Abstract Design-build has been receiving much attention from both the profession and academia in recent years. However, there seems to be many differences in the way that the term is interpreted and applied. This paper reflects upon the results of a conference entitled "Designing/Building/Learning" that sought to explore the issues surrounding this topic through paper sessions, workshops, keynote addresses, and panel discussions. Hands-on approaches to pedagogy in the form of full-scale construction exercises have emerged in schools across the country, but these activities continue to resist theorizing. The Designing/Building/Learning Conference demonstrates this resistance, as well as the compelling role of design-build in education.


A high-speed and low-power current-mode sense amplifier for low-voltage and high-capacitance SRAM application is presented.This circuit availably eliminated the negative effect of plentiful bit-line parasitical capacitance by adding a pair of separate transistors among the cross-coupled inverters,which extensively improved the speed of the sense amplifier.Meanwhile the sense amplifier effectively saved the power consumption by optimizing the timing control circuit.Simulation results based on a SMIC 0.13μm digital technology verify that the sensing delay of the sense amplifier is only 0.344 ns and the power consumption is 102 μw at room temperature and 1.2V supply voltage.Compared with the listed literatures,the sensing delay of the proposed design has 9.47% and 31.2% improvement respectively and the power consumption has 64.8% and 63% improvement respectively.


Structural damage detection is a very important process for structural health monitoring.It is often converted into a constrained optimization problem in mathematics.In this paper,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(IPSO) algorithm is proposed for structural damage detection based on macro-economic control strategy,which aims to increase its convergence rate and thereby to obtain an acceptable solution of the premature convergence problem that is easy to occur in the later phase of the general PSO algorithm.The IPSO algorithm was empirically studied with a suite of four well-known benchmark functions,and further examined with both numerical simulations about single and multi-damage of a 2-story rigid frame and some experiments on a 3-story building model.The illustrated results show that the improved PSO algorithm is effective and applicable to the structural damage detection.


Immigrants in need of psychotherapy are often confronted with the fact that there is no psychotherapist available with whom they can proceed in a common language understood well by both. In some cases psychotherapy with communication intermediated by interpreters is offered. This study compares the outcome of 190 individual psychotherapies with refugees with post-traumatic disorders, half of them with the help of interpreters, the other half without. The results show that psychotherapies with the help of interpreters were as effective as those without, even though the psychosocial conditions (such as employment, training, foreign language proficiency and social network) for those patients who needed interpreters were tougher. We conclude that psychotherapy with the help of an interpreter should not be considered the poorer alternative.


As someone who has been thinking and working on biogeochemistry scaling for quite a while, I applaud the authors' willing to attack the problem of spatial upscaling. The authors applied a well-established theory to analyze how high-order microstructure would affect the emergent organic matter decomposition dynamics in soil under three assumed mathematical formulations. By analyzing several synthetic cases, they concluded that for non-linear formulations, the spatial mean equations generally fail to capture the true dynamics.


Economic development of a country restx heavily on the presence of entrepreneurs who are competent and qualified to run business. How should a businessman be described and developed? The paper tries to give a comprehensive decription of entrepreneurs including the necessity to have several qualificatios of a good entrepreneur.  At the end of the paper suggestions are made on how the knowledge , skills and attitude are implemented in practice.


The invention relates to a preparation method for high-temperature resistant lithium battery electrolyte and belongs to the technical field of electrolyte preparation. According to the method, lithium hydroxide, boric acid and phosphorus pentoxide are uniformly mixed and are compressed into a sheet; oxalic acid is heated to sublimate; the sheet is fumigated by the sublimated oxalic acid; then the sheet is placed in a drying oven for reaction, thereby obtaining crude electrolyte; impurities are removed through anhydrous acetonitrile; refined electrolyte is obtained through concentration and drying; through utilization of nano titanium dioxide as catalyst, chlorine is catalyzed to react with partial ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate under an UV-irradiation condition, thereby generating halides; and mixing is carried out to obtain the electrolyte. Through application of the high-temperature resistant lithium battery electrolyte prepared by the method, the service life of a lithium battery is prolonged; and 670-750 charge/discharge cycles can be achieved. When the lithium battery works in an environment with the temperature of 50-55 degrees centigrade, the electrode discharge capacity of the lithium battery reaches 220-240 mAh/g, and the lithium battery has relatively high thermal stability.


