Background and Purpose: Chronic diseases such as heart failure could disrupt mental, physical, and spiritual health. Religious practices such as prayer enhance spiritual energy and create positive attitude in patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of prayer on spiritual health of patients with chronic heart failure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 140 patients with chronic heart failure who were hospitalized in cardiology ward of 22 Bahman Hospital of Neyshabour, Iran, in 2015. The data collection tools included Palutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire and Meraviglia's prayer frequency questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical tests (i.e., Chi-square tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression) were run in SPSS, version 16. Results: The results showed a significant direct relationship between prayer and spiritual health (P<0.0001, r=-0.63). There was also a significant relationship between the age, frequency of prayer, previous prayer experience, and attitude toward prayer (P<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between gender, frequency of prayer, previous prayer experience, and attitude towards praying (P<0.06). The results of this study showed an inverse correlation between educational level, frequency of prayers, previous prayer experience, and attitude toward prayer (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant positive association between marital status, frequency of prayer, previous prayer experience, and attitude toward prayer (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that spirituality originates from both beliefs and experiences of the individual. If a person merely holds some beliefs with no experiences, then they would lack many physical and mental benefits of spirituality. The role of prayer in patients with chronic illnesses is undeniable, and it could be beneficial in the maintenance of spiritual health and in effective defiance against diseases.


The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) is the nation's largest facility dedicated solely to the production of synchrotron radiation. The facility has two electron storage rings: a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ring which operates at an electron energy of 750 MeV designed for optimum radiation at energies from 10 eV to 1 keV, and an x-ray ring which operates at 2.5 GeV to optimize radiation from 1 keV to 20 keV. A total of 44 beam ports emanate from these rings. Each beam port is capable of supporting one to four experiments. The VUV and x-ray rings presently accommodate over 800 scientists representing over 71 universities, industries, and government laboratories. Both basic and applied research are being done at the NSLS by groups from a variety of disciplines which include physics, chemistry, materials science, metallurgy, biology, and medicine. Among the techniques used are EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure), scattering, diffraction, topography, fluorescence, gas phase spectroscopy, lithography, tomography, microscopy, and circular dichroism.


Molecular chaperones, also known as heat-shock proteins or HSPs, are a functionally conserved class of proteins whose primary function is to keep cellular proteins in their native conformation, under both physiological and stress conditions. In most cases these chaperones do not participate in the final mature structures that their 'clients' form. Apart from folding, chaperones play vital roles in cellular localization, transport, secretion and assembly of proteins in multiprotein complexes


Much work has been devoted in the last years to the search for new materials that improve the current performances of lithium ion batteries, widely used in portable electronic devices nowadays. Concerning the negative electrode, several candidates to substitute carbon, the commercial option, have been proposed recently. Among these, we can find transition metal nitrides, whose major drawback is the fact that they are air and moisture sensitive. Along this work we will present, for the first time ever, the application of transition metal oxynitrides as negative electrodes, with very interesting results. Generally speaking, these compounds have shown higher stability under ambient atmosphere. We prepared several titanium, chromium or manganese nitrides and oxynitrides with antifluorite-type structure, by means of a solid state reaction under nitrogen. Homogeneous mixtures of lithium nitride, the transition metal or its corresponding nitride, and, in the case of the oxynitride synthesis, lithium oxide, have been treated at temperatures between 650 and 950oC. We tried to intercalate and deintercalate lithium in all these compounds, and we obtained interesting capacity values in the case of Li10CrN4O2 (160 mAh/g), Li7MnN4 (340 mAh/g), and Li7.9MnN3.2O1.6 (310 mAh/g). In this latter case, our investigations resulted in the publication of patent which is currently under process of extension to European degree. The results presented along this PhD report show that both lithium transition metal nitrides and oxynitrides are worth exploring in the search for alternative negative electrode materials in a lithium ion battery.


Graphical random groups have been recently introduced by Gromov to construct a counterexample to Baumes-Connes conjecture with coefficients. In this talk we will consider a simplification and explain Ollivier and Wise's proof that the graphical metric small cancellation condition holds for almost all finitley presented graphical random groups (in a certain statistical sense). The first part will be a introductory talk explaining ideas used in the second part.


In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a system called Web Interaction Display and Monitoring (WIDAM). We have developed a web based client-server application that offers several services: (i) real time monitoring of the user interaction to be used in synchronous playback (Synchronous Monitoring Service) (ii) real time observation by other users (Synchronous Playback Service); (iii) storage of the user interaction information in the server database (Recording Service); (iv) retrieval and playback of a stored monitored interaction (Asynchronous Playback Service). WIDAM allows the usage of an interaction monitoring system directly over a web page, without the need of any installation, using low bandwidth comparatively to image based remote display systems. We discuss several applications of the presented system like intelligent tutoring systems, usability analysis, system performance monitoring, synchronous or asynchronous e-learning tools.


At the time of writing, several political agreements are being signed, all of which seek, despite their unevenness, peace between Israel and the Arab populations living in its midst. Popular culture in Israel at large, and popular music in particular, is not indifferent to this changing state of affairs. Indeed, numerous groups and singers have emerged whose songs appear primarily to be concerned with combining modern Hebrew with Arabic, and bringing together Israeli singers with Israeli Palestinian and Arabic popular music singers. While this kind of collaboration is becoming increasingly visible, let us not forget that it began in the heyday of the Intifada.


Regarding the altered metabolism of insulin in diabetics, the half time disappearance of insulin-I131, the distribution space of insulin-P1, the insulin binding index of serum and the disappearance of insulin-P31 from the serum incubated with rat diaphragm (Ti in vitro) were studied with reference to the time and age of onset, the insulin requirements, the duration of insulin treatment, the presence or absence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, the fasting blood sugar, the glucose assimilation coefficient and the insulin sensitivity index. Doses of 50-100 pc. of insulin-I"' were administered intravenously to human subjects and heparinized blood samples were taken at intervals thereafter. Assays of radioactivity were carried out on plasma and precipitates of plasma treated with trichloraceticacid (TCA). Radioactivity precipitated by the modified two antibody technic of Morgan et al., using anti-insulin guinea pig serum and rabbit anti-guinea pig serum, was also assayed and the results were compared with the values obtained by TCA precipitation. In general, the curve of TCA precipitable radioactivity paralleled closely with that of radioactivity separated by the two antibody technics in each case, although the former was much flatter than the latter. In plasma from patients with marked insulin-binding antibody of their own, precipitation of radioactivity by the two antibody technics were incomplete. No significant differences in half time disappearance of insulin-I'31 could be observed between control subjects and diabetics never treated with insulin. In diabetics treated with insulin for a long time, the disappearance of insulin-P1 from plasma was much slower than in diabetics who were never treated with insulin or treated with insulin for a short period. Insulin-PI disappeared less rapidly from plasma in patients re-


The promise and limitations of the much discussed development strategy of self-reliance are exemplified in Mozambique, whose program for initiating a transition to socialism centers on creating new party and state organs, hastening rural transformation, promoting heavy industry, and restructuring links with the international economy. The major obstacles include an acute shortage of technical cadres, uncertain range of political debate on key matters to rectify mistakes, a labyrinthine bureaucracy, and potential or actual coercion. The economy, deformed by colonialism, can take major strides toward overcoming the anarchy of the global marketplace and the spasms of capitalist accumulation by regionalizing national production and enlarging national markets. Yet, expanding the size of the market may heighten the tension between increasingly internationalized production and private appropriation by a few. The central lesson is the continual need to meld theory and practice in a creative and original manner appropriate to local conditions.


Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder and is associated with structural grey matter differences in the brain. We investigated the genetic background of some of these brain differences in a sample of 899 adults and adolescents consisting of individuals with ADHD and healthy controls. Previous work in an overlapping sample identified three ADHD-related grey matter brain networks located in areas of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus as well as the cerebellar tonsil and culmen. We associated these brain networks with protein coding genes using a statistical stability selection approach. We identified ten genes, the most promising of which were NR3C2, TRHDE, SCFD1, GNAO1, and UNC5D. These genes are expressed in brain and linked to neuropsychiatric disorders including ADHD. With our results we aid in the growing understanding of the aetiology of ADHD from genes to brain to behaviour.


Although it has not yet reached an ideal composition, the adoption of a 30% quota of women in elections in Indonesia has increased the number of women in parliament, both at the central level (House of Representative/DPR) and at the regional level (Regional House of Representatives/DPRD). However, the issue of women's representation in parliament is not only a matter of representation based on sex, but also of substantive representation, where women's political agenda can be voiced. One of the concepts developed by feminist thinking is the concept of critical actors. This article seeks to explain how women's organizations and parliamentarians are critical actors that encourage women's involvement with parliament. This article explains how the involvement between women's organizations and parliament can strengthen the substantive representation of women in both the DPR and the DPRD. It is based on studies conducted on a model of strengthening the involvement of several women's organizations with the DPR and DPRD, which was developed by MAMPU and its partner organizations.


This thesis aims to study the construction of immortality in Lars Jakobson's novel The Immortals
(De ododliga, 2015) by examining the difference between how immortal and mortal characters are portrayed. Initially the characters of the novel are classified according to E. M. Forster's narratological division between flat and round characters. It soon becomes evident that the immortal character, with access to endless, eternal time, does not fit into the regular category of round character, instead expanding beyond conventional rotundity into mega-rotundity.

