1H MRSI in vivo is increasingly being used to diagnose prostate cancer noninvasively by measurement of the resonance from choline‐containing phospholipid metabolites. Although 31P NMR in vivo or in vitro is potentially an excellent method for probing the phospholipid metabolites prominent in prostate cancer, it has been little used recently. Here, we report an in vitro 31P NMR comparison of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, focusing on the levels of the major phospholipid metabolites. Unlike phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphoethanolamine (and their ratio) were significantly different between cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The high level of phosphoethanolamine+glycerophosphoethanolamine relative to phosphocholine+glycerophosphocholine suggests that the former may be significant contributors to the "total choline" resonance observed by 1H MRSI in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective To evaluate the value of plain MRI scan and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. Methods The patients checked by MR with brain plain scan and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) hospitalized in Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from May 2009 to August 2012 were sampled randomly.The rates of negative and positive reporting of brain MRI scan and diffusion-weighted imaging in the patients were calculated respectively.The application values of the two methods in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction were compared and analyzed by SPSS131.0 software. Results The images of 1,122 patients were calculated and analyzed.No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of positive reporting of diffusion-weighted imaging between men(76.08%) and women(71.32%),(P=0.071).The average age of the patients with the positive reporting rates of diffusion-weighted imaging(64.33-year-old) was more than that of negative patients(62.08-year-old),(P=0.007).Negative results of brain plain images were observed in 120 patients(10.7%),while the positive results were found in 1,001 patients(89.3%). Negative results of DWI were observed in 292 patients(26.1%),while the positive results were found in 829 patients(73.9%).There were 120 patients with negative results of brain plain images and DWI,172 patients with negative in brain plain images but positive in DWI(58.9%),and 829 patients with positive results of brain plain images and DWI.There were statistically significant differences in the DWI positive rate between patients with positive brain plain images and patients with negative ones(χ2=381.526,P=0.000). Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging can clearly show cerebral infarction lesions and identify the new and old lesions.Brain plain scan also gives us a good indication of cerebral infarction lesions,and negative result of brain plain scan suggests less possibility for suffering from cerebral infarction.It is necessary and valuable to perform brain plain scan before conducting brain diffusion-weighted imaging in clinical practice.


The present invention relates to compositions and methods for accelerating the wound healing process, increasing skin wound blockage, and reducing inflammation at the site of skin wounds. In particular, the invention relates to a composition comprising an acceptable carrier δ-PKC activator, α-PKC inhibitor, and Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + free cation pharmaceutical. The invention further also relates to a composition comprising an insulin or insulin analog of Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + pharmaceutically acceptable carriers do not have the cation.


positive regulation, so far as it exists, of the bases and methods of international revision. A somewhat uneven bibliography follows (no mention is made of Kunz's main work or of the fragmentary but useful preliminary study published by the Geneva Research Center). As implied at the beginning, the reviewer regards this contribution to one of the two main problems of international organization as valuable and stimulating. It carries the discussion over from a too close preoccupation with texts and details of procedure to the field of legal theory, and even ethics, sociology, and pure philosophy, and this is a salutary corrective. On the other hand, the treatment here seems to be somewhat too far in the direction of pure ideology and theory, thus appearing too facile and too optimistic. What is needed, however, is not merely a cross between Kunz and Gramsch. What is needed now is a study of forces making for and against the application of the Gramschian ideologies to the textual problems, examined by Kunz, of the relation between security and revision—the whole realpolitik of the problem.


We obtain accurate result for the lightest glueball mass of QCD in 3 dimensions from lattice Hamiltonian field theory. Using the dimensional reduction argument, a good approximation for confining theories, we suggest that the $0^{++}$ glueball mass in 3+1 dimensional QCD be about $1.71$ GeV.


Motivated by a high demand for automated inspection of civil infrastructure, this paper presents a novel design and development of a tank-like robot for structural health monitoring. Unlike most existing magnetic wheeled mobile robot designs, which is only suitable for climbing on flat steel surface, our proposed tank-like robot design uses reciprocating mechanism and roller-chains to make it capable of climbing on different structural shapes (e.g., cylinder, cube) with coated or non-coated steel surfaces. The robot can transition from one surface to the other (e.g., from flat surface to curving surface).
Taking into account of several strict considerations (including tight dimension, efficient adhesion and climbing flexibility) to adapt with variety shapes of steel structures, a prototype tank-like robot incorporating multiple sensors (hall effects, sonars, inertial measurement unit and camera), has been developed. Rigorous analysis of robot kinematics, adhesion force, sliding failure and turn-over failure has been conducted to demonstrate the stability of the proposed design. Experimental results and field deployments confirm the adhesion and climbing capability of the developed robot.


A kind of applied drawing software is developed by VC and Mathematica,which can be executed without Mathematica circumstance and is also a good assistant in the teaching course of space analytic geometry for higher mathematics.


Preliminary process design in 1997 for a new grass roots polymer unit in the Gulf Coast raised the possibility of using a single centrifugal pump instead of two reciprocating compressors to feed ethylene into the reactors. The objectives of this change were lower capital cost, energy consumption, and maintenance expense. Discussion of the possible application led finally to the design, manufacture, and successful operation of two full-capacity horizontal centrifugal pumps, one operating, the other on autostart standby, each developing 22,500 ft (6860 m) in a single casing. This paper addresses the design philosophy chosen for these pumps, critical steps in their detail design, manufacturing issues, additional testing on water to verify the design to the extent possible before operation on ethylene, and the correction of fluctuating rotor instability evident in one of the pumps at startup in July 2000.


This paper addresses state minimization problems of different classes of non-deterministic finite state machines (NDFSMs). We present a theoretical solution to the problem of exact state minimization of general NDFSMs, based on the proposal of generalized compatibles. This gives an algorithmic frame to explore behaviors contained in a general NDFSM. Then we describe a fully implicit algorithm for state minimization of pseudo non-deterministic FSMs (PNDFSMs). The results of our implementation are reported and shown to be superior to a previous explicit formulation. We could solve exactly all but one problem of a published benchmark, while an explicit program could complete approximately one half of the examples, and in those cases with longer run times.


Methods of preparing materials for sap analysis of petioles of tomato and leaflets of rose were studied ; the proposed standard is as follows ; 1. Plant samples should be cut into small pieces and mixed with distilled water in the ratio less than 1 : 5. Then the sample is homogenized for 30 seconds together with a small amount of activated carbon. 2. The homogenate is filtered through a filter paper and the filtrate is analyzed. For macroelement analysis, fresh extract should be analyzed as it is, whereas for microelement analysis, the extracts are acidified with 0.1 N HCl to ensure that the microelements in the extracts are completely dissolved. 3. For the concentration of minerals in the sap, analytical data should be corrected according to the plant sample : water ratio used for the extraction and the dilution factor.


Drug administration system 20 having features of the present invention is adapted to be worn by a medical container, a patient receiving a prescription drug 27 to be administered to a patient tag 24, hand-held computing device (22), and It includes electronic drug delivery device 30. Data concerning the medication 27 is contained in the first label 28 on the medication container (27). A first label 28 may also include an appropriate setting for the electronic drug delivery device for administering a drug to a patient, it includes an instruction on how the drug is to be administered to a patient. Patient data is contained in the second label (29) on the tag 24 to be worn by the patient. Drug data, drug administration command, and the patient data are provided in machine-readable format. Hand-held computing device (22) reads the data drug and drug administration command, and the patient data on the patient tag 24 on the medication container 26. Hand-held computing device (22) stores the acquired information, and performs the matching check to make sure the drug data that matches the patient's data. If the identified matching, hand-held computing device transmits the medication instruction to the electronic medication administration device 30, which, and download command, and programming the administration device 30 and prompt the operator in accordance with the downloaded command start the patient to administer the drug (27). Medical devices, drug delivery system, an intravenous injection, PDA, dosage


The profile distribution and storage of soil organic carbon(SOC)of main forest types in eastern Liaoning province of China were studied.The results indicated that both the SOC contents and storage distributions changed in the same way along soil profile:surface layer subsurface layer substrate;both of them showed decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth and soil bulk density.The total SOC storages(0-20 cm) of different forest lands are as follows:F.rhynchophylla Betula costata Juglans mandshurica P.tabulaeformis Carpinus cordata Larix gemelliniLarix kaempfer Fraxinus mandshurica Quercus mongolica.The SOC storage is relatively high in the soil with high silt and clay contents.


The Shanghai tower is 632-meter high with a unique design of an inner and outer "double-skin" curtain wall system.A unique flexible hanging curtain wall support structure(CWSS) was developed for outer skin.The CWSS has characteristics of heavy self-weight,complex load paths and connection details.This paper will discuss analysis and design of the CWSS briefly,including features of structural system,critical loads,structural mechanical behaviors,and connection details between the main structure and the CWSS.The analysis and design method used in this paper could be a reference for the analysis and design of similar projects.


The Adelman theory for liquid solutions is applied to obtain state‐dependent solute–solute pair potentials at the McMillan–Mayer level. Generalized Langevin dynamics simulations using these effective potentials have been performed. Radial distribution functions and time correlation functions obtained from these simulations are compared with those obtained by using mean force potentials at infinite dilution and with the ones resulting from the ''exact'' molecular dynamics simulations of the complete systems.