The article deals with the understanding of creative process from the point of view of the Eastern doctrines. The authors examine the ontological aspects of creativity (i.e. "emptiness", organicity, naturalness and non-purposefulness), appealing to the concepts of Buddhism, Zen Buddhism and Taoism along with the works of Western experts in art. The idea is advanced that the essence of creativity consists in the immersion in the fullness of existence (nirvana, Tao), which is revealed by means of the eternity-instant of artistic reality.


This article analyses the macroeconomic situations in China for the problems of GDP, Prices, Employment and Balance of Payment of the year 2003. The economic went quite well for the overall judgment, however, there still remain difficulties to be overcome in some particular places. As the servicing part for other sections, finance plays vital role in modern economics. Based on the viewpoint of Sustainable Development, this article presents some useful suggestions about finance improvement in China, which include; effective resource planning, safer finance running, successful finance revolution, professional finance services and credit constructions.


Current sources of information are essential if educators are to make effective use of computer‐assisted instruction. This article reviews a wide range of readily available resources. They include software and hardware evaluations, advances in current technology, research, an information hotline, and inventories of technological assistance available within each state to which local schools and individual teachers can turn. Without question, computer‐assisted instruction is here to stay; the promise of improved education represents a challenge to professionals to keep abreast of the best ways to use it productively.


Between our modern era of ubiquitous interactive computers and the early days of batch-fed scarce giants lies the minicomputing age. Minicomputers were cheap enough that you could risk letting nonspecialists touch them, and they transformed computing's place in the world. The champions of this era belonged to the Digital Equipment Corp.'s line of PDP computers, starting with the PDP-8 in 1965.


Despite the contributions of advanced technology to the global integration of financial practices and operations, there are inherent challenges in this development. To curb associated opportunist behaviors and fiduciary risks, governments formulate and apply a series of policies. This article examines the impact of the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA) as a regulatory framework on the capital structure of the listed automobile firms on the South African Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE). The study uses pooled time series data generated from the McGregor BFA Research Domain and applied correlation and regression analyses. The study examines the possible relationships that exist between the agitation posed by the Act to the multinational investors in the automotive industry, and the resulting swings in the capital structure of these firms over a period of fourteen years. The finding of the research suggests that the regulatory environment over the period under consideration significantly influenced the capital structure variables of the firms concerned. The impact of the distress ratio of these firms on their capital structure was equally significant in the analysis. Although regulatory instruments are critical to checkmating possible opportunistic behaviors of financial practitioners and investors, it may be suggested that these policies be carefully crafted and cautiously applied to avert the possibility of a self-defeat.


The limit set of a topological transformation group on generated by two generators is proved to be totally disconnected (or thin) and perfect if the conditions (i–v) are satisfied. A concrete application to a Doubly Periodic Riccati equation is given.


Nowadays, alcoholism becomes a more serious social problem, and we proposed a method to help doctors to detect the alcoholism patients. In our method, wavelet entropy (WE) was used to extract the features, support vector machine (SVM) was used classify the samples, and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize our classifier. In our method, the average sensitivity is 88.42±1.74%, the average specificity is 88.93±1.62%, and the average accuracy is 88.68±0.30%, which is better than the three state-of-the-art approaches: FA-PNN, HMI, and FRFT. Our method is effective in alcoholism detection and can help doctors to reduce the massive detection work.


Public should receive an easy, fast, accurate, and secured services in getting any licenses they need. In order to that, the purposes of this research are to understand how the issue of building permit process is done, reveal the meaning of the whole phenomenon according to the public and the Government, and to know the obstacles or problems faced by BPPTPM Cianjur in West Java as the unit in charge of licensing areas. This research applied descriptive study with qualitative approach. From the results of the analysis, it could be concluded that the quality of licensing which is measured through four (4) dimensions: easiness, speed of service, accuracy, and security had not been going well yet. It happened because of some factors such as: unsolid organizational structure, imbalances of human resources in both quantitative as well as qualitative, inadequate and out of date infrastructure and technology, and complicated procedure.Keywords : BPPTPM, IMB, Quality of ServiceDalam mengurus perizinan, publik seharusnya menerima pelayanan secara mudah, cepat, tepat, dan aman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana proses pelayanan perizinan mendirikan bangunan dilakukan dan mengungkap makna pelayanan menurut publik dan pemerintah dan mengetahui kendala atau permasalahan yang dihadapi BPPTPMKabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat sebagai penanggung jawab bidang perizinan.


