In this paper, we focus on two kinds of large deviations principles (LDPs) of the invariant measures of Langevin equations and their numerical methods, as the noise intensity $\epsilon\to 0$ and the dissipation intensity $\nu\to\infty$ respectively. First, by proving the weak LDP and the exponential tightness, we conclude that the invariant measure $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}$ of the exact solution satisfies the LDPs as $\epsilon\to0$ and $\nu\to\infty$ respectively. Then, we study whether there exist numerical methods asymptotically preserving these two LDPs of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}$ in the sense that the rate functions of invariant measures of numerical methods converge pointwise to the rate function of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}$ as the step-size tends to zero. The answer is positive for the linear Langevin equation. For the small noise case, we show that a large class of numerical methods can asymptotically preserve the LDP of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}_{\epsilon>0}$ as $\epsilon\to0$. For the strong dissipation case, we study the stochastic $\theta$-method ($\theta\in[1/2,1]$) and show that only the midpoint scheme ($\theta=1/2$) can asymptotically preserve the LDP of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}_{\nu>0}$ as $\nu\to\infty$. These results indicate that in the linear case, the LDP as $\epsilon\to0$ and the LDP as $\nu\to\infty$ for the invariant measures of numerical methods have intrinsic differences: the common numerical methods can asymptotically preserve the LDP of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}_{\epsilon>0}$ as $\epsilon\to0$ while the asymptotical preservation of numerical methods for the LDP of $\{\mu_{\nu,\epsilon}\}_{\nu>0}$ as $\nu\to\infty$ depends on the choice of numerical methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result of investigating the relationship between the LDPs of invariant measures of stochastic differential equations and those of their numerical methods.


Aim. Assessment of the functional state of the diaphragm in patients with COPD who underwent COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients with COPD complicated by compensated chronic cor pulmonale (CCP): group 1 included 15 patients with COPD who had COVID-19, group 2 included 20 patients with COPD. Patients were examined 3 months after suffering COVID-19. The functional state of the diaphragm was studied using the VIVID S70N ultrasound diagnostic system.Results. The greatest decrease in the diaphragm dome height was detected in the 1st group (p=0.001). The excursion of the diaphragm during quiet breathing was increased in both groups, in the 2nd group the indicator was 11% more than in the 1st group. The diaphragm excursion during forced breathing was reduced in the 1st group (p=0.02). The rate of diaphragm excursion during inhalation and exhalation during quiet and forced breathing in both groups was significantly increased compared to the control group. However, in the 1st group, the rate of diaphragm excursion on expiration was 49% higher. These changes may indicate respiratory muscle fatigue in COPD patients who have had COVID-19. The thickness of the muscular part of the diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation during quiet breathing in both groups compared to the control group was significantly higher. These indicators in both groups did not significantly differ from each other. There was a decrease in the thickening fraction of the muscular part of the diaphragm during calm (p=0.01) and forced breathing (p=0.001) in both groups, which indicates the onset of fatigue of the muscles of the diaphragm in the 2nd group and the initial development of weakness of the diaphragm in the 1st group who had the greatest decrease in this indicator during forced breathing.Conclusion. Ultrasonic diagnostic methods significantly expand the possibilities for assessing the functional state of the diaphragm. Patients with COPD who have undergone COVID-19 are characterized by a significant increase in the thickness of the diaphragm, limitation of its mobility, and a slowdown in the rate of relaxation of the muscular part of the diaphragm.


The effect of no‐tillage (NT) (zero tillage) versus conventional tillage (CT) has been evaluated in rainfed conditions but has seldom been studied under irrigation, where soil sealing favours soil degradation. To contribute to this knowledge, this research analyses soil aggregate stability under disaggregation forces produced under irrigation (causing slaking and mechanical breakdown) and the susceptibility to soil sealing in soils cropped with irrigated maize. Soils were sampled from 0 to 2 and from 0 to 5 cm before maize planting. Soil aggregate stability against both disaggregation processes was expressed by the mean weight diameter (MWD). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was evaluated in aggregates of different size fractions that remained after the disaggregation processes. Soil sealing susceptibility was characterised by the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results confirmed the high disruption effect of slaking and mechanical breakdown processes. The MWD under those processes was up to 50% smaller and the susceptibility to seal was about three times higher in the soils under CT than under NT. The results of the top 0–2 cm layer showed an aggregate stability against mechanical breakdown 30% smaller than the 0–5 cm layer, which could be due to the soil surface sealing caused by drop impact. Greater MWDs were related to higher SOC values in the aggregates, which were about 20% higher in the soils under NT than under CT. Thus, NT represents an effective management in irrigated soils, reducing soil sealing and helping to maintain greater aggregate stability in soil surface against the disaggregation forces caused by drop impact and wetting processes.


This study was conducted to establish the shelf life of β-glucan microcapsules from the medicinal mushrooms (Phellinus baumii and Ganoderma lucidum). Changes in the quality attributes, including moisture content, color, and total bacterial count, of the β-glucan microcapsules were analyzed during storage for 5 months at 10℃, 25℃, and 40℃. The moisture content of β-glucan microcapsule from P. baumii did not show any significant difference during storage at 25℃ and 40℃, but decreased after 3 months storage at 10℃. The moisture content of the β-glucan microcapsule from G. lucidum showed slight increase and decrease during storage at 25℃ and 40℃, but at 10℃, showed an initial decrease for 3 months and then increased. ΔE values of β-glucan microcapsules from P. baumii and G. lucidum did not change during 5 months at various storage temperatures. The total bacterial count of the microcapsules from both P. baumii and G. lucidum maintained their initial values without significant changes according to storage period and temperature. Overall, the shelf life of β-glucan microcapsule from P. baumii was determined to be 30.11 months according to the moisture content and β-glucan microcapsule from G. lucidum was determined to be 24.82 months according to the total bacterial count. Thus, it is desirable to establish the storage period of 24 months at 25℃.


Surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis has always been a challenge for the surgeons {1-3}. An open approach for patients with Ulcerative colitis is commonly used {4} but with the advances in laparoscopy, minimally invasive pouch surgery has evolved as better option in terms of shorter hospital stay, reduced requirement for analgesia and early return to work {5-8}. we present a total laparoscopic technique with complete mobilization of the colon and rectum which involves intraoperative ligation and division of all major vessels with colonic and rectal mobilization in true anatomical surgical planes. Standardized approach to this surgery results in predictable clinical outcomes and is easy to teach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper investigates whether trade agreements help middle income countries to upgrade their product portfolio exported to high income countries. Combining product level trade flows from the CEPII-Baci database with information on product complexity from the Atlas of Economic Complexity and the DESTA database on trade agreements, this question is studied for a set of 135 countries between 2001 and 2013 based on a gravity framework. In this context, the development of the extensive and intensive margins for high complex products is considered as proxy for product upgrading. By exploiting the cross sectional dimension of the panel, this study finds that middle income countries export a wider product scope of complex goods if their trade relation is covered by an agreement including trade provisions related to competition, services and investments, compared to country pairs without an equivalent framework. Still, the consideration of the time dimension leads to ambiguous effect of these provisions. While positive estimation results for the intensive margin of complex goods are in line with related papers, negative effects on the extensive margin of complex goods are at odds with expectations of the mechanism between agreements and trade.


Methods of optical data processing based on the transformation of the degree of spatial coherence (DSC) are considered. The methods described are characterized by high speed processing and reduced sensitivity to phase noise and to accuracy of optical elements alignment.


Interest in western science among early Chosŏn Catholics had played a great role in their accepting of Catholicism. Indeed, many Catholics chose, as a method for the propagation of Catholicism, the use of western science to overcome a crisis that they had faced since 1785. Around 1789 King Chŏngjo launched large scale reformation of astronomical, geographical, and military practices and knowledge. It was for this reason that Chosŏn Catholics thought that King Chŏngjo would welcome western missionaries provided they brought with them western scientific knowledge. They believed that western missionaries, by helping King Chŏngjo's reformation policy, would reduce hostility towards Catholicism. Moreover, They believed that the arrival of missionaries would not only allow them to live safely as Catholics, but that it would also allow them personally to contribute to King Chŏngjo's plans for enhancing Chosŏn's prosperity and defense. However, as they came to realize the difficulty involved with inviting western missionaries from China, Chosŏn Catholics requested that the bishop in Peking send a 'big western vessel'. When they called for a 'big western vessel' they were asking for western missionaries to come directly from Euroupe to Chosŏn with a big ship filled with western scientific instruments and valuables. Due to the circumstance of Peking Church this wish of Chosŏn Catholics was not fulfilled. Nevertheless, Chosŏn Catholics were not daunted and continued to entreat the bishop in Peking until demise of King Chŏngjo. The reason was that they were well aware of King Chŏngjo's interest in western science, and places their hopes in him. However, when Chosŏn Catholics confronted a serious crisis following King Chŏngjo's death and wholesale religious persecution in 1801, Hwang Sa Young thought of more extreme methods. Nevertheless, Hwang's idea was obviously exceptional, as is revealed both by his writings and by his statement after arrested. Especially, in 1811 a letter sent to the Pope and the bishop in Peking, written by people who had studied under the early leaders of Chosŏn Catholic Church revealed the attitudes of the early Chosŏn Catholics. The letter revealed not only their thoughts about western ships, but also their devotion to and concern for King Sunjo, despite his severe persecution of Catholics. Clearly, then, Chosŏn Catholics' requests that western missionaries and a vessel be sent to Korea were not made with the intention of obtaining freedom of worship through western military threats to King Chŏngjo and the Chosŏn government. Furthermore, it makes no sense to claim that they were influenced by Chŏngkamnok (鄭鑑綠), and that they therefore intended to use western military power to overthrow the Chosŏn government and establish an ideal new world. The lives and confessions of faith of the people who made these request~, as well those of their family or friends, do not support such a conclusion. Indeed, the early Catholics rejected the cult of prominent figures and refused to follow unorthodox doctrines. They lead a life of faith and offered their lives to God, King of Kings, God the Father and the origin of human beings.


