Integration of Psycho-social Social Support and Mental Health Services in to National Disaster Management Guidelines India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters and also a high risk country for disasters due to expanding population, urbanization and industrialisation, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation and climate changes. The creation of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005, as the apex body for disaster management, has brought out a paradigm shift in the area of disaster management. One of the important mandate of NDMA is to issue National Disaster Management Guidelines (NDMG) to the ministries/ departments to assist them to formulate their respective Disaster Management (DM) plans. In this direction NDMA has issued number of NDMG on different themes to provide basis of preparation of DM plans at different levels. There are policies & guidelines on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services (PSSMHS) in disasters at the international level in the form of Inter Agency Standing Committee guidelines (IASC) which advocates PSSMHS in disasters. In India there was no such policy which streamlines the Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters. During preparation of various National Disaster Management Guidelines, one remarkable factor noticed was the need for psycho-social care, subsequently preparation of NDMG on Medical Preparedness and Mass Causality Management brought out an overwhelming consensus to formulate a separate NDMG for PSSMHS. In order to translate the critical need for psycho-social care and support into guidelines, NDMA adopted a mission-mode approach for integrating PSSMHS in disaster response by involving participatory and multi step methodology to formulate NDMG on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters.


The invention provides a chip type package on an encapsulating piece, which comprises a substrate, a semiconductor chip encapsulating piece, a second semiconductor chip and an encapsulating material layer, wherein the semiconductor chip encapsulating piece is arranged on the substrate and is provided with a first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip is stacked on the semiconductor chip encapsulating piece, the encapsulating material layer is arranged on the substrate for encapsulating the semiconductor chip encapsulating piece and the second semiconductor chip, the first semiconductor chip is electrically connected to at least one bonding pad on the semiconductor chip encapsulating piece through a re-wiring layer formed by extending the semiconductor chip encapsulating piece, and the second semiconductor chip is connected to at least one bonding pad electrically connected to the first semiconductor chip, so that the electricity distance of a signal path between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip is minimized, the transmission speed can be improved, stable signal transmission can be realized, and further the device performance can be improved.


During didactic interactions, teachers and students employ competencies and skills that correspond functionally to one another, and several models propose to typify didactic performances in higher education. For this study, we chose the didactic performance interbehavioral model as the substantive theory to identify six pairs of didactic performance criteria through self-evaluations from graduate students. These included: Competency exploration–precurrent learning behaviors, Criteria explicitness–Criteria identification, Illustration–Participation, Practice supervision–Relevant practice, Feedback–Improvement, and Evaluation–Application.309 Peruvian students from an in-person postgraduate course in Education Sciences filled out two scales (via Google Forms) to assess teacher-student performance criteria during online classes. Convergent and divergent validity were obtained separately for six teacher/student performance constructs through a confirmatory analysis using LISREL 8. Moreover, differences according to sex were only significant for the Illustration teacher criterion (favoring men) and the Application student criterion (favoring women). Students rated Explicitness of criteria and Illustration as the teacher performance criteria most frequently seen during online classes. On the other hand, Criteria identification ranked the highest in terms of the students' performance criteria, followed by Feedback–Improvement. Another conclusion was that the didactic performance interbehavioral model could be empirically supported by the two self-assessment questionnaires, which yielded good convergent and divergent validity of constructs.


In this paper using the definition and property of the convex modulus of norm linear spaceX,and conditions of semi-compactness,we discussed three-steps iterations method of fixed point for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings T:D→D.The main results generalized from two-steps iterations to three-steps iterations for formerly some results and weaken more conditions.Thus some similar conclusion have been obtained.


Eurozone Crisis: A Comprehensive Analysis with Special Emphasis on PortugalIn 1992, the Maastricht Treaty formally created the European Union as the move towards a common market soon revealed a need for monetary coordination, and this eventually led to the circulation of the euro currency in January 2002. Nineteen of the twenty-eight EU member states are part of the EuroZone, while other EU states, including Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, are required by treaty to eventually join. Even if the euro is destined to replace the dollar, it will happen slowly, and not cause a dollar collapse. Another reason why the shift to the euro, if it occurs, would happen slowly is because of the eurozone crisis. The European debt crisis is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in several eurozone member states since the end of 2009. These states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain,Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like the EFSF, the ECB, or the IMF.Portugal?s foreign debt-financed deficit?over 10 percent of GDP in 2009?meant that when investors withdrew, the country could no longer finance itself. This paper aims to draw a parallel between the Portuguese crisis and other European countries in similar situations with an in-depth analysis of the foreign exchange structure prevalent in the Eurozone. It will also infer common points surrounding these crises and examine possible solutions and safeguards for the future.


The purpose of this article is to describe a project that aims to foster active aging through entrepreneurial activities among older adults. The project establishes the feasibility of implementing an intervention program that assimilates the concept and capabilities of entrepreneurship among older adults and supports them while launching new ventures. A 12-meeting training program was provided to the selected participants followed by continuing support through a tailor-made incubator. The pilot experiment selected a group of retirees who sought work and had no previous entrepreneurial experience. Of the 22 participants in the intervention program, 15 (70%) actually started a microenterprise based on their previously formulated ideas and past work experience and encouraged by participation in the program. Fostering older adults' entrepreneurial activities has value much further than fulfilling individual needs because it provides benefits to the welfare of the community as well as to the economy. The pilot experiment suggests that this type of intervention program is feasible and warrants further studies.


Dear editor, The article "Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women" is an extremely valuable large-scale study which has focused on the association of breast cancer (BC) with hair dyes and hair stabilizers, very frequently used industrial products containing endocrinedisrupting chemicals (EDC). Interestingly, the positive findings can be an explanation for the increasing trend of BC incidence in developing countries, because women in these areas are using industrial dyes more frequently; and for the increasing rates of BC in young age, since hair dyes which were probably usedmainly on white hairs of aged people are now used very commonly in the young population. However, several points need to be addressed. First, as authors mention, only use of hair dye in the year before enrollment was questioned, and use throughout the cohort is not assessed. Therefore, hair dying in a nonuser who has got BC in year X and has colored her hair through the first X years of enrollment is overlooked. Also, how were the authors assured that nonusers did not use dyes in previous years? And, how much was the interval between use and BC? Second, results are stated to be adjusted for various variables but not for age, while age is most important when speaking about BC in a population where a great proportion are below the expected age of BC; and about hair dying, which is not likely to be distributed normally and without any relation to age of women. Third, the authors found out that application of semipermanent dye increases the risk of BC, while personal use did not. If skin absorption due to coloring of hands or inhalation of these materials causes rise in BC risk, then personal use could not be less effective. How can this result be justified? Fourth, when EDCs are to be investigated, many confounding factors should be considered. Environmental and nutritional factors are among the most important, because they can contain large proportions of these substances, produce a highly prevalent exposure, and may be very different among participants; especially between black and white women. Also, women who use hair dye more commonly generally also use more cosmetics, which contain EDCs and other probable effective ingredients. None of these has been addressed in the present study. Fifth, a weird finding that warrants re-evaluation is that postmenopausal women used hair dye less frequently than premenopausal women. Is it actually possible to accept that whitening of hair affects negatively the rate of hair coloring by women? There exist some more minor points. The authors first mention that one-third of women color their hair in the US, but in their cohort, more than half do (55%). Do they have an explanation for this difference? Also, BC is more frequent in postmenopausal women; have data about this group of participants been analyzed separately? A quick search on the internet shows how much a title about "increased risk of BC by hair dyes" can be disseminated, and how much it can alarm women. It seems reasonable to emphasize and even overemphasize two chief issues: First, as authors comment, all women in this study had a significant risk factor, which is a firstdegree family history, and they were not "general population." This point should have been quoted in the conclusion and even in the title of themanuscript. Second, the overall increase in risk was 9%, which is a slight increase. Even the 45% increase in black women remains comparable to many other minor risk factors. For example, the relative risk of BC for a woman who has had her first full-term delivery above 30 years of age is 1.93 and 2.83 if she also has a first-degree relative with BC. As a surgeon managing BC for many years, I have been asked many times by my eager patients if they could use hair dyes. We should not forget that these patients need to improve their quality of life, and a good appearance is one of the first steps. A recommendation to go on with white hair is disturbing to many: this point must be handled with great caution. Yours sincerely, Sadaf Alipour


The embodiment of the invention provides an augmented reality implementation method and device of a two-dimensional code. The method includes the steps that the two-dimensional code is detected in a camera-shot video frame image so as to acquire the outline of the two-dimensional code; the two-dimensional code with the two-dimensional code outline detected is recognized to acquire content information of the two-dimensional code, and the two-dimensional code with the two-dimensional code outline detected is tracked to acquire information of the position of the two-dimensional code in the camera-shot video frame image; according to the content information of the two-dimensional code and the information of the position of the two-dimensional code in the camera-shot video frame image, augmented reality processing is performed on the two-dimensional code. After the augmented reality implementation method and device of the two-dimensional code are applied, the detection process and the recognition process of the two-dimensional code are separated, two-dimensional code recognition processing with slow operation is reduced, and the operation speed of the two-dimensional code is increased.