The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women's economic outcomes worldwide. Women's jobs have been 1.8 times more vulnerable than men's jobs. In Iran, too, the closures and the pandemic have depressed women's already low economic participation rates by about 20 percent. This paper compares pre-COVID/end of 2019 with the end of 2020 Iranian labor market outcomes, using data from the Statistical Office of Iran. Since the sanctions environment remained unchanged between these two points in time, under the Rouhani government, one can deduct that the differences mainly resulted from the economic impact of the pandemic. Unfortunately, the data for 2021 has not yet been released.


Airborne sensor management is an important technical to improve sensors detection efficiency. This article proposed an algorithm based on targets threat evaluation to solve the airborne multi-sensory face to multi-target problem. The fuzzy optimization theory and analytic hierarchy process are used to evaluate the threat of multiple targets. The sensor management performance function is established according to target threat degree and detection precision, then the sensor management is completed according to the filtering algorithm and the optimization theory. Simulation results shown that the proposed algorithm makes the airborne sensor management more reasonable and provides a basis for commander's combat decision.


Three abnormal overpressure zoes with a planar top at different depths occur in the Ying'er Depression in the Eastern Jiuquan Basin. The distance and the temperature difference between them are about 1 000 m and 30℃, respectively. The studies of sedimentary history, nature of formation water, variation of geothermal gradient and examination of thin sections, and the relationship between lithologic section and formation pressure show that there are conditions for formation of abnormal overpressure zones in the Ying'er Depression. Aquathermal pressuring and the overlying sediment load are main factors forming the abnormal overpressure zones. The study indicates that most of oil and gas in the Ying'er Depression accumulated in reservoirs above or under the seals or in the top of the compartments.


Group classification of systems of two coupled nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation with a general diffusion matrix started in papers math-ph/0411027,, math-ph/0411028 is completed in present paper where all non-equivalent equations with triangular diffusion matrix are classified.
In addition, symmetries of diffusion systems with nilpotent diffusion matrix and additional first order derivative terms are described.


Isolated polypeptide having endoglucanase activity, selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least a degree of identity of 85% with the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4; (B) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under at least high stringency conditions with (i) the coding sequence for mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3, (ii) the cDNA sequence contained in the polypeptide coding sequence mature SEQ ID NO: 3, or (iii) a complementary strand full-length (i) or (ii) where high stringency is defined as hybridization in 5xSSPE and 50% formamide at 42 ° C and washing 15 min three times using 2x SSC, 0.2% SDS at least 65 ° C; and (c) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least a degree of identity of 85% with the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; and wherein the endoglucanase activity of the isolated polypeptide is at least 70% of the endoglucanase activity of the polypeptide described as SEQ ID NO. 4 determined using hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose and where 1 unit is defined as 1.0 micro mol of reducing sugars produced per minute at 50 ° C, pH 4.8.


Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have undergone profound political, economic, and social changes. As the countries' communist regimes ended, governments were faced with developing new health systems, financing these systems, and instituting reforms in the countries' existing mental health care systems. Yet, over a quarter of a century since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the transformation of mental health systems remains incomplete. As a World Health Organization (WHO) assessment writes, "Are mental health services moving forward in Central and Eastern Europe? Of course, a quick answer is either yes or no. Or, rather, the correct answer is both yes and no" (Saraceno and Saxena, 2005)…


. Let Γ( x ) be the gamma function in the real axis and α the maximal zero of Γ (cid:2) ( x ). We call the inverse function of Γ( x ) | ( α, ∞ ) the principal inverse and denote it by Γ − 1 ( x ). We show that Γ − 1 ( x ) has the holomorphic extension Γ − 1 ( z ) to C \ ( −∞ , Γ( α )], which maps the upper half-plane into itself, namely a Pick function, and that Γ(Γ − 1 ( z )) = z on C \ ( −∞ , Γ( α )] .


Bioadhesives have been widely utilized for sealing, immobilization, and adhesion of biological tissues and organs. Their use can be divided into two categories such as soft and hard tissues according to application parts. The former includes cyanoacrylate, fibrin glue, protein glue, polyurethane, ma...


PalabRas clave: ninez, comunidades indigenas, crianza, experiencias formativas, saberes. abstRact: In recent decades, anthropology in South America has focused on research related to children in different contexts. In our ethnographic research with children from indigenous com- munities, in both the lowlands and highlands of South America, we have paid special attention to the variety of social categories that define the different ways of being a boy and girl, so as to break away from the monolithic models traditionally used regarding childhood. The aim of this paper is to cover the first stage of life, demarcating their nominal references and their upbringing from the formative experiences in which children participate. In this way, we focus on the network of social relationships throughout childhood, placing special attention on language development, religion and play. The intersection of these three thematic interests allows us to consider the complexity of knowledge, along with the skills that come into play during child development.