consequence oftbe rigorouis systemii of rejection adoptedi them ; at the samlle tiixxe, that they formed a fairer basis for thani if nio selectioix hia(d been made, because incomplete and unireliable reports xvere exclUded. The plan adopted xx-as ftully detaile(l. table.sxx-ere gixven. In the priixcipal tablexxas shoxxwn" the relation tw^een loss of xcveight, cough, lhxnoptysis, aici lung-disease iu onie hulinxre(d male cases of hiemoptysis tabulated under sev-enty-four leadings"; eaclh liixe in the liorizoixtal direction represeixting case, and each columin givinix the ansxwer"yes" or"no" to the question at itsheadl. The priniary object of the iixx'estigatioix by clinical obsersvationi, in settlinig the important quLestion tru


Initial work on silicon direct wafer bonding and transfer of hydrogen ion implanted layer onto an oxidized silicon wafer is reported. Cleanliness of the lab environment seems to play a crucial role in the smart-cut process. Characterization of the wafer were done by atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, optical photography and thickness measurements by DEKTAK-III.


In order to synthesize rutin calcium complex, rutin and anhydrous calcium chloride are reacting in methanol solution, with using sodium methylate to adjust pH=8.5, then heating and refluxing and monitoring the course of reaction with TLC; after complete reaction, filtrating while it is still hot, and distilling, then the filtrate is chromatographed with polyamide chromatographic column, the methanol solution is gradient eluted, the eluent of certain region is collected, after rotary evaporation, a brown yellow solid is obtained. This product is characterized by elemental analysis, UV and IR spectrum, and the result indicates the product is rutin calcium complex.


Financial anxiety is one of the most stress-causing factors, destabilizing students' academic activities and performance. This study investigated whether there was any financial anxiety in international students in higher education institutions by comparing students in the USA and mainland China. The study employed a random-effect ordered probit model that utilised a sample size of 3953 international students during the academic years 2017–2019. The findings showed a significantly low rate of financial anxiety among international students in the United States, while international students in China experienced a highly significant financial anxiety as far as academic life was concerned. Additionally, a robustness check using marginal effects in probit showed a positive life satisfaction towards financial behaviour after the study period in the USA, while a negative life satisfaction towards financial behaviour existed in mainland China. Nevertheless, the study put forward vital recommendations to help address this phenomenon and strengthen the relationship between international students and administrators of higher education institutions in both countries.


The high-resolution fluorine magnetic resonance spectra of a group of perfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulfur hexafluoride were analyzed and the chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants determined. The fluorine chemical shifts are found to vary with the electronegativity of the substituents. Fluorine- fluorine coupling constants are observed between nuclei separated by three, four, and five bonds, but the coupling constants do not vary in a coherent manner with a change in the number of bonds separating interacting nuclei. The results are in agreement with the idea that coupling between fluorine nuclei separated by three or four single bonds is due to both through-space and through-bond interactions but that the importance of the through-bond interaction falls off rapidly with the number of intervening bonds and the coupling is largely a throughspace interaction when the nuclei are separated by five single bonds. Finally, the very small coupling constants observed for interaction between nuclei separated by three bonds in the CF3--CF2 and -CF2--CF2- fragments would still appear to be anomalies possibly to be explained as resulting from rotational averaging of trans and gauche coupling constants of opposite signs.


The laser stripe image gathered in the structured light measurement system is needed to be processed effectively.A threshold segmentation method based on the difference image is put forward,which is used to segment the laser stripe image and a two-value image is obtained,then neural network is applied to process the two-value laser stripe image to get the thinning stripe.The processed thinning stripe satisfies the requirement that the precision is 0.05%,the two-value processing time is no more than one second and that of the thinning is less than two seconds.The time increased compared to traditional methods and the result has already been applied to the pre-processing of feature parameter matching in the object 3D reconstruction successfully.


With the expansion of business transactions in Indonesia,resulting in a legal relationship involving two or more countries. This will also result in debtors who own assets inside and outside the country. As a result, creditors have difficulties in executing bankruptcy on boedelmodelwich is outside of indonesia's national bordersbecause until now Indonesia still has not regulated the process of executing the assets of debtors outside the national borders. in this case the UN has a breakthrough to facilitate the problem of cross-border bankruptcy with UNCITRAL Model Law on cross border insolvency. This study will discuss why UNCITRALModel Law on cross border insolvency until now it has ot been implemented and how it changes if UNCITRAL Model Law on cross border insolvency implemented in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method and with this study will found reason why UNCITRAL Model Law on cross border insolvency still not implemented in Indonesia and if UNCITRAL Model Law on cross border insolvency applied, there are several additions to Indonesian bankruptcy act and that is related to the admission process of foreign courts and executions bankruptcy on boedelmodel.


The Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria the main source of water for domestic purpose, irrigation, and fishing. organic and inorganic waste through runoffs and seepage from the catchment areas. The physico chemical parameters of the surface water were investigated monthly from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Samples were collected from five sa for examination of water and waste water. The data obtained was subjected to multivariate analysis using Microsoft office excels and SPSS. variation of surface water temperature ( 22.07±0.87cm), mean depth ( conductivity (186.32±3.8463.70±3.68mg/L), dissolved oxygen ( (2.71±0.09-2.48±0.05mg/L), alkalinity ( 32.18±0.94mg/L), NO3-N (2.28±0.08 sulphate (31.62±1.45-71.80±1.82 rainy seasons respectively. The results revealed that a highly significant seasonal variation (p<0.01) was exhibited in all parameters with the exception of pH whic seasonal variation (p>0.05) and variation (p<0.05). The results of this survey most of them fall within the recommended Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ)


In this paper, the effect of pulse shaping in the spatial modulation (SM) method is investigated. In the SM, extra bit transmission is transmitted by selecting the active antenna in each symbol transmission, thus increasing the spectral efficiency. However, active antenna switching in each symbol transmission causes clipping in the signal if the transmitted pulse is span outside its time duration. The effects of the filter span and the roll-off factor on the SM bit error rate were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. In the simulations, it has been observed that the low roll-off factor value and low filter span increase the bit error.


In this study, synthetic catalogs based on the Monte Carlo simulations have been produced for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), in the Kermanshah region, West of Iran. Resultant seismic hazard zoning maps, hazard curves and three-dimensional deaggregation of seismic hazard are provided. In order to validate the estimated peak ground accelerations (PGAs), the deduced uniform hazard response spectra (UHRS) are compared with the recorded PGAs in some stations near to the large Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in the western part of Iran near to Iraq border on 12 November 2017. Different ground motion prediction equations are tested and the results are compared.


Manganin pressure gauge has been widely used for pressure measurements of shock wave in condensed matter and detonation in condensed explosive. However, recording time of manganin gauge is limited to a few microsecond. This short recording time is not long enough to measure detonation pressure of non-ideal explosive which has long reaction zone length. We developed pressure gauge composed of PVDF sensing element which has longer recording time compare with manganin pressure gauge. In this study, detonation pressure profile was measured by PVDF pressure gauge for non-ideal explosives consisted of a packed bed of aluminum particles of different size saturated with neat nitromethane. The results of pressure measurements by PVDF pressure gauge show the existence of the extended pressure peak behind leading shock wave, and revealed important pressure increase due to aluminum particle reaction when aluminum particle size is smaller than 14 micrometer. The result of this study showed that PVDF pressure gauge is very useful tool to measure detonation pressure of non-ideal explosives which have very long reaction zone length.


Families of New Zealand soldiers (serving during the Malayan Emergency 1948-1960), arrive in Malaya, circa 1958. Photograph taken by an unidentified New Zealand Army photographer.
Identified from original print of this negative in album PA1-q-319, M2731
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: 120 film negative


This study aimed to find out whether there was influence in the relationship between intellectual capital and marketing capability and used the company size and company age as control variables to test the affect of the variables on the profitability and the company's value. The variable intellectual capital measured by using the variables of its components, namely, human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and the capital employed efficiency (CEE). Marketing capability (MC) measured by using the cost of marketing expenses and R & D expenses. The company's profitability measured by using the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio and the company's value measured by using Tobin's q (TQ) ratio. The sample used in the study was the companies registered in the banking sector and included into the category of large capitalization with the period of the study in 2009-2014 . The number of companies observed amounted to 37 companies with 185 firm years of observations. The hypothesis testing will be conducted using multiple linear regression analysis


Softness index which could directly reflect cider flavor was used for the optimization of MLF parameters in cider-making after the addition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides WZ30-2.The results showed that fermentation temperature,pH value and inoculation size of Leuconostoc mesenteroides WZ30-2 were the main factors influencing softness index of cider.The optimized MLF parameters were summed up as follows through orthogonal rotatable experiments:fermentation temperature at 21.8 C,pH value was 3.53,and inoculation size of Leuconostoc mesenteroides WZ30-2 was 4.65%(v/v).Under the above conditions,the softness index of cider was increased from 2.73 to 3.54,and cider flavor got improved evidently.


As the perceived uniqueness of the service sector not only has the characteristics of the service itself, while the customer perceptions of quality expectations is difficult, as easy-to-measure benefits such as goods, how to determine and achieve customer perceived value will be of particular importance. In this paper, cognitive psychology, the concept of the environment, competitiveness, competitor information, and other scenario analysis, and construct structural equation model, to validate the perception scenario the impact of perceived value to the customer.