Vitamin D plays an important role in musculoskeletal health due to its involvement in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus. The two forms of vitamin D – vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 – are both metabolised into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in the liver , which is the marker of vitamin D status. 25OHD is then transported to the kidney via the serum, bound to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), where 25OHD is converted to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) which is the active form of vitamin D . VDBP has a greater affinity for vitamin D3 than vitamin D2 due to the differences in their side chains . The aims of this analysis were to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on VDBP & 1,25(OH)2D and to assess differences in VDBP & 1,25(OH)2D in those with suboptimal (<50 nmol/L) vitamin D status compared to those with optimal (>50 nmol/L) vitamin D status. Healthy Caucasian (CA) and South Asian (SA) women, aged 20–64yrs, were recruited from the county of Surrey onto the D2-D3 study. The D2-D3 study was run over two consecutive winters and the participants took 15μg vitamin D2, 15μg vitamin D3 or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. A sub-set of participants (n73: n54 CA and n19 SA) were used in this analysis to explore the effects on VDBP and 1,25(OH)2D. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Serum 25OHD was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometry (ANSciex 5500 tandem mass spectrophotometer and MassChrom 25OHD3/D2 kit), serum 1,25(OH)2D was measured using an in vitro chemiluminescent immunoassay (DiaSorin Liaison XL 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), and VDBP was measured using a monoclonal Human VDBP Immunoassay Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems Europe). Statistical analysis was carried out using IMB SPSS24 (2016). There were no significant differences in VDBP or 1,25(OH)2D between CA or SA women at baseline (p> 0·5), therefore CA and SA were combined for these analyses. The data are presented in Table 1. In a mixed between-within analysis of variance, a significant interaction was found between time and intervention group on 1,25(OH)2D (p< 0·001, partial eta squared = 0·26). There was a significant main effect of time on 1,25(OH)2D (p= 0·007, partial eta squared = 0·14). No significant interaction was found between time and intervention group on VDBP (p= 0·295). Within the placebo group, there was no significant interaction between time and baseline vitamin D status (categorised as suboptimal <50 nmol/L or sufficient >50 nmol/L) on VDBP or 1,25(OH)2D (p= 0·275, p= 0·766 respectively).


The subject of the article is to study the impact of responsible innovations on the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in the EU. This study presents the following hypotheses about the impact of responsible innovation on the transformation, competitiveness and economic efficiency of enterprises, as well as society and the state. To collect data and test the hypotheses, a survey of SMEs in EU countries was conducted. The questionnaires filled out by managers and owners of 259 enterprises in various industries and with different forms of ownership were analyzed. Next, a factor analysis was conducted, and the proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. As a result, it can be argued that the introduction of responsible innovations has a positive impact on the transformation processes, the level of competitiveness of the enterprise, economic efficiency, social processes and government regulation. Therefore, enterprises should pay attention to the development and implementation of appropriate strategies for responsible innovation, as this will have a positive impact on their activities


During the summer of 2003, biomass fires burned a large area of Siberia, the largest in at least 10 years. We used the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to forecast the transport of the smoke from these fires. Transport of these airmasses to North America was confirmed by aircraft and surface observations. The fires resulted in enhancements in summer background CO and O3 of 23–37 and 5–9 ppbv, respectively, at 10 sites in Alaska, Canada and the Pacific Northwest. From the area burned, we estimate that the Siberian fires generated 68 Tg of CO and 0.82 Tg of NOx (as N). In addition, we show that the background O3 enhancement contributed to an exceedance of the ozone air quality standard in the Pacific Northwest. These results show that regional air quality and health are linked to global processes, including climate, forest fires and long‐range transport of pollutants.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of related substances of febuxostat.Methods:HPLC method for related substances test,the column:Hyseril ODS-BP(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase,A was acetonitrile-0.1% ammounium acetate,B was acetate;the detected wave was at 340 nm.Results:The linear range was in the concentration ranges of 3-300 μg/ml,r=0.999 9.Conclusion:The analytical method is reliable and can used to control the product quality of febuxostat both of the sample and the reference product.


The invention provides a discharging circuit of a memory to overcome the problem of uncontrollable discharging speeds of positive voltage and negative voltage in a traditional discharging circuit. The discharging circuit provided by the invention comprises a P-tube current mirror composed of PMOS tubes, an N-tube current mirror composed of NMOS tubes, a negative voltage discharging branch and a positive voltage discharging branch. Through controlling the number of the PMOS tubes in the circuit, the sizes of positive and negative voltage discharging currents are controlled, and the speeds of positive and negative voltage discharging currents are made to be identical in a same period of time. The speed of discharging current is controlled in the whole discharging process, so influence of an overfast discharging speed on the life of the memory is mitigated, and performance degradation of the memory is delayed; discharging in different periods of time is realized through adjusting the state of closing or opening of a switch, so discharging smoothness is improved.


Xenes, graphene-like two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental crystals with a honeycomb symmetry, have been the focus of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. In comparison, single-element 2D materials with a triangular lattice symmetry have not received due attention. Here, taking Pb as an example, we investigate the triangular-lattice monolayer made of group-IV atoms employing first-principles density functional theory calculations. The flat Pb monolayer supports a mirror-symmetry-protected spinless nodal line in the absence spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The introduction of an out-of-plane buckling creates a glide mirror, protecting an anisotropic Dirac nodal loop. Both flat and buckled Pb monolayers become topologically trivial after including SOC. A large buckling will make the Pb sheet a 2D semiconductor with symmetry-protected Dirac points below the Fermi level. The electronic structures of other group-IV triangular lattices such as Ge and Sn demonstrate strong similarity to Pb. We further design a quasi-3D crystal PbHfO$_2$ by alternately stacking Pb and 1T-HfO$_2$ monolayers. The new compound PbHfO$_2$ is dynamically stable and retains the properties of Pb monolayer. By applying epitaxial strains to PbHfO$_2$, it is possible to drive an insulator-to-metal transition coupled with an anti-ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition. Our results suggest the potential of the 2D triangular lattice as a complimentary platform to design new type of broadly-defined Xenes.


Strengthening the budgetary supervision of the local People's Congress is essential not merely to the deepening of budgetary reform but also to the improvement of the People's Congress system and socialist democracy. Budgetary supervision by the People's Congress comprises three elements: information, dialogue and enforcement. A national questionnaire survey based on these three elements shows that with the deepening of budgetary reform, the budgetary supervision of the People's Congress has undergone a shift from procedural to substantive oversight. Nevertheless, it still faces a number of challenges at local level. In the forthcoming reforms, budgetary supervision by the People's Congress should be strengthened to make local governments more accountable to the people.


This work presents a microporous silver cathode membrane reinforced with infiltration of samarium-doped ceria (SDC). The ion-conducting SDC effectively confines the surface of a porous silver membrane to maintain microporous structure and prevents the electrode agglomeration. SDC precursor solution is fired together with silver membrane at 700 °C for 2 h and formed as a nanocrystalline SDC on the silver pore surface. The SDC-infiltrated microporous silver membrane shows superior resistance to agglomeration without noticeable change in microstructures even at 900 °C for 12 h, which makes it promising for the application of solid oxide fuel cells as a cathode support.


Two different approaches to treat municipal landfill leachate with reverse osmosis membranes are evaluated and discussed. Possibilities are evaluated to radically reduce concentrate flow by a value that does not exceed 0,5-1 % of initial feed water flow to withdraw all rejected impurities together with dewatered sludge. Experimental procedure is developed and described to evaluate reduction of membrane flux and rejection during leachate treatment and recovery increase. Results of experimental investigations are presented that enable us to determine main characteristics of membrane process such as: membrane flux, ammonia rejection, membrane types, number of stages, and recovery. Experimental relationships are obtained to determine the required membrane recovery values that correspond to ammonia concentration in the feed water to meet required regulation values in the product water.


In the future, the construction of digital city will develop quickly and become the core of the urban construction. Digital community is the key node to connect families and digital city, and is an important step of ' Digital China' . The construction object of digital community and its functions are discussed with a scheme proposed for digital community system in China.


The functional morphology of hemocytes, kidney and pericardial gland cells was studied in the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha, experimentally exposed to lead. The tissular and intracellular localization of metal storage sites was Note presentee a la seance du 11 janvier 1996 par M. J.M. KELLER.


The paper has summarized the development of micrstructure simulation in solidification process.The developing process of deterministic,stochastic and phasefield method have been introduced. The development of numerical simulation in eutectic and dendrite alloy's solidification structure has been discussed.Finally,the trend for numerical simulation of solidification structure in the future has been predicted.


Abstract We comment on Mei's critique of the standard minimax formulation with the ARL to false alarm of a sequential detection rule as its operating characteristic, and provide an alternative Bayesian approach for his use of a mixing distribution to handle pre-change parameters. We also consider computational issues in implementing the ARL and better alternatives for evaluating sequential detection rules in complex stochastic systems.


Adaptive tolerance is a process by which T cells become desensitized when Ag stimulation persists following an initial immune response in vivo. To examine the biochemical changes in TCR signaling present in this state, we used a mouse model in which Rag2 (cid:1) / (cid:1) TCR-transgenic CD4 (cid:2) T cells were transferred into CD3 (cid:3) (cid:1) / (cid:1) recipients expressing their cognate Ag. Compared with naive T cells, adaptively tolerant T cells had normal levels of TCR and slightly increased levels of CD4. Following activation with anti-TCR and anti-CD4 mAbs, the predominant signaling block in the tolerant cells was at the level of Zap70 kinase activity, which was decreased 75% in vitro. Phosphorylations of the Zap70 substrates (linker of activated T cells and phospholipase C (cid:4) 1 were also profoundly diminished. This proximal defect impacted mostly on the calcium/NFAT and NF- (cid:5) B pathways, with only a modest decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This state was contrasted with T cell clonal anergy in which the RAS/MAPK pathway was preferentially impaired and there was much less inhibition of Zap70 kinase activity. Both hyporesponsive states manifested a block in I (cid:5) B degradation. These results demonstrate that T cell adaptive tolerance and clonal anergy are distinct biochemical states, possibly providing T cells with two molecular mechanisms to curtail responsiveness in different biological circumstances. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 2279–2291.