This results in a transient or permanent re fl ux of the stomach contents. This re fl ux of acid and acid-acti-vated pepsin is of major importance in triggering the symptoms and the induction of re fl ex-conditioned oesophageal lesions. As a matter of principle every patient with such symptoms should be subjected to an endoscopic diagnosis at least once, especially in order to identify a possible Barrett's oesophagus. Further control endoscopies are recommended. The scope of therapeutic options ranges from a (lifelong) administration of proton pump inhibitors – as far as possible in low dosage and administered according to the step-down schedule – up to a surgical intervention involving "fundic wrapping", which is also known as fundoplication.


This paper outlines approaches for assessing and classifying manufacturing and service operations in terms of their suitability for use of cross-trained (flexible) workers. We refer to our overall framework as agile workforce evaluation. The primary contributions of this paper are: (i) a strategic assessment framework that structures the key mechanisms by which cross-training can support organizational strategy; (ii) a tactical framework that identifies key factors to guide the selection of an architecture and worker coordination policy for implementing workforce agility; (iii) a classification of workforce agility architectures; (iv) a survey of a broad range of archetypical classes of worker coordination policies; (v) a survey of the literature with an operational perspective on workforce agility; and (vi) identification of opportunities for research and development of architectures for specific production environments.


The goal of this project was to determine the genome organization, replication strategy and identification of the large envelope glycoprotein (Gl) gene of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). This virus is the fourth member of the new virus family Arteriviridae The 3' end of the RNA genome from the prototype isolate of SHFV was cloned and sequenced. This 6314 nucleotide (nt) sequence consisted of nine complete overlapping open reading frame (ORFs 2 ,2a, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 , and 9). At the 5' end of this sequence is a partial ORF, ORF lb, and the 3' end is a noncoding region. The sequence data showed that SHFV encodes three additional ORFs as compared to the other arteriviruses. The nine SHFV 3' ORFs were presumed to be translated from separate subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs) produced during virus replication. However, RT-PCR analysis using leaderand ORFspecific primers identified only eight sgRNA species. The sequence, 5 '-UCNUUAACC-3', was identified as the junction motif between the mRNA body and the 5 ' leader sequence. An ORF 2b-specific sgRNA was not detected. The SHFV particle consists of two proteins, pl5 and p20, and at least two glycoproteins, p42 and p54. Endoglycosidase treatment of purified SHF virions showed that p42 and p54 were actually four separate peptides with molecular masses between 28 and 30 kDa. Thus, the SHFV particle contains at least six structural proteins. In -vitro synthesis of the ORF 7 product resulted in a peptide with a molecular mass of 31 kDa; this mass increased to 52 kDa when the in vitro product was glycosylated. However, when the


We present experiments studying the behavior of warm dense copper and chromium, isochorically heated from solid density using petawatt laser accelerated protons. Temperature and expansion measurements are compared to hydrodynamic simulations using modern EOS models.


Nine new N-heterocyclic carbene gold bifluoride complexes are synthesized which are found to be efficient catalysts for the hydrofluorination of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes.


Recent debate on the relationship between morality and religious belief has tended to cast the role of religion in a negative light. While there are certain facts that may support this view, a philosophical investigation of the link between ethics and religion can contribute to the debate by focusing on certain fundamental issues. Noting the importance of the debate and showing the implications of whichever side one takes, this article argues that the claims for a purely humanistic ethics can be supported by an empirical observation, a philosophical argument and even on theological grounds. At the same time, however, it defends the view that religious belief in a personal God can have a positive contribution to morality by way of vision and motivation.


In this paper, an efficient 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on multiview 2D images of human face by means of similarity transform. The pose and depth estimation from 2D feature points of the respective face images is considered as an optimization problem and solved using soft computing techniques. Four real parameter optimization techniques (Differential Evolution, Genetic algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing) are used to estimate the pose and 3D structure. To evaluate the accuracy of the pose estimation to corroborate depth estimation, Head Pose Database is used. The experimental results show that the Differential Evolution significantly outperforms the other optimization techniques in estimating the pose and depths of important features, preserving facial symmetry.


High dielectric constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) has drawn a great deal of intention these past years as potential material for capacitor and even micro-electronic applications. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between the calcination temperature and the dielectric properties of CCTO. The calcination of CCTO at lower temperature (below 1000○C) provides incomplete reaction process, where the secondary phase is detected on the sample. Calcination at 1040○C provides a single phase as just same with the control sample (sample which had gone through both phase calcine and sinter). It is also found that calcination at 1040○C provides the dielectric properties that almost the same with the calcine-sinter sample.


OBJECTIVE
Dolutegravir (DGV) is one of the preferred antiretroviral agents in first line cART. Though considered a well-tolerated drug, we aimed to determine the actual rate, timing, and detailed motivation of stopping DGV in a real life clinical setting.

DESIGN
a cohort study including all patients that started DGV in two HIV treatment centers in the Netherlands.

METHODS
All cART-naïve and cART-experienced patients who had started DGV were identified from the institutional HIV-databases. Clinical data, including motivation and timing of discontinuation of DGV, were extracted from the patient files. Factors that potentially influenced discontinuation of DGV were compared between patients that stopped or continued DGV by multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analyses.

RESULTS
A total of 556 patients were included, of which 102 (18.4%) patients were cART naïve at initiation of DGV. Median follow-up time was 225 days. Overall, in 85 patients (15.3%) DGV was stopped. In 76 patients (13.7%) this was due to intolerability. Insomnia and sleep disturbance (5.6%), gastrointestinal complaints (4.3%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms e.g. anxiety, psychosis and depression (4.3%) were the predominant reasons for switching DGV. In regimens that included abacavir DGV was switched more frequently (adjusted RR 1.92 95%CI 1.09-3.38, p-log-rank 0.01). No virologic failures were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
A relatively high rate of preliminary discontinuation of DGV due to intolerability was detected in our patient population. In particular, DGV was stopped more frequently if the regimen included abacavir. Multiple factors may explain these unexpected post-marketing observations, which warrant further investigation.


This paper presents a rigorous full-wave analysis of a high Tc superconducting rectangular microstrip antenna with a rectangular aperture in the ground plane. To include the effect of the superconductivity of the microstrip patch in the full-wave analysis, a complex surface impedance is considered. The proposed approach is validated by comparing the computed results with previously published data. Results showing the effect of the aperture on the resonance of the superconducting microstrip antenna are given.


This paper try to solve the route optimization of stacker in automated storage and retrieval system with the hybrid algorithm which based on the combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. First the algorithm generates the initial population by using particle swarm algorithm. And then the population undertakes assorted crossover and mutation in the iterative process by using genetic algorithm. In the end the algorithm can achieve very good results by testing the example.


Managing the development of the Arctic macro-region faces a set of external and internal challenges to its development. One of the key ones is the growing discrepancy between the characteristics of existing human capital, current conditions of its reproduction and the future needs of the economy of the Russian Arctic, reflected in strategic and policy documents. The purpose of this study is to identify qualitative and quantitative aspects of human capital reproduction in the new Arctic region – the Karelian Arctic. This region requires research in the context of the new economic and administrative realities of its development. A comprehensive economic and sociological toolkit was used, which included a questionnaire survey of the population (n = 1102). The results of the study show generally negative trends in the reproduction of human capital in the Karelian Arctic. Generally unfavorable, although spatially differentiated, are the conditions of the environment in which this reproduction takes place. The quintessence of its condition is the narrow perceived horizon of income planning by individuals, as well as the locally pronounced mismatch between the education received and the work performed. The most important measure seems to be the revision of educational programs in educational institutions of the Arctic regions in the direction of meeting the needs of promising projects of residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.


AM1-type molecular orbital calculations were performed on the geometry-optimized struc- tures of various 4-(1', 5' - dimethly -4' - heptenylidene) -1- methylcyclohexene isomers. It was found that the major component (4Z, 4'E isomer) of the sex pheromone of Eurygoaster integriceps is very dissimilar in chemical composition to the other isomers, although the stabilities and heats of the for- mation characteristics are comparable. However, some small molecules resembling only a part of the pheromone might exhibit some partial activity.