Torres-Martínez, M.A., Sour-Tovar, F. & Barragán, R., November 2017. Kukulkanus, a new genus of buxtoniin brachiopod from the Artinskian–Kungurian (Early Permian) of Mexico. Alcheringa 42, 268–276. ISSN 0311–5518. Kukulkanus is the first genus of the tribe Buxtoniini recorded from rocks of the late Cisuralian (Artinskian–Kungurian). The Early Permian (Cisuralian) outcrops of the Santa Rosa Group, from southeastern Chiapas, are one of the most important marine Palaeozoic successions of Mexico. The Artinskian–Kungurian Paso Hondo Formation is the youngest unit in the succession and is dominated by massive limestone. Different marine invertebrates deposited in massive calcareous rocks characterize this formation. The buxtoniin Kukulkanus spinosus gen. et sp. nov. is reported from a single bed within the unit. The outcrops are located in southeastern Chiapas, very near the Guatemala–Mexico border. The lithological features and the preservation of fossils indicate that the fossil-bearing rocks were deposited in a low-energy open-waters paleoenvironment over the continental platform. Fusulinids, cephalopods and brachiopods previously described for the Paso Hondo Formation have been correlated with faunas of different coeval localities from Texas, New Mexico, Coahuila, Chiapas and Venezuela, regions that form part of the biotic Grandian Palaeo-Province. Miguel A. Torres-Martínez [email@example.com] Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Avenida Universidad No. 3000. Colonia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico. Francisco Sour-Tovar [firstname.lastname@example.com] Museo de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad No. 3000, Colonia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico. Ricardo Barragán [firstname.lastname@example.com] Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Avenida Universidad No. 3000. Colonia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico.


This paper reported the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of seven species of Fritillaria L.from Anhui Province.The results were shown as:(1) F.thunbergii:2n=24=4m+20t(1SAT);(2) F.monantha:2n=24=4m+20t+3Bs;(3) F.huangshanensis:2n=24=4m+20t(1SAT);(4) F.ningguoensis:2n=24=4m+20t(2SAT);(5) F.xiaobeimu,2 cytotypes:TypeⅠ,2n=25=2m+2sm+4st+16t(1SAT)+1Bs,TypeⅡ,2n=24=2m+4sm+2st+16t(2SAT);(6) F.qimenensis:2n=24=2m+2sm+6st+14t;(7) F.anhuiensis:2n=24=2m+2sm+2st+18t.Except two cytotypes of the F.xiaobeimu,belonging to "3C",the karyotypes of the other species belonged to"3B".The karyotypes and chromosome numbers of the F.huangshanensis and F.monantha from Anhui in this paper were studied for the first time.Compared to the results from the former,the karyotypes of Fritillaria L.from Anhui Province are polymorphic,different karyotype formulae for the Fritillaria L.in Anhui Province were reported in differ-(ent) studies.


Global climate change and its effects on the planet attract attention by policymakers as well as scholars. Global ecological crises are gradually being examined both in cultural and scientific terms all over the world as a concept as the relationship between nature and people is examined further. Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki stands out with his critical approach to the relationship between humans and nature. Miyazaki's animated films such as Princess Mononoke, Spirited Away, and Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind provide us with a different perspective on Mother Earth and the relationship between nature and people in connection to "past," "present," and "future." In this chapter, Miyazaki's three films are examined through three approaches in ecocriticism—deep ecology, ecofeminism, and dark ecology—to show how Miyazaki maintains a unifying, and a not discriminatory, narrative in our perception of nature by finding balancing solutions to dichotomies such as nature-man, human-nonhuman, man-woman, technology-nature.


This paper gives an overview of some recent investigations conducted at ONERA in order to improve the techniques for laminar flow control. The first part deals with the problem of leading edge contamination. It is shown that suction and the Gaster bump can significantly increase the Reynolds number at which contamination occurs. The second part of the paper is devoted to applications of numerical tools aimed at predicting the ons et of transition.


This document is the analytical laboratory report for tank 241-S-102 push mode core segments collected between March 5, 1998 and April 2, 1998. The segments were subsampled and analyzed in accordance with the Tank 241-S-102 Retained Gas Sampler System Sampling and Analysis Plan (TSAP) (McCain, 1998), Letter of Instruction for Compatibility Analysis of Samples from Tank 241-S-102 (LOI) (Thompson, 1998) and the Data Quality Objectives for Tank Farms Waste Compatibility Program (DQO) (Mulkey and Miller, 1998). The analytical results are included in the data summary table (Table 1).


Geographical zone-wise biodiversity study of different species is of paramount importance to monitor and conserve the species diversity in an ecosystem. The objective of present study was to make a diversity database of macrophyte associated aquatic insects in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. The aquatic insects were collected from aquatic macrophytes, Ipomoea aquatica, Eichhornia crassipes and Nelumbo nucifera grown in 6 water bodies of Sahid Matangigi Block (Tamluk, 22.3°N 87.92°E), Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. The results revealed that occurrences of 6 aquatic insect orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Diptera, Ephemenoptera and Trichoptera) in Ipomoea aquatica with maximum abundance of 3 odonate families (Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae). The present biodiversity study of aquatic insects indicate that Odonata especially prefer floating macrophyte as a favourable habitat and therefore higher species diversity therein. Further study is needed considering other aquatic macrophytes in this concern to develop a valid species specific database essential for biodiversity conservation in the rapidly changing present environment.


We thank Drs Vetter and Schernhammer for their continuing interest in our work and their comments1 on our article.2 They interpret our findings differently than we do. Drs Vetter and Schernhammer suggest that the larger differences observed in melatonin secretion between early and late chronotypes indicate that early chronotypes are 'more affected' by night shift work than later chronotypes. We argue that since early compared to late chronotypes also had higher levels of melatonin during night work and night sleep, the time period when melatonin levels normally rise and peak …


This paper evaluates a proposal that is proposed formerly by the author,the proposal is named speculative parallel processing by delaying branch.Adopting the method to actual application,evaluation results on a simulative distributed memory multiprocessor system show our proposal has33%speed-up than non-parallel processing.


Among international law scholars, there has been relative absence of interest in the theory of international law by Christian Wolff(1679-1754). During...


In the estimation of agricultural research benefits, so far the only procedure taking into account the conditions under which new technology is introduced has been the semi-empirical Lindner-Jarrett construction. The present paper describes quantitatively the effect of various factors on the benefit estimate: original cost curve, technical parameters (yield increase and implementation cost), willingness to adopt new technology, and the market mechanism. Numerical results are given from which it is concluded that empirical constructions are unsatisfactory and that some overestimation of research benefits in previous analyses may well have occurred.


A meaning is suggested for the enigmatic Ugaritic word ủdn, which occurs in the Baʿal Cycle, on the assumption that it may be a loanword from Hittite.


Twenty two genera comprising 57 species of fungi were isolated from the leaves of Viola canescens Wall. in Roxb.. Fewer fungal isolates were recovered from younger leaves than older samples. There were 2 species (3.50%) of zygomycetes, 14 species (24.56%) of Ascomycetes, 37 species (64.91%) of Deuteromycetes, 1 species of Basidiomycetes (1.75%) and 3 species (5.26%) of sterile mycelia. Deuteromycetes were found to be the most dominant flora. Three different methods were used for isolation of fungi. The minimum number of fungi was recorded by moist chamber method at flowering stage whereas the highest number was recorded by washed disc method at senescent stage. Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Puccinia violae were obtained from all the three methods and were present in all the life stages of the test plant.


The production and characterization of bagasse biochar (Saccharum officinarum Linn) in this study was carried out through pyrolysis for 4 hours at a temperature of 1100C. The purpose of this research was to determine the biochar capacity of bagasse (Saccharum officinarum Linn) as an ameliorant for improving fertility in marginal lands, especially in West Kalimantan, namely peatlands. The capacity of biochar as an ameliorant in this study is known based on gravimetric analysis, which has a moisture content of 0.38%, ash content of 2.42%, volatile content of 0.53%, fixed carbon (cf) 97.02%. Meanwhile, from the results of SEM-EDX characterization there were 100% carbon compounds and the presence of pores in the form of micro pores. And the results of FTIR characterization have the absorption of functional groups of organic compounds at wave numbers (cm-1) 3448.72 from the Ogroup OH streching, 2978.09 and 2931.80 CH bending groups of cellulose compounds, 2368.59 and 2276 C≡C bending groups lingnin compounds and 1620.21 and 1435.04 groups of C=O and C=C streching compounds of lingninsellulose and hemicellulose


The essay evidences that while the dominant narrative on mechanization is essentially about large farms, capital intensive equipment and canal irrigation system, a less-highlighted, "heterodox" strand in scholarship provides evidence that there are major differences in the way countries like India and Bangladesh have progressed in mechanization. Although there are overlaps in the two strategies, the paper argues that recognizing the differences has scholarship and policy significance for Nepal and for the rest of the region if an effective mechanization strategy is to be devised. The paper observes that if India's mechanization is largely explained by the dominant approach, made feasible by its fiscal, institutional and industrial capacity, Bangladesh's mechanization is based on small, inexpensive and multipurpose equipment. Indeed, Bangladesh achieving significant mechanization despite sustained land fragmentation has especial salience for Nepal. In Nepal, like Bangladesh, smallholders form the bulk of farmer households while fragmentation is on the rise. Moreover, rapid emigration to foreign lands for work has created labour shortages on the farm while, owing to the agriculture sector stagnation and remittance-driven credibly rising consumption capabilities, imports of agricultural goods are soaring. Credible policy support in mechanization is identified as having contributed to Bangladesh`s success. While much of the agriculture mechanization scholarship on Nepal finds that mechanization is low and confined to specific geography such as the Tarai plains, the paper contends, drawing out of some estimation efforts from a less-discussed strand of the literature, that the prevailing narrative may be simplistic, if not erroneous. The argument is that the analytical frame used in much of the existing scholarship is narrow as it does not consider small equipment largely because of ideological and political reasons; indeed, much of the existing knowledge is based on the dominant paradigm. The essay contendsthat, inter alia, this potentially preventsformation of a credible picture which can then be exercised in devising policy interventions for increasing mechanization; considered a potent tool to shore up stagnant agricultural productivity. Upon broadening the analytical frame, i.e., inclusion of small equipment, there is suggestive evidence (quantitative estimates in, for instance, some case- studies) to indicate that rural mechanization, driven by inexpensive small equipment, may well be occurring in Nepal; including in the hills and mountains, areas considered poorly mechanized in the existing literature. Interestingly, much of even the dominant paradigm literature does make some passing references to small equipment-drive mechanization and that this has resulted in efficient agronomic practices in certain pockets. The article contends that to devise a suitable mechanization strategy, there is need for more research on this dimension of farm mechanization, beginning with acredible analysis of rural capital goods that does not equate mechanization with the use of large equipment.