The utility model discloses an automatic control system for cast blank flame cutting. The automatic control system for the blank casting flame cutting comprises a controller, a gas supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a pulse generator, a power source, a length measuring system, a flame cutting device, a motor 1 and a motor 2, a gas magnetic valve, an oxygen magnetic valve, a blank-clamping magnetic valve, an impulse igniter and a flame detector, wherein the pulse generator sends impulse signals to the controller to bring convenience to the controller in working out the actual cutting thickness of a cast blank, the power source is connected with the controller, the length measuring system is connected with the controller and sends length signals to the controller, the flame cutting device cuts the cast blank, the motor 1 and the motor 2 are respectively driven by a cutting vehicle frequency converter and a cutting gun frequency converter and drive the flame cutting device to work, and the gas magnetic valve, the oxygen magnetic valve, the blank-clamping magnetic valve, the impulse igniter and the flame detector are respectively connected with the controller. By the adoption of a non-contact type image length detecting system and an automatic ignition device, the automatic control system for the cast blank flame cutting overcomes the defects that an existing measuring system is big in error, frequent in fault, not easy to maintain and the like, improves percent of pass of the cast blank, and at the same time saves energy resource.


Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can result in patients abnormalities of thinking, feeling, and strange activities. Schizophrenia prevalence in Indonesia is about 0,3-1% and range of patients age is usually 18-45 years old. Patients can't run their normal activities so that need for caregivers help. The Caregiver may get psychological morbidity because of treating schizophrenia patient with positive and negative symptoms. Form of caregiver psychological morbidity is depression. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between schizophrenia positive and negative symptoms to depression level of schizophrenia caregiver. This research method is a quantitative method that uses a type of observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used in this study by means of non-probability sampling Quota sampling method. In this study, a sample size of 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 samples of the informal caregiver. Schizophrenia caregiver such as their family, friend, or their neighbour. The instruments of study consist of patient's medical records and quisioners. Test analysis with Spearman's Rho test significancy obtained positive and negative symptoms of depression is the level at 0.001 which menunujukkan 0.001 < 0.05 p. The study concluded that there was significant correlation between schizophrenia positive and negative symptoms to depression level of schizophrenia caregiver in RSD. dr. Soebandi.


We propose a simple model to account for the anomaly observed in the tunneling conductance at a vortex core in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ by Hess et al. The sharp peak occurring at low bias is attributed to self-energy corrections of the normal electrons in the core caused by their coupling to superconducting excitations outside the core. The temperature dependence of the tunneling spectrum is calculated, and the low-bias peak is found to increase significantly at reduced temperature. However, the width hardly changes, but the dips on each side of the low-bias peak become more pronounced. Finally, we show that an appropriate (spatially dependent) admixture of the tunneling spectrum at the vortex center with the spectrum two coherence lengths away explains the position dependence of the tunneling conductance.


In this paper, we explore a text type based scheme of text analysis, through the specific problem of detecting the list text type. This is important because TTS systems that can generate the very distinct F 0 contour of lists sound more natural. The pre-sented list detection algorithm uses part-of-speech tags as input, and detects lists by computing the alignment costs of clauses in a sentence. The algorithm detects lists with 80% accuracy.


A nineteenth-century American actor named Thomas Rice was sensationally popular as a blackface character named Jim Crow. His popularity is credited with giving birth to blackface minstrelsy as others began to imitate him in the hope of emulating his success. Rice's Jim Crow provided a name for laws and customs designed to repudiate the emancipation of African slaves. Blackface minstrelsy staged an idealized version of slave life on a southern plantation. Paradoxically, as blackface revoked the emancipation of slaves on stage, it emancipated the American theatre from its British origins and its audience of recently immigrated laborers from a low social position. It even occasionally performed an ironic reversal of the subaltern status of the very African slaves whose freedom by proclamation and constitutional amendment the performance sought to negate. Contradictions in the history of blackface performance in the United States stage American anxieties about race, class, emancipation, and the very construction of the concepts of blackness and whiteness.


A fluid product dispensing device, comprising a main body (10), at least one individual tank (21) containing a single dose of powder, opening means (80) for opening an individual tank each time the device is actuated, a mouthpiece (200) defining a dispensing opening (5), movable support means (50) suitable for moving an individual tank (21) against said opening means (80) at each actuation, said movable support means (50) being movable between a non-dispensing position and a dispensing position, said movable support means (50) being urged towards the dispensing position of same by elastic means (70), such as a spring or a spring blade, and being held in the non-dispensing position by immobilising means (100), an inhalation trigger system (60) that comprises a deformable air chamber (61) cooperating with said dispensing opening (5), a trigger element (600) cooperating with said air chamber (61) and with said immobilising means (100), such that, during inhalation through said dispensing opening (5), said air chamber (61) is deformed and said trigger element (600) releases said immobilising means (100), such that, during inhalation, a tank is moved against and opened by said opening means (80), said fluid product dispensing device comprising an electronic device for counting or indicating doses (300) comprising a sensor (306) suitable for detecting the movement or deformation of a part of said fluid product dispensing device generated during or after inhalation by the user.


The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires expression of myeloid markers, CD13 and 33, positivity for myeloperoxidase and/or anti-MPO. AML with an unusual phenotype represented by myeloperoxidase positivity and absence of myeloid antigen expression is seen in less than 10 percent of cases. Myeloid antigens may be detected in the cytoplasm where they may be present before they are expressed on the cell surface. Here we present two rare cases of AML where the blasts were positive for myeloperoxidase and anti-MPO but negative for surface CD13 and CD33. Although AML-M2 with t (8; 21) is the subtype usually seen in these cases, one of our patients had biphenotypic leukemia with del power 9.


Since NAT is a highly sensitive technique for detecting low amounts of viral genomes, it is applied to the screening of source plasma to reduce the risk of viral infection through plasma-derived blood products.For this purpose we have used an NAT test for HBV, HCV and HIV by PCR in pooled plasma from of 500 individuals since November, 1997.Because nucleic acid extraction is the most time-consuming and laborious job in this NAT test, an automated method was sought to reduce the operation time and human error. This would allow processing of more samples than the currently used extraction.Recently, Roche Diagnostic K. K. has developed an automated extraction system named GT-12 and an extraction reagent for HCV RNA. In this study we compared GT-12 with the manual technique. The results show GT-12 extraction caused no contamination and had good reproducibility without any inter-day variation. Although GT-12 is less sensitive than the manual extraction method, it is sensitive enough to detect 100IU/ml as required by the CPMP guideline (CPMP/BWP/390/97). Operation time of extraction by GT-12 was about 2/3 of that by manual extraction. Introduction of GT-12 may contribute to the increased efficiency of the NAT test.


Objective:To observe change of calcium concentration in 5-hydroxytryptophan 3 receptor(5-HT3R) mediate signal pathway in hippocampus neurons,and to explore microscopic mechanisms of Shuyu capsule acting on depression emotion. Methods:Serum-free primary culture method was adopted for hippocampus neurons of rat. Under the guidance of the Chinese serum pharmacology:agonist was added in the culture medium to activate its mediated signal pathway,and a certain concentration of Shuyu capsule and saikosaponin medicated serum were prepared to incubate neurons. Fluorescent Fluo-3/AM and confocal microscopy were used to survey calcium concentration. Results:After incubating with agonist activating 5-HT3R,the intracellular calcium concentration levels in the hippocampus neurons increased obviously compared with the normal group(P 0.01). If we make drug serum interfered 24 hours beforehand,the intracellular calcium concentration in neurons had no difference with the normal group even though we added agonist in the medium,which is much higher than the agonist group(P 0.05). Conclusion:Shuyu capsule regulates the levels of Ca2+by activiting of 5-HT3R signaling pathway,which may be one of the mechanisms to treat depression emotion.


A survey of the narrative of the Fourth Gospel demonstrates the pervasiveness and significant positioning of the extended metaphor of a trial on a cosmic scale. This motif proves illuminating for a closer analysis of the plot in terms of both commission, complication and resolution, and of an actantial model. The cosmic lawsuit also colours the narrative's two-storey phenomenon, and the intertexual echoes of the motif from Isaiah 40-55 suggest a third foundational scriptural storey which shapes the narrative. Particularly important in support of Yahweh's claims in the trial scenes of Isaiah is the evidence stressing the correspondence between his predictive word and what happens in history. A similar correspondence can be seen to inform the function of the trial motif and its accompanying theme of truth when they appear in both the opening and the closure of the Fourth Gospel's narrative.


Nonimprovable e%ective su4cient conditions for solvability and unique solvability of the boundary value problem u′(t) = F(u)(t); u(a) = h(u); where F : C([a; b];R) → L([a; b];R) is a continuous operator satisfying the Carath< eodory condition and h : C([a; b];R) → R is a continuous functional, are established. ? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


This paper presents advantages and disadvantages of Raman spectroscopy when used for testing banknotes, i.e. in case study I, 1 and 5 dinars banknotes from a private collection dating from 1876 of numismatic value were analyzed, and in case study II, 1000 dinars banknote from circulation together with its counterfeit. In both cases banknotes were analyzed by using Raman spectrometer DXR Raman microscope at the Faculty of Physical Chemistry, with a laser of wave-length 780 nm at 12 mW of power. Specters were recorded under microscope using 50X lens in a range 1800-60 cm-1. Analyses from case study I on both specimens showed spectrum characteristic for fluorescence appearance, therefore intensive signal of fluorescence covered Raman signal. In case study II, it was established that Raman spectroscopy can reliably detect a counterfeit banknote. Research, comparisons and analyses regarding original and counterfeit 1000 dinars note were performed on red banknote surfaces.