........................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vii List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. viii Benefits of Mindfulness in the Workplace: The Effects of Mindful Practices on Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors and Organizational Citizenship Behavior ............................................................... 1 Facets and Structure of Mindfulness ............................................................................................ 3 Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors (CWBs) ..................................................................... 7 Ineffective Job Performance ........................................................................................... 11 Absenteeism .................................................................................................................... 16 Employee Theft ............................................................................................................... 22 Workplace Harassment ................................................................................................... 23 Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) ........................................................................... 27 Method ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Participants ...................................................................................................................... 35 Measures ......................................................................................................................... 36 Design ............................................................................................................................. 38 Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 39 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Preliminary Analyses ...................................................................................................... 40


Background Serum and plasma are commonly used biofluids for large-scale metabolomic-epidemiology studies. Their metabolomic profile is susceptible to changes due to variability in pre-analytical conditions and the impact of this is unclear. Methods Participant-matched EDTA-plasma and serum samples were collected from 37 non-fasting volunteers and profiled using a targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform (N=151 traits). Metabolic concentrations were compared between reference (pre-storage: 4°C, 1.5h; post-storage: no sample preparation or NMR-analysis delays) and four, pre-storage, blood processing conditions, where samples were incubated at (i) 4°C, 24h; (ii) 4°C, 48h; (iii) 21°C, 24h; (iv) 21°C, 48h, before centrifugation; and two, post-storage, sample processing conditions in which samples (i) thawed overnight, then left for 24h before addition of sodium buffer followed by immediate NMR analysis; (ii) thawed overnight, addition of sodium buffer, then left for 24h before profiling. Linear regression models with random-intercepts were used to assess the impact of these six pre-analytical conditions on EDTA-plasma/serum metabolome. Results Fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycoprotein-acetyls and most lipid-related traits, in serum and plasma, were robust to the tested pre and post-storage conditions. Pre-storage conditions impacted concentrations of glycolysis metabolites, acetate, albumin and amino-acids by levels that could potentially bias research results (up to 1.4SD difference compared with reference). Post-storage conditions affected histidine, phenylalanine and LDL-particle-size, with differences up to 1.4SD. Conclusions Most metabolic traits are robust to the pre- and post-storage conditions tested here and that may commonly occur in large-scale cohorts. However, concentrations of glycolysis metabolites, and amino-acids may be compromised. Key messages In large scale epidemiological studies, blood processing delays, incubation at high temperature prior to long term storage, and NMR profiling delays after long term storage, may occur. Concentrations of fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycoprotein acetyls and most lipid-related traits are robust to variations in pre-storage temperature and duration of incubation (4°C or 21°C for up to 48h prior to centrifugation) and post-storage sample handling (24h delay in sample preparation or NMR profiling). Glycolytic metabolite concentrations are altered by pre-storage conditions and amino-acids, particularly histidine and phenylalanine, by both, pre and post-storage conditions.


This study used the most current statewide crash data to perform an indepth analysis of heavy-truck crashes in Iowa. This study also attempted to assess crash experience with respect to commercial driver's license (CDL) licensure. In addition, this study used citation data from the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Division and Iowa State Patrol to investigate the possible relationship between past enforcement efforts and crash experience.


ABSTRACT CBZ is a general-purpose reactor physics analysis code system, and FRBurner, which focuses on fast reactor burnup calculations, was developed recently with diverse combinations of available methodologies. Verification of this module is conducted with the OECD/NEA fast rector benchmark since this benchmark provides various types of fast reactors. Four key reactor physics parameters, effective neutron multiplication factor k eff, effective delayed neutron fraction β eff, sodium void reactivity ∆ρ void, and Doppler reactivity ∆ρ Doppler are the focus and compared to two references provided by JAEA and CEA, respectively. The biases between the results from FRBurner and the JAEA and CEA references on each of the above key parameters are less than 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 7%, and less than 1.0%, 4%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. The comparison indicates that the FRBurner module would provide acceptable results for general-type fast reactor physics analysis in research. As one innovation, the detailed burnup chain model, which is significantly different from a generally used pseudo fission product model in fast reactor neutronic analysis, is applied in FRBurner. The detailed burnup chain model helps FRBurner explicitly provide information about the inventory of fission products for nuclear waste management and spent fuel reprocessing.


This work presents the results of electronic structure calculation of barium titanate using the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method implemented in the WEIN2K software. First principal calculations were made for the defect-free crystal and the crystal with two type of point defects: oxygen and titanium vacancies. According to the results of calculations, the presence of oxygen vacancies provides the n-type conductivity, while the titanium vacancies generate p-type conductivity. The formation energies of the titanium and oxygen vacancies were estimated to understand the possible effect of electric fields on the point defect creation. The results of ab-initio calculations were compared with experimental measurements of SrTiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 heterostructures with epitaxial and polycrystalline barium titanate thin films performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis of acquired XPS spectra enables as to conclude the presence of oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 thin films, manifests itself in changes in the cation peak shapes from Ti2p, Ti3p, Ba3d and Ba4d core levels, in accordance with the results of electronic structure calculations.


Until now the Dutch linguist Lambert ten Kate (1674–1731), famous for his early discovery of Ablaut, has not been honoured with a publication concerning his relationship to German 17th-century linguists. Such an interpretation, however, shows great similarities between ten Kate and especially Justus-Georg Schottelius (1612–1676) with regard to three fundamental theoretical issues: the primacy of the roots, the authority of historical material, and the importance of analogy and regularity. They both integrate these when assuming the existence of a suprahistorical system of roots on the basis of which the rational processes of derivation and composition create language as it is.


This paper reports the results of an investigation into air flow from basements and sub-floors into the living space and shows that air infiltration from these areas makes a significant contribution to the whole house air infiltration rate. Experimental work in two typical test sites, using tracer-gas techniques confirmed that contaminated soil gases may be transported into the living space by air from basements and sub-floors. The poor condition of most basements exacerbates the difficulty of practical methods of measuring airflow through basement ceilings.


As the complexity of weapon systems has grown exponentially during the past few years, initial operation capability has been a crucial factor for military forces. Concurrent spare parts (CSPs) is the quantity of spare parts ensuring initial operating period specified by demanding forces acquiring newly deployed weapon systems. Because of the growth of system complexity, recommending precise CSP is not trivial. The Republic of Korea developed an improved CSP recommendation system and deployed the system for naval weapon systems. In this paper, we increase the prediction accuracy of CSP up to 23.1 per cent and 7.16 per cent higher in terms of budget constraint and operational availability (Ao) constraint. The main improvement is achieved by facilitating simulations using the real field data from Korean air force. Also, we propose two validation approaches and show the possibility of extension to the general weapon systems. From the experimental study, we show that the CSP recommendation system can be deployed for navy and air forces.


. We generalize the property of small-torus equivariant K-homology of the affine Grassmannian to general oriented (co)homology theory in the sense of Levine and Morel. The main tool we use is the formal affine Demazure algebra associated to the affine root system. More precisely, we prove that the small-torus equivariant oriented cohomology of the affine Grassmannian satisfies the GKM condition. We also show that its dual, the small-torus equivariant homology, is isomorphic to the centralizer of the equivariant oriented cohomology of a point in the the formal affine Demazure algebra.


Axial flux machines can compete with traditional radial flux machines in terms of torque and power density if the number of pole-pairs is sufficiently high and the ratio of axial length to outer diameter is low.However,it is difficult to manufacture the armature core of the axial flux machine.So this paper proposed a new method.The stator of the machine was realized by using soft magnet compound(SMC) to form a teeth,which was combined with a strip punched laminated core and concentrated winding.Then the electromagnetic design of the machine was performed,and the magnetic field was simulated in the Ansoft Infinite Element Analysis method.Design results and simulation results have indicated that the suitable choice of the main dimensions of the machine and the ratio of the number of pole to slot can achieve sinusoidal emf waveform and small cogging torque.


Micronutrient Powder (MNP) is beneficial to control anemia, but some iron-related side-effects are common. A high level of iron in the groundwater used for drinking may exacerbate the side-effects among MNP users. We conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of a low-dose iron MNP compared with the standard MNP in children aged 2–5 years residing in a high-groundwater-iron area in rural Bangladesh. We randomized 327 children, who were drinking from the "high-iron" wells (≥2 mg/L), to receive either standard (12.5 mg iron) or low-dose iron (5.0 mg iron) MNP, one sachet per day for two months. Iron parameters were measured both at baseline and end-point. The children were monitored weekly for morbidities. A generalized linear model was used to determine the treatment effect of the low-dose iron MNP. Poisson regressions were used to determine the incidence rate ratios of the morbidities. The trial was registered at ISRCTN60058115. Changes in the prevalence of anemia (defined as a hemoglobin level < 11.0 g/dL) were 5.4% (baseline) to 1.0% (end-point) in the standard MNP; and 5.8% (baseline) to 2.5% (end-point) in the low-dose iron MNP groups. The low-dose iron MNP was non-inferior to the standard MNP on hemoglobin outcome (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.30, 0.013; p = 0.07). It resulted in a lower incidence of diarrhea (IRR = 0.29, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.11–0.77), nausea (IRR = 0.24, p = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.09–0.59) and fever (IRR = 0.26, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.15–0.43) compared to the standard MNP. Low-dose iron MNP was non-inferior to the standard MNP in preventing anemia yet demonstrated an added advantage of lowering the key side-effects.


Experiments were conducted on a typical rotor-stator system where air entered through an annular slot at low radius and flowed out of the cavity axially through a rim seal between the rotor and the stator.For the seal in this rotor-stator system,the stationary shroud overlapped the rotating one.Pressure distributions at the stator surface and flow resistance coefficients of the rotor-stator cavity with a maximum gap of 67mm were measured under different dimensionless mass flow rates from 1.32×104 to 4.87×104 with a large range of rotational Reynolds numbers from 0.418×106 to 2.484×106.The results show that pressure on the stator surface decreases with the increase of rotational Reynolds number when the dimensionless mass flow rate is below 1.3×104;when the dimensionless mass flow rate is above 3.034×104,the trend reverses.This is the so-called'pressure inversion effect'.However,dimensionless pressure does not show the same changes when rotational dynamic pressure is chosen as the denominator.The resistance coefficient of the rotor-stator cavity is determined by the dimensionless mass flow rate and rotational Reynolds number;for practical application,the resistance coefficient can also be estimated by the turbulent flow parameter in the range of turbulent parameter from 0.1to 1.6.


