weeks) through the 3way repeated ANOVA method. As the result, the data of Weight, a factor of Body Composition in terms of Interval x Level, and Body Fat, in terms of Interval x Type x Level and Interval x Type, have shown attentive cross-interactive results. The Body Fat has not only shown attentive results in 3-Dimension cross-interactions of Interval x Type x Level but also in 2-Dimension cross-interaction of Interval x Type and Interval x Level as well. Secondly, attentive statistical results were observed in Physical Self-Concept elements of equilibrant and cardiovascular stamina in terms of Interval x Level showed a 2-Dimension cross-interaction effect, along with the results of Muscularity in terms of 3-Dimension cross-in of Interval X Type X Level. In conclusion, experienced group who have been persistently practicing physical exercise had generally high level of body composition, physical fitness. And, inexperienced group with relatively less experience in practicing physical exercise-although they initially showed low level in all aspects of body composition and physical self-concept compared to experienced group-showed gradual improvement as they cectinued to exercise. In other words, although the effect of exercise may not appear for certain period of time after beginning of exercise for middle-aged women, it is considered that persistent exercise for more than 6 weeks has positive effect in the aspects of physical composition and physical fitness.