Abstract Stem cell implantation can be used to induce neovascularization and has been tested as a therapy for ischemia treatment. However, stem cell implantation as a therapy for ischemia treatment may have limitations for clinical applications. Since the methods of stem cell harvest are invasive, it may not be feasible to harvest autologous stem cells from aged patients or patients with cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, poor cell survival after engraftment in ischemic tissue may lower the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that medium collected from human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) cultured as spheroids can exhibit improved therapeutic efficacy for ischemia treatment. hADSCs implanted to ischemic tissues support tissue revascularization in large part through secreted angiogenic factors. Due to a mild hypoxic environment formed in hADSC spheroid, spheroid culture was effective to precondition the hADSCs to upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene expression following significant enhancement in both angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factor secretion to the culture medium compared to monolayer cultures. Conditioned medium derived from hADSC monolayer culture (M-CM) or spheroid culture (S-CM), fresh medium (FM), or hADSCs were injected intramuscularly into the muscle in the medial thigh after mouse hindlimb ischemia modeling. S-CM administration significantly enhanced neovasclurization, protected muscles from incipient ischemic apoptosis, and improved limb survival as compared to M-CM or FM administration or hADSC implantation. These data suggest that injection of conditioned medium obtained from hADSC spheroid culture may be more effective therapeutic option for treatment of ischemic diseases than hADSC implantation. References 1. Bhang SH, Cho SW, La WG, Lee TJ, Yang HS, Sun AY, Baek SH, Rhie JW, Kim BS. Angiogenesis in ischemic tissue produced by spheroid grafting of human adipose-derived stromal cells. Biomaterials (in press)


A leaf miner of Jatropha curcas L.,Stomphastis thraustica Meyrick(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae),was newly found in China.The morphology,development and life history of the pest were studied both in fields and laboratory.The color,width and length of the pest at each stage were reported in details.The 95.54 percent of the larvae(n =426)climbs out to make cocoon from 10:00 am to 18 00 pm.The 89.19 percent of the eclosion(n = 111)takes place from 20:00 pm to 6:00 am.Mating occurs in the early morning and will lasts 30-210 minutes.The 87.53 percent of the eggs are laid during the 20:00 pm to 6:00 am.The adult likes to oviposit in the concave near the leaf nervure.The 66.77 percent(n = 8 266)of the eggs are laid on the back of the leaf.Each female can lay 60.03 eggs on average.The moth appears throughout the year in Panzhihua and has to endure the dry season in the adult from February to May.The moth has over ten generations per year in this region and the generations overlap.The development durations of different stages were investigated at natural temperature averaged 25.15℃in June in fields.The duratin of a whole generation is 18 to 20 days including 3 to 4 days for the egg stage,1 day for the first instar,1 to 2 days for the 2nd instar,1 to 2 days for the 3rd instar,1 to 2 days for the 4th instar,2 to 3 days for the 5th instar,1 day for prepupa,4 to 6 days for pupa,and 1 day for preoviposition.


A water-Soluble resin composition is provided which com prises (i) 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a 1,2-glycol linkage content of at least 1.8 mole percent and a degree of hydrolysis of at least 90 mole percent, (ii) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a plasticizer and (iii) 5 to 50 parts by weight of a monosaccharide and/or a polysaccharide, optionally together with (iv) 1 to 20 parts by weight of an inorganic filler. Also provided is a water soluble resin composition which comprise (i') 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a 1,2-glycol linkage content of at least 1.8 mole percent and a degree of hydrolysis of 92 to 99 mole percent, (ii) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a plasticizer and (iv) 1 to 20 parts by weight of an inorganic filler, optionally together with (iii) 5 to 50 parts by weight of a monosaccharide and/or polysaccharide. Further provided are water-Soluble films produced by using those water-Soluble resin compositions.


ABSTRACT The twenty-first century has signalled the explosion of documentary film practices in India. Based on anthropological fieldwork conducted between 2007 and 2009, this article analyses contemporary documentary film festivals in India conceived as a combination of cultural performance and cultural activism. Through a combination of first person experience in the field and historical research, it argues for identifying a legacy of contemporary documentary film festivals not only in the most recent history of political activism and filmmaking, but also in early cinematic practices of film exhibition during the colonial period of the Indian subcontinent - that is, when documentary films were part of an already existing public entertainment.


Two papers in this issue are devoted to the process of cell death, one in tissue atrophy, the other in a growing neoplasm. On p, 333, Walker and Gobe demonstrate that cell death in salivary gland atrophy following duct obstruction is effected by the process of apoptosis. Salivary atrophy is a relatively minor pathological problem, but the questions addressed


Since the recognition of the existence of prolactin (PRL) in humans as a pituitary hormone distinct and separate from growth hormone (GH), it has been found that a large proportion of pituitary tumors secrete prolactin, either alone or in combination with other anterior pituitary hormones such as GH,1'2 thyrotropin-secreting hormone (TSH),3 or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).4 Hyperprolactinemia attributable to pituitary tumors is found in 15 to 59% of female patients presenting with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or both.5-11 The goal in the treatment of pituitary adenomas secreting prolactin has been to reduce the serum prolactin to normal levels without interfering with normal anterior pituitary function. In the past several years the availability of synthetic forms of hypothalamic releasing hormones for clinical investigation has made it possible to obtain objective assessments of anterior pituitary functional status In patients with pituitary tumors. Since 1976 we have routinely used such assessments to document the success of selective transsphenoidal adenomecmy12-14 to treatment for all pituitary tumors. In this article we present the results of surgical treatment for tumors hypersecreting prolactin and analyze the effect of presurgical treatment with bromocriptine.


Objective To investigate mental health of SARS patients and related factors for the following three periods:being hospitalized,being discharged from hospital and at present.Methods 116 SARS patients completed self-reported inventories including Common Status Questionnaire,SCL-90,SES,SCG,PSSS and EPQ.Results Univariate correlation analysis revealed that the severity of SARS felt by patients,self-esteem and negative coping actions were related to the status of being hospitalized.The severity of SARS felt by patients and self-esteem were related to the status of being discharged from hospital.Gender,the past psychological diseases and self-esteem were related to the present status.Multiple-factor analysis indicated that the severity of SARS felt by patients and self-esteem were the main influencing factors for patients being hospitalized.The main influencing factors for patients being discharged from hospital were the severity of SARS felt by patients,self-esteem and negative coping actions.The main influencing factors at present were the degree of culture,self-esteem and negative coping actions.Conclusion SARS patients exist severe mood disorders.Intervention on psychosomatic symptoms need to be conducted on the patients.


Paget 's Disease and Alopecia.—Dr. M. GABEETTS. A woman aged 66. Hlniory.—Diffii.se aloj)ecia of the scalp for the la.tt seven years; recently sufFering from severe headaches for the last year; noticed to have anabnormally .shaped skull with lateral bulging of the temporal regions. Iiive.'itiijaUom.—Skiagram of skull— There is gross Paget'.s disease of the .skull with basilar invasion. The thiekno.ss of the anterior cranium is quite remarkable." Cf>mmeni.~\ have now asked for skull x-rays in thirteen cases of diffuse alopecia in elderly women; three of these have marked evidence of Paget's disease of the skull. Paget'.s (lisea.se of bone i.s not uncommon in this part of England. The possibility of a vascular abnormality of the skull resulting from a shunt, due to the presence of Paget's disease of bone, is suggested as a possible rare cause for diffuse aloj)ccia.


There are many environmental sensitive receptors such as residential buildings and hospitals around the Dagu South Road Flyover.After the project is completed and put into operation,forecasted noise values of the impacts of traffic noises on the sensitive receptors on the road sides will be increased by 0~11.1dB(day)and 0.1~13.1dB(night)compared with the current values,except for Binhai Special Hospital and JinBuLi lst Floor in short term.It exceeds generally above 15 dB.Based on the comparation of feasibilities of technology and economy with noise-barrier,noise-mitigated road,sound proof window,virescence belt and adjusting the layout of building on road sides,the sound proof window is recommended as the feasible noise mitigation measure of the project.


Multiple myeloma is typically characterized by hypercalcaemia, renal function impairment, bone pain, anaemia, neurological disease, or recurrent infection. We present a unique case of multiple myel...


Recent developments within human-computer interaction (HCI) and cognitive neuroscience have come together to motivate and enable a framework for HCI with a solid basis in brain function and human r ...


Laura Dannon, an educator with experience as teacher, assistant principal, and principal, enjoys her profession. Faculty camaraderie and student/teacher busyness at her school have led her to think all is well. A sudden outburst by a new teacher causes her to reflect on what is really happening. What has changed? Have media criticism, movements against education, attacks on teacher unions, criticisms of college education teacher preparation programs, and a severe economic downturn created an environment in which she needs to rethink her priorities? How does one lead amid criticism, crisis, and disrespect? How can one be a successful leader at the micro level when the broader narrative is dominated by negativism and perceptions of failure?