In this paper,the concept of relative ideal(relative filter) is introduced in the lattice,Some properties of relative convex sublattices of lattice is given in lattice,sufficient and necessary conditions of relative convex sublattices of lattice are obtained.


The aim of this work is to study the potential for emission at very high energies (100 GeV) by misaligned active galactic nuclei (AGN) and the future prospects for observations of these objects with the next generation imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Initially, data collected by the H.E.S.S. array was used to study fourteen Seyfert galaxies
and two other AGN with Seyfert-like properties and no new detections were reported. For each object upper limits were calculated, assuming a similar spectral shape to M87.
Further work focused on modelling the GeV spectra of misaligned AGN (AGN with angles of inclination to the line of sight 5◦ ) detected in 2010 with the Fermi Space Telescope. The modelling was carried out using a multiblob model that had previously been used to model the very high energy emission of M87 and Centaurus A. This work was used to investigate the capacity of the model to reproduce the high energy spectra observed for each object, while also allowing predictions of the potential very high energy fluxes to be produced. In each case the multiblob model was able to reproduce the observed GeV spectrum. The spectral energy distributions produced were then compared to predicted sensitivity curves for a number of possible CTA configurations to determine the likelihood of detection of these misaligned AGN with the array. It was found that detection of the objects within 50 hours of observations with CTA using standard Durham analysis is unlikely, but that 3C 111 may be detectable using the Paris analysis method.


3D integration is an emerging technology that allows for the vertical stacking of multiple silicon die. These stacked die are tightly integrated with through-silicon vias and promise significant power and area reductions by replacing long global wires with short vertical connections. This technology necessitates that neighboring logical blocks exist on different layers in the stack. However, such functional partitions disable intra-chip communication pre-bond and thus disrupt traditional test techniques.Previous work has described a general test architecture that enables pre-bond testability of an architecturally partitioned 3D processor and provided mechanisms for basic layer functionality. This work proposes new test methods for designs partitioned at the circuits level,in which the gates and transistors of individual circuits could be split across multiple die layers. We investigated a bit-partitioned adder unit and a port-split register file, which represents the most difficult circuit-partitioned design to test pre-bond but which is used widely in many circuits. Two layouts of each circuit, planar and 3D, are produced. Our experiments verify the performance and power results and examine the test coverage achieved.


The invention relates to the technical field of oil field separate layer oil production engineering, in particular to a regulating separate layer production string and a separate layer oil production method. An oil pipe string of the regulating separate layer production string is vertically arranged in an oil well; the bottom end of an oil pipe string is sealed; a rod type oil sucking pump and a plurality of groups of sealing and distributing systems which are sequentially communicated are arranged on the oil pipe string; each group of sealing and distributing system comprises a packing device and an adjustable and controllable production regulator which are sequentially communicated; each packing device is arranged above an oil layer and is used for isolating and protecting the corresponding production regulator; and each production regulator is arranged at the middle upper part of the oil layer. The separate layer oil production method works on the basis of the regulating separate layer production string. The regulating separate layer production string and the separate layer oil production method have the advantages that through regulating and controlling the production regulators, the interlayer interference can be avoided; and the separate layer flowing pressure is controlled, so that the potentials of each layer are exerted to the maximum degree; the application of the production regulators is diversified; the separate layer oil production, water finding, water plugging and the like are subjected to integral construction; and three technical measures can be realized only through one pipe string.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: method of making a light-emitting diode (LED) module according to the invention involves forming an insulating film on a substrate; forming, on the insulating film, a first earthing terminal pad and a second earthing terminal pad separate from each other; forming a first separating film which fills the space between the first and second earthing terminal pads, a second separating film which is deposited on the surface of the first earthing terminal pad and a third separating film which is deposited on the surface of the second earthing terminal pad; forming a first separating layer of given height on each of the separating films; sputtering seed metal on the substrate on which the first separating layer is formed; forming a second separating layer of given height on the first separating layer; forming a first mirror which is connected to the first earthing terminal pad, and a second mirror which is connected to the second earthing terminal pad by applying a metal coating on the substrate on which the second separating layer is formed; removing the first and second separating layers; connecting a stabilitron to the first mirror and connecting a LED to the second mirror; and depositing a fluorescent substance to fill the space formed by the first mirror and the second mirror. The invention also discloses another version of the method described above and the design of the LED module. EFFECT: improving relative luminosity of the LED element by improving heat-dissipation capacity when making a LED module with high brightness, and obtaining a small LED module with high brightness at a low cost, considerably low failure rate of the module and manufacturing cost per unit, using a semiconductor process which facilitates mass production. 19 cl, 13 dwg


Increased use of engineered wood products (EWPs) and thus decreasing share of non-biobased materials such as concrete reduces the impact of buildings on the climate by mitigating the primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in construction. A construction project includes many parameters, where the selection of construction material is one of the crucial decisions with its numerous criteria e.g. cost, strength, environmental impact. Furthermore, this complicated process includes different parties such as architects, engineers, contractors. Architects are among the key decision-makers in material selection, and their perceptions influence what they propose and hence an increase in wood construction. In literature, many studies have been conducted on the technological, ecological, economic aspects of EWPs, while limited studies are focusing on EWPs for construction from stakeholders' perspective. In this chapter, architects' attitudes towards the use of EWPs in buildings were scrutinized.


Citation: Rehmani, K., Naseem, A., & Ahmad, Y. (2020). The Relationship between Quality Culture and Core Practices of Quality Management System and their Direct and Indirect Effects on Organizational Performance. Global Social Sciences Review, V(I), 180-189. doi:10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).19 Khurram Rehmani Afshan Naseem Yasir Ahmad The Relationship between Quality Culture and Core Practices of Quality Management System and their Direct and Indirect Effects on Organizational Performance


Differential capacitance vs potential and current density vs potential measurements have been used to characterize the interfacial energetics and kinetics, respectively, of n-type Si electrodes in contact with a series of one-electron, outer-sphere redox couples. The differential capacitance data yielded values for the electron concentration at the surface of the semiconductor as well as values for the driving force of the interfacial electron-transfer event at Si/CH3OH−viologen2+/+ junctions. The differential capacitance vs potential measurements were essentially independent of the ac frequency imposed on the interface, with linear Bode plots (log|impedance| vs log frequency, at a fixed potential) between ≈103 and ≈105 Hz, with slopes typically between −0.99 and −1.00. The slopes of C-2−E (Mott−Schottky) plots were in excellent agreement with theory, and little frequency dispersion was observed in the x-intercepts of such plots. The conduction band edge of the n-type Si anodes was invariant to within ±40...


The interdependence of the government and the third sector is an important characteristic of philanthropic expression in New Zealand. This chapter looks at what has influenced the development of fundraising practice and highlights some of the challenges.


The rainfall data in North China in recent 50 years are analyzed. It indicates that an inter decade variation is existed. From 1950's to 1970's, the precipitation in North China was obviously above normal, called high flow period. From 1970's to 1990's, it was a dry period. This kind of 20 years alternation between dry and wet climate resulted from the variation and adjustment of general circulations. On the mean departure map of H at 500 hPa, it appears a wave train from southwest of Asia to the North America. Comparing SST anomalies between two periods, it shows that the pattern of SSTA is similar, but their signs are just opposite. The opposite distributions of SSTA in those two periods not only appears in the raining season, but also in their preceding winter and spring. The SST forcing played an indispensable role in the inter decade variation. According to the results above, a preliminary forecasting of precipitation trend in North China has been made for the following 20 years.


Kansei Engineering (KE) refers to the translation of consumers' emotional requirements about a product into perceptual design elements. The Kansei Engineering is applied to the drum washing machine aided by a variety of engineering mean.Semantic differential (SD) is applied to extract the kansei tags.Multivariate statistical analysis method is also used for data mining.The data of design elements is processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and SPSS.


despite the extreme urgency of lifelong learning in the era of knowledge economy, employers in Latvia's regions are not active investors in the training of their employees, and individuals are not eager to actively educate themselves throughout their lives, mentioning the expensiveness of lifelong learning – unlike in the majority of EU Member States – as the key reason. Therefore, one can identify the discrepancy between the political priorities and the actual situation. The author, following the idea of Latvia's scientist A.Jaunzems to perceive knowledge purely economically – as a product of the education market – developed this idea further by examining the knowledge market in Latvia's regions in regard to its institutional "casing", i.e. lifelong learning. The research findings show that the regional specifics of lifelong learning in Latvia are determined by the fact that Latvia's regions are in different stages of economic development.


The invention discloses a high-pressure cold end EGR system of an engine. The high-pressure cold end EGR system of the engine comprises an EGR cooler, an EGR valve, an EGR mixer and a controller. An exhaust gas channel and a cooling liquid channel are arranged in the EGR cooler, the gas intake end of the exhaust gas channel is connected with an exhaust pipe in front of a turbine of a supercharger,and after the exhaust gas is guided out from the exhaust pipe in front of the turbine of the supercharger, cooling of the exhaust gas is conducted in a heat exchange manner. The gas intake end of theEGR valve is connected with the gas discharge end of the exhaust gas channel of the EGR cooler. An exhaust gas inlet of the EGR mixer is connected with the gas discharge end of the EGR valve, and anair inlet of the EGR mixer is connected with an intake system of the engine. The high-pressure cold end EGR system of the engine is provided with relatively less connection pipelines, no pollution toan intercooler and the supercharger is generated, the change of the exhaust back pressure does not directly influence the EGR exhaust gas flow, and the transient state response is good. The heat resistance requirement for the EGR valve is low, and cost is low. The EGR valve is relatively easy to arrange.