PurposeThis article presents two Brazilian Portuguese corpora collected from different media concerning public security issues in a specific location. The primary motivation is supporting analyses, so security authorities can make appropriate decisions about their actions.Design/methodology/approachThe corpora were obtained through web scraping from a newspaper's website and tweets from a Brazilian metropolitan region. Natural language processing was applied considering: text cleaning, lemmatization, summarization, part-of-speech and dependencies parsing, named entities recognition, and topic modeling.FindingsSeveral results were obtained based on the methodology used, highlighting some: an example of a summarization using an automated process; dependency parsing; the most common topics in each corpus; the forty named entities and the most common slogans were extracted, highlighting those linked to public security.Research limitations/implicationsSome critical tasks were identified for the research perspective, related to the applied methodology: the treatment of noise from obtaining news on their source websites, passing through textual elements quite present in social network posts such as abbreviations, emojis/emoticons, and even writing errors; the treatment of subjectivity, to eliminate noise from irony and sarcasm; the search for authentic news of issues within the target domain. All these tasks aim to improve the process to enable interested authorities to perform accurate analyses.Practical implicationsThe corpora dedicated to the public security domain enable several analyses, such as mining public opinion on security actions in a given location; understanding criminals' behaviors reported in the news or even on social networks and drawing their attitudes timeline; detecting movements that may cause damage to public property and people welfare through texts from social networks; extracting the history and repercussions of police actions, crossing news with records on social networks; among many other possibilities.Originality/valueThe work on behalf of the corpora reported in this text represents one of the first initiatives to create textual bases in Portuguese, dedicated to Brazil's specific public security domain.


Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the most promising technologies for low-power, wide-area, and low-traffic applications. In NB-IoT, random access is implemented in media access control layer to resolve the channel contention conflict among multiple user equipments (UEs), and is crucial to the throughput performance of NB-IoT. Previous results in long-term evolution cannot be directly applied due to specification differences. In this paper, we take the first attempt to systematically analyze the performance of random access in NB-IoT. First, after extensively studying the backoff mechanism, we characterize the probability that a UE initiates random access, the probability that a packet is transmitted successfully and the probability that a channel is busy. Then, we define each UE's buffer as a first-in-first-out queue. We employ Markov chain to model retransmission number caused by collisions and the length of the queue simultaneously. By exploiting the characteristic of the steady-state distribution of the Markov chain, the above three probabilities in steady state can be obtained explicitly. Based on these probabilities, we calculate the system throughput in terms of UE number, packet generation rate, retransmission number, and the length of the queue. Finally, we investigate the system throughput and conduct extensive simulations under various parameters, which validate our analysis.


In this article we study the reciprocal relationship, the coevolution, between different forms of trust and control. We conduct comparative case study of two spatial planning projects in The Netherlands. We find that trust and control are related through contingent causation, resulting in divergent paths of coevolution. Our research shows that not only - and often stated in other research - that informal control can contribute to trust, but also formal control can lead to increasing trust. The coevolution of trust and control depends on the specific initial situation in which the relationship between trust and control unfolds.


In this reply to Buller's article, Stephen George argues that although the comments made about the 'awkward partner thesis' are a valid critique of some common assumptions found in the media, they do not represent his position accurately; also that Buller's critique of explanations of British governments' attitudes to the EC which concentrate on institutions cannot be made of the domestic politics approach that he has adopted.


Current input handling systems provide effective techniques for modeling, tracking, interpreting, and acting on user input. However, new interaction technologies violate the standard assumption that input is certain. Touch, speech recognition, gestural input, and sensors for context often produce uncertain estimates of user inputs. Current systems tend to remove uncertainty early on. However, information available in the user interface and application can help to resolve uncertainty more appropriately for the end user. This paper presents a set of techniques for tracking the state of interactive objects in the presence of uncertain inputs. These techniques use a Monte Carlo approach to maintain a probabilistically accurate description of the user interface that can be used to make informed choices about actions. Samples are used to approximate the distribution of possible inputs, possible interactor states that result from inputs, and possible actions (callbacks and feedback) interactors may execute. Because each sample is certain, the developer can specify most of the behavior of interactors in a familiar, non-probabilistic fashion. This approach retains all the advantages of maintaining information about uncertainty while minimizing the need for the developer to work in probabilistic terms. We present a working implementation of our framework and illustrate the power of these techniques within a paint program that includes three different kinds of uncertain input.


The political map of the world has changed dramatically since independence; the economic scenario has witnessed tremendous changes in the social set-up. Gandhi-ji the father of nationonce said "If the vil- lages perish, India will perish too. It will be no more India. Her own mission in the world will get lost." For him rebuild- ing of the nation could be achieved only by reconstructing villages. The study describes a Village Adoption Scheme "SaansadAdarsh Gram Yojana" as a model for energising the rural economy in India and to slow down rural - urban migration which research has shown to be harmful to both; rural and urban people of India and their regions. This study discusses the multi-faceted impact of this village adoption program. The study presented here is designed to use the resources present in socio-cultural, politico-economic, traditional, legal, ethnic, religious layers of the rural society and seeks to enable the region to build upon them to generate resources. An intricate programme of constructive work, which


Objective: In order to enhance the health level, treat and cure well all the diseases, especially the high incidence and mortality diseases. So as to save the life and promote the quality of life. The research has been done to find the facts that that much more death caused diseases apart from the COVID-19 have been killing the people even worse at the COVID-19 pandemic time.
Methods: Summarized the data extracted from three public official internets, the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the WHO and the International Diabetes Federation. Found out the health problems and health influenced diseases data apart from the COVID-19 in China. And analysing the data and facts.
Results: Based on the three channels of official internet, check and look up the valuable data, find out the demanded data and reorganize, build new tables. So the concrete facts to show the critical Chinese health problems apart from COVID-19 have been found.
The 12 tables have been created and found that in China, the leading causes of death are Cardiovascular diseases, Malignant neoplasms, Respiratory diseases, Diabetes mellitus, injuries. The diseases have not been prevented and cured. The total death in China has been being more and more. The communicable diseases of Viral Hepatitis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis have been being the No.1 and No.2 incidences in Chinese communicable infections. The mortality of Heart Diseases in Chinese rural areas has been being in fast trend of heavier and heavier, from 87.10 in 2008 to 171.36 in 2020 and in recent three years the No. 1 killer in Chinese rural areas. The explosively developed incidence of diabetes mellitus from the year 2000 in 22564.80 cases (in 1000s) exploded into 90045.10 cases (in 1000s) at 2011, and much too more cases developed up to now.
Conclusion: In China, much more works must be done to control the leading causes of death, the diseases incidence and prevalence undermining health, including the Cardiovascular diseases, Malignant neoplasms, Respiratory diseases, Diabetes mellitus, injuries apart from COVID-19, especially the heart diseases in Chinese rural areas has been being the No. 1 killer in recent three years. The communicable diseases of Viral Hepatitis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis must be controlled and prevented.
The urgently needed actions to control the leading causes of death, incidence and prevalence apart from COVID-19 in China may be referenced by other countries and international health organizations.


Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of PI3K/Akt has been described for several solid and hematological tumors. Its role in acute lymphoblastic leukemogenesis (ALL) is unkown. Here, we investigated whether the inhibition of PI3K/Akt kinases influences apoptosis, necrosis and cell proliferation. Patients and Methods: ALL and high grade NHL cell lines with different cytogenetics and phenotypes were used (SEM, RS4;11, REH, Jurkat, DOGKIT). Phosphorylationstatus of Akt (Ser473, Thr308) and FOXO3A (Thr32) were determined by western blot (WB). Cells were incubated for 96h with LY29004 (5μM, 12.5μM, 25μM; PI3K inhibitor) or sorafenib (0.73μM, 7.3μM). In order to detect synergistic effects with other cytotoxic drugs cells were treated with combinations of sorafenib and doxorubicine, cytosin-arabinoside, and mTOR inhibitor (RAD001), respecitvely. Cell number, apoptosis, necrosis, protein phosphorylation and metabolic activity were determined at 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h by microscopy, flow cytometry, WB and WST-1 testing. Whole genome Affymetrix gene expression arrays (U133 Plus 2.0) were performed in order to detect differential gene expression compared to controls treated with DMSO (dimethylsulfoxid) only. Results: In all ALL cell lines phosphorylated Akt (pAKT) was detected. Levels of pAkt and pFOXO3A differed between cell lines significantly, with Jurkat and SEM demonstrating high activation levels. PI3K inhibition by LY29004 led to decreased proliferation in SEM cells with only slight increases in apoptosis and moderate increase in necrosis rates (20%). Sorafenib inhibited the proliferation of SEM, Jurkat and RS4;11 significantly, with most pronounced effects at 96h. Maximal apoptosis and necrosis rates increased and ranged from 11 to 39% and 53 to 84%, respectively. Metabolic activity decreased significantly already after 24h. As early as 0.5h after treatment complete disappearance (SEM, RS4;11) or marked decrease (Jurkat) in levels of pAkt and pFOXO occurred. Combination of sorafenib with conventional cytotoxic drugs failed to demonstrate synergistic effects. Sorafenib treatment induced differential gene expression in several genes e.g. genes involved in apoptosis such as BIMBAM, caspases and CDKs. Conclusions: Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway seems to be a potential therapeutic target in ALL and high grade lymphoma cells. Sorafenib as a multikinase inhibitor approved for clincial application in solid tumors displayes significant antileukemic activity in vitro and might be a potential drug for a targed therapy approach in ALL.


As the commercial revival of the Western Europe,merchant class was rose gradually.They got rid of land′s constraint.At the same time,they had special character of independence and initiation.This caused each class to flow and broken society′s closeness.So they changed traditional society structure and values to a certain extent,and built a well base for new society pattern.Finally,they became an important impetus of society′s transition.


Differences in mental imagery ability between individuals have been reported since Galton in 1880. Despite much progress in the mental imagery field, particularly with the advent of neuroimaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging, the neural bases of mental imagery and why individual differences exist in mental imagery ability are not fully understood. Several subjective and objective methods have been proposed and utilized to investigate the strength of visual mental imagery, and even to predict the content of imagery. Recent evidence has shown that people with opposite extremes of visual mental imagery ability, aphantasia and hyperphantasia, have selective impairments and enhancements of ability to visualize visual elements in imagery. We argue that this heterogeneity is generalizable to the population who have relatively normal imagery ability. Current studies have overgeneralized specific paradigms and stimuli to apply to visual mental imagery ability of all types of stimuli, under the presumption that this ability is homogenous. Future studies would benefit from both increased granularity and expanded scope of paradigms and stimuli used.


A mooring system, and connector assembly, which in a preferred embodiment is a vessel mooring and fluid transfer system. The connector assembly has a first portion (2A) configured to be coupled to one or more mooring lines (1), and a second portion (2B) configured to be coupled to a vessel. The first and second portions are rotatable with respect to one another to permit a vessel coupling on the second portion to swivel about the mooring coupling on the first portion. In a preferred embodiment, the connector assembly comprises a guide (2E) for a conduit, which may be a fluid transfer conduit such as flexible riser (6). The invention also provides methods of use of the mooring systems described.


The mechanical system of a printed circuit board(PCB)four-drilling-milling machine was improved.The new machine tool adopts high-speed spindle,advanced beeline rolling oriented track,high precision ball bearing screw shaft and AC servo electromotor technique.The transmission of the new type of NC machine has quite a few merits,such as big overlap ratio,high loading capacity,high transmitting efficiency,high stability,small noises,and so on.


A complete understanding of groundwater circulation as well as the transport and distribution of solutes in arid-semiarid basin regions is a prerequisite for the safe use of groundwater resources. The distributions of the groundwater flow systema and solutes are affected by the basin morphology, lithology, and climate variations; therefore, they can change over geologic time. In this study, we performed a case study of the Qaidam Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, in which we utilized reactive solute transport simulations to build a numerical model in TOUGHREACT for a typical section of the eastern Qaidam Basin since the last glacial period. The results show that the groundwater in the eastern Qaidam Basin developed into a three-level groundwater flow system and that the seepage velocity of the local water flow system is significantly higher than that of the intermediate and regional water flow systems. Although groundwater in the discharge region has been continuously concentrated and enriched since the last glacial period, the distributions of the groundwater flow system and solutes have been greatly affected by climate variations. During warm periods, the centres of groundwater discharge and solute concentration shifted to areas with more groundwater recharge; in contrast, both centres shifted to the central basin during drought periods. The groundwater in the basin mainly contains Na+and Cl−ions, which vary significantly from the recharge region to the discharge region. Evaporation of groundwater results in increases in the concentrations of most of the components except HCO3−. The groundwater in the discharge region is currently in the stage of carbonate precipitation and is far from gypsum and halite precipitation.


We theoretically investigate an electron transfer (ET) process in a dissipative environment by means of two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy. We extend the reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach to include both overdamped Drude and underdamped brownian modes. While the overdamped mode describes the inhomogeneity of a system in the slow modulation limit, the underdamped mode expresses the primary vibrational mode coupled with the electronic states. We outline a procedure for calculating 2D correlation spectrum that incorporates the ET processes. The present approach has the capability of dealing with system-bath coherence under an external perturbation, which is important to calculate nonlinear response functions for non-markovian noise. The calculated 2D spectrum exhibits the effects of the ET processes through the presence of ET transition peaks along the Ω(1) axis, as well as the decay of echo signals.


The equilibrium constants of some organophosphinic acids have been determined at 25°C by measuring the distribution ratio of the organophosphinic acid between an aqueous solution of ionic strength 0.05 and toluene as a function of pH for different concentrations of organophosphorus acid compounds. The distribution ratio of the organophosphorus compounds has been obtained by determining phosphorus by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The data have been analyzed graphically, and numerically by the program LETAGROP-DISTR, in order to determine the dimerization constants K _2, the acidity constants K _a and the distribution constants K _D


The intense growth of requirements for big data systems enforces more pressure on storage, calculations and interaction in data centers, which then happens upon significant functional expenses to data center providers. So, fetched lessening is one of the exploration issues for the era of the huge data period. Dissimilar to routine distributed computing, one of the primary sorts of enormous data administrations is the restricted joining between data gathering and counts as estimation ventures can be performed just when the steady data is accessible. From the outcome, there we discover three angles, i.e., process task, data positioning and data movement, extraordinarily influence the utility costs of data center. The model is going to study the cost minimization problem in the above mentioned three aspects of big data in Geo-distributed data centers. The proposed model masks the solution by VM placement approaches that consider position of data centers and VM migration expenses while improving VM positions over a little set of data centers. This strategy is source intense and as the number of VMs compared to actual hosts improves, the solution time also improves and is very useful in circumstances where real-time scheduling choices are required. To decrease the solution time we recast the problem into Round Robin Algorithm and Throttled Algorithm and Compare the solution time.


Carbon (C) coating on the TiO2 surface has attracted extensive research interest due to the unique properties of the conjugated materials in electron transport and photoelectronic coupling ability. However, owing to the complexity of surface C species, there is no experimental study on their structure and property. Although the C-coated TiO2–x photocatalyst (C/TiO2–x) and its corresponding acid-washed sample (C*/TiO2–x) exhibit similar visible-light absorption, their catalytic activity is quite different. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and NMR results, the only structural difference between C/TiO2–x and C*/TiO2–x lies in the surface C species. Our NMR experimental results show that several C species (including alkoxy and carboxylate, and macromolecular graphitelike C) are present in C/TiO2–x, whereas only macromolecular graphitelike C exists in C*/TiO2–x. Combined with the photocatalytic activity measurements, it ca...


It is well known that the TCP congestion control algorithm has been remarkably successful in improving the current TCP/IP function better and efficiently. However, it can perform poorly in networks with high Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP) paths. This paper presents modification to a congestion control algorithm that may help the TCP better utilize the bandwidth provided by huge bandwidth long delay links. It also presents results to show a comparison of the original algorithm.


The problem of color consistency between digital camera and monitor is resolved based on ICC Profile which is defined by the International Color Consortium (ICC). By the aid of device-independent color space, i.e. XYZ color space, the conversion relationship from digital camera color space to CRT monitor color space is built to achieve the real reproduction of the camera image on CRT display. The color reproduction results are verified by making use of the profile of a camera and that of a monitor. The experimental results show that this method behaves well in color reproduction.


349Diplomatic relations — Protection of embassy premises — Occupation of Surinamese Embassy in the Hague by protesters — Duty of receiving State to protect embassy — Court not entitled to question decision of Executive to allow Surinam to open embassy — The law of the Netherlands


The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese women's clothing purchase behavior and satisfaction for clothing made in Korea. Data was collected from Chinese women who had made purchases of Koreanmanufactured clothing using the Chinese online shopping mall named 'TaoBao'. In total, the responses of 439 questionnaires were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS program 12.0. Results were as follows: 1) Shopping motivation was classified based on two factors: transformation motivation and information motivation. Most Chinese women who purchased clothing made in Korea did so because of information motivation. Results showed that the place of manufacturing origin(i..e Korea) did not negatively impact Korean clothing products at this online shopping mall. 2) Purchase satisfaction was influenced by three factors: quality satisfaction, wearing/management satisfaction, and design satisfaction. Most Chinese women were satisfied with clothing made in Korea in terms of the design factor. 3) There were correlations among Chinese women's shopping motivation and purchase satisfaction for clothing made in Korea.