As "stop-out" behavior becomes an increasingly common attendance pattern in higher education [22, 34], understanding the personal, educational, and occupational motivations underlying the intent to reenter college takes on added importance. The often substantial period of employment, family rearing, military service, and other activities may be important steps in the development of adulthood for many who "stop-out" of college prior to earning their degree. Given this added maturation, the factors influencing their intent to return to college may be quite different from those associated with the initial college enrollment of secondary school seniors. "Stop-outs" may be a contributing factor to the increasing number of adults enrolling in institutions of higher learning. For example, the National Center for Education Statistics [20] recently reported that the enrollment of adults over the age of 25 grew 11 percent between 1970 and 1982. Although there is considerable research on the reasons why students terminate their college education [6, 22, 31, 34], there is little systematic information about the factors that influence their decision to return to college. The primary orientation of research to date has been the development of descriptive profiles of adult learners [12, 13, 14]. Efforts to assess the educational motivations and goals of adults often have yielded conflicting findings. For example, Wolfgang and Dowling [35] found adults to be motivated more by cognitive interests ("learning for


The aim – to present the features of the clinical manifestations and course of two cases of embolism of the coronary arteries, in which fragments of left atrial (LA) tumors served as the embolic substrate. Materials and methods. This article discusses two cases of embolism with tumor fragments of the coronary arteries. In this case, the neoplasms were located in the left heart. Of particular interest is the fact that the clinical manifestations of embolism varied significantly, from severe pain requiring endovascular intervention, to minor discomfort lasting for several hours, without necessity of the inpatient treatment. Results. It should be noted that in both cases, a tumor lesion of the heart was detected several months after primary manifestation of the disease, namely, embolism of the coronary arteries. Echocardiography study made possible to get a correct diagnosis. In one case it was a routine examination 6 months after stenting of the coronary artery. The reason to perform echocardiography in another case was the result of electrocardiography, showing necrotic changes of the left ventricular posterior wall. In both cases, echocardiographic data prompted immediate surgery of the neoplasms. The structure of neoplasm samples obtained as a result of the surgery confirmed the possibility of coronary artery embolism with tumor fragments. Conclusions. Embolic complications may be a first manifestation of cardiac tumor. Fragmentation of the heart neoplasms may lead to damage of the cerebral and coronary arteries. Embolic complications can occur in young patients. Coronary artery embolism in cardiac tumors is associated with diverse clinical manifestations. Key words: myxoma, heart tumors, embolic complications, coronary arteries, coronary angiography.


The fog has fallen over The pathways of my senses crippled Sliding off the uneven cobblestones Following the points tender, spread in sand. The Queen Square hammer, Nailing the truth into the tendons Bouncing back the anxieties once more. Then I hear the vibrations On the bone split in midline The Time Pieces melting Dripping more mysteries. The dendrites dissolve into the mind This enormous soap bubble, The fears nurtured into, Settles on this wheel chair, Molded of emotions and solace.


The fields of nuclear and particle physics have undertaken extensive programs to search for evidence of physics beyond that explained by current theories. The observation of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider completed the set of particles predicted by the Standard Model (SM), currently the best description of fundamental particles and forces. However, the theory's limitations include a failure to predict fundamental parameters and the inability to account for dark matter/energy, gravity, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, among other phenomena. Given the lack of additional particles found so far through direct searches in the postHiggs era, indirect searches utilizing precise measurements of well-predicted SM observables allow highly-targeted alternative tests for physics beyond the SM. Indirect searches have the potential to reach mass/energy scales beyond those directly accessible by today's high-energy accelerators. The value of the weak charge of the proton QW p is an example of such an indirect search, as it sets the strength of the proton's interaction with other particles via the well-predicted neutral electroweak force. Parity symmetry (invariance under spatial inversion (x,y,z) → (-x,-y,-z)) is violated only in the weak interaction, thus providing a unique tool to isolate the weak interaction in order to measure the proton's weak charge1. Here we report QW p = 0.0719 ± 0.0045, as extracted from our measured parityviolating (PV) polarized electron-proton scattering asymmetry, Aep = –226.5 ± 9.3 ppb. Our value of QW p is in excellent agreement with the SM2, and sets multi-TeV-scale constraints on any semi-leptonic PV physics not described within the SM. In the electroweak SM, elastic scattering is mediated by the exchange of neutral currents (virtual photons and Z0 bosons) between fundamental particles. A particle's weak charge Q( is analogous to but distinct from its electric charge Q: the former quantifies the vector coupling of the Z0 boson to the particle, while the latter quantifies the vector coupling of the photon to the particle. The proton's weak charge Q( * is defined1 as the sum of the weak vector couplings C,of the Z0 boson to its constituent u and d


Pulse diagnosis, an ancient technique in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is an effective non-invasive method for diagnosing human diseases. Traditionally, the practitioners use their fingertips to sense the pulse of the blood vessels on the patient's wrist. However, this method heavily and subjectively depends on the doctor's experience. Additionally, it's impossible to store the patient's pulse records for posterior review or analysis. To solve such restrictions, a wearable device that could precisely measure the wrist-based pulse signal and save it as digital data was proposed. In the proposed device, a piezoelectric sensor, which is a highly sensitive, lightweight, stable sensor, was used to record variations of the pulse. Since wrist pulse signals collected by the device contain various types of noises which make it difficult to assess the shape of the pulse wave, a slight low-pass filter was applied to remove high-frequency noises. The processed data was then compared with simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) data for the sake of evaluation. The preliminary results showed that recorded data from the proposed device is consistent with the equivalent ECG data.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the treatment of multiple or recurrent intracranial tumors by hypodermic placement of Ommaya reservoir and local chemotherapy with methotrexate.

METHODS
Retrospective analyses were performed on the clinical data of 45 cases with multiple or recurrent intracranial tumors at Friendship Affiliated Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2010 to September 2013. All 45 cases had a placement of Ommaya reservoir under skin. Shunt tubes were placed in ventricle (n = 41), cystic tumor cavity (n = 3) and tumor cavity (n = 1). Methotrexate was injected postoperatively into Ommaya reservoir by transcutaneous paracentesis.

RESULTS
After local chemotherapy, head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) re-examinations were performed. Tumors disappeared (n = 32), shrunk significantly (n = 10) and had no significant improvement of symptoms with spinal implantation metastasis (n = 1). During chemotherapy, there were two mortalities due to septic shock and heart failure (n = 1 each). Follow-ups were conducted for 32 cases and 7 of them died. One case had operation-related complications. After an adjustment of shunt tube, symptoms and signs improved. And after local chemotherapy, tumor disappeared on MRI.

CONCLUSION
The placement of Ommaya reservoir is mini-invasive and well-tolerated. And local chemotherapy with methotrexate by Ommaya reservoir is convenient and it may reduce systemic side effects, improve the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, prolong survival time and enhance quality of life.


Geometrical registration of two images is nowadays a current and important step in remote sensing in view of further processing and interpretation of the data. Therefore, geometrical registration of images with different ground resolutions is useful for a better comprehension of dynamic processes (i.e., deforestation, desertification), as well as for extrapolating models of interpretation from a small region to larger areas. We present a new method of automatic registration, based on a multiresolution decomposition of the images using the wavelet transform. The main properties of this transform, as well as how the use of the wavelet model leads to an automated geometric matching between the different images, are described.


Setting perfect esthetics in the frontal region is one of the main concerns in orthodontics. The self-assessment of this part of the mouth is very easy, hence, the interest of the patient is always focused on the frontal teeth. Although a correct posterior occlusion is at least as important as the anterior relationship, patients do not care about it in the same way. However defining dentofacial -esthetics is not easy at all. Currently published -literature should help to point out the impact of anterior tooth asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. As esthetics is in the eye of the -beholder, it is really subjective. Different dental malpositions were judged not only by dental professionals (orthodontists, dentists) but also by lay persons. Although the perception of attrac-tiveness and its evaluation differed between the 3 groups, all of them agreed that symmetric malformations were more attractive than asymmetric ones. The esthetic expectations of the patient, however, do not always match those of the orthodontist. The findings of the presented studies could help the orthodontist considering the pa-tients' esthetic requests from the beginning.


Employing a test structure, velocity overshoot in silicon inversion layers is observed at room temperature. For channel lengths longer than 0.3 mu m, the velocity/field relation follows the well-known behavior with no channel length dependence. The first indication of velocity overshoot is seen at a channel length of 0.22 mu m, while at L=0.12 mu m, drift velocities up to 35% larger than the long-channel value are measured.<<ETX>>


so much sympathy and humour and enthusiasm, that one may very well read it more than once. The author's opinion of the Australian aborigines is a surprise. He says: 'It is my deliberate opinion that the aboriginals at Yarrabah have shown themselves as capable of those qualities of discipline, unselfishness, self-restraint, and fixity of purpose which go to make up civilized -social life as any other race.' Afterwards he tells a delightful story of an aboriginal, called Neighbour, who was being taken in chains to prison somewhere on a , charge of theft although innocent, and who plunged into the flooded river, chains and all, to


The present invention relates to the field of separation purification techniques, particularly carbon nanotubes modified filler is disclosed, their preparation and use. Adsorption of carbon nanotubes of the present invention was prepared in the following manner by filler: carbon nanotubes, walnut shell powder, castor shell powder is mixed with diatomaceous earth alginate aqueous solution formed hydrosol; chloride was added dropwise to the aqueous sol aqueous solution of calcium, the adsorption filler is formed of carbon nanotubes hydrogel spheres. Packing adsorbent carbon nanotubes thus obtained only overcomes the deficiencies of the carbon nanotubes alone, but also a filler imparting adsorption pressure resistance and chemical stability. Very suitable for purification of natural products isolated by column adsorption method, it is possible to obtain good separating effect and to reduce manufacturing costs.