In order to explain the mega-rotundity, Paul Ricoeur's theory of narrative discourse as means for explaining human existence and identity in time, is then used. By studying how the immortal characters are described using the narrative connectors presented by Ricoeur, it once again becomes evident that the immortal character refuses categorization. Ricoeur's narrative connectors are collective processes that when applied to immortal characters become individual, thus resulting in establishing that eternal life is by necessity in-human.


We report on two different patterns that can be observed at the bed surface close to a vertical cylinder when submitted to a strong enough steady water flow. The classical scour pattern observed at the cylinder foot and due to the "horseshoe" vortex around occurs at a critical velocity U c 1 below the critical velocity U c 0 for erosion without any cylinder, thus under clear-water conditions. But we observe also another pattern downstream the cylinder which consists of two symmetrical ovoid holes that look like "bunny ears". This new scour pattern referred as BES can be observed at lower velocities that the horseshoe scour (HSS), above a critical velocity U c 2 c 1 , with a timescale formation much higher that the one of HSS.


MATERIAL AND METHODS Observations were made on 34 albino rats whose average weight was about ioo gm. Allyl formate was administered by the intraperitoneal route. Thirty rats received a single injection of 0.015 cc. per ioo gm. of body weight of allyl formate diluted in 2 cc. of Ringer's solution; they died or were sacrificed I to 2, 3 to 6, and 24 hours after administration of the drug. A group of 4 rats which survived 24 hours were given a second dose of O.OI5 cc. of allyl formate per IOO gm. of body weight; all of these latter animals died 2 to 7 hours after receiving the second dose. Pieces of liver were fixed in a 4 per cent solution of formaldehyde, in Carnoy's fluid, and in Zenker's solution, and were blocked in celloidinparaffin. Sections, 6 a in thickness, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin, and with Mallory's anilin blue collagen stain. Frozen sections stained with sudan III were used for the study of fats. RESULTS


This article describes the process and results of applying a new, quantitative version of what is, in the Polish mining industry, a well-known, so-called Comprehensive Method of Rockburst Hazard Evaluation (CMRHE). The CMRHE is composed of four "particular methods" (i.e. mining seismology, seismoacoustics, drilling, and the partly subjective "expert method of hazard evaluation"). Despite its popularity, CMRHE is not well defined in the mathematical sense. The subject, i.e. the rockburst hazard, is not quantitatively (or otherwise) well defined within the CMRHE Instructions or the four particular methods. In fact, the CMRHE tries to predict an undefined subject, and there is no guarantee that the particular methods attempt to identify the same (undefined) hazard. It is not clear how the four particular results should be combined to arrive at the final hazard prediction.


Abstract Not all medieval kitchens were rectangular multi-purpose buildings; some were square single-purpose buildings. Margaret Wood drew attention to a number in The English Medieval House, most of which were associated with high-status houses. A smaller manorial kitchen still survives today in the north-west corner of the moated platform at Little Braxted Hall, Essex. Cecil Hewett drew attention to it many years ago as an example of a detached kitchen. Closer examination while it was undergoing repair recently, showed it was probably linked to the hall, rather than totally detached, and that it had a much more complex plan than was originally thought. Tree-ring dating, using sapwood estimates of 10-55 years, suggests it was built between 1398 and 1424. The manor house has gone and the kitchen was later converted into a dovecote. A detailed report is to be published in Essex Archaeology and History.


Social entrepreneurs can have an important role in the development of local communities. They effectively lead innovative and entrepreneurial changes in social organisations or arenas, with not-for-profit motives. Social entrepreneurs: focus upon social issues; systematically apply new perspectives and innovations to relevant opportunities; and change what their organisation produces, how the services are produced and/or how their organisations operate. This paper discussed the characteristics and behaviour of social entrepreneurs. It argues that they have an important role in creating social capital, which is important in urban regeneration and local economic development. It also considers how social entrepreneurs can bridge social and commercial objectives through business organisations such as community businesses or co-operatives. As social entrepreneurs can be seen as a form of behaviour, those working in business or other areas may act as social entrepreneurs when acting in their individual capacity


The outlook for transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma patientshas improvedenormouslyover recent yearswith the incorporation of new agents into standard regimens. Novel regimens combinemelphalanandprednisone (MP)withbortezomib (VMP), with thalidomide (MPT), and with lenalidomide with (MPR-R) and without (MPR) lenalidomide maintenance. The efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of these regimens have not yet been compared; therefore, we conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis using data from randomized controlled trials versus MP. Using a Markov model developed from a U.S. payer's perspective, we compared VMP with MPT and MPR-R over a lifetime horizon. MPT and MPR-R were chosen because, like VMP, they are superior to MP in response and outcomes. Data from theVelcade as Initial Standard Therapy in MultipleMyeloma (VISTA; VMP), Intergroupe Francophone duMyelome (IFM)99–06 (MPT), andMM-015(MPR-R) trials were used. The IFM99–06 studywas selected because of the superior activity in this study comparedwith otherMPT studies. Using patient-level (VMP) and published (MPT, MPR-R) data, we estimated the health-state transition and adverse event probabilities for each regimen, related costs, and statespecific utility estimates. Costs (in 2010 U.S. dollars) and health outcomeswere discounted at 3%. Discounted lifetime direct medical costs were lowest with VMP at $119,102. MPT cost $142,452 whereas MPR-R cost $248,358. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio calculations projected that VMP would confer cost savings and better health outcomes relative to MPT and MPR-R. We conclude that VMP is highly likely to be cost-effective compared with MP,MPT, andMPR-R. TheOncologist2013;18:27–36 Implications for Practice: There is a growing number of treatment options available for previously untreated, transplantineligiblemultiplemyelomapatients, basedon the combinationofmelphalan andprednisone (MP)with bortezomib (VMP), thalidomide (MPT), or lenalidomide plus lenalidomide maintenance (MPR-R). These regimens confer substantial improvements in patient health outcomes compared with MP. However, they are also associated with higher costs than MP. With limited healthcare budgets, it is important to determine themost cost-effective treatment option. This paper presents the first published analysis of the potential cost-effectiveness of these regimens based on efficacy and safety data from randomized clinical trials. The findings show that VMP is projected to provide cost savings compared toMPT andMPR-R, and to be a cost-effective treatment option compared to MP, MPT, or MPR-R in previously untreated, transplant-ineligible multiplemyelomapatientswhenmanagedwithin theU.S. healthcare system. These findings support the recommendation touse VMP for this patient population. Correspondence: Louis P.Garrison, Jr., Ph.D.,University ofWashingtonSchool of Pharmacy, Box357630, Seattle,Washington98195,USA. Telephone: 206-221-5684; Fax: 206-543-3835; e-mail: email@example.com Received November 3, 2011; accepted for publication July 5, 2012; first published online in The Oncologist Express on January 8, 2013. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2013/$20.00/0 http://dx.doi.org/10. 1634/theoncologist.2011-0380 TheCost-Effectivenessof Initial TreatmentofMultipleMyeloma in theU.S.WithBortezomibPlusMelphalanandPrednisoneVersus ThalidomidePlusMelphalanandPrednisoneor LenalidomidePlus MelphalanandPrednisoneWithContinuous Lenalidomide MaintenanceTreatment LOUIS P. GARRISON, JR., SI-TIENWANG,HUIHUANG,ABBIEBA-MANCINI,HONGLIANG SHI, KRISTINA CHEN, CAROLINE KORVES, RAVINDERDHAWAN,ANDREW CAKANA,HELGI VAN DEVELDE,DEYANIRA CORZO,MEI SHENGDUH University ofWashington School of Pharmacy, Seattle,Washington, USA; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston,Massachusetts, USA; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge,Massachusetts, USA; Janssen Research&Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA; Janssen Research &Development, HighWycombe, United Kingdom; Janssen Research&Development, Beerse, Belgium Disclosures of potential conflicts of interestmay be found at the end of this article.


The administration of drugs using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles as carriers has generated immense interest due to their excellent biocompatibility and the prolonged drug release. The scope of this work was to determine the applicability of sirolimus-loaded biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) nanoparticles as drug carriers to prevent restenotic processes after stent implantation. The average 250 nm sized 20%(w/w) sirolimus-loaded nanoparticles were extensively characterized with regard to in vitro degradation, biocompatibility and in vitro drug release. The particles show biphasic release kinetics consisting of a short burst release of 50%(w/w) sirolimus payload, *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Figures 1–7 appear in color online: http://jba.sagepub.com JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS Volume 00 — 2010 1 0885-3282/10/00 0001–25 $10.00/0 DOI: 10.1177/0885328209360696 The Author(s), 2010. Reprints and permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav J Biomater Appl OnlineFirst, published on March 17, 2010 as doi:10.1177/0885328209360696 at GEORGE MASON UNIV on February 24, 2013 jba.sagepub.com Downloaded from followed by a longer, slower release phase, which are desirable for the application as a drug delivery carrier. All presented results exhibit the potential of sirolimusloaded PDLLA nanoparticles as promising local and sustained drug delivery systems administered intraluminally to reduce in-stent restenosis after stent implantation.


IoT devices have the characteristics of limited performance and mobility, which makes it difficult for traditional centralized security authentication methods to support security authentication in the current IoT environment. In order to cope with these challenges, this paper proposes a security authentication system named iot-chain in the Internet of Things, which provides attribute-based security authentication based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain framework. The system contains three kinds of chain codes, namely access code, device code, and policy code. The access code is the main program that implements the user safety authentication method. The device code provides a query method for the URL of the resource data generated by the storage device, and the policy code provides the access control strategy for the administrator user. Combining access control and blockchain technology, iot-chain provides dynamic security authentication management in the Internet of Things. Experimental results show that iot-chain can maintain high throughput and effectively reach consensus in a distributed system.