An intergroup conflict based on fundamental incompatibilities such as different group identity and values is the highest and the unhealthiest level of conflict in a local congregation setting. In this case, a peacebuilding process is required in order to transform the conflict situation to achieve sustainable peace. Different from peacemaking and peacekeeping, peacebuilding takes a longer period to transform the cultural, social and structural problems on the macro level as well as to change behaviours, perceptions and perspectives of individuals on the micro level. This article attempts to disclose the characteristics of intergroup conflict in an urban congregation in the UK to describe its serious intensity by analysing its nature and scale. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the conflict transformation approach, as a long-term peacebuilding process, can be used effectively not only to alleviate intergroup conflict but also to eventually promote rehabilitation and reintegration through fostering a culture of peace.


The shareholder structure reform has brought a historic significant change to the capital market as well as imposing vital influence on the capital gains of listed companies.In this paper on the basis of a comprehensive summary of previous studies results,the influence of the shareholder structure reform on the capital gains of China's listed companies was emphatically analyzed.In addition,the countermeasures and proposals on how to increase the capital gains of listed companies,hoping to provide theoretical foundation and realistic assistance forthe increase of capital gains of ourlisted companies.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of national events and holidays on PM2.5 concentrations in Tehran megacity. Materials and methods: Air quality data were collected from Tehran Air Quality Control Company (TAQCC) over a period of four years, 2012 – 2015, then data from 10 air quality monitoring stations were processed using R3.3.3. The Iranian New year, Ashura and Eid al Fitr were the national events that considered to study. To compare the daily mean PM2.5 concentrations in Norooz holidays and other days of spring, the Mann Whitney test and difference in PM2.5 concentrations in each season were investigated with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: In Norooz holidays, the daily mean PM2.5 concentrations in comparison with other spring days were decreased significantly (Pvalue < 0.001). The same decreasing occurred for 10 first days of Muharram too (Pvalue < 0.01) but the daily PM2.5 concentrations during Ramadan days were significantly higher than that of summer days (Pvalue < 0.001). Based on Kruskal-Wallis test the difference in PM2.5 concentrations between seasons was significant and only between summerautumn (Pvalue > 0.05) and winter-summer (Pvalue > 0.05) was not. Conclusions: The effect of holidays on PM2.5 concentration was not observed in summer, however it was an effect in autumn. In addition the concentration of PM2.5 was not influenced by holidays in winter regarding the thermal inversion and stability of air. A R T I C L E I N F O R M A T I O N


The present study, with the title of dry ports acquisition using AHP multi-variant decision-making techniques, aims to apply 5 criteria: proper access to rail and road ways near the international airports and the domestic consumption industries, proper climate conditions and near the political institutions to prioritize the construction of the dry ports in the Islamic Republic of Iran among 6 zones: Special Economic Zone of Salafchegan (Qom city), Special Economic Zone of Sarakhs (Sarakhs city), Mehriz city (Yazd province), Talayedarane Qadir Zangan (Zanjan), Aprin Group (Eslamshahr), Arvand Free Area Organization (Khoozestan), Pishgaman-e-Yazd Group (Kowsar), Dry Port Construction Plan between Tehran and Alborz provinces to construct these ports. According to site acquisition researches and the practitioners' and experts' opinions in the context of transportation (aerial, road, marine), the investors, who tend to invest on these infrastructures, are identified and the experts' opinions are applied in this project. Unfortunately, there has been no serious work on this issue and its significance and value is unknown. Although the Islamic Republic of Iran has the status of main way, particularly in Middle East, the logistic status to respond the modern transportation has not been formed properly, e.g. dry ports to decentralize the ports and accelerate the cargo transportation, etc.


Without the partial ordering relation and ordering structure, a conversant algebra system Boolean algebra is analyzed with a new point of view in this paper, which makes most concepts in discrete mathematical being understood more deeply. Especially, by use of the new point, the concept of atom is defined from which the essential implications of atom and nonseparation are brought in, and Stone theorem of finite Boolean algebra is extended to alleged atomic algebra.


Case-based reasoning has high significance in constitutional adjudication. The constitutional courts of the Kelsenian model also follow their own previous decisions to develop their own case law, even if those decisions do not bind them formally. In the course of constitutional interpretation, to build coherent and predictable case law and determine constitutional principles and standards in a consistent way are also reasonable expectations of constitutional adjudication deriving from the rule of law. The paper analyses the case law of the Hungarian Constitutional Court from this perspective, regarding the criticism of public figures in defamation cases. It takes case-based reasoning as a measure of the case law of the HCC, reveals the tendencies and highlights the main problems associated with it.


A set of ratings by others was obtained in conjunction with a collection of self-report data on subjective quality of life. Respondents and two or three "relevant others" nominated by them rated the respondents' satisfaction with aspects of their life. The correlations between respondent-respondent, respondent-other, and other-other ratings provide estimates of the convergent and discriminant validity of the self-ratings and ratings by others. The results of these analyses provide evidence for the external validity of self-ratings in the quality of life area. More importantly, they illustrate the possibility of using ratings by other as a validation criterion for self-ratings in general. The validity of ratings by others who vary in their relationship with their respondents is also explored, and suggestions for further uses of ratings by others are provided


This study was conducted to dry fresh-cut red Fuji apple slices using nitrogen as drying medium to reduce the oxygen concentration in a heat pump dryer. The infl uences of drying temperature, slice thickness, oxygen concentration and air speed on drying rate, brightness, vitamin C(VC) content and total phenol content were investigated. The experiment results of orthogonal array design showed that the optimal drying parameters were as follows: temperature, 55 ℃; slice thickness, 5 mm; and oxygen volume fraction, 5%. The moisture content of apple slices dried under these conditions was 5.83%, brightness value 83.01, VC content 3.68 mg/100 g, and total phenol content 68.26 mg/100 g.


In the diagnosis of focal liver lesions, percutaneous ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy is considered to be a safe, effective and accurate diagnostic procedure with a low rate of complications. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and predictivity of individual free hand and lateral probe guide approaches in 467 patients, average life span 63.0 ± 9.9 years, with ultrasonographically diagnosed focal liver lesions, who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa", Belgrade in the period 2008 – 2011. The estimated sensitivity for the approaches used in this investigation were: for free hand liver 91.4 % and for lateral probe liver biopsy 89.8%. Specificity for the free hand technique was 90.9% and for the lateral probe 90.5%. Positive predictive value (PPV) for the free hand technique was 94.9 % and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 63.8%, and for the lateral probe guide PPV was 96.9% and NPV 66.7%, respectively. In the literature, the lower sensitivity of fine needle Trucut biopsy of hepatic metastases was estimated at approximately 86%, while specificity of this method attained approximately 100% and an overall accuracy of 88.5% in identifying liver malignancies [1]. Sensitivity varied according to factors such as blind versus guided aspiration, number of passes, operator skill, size, location and consistency of the lesion [2]. In our study, we did not face any complications, nor cases of needle tract seeding were detected. Other investigations also report a low level of complications regardless of the method of liver biopsy [4, 5]. In conclusion, the two methods targeted toward the focal liver lesions demonstrated a high level of compatibility that led us to the opinion that the definitive choice depends on the experience of the operators. Branka Filipovic1,2, Siniša Basara1, Nikola Milinić1,2, Nemanja Milisavljevic1, Miroslav Djurasinovic1, Branislav Filipović2,3 1) Department of Gastroenterohepatology Clinical and Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa"; 2) Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade; 3) Institute of Anatomy "Niko Miljanić", Belgrad, Serbia


In the vicinity of the GaN bandgap strong Franz-Keldysh oscillations are observed in Ga1-xInxN/GaN multiple quantum well layers (0.12 ≤ x ≤ 0.18) identifying an interband transition between continuum states. Piezoelectric fields as large as 0.82 MV/cm are identified and the piezoelectric coefficients are derived. The apparent localization of this interband transition correlates with the electric field and provides the unusual property of a structurally tunable direct interband transition between three dimensional densities of state. High relevancefor photoconductive detectors is expected.


AIM:To clone the SPA gene promoter and construct its luciferase report vector of SPA gene and to study its transcriptional targeting activity.METHODS:① The SPA gene sequence was acquired from GenBank,of which the upstream was analyzed according to bioinformatics.The results showed that the upstream region of SPA gene sequence about 163bp has the function of promoter.② The SPA gene promoter fragment was generated by polymerase chain reaction and then subcloned into the multiple clone site(MCS)of luciferase report gene vector pGL3-basic to generate the recombined plasmid pGL3-SPA.This fragment was also subcloned into pGL3-control to generate recombined plasmid pGL3-SPA-enhancer by replacing its primary SV40 promoter.③ pGL3-SPA,pGL3-SPA-enhancer,pGL3-control,pGL3-basic were cotransfected with pRL-TK into A549 cells and H441 cells.The luciferase activities were measured by dual luciferase reportor(DLR)system.RESULTS:Sequencing and restricted digestive results showed that SPA gene promoter was successfully cloned and identified,and also correctly subcloned into plasmid pGL3-basic and pGL3-control to construct its luciferase report plasmid pGL3-SPA and pGL3-SPA-enhancer,respectively.The transcriptional activity was high in H441 cells.CONCLUSION:The luciferase report system of SPA gene promoter is successfully constructed with high transcriptional activity.