DNA of eukaryotic cells is organized into loops fixed to the nuclear matrix. The size of the loops varies from 50 to 150 kb. It was shown that mammalian ribosomal genes are organized into loops equal in length to an individual ribosomal repeat. These loops are separated by the sites of attachment to the nuclear matrix in the region of internucleosomal spacers. In this study, we compared the fragmentation of ribosomal genes after treatment of permeabilized cells with Bal{sub 31} nuclease and the long-range fragmentation of the genome by endogenous topoisomerase. 15 refs., 2 figs.


expressions and cognitive models for the images that underlie the conceptual fields of 'lying', 'deceit' and 'falsehood'. As a foreign language teacher, I noted that Doval Suárez and González's paper (Chapter 7) reflects a recent research trend in second language acquisition: instead of examining the grammatical system, they have focused on discourse perspectives on second language acquisition. Discourse perspectives through cohesion and coherence theory and information structure theory, supported by corpus-based analysis, provide both practical and theoretical frameworks for the book. This volume is an excellent choice for researchers needing an overview of recent research trends in contrastive discourse analysis. An understanding of the diverse theoretical perspectives discussed in this volume provides excellent background knowledge for understanding how contrastive discourse analysis is defined and why certain research methods are used in empirical studies. A clearly discernible and positive aspect of the workshop context (and the editors' work) is that all authors have obviously made an effort to address cross-linguistic categorization and to extend the scope of their discussions beyond any single language. However, the languages presented in the book are limited to Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. This aspect of the book could have been strengthened by the inclusion of non-European languages, for example, Chinese, Japanese or Korean. Despite this limitation, the data from related languages and references from various linguistic traditions make it all the more a book of interest and value to contrastive discourse research.


We have studied the possibility of using the nonequilibrium of radon daughters as an atmospheric tracer. Over a 7-month period, two daily measurements were taken, one in the early morning and another in the early afternoon at a sampling point with a continental climate. The Rn in the atmospheric air is determined by electroprecipitation of Ra A (218Po) ions, and the Ra B (214Pb) and Ra C (214Bi) daughter concentrations are evaluated by gamma spectrometry. The results show a great variation of the activity ratios Ra B/Rn and Ra C/Rn during the sampling period, depending on the time of measurements and weather conditions. The relations between the activity ratios Ra B/Rn and Ra B/Rn with the stability of the atmosphere has been studied. The stability of the atmosphere was established by two methods: Pasquill's and Turner's stability categories. In the second case, the relationship between the activity ratios Ra B/Rn and Ra C/Rn with stability was higher.


Cap1p, encoded by CAP1, is a basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor in Candida albicans. It has been proven to play important roles in both drug resistance and oxidative stress. Within the AP-1 family, Cap1p belongs to the same subgroup which also includes Yap1p, Yap2p, and Pap1p. The function of Cap1p is regulated by a nuclear localization mechanism. In recent years, some target genes of Cap1p have been discovered and the differences as well as similarities between Cap1p and Yap1p have been revealed. However, the role of Cap1p in the drug resistance of Candida albicans still needs to be further investigated. Currently drug resistance and oxidative stress are the 2 focuses in the research of fungal pathogens, making Cap1p very important in the future study. The authors have been involved in Cap1p research for a long time and this review introduces the current progress in the area.


The focus of the research was to investigate the fundamental aerodynamics of the base flow of a tractor trailer that would prove useful in fluid flow management. Initially, industry design needs and constraints were defined. This was followed by an evaluation of state-of-the-art Navier-Stokes based computational fluid dynamics tools. Analytical methods were then used in combination with computational tools in a design process. Several geometries were tested at 1:8 scale in a low speed wind tunnel. In addition to the baseline geometry, base add-on devices of the class of ogival boattails and slants were analyzed.


This starts from a thorough discussion of the political theory of Mouffe and Laclau and offers an exploration of the theme of antagonism. It naturally fits into a perspective of >normative economic existentialism.


of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Marvin Dawkins. No. of pages in text. (62) This thesis explores race and gender differences in perceptions and behaviors regarding weight and obesity, along with the relative influence of individual and structural factors on the personal weight status of black and white adults. In addition, this study examines the extent to which black and white adults differ in their perceptions of discrimination attributed to their personal weight. Based on an analysis of data from a national poll conducted by ABC News and TIME magazine, results indicate that weight status perceptions of overweight black females were consistent, while incongruity was found in perceived and actual weight status among obese black women. On the other hand, a greater proportion of obese white women under-assessed their weight status compared to obese black women. However, regardless of race, men were more likely to under-assess their weight than women. There were no differences by race and gender in reports of having felt discriminated against because of personal weight status. Findings also revealed that black females and males face greater constraints than their white counterparts related to controlling weight and fighting obesity, including such factors as a lack of information on how to establish good eating habits, the need to monitor food content, and being able to afford the cost of purchasing healthy food. A discussion of these findings in relation to previous research is provided along with recommendations for further study.


Palaeomagnetic secular variation (PSV) and excursion data obtained across MIS 8 (243–300 ka) from the western North Atlantic Ocean ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) sites 1060–1063 show composite high-resolution PSV records (both directions and relative palaeointensity) developed for each site and intercompared. Two methods of chronostratigraphy allow us to date these records. First, we used published results that compared the calcium carbonate records of ODP Leg 172 sediments and tuned them with Milankovich cyclicity. We also compared our palaeointensity records with the PISO-1500 global palaeointensity record that was dated with oxygen isotope stratigraphy. We prefer the PISO-1500 record to date our cores. Two excursions are preserved in our PSV records—Excursions 8α and 9α. Our revised age estimates for both excursions are 8α (236.7–239.8 ka) and 9α (283.7–286.9 ka). We have compared shipboard measurements of the two excursions with u-channel measurements of selected excursion intervals. Excursion 8α is interpreted as a 'Class II' excursion (local reversal) with in-phase inclination and declination changes; Excursion 9α is a 'Class I' excursion with 90° out-of-phase inclination and declination changes. Averaged directions (after removal of true excursional directions) and relative palaeointensity in 3 and 9 ka overlapping intervals show significant PSV directional variability over 104 yr timescales that is regionally correlatable among the four sites. A notable pattern of angular dispersion variability involves most time spent with low (∼10°) dispersion, with three shorter intervals of high (∼25°) dispersion. The relative palaeointensity variability also shows significant variability over 104 yr timescales with three notable intervals of low palaeointensity in all four records and a direct correspondence between the three low-palaeointensity intervals and the three intervals of high angular dispersion. The two magnetic field excursions occur in two of the three low-palaeointensity/high-dispersion intervals. This suggests that the geomagnetic field operates in two states between reversals, one with regular to high palaeointensity and low directional variability and one with low palaeointensity and significantly higher directional variability and excursions.


Multi-element resistor rosettes on silicon are widely utilized to measure integrated circuit die stress in electronic packages and other applications. Past studies of many sources of error have led to rosette optimization and demonstrated that temperature-compensated stress extraction should be used whenever possible. In this work, we extend the error analysis to include the inherent uncertainty in the measured values of the sensor resistances and the temperature at time of the measurement. The stresses in an under-filled flip chip package are calculated using finite element simulation and utilized to evaluate the stress dependent sensitivities across the die surface. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm that temperature compensated rosette configurations should be utilized whenever possible.


Conglomerates, the lithified equivalent of gravels alternate with sandstones and mudstones in the upper parts of the Aghajari Formation in the Zagros Basin, southwestern Iran. The thickness of the Aghajari Formation in this studied area is 2221 meters. Polymictic conglomerates form excellent outcrops in the central parts of the study area. From the view of its (coarse) clast composition, the Aghajari Formation consists of two types of conglomerates: 1) limestone-chert clast-supported conglomerate (LCCSC) and 2) limestone clast-supported conglomerate (LCSC). The chronological and spatial relationships between these conglomerates are not easily determined caused by existence some thrust faults at their approximate boundaries. In the vertical succession, various lithofacies were recognized; their textural characteristics and sedimentary structures suggest a non-marine depositional system as they match with standard lithofacies of meandering rivers. Epirogenic movements in the region started in the Oligocene, showed by a polymictic conglomerate beds at the Jahrum-Asmari Formation boundary. These movements then changed to orogenic ones with the depositioning gravelly alluvium now known as Aghajari (upper parts) Formation.


The competitive balance has always been considered as an important criterion of professional sports,which is a basic economics theory of professional sports.With economic sociology idea and the historical and comparative analysis methods,We study the competitive balance of professional sports on the specific social processes and social network structure.It has been thought that the competitive balance of professional sports originated from the empirical summary before the globalization of professional sports,with a clear one-sided perspective of league investigation and economic goals pursuit,and turned into the important theoretical basis of the western professional sports based on its high level of empirical investigation,But today it faced such challenges as:professional sports globalization(information technology) development,competition and income sources of the expansion of the structure changes,and its appliance is poor for our professional sports.From our actual situation of professional sports,it should promote unbalanced development strategy to strengthen the development of professional sports in China.