This paper demonstrates the direct torque control permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTC-PMSM) drive fed by asymmetrical multilevel inverter. The cascaded H-bridges topology with ratio-3 DC voltage sourced cells inverter has been employed. The DTC controller receives a reference torque and flux signals, the torque controller output determines the position of the desired flux vector. The amplitude of this vector is determined by the reference flux amplitude. The reference voltage vector is calculated as a continuous value using a technique developed originally for the SVM controlled drive. In this study, however, the reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest voltage vector achievable by one switching state of the multilevel inverter. The performance of two- and three-cells per arm inverter drives has been compared to that of the SVM-inverter drive at two values of the switching intervals. The results reflect the low switching frequency and torque ripple advantages of the proposed scheme.


This study presents a method for constructing a sequence of approximate solutions of increasing accuracy to general equilibrium models on nonlocal domains. The method is based on a technique originated from dynamical systems theory. The approximate solutions are constructed employing the Contraction Mapping Theorem and the fact that the solutions to general equilibrium models converge to a steady state. Under certain nonlocal conditions, the convergence of the approximate solutions to the true solution is proved. We also show that the proposed approach can be treated as a rigorous proof of convergence for the extended path algorithm in a class of nonlinear rational expectation models.


We have establishedan in vitroclonogeniccell assay for a classof anaplasticrat prostatictumorcells(R-3327At). We used collagenaseto isolate these cells from transplantedsolidtumorsgrowinginthe flanksof mature male Copenhagenrats and culturedthem in a-minimal essentialmediumsupplemented with 10% fetal calf Se rum. A linear relationshipwas obtained between the numberofcellsplatedandthenumberofcoloniesformed. R-3327-Atclonogeniccells had a plating efficiencyof about4% when monodispersed cellswere isolatedfrom the primarytumor,andtheircelldoublingtimewas24 hr. Culturedtumorcells have maintainedtheir abilityto in ducetumorswhenretransplanted intonormalmalerecip ientratsevenafter30 weeklypassagesIn vitro,although laterpassageswere notas "tumorigenic." The R-3327-At cellswere readilydistinguishable fromfibroblastson the basis of cellular morphologyand growth kineticsand becauseonlythe R-3327-Atcellswere able to proliferate in semisolid(plasma)culture and inducetumorsupon retransplantation in vivo. The additionof conditionedmedia(CM) preparedfrom R-3327-At tumorcellculturesto lowdensityR-3327-At cell cultures producedlarger coloniescomparedto those culturesto whichwe added either no CM or CM from Copenhagenrat skin fibroblasts.These data indicated thatthe growth-promoting activitypresentinthe CMof R 3327-Atculturescan increasethe extentof proliferation, althoughit IsnotessentialforitsInitiation.Theadditionof sera from rats bearingeither the R-3327-Ator the hor mone-dependent (R-3327-H)tumorwas "cytotoxic" to R 3327-Atclonogeniccells. Not only were fewer colonies formed,butalsoindividualcoloniescontainedfewercells when comparedto controlculturesto whichnormalrat serumwas added.These findingsare potentiallyimpor tantsincetheymayreflecta hostimmuneresponsetothe tumor.


The Czech Republic is not often affected by natural catastrophes like floods which may be caused either by sudden rainstorms or by less intense but prolonged rainfall. Both types of floods may be associated with torrential outflows in headwaters and accelerated erosion of streambeds and banks. Such an event was experienced at the beginning of July 1997. There are an increasing number of insurance claims on the security of lives and properties. Flood defence must consist not only of engineering structures, but also the public and the state authorities must be prepared to defend themselves.


DAUD JULIUS DJARI. Antibiotics Sensitivity Test of Several Bacteria Causing Mastitis. Supervised by TITIEK SUNARTATIE and DORDIA ANINDITA ROTINSULU. One of the successful treatment of mastitis in cattle is through the use of antibiotics appropriately. The irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics can induce antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this research was to test the sensitivity of several bacteria isolated from cow's milk that suffered from clinical mastitis against several antibiotics. The isolated and identified bacteria were Yersinia sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Psudomonas diminuta, Enterobacter aerogenes, Alcaligenes sp., Serratia sp., S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Bacillus sp.. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., E. aerogenes, and E. coli were tested for their sensitivity to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test method. Based on the sensitivity test results, all the bacteria tested have become multiresisten bacteria. Escherichia coli was resistant to all antibiotics tested; S. aureus and E. aerogenes were still sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim; mean while Pseudomonas sp. was only sensitive to gentamicin.


The distribution of allogeneic and syngencic thoracic duct lymphocytes was studied over 24 h in normal and T‐cell‐dcficient animals (thymectomized, irradiated rats.'B rats', or congenitally athymic nude rats). Initial migration from blood was no less for allogeneic than for syngencic cells. After 24 h, however, a marked deficit of radioactively labelled allogeneic cells as compared with syngeneic cells was found in the lymphoid tissue, whereas the allogeneic isotope was recovered in a relatively greater amount in liver, kidneys, and cell‐free plasma and lymph. Most of the allogeneic cells are evidently destroyed within the first 24 h and their isotope released into body fluids. Our studies also revealed this process to be even more evident in T‐cell‐depleled environments. Autoradiographic studies of recipient nude rat spleens showed that allogeneic cells were not found in the great number seen in syngeneic transfers, but a high grain density in the periarteriolat lymphocyte sheath area could be observed. Granula seemed to be predominantly located over large non‐lymphoid cells. The elimination of allogeneic lymphocytes is therefore governed by mechanisms independent of an intact thymus and may be due to a cell population or factor more active in nude animals than in their non‐nude littermates.


PRACTICE NURSES and health visitors should get the information they say they need to help allay patients' fears over the safety of the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine.


A December 1997 consultation in Niger by regional counselors of BASICS (Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival) was intended to assist the joint Quality Assurance Project/BASICS project in preparing for the activities termed "Participatory Resolution of Interpersonal Communications Problems." This program was created after results of a periodic evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Diseases (PCIME) program in Niger demonstrated serious deficiencies in the communication of instructions by health workers to mothers and failure to verify the mothers understanding of the instructions. The mission objectives were to assist officials in the technical conception of the activity creation of the work plan and timetable and development of data collection instruments. Planning for the activity was carried out in several stages of consultation with all parties concerned including district-level health personnel and community representatives. A two-stage program was planned in which a 3-day workshop allowing community representatives and health agents to jointly identify problems and seek solutions would be followed by training of health agents in techniques of interpersonal communication. All parties involved appeared to be favorably disposed toward the project.


With this essay I seek to show one way to examine this theoretical
junction; this meeting ground of two conceptions of space. My argument
is simply that the uneven development and dispersion of the film
industry produces an uneven depiction of material space. Thus, the
production of representational space is not a mirror of material space,
but rather a product of the politics and economics of a specific industry.
Consequently, if we wish to understand what we see on television and
in the cinema we must begin by understanding how these images arise
and where they originate. I first investigate how the demise of the studio
industry changed the content of representational space. I then examine
the top five cinematic cities in North America. A cinematic city is
one which accounts for a high volume of on location filming. These
cities dominate the economic activities related to the film production
industry and are the most frequently depicted geographies in representational
space.


The current research aims to identify the availability of standards of qualification to the Egyptian premier league among Egyptian soccer clubs. The researchers used the descriptive (survey) approach. The researchers chose (11) clubs with total participants of (93) persons divided as (20) persons for the pilot study and (73) for the main study. After distributing the questionnaire, only (60) persons returned it fully and this led the researchers to exclude the other (13) persons. The researchers designed and calibrated "Questionnaire of the Minimum Standards of Qualification for Egyptian Soccer Premier League" as a research data collection tool. Results indicated that: Sports clubs of the Egyptian premier league of soccer seek to fulfill the standards of youth development programs, sports clubs of the Egyptian premier league of soccer seek to fulfill the standards of courts and facilities, there are clear limitations concerning anti-doping activities, sports clubs of the Egyptian premier league of soccer seek to fulfill the administrative standards, sports clubs of the Egyptian premier league of soccer are willing to fulfill all standards of qualification for premier league as a professional league.


Farmers' suicides in India, exemplifying the agrarian crisis, have been a contemporary cause of grave concern. The Vidarbha Psychosocial Support and Care Program (VPSCP) in western India is an example of a psychosocial intervention being implemented to address the psychological consequences of adverse circumstances triggered by the agrarian distress of farmers through a multi-pronged strategy of delivery of mental health care services to those in need dovetailed with livelihood/employment support schemes. This article, which forms part of a larger evaluation carried out on the impact and effectiveness of the VPSCP, focuses primarily on the process and functioning of the programme; its strengths and challenges through the perspectives of key stakeholders; and perceptions of psychosocial stress in the community. Although firmer linkages with the government health care programme and with employment support/welfare schemes is needed, the VPSCP can be taken as a viable template for the integration of socio-economic determinants and mental health concerns in the agrarian context in order to reduce the incidence of suicide.