The paper proposes a mixed integer programming model based on rough set to evaluate the students' grade with the interactive teaching records. Firstly, data preprocessing is performed by multiple imputation and correlation analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) to dispose data. Secondly, a mixed integer programming model based on rough set is established. Then this paper makes the comparison with the K-means clustering analysis method based on rough set. The empirical research result shows proposed model is feasible.


In this invited paper we describe a competition that aims to engage a wide section of society in the exploration of the future nature of technology. In particular the competition will examine one of the most controversial aspects of Artificial Intelligence, specifically the concept of freewill. What is freewill? Can machines achieve it? What are the consequences for society should that happen? These are just some of the tantalising questions that flow from such a vision. For this competition, we roll back to a more basic stage and explore the basic issues of trying to construct a robot controller that displays behaviour that is analogous to freewill. We do this by offering a set of online tools that enable participants in the competition to create a bespoke controller for a simulated robot "Jimmy"; a waiter working in a futuristic bar set in a virtual world. This paper explains the motivation, design, implementation and rules for this competition


The need for qualified decisions in business environment creates demands for the use of mathematical and statistical methods to assist the decisional process. In this context, this article aims to test the applicability of the method of Monte Carlo simulation to predict changes in production costs in a post-privatization period. To perform the experiment Companhia Vale do Rio Doce - CVRD was chosen, considering its privatization that occurred in 1997. The analyzed variables data were extracted from published financial statements between 1990 and 2004. Production costs (CPV) are simulated in two applications of the method: an application that ignores the effects of privatization and implementation that considers the period after privatization, the reduction of variable costs and the income operating increase. In a privatization process, these effects are expected and were estimated by linear regressions in a previous study by Lustosa and Oliveira (2007). To verify the predictive ability of the method comparative analysis are performed, using statistical tests of means between the real samples and the post-privatization period simulated samples. The results show the suitability of the method in predicting the production costs and consequently assisting the decisional process.


The purpose of this paper is to show the results of a harmonic study in combined onshore and offshore power system to study the effect of cable connection the two systems made for concession for Burullus Gas Company in Egypt. Electric power distribution has two parts onshore and offshore. The link between them is a combined Power and Communication Umbilical (PCU) cable. The distance between the onshore field and the offshore platform is approximately 60,500 meters. Harmonic producing loads apply in both the onshore and offshore parts of the system. The largest harmonic producing load will be the soft starter for 240-KM-3550 Flash Gas Compressor. The connection of a substantial amount of capacitance in the form of the sub sea cable plus additional generation. The overall effect of connecting the PCU appears to be beneficial. THD values in the onshore system are reduced considerably and the emphasis of the 49th harmonic removed. The same comparison can be made with the Soft Starter By acting as a sink for the 5th harmonic, the connection of the PCU has reduced onshore distortion levels to around half of the values without the PCU. The studies use the harmonic analysis module (HiWave) of the PTW software version188.8.131.52.


Generating electricity from waste heat by means of thermoelectric generators may represent a very interestingopportunity to significantly reduce the impact of road transportation. In this context, HigherManganese Silicide (HMS) based alloys are studied as p-type semiconductors to achieve a sustainablescale-up of this technology. Through a strategy coupling metallurgy and solid state chemistry, thiswork revisits the knowledge on HMS and reveals the relationship between the phases, the microstructureand the manufacturing process. This systematic study has lead to the establishment of designguidance to maximize the performance and thus, to a new synthesis route. In addition, the productionof grain oriented and highly pure HMS materials evidences the isotropy of the transport properties ofHMS. Finally, this study suggests a relationship between grain boundary texture and segregation indoped-HMS, opening new directions for enhancing thermoelectric properties.


In this study, local scour around two vertical submerged circular piles installed on a sandy bed was investigated through numerical simulations. A three-dimensional finite element numerical model was established for simulating local scour around submerged cylinders. The Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes equations are coupled with the bed morphological model to simulate the scour process. Both suspended load and bed load sediment transport rates are taken into account in the model. Efforts are made to reduce the computational time associated with parallel computing techniques. Scour around a submerged wall mounted vertical circular cylinder is simulated and the numerical results are validated against the test data. The scour depth at the upstream side of the upstream pile is found to increase with the gap ratio between the two piles. The scour mechanism around two submerged piles is investigated using the present numerical model.