Acute subdural hematomas are collections of acute blood in the subdural space. They usually present as a result of significant head trauma. They can occur spontaneously in relationship to an underlying hemorrhagic lesion such as tumor, arteriovenous malformation, or aneurysm. They are more likely to be associated with cortical injury than the epidural hematoma. Neurological symptoms on presentation are related to the underlying brain injury and/or mass effect. Acute subdural blood on CT scan is hyperdense, in a crescent shape, along the inner dural surface. Emergent surgical intervention via craniotomy is indicated in patients with at least 10 mm in thickness or at least 5 mm shift, or elevated ICP, or pupillary dilatations suggesting herniation, or progression of deficit based on the Glasgow Coma Score. Conservative management of small acute subdural hematomas may be done in select situations that include proper ICU monitoring for ICP elevations and neurological deteriorations.


Forest and land fires (Karhutla) are a phenomenon that often occurs in Indonesia every year. Moreover, there are many changes in land use, such as on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. For example, in Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. Climatic factors can affect the occurrence of forest and land fires. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hotspots and rainfall on the occurrence of forest and land fires in Indonesia 2019 to 2020. This study used NASA MODIS hotspot data, administrative maps, and rainfall data from the BMKG. The results of this study indicate that rainfall is very influential on the number of hotspots, if the rainfall is low then the hotspots is high and vice versa. July to November is the dry season in 2019, while 2020 is from August to October. From the results of the P-Value correlation test, only South Kalimantan Province is below the 0.05 limit, which is 0.041. Meanwhile, from the results of the R-Person correlation test, Jambi Province has a positive notation (+). Which means that rainfall has no effect on the number of hotspots in the two provinces.
Keywords: correlation, fire, hotspot, modis, precipitation


Sapindus rarak DC, well known as the Lerak plant, is one of the native plants of Indonesia.
SMPK Stanislaus is a green school that uses Klerak as its icon. Learning about this plant has been
integrated into some subjects including English. To improve vocabulary increases the student's ability to
communicate in English. 7th grade students got their basic vocabulary knowledge in elementary, so the
reading skill can be used as a technique for further improvement. The purpose of this paper is to show
what the writer had done in classroom with the students by reading about the Lerak plant as the topic.
SMPK Stanislaus is one of the green schools in Surabaya that attracts many other schools and
institutions to come to us to learn about the green lifestyle and environment, so the teachers must be able
to prepare the students so they can communicate about the activities and programs at a green school.
This process can be done in the classroom. The common way to improve reading skills is for the teacher,
using Power point as the media, to ask each student to come to the front of the class and read a
paragraph. Hopefully this will improve the student's vocabulary and their confidence to use English.


[caption id="attachment_682" align="alignleft" width="150" caption="The Sonos S5 fits nicely on your kitchen counter"][/caption]

The Sonos S5 is a compact speaker that delivers more than just music,


Clinical manifestations of malaria are associated with repeated cycles of multiplication of the parasite in the blood, and any prospective immunopr0phylaxis needs effectively to control the blood phase of the infection. Present attempts (1-10) to identify parasite antigens of potential value in vaccination against asexual blood stages of the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum have implicated a number of different parasite polypeptides. However, experimentally induced immunity against the blood forms of P. falciparum is known to have a significant isolate-specific component (1 1-16), indicating intraspecies antigenic diversity in one or several of the relevant protective antigen(s ) . Furthermore, in endemic areas, individuals naturally exposed to the infection suffer repeated parasitemias and clinical attacks of the disease before any degree of immunity is acquired (17, 18). The reasons for such a slow and gradual development of immunity are unknown but the pattern is consistent with the existence of a variety of antigenically distinct parasite strains to which a human host may need to be exposed before he acquires cumulative immunity against the majority of the diverse strains present in his environment. It is therefore crucial to research aimed at the development of widely applicable vaccine that the degree of antigenic diversity in defined parasite antigens is elucidated. Moreover, most immunological research on malaria has been carried out with a limited number of antigenicaily poorly defined P. falciparum isolates and it is not known how far such isolates are representative of wild parasite populations in endemic areas. Thus there is a need for a system of immunological classifications of the parasite in order to understand how experimental results obtained in the laboratory may relate to the situation in the field. Recently, we have used a panel of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) ~ to demonstrate that the species P. falciparum consists of a number of antigenically diverse strains. Some of these strains may have a world-wide distribution (19, This work was supported by a grant from The Wellcome Trust. Address correspondence to J. McBride. 1 Abbreviations used in this paper: BSA, bovine serum albumin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IFA, indirect immunofluorescence assay; mAb, monoclonal antibody; NP-40, Nonidet P-40; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PPO, 2,5,-dipbenyloxazole; PSA, polymorphic schizont antigen; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylarnide gel electrophoresis; TCLK, tosyI-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone.


. Homeomorphisms on open manifolds with polyhedral irregular sets are studied. For high dimensions, necessary and sufficient conditions for certain codimension three irregular sets to be tame are given. Several examples of homeomorphisms with wild irregular sets are given.


The present invention relates to a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve (1), the fuel injection valve (1) is have a valve element (20), the hole in the valve body (20) (62) the valve member (60) in are axially movably disposed, said valve member (60) is counter to the closing force is controlled hydraulically by the fuel pressure in the pressure chamber (64) in a possible longitudinal sliding Te, thereby being adapted to control at least one injection opening (68), the control valve in the fuel injection valve (30) has been arranged, said control valve (30) but the control valve bore (38) have a longitudinal slidable control valve member (32) within, said control valve member (32) is the high-pressure fuel source in a first position (10) and the pressure chamber It opens the connection between the (64), the connection between the relief chamber (72) and the pressure chamber (64) Cross and, in a second position connects the pressure chamber (64) a control chamber (50), and about what the interrupt type connections to the fuel high pressure source (10) during this. The pressure wave generated during the closing of the control valve (30), the control chamber (50) to reach within the control chamber is connected to the relief chamber through the receiving bore (43) (72), the receiving bore ( within 43) have been pressed pin (45) is guided by the pressing pins (45) rigid coupling, and movement in synchronously longitudinal valve member (60), the push pin (45) by the hydraulic pressure of the pressure wave due to the longitudinal movement, to the load in the closing direction of the valve member (60).


The fractal properties of premixed transient flames propagating downwards through a near-isotropic turbulent flow field in a fan-stirred cruciform burner were investigated. The long vertical section of the cruciform burner was used to provide a downward propagating premixed flame at 1 atm. The large horizontal vessel equipped with a pair of counter-rotating fans and perforated plates at each end was used to generate near-isotropic turbulence. Turbulent flame front images were obtained using high-speed laser sheet imaging for both methane-air and propane-air mixtures. The nondimensional turbulent intensity ( u ′/S L ), Reynolds number based on the integral length scale, and turbulent Karlovitz number were varied from 1 to 10, from 698 to 6032, and from 0.05 to 1.43, respectively. Hundreds of runs for each experimental condition were carried out to obtain sufficient images of these turbulent transient flame fronts just in the central uniform region. These images were then processed to extract fractal dimension, inner and outer cutoffs using both the circle and the caliper methods. It was found that the mean fractal dimension is only 2.18, nearly independent of u ′/S L , in support of recent Bunsen-flame results found by Gulder and his co-workers. This contradicts the findings of many previous studies in which the fractal dimension may approach asymptotically to a value of 2.33 when u ′/S L > 3. The inner (e i ) and outer (e 0 ) cutoffs are found to be nearly constant for all flames studied, where e 0 is an order of magnitude greater than e i and it is smaller than the integral length scale of unreacted turbulence. Finally, the present fractal characteristics cannot predict turbulent burning velocities correctly when the available fractal closure model was used, indicating a limit of the fractal analysis on prediction of turbulent burning velocities.


One of the beauties of Islamic Law is its recognition of the fallibility of human beings in carrying out their spiritual and mundane activities. Moreover, it comprehends the difficulties they will face in achieving both their spiritual and mundane objectives. Thus, Islamic Law endorses the breach of certain rules in cases of dire necessity. The maxim which establishes this approval and is supported by sound evidence from the Qurʾān, Ḥadīth, and scholarly consensus (ijmāʿ) is "Hardship begets facility" (al-mashaqqa tajlib at-taysīr).


Sanitation is one of the oldest of sciences, probably as old as that of gardening, for it must have been practised in a crude manner since the times of primeval man, who made his first house by bending and fastening together tree branches, and doubtless placed the access to his habitation towards the sun, and screened from prevailing winds and rain. Sunshine and air in relation to habitations probably never received so much thought as they do to-day, calling forth the present popular advertisement, &dquo; Sunshine habitations.&dquo; It is, however, to be hoped that the tendency of to-day to surround the whole or part of a habitation with verandas and balconies will not be overdone, and thus prevent the penetration of the sun, which in our climate favours us at far too infrequent intervals.


Dyeing differences of microstructures in sporulation at different stages of Physarum melleum and P.globuliferum were observed by using safranin-fast green and iron alum-hematoxylin.The results showed that there were species level,larger and mini cleavage in plasmodium of immature sporangium,which was related to formation of capillitia and spores;columella of P.globuliferum exhibited difference from stipe in form and dyeing;prophase phaneroplasmodium of P.melleum was pale-red,the quantity nuclei were visual by using safranin-fast green,and peridium and columella were green,spores were celadon;phanero plasmodia of P.globuliferum were green,the thicker peridium was visual at primary stage,columella was green.Both plasmodia were grey,peridia were illegible,mature spores were wrinkled by using iron alum-hematoxylin.