The study of «The Essays of Transitional Times» shows that the period from the «reforms» during the reign of Alexander II to the end of the 19th century was reflected by Gleb Uspensky as a time of imminent tragic changes pregnant with the break-up of the state's foundations and of the whole structure of Russia's spiritual life.


The contamination of indoor air is largely from the use of gas for heating and cooking appliances. A comprehensive analysis of indoor air pollution by nitrogen oxides shows that the extent of indoor air pollution and consequent exposure varies as a result of many factors mainly the differing distribution of appliances and their level of use. This study aims to formulate a mathematical model for the production of nitrogen oxides indoors. The physical processes that determine the concentrations of indoor nitrogen oxides as a function of outdoor concentrations, indoor emission rates, and building characteristics have been mathematically described. The mathematical model developed has been parameterized for typical Slovak residences. The modeling of the occurrence of indoor nitrogen oxides and verification of the model are presented in this paper.


The estimation of the skin friction of onshore or offshore piles in sand is still a difficult problem for geotechnical engineers. It has been accepted by many researchers that the mechanism of driving piles in the soil has shared some similarities with that of an element shear test under the constant normal stiffness (CNS) condition. This paper describes the behaviour of an element of soil next to a pile during the process of pile penetration into dense fine sand using the 2D-DEM numerical simulation software. A new CNS servo was added to the horizontal boundary while maintaining the vertical stress constant. This should simulate the soil in a similar manner to that of a CNS pile-soil interface shear test, but allowing the vertical stress to remain constant which is more realistic to the field situation. Shear behaviours observed in these simulations were very similar to the results from previous researchers' lab shearing tests. With the normal stress and shear stress obtained from the virtual models, the friction angle and the shaft friction factor β mentioned in the API-2007 offshore pile design guideline were calculated and compared with the API recommended values.


Informal financing risk not only affects the development of the real economy,but also endangers the stability of the society. It is urgent to study the causes and risk management mode of informal financing. In Williamson's discriminating alignment hypothesis,this paper constructed an informal financing discriminating alignment model to assess Chinese informal financing governance reason and mode. We perform a Wenzhou case study and conclude that the governance model and transaction characteristics do not match,which is the governance reason for financing risk. Establish the third-party governance is the best solvency for this problem. Conclusion of this article provided a policy reference for controlling the risk of informal financing so as to provide financial support for entity and achieve steady economic development.


Chimpanzees use tools extensively, but tool-assisted hunting has been reported at only two sites thus far. Systematic tool-assisted hunting has only been recorded at the Fongoli site in Senegal, where hundreds of cases have been recorded of chimpanzees using tools to hunt bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) prey. Here, we report a putative case of tool-assisted hunting at the Bantan study site in southeastern Senegal, based on indirect evidence of tools and tool-making traces in a context similar to that observed at neighboring Fongoli chimpanzee community. If our interpretations are correct, the simplest explanation is that Fongoli females have dispersed to this neighboring community, bringing with them the behavior of tool-assisted hunting. However, the persistence and frequency of tool-assisted hunting at other sites in Senegal is still unknown. Tool-assisted hunting in the Bantan chimpanzee community would present only the third such known site for such behavior among wild chimpanzees thus far.


[1] A new spectral bin microphysical scheme (SBM) was implemented into the Weather Research and Forecasting model referred to as Fast-SBM, which uses a smaller number of size distribution functions than the original version of the scheme referred to as Exact-SBM. It was shown that both schemes produced similar dynamical and microphysical structure of a squall line simulated. An excellent agreement in the simulated precipitation amounts between the schemes was found within a range of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations from 100 to 3000 cm−3. The Fast-SBM requires about 40% of the computing power of the Exact-SBM, allowing it to be used for "real-time" simulations over limited domains. The results obtained using the SBM simulations have been compared with those using a modified version of the Thompson bulk parameterization scheme. The main extension of the bulk scheme was the implementation of the process of drop nucleation, so that drop concentration is no longer prescribed a priori but rather calculated using the prescribed aerosol concentration. This scheme is referred to as the Drop scheme. A large set of sensitivity studies have been performed, in which microphysical parameters and precipitation, droplet nucleation above cloud base, etc., have been compared with those obtained from SBM. The SBM scheme produces more realistic dynamical and microphysical structure of the squall line. The Drop scheme did relatively little to change the cloud structures simulated by the bulk scheme. Unlike the SBM simulations that show different precipitation sensitivities to aerosol concentrations in relatively dry and humid environments, the Drop scheme indicates monotonic decrease in precipitation with increasing aerosol concentrations.


Abstract : A Utility Infrasonic Monitoring System, M-7, functionally similar to the M-4 system developed by ESSA, was designed and developed. The system is easy to transport and install, operable without commercial power or telephone lines, and workable for extended periods without servicing. The system is provided with noise-reducing arrays, sensors, electronics equipment, a timing system, and both magnetic-tape and ink-on-paper-tape recorders. The system can operate with a single sensor or with as many as six sensors, and it can record all data at a single location or at each sensor. (Author)


The present invention provides a Chinese medicine oral preparation for effectively curing pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and its preparation method. It is made up by using 8 Chinese medicinal materials of scutellaria root, lonicera flower, salvia root, astragalus root, Chinese angelica root and others. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of said preparation method.


Bachelor thesis Domestic Violence Against Women deals with this topic in a complex method. It tries to describe the key definitions and causes. It indicates the subjects - woman as a victim and culprit (the aggressor). It also describes the usual forms of domestic violence together with its cycles. It lists the most well-known non-profit-making organizations that help to the victims of domestic violence, interdisciplinary societies, and legislative concerning this problem. In the last practical part of the thesis there is an interview with two domestic violence victims.


This article provides a thorough history of Air Canada, now 70 years old. The author describes conditions in the 1930s in Canada that led to the nascent Canadian airline industry, the effects of the Depression on air travel in Canada, and the early relationship between United and Air Canada. The airline's first flight, on September 1, 1937, lasted 50 minutes, and traveled between Vancouver and Seattle. The airline's greatest early challenge was flying across the Rocky Mountains during the winter. Like United, the airline's first flight attendants were trained nurses. The article includes a number of photographs of early aircraft and personnel who helped shape the airline. It also includes an historical list of Air Canada's innovations over the past 70 years


The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol which delivers packets strictly in order. For signaling protocols which send multiple independent requests within one single TCP session, the loss of a TCP packet may therefore lead to increased delay for later signaling requests. This phenomenon is known as Head-of-Line Blocking (HoLB) and for instance has led to the standardization of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a transport protocol for SS7 over IP. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of HoLB for another signaling protocol, i.e. the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). We introduce a two layer measurement methodology which allows differentiating several types of delay (e.g. due to congestion control, transmission and HoLB), and discuss the resulting correlations between delay, loss and HoLB duration for TCP.


We aim to study the online consumption characteristics of the students of the undergraduate courses in Administration and Accounting Sciences of the Sousa Campus of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Connectivity through the devices and the need for contact between people are part of the modern world, taking as an example e-commerce and constant growth. With the model of doing business through the internet, came the changes in people in the form of consuming goods and services, thus creating new consumption habits. In this context, the study has as study the online consumption characteristics of the students of the undergraduate courses in Administration and Accounting Sciences of the Sousa Campus of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The research is classified as quantitative, descriptive, explanatory and field research, using a questionnaire in interviews with the target audience of the study. With the obtained data, it was possible to trace the demographic profile of the students studied, characterized by a predominant age between 18 and 24 years, due to the application of the questionnaire to university students. It was verified that the internet is the main source of information of the interviewees in relation to the acquisition of products and services. Thus, it was possible to verify that the consumer characteristics of the respondents are similar to the profile of the national consumer, in particular the familiarization with the online shopping environment. The results of the survey served to confirm the reality that consumers have on the Internet an ally when it comes to informing about possible purchases.


Objective:To investigate the improvement of bone mineral density in 48 hyper-thyroid patients after antithyroid drug therapy.Methods:The bone mineral density of 48 young hyperthyroid patients and 19 healthy subjects was measured by SXA,and meantime serum thyroid function was measured by immunochemiluminescent.The patients was divided into three groups according to the interval of the time elapsed between the initial diagnosis of the hyperthyroidism and the measurement of SXA were recorded:group A:≤3 months,group B:3-12 months,group C:12 months,and then the bone mineral density of the different stage was evaluated.Results:The bone mineral density of group B(-1.41±0.25) was not different from that of group A(-2.02±0.74),which was signifinant in group C(-0.14±0.74),and there was no differences between C and the control group(-0.12±0.68.) Conclusion:The decrease of the bone mineral density in hyperthy-roid patients has definite reversibility after antithyroid drug therapy.


BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus pandemic has dramatically impacted our lives. This study aimed to analyze the structural changes in providing emergency surgical care to children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AIM: The purpose of this work was to analyze.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the number of people seeking emergency surgical care in the emergency department during the period of strict coronavirus restrictions to the same period the previous year (2019) and the number of patients hospitalized for emergency surgical treatment.
RESULTS: Compared with the pre-COVID period, the number of visits from children with suspected acute surgical pathology (acute appendicitis, purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, and injuries of the abdomen and chest) decreased by more than twofold (from 527 to 241 patients, p 0.01). A similar trend was observed with hospitalizations, which significantly decreased from 139 to 66 children (p 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The data revealed referral and hospitalization characteristics of children with acute surgical pathology. Thus, the new coronavirus pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of emergency surgical care to children.