Utilizing MOD13Q1-NDVI data from 2000 to 2014, vegetation change in a 50 km buffer area around the Huitengliang wind farm, Inner Mongolia, was analyzed. Combining meteorological data in this analysis, the impact of wind direction on vegetation growth was discussed. Compared with the construction phase (2000-2008), the operation phase (2008-2014) has a more obvious impact on the growth of vegetation. However, the results showed that vegetation impact was uneven: (1) a zone 30-40 km from the center of the wind farm, on the windward side, is likely to be the area of greatest vegetation impact from the wind farm; (2) the proportion of vegetation restoration in the windward/leeward areas, especially in the windward area, is much higher than in the buffer or farm areas; (3) within the wind farm area, the wind farm is not conducive to vegetation growth, while it is helpful to vegetation growth in windward/leeward area.


Abstract The growing number of tertiary colleges presents careers education and guidance with challenges different from and additional to those of secondary schools, sixth-form colleges and further education. This article describes and analyses how one tertiary college, founded four years ago, has responded to these challenges. The background to the setting up of the college, and of careers education and guidance within it, is described and some areas of difficulty and ambiguity are identified. The emergence of principles (comprehensiveness, time-tabling, timing, identification of need, and curriculum negotiation) underlying the organisation of careers education is documented. Four types of careers course (Introductory, Exploratory, Focusing and Practical Guidance) are described and examples of how they are used are given. Particular attention is drawn to the innovatory use of 'Careers Workshops'.


Subject-matter lessons taught to English as a second language learners in several school levels were transcribed and analyzed. Characteristics of the teachers' speech when elaborating vocabulary were isolated and described, with a view to determining which characteristics would be helpful and which harmful to the students' comprehension and acquisition of vocabulary. It is seen that a major problem for the student may lie in the teacher's overelab-oration of vocabulary meanings through increased redundancy; the non-native listener may find it difficult to decode the exact message, because he cannot discern whether the same information has been provided redundantly or whether new information has been supplied.


This paper deals with the impact analysis of determinants to knowledge management performance under the THINKFAIR (KMS brand name) of the Korea Fair Trade Commission along with the epistemology discourse of knowledge management. The model of twelve hypotheses is specified and tested through exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and partial confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) by using the SEM with AMOS. The determinants of knowledge management performance are organizational leadership, organizational competency, organizational culture, KMS network, and innovation management & maintenance activity. The findings show that those five independent variables are positively related to the performance of knowledge management in the total effect. First of all, organizational leadership and innovation management & maintenance activity of KMS are the most powerful factors of the determinants on the performance of knowledge management. Also, KMS network affects positively the performance of knowledge management. Organizational culture affects indirectly the performance of knowledge management via innovation management & maintenance activity and KMS network and shows a positive relation in the total effect. Finally, organizational competency shows a positive relation in the total effect via innovation management & maintenance activity and KMS network, while it affects negatively the performance of knowledge management. The major policy implications are to govern the five determinants of KMS in a configurational way and to develop the rational policy evaluation indicators of governmental knowledge administration along with the continuous epistemology discourse of knowledge management.


The Chongqing rural talent plan started in 2008 with the purpose to delivery all kinds of talentsto the grass roots level. In the past five years,It has made gratifying achievements, but because of lack of along-term mechanism, there are also some shortcomings. Knowing and understanding the plan's achievementsand problems will help the government, schools, and society develop scientific and reasonable talent planningand provide theoretical guidance to improve personnel training mode.


After a decade of data misuse scandals involving public and private data collectors, the EU enacted its General Data Protection Regulation, which will dramatically change data collection and use practices worldwide. The poorly-thought out provisions of the GDPR, however, are certain to raise transaction costs for users, service providers and governments alike, costs that are unlikely to be offset by benefits. The Internet's grand bargain -- the friction-free exchange of information for subsidized content and services -- may be coming to an end, which may or may not have been the EU's intention.


Al_2O_3/Ti-Al composites were prepared by in-situ process using Al-Ti system oxidized partly to produce Al_2O_3 and Ti-Al intermetallics. The high temperature oxidation resistance was studied, it is shown that with the increase of Al content and sintering temperature, the oxidation resistance increases. By using XRD and SEM ,the component and microstructures were analyzed, affection mechanism was also discussed.


After a short survey of the genesis of the ideas behind "functional reasoning" in mathematics education at the beginning of the 20th century, the development and implementation of these ideas in both parts of Germany