With the outbreak of the financial crisis in mid-1997, the Korean government has removed a majority of M&A-related regulations in order to facilitate M&A transactions. This was based upon the belief that M&As are one of the most efficient ways to restructure financially distressed firms compared to other government-driven restructuring programs. In this paper, we try to empirically assess the role of M&A in restructuring distressed firms in Korea following the financial crisis. In doing so, three empirical analyses have been conducted. The first analysis attempts to identify financial characteristics of the insolvent M&A targets and to compare them with those of solvent M&A targets. The second exercise directly tests the change in performance of insolvent M&A targets before and after such M&A transactions. The third analysis is a more general assessment on the role of M&A transactions to determine if being involved in an M&A transaction (regardless of its motivate) has reduced the probability of becoming insolvent in the future. Overall, we find that the M&A market in Korea remains inefficient when considering the characteristics of M&A targeted firms, however, there exists some evidence of M&A activities having played a significantly positive role in restructuring financially distressed firms in Korea. Based on the obtained empirical results, some policy suggestions will be discussed as well.


A method is provided for a container (2) printed on the container handling device (1), means for printing on a three-dimensional object and means for cleaning the print station container handling device (6) (1), and the container handling device (1) having: a transport container (2) conveying means (3), which is optionally configured as a turntable; direct print head (6); and a cleaning means (5), which was direct the cleaning print head (6), characterized in that the cleaning device (5) comprising: at least one cleaning unit (51) for dispensing a cleaning fluid directly to the print head (6); and a collecting means (52), for discharging the spent cleaning fluid.


In this work, an asymmetric circular microstrip antenna has been proposed for with two fold objectives: i) to reshape substrate E-field beneath the patch structure that leads to XP radiation suppression, ii) to introduce minimal perturbation over the patch surface for ease in fabrication. The structure is low profile, and easy to manufacture. The proposed structure exhibits improved CP-XP isolation of around 20–30 dB along the bore-sight. The proposed antenna exhibits flat top radiation patterns in both the planes with a gradual roll-off, which enhances the novelty of the design.


Acknowledgements Introduction Kristine Kilanski and Javier Auyero Section 1: Shared Understandings Chapter One: The Moral Economy of Murder: Violence, Death, and Social Order in Nicaragua Dennis Rodgers Chapter Two: The Moral Economy of Violence in the US Inner City George Karandinos, Laurie Hart, Fernando Montero Castrillo, and Philippe Bourgois Chapter Three: On the Importance of Having a Positive Attitude Kevin Lewis O'Neill and Benjamin Fogarty-Valenzuela Section 2: Gender and Masculinities Chapter Four: 'Es que para ellos el deporte es matar': Rethinking the scripts of violent men in El Salvador and Brazil Mo Hume and Polly Wilding Chapter Five: Duros and Gangland Girlfriends: Male Identity, Gang Socialisation and Rape in Medellin Adam Baird Section 3: Being in danger, what do people do? Chapter Six: Fear and Spectacular Drug Violence in Monterrey Ana Villarreal Chapter Seven: Chismosas and Alcahuetas: Being the mother of an empistolado within the everyday armed violence of a Caracas barrio Veronica Zubillaga, Manuel Llorens, and John Souto Chapter Eight: Managing in the Midst of Social Disaster: Poor People's Responses to Urban Violence Javier Auyero and Kristine Kilanski Chapter Nine: When the Police Knock Your Door In Alice Goffman Section 4: Ethnographic positions and the politics of violence Chapter Ten: Standpoint Purgatorio: Liminal Fear and Danger in Studying the "Black and Brown" Tension in Los Angeles Randol Contreras Chapter Eleven: When the Rule of Law is Irrelevant: Death Squads and Vigilante Politics in Democratic North East Brazil Nancy Scheper-Hughes Postface Philippe Bourgois Notes Bibliography Index


Most studies of gamma band synchrony in schizophrenia conclude that it is reduced, relative to what is observed in healthy people, during stimulus processing. However, these findings may, in part, be an artifact of greater absolute levels of synchrony in schizophrenia even at baseline. We examined absolute level of gamma band synchrony before and during emotionally neutral face processing in 28 patients with schizophrenia after their first episode of psychosis (FES) (20 male) and 71 controls (53 male) across a range of frequency bins, brain regions and time-bands. We also examined how absolute synchrony prior to stimulus onset related to synchrony change during stimulus processing, and how it related to symptoms. The FES group showed greater absolute gamma synchrony across all time-points in frontal and temporal regions. Baseline absolute synchrony predicted post-stimulus change in these regions in a pattern consistent with previous reports. However, synchrony change was not related to symptoms. These results support the recommendation that studies in this field should examine baseline absolute synchrony when attempting to characterize task-related gamma synchrony in schizophrenia.


The partial substitution of rare earth ion by bivalent alkaline earth ion in perovskite oxide of the type LnMO3 (Ln = Rare earth ion, M = Transition metal ion) generates mixed valence states of M3+ and M4+ has been extensively studied. This article investigate the photo magnetic effects in the system, Nd0.7Sr0.3CoO3. This composition is known to exhibit interesting magnetic properties at low temperatures . The results obtained earlier suggest an electronic phase separation due to coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interaction which competes and causes frustration. Due to the substitution of Sr2+ at Neodymium site, Co3+ and Co4+ are generated which can in principle exist in either low, intermediate or high spin states. The intermediate states of Co3+ and Co4+ ion , which are known to exist in these cobaltites are Jahn Teller ion. These ions and Nd3+ (L = 6) having large orbital moments may induce a large anisotropy.


The phenomenon of emigration has been the subject of discussion and reflection for many years. The connection between emigration and deterioration of health condition is increased in the current situation of the wave of emigration, because the most popular and most commonly used strategy of migration is the shuttle. This kind of emigration concept often results in disturbances in the functioning of the emigrant in various social structures, in the country from which he comes as well as in the country of emigration, which is not without significance on the psychophysical state of the person and also his relatives. Medical problems typical for expatriates usually arise from the neglect of prevention, scarcity or limited access to health care, tiring and burdensome physical work, experiencing enormous psychological costs as a result of separation from loved ones and awareness of loneliness in a culturally unknown environment.


Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has become rescue therapy for adults with overwhelming cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Not all patients are saved, creating a new cohort of potential organ donors. This study examines the outcomes of liver and kidney allografts procured from donors on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).


Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 369–396. doi:10.1146/annurevpsych-120710-100500 Weinblatt, N., Ziv, N., & Avrech-Bar, M. (2000). The old lady from the supermarket: Categorization of occupation according to performance areas. Is it relevant for the elderly? Journal of Occupational Science, 7, 73–79. doi:10.1080/14427591.2000.9686468 Whiteford, G. (2000). Occupational deprivation: Global challenge in the new millennium. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63, 200–204. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.


Abstract : A gasoline-contaminated surficial aquifer, the site of four years of remediation efforts, was investigated using a semi-quantitative soil extraction procedure to determine the vertical distribution of sorbed contaminants present. The effectiveness of contaminant flushing in highly contaminated soils by aquifer augmentation was demonstrated. The site was modeled using BIOPLUME II, an updated version of the USGS Solute Transport Model. Although the model was effectively calibrated to the groundwater flow through the site, the extreme vertical contaminant concentrations as a function of aquifer elevations and time prevented the acceptable calibration of the pollutant transport model to this site. A three dimensional model should be considered. Keywords: Water pollution; Mathematical models; Petroleum products; Theses.


The photoionization in the frame of the Ammosov–Delone–Krainov theory has been theoretically examined for noble gases, argon, krypton, and xenon, in an elliptically polarized laser field. We consider the intermediate range of the Keldysh parameter, γ ∼ 1 , and analyze the influence of shifted ionization potential and temporal profile to eliminate disagreement between theoretical and experimental findings. By including these effects in the ionization rates, we solve rate equations in order to determine an expression for the ionization yield. The use of modified ionization potential shows that the ionization yields will actually decrease below the values predicted by original (uncorrected) formulas. This paper will discuss the causes of this discrepancy.


The association between socio‐economic status (SES) and cerebral palsy (CP) remains controversial. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and postnatal injuries are accepted mediating risk factors for CP, but the question remains whether SES confers additional risk. The aim of this study was to analyse existing knowledge on the relationship between SES and the risk of CP.


This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EQ) and job satisfaction among Iranian EFL teachers in Language Institutes and to determine the effect of their gender, age and years of teaching experience on these two constructs. For this purpose, 100 Language Institutes' teachers from Isfahan, Tehran, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Mashhad provinces voluntarily participated in this study. Participants completed the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) Self-Report Scale, and the Job Descriptive Index (JDI). Pearson Product Moment correlations and Independent-Samples t-tests were applied to the data. The findings of the study showed that EFL teachers' emotional intelligence was correlated significantly and positively with their job satisfaction, and male teachers were more satisfied with their job than females. Thus, emotional intelligence skills can be used in order to increase job satisfaction in educational environments and EFL teachers with high emotional intelligence are more satisfied with their job. Also, it was revealed that gender can be a predictor of job satisfaction.


Submitted for the DPP09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Analysis of the active equilibrium control experiments in Rotamak YURI PETROV, XIAOKANG YANG, TIAN-SEN HUANG, Prairie View A&M University — A model is presented that describes the change of plasma shape, plasma current and pressure under the effect of active equilibrium coils in Rotamak. In recent experiments, energizing the active coils with total current 1 kA resulted in plasma current increase from 2 to 4-5 kA. The peak plasma pressure was changing from 3-4 Pa to 5-6 Pa. The elongation of plasma was changing from 1 to 2, but the plasma volume was increasing by only 50% because of reduction in separatrix radius. We show that all these changes can be described by a model based on Solov'ev equilibrium and global power balance, with one input parameter: the value of magnetic field at the boundary. Yuri Petrov Prairie View A&M University Date submitted: 16 Jul 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Fourteen difluoromethyl-containing 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized via a novel copper-catalyzed click-multicomponent reaction of 2,2-difluoro-2-phenylsulfanylethanol, sodium azide and terminal alkynes in the presence of N- (p-toluenesulfonyl)imidazole, tetrabutylammonium iodide and triethylamine, followed by reductive cleavage of the phenylsulfanyl group using tributyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile.