This µaper describes a case of double intus susception of the terminal ileum due to two se parate carcinoid tumours which presented as a distal small bowel obstruction. This article will show that small bowel obstruction in a patient of this age may be due to a carcinoid tumour and that the tumour may be seen on X-ray.


This paper deals with selective maintenance of a multistate series system working under time-varying environmental (or operational) conditions. The environmental conditions are evolving dynamically during the mission and influence the degradation rate of each component and the whole system. We assume that the environmental conditions vary as a continuous-time Markov chain. The components are maintained during the maintenance break between two consecutive missions performing maintenance actions: do-nothing, imperfect, and perfect maintenance. The selective maintenance optimization problem is used to find the optimal maintenance strategy in order to maximize the expected system reliability in the next mission subjected to maintenance time and budget limitations. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the reliability of the system at the end of the next mission considering variable environmental/operational conditions. An example is provided to demonstrate the importance of considering the uncertainty in environmental (or operational) conditions.


Formaldehyde (HCHO), as one of the main indoor toxic pollutions, presents a great threat to human health. Hence, it is imperative to efficiently remove HCHO and create a good indoor living environment for people. Herein, a layered perovskite material SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT), was studied for the first time and exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency and stability compared to commercial TiO2 (P25). Furthermore, a unique dark–light tandem catalytic mechanism was constructed. In the dark reaction stage, HCHO (Lewis base) site was adsorbed on the terminal (Bi2O2)2+ layer (Lewis acid) site of SBT in the form of Lewis acid-base complexation and was gradually oxidized to CO32− intermediate (HCHO → DOM (dioxymethylene) → HCOO− → CO32−). Then, in the light reaction stage, CO32− was completely converted into CO2 and H2O (CO32− → CO2). Our study contributes to a thorough comprehension of the photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO and points out its potential for day–night continuous work applications in a natural environment.


automotive part comprising an energy absorber intended to be placed between a bumper skin and a rigid structure (13) fixed to the vehicle body, characterized in that it includes an integral air inlet grid the absorber, said gate being provided with fixing means (12) bumper skin


This study utilizes Iowa 2006 Public Use Micro-sample data (PUMS) to investigate key economic, social, and workforce participation characteristics of Iowa's foreign born populations, primarily Hispanic - Latin Americans, Asians, Africans, and Europeans. The findings indicate that there are polar outcomes in skill and compensation levels depending on the occupations of the foreign born residents, their primary industry, and their overall education levels


to ignore the need to collect objects and information concerning the present and the recent past. The registration presented in this essay represents the start of a larger project aimed at implementing the passenger traffic between Esbjerg and England from the 1960s on, placed in a Danish as well as an international context. It is of great interest to study the present development of the ferry traffic between other Scandinavian countries and Great Britain. By comparison, the transport of tourists and cars between Bergen and Newcastle remains strong today, especially during summer. In the winter season, however, the ferry functions to a larger extent as a nightclub. In contrast to Denmark, Norway as a non EUmember may continue the sale of taxfree alcohol and tobacco. The introduction of lowpriced airline tickets between Bergen and UK cities from 2003 will certainly constitute a great menace to this ferry link. A more comparative approach to some of the themes dealt with in this yearbook may prove fruitful to both local and foreign readers. The yearbook remains first and foremost, however, a source of information on the activities taking place at the Esbjerg museum and connected institutions, and as such is a successful enterprise. The contributions are well written and quite readable.


There is provided a network node device capable of selecting a route without requiring a large-scale and complicated information management system. Input lines (11-1 to 11-m) receive a data packet and transfer the received data packet to a routing and switching unit (12). The routing and switching unit (12) extracts a character code address from the data packet received from the input lines (11-1 to 11-m), searches a routing table (14) by using the character code address as an identifier, and determines an output line from output lines (13-1 to 13-n). The routing and switching unit (12) transmits the received data packet using the determined output line.


Data are available on the quantitative determination of cholinesterase in the serum' and skeletal muscle2 of patients with myasthenia gravis. Serum cholinesterase measured in these studies is not the acetylcholinesterase involved in impulse transmission at the myoneural junction and therefore does not reflect the activity of the specific enzyme at the neuromuscular junction. Quantitative determinations of acetylcholinesterase in striated muscle fail to provide a concept of activity at individual motor end-plates, and surely vary with the end-plate population of the muscle sample evaluated. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate acetylcholinesterase activity at motor end-plates of striated muscle. A histochemical method was utilized in order to compare this activity in muscles from patients with myasthenia gravis at necropsy with that in the muscle of non-myasthenic controls.


During the past five years the Single Leg Hybrid Riser (SLHR) has been selected for a number of worldwide deepwater developments. SLHRs comprise of a number of components including a vertical steel pipe spanning the majority of the water column, a buoyancy tank to provide top tension, and a flexible jumper to connect the steel pipe section to the floating production vessel. The interfaces between these components are often managed through fabricated structures. Global analysis of SLHRs requires a detailed understanding of their complex response to ensure that an acceptable design is obtained which takes advantage of all the benefits of the hybrid riser system – specifically a reduced requirement for high-quality welding and inspection due to low fatigue damage rates and reduced vessel payload. A number of analysis studies are required including extreme stress analysis, fatigue assessment (due to vessel motions and vortex-induced-vibration) and clearance analysis. In addition, loads must be obtained for input into the design of the fabricated structures and local FEA models. This paper presents an overview of the analysis typically conducted for deep water SLHRs to and a summary of the approach used for exchanging information between local and global analysis models and software. Background The Single Leg Hybrid Riser (SLHR) concept has been selected for a number of deepwater developments offshore West Africa, Brazil and in the Gulf of Mexico. The concept allows riser installation ahead of the floating production unit (FPU) arrival giving significant development schedule flexibility. Furthermore the concept offers substantial motion decoupling between the FPU and the riser, reducing fatigue damage. FPU hang-off loads are also substantially reduced when compared with SCRs or flexible pipes making it an attractive solution for deepwater applications, when turret moored vessels are required or where a large number of riser are envisaged. The concept is suitable for production, service, injection, gas lift and export duties. The SLHR concept comprises of a number of components and can vary slightly from development to development. In all cases a vertical steel pipe is connected to a foundation system near the seabed and tension is maintained by a buoyancy tank. The connection between the foundation and vertical steel pipe is made through a lower assembly which typically includes a flexible elastomeric joint to avoid inducing bending loads on the foundation. The buoyancy tank is located some distance beneath sea level to reduce the


In the Netherlands the first official inter-religious dialogues were initiated in the first half of the 1970s. But the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, one of the most important churches had taken the first steps towards an attitude of dialogue already in 1949 and 1950. The atrocities against the Jews and the deportation of the 90 per cent of the Dutch Jews in the Second World War as well as the solidarity deeply felt by many church members with the new state of Israel prompted this church, and later two other large mainline churches, to alter their attitudes towards Jews and Judaism. After 1970 they extended these dialogues to Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists, who together outnumber the Jews today. The altered Dutch religious landscape had made inter-religious dialogue inevitable. This dialogue was held with migrants, so the position of the adherents of non-Christian religions was weaker than that of Christians. This inequality is reflected in the dialogue, for it became predominantly a dialogue of life, in which the Christians started with helping their partners to find a good position in Dutch society. The dialogue with the Jews, however, already quickly became a dialogue of the mind. In the second half of the 1990s a dialogue of the mind was initiated with Muslims, and in the first decade of the twenty-first century with some Hindus. The vulnerability of migrants was underscored by the impact of the governments in their countries of origin and by the fact that the Christians paid for almost everything. In 2000 the churches began to hesitate; nonetheless they remained in dialogue.


Periodic pulses of polarized electromagnetic radiation can be generated whose intensity diminishes with the distance ${R}_{P}$ from their source like ${R}_{P}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ instead of ${R}_{P}^{\ensuremath{-}2}.$ The source required is an extended charge with a rotating distribution pattern whose outer parts move with linear phase speeds exceeding the speed of light in vacuo. The coherence and beaming of the radiation in question stem from constructive interference of the emitted waves and formation of caustics. These processes take place at different distances from the source for different sets of waves, so that the propagating wave packets embodying the pulses are constantly dispersed and reconstructed out of other waves.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of minocycline in promoting the survival of pheochromocytoma (PCI2) cells exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and explore the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS
An in vitro cell model of cerebral ischemia was established by OGD for 6 h in PCI2 cells with pretreatment with minocycline or an ERK1/2 inhibitor. At 24 h after OGD injury, the cells were evaluated for cell viability by MTT assay and expressions of heme oxygenase-I (HO-I) and phospholylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by Western blotting.

RESULTS
The cell viability decreased dramatically following OGD. Pretreatment with minocycline (O.I-IO JJ.mol/L) induced a significant increase in the cell viability after OGD and caused up-regulation of HO-I protein and enhanced ERK1/2 phospholylation, and the effects were especially obvious with 1 JJ.mol/L minocycline and were abolished by inhibition of ERK1/2 activity with UOI26 (IO JJ.mol/L).

CONCLUSION
Minocycline can protect PCI2 cells against OGD-induced toxicity by up-regulating HO-I protein expression through ERKl/2 signaling pathways.


Two‐point functions associated with the Federbush, massless Thirring, and continuum Ising models and their boson analogs are studied. In the Thirring case it is shown that the fields do not define operator‐valued distributions, while temperedness of the two‐point Wightman function is proved in the Ising case and in the Federbush case for a certain range of coupling constants. By relating the short‐distance singularity of the Schwinger functions to the high‐energy behavior of the spectral measures it is shown the fields cannot be made to satisfy the CCR/CAR by a rescaling. In the fermionic Federbush case this breakdown of the CAR occurs in spite of the fact that the fields correspond to a local Lagrangian.