According to the 2019 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standard, the spectrum range of 6G is 95 GHz to 3 THz. Due to the higher density of 6G base station, a portable, low-cost, and real-time power detection method for transmitters is urgently needed. Therefore, we propose a real-time terahertz (THz) power detection method based on terahertz-thermoacoustic (THz-TA) effect. Using a homemade solid-state THz transmitter (center frequency = 170 GHz, maximum output power = 92.8 mW), we investigate the relationship between THz power, pulsewidth, and THz induced thermoacoustic signal, respectively. Compared with the test results of commercial THz power meter (Erickson-PM5), the feasibility of THz power detection based on THz-TA effect is proved. The experimental results show that the minimum THz power that THz-TA test platform can respond to is 2.8 mW, and the response time is about 0.25 seconds. In the range of 2.8 −92.8 mW, the amplitude of THz-induced TA signal is linear with the output power of solid-state THz transmitter (Pearson's R = 0.99571). We also note for the first time that the time interval of THz-induced TA signal is consistent with the pulsewidth of THz signal (0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μs). Therefore, THz-TA technology can not only realize the real-time detection of THz power but also measure the pulsewidth of amplitude-modulated THz signal to a certain extent. We expect that THz-TA detection method will have great potential in the real-time detection of transmitter power of 6G base station in the future.


ABSTRACTThe phase-encoding technique can sometimes increase the efficiency of the least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) by more than one order of magnitude. However, traditional random encoding functions require all the encoded shots to share the same receiver locations, thus limiting the usage to seismic surveys with a fixed spread geometry. We implement a frequency-selection encoding strategy that accommodates data with a marine streamer geometry. The encoding functions are delta functions in the frequency domain, so that all the encoded shots have unique nonoverlapping frequency content, and the receivers can distinguish the wavefield from each shot with a unique frequency band. Because the encoding functions are orthogonal to each other, there will be no crosstalk between different shots during modeling and migration. With the frequency-selection encoding method, the computational efficiency of LSRTM is increased so that its cost is comparable to conventional RTM for the Marmousi2 model and a m...


The perception of greater impact via new sinks, as opposed to through avoided emissions, has already led some large investors to focus on sink-related projects. This is a flawed perception when applied universally and carries a risk that effective routes to mitigation through avoiding emissions are side-lined. In reality, both emissions avoidance and emissions removal are needed, and both can be a cost-effective means of delivering mitigation.


Cloud computing is booming technology where they provide various services to the end users. Clouds can make to access applications and associated data from anywhere. Companies can rent their required resource from cloud like storage and other computational purposes so that their infrastructure cost can be reduced significantly. So we can make use of company-wide access to applications, mainly based on pay-as-you-go model. Because of this there is no need for getting licenses for individual products. One of the major disadvantage in cloud computing is related to optimizing the resource allocation. Because resource allocation is performed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with it. There are many challenges of resource allocation are meeting customer demands and application requirements. So we focus on, various resource allocation strategies and their challenges are discussed. KeywordsCloud Computing; Cloud Services; Resource Allocation;


Abstract The main theorem of this article is to evaluate and express the multinomial convolution sum of the divisor function σ r ♯ ( n ; N / 4 , N ) {\sigma }_{r}^{\sharp }\left(n;\hspace{0.33em}N\hspace{-0.08em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.08em}4,N) in as a simple form as possible, where N / 4 N\hspace{-0.08em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.08em}4 is an arbitrary odd positive integer. This generalizes previous result in combination with Cho and Kim, which is about the case N = 4 N=4 . While obtaining our main theorem, we derive some generalizations of other identities to the case that we are dealing with.


International organizations — Officials — Contract of employment — Conclusion of contract — Offer of appointment accepted by applicant — Condition that applicant successfully complete medical examination — Director of medical department concerned about applicant's age — Decision to withdraw offer of appointment — Whether reasonable — Whether Tribunal should overturn medical judgment International tribunals — International administrative tribunals — World Bank Administrative Tribunal — Jurisdiction — Whether contract of employment ever concluded an issue — Whether within jurisdiction of Tribunal — Review of decisions — Circumstances in which Tribunal should overturn decision


In this case study of cadmium metal (Cd+), an experiment has been conducted on the dispersion of heavy metals through flow in porous media. Sandy soil with a specific gravity of 2.65 has been selected as a porous medium for water contaminated with Cd+. A laboratory model has been built from glass box (0.75 m length × 0.10 m width × 0.55 m height, 10 mm thickness) in order to simulate the two-dimensional flow of the polluted water. The box is divided into three zones, namely, inlet zone (upstream), outlet zone (downstream), and sandy zone. In additional, tow adjuster valves are used to control the flow from upstream to downstream direction. Furthermore, eight points are selected in order to study the effect of time/distance ratio and to obtain acceptable results through a wide range of samples. Six of these points, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6, are fixed on the side of the model, while P7 and P8 represent the sampling points on the soil surface. The experimental model is activated using continuous flow patterns with a constant average initial concentration of Cd+ (5.899 ppm). Sampling is conducted at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min), and the filtered samples are tested using an atomic Adsorption device. The results of the laboratory test are analyzed in order to study the variations in Cd+ concentration with vertical distance (y-axis) and horizontal distance (x-axis) and to determine the effect of hydraulic gradient on Cd+ concentration. Cd+ has higher concentration at the deeper points, so sandy soil adsorbs Cd+ at higher concentrations before reaching stability. Cd+ concentrations in points closer to the upstream zone are greater than the ones in further points due to the proximity distance from the upstream zone where the concentrations represent high values. Additionally, Cd+ concentrations in P3 at the first half are greater than the ones in P5 and P6 because the adsorption process is inactive at the beginning of running the model using continuous flow.


Abstract. The accumulation of cells in G2M measured flow cytometrically follows a straight line when plotted against time in colcemid with the transform ln (1 +fg2M), where fG2M, is the fraction of cells in the G2M peak. Extending this function to the value, In 2, will locate a point B. Drawing a line from point B to In 1 perpendicular to the abscissa, will locate point A at the initial value of In (1 +fG2M). A line from In 2 at t= O through point A will intersect the abscissa at the cell doubling time. Application of this method to the depletion of G1 cells is also possible.


Collision of the Arabian plate with Eurasia is causing deformation in the Zagros contact zone and also as far as 1000 km away in discrete belts of strain spanning Iran. In easternmost Iran, between about 20" and 34" N, deformation is primarily strike-slip on right-lateral, north-trending faults on both sides of the low, flat Lut block. North of the Lut block, the faults change to left-lateral slip on east-west trends. The 1997 Zirkuh earthquake ruptured the entire 125-km length of the north-south Abiz fault, up to its intersection with the east-west Dasht-e-Bayaz fault. In addition to the 10 May 1997 Mw=7.2 Zirkuh event, these two faults have broken in a series of four M=6 to 7 earthquakes in the 20* century. The eastern Dasht-e-Bayaz fault cuts the Abiz fault and is very linear through generally lowrelief terrain, suggesting nearly pure strike-slip deformation. The Abiz fault and other right-lateral strike-slip faults nearby have curved traces and cut through or along the sides of substantial mountain ranges, consistent with more transpressional strain. Some connect with thrust faults.


ROS generated by mitochondrial respiration are needed for optimal proinflammatory cytokine production in healthy cells, and are elevated in cells from patients with an autoinflammatory disorder.


To determine the ability of renal contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect acute drug‐induced changes in renal perfusion (using the glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor agonist exenatide and nitric oxide [NO]‐synthase inhibitor L‐NG‐monomethyl arginine [l‐NMMA]), and assess its correlation with gold standard‐measured effective renal plasma flow in humans.


The invention provides a tangential and radial resultant magnetic field embedded permanent magnet rotor driving motor, and belongs to the technical field of automobile motor electric appliances. The tangential and radial resultant magnetic field embedded permanent magnet rotor driving motor is composed of a front end cover, a rear end cover, a shell, a rotor and a stator. Pieces of rectangular permanent magnet steel are embedded into tangential rectangular grooves and radial rectangular grooves of a rotor iron core respectively. Due to the fact that the tangential and radial resultant magnetic field embedded permanent magnet rotor driving motor is of a rotor magnetic bypass structure, the problem that irreversible demagnetization is generated when the permanent magnet steel bears excessively-high temperature or the action of the armature reaction of an impact current can be effectively avoided, it is ensured that demagnetization does not happen on the permanent magnet steel, the magnetic field of the rotor of the driving motor is supplied by both the tangential magnetic field and the radial magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity is large, output power is high, an electro-magnetic winding is not required, power consumption is little, a carbon brush and a mechanical diverter are omitted, the failure rate is low, and the tangential and radial resultant magnetic field embedded permanent magnet rotor driving motor has the advantages of being high in efficiency and power density, compact in structure, reliable in work and the like.