Samples consisting of electrically isolated titanium lines fabricated on a titanium surface were used to quantify voltage-induced contrast effects in photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). Induced contrast effects were observed to extend 6 µm for a -5 V bias applied to a 303 nm tall raised line. We therefore explored, via numerical calculation, the spatial extent of the perturbation to the PEEM accelerating field caused by the bias applied across the step height. The intensity full width at half minimum agreed well with the calculated width defined by the 10% level of lateral field strength. For a line 550 nm tall, a correspondence was found for a calculated width defined by a 5% lateral field strength. It was observed that neighboring structures a few µm away affected the image contrast, for sufficiently strong applied bias. This suggests that effects can easily be induced at distances of 0.5 µm for modest applied voltages, as has been previously observed for structures buried under oxide layers 0.5 µm thick [1].


The methodological framework is complex, and because of the way the paper is structured, some parts of the method are under the Section 4 (Application) instead of Section 3 (Methods). As a general comment, I would recommend a slight review of the current structure of the manuscript, trying to wrap all methodological information in section 3, leaving sections 4 and 5 to purely present results. A methodological chart might also help in such a complex study.


In order to show that liquid-crystallinity is a general property of comb like polymers with polyvinylic main chains and lipopeptidic side chains we have synthesized comb like polymers with polystyrene main chains and liposarcosine side chains by polymerization of styryl-liposarcosine macromonomers


Companies operating in the oil and gas (O&G) sector face several challenges, mainly those
operating in the area of exploration and production. To compete in this industry it is necessary
to invest in research and technology efficiently. It is also important to generate innovation
capabilities in order to develop novelties or improvements in the production environment
because oil exploration companies develop technologies to discover oil wells in an
economically viable way. This thesis aimed to analyze the innovation capabilities of oil and
gas companies identified as the most efficient in the innovation process. In this way, the
research split into two stages: 1) Efficiency analysis and the variation over a period of time of
the oil and gas companies presented in the sample; 2) Analysis of the innovation capabilities
of the most efficient companies among the ones that most invested in R&D in the world. In
order to measure the efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis method was used and to
identify the efficiency evolution the Window Analysis and the Malmquist Index were used.
From the results of the first stage of the research it was studied the innovation capabilities of
the most efficient companies and companies that achieved efficiency progress according to
the analysis based on the Malmquist index It was used the content analysis method to study
the 7 innovation capabilities of these companies: technological capability, operational
capability, environmental capability, management capability, marketing capability, network
capability and adaptive capability. As a result, it was possible to identify that the management
capability was the most mentioned by all companies, followed by the operational capability
and the network capability. It was identified some relations among capabilities: the
technological capability of all the companies supports the operational capability, while in 5
companies, of the 6 most efficient, the network capability supports the technological
capability. These findings can be used in the organizations" strategic planning in order to
improve their respective performance, based on what the companies considered most efficient
have accomplished.


Knowing functional interferences between system components is imperative when developing safety critical systems. In this paper, we describe an approach for reliably detecting functional dependencies of software components to other system entities through supervised execution of software using the simulation techniques. Supervised execution enables monitoring of the internal state of system components and therefore permits the rapid detection of component behavior changes across simulation contexts. Credibility of results is achieved through collected test coverage metrics.


In L2 instruction and assessment, the application of research findings that adopt an integrative, psycholinguistic approach to explore the information-processing and speech-management facets of fluency seems necessary. This paper reports on a study that drew on Levelt's (1989, 1999) speaking-specific model to probe the problem-solving mechanisms (PSMs) of fluent and nonfluent L2 speakers through a speaking-oriented questionnaire and a series of output-related retrospective interviews. The fluent and nonfluent L2 speakers were identified using a newlydeveloped analytic fluency scale and the task-related speech samples of 200 participants. The results revealed that the fluent L2 speakers employed cognitive, linguistic, and interactional PSMs more frequently and with greater facility than the nonfluent participants particularly to compensate for deficits in their conceptual repertoire, bridge communication gaps, and negotiate the intended meaning with their interlocutors. Specifically, they efficiently reshaped the preverbal plan to avoid failure, adeptly employed a variety of fillers and hesitation devices to


Starting from recent ideas on the mechanism of corrosion the most important parameters - with respect to materials properties and water chemistry - of dezincation, pitting and intercrystalline corrosion of CuZn alloys are explained. Dezincation is increased if the alloy contains β-phase (duplex brass). Within certain limits of chloride and sulphate content dezincation of these materials can be prevented by an increased hydrogencarbonate concentration of the medium. At pure α-brass dezincation is preceded by local destruction of the natural protection layer. Intercrystalline corrosion occurs preferentially at α-brass if the material contains precipitations at the grain boundaries. Intercrystalline attack is favoured by higher temperatures, coarse-grained microstructure, higher contents of the alloying elements arsenic and phosphorus as well as from the water-side by ammonia and the activity of aeration elements.


Banded structure is a novel microstructure found in the high energy beam surface rapid solidification experiments in recent years. However, its growth mechanism is still not well understood. Laser rapid solidification experiments have been performed on Cu-Mn alloy to investigate its .microstructure evolution with growth rate. Both banded structure and planar front growth morphology have been clearly observed in laser molten pool. Based upon ex-perimental observations and theoretical analyses, the origin of the banding is elucidated. A study on the critical condi-tion of planar front growth demonstrates that M-S stability theory predicts this condition quite well.


In the present work, thermodynamic analysis of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is considered. Accordingly, a thermodynamic model is developed to understand performance of the cell at different operating conditions. The effect of operating parameters like working temperature, fuel utilization, current density, gas constituents etc. on the performance of the basic MCFC are studied to understand the behaviour of the cell. It is noticed that the cell voltage shows a strong dependence on the operating temperature. The actual cell voltage is less than the reversible cell voltage because of the losses occurs in a cell which is taken constant in the present analysis. Result shows that an operating temperature of 650 0 C offers an optimization for better performance and cell life.


This paper,based on electronic technology,circuit and systematic theory as well as signal analysis and processing,analyses the emitter circuit from the viewpoint of frequency domain and simulates time-domain analysis in PSPICE emitter circuit and S-domain analysis respectively.It points out the approximation of theoretical analysis and the reliability of experimental simulation.


SUMMARY A series of experiments is described which was designed to illustrate the fundamentals of the uptake, distribution and elimination of nitrous oxide in the context of out-patient anaesthesia. The experiments are grouped under three main headings: (1) Rebreathing experiments (Part I); (2) Non-rebreathing experiments (Part II); and (3) Experiments using the jerkin plethysmograph (Part II). More emphasis is placed upon the practical demonstration of the essential features of the subject than upon precision in measurement, but a comparison with a previous study of the uptake of nitrous oxide using pneumotachography is made (see Part II). The experiments indicate the influence of inspired gas mixture, pulmonary ventilation and cardiac output, upon the alveolar tension and the uptake of nitrous oxide: but they hint that there is more to the induction of anaesthesia than the uptake of anaesthetic and the rise in its arterial tension, and the contributions of cerebral perfusion and narcotic threshold are mentioned. They indicate a potential hazard of respiratory obstruction. They also demonstrate how redistribution of nitrous oxide may speed immediate recovery, yet delay elimination; and how elimination is also dependent upon total uptake.


Suicide terrorism and other operations that consume the killer's life employ beliefs and practices intended to reconcile the killer with his or her own death. This article reviews three episodes from Muslim history: the Assassins of Syria and Persia, juramentado in the Philippines, and Husayn's martyrdom at Karbala. Each of these episodes manifests a different symbolic stratagem: the neutralization of transition anxiety, the sacrificial fusion of murder and suicide, and the justifying projection of the past onto the present. [Keywords: suicide terrorism, Islam, Middle East, Iran, Philippines]


Synthesis of o-fenilazo-2-naphtol used as indicator in titration has been conducted in this research. The synthesis was carried out by coupling of diazonium chloride salt with 2-naphtol, and aniline. The product was characterized using spectroscopy techniques (IR, 1HNMR, and MS), while the pKHIn was determined using UV-vis spectrometer. The application of the product as indicator in titration was compared to methyl-orange. The synthesis gave a red crystal with 62.51 % yield. Infra red spectra analysis showed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as–OH, CH-aromatic, C=C, N=N, CN, CO, and a peak indicated substituents at ortho position. 1HNMR showed three separated peaks. Mass spectra gave molecular ion peak (M+) at m/z 248. The red crystal obtained melted at 128-131oC. Based on spectroscopy analysis and melting point, it can be concluded that the product was o-fenilazo-2-naphtol. The product had a pKHin of 3.16, therefore it can be used as indicator for acid-base titration which showed equivalent point at pH 5.


During the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE), two aircraft simultaneously measured the vertical distribution of air pollutants and meteorological parameters for a total of six two-week periods in the vicinity of various SURE air monitoring stations in the North East US. During all periods, the aircraft were based at least 200 km apart. In general, flights consisted of a set of three spirals between the surface (or minimum legal flight altitude) and 3000 m (10,000 ft) msl. One spiral was made 25 to 80 km upwind of the SURE station, one over the station, and one 25 to 80 km downwind of the station. In general, during each study period, each aircraft made one flight at night and another in midday, every other day for a total of six days. This volume contains a set of statistics for continuously recorded parameters for each flight. For each vertical spiral, statistics have been calculated separately for those data above and below 1500 m msl. For each pollutant parameter and spiral segment, the Mean Value (anti x), the Standard Deviation (S), and the coefficient of Variation (S/anti x) have been calculated. Summary statistics covering all spirals in a flight are also provided.