ZnO nanowires were grown through CVD method,and SEM,TEM and PL spectroscopy system were used to characterize its morphology,crystal structure and optical properties.Due to the effect of Au SPR on ZnO nanowire,its PL spectra increased by 20 times at the UV region and decreased remarkably at the green region when it was coated by Au film.Through the annealing experiments,the competition mechanism between intrinsic transition and defect transition in ZnO material proved to be of great effect on its PL spectra.The results showed that the intrinsic transition of annealed ZnO nanowire decreased remarkably,while its defect transition increased.When coated by Au film,the PL spectra of annealed ZnO nanowire increased by almost 30 times at the UV region.The improvements are more remarkable than those reported results.


Discusses the impact of the UK having opted into Regulation 4/2009 (Maintenance Regulation) on applications, under the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984, for a pension sharing order in respect of a UK pension by individuals who divorced abroad. Explains the three stage process for applications for financial relief under s.12 of the 1984 Act. Considers the meaning of maintenance and whether pensions fall within its scope. Outlines provisions on jurisdiction in the Regulation. Identifies the practical application of the Regulation, including the implications for premarital agreements.


In the previous two essays in this series, I chronicled the extraordinary impact that the basic medical sciences have had on the human condition over the past century, and attempted to identify the key ingredients that enabled scientists to produce such transformative outcomes. This third (and final) essay in this series will appraise the prospects and challenges for sustaining such productive basic sciences in current societal environments. This is important, because in recent years there has been a growing emphasis on both translational research and on highly organized 'top-down' projects involving networks of multiple (and even many) laboratories designed to take advantage of new scalable data-gathering technologies. Unfortunately, these developments have come largely at the expense of individual investigator-initiated basic science, and now even threaten to overwhelm it. Certainly, we need both applied and large-scale science, but when overall resources are limited or declining, it is all the more important to articulate the value of fundamental research to the public – be it family, friends, disease interest groups, funding agencies or politicians. To anticipate, it is my view that the major factor determining our global capacity to innovate in public health is how we balance the 'patience' needed to establish and maintain the stable multigenerational cultures needed for great basic science against the 'urgency' of short-term needs. Scientists in the United States enjoyed generous, growing long-term support for basic science in the wake of World War II and the subsequent Cold War, permitting the dramatic successes just chronicled. However, the traditional American model of funding young scientists independently requires exponential budgetary growth, and this is no longer sustainable. So far, the USA has failed to transition to a new steady-state model that retains the key ingredients for success. Instead, the USA is shifting from patience toward urgency: funding is increasingly topdown, targeted, directed at large projects, shorter term, and unstable. Meanwhile, investigator-initiated basic science projects are provided with subthreshold budgets because of the desire to spread the remaining funds around, all the while maintaining the official fiction that the projects are fully funded. 'Almost 80 years after the historic transplant of the culture of fundamental European science, will the historically pragmatic American host ultimately reject this vital graft'? As we learned from the German history in the 1930s, it is far easier to destroy an established scientific culture than to build it in the first place. It took several decades for Germany in particular, and Europe in general, to recover momentum from the precipitous loss of scientists and scientific culture in the Second World War era. Happily, with solid investments in individuals (rather than programs) Europe regained its position gradually if not explosively. However, chronic underfunding (including in the UK) with some notable exceptions (notably Germany and Switzerland) has


Introduction : Osteoarthritis (OA) refers to progressive degeneration of articular cartilage with gradual painful disorganisation of the joint. Lipid peroxidation mediated by free radicals is the major mechanism of cell membrane destruction and cell damage. It is a known that there is an increased oxidative stress in OA and very little is known about the relation between the pain and decreased antioxidant levels. This study aimed at understanding the relation between the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of synovial fluid in OA knee with the intensity of pain. Materials and Methods : 30 patients with clinicoradiologically evidence of knee OA were included in the study and pain was scored using Visual Analog Scale. 1ml synovial fluid was aspirated from the knee and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was estimated. Statistical analysis between the pain score and the SOD and the TAC was done independently by Spearman's rank correlation method and correlation coefficient was obtained. Results : It was found that SOD and the TAC values were reduced in our subjects with mean value of 0.06477 ± 0.044814 and 122.51000 ± 50.764829 respectively. The mean value of pain was 6.70 ± 1.317. A significant correlation between SOD level and pain score (p<0.05) was obtained. However, the correlation between TAC level and pain score was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion : The study concluded that there is a positive correlation between the intensity of pain and SOD levels in the synovial fluid in OA of knee which is due to the increased free radicals produced.


This case study of the process by which regulations for the blue crab fishery in Virginia were passed in January reveals the difficulties inherent in the policy making process within a democratic context, difficulties that affect not only decision-making but also the process of design and of analysis.


DEWI LEVIANTI. The Influence of Profitability, Dividend Policy, Corporate Tax and Business Risk to Debt Policy on Real Estate and Property Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2011-2014. Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta, 2017. This research aims to examine and analyse the influence of profitability, dividend policy, corporate tax and business risk to debt policy. From 43 populations, researcher obtained samples as many as 27 real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (BEI) in 2011-2014. The sample selection method uses purposive random sampling method. The data that is used in this research consists of annual financial reports obtained from Indonesia stock exchange website, company websites, and Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD), as data of quarterly financial statements of period I-IV obtained from Indonesia stock exchange (BEI) website and The Indonesia Capital Market Institute (TICMI) website. The research method uses quantitative method with casuality design research. The Method of data analysis is panel data regression by doing chow test and hausman test resulting the best panel data regression model is the random effect model. The result research shows that profitability has positive significant effect on debt policy, while other independent variables such as dividend policy, corporate tax and business risks do not have a significant effect on debt policy.

Keywords: Debt policy, profitability, dividend policy, corporate tax, business risk.


In the deterministic inversion approaches for aperture synthesis radiometers(ASRs) imaging,the statistical property about the prior of brightness temperature distribution(BTD) is not taken into account.Aimed at the extended sources with discontinuous BTD,a sparse prior based statistical inversion approach(SIA) for ASRs imaging is proposed.According to the SIA,a modified difference operator is used to extract the implicit sparse prior about the discontinuous BTD of the extended sources,and the equivalent hierarchical prior Gaussian model for the sparse prior probability distribution is constructed.Then the inversion of ASRs is recast as hyperparameter estimation,and the expectation maximization algorithm is proposed to estimate the hyperparameter.The simulations and experiments show that the sparse prior based SIA can improve the radiometric accuracy of the reconstructed image and is more robust to the impacts of the imperfections of the ASRs as compared to the deterministic inversion approaches.


Constructing Sustainable Smart Water Supply systems are facing serious challenges all around the world with the fast expansion of modern cities. Water quality is influencing our life ubiquitously and prioritizing all the urban management. Traditional urban water quality control mostly focused on routine tests of quality indicators, which include physical, chemical, and biological groups. However, the inevitable delay for biological indicators has increased the health risk and leads to accidents such as massive infections in many big cities. In this paper, we first analyze the problem, technical challenges, and research questions. Then, we provide a possible solution by building a risk analysis framework for the urban water supply system. It takes indicator data we collected from industrial processes to perceive water quality changes, and further for risk detection. In order to provide explainable results, we propose an Adaptive Frequency Analysis (Adp-FA) method to resolve the data using indicators' frequency domain information for their inner relationships and individual prediction. We also investigate the scalability properties of this method from indicator, geography, and time domains. For the application, we select industrial quality data sets collected from a Norwegian project in four different urban water supply systems, as Oslo, Bergen, Strømmen, and Ålesund. We employ the proposed method to test spectrogram, prediction accuracy, and time consumption, comparing with classical Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest methods. The results show our method better perform in most of the aspects. It is feasible to support industrial water quality risk early warnings and further decision support.


The aim of this study was to analyse outcomes of spleen‐preserving (SPDP) and spleen‐sacrificing (SSDP) distal pancreatectomy in adults with severe blunt pancreatic injuries.


This special issue of National Identities explores the social and cultural practises of nationhood and the articulation of nations and states in sport contexts. The dominant models of nations and nationalism studies centre on a received paradigm that has an implicit but seldom critically articulated association with states – that is, the nation-state equation appears as axiomatic in many cases of nationalism studies where the received version of politics holds that a nation without a state is incomplete or in some way not a real nation. This issue unpicks these issues through a set of discussions that will explore one of the most pervasive, banal, and comprehensive areas of this taken-for-granted association of culture, nations and states, i.e., sport.

There is a set of sports and other cultural practices that disrupt this axiomatic association of nations/states and identities: we see these in, for instance, indigenous sports (such as the question of the Iroquois Nationals' travel documents, visas and attendance at the World Lacrosse Championships), events such as the VIVA World Cup for football teams representing nations without states, in various post-national and post-colonial understandings of sport-as-cultural practice such as the place of cricket in South Asian and West Indies diaspora communities, and in transnational/transcultural sports events such as the Francophone Games that seem to be premised on a cultural nation beyond the state.