A relevant issue that has to be faced by institutions having charge of the administration and development of natural areas is the decision as to which management category a given study area fits into best and, moreover, what are its appropriate boundaries. This problem also applies to already-established protected areas of which the classification and boundaries are still subject to discussion. It is usual for planning groups or individual planners to base their decisions mainly on philosophical concepts or conservation objectives. However, these subjective criteria tend to be weak arguments to justify the establishment of national parks or other types of protected areas. Accordingly there is need to develop a methodology-oriented way to homogenize criteria in assigning values to natural or cultural resources. Otherwise, in governmental decisions on land-use, protected areas will risk being restricted to those lands for which there is no alternative use. A CONAF/UNDP/FAO Project of Forestry Research and Development in Chile has published an approach to this problem (Oltremari et al, 1981). This study was arranged in the following sequence: definition of management categories, conservation objectives by category and their relative weights, definition of variables by objectives and their relative importance, identification of the best conservational use of the area concerned, classification of limiting factors, and, finally, the development of an indicator which should reflect the appropriate boundaries for each management category. It now seems desirable to describe this study, with due updating, for a wider audience than a UN pamphlet is likely to reach.


The objectives of this research are 1) to examine how Thai youth in tertiary education feel about extrinsic and intrinsic rewards when studying online.2) to explore any similarities and differences between the two techniques. 3) to determine how students felt about the reward system used in this class. The samples in this research are 37 students. They are all the students who study in an online classroom for the whole semester during the COVID19 global pandemic (2019-2021).The questionnaire and the interview instruments were designed to clarify participants' attitude and used a five point Likert scales and the entire reliability value is 0.80. The statistics used for data analysis were included descriptive statistics; and proportion and percentage, and inferential statistics such as multiple regression and Chi-square- test. The result disclose as follows : 1) The students showed that all of the four dimensions of this variables test of which one variables is extrinsic, have significant, positive relationships with satisfaction (r = .690, p < 0.01). 2) The results indicate that extrinsic and intrinsic variables had a negative effect on satisfaction (b = .051, p > 0.01), (b = .252, p > 0.01).3) the results indicate that Feelings had a positive effect on satisfaction (β = .638, p < 0.01) and could predict satisfaction variables by 56.1 percent (adjusted R2  = 0.561), and extrinsic and intrinsic variables had a negative effect on satisfaction (p > 0.01).


In the work are described directions of modernization of process of speaking another language preparation of the modern expert according to new tendencies of the Russian competences education, reference points are planned for formation of a complex communicative at orientation to abilities, needs, personal qualities of trainees, are analyzed opportunities improvement of quality of teaching of foreign languages.


The V band light curve of the Type Ib supernova SN 1984L indicates that the radioactive cobalt decay products are significantly trapped for times in excess of 400 days. Assuming V is parallel to the bolometric light curve, the observations require on the order of 10 M ⊙ of ejecta as shown by expressing the deviation of the bolometric light curve from the cobalt decay curve in terms of the mass, gamma-ray optical depth, and kinetic energy of the ejecta. This result is confirmed by numerical calculations


We solve a problem posed by Calabi more than 60 years ago, known as the Saint-Venant problem: Given a compact Riemannian manifold, generally with boundary, find a compatibility operator for Lie derivatives of the metric tensor. This problem is related to other compatibility problems in mathematical physics, and to their inherent gauge freedom. To this end, we develop a framework generalizing the theory of elliptic complexes for sequences of linear differential operators $(A_{\bullet})$ between sections of vector bundles. We call such a sequence an elliptic pre-complex if the operators satisfy overdetermined ellipticity conditions, and the order of $A_{k+1}A_k$ does not exceed the order of $A_k$. We show that every elliptic pre-complex $(A_{\bullet})$ can be ``corrected"into a complex $(\mathcal{A}_{\bullet})$ of pseudodifferential operators, where $\mathcal{A}_k - A_k$ is a zero-order correction within this class. The induced complex $(\mathcal{A}_{\bullet})$ yields Hodge-like decompositions, which in turn lead to explicit integrability conditions for overdetermined boundary-value problems, with uniqueness and gauge freedom clauses. We apply the theory on elliptic pre-complexes of exterior covariant derivatives of vector-valued forms and double forms satisfying generalized algebraic Bianchi identities, thus resolving a set of compatibility and gauge problems, among which one is the Saint-Venant problem.


Kefir is traditionally a beverage produced from milk by inoculating kefir grains, a complex microbial association between yeast and bacteria. However, adaptation of kefir grains in many other non-dairy substrates has led to production of different beverages with functional properties. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of different functional substrates (soybean hydrolyzed extract, colostrum and honey) to design a novel probiotic beverages using kefir grains as starter culture and evaluate its antioxidant capacity and physical-chemical composition. In addition, explore the fermentation process of honey with kefir grains through a comprehensive study of its rheological properties, kinetic in bioreactor condition (fermentation and storage process), microbial composition, antimicrobial and probiotic potential, protection effect on DNA damage and sensory analysis when compared with traditional kefir beverage. The probiotic potential and antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus satsumensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Sacharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from honey kefir beverage, was also investigated. Honey-based kefir beverage had higher antioxidant activity when compared with soybean hydrolyzed extract and colostrum substrates. High levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast populations (over 10 CFU/mL) were found in the product and were mainly composed of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus statsumensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus megaterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lachancea fermentati. In addition, the honey-based kefir beverage showed protection effect on DNA damage and had a high sensory quality compared to traditional kefir beverage. Kefir grains were well adapted to bioreactor conditions, reached high levels of cell viability (over 10 CFU/mL for total yeast and bacteria), had considerable production of phenolic compounds (190 GAE/100g). Color L* and a* did not highly changed and b* decreased during fermentation time. After 35 days of storage process, honey kefir beverage (HKB) maintained its chemical characteristics and microbial viability as required to be classified as a probiotic product. The models Ostwald-de Waele (R ≥ 0.98) and Herschel-Bulkley (R ≥ 0.99) can be used to predict the behavior of HKB. The isolates showed resistance to acid conditions (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 7.0) and bile salts (0.3% and 0.6%), showing ability to survive in the presence of simulated gastric and intestinal juice and did not show hemolytic activity. All the isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against E. coli and S. aureus (up to 7.0 mm). The isolate L. satsumensis showed resistance against the studied pathogens and was the most powerful antagonistic isolates. Honey kefir beverage had high antagonistic activity (19.5 to 27.5 mm). L. satsumensis, L. mesenteroides and S. cerevisiae isolated from honey kefir beverage could be classified as potential probiotics. Kefir-based beverages have shown an alternative way to produce functional beverages with probiotic activities, especially for people with special needs (lactose intolerance) and vegan consumers. Honey could be an ideal alternative substrate for the production of functional cultured beverage, especially for vegans and lactose intolerant consumers. The parameters analyzed during HKB process can be considered for production of a novel beverage product, assisting in the industrialization of this bioprocess. In addition, the investigation of the potential probiotic features of these kefir strains should be useful for the development of novel functional beverage.


Abstract ISO standards for gas cylinders made from aluminum alloys generally require heat treatment after the forming process. Such heat treatment is a costly part of the manufacturing process. Particularly due to increasing international trade, market-surveillance authorities need simple and reliable methods to field-test cylinders for proper heat treating. By the present contribution the difference in strength of heat-treated and non-heat-treated gas cylinders is exemplarily shown and several material analysis methods are investigated for their suitability as field tests.


Background and objectives: Limited information is available on the level of satisfaction of clinicians with services delivered by blood banks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of clinicians with our blood transfusion service. Materials and methods:We prepared a questionnaire based on SERVQUAL, a method used to measure customers' appreciation of quality of service, by assessing the gap between perceived and expected quality. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items grouped according to five dimensions of quality of service: assurance, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles. Clinicians were asked to give two scores on a scale from 1 to 7 for each item, score (e) representing what they expected from an 'excellent' service, score (r) how they graded the service received. We considered wide differences in scores of service expectation and receipt for a question to be indicative of either service above expected levels (r>e) or service below expectation (r


In this paper, we consider the Schr\"odinger equation in one space-dimension with potential. We start by proving that this equation is well-posed in $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ if the potential belongs to $W^{1,\infty}(\mathbb{R})$, and we provide a representation of the solution as a series, called Dyson-Phillips series, by using semigroup theory. We focus our attention on the two first terms of this series: the first term is actually the free wave packet while the second term corresponds to the wave packet resulting from the first interaction between the free solution and the potential. To exhibit propagation features, we suppose that both potential and initial datum are in bounded Fourier-frequency bands; in particular a family of potentials satisfying this hypothesis is constructed for illustration. By representing the two first terms of the series as oscillatory integrals and by applying carefully a stationary phase method, we show that they are time-asymptotically localized in space-time cones depending explicitly on the Fourier-frequency bands. This permits to exhibit dynamic interaction phenomena produced by the potential.


Two epidemiological associated fatal cases (purulent endobronchitis, pneumonia, abscesses, sepsis) in the patients with artificial lungs ventilation after serious surgical interventions have been sescribed. One and the same Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were detected in both patients. This isolate had a unique resistance to antibacterial drugs (sensitive to one from 30 tested antibiotics only).


The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) among women aged ≥ 70 years with T1‐2N0 estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative breast cancer using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare‐linked data.