Recent studies of rhyolitic and pyroclastic materials, and in particular of welded tuffs and bentonites, show that they occur over wide areas and in volumes which greatly exceed earlier evaluations. Volcanic ash and bentonite occur in the eastern United States where such materials were long unrecognized. In most of the western States, only preliminary studies have been made, but they indicate the presence of these materials in volumes measured in thousands of cubic miles. Less is known about pyroclastic materials in most other parts of the world, but local studies in New Zealand, Australia, and the Dutch East Indies show immense volumes of pyroclastic materials.


This study was carried out in order to document the indications, methods, complications and results of revision lumbar disc replacement surgery. Out of a total series of 29 disc replacement operations carried out by the senior author 8 patients have required revision (10 operations). All of these patients have been followed prospectively since their initial operation and data was extracted from the case notes, theatre logs and radiographs. The primary indications for revision were recurrence of, or failure to relieve back pain. Of the 8 patients requiring revision for their symptoms, 3 had prostheses that had clearly failed on CT. Four patients had the pros-thesis removed and were revised to a circumferential fusion using iliac crest autologous bone graft anteriorly and pedicle screws posteriorly. Three patients had a posterolateral fusion only using pedicle screw fixation with retention of the prosthesis. Two patients had a posterior procedure carried out which failed to resolve the situation satisfactorily, and subsequently had the prosthesis removed and interbody cage fusion. Out of the 6 anterior cases there were 2 injuries to the great veins requiring vascular repair. There were few complications with posterior surgery. Although numbers are small, the patients who had anterior surgery seemed to do better than those retaining their prosthesis with posterior surgery alone. We conclude that a posterolateral fusion is a safe but symptomatically unsatisfactory revision strategy for failed disc replacement, and that anterior revision with conversion to inter-body fusion is a better option but has a higher rate of surgical morbidity.


Dofetilide is a new class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic drug.It is effective in converting persistent atrial fibrillation or flutter and in maintaining sinus rhythm.Dofetilide have no effect on mortality.The dosage should be adjusted on the basis of renal function and its effect on the QT interval.


Introduction: Transactional sex among black South African women has become a mode of economic survival putting them at higher risk for HIV and other infectious disease. Methods: In order to inform HIV interventions, drug, and sexual risk behavior correlates of recent transactional sex among a descriptive epidemiological, cross-sectional sample of 189, black South African women in Pretoria were examined using log binomial regression. Results: Prevalence of HIV seropositivity was extremely high among non-transactional sex workers (47.1%) and transactional sex workers (54.6%), albeit not significantly different. Adjusted regression results indicated that the probability of transactional sex was greater for drug using women who tested positive for cocaine use [adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5] and knew of anyone who died of AIDS (APR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.1). The probability of transactional sex was lower for female drug users who reported greater education (APR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8), condom use in their first sexual encounter (APR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6, 1.0), or reported a recent steady sexual partnership (APR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7, 0.9). Conclusions: Drug use-related interventions for female transactional sex workers may need to focus on methods for the reduction of not only drug use, especially cocaine use, but also the reduction of sexual risk behaviors.


Experiment NE17 was granted three days of beam time during the last NPAS run at SLAC. During that time, the cross section data for the {gamma}d {yields} pn reaction were extended up to 2.8 GeV at {theta}{sub cm} = 90{degrees} and up to 4.2 GeV at {theta}{sub cm} = 37{degrees}. Data were also taken at {theta}{sub cm} = 37{degrees} 53{degrees}, and 90{degrees} at E{gamma} = 1.6 GeV so that a complete angular distribution would be available at this energy where an Enhancement at a large angle (143{degrees}) was found during experiment NE8. The results indicate the surprising feature that the cross sections at 90{degrees} and 53{degrees} follow the quark counting rule prediction, while those at 37{degrees} do not. Perhaps this indicates that p{sub T}{sup 2} is a controlling variable in the approach to asymptotic scaling. A manuscript was accepted for publication.


Samples taken from the influent and effluent of a biological wastewater treatment plant were immediately analysed and investigated at different intervals within four weeks after sampling. They were stored in the dark at 277 and 293 K and at pH 2 and pH 12 each. None of the measures resulted in a correct stabilization or preservation of the samples: orthophosphate cannot be stabilized by any measure, the total phosphate needs not be stabilized, the COD gives values which are still useful only at pH 2 and 277 K, TOC and DOC do not show useful results with none of the applied techniques, equally insufficient are the results for ammonium- and nitrate-ions. In addition, differences occur in the behaviour of the samples taken from the influent and effluent. In agreement with the results published in the literature, the chemical analysis has to be carried out within 6 h after sampling.


This master thesis shows the development and design of an intrauterine insemination (IUI) device. The graduation project is done by order of the VU medical university in Amsterdam. IUI is a treatment for couples that have problems with their fertility and is conducted by IVF-doctors. Basically the procedure contains the following steps: • Drug treatment, when applicable • Semen collection and preparation • Insemination of the semen via a syringe-catheter combination • Pregnancy test The insemination itself is a non-automated process, with a human factor involved. It appears that every IVF-doctor has her/his own velocity of injection of the semen into the uterus. The injection is not the only step with a human factor, but does seem to be the most important one that can be improved. The main challenge is that a device needs to be developed that controls the step of injection, but with variable velocities and therefore variable flow rates. The device should make it possible to standardize and control the IUI-procedure. The control occurs in different levels. Control has to do with the ability of the user to stabilize the device during the injection. Also, it has to with the technique/driving mechanism used to create a constant force output and therefore a constant velocity output of the syringe. The three injection velocities are 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 [mm/sec]. The forces that are needed to create these velocities are 0.5, 0.8 and 1.1 [N] respectively. These numbers are based on experimental data and calculations through Bernoulli's equation. Each force output has a range of minus 0.15 and plus 0.15 [N]. The starting point for the design phases was the search for a driving mechanism that can create the different velocities as mentioned above. Different solutions have been taken into: • Air pressure • Magnetic repulsion • Spring • Constant force spring When looking at the force output, only the 'constant force spring' fits inside the range. So this mechanism seems to be the best solution for the IUI device. The force output of the constant force spring depends on the material, thickness and the width. Basically, the manufacturer determines the force output of these springs and it's not possible to choose the force output that fits inside the required range. Instead, a higher force output is chosen. The idea is to put the constant force spring inside a piston. This piston comes with o-rings that glide inside a tube. By making use of the friction of the rubber inside the hole of the tube, the force output can be controlled. When the diameter of this hole is reduced, then a higher load is applied to the rubber, resulting in a higher friction. By changing the diameter, three force outputs can be created. The device has two major functions: • Locking and unlocking of the piston • Attaching of the syringe Based on these functions, several solutions are presented. One of the solutions are chosen, which is done by the use of the Harris profile.


A simplified method was developed for calculating the breakthrough curves in fixed-bed adsorption with two solutes under the constant pattern (CP) and the linear driving force (LDF) approximations, in which both external fluid film mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion resistances were taken into account. By comparing three design methods derived without the CP approximation, the LDF approximation was found to be valid in the case of surface diffusion kinetics and also to hold approximately in the case of pore diffusion kinetics. The minimum column length required to establish the constant pattern was estimated by two methods, one employing the CP approximation, the other not, and the minimum column length was found to be estimated only by the simplified method. Experimental breakthrough curves were obtained for an aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and p-nitrophenol and a gaseous mixture of benzene and toluene. They were compared with the breakthrough curves predicted by the simplified method.


CONTEXT
Trophoblast-derived human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) promotes corpus luteum progesterone (P4) production, and wide ranges of serum P4 levels are noted in various pregnancy outcomes, despite similar hCG concentrations. There are five unique biologically active hCG variants in human pregnancy urine, and previous studies of P4 production in response to hCG have used only preparations containing all isoforms. Understanding exactly which hCG variant is primarily responsible for stimulating corpus luteum steroidogenesis may have great clinical and diagnostic implications, including in the setting of ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to delineate the role of the standard and hyperglycosylated (H)-hCG isoforms in stimulating P4 production by luteinized granulosa cells.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Cell culture, ELISA, and fluorometric-based protein assays were done at Duke University Medical Center.

PATIENTS
Patients were anonymous oocyte donors.

INTERVENTION
Cultured luteinized granulosa cells were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/ml total hCG, which contains all isoforms, purified standard hCG (37.1 kDa), and purified H-hCG (42.8 kDa).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
P4 produced per total cellular protein (nanograms per microgram) was measured via ELISA and fluorometric protein determination kits.

RESULTS
Both total hCG (P = 0.0003) and purified standard hCG (P < 0.0001) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in P4 production. Purified H-hCG did not change the P4 produced per total cellular protein response (P value not significant).

CONCLUSIONS
Standard hCG stimulated P4 production by cultured granulosa cells and likely supports corpus luteum function via interactions with the LH/hCG receptor. In contrast, H-hCG did not increase P4 production, which indicates a nonsteroidogenic role for this protein during early gestation.