Papers in the issue analyse rugby, wine and regional identies in France (Occitania), Cornish sporting identities, the potential for normative rules of international sports representation, Circassian sporting identities in the context of Russian nationialism associated with the winter Olympics in Sochi, national and indigenous associations of skiing in northern Norway (Sami) and claims to nationhood in the context of the 2010 VIVA Football World Cup. Our opening essay considers the question of the palce of the state in claims to sporting nationalism.


This innovation project brought new spelt brown soda mix, seasonal and new breads of the world products to customers, and developed a range of product concepts including a scone mix, desserts, reformulated soda mixes and spelt brown soda mixes, cookie mixes, doughnut fillings, a crossing mix and a coconut confectionary mix. The Project aims were to bring technical services and bespoke ingredients that met technical, organoleptic or functional challenges to the company's existing bakery customers. Evidence of achievement exists in the form of sales of new spelt brown soda mix and a range of seasonal and new breads of the world products, a scone mix which has been scaled up and is ready for launch, a range of product prototypes, established new product development procedures for seasonal products and a preliminary business case for a new blending facility. The knowledge resulting from the project has helped service customers and generate new seasonal brochures, contributed to the quality role within the company, centralised recipes and product information guides, reduced stock duplication, and strengthened the innovation team.


A profile of the Republic of Korea is sketched in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the nature, scope, and accomplishments of population activities in the country. Topics and sub-topics include: location and description of the country; population (size, growth patterns, age structure, urban/rural distribution, ethnic and religious composition, migration, literacy, economic status, future trends); population growth and socio-economic development (relationships to national income, size of the labor force, agriculture, social welfare expenditures); history of population concerns; population policies; population programs (objectives, organization, operations, research and evaluation); private efforts in family planning; educational and scientific efforts in population; and foreign assistance for family planning


The advent of personal computers can bring powerful analytical techniques to individuals for relatively little expense. As with any computer work, database building can be tedious and time consuming. Putting aside the time spent, the way such a database is used is most important. For interpretation work, the effort invested can be a valuable addition to understanding the earth, its hydrocarbon resources, and its drillable prospects. Using an interactive relational database program and files with discovery-well information, one can determine quickly, and without subsurface mapping, the regional dip direction of a single productive formation. Another possible application is assessing quickly if the magnitude of the discoveries in the county is appropriate for continued investment. Also, it is possible to determine the trend of multiple pay areas within a county. Determining which formations are suitable exploration targets by separating the productive formations stratigraphically is yet another application. A reasonable estimate of pay thickness can be determined and used for volumetric estimates of hydrocarbon reserves for prospects generated within a county. Other uses include searching the county for the name of an operating company which has recently sold production and examining the characteristics of a single oil or gas field. Examples frommore » Goliad, Montgomery, and Stephens Counties, Texas, and Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, are used to illustrate these points. These are but a few of a multitude of possible applications available to the earth scientist.« less


Old-Goa is a world Heritage site declared by UNESCO, and well known for its rich built Heritage and culture having more than 50 monuments and sites of high significance. The area consists of a number of churches, convents and monuments way back from 16 th century of innovative construction technology and architecture of significant value. The area surrounding the monuments with the surrounding architecture, height and bulk of the buildings has come under the threat of new developments without maintaining the harmony. These buildings are non contributory and also detracting the surrounding area. If the surrounding area development continues in a non- harmonious way, then the visibility of the heritage structures will be lost and the very purpose of protecting the monuments will be defeated. This paper brings out the issues of regulations around monuments and areas and suggests guidelines for the development of heritage monuments and areas of special zones. th Century on the banks of river Mandovi and was the second capital of the Bijapur Kingdom. It was a port city during the regime of Vijayanagar and Kadamba kings and conquered by the Portuguese ruler Alfonso de Albuquerque in 1510 from the Sultan of Bijapur. The city served as Portuguese India's administrative seat. The Portuguese constructed Churches and convents during their tenure and Old-Goa was a flourished city. During the 17 th century, epidemics of plaque destroyed the city and it was left abandoned. The capital then shifted to Panaji, it was then the city earned the name "Velha Goa" which means "Old-Goa" in Portuguese. Ruled by Portuguese ruler, Old- Goa has a number of Monuments, churches and convents. Most of these churches date back to the 16th century and are best examples of Manueline and Gothic architecture having very intricate detailing and ornamentation. II. Importance Of Old-Goa Old-Goa is gifted with scenic beauty, and is an important heritage city in terms of its historical back ground, rich built monuments and churches in unique Architecture i.e., in Manueline, Gothic, Tuscan, Ironic, Corinthian and Baroque which are rarely seen all over the globe. The innovative construction technology used for building the monuments in laterite blocks and lime plastered. Old Goa, the burial place of St. Francis Xavier, known for its unique cultural atmosphere, which is the result of the influences absorbed after 450 years long Portuguese rule. The influence has left a deep impact on the local traditions in all spheres and has formed a distinct cultural identity of the people of Goa. St. Francis Xavier had come to Goa to bless this land and its people. His mortal remains and spirit still resided at the imposing Church of Basilica of Bom Jesus. He was an instrumental to carry out with him the gospel of Jesus but more than that he also carried a way of life of people, their ethos and a rich culture in which perhaps dance, music, arts, crafts, architecture, festivals, fun and frolic were all entwined with each other. Old-Goa, therefore, has become "A symbol of religious coexistence, tolerance, and a unique example of cross fertilization of cultures in our vast, multi-racial, multi- lingual, multidimensional complex society". It has developed a strong identity of being "nature's own beautiful gift" that combines all the three aspects of heritage namely natural heritage, built heritage and cultural heritage. It is now an important tourist destination for national and international tourist.


Aiming for the actual production of carbon enterprises, the optimization problem of master production scheduling in carbon enterprises was studied. With the purpose of minimizing production and inventory costs in planning horizon, the paper established an optimization model of master production scheduling by using the unit time earliness and tardiness penalty of products. The paper proposed the use of genetic algorithm to the optimization model simulation. The simulation results not only make the minimum cost, but also meet production capacity and market demand. This paper provides a feasible and practical method for production scheduling in carbon enterprises.


Smoothing as a way to improve the carrier phase estimation is proposed and analyzed. The performance of first-and second-order Kalman optimum smoothers are investigated. This perfomance is evaluated in terms of steady-state covariance error computation, dynamic tracking, and noise response. It is shown that with practical amounts of memory, a second-order smoother can have a position error due to an acceleration or jerk step input less than any prescribed maximum. As an example of importance to the NASA deep space network (DSN), a second-order smoother can be used to track the Voyager spacecraft at Uranus and Neptune encounters with significantly better performance than a second-order phaselocked loop.


THE writer's interest in William Catesby arose in the first place mainly on account of Catesby's election as Speaker for the Commons in the short parliament of January-February 1484,1 the only parliament held by Richard III during his brief reign of little more than two years. It had been the case that in more than half of the forty parliaments which had met since the accession of Henry V in 1413 the Speaker was a trained lawyer who more likely than not filled an administrative or legal office in the royal civil service in one or other of its branches. Some Speakers of this type had been caught up in high-level politics during the struggle for power which had led to the displacement of the Lancastrian by the Yorkist dynasty in 1461. Catesby belonged to this kind of professional administrative expert who, in a determined and even ruthless pursuit of private interest and self-aggrandisement, was prepared to run the risks of involvement in political intrigue. But it was only in the sharp hectic crisis of 1483, in which Richard, Duke of Gloucester, converted his Protectorship for the minority of his twelve-yearsold nephew, Edward V, into an usurpation of the throne itself, that Catesby came into prominence as one of the assistantengineers of this palace revolution. Catesby was a member of a family whose social status was not particularly outstanding. As gentry they were well found. But as the son and heir of a former retainer in the Household of Henry VI whose real sympathies had remained Lancastrian, his way in politics was very much his own to make. An apprentice-at-law, before the end of Edward IV's reign he was acting as legal counsel to those who controlled that peculiar complex of royal estates, the Duchy of Lancaster, and also putting his talents as an estate-agent at the disposal of a number


Controlled languages are constructed languages that have precise coverage bounds and are designed to satisfy linguistic constraints such as greatly reduced ambiguity. Cap Volmac has been developing software and linguistic resources for controlled language processing. In this paper, we consider the characteristics of controlled languages as opposed to a related concept, sublanguages, the process of designing controlled language systems. We illustrate the correction mechanism, and its integration in a document creation environment, with examples from Simplified English. Finally, we discuss an extension of the use of controlled languages to machine translation.


This study investigated mechanisms of secondary nucleation for the crystallization of the protein hen egg white lysozyme. A parametric study of the secondary nucleation of lysozyme in a stirred tank crystallizer was performed, testing the influence of stirrer speed, the size and volume of added seed crystals, solution temperature, supersaturation, and sodium chloride concentration on measured nucleation rates. The measured rates were highly variable, which made assessment of the influence of experimental parameters difficult. Only stirrer speed exhibited significant influence over experimental variability (10-fold increase in nucleation rates with a 50% increase in stirring speed). These results were interpreted by comparison with parameter influence that is commonly observed with secondary nucleation of nonproteins. A novel tubular crystallizer was used to assess the influence on secondary nucleation of fluid shear forces acting on lysozyme crystals. It was observed that fluid shear forces acting on mounted lysozyme crystals do not notably influence secondary nucleation. Overall, the results suggest that attrition is an important source of secondary nuclei in lysozyme crystallization and that secondary nucleation caused solely by fluid shear forces is not.