Test equipment that simulated frictional impacts between coal-cutter bits and mineral inclusions at a coal face during operation of a continuous coal mining machine was used to study the incendivity of impacts between various rocks, metals, and hard-metal alloys in an explosive mixture of air-7 pct natural gas. Quartzitic sandstone was found to be the most incendive of several rocks tested. Limestone concretions from a coal seam, known locally as ''sulfur balls,'' sparked furiously but were not incendive. Among the metals tested, the type of steel used in commercial coal-cutter tools was the most incendive material tested. A 17-4PH stainless steel was less incendive and appears to be the most promising high-strength steel alloy, reasonably economical, for use in coal-cutter bits. Some hard-metal alloys, primarily titanium and zirconium diboride composites, were also evaluated as possible replacements for the conventional cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide used in the tip of coal-cutter bits. The metal-bonded diborides were generally less incendive (but more brittle) than the conventional tungsten carbide. Carbonitride coatings on tool bits were also tested but found to have no advantage. The source of ignition during frictional impact between metal and rock was studied. Immediately after impact, a yellow flash was observed andmore » a smear of metal near its melting point occurred on the rock. This hotspot on the rock, rather than the yellow flash or sparks or metal fragments, was observed to be the cause of the ignition.« less


ABSTRACT Following the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, COP21 (Paris, France), several countries have attempted to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reach this objective, microalgae could be used to capture carbon dioxide and transform it into a biomass composed essentially of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Moreover, cultivating microalgae does not require arable land, in opposition to several oleaginous plants used to produce biofuels. Despite the fact that microalgae could be transformed into several biofuels such as bioethanol (by fermentation of hydrocarbons) and biomethane (by anaerobic digestion), transforming lipids into biodiesel could allow the reduction of oil-based diesel consumption. However, microalgae biodiesel production costs remain high for a short-term commercialization. The microalgae lipids can be transesterified into biodiesel in the presence of catalysts (homogeneous or heterogeneous). In order to commercialize biodiesel from microalgae, biodiesel physicochemical properties must respect the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The aim of the study was to describe the current technologies available to produce biodiesel from microalgae.


Evaluating Performance: How to Appraise, Promote, and Fire Barry Silverstein Collins (2007) 150 pages, Hardcover, $12.95 In "Evaluating Performance: How to Appraise, Promote, and Fire," by distilling the wisdom of industry experts, author Barry Silverstein (2007) discusses performance management systems, promoting employees, dealing with underperformers, evaluating team performance, and effectively implementing performance management in today's work environment. The goal of this book is to help managers and entrepreneurs effectively evaluate employees and manage their work for high performance. Silverstein states that "most companies will hire younger employees with fewer years on the job-individuals who need well-defined goals, on-the-job training and continual supervision" (2007, p. 4). Silverstein continues to say, "There are no shortcuts to employee evaluation, but there are processes, strategies, and techniques that help managers evaluate employees more effectively." As part of a comprehensive performance management program, the first for managers is to begin hiring the right individuals for their organizational cultures and departments. Of course, hiring the right person begins by having the right job description for the specific job and its responsibilities. Once the right employee is hired, one should keep employees engaged with the departmental and organizational objectives. Helping employees align their personal goals and objectives with those of the organization's can help them see how what they do links with the firm. In other words, by being involved in the achievement of the organization's goals employees see their contributions and will stay motivated. Silverstein offers five steps that managers and leaders can use to effectively manage the performance of their employees in the organization (2007, p. 13): 1. Strategically plan the right tasks, involve the employee performing them, and set high expectations. 2. Monitor, observe, assess, and evaluate each employee's performance on a regular basis. 3. Provide relevant training and development opportunities for each employee so they can perform their jobs successfully and be ready for advancement. 4. Review the performance of employees using a standardized and fair rating scale for objective measurement. 5. Reward good performance with positive reinforcements and correct poor performance through goal setting and coaching skills. The most difficult aspect of employee evaluation for most experienced and new managers seems to be the communication of poor performance. Of course, once a manager identifies an underperformer, it is the manager's responsibility to either correct the situation through effective coaching or terminate the employee (Silverstein, p. …


Photonic spiking neural networks (SNN) have the advantages of high power efficiency, high bandwidth and low delay, but limitations are encountered in large-scale integration. The silicon photonics platform is a promising candidate for realizing large-scale photonic SNN because it is compatible with the current mature CMOS platforms. Here, we present an architecture of photonic SNN which consists of photonic neuron, photonic spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) and weight configuration that are all based on silicon micro-ring resonators (MRRs), via taking advantage of the nonlinear effects in silicon. The photonic spiking neuron based on the add-drop MRR is proposed, and a system-level computational model of all-MRR-based photonic SNN is presented. The proposed architecture could exploit the properties of small area, high integration and flexible structure of MRR, but also faces challenges caused by the high sensitivity of MRR. The spike sequence learning problem is addressed based on the proposed all-MRR-based photonic SNN architecture via adopting supervised training algorithms. We show the importance of algorithms when hardware devices are limited.


There is a growing need for accurate and time efficient modelling of electrical distribution networks within the aerospace industry, for which power electronic converters are an integral part. Simplifying converter models is necessary to improve simulation execution times, however many existing techniques do not necessarily give accurate results for all types of system level studies. This paper describes an alternative modelling approach to these, which provides accurate results and reduced simulation times for studies of electrical fault analyses.


In this paper,a novel topological index Zw based on the adjacency matrix D is derived.The index has good discrimination between isomeric alkanes,P3 and P2,and is highly correlated with the selected physicochemical properties of alkanes.All properties are well modeled(r0.99).The results show that Zw is an excellent topological index with high correlation property and good structural selectivity.


Scopula lacriphaga sp. nov. from N. Thailand and S. W. China, S. haematophaga sp. nov. from N. Thailand, S. W. China, N. W. Malaysia and N.W. Indonesia, and S. malayana sp. nov. from W. Malaysia, are described with illustrations of the habiti and genitalia. Male adults are lachryphagous and/or zoophilous and imbibe various mammal body fluids from ungulates, proboscidates and man.


The article deals with the methods of complex assessment of national wealth and analyses the ways of selecting the integral national wealth indices. It presents the rating of the world community countries.


To use a new, unbiased biomarker discovery strategy to obtain and assess proteomic data from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)‐related disorders.


The objective of this research was to analyze the development of scientific competences for the teaching and learning of Inorganic Chemistry in the Third Semester of the Biology, Chemistry and Laboratory at the Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, from April - August 2016. The study is important because current education demands changes to train "competent" people with the capacity to learn to learn, to learn to relate to others, to learn to solve problems of daily life and to learn to live with oneself, through the updating of Knowledge that renews itself permanent way. The problem of scientific competence refers to the capacity to acquire and generate knowledge; but how that capacity contributes, beyond the specific practices of the sciences, to enrich and train the formation of the individual. The study aims to overcome the fragmentation of learning, applied non- experimental, diagnostic, exploratory and explanatory design focused on the analysis and interpretation of the variables. It is a descriptive study because it describes the existing knowledge on the subject. In the survey carried out on students of the third semester of the Biology, Chemistry and Laboratory at the Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo state that 68% do not know about the scientific competences, therefore it is recommended to the teachers to promote the importance of the application of the scientific competences in the students during the course of the race.


The present invention relates to a method for controlling an engine braking operation and / or adjustment (by means of the at least one exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle supercharged internal combustion engine, in particular self-ignition internal combustion engine) of the throttling device, wherein the at least one or at least one exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas flow at least one single or multi-flow turbine, in which the housing is configured with at least one inflow channel, Ye Lun housed in the throttle housing adjacent to the receiving a turbine Ye Lun chamber and its integration into the inflow channel upstream. In order to increase the engine braking power at low speed range is proposed, such a throttling device is arranged in the region Ye Lun into the receiving chamber into at least one inflow channel, so that the throttle device is substantially completely closed in its closed position, the at least one inflow channel and thus the impeller chamber receiving flow connection.


On 25 March 2012, early elections were held in Saarland after the minister-president had called the end of the coalition on Epiphany in January this year. After 788 days in government, the experiment with the so-called Jamaica coalition was over. The announcement was accompanied by an invitation for coalition talks directed at the Social Democrats to form a grand coalition and a stable government. This election report focuses on the special circumstances of Länder elections in Saarland, the failure of its recent coalition experiment and the potential trend of grand coalitions in other Länder or at the federal level.


This study deals with the problem of congestion in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and proposes a robust and self-adaptable nature-inspired congestion control approach for realtime event-based applications. WSNs face important limitations in terms of energy, memory and computational power. The uncontrolled use of limited resources in conjunction with the unpredictable nature of WSNs in terms of traffic load injection, wireless channel capacity fluctuations and topology modifications (e.g. due to node failures) may lead to congestion. Inspiration is drawn from the flocking and obstacle avoidance behavior of birds to 'guide' packets bypass obstacles like congestion regions and dead node zones. Recent studies showed that the flock-based congestion control (Flock-CC) approach is robust, self-adaptable and energy-efficient, involving minimal information exchange and computational burden when used in uniform grid topologies. The applicability of the Flock-CC in random topologies is investigated in this paper. Performance evaluations showed that Flock-CC was able to both alleviate congestion and minimize energy tax. Also, Flock-CC demonstrated robustness against failing nodes, and outperformed other congestion-aware routing approaches in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and energy tax.


In the article results of empirical research of the realised strategy of behaviour of spouses in crisis and stressful situations are presented. The author reveals types of behaviour of spouses, investigates their influence on the general level of functioning of family system.