The practice of reading both for academic purposes and pleasure is largely agreed to have diminished over the years mainly because of advancements in social media technology. This paper thus examined the reading habits in general among English major students at Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan. For data collection, a questionnaire with nine items was designed and administered to 106 English major students with gender and the year of study as the moderating variables. The questionnaire investigated the students' general attitudes towards reading, the reasons they read, the average time they spend on reading, the challenges they faced in reading, and the effects of social media on their reading habits. In addition, informal interviews were conducted to verify and triangulate the responses received from the participants. Both these quantitative and qualitative data revealed interesting insights into the reading habits of the students in question. The results are discussed and recommendations provided at the end.


A study on the vegetative propagation of Vitex negundo (L.) was conducted in University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru during 2010-11 with a four replicated factorial CRD. Single, double and triple node hardwood cuttings were treated with different growth hormone solutions and observations were recorded. The shoot parameters such as days taken to sprout (9 days), number of sprouts(3.23), length of the longest sprout (20.38 cm), fresh weight (3.6 g) and dry weight (0.88 g) of sprouts and the root parameters like time taken to root (30 days), number of roots (19.05), length of the longest root (21.75 cm), fresh weight (2.37 g) and dry weight (0.67 g) of roots were significantly higher in triple node stem cuttings treated with Indole Butyric Acid 3000 ppm. Thus triple node hardwood cuttings treated with 3000 ppm Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) obtained maximum rooting success.


Patients with COPD have reduced functional capacity due to exercise training is single most important aspect of rehabilitation for patients with chronic pulmonary disease. However, there are conflicting views about the intensity for exercise prescription in exercise prescription guidelines in terms of intensity prescription have not been well documented. study was to compare the effect of two training intensities in stable COPD patients, which wo comfortable and efficient exercise program in this population. 60 male subjects with moderate COPD were selected through purposive sampling and randomly allocated into two groups, group A and group B, each group having 30 subjects (n=30). Group A subjects were trained with moderate intensity and Group B subjects with heavy intensity exercise. Subjects were trained with the prescribed intensity exercise for respective groups for 10 min per day, 4 times a week for 4 weeks of duration min walk test, % predicted FEV1 value, % predicted FEV1/FVC ratio test. Group B showed significant improvement in RHR, group B subjects showed more significant improvement. However, there was no improvement found in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio in either group. The result of this study revealed that h to patients with moderate COPD than moderate intensity exercise training in terms of improvements in functional status if done with permissible interval training during the training.


In the triclinic crystals ammonium and potassium tetroxalate dihydrate 34 and 31 sound velocities respectively were measured by means of the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. From these velocities the 21 independent components of the elastic tensor were calculated. Thus, the method first tested by Haussuhl & Siegert on CuSO4.5H2O was successfully applied to two other triclinic crystals. The compounds under investigation were found to exhibit an extremely high elastic anisotropy.


The author investigates the significance of scientific publications as an available form of education of archaeologists in the Russian province at the end of XIX th beginning of XX th centuries. The correspondence between public figures in Vyatka and Perm provinces and their Russian and foreign colleagues is used as a main source. It characterizes the professional socialization of the provincial archaeological community. The character of the education is analyzed both at the stage of reading and at the stage of discussion of the contents of scientific publications with colleagues, as well as at the stage of creating their own scientific texts. The author concludes that scientific publications were a vital basis of provincials' special training in archaeological terms and an important tool of their scientific activities. They were a source of various data: news about excavations in Russia and abroad, issues of methodology of field and laboratory research, theoretical materials, bibliographical information. They were also a platform for intercultural communication permitting studying at outstanding modern scientists and their predecessors, immerse into the problem research of practically all periods of the most ancient history. Acquaintance with scientific archaeological publications, and sometimes with their authors, formed the local history subculture in the Russian province.


This paper proposes a parallel operation system of the Z-source active power filter using one fuel cells(FC) system. The proposed system is composed of two Z-source inverters operating in parallel only one PEM(Polymer Electrolyte Membrane)FC system. Also, as the control algorithm of the active power filter, a single phase P-Q theory and PI control are adopted. The effectiveness of the proposed the system is verified by the PSIM simulation in the steady state and the transient state.


OBJECTIVE
To assess, in a longitudinal study in women diagnosed with high grade squamous epithelial lesion (HSIL), the progression over time of proliferative activity in reserve cells using population screening cervical cytology specimens.

STUDY DESIGN
Twenty consecutive, unselected patients with HSIL lesions were part of the national cervical screening program. From the archives, for each patient, the last prior normal population screening smear was included in the study. Concurrent sets of cervical smears from 80 age-matched women without pathology formed the controls. The original slides were stained using MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. The fraction of MIB-1-positive reserve cells was assessed using systematic random sampling and running progressive means assessment to ensure a sufficient sample size.

RESULTS
The proliferation fraction in reserve cells of HSIL patients was significantly raised (mean, 65.0%; range, 53.5-94.1%; p < 0.01) as compared with that in concurrent controls (mean, 12.8%; range, 1.9-45.4%). Prior smears from HSIL patients, although without morphologic abnormalities, had abnormally high proliferation fractions (mean, 59.1%; range, 1.0-94.7%), significantly raised over those from concurrent controls (mean, 9.4%; range

CONCLUSION
In population-based cervical smear screening, HSIL patients already have abnormally raised proliferation fractions of reserve cells, even without morphologic changes in squamous cells, 1-5 (mean, 3.6) years prior to diagnosis.


The present invention discloses a method for processing health tea Anoectochilus, the method adds the Mangosteen Anoectochilus pretreatment, then dried, and finally blending to give yancha Anoectochilus health tea. The method of the present invention production process using oolong tea, oolong tea unique Yaoqing techniques may destroy the cell walls of fresh goods, so Anoectochilus fresh products like fresh leaf tea as fermented water away, which contains nutrients to promote sufficiently manifested form unique appearance, aroma, taste. Simultaneously added in the production process of Mangosteen concentrate only has Anoectochilus Qingreliangxue, carminative dampness and other effects, as well as heat lungs, cough, pharynx, Hua Chang laxative effect. Finally finished Anoectochilus then a certain percentage of the Rock blending, made into easy-to-brewing unique taste, taste and health benefits of tea Anoectochilus health.


Based on the statistics on the causes for fire accidents of high-rise building,main causes and key positions for high-rise building fire accidents are obtained.By use of fault tree analysis method and safety system engineering theory,the specific accident(top event)is decided and deductively analyzed.Then,the underlying causes and typical faults are obtained,and the possible incidents causing severe fire accidents of high-rise building are predicted.Meanwhile,the qualitative and quantitative analysis are organically combined to analyze the fire risk of high-rise building,on the basis of the quantification of the initial events being easy to be out of control,the structure importance for each basic event is gained and arranged in order.Finally,from the two aspects of safety technology and safety management,controlling measures diagram to prevent high-rise building fire is drawn,and specific measures and suggestions are put forward.This study provides a basis for the preventing and controlling of high-rise building fire.


Complex characteristics of pore structure of rock mass, such as limestone, are difficult to describe by means of general mathematics and physics. While, the fractal geometry can describe some simple rules behind complex phenomena; and these simple rules can describe the complex phenomena. Therefore in this paper, the fractal theory is applied to study the complexity of the limestone pore structure. Through calculating the fractal dimension of the limestone pore microscopic images of different zoom scales, the scale-independence is proved to be possessed by complexity of pore, which indicates that the limestone is a good fractal body, and its complexity can be studied by means of fractal dimension.


Objectives To investigate the prevalence of co-morbidities, the use of antihypertensive drugs and the status of blood pressure control among hypertensive outpatients in China. Methods A multi-centre cross-sectional study in hypertensive outpatients was carried out in 46 hospitals from 22 provinces from June to December 2009. Consecutive sampling method was adopted. Essential hypertensive patients with eligible inclusion criteria were included, with at least 100 patients in each hospital. The information of demography, physical examinations and biochemical analyses were collected. A total of 5206 hypertensive outpatients were included in current analysis ( 50% were men, mean age was 58.6 ± 10.5 years). Co-morbidities were defined according to the Guidelines on Hypertension Control in China (2010). Results 1) The prevalence of co-morbidities among hypertensive outpatients: 42.6% of hypertensive outpatients had co-morbidities. Diabetes was the most common co-morbidity (23.4%), followed by coronary heart disease (19.1%, in which myocardial infarction was 4.2%), chronic cardiac failure (3.8%), and renal disease (2.0%). 2) The use of antihypertensive drugs: calcium channel blocker was most commonly used among the patients (57%), followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (44.8%), β-blockers (28.3%), and diuretics (8.3%). Nearly half of the patients (49.1%) used two or more antihypertensive drugs. 3) The use of antihypertensive drugs among hypertensive outpatients with co-morbidity: calcium channel blocker was the most commonly used antihypertensive drug (56.8%), followed by ACEI or ARB (51.8%). The use of recommended treatment for patients with a particular co-morbidity was as follows: 51.3% of the patients with diabetes used ACEI or ARB, 66.5% of the patients with myocardial infarction used ACEI or ARB, and 53.4% used β-blockers. The use of ACEI or ARB was observed in 67.0% and 57.3% of the patients accompanying with heart failure and renal disease, respectively. 4) The control rate of hypertension: 46.3% of the hypertensive outpatients with concomitant diseases maintained their blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg. The goal of antihypertensive therapy (BP<130/80 mmHg) was achieved in 19.3%, 21.4% and 15.9% of the patients with coronary heart disease, renal disease, or diabetes, respectively. Conclusions Co-morbidities are highly prevalent in hypertensive outpatients in China. Calcium channel blocker and ACEI /ARB are the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs. The control rates for patients with co-morbidities are rather low. There is a big room for the improvement of using recommended antihypertensive drugs and increasing the control rate in hypertensive outpatients with co-morbidities.