This paper describes specific design features and improvements incorporated into the coal handling facility for Roy Tolk Station, a power plant utilizing western coal. Traditionally, western electric generation has been through the use of natural gas as a boiler fuel. Some utilities have selected western coal as an alternative due to high costs and the need to conserve natural gas. Special design considerations are necessary to cope with the friability and propensity for spontaneous combustion found in western coal. As a result of hands-on experience such as the Tolk Station, practices can be developed to reduce dusting, minimize routine clean-up, optimize system design and conserve washdown water.


PURPOSE: To determine the relative positions of diaphragms through the skin of the patient without simultaneously obstructing access to the diaphragms. CONSTITUTION: Fluid injected into fluid cavities 40, 32 through diaphragms 17, 18 flows through transition regions 65, 65a, the cross-sectional areas of the transition regions contracting smoothly from the corresponding fluid cavities 40, 42. A lock sleeve 80 imparts radial inward pressure to a catheter 70 sliding on an exit stem 20, to keep the catheter 70 securely attached to the exit stem 20. The top wall 16 of a cap 14 has a heightened positioning ridge 24 placed between and adjoining to the diaphragms 17, 18. A physician palpating the skin of the patient at the place of embedding uses the positioning ridge 24 to position the diaphragms 17, 18 differently and to identify them, while the ridge is shaped to be capable of preventing the necrosis of the tissue of the patient as it does not surround any region of the tissue.


Complexity and demands within higher education are seen to be rising and one
response to this has been a movement towards the adoption of more formal
approaches to workload management. The objectives of these systems revolve
around improving equity in allocations and achieving a more efficient and
transparent use of resources.This article draws from the work of a partnership
of 12 diverse universities to illustrate, through case studies, a school-driven and
a centrally led development for managing workloads. This activity is then
explored through the concept of convergent and divergent activity occurring
progressively at different organisational levels, and around ideas about the
dynamic relationship between continuity and change that this will involve.We
suggest that although the initial focus of activity may seem important, ultimately
viable systems involve a negotiated balance between central and local
requirements.


This report describes three cases of neurotoxicity secondary to meperidine. Three cases highlight the unique central nervous system excitatory effect of normeperidine; one highlights the CNS depressant effects. This report also reviews the neurotoxicity literature on meperidine. Case reports, series, and review articles were identified through a search of English language articles on MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine on-line computer literature data base) (1966-1992), and the bibliographies of other articles. The case reports and series describe neurotoxicity due to meperidine in normal and high risk patients. Accumulation of normeperidine, the active metabolite of meueridine, causes numerous adverse neurotoxic effects ranging from agitation to seizures. Patients with poor renal function or sickle cell anemia are at greatest risk; however, any patient may accumulate normeperidine. Treatment of normeperidine toxicity includes discontinuation of meperidine, switching to another opioid analgesic, and sup...


This thesis treats the conditions and methods of electronic communication in tax administration. The theoretic part describes the present state of electronic communication, main terms and some process modelling methods. The practical part introduces the process analysis execution according to the selected methodology and tools from the point of view of tax administration communication with its main clients - citizens. In the next part possible development of electronic communication in particular directions is proposed.


The dramatic successes in improving both duration and quality of life for persons living with sickle cell disease (SCD) over the last 70 years in developed countries have not been observed globally. Each year, approximately 300 000 children are born with SCD worldwide, with 75% of them being born in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In SSA, childhood mortality attributable to SCD remains extraordinarily high.1 In the first 50 years after the point mutation causing SCD was identified, persons living with SCD in the United States and Caribbean saw impressive increases in survival to adulthood.2 Early cohort studies andheightenedawarenessof the clinical outcomesof thedisease led to the knowledge that early diagnosis, infection preventionwith penicillin and vaccinations, parental education, and public health systems were critical to reducing childhoodmortality attributable to SCDto less than 5%. These practices have not been successfully implemented in many lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), where childhood mortality attributable to SCD still approaches 90%.3 In the last 20 years, enhanced understanding of the complex physiology of SCD has led to rapidly increasing efforts to develop new therapeutic agents. One of two FDA approved therapies for SCD, hydroxyurea, is widely available in high-income countries. In many LMICs in SSA, hydroxyurea is either unavailable or the cost of the drug is unaffordable tomost families.4,5 In order to maintain momentum toward improving quality of life and toward developing new therapies for persons with SCD, we must include all persons with SCD in research studies. This will not only ensure that successes in research are broadly inclusive and applicable, but also ensure that the phenotypic variability of the disease is fully understood. Access to clinical trial participation for persons living with SCD in SSA is increasing and the pipeline for new therapies is robust. A search of SCD studies listed at Clinicaltrials.gov reveals 692 trials involving 758 clinical sites.6 The United States has hosted 478 sites, compared to 111 in Europe, 30 in theCaribbean, and 41 inAfrica. Involving African sites in SCD trials has proven to be beneficial to all. Several recent trials of therapeutic agents for SCD that have included sites in Africa have met enrollment criteria quickly and efficiently.7,8 However, with many potential cultural and socioeconomic factors to consider in the process of obtaining informed consent for trial participation, non-African investigators must be cautious as we partner with colleagues inAfrica to includeAfrican childrenand families in SCD research. In the most recent issue of Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Carmen et al highlight the experience of caregivers of children with SCD choosing to participate in a study of the safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea in malaria-endemic Uganda.9 The authors performed a mixed methods analysis to identify factors that determine the caregivers' decision to participate in clinical research. The study team enrolled 206 participants (86% of whom were mothers) who completed a questionnaire, and a subset participated in focus group discussions. The outcomes of the study highlight important factors to consider when approaching patients for consent. The findings also highlight challenges unique to caring for childrenwith SCD in LMICs. The authors determined that an important motivating factor for study participation was the prospect of better access to care for the child with SCD. A 2015 workforce survey in Uganda suggests that there are one physician and six nurses/midwives per 10 000 population. Compare thatwith twoand15per10000 innearbyKenya (2014), 26 and 86 per 10 000 in the United States (2016), and 86 and 79 per 10 000 in Cuba (2017).10 The size of the healthcare workforce is strikingly discordant with the scope of the challenge: in the United States, approximately 3000 infants with SCD are born each year, whereas in Uganda, approximately 11 000 are born annually.1 The sheer volume of new patients needing care in Uganda and other countries in SSA is immense, making it difficult for even the most dedicated and efficient health care workers (not only hematologists) to provide quality comprehensive care. For families, participation in clinical trials offer a


In the present study, multivariate techniques and geostatistical cokriging were used to look into the groundwater salinization of district Faisalabad. The groundwater condition of district Faisalabad has become miserable because of the rapid increase in population, industrial wastes, and agrochemical application. As a result, majority of the people do not have access to pure drinking water and, consequently, polluted water is causing many deaths per year. A number of 220 water samples based on instructions of World Health Organization (WHO) were taken from four main sources such as hand pump, injector pump, tube well, and water supply. All samples were tested for 12 water quality parameters and summary statistics were calculated to compare the water quality parameters with WHO permissible limits. Initially, correlation matrix was constructed to evaluate the most significant parameters and later on used principal component analysis (PCA) to select those parameters causing maximum variation. Dendrogram based on cluster analysis conveyed same sort of information as delivered by PCA. First, factor of PCA contributed 41.6% of total variation. Six water quality parameters such as sulfate, calcium, total dissolved solids, sodium, chloride, and magnesium were found to be most alarming because all of these have factor loadings greater than 75%. Cross-variogram based on cokriging showed spatial dependence as well as positive pairwise spatial correlation among all parameters. The prediction maps highlighted the most dangerous and health hazard areas; therefore, may be very helpful for water management agencies to target those high-risk areas. It was found that the area with east latitude 31.0°–31.4° and north longitude 72.8°–73.2° is most alarming zone.


Objective To optimize the formula of Bushenwenfei Microemulsion. Methods BoxBehnken response surface method was used to investigate the amount of surfactant( S),cosurfactant( coS),oil which effect the preparation process of microemulsion with polydispersity index( PDI) as the index. DesignExpert software was applied to imitate,optimize and verify the process parameter. Results The optimal formula was as follows : the weight rate of surfactant( S),cosurfactant( coS),oil was63. 87: 21. 40: 15. 15. Validation test showed that the average particle size of microemulsion was( 18. 25 ± 0. 08) nm,PDI was( 0. 173 ±0. 02). Conclusion The BoxBehnken design can optimize the formulation objectively and optimizing microemulsion shows good physical stability.


The assessment and consideration of risks in the analysis of companies and projects play an important role in investment decisions. In the context of climate change new significant types of risk arise, such as physical risk, regulatory risk or risk of reputation. It can be shown that climate risks are additive, increasing the whole risk exposure significantly. Relevant studies have shown that depending on the sector climate risks will affect the value of assets (value at risk) up to double-digit percentage. Applying common methods and procedures these risks are generally determined and measured insufficiently. Thus, the provision for environmental and climate risks in the granting of credits, sell-side/buy-side research or due diligences is not adequate, although existing approaches would generally allow a valuation of these risks. The main target of this paper is firstly to analyse the problem of the 'debasement' of historical data especially in the light of climate change. In addition to that, relevant approaches for the process of financial analysis will be outlined in order to implement environmental and climate risks by means of adjusted risk premiums. In this context these approaches represent practical potentialities for the implementation of risk premiums as well as fundamental factors that have an impact on the investment decision. Here an important connection between risk measure, economic reference parameter and valuation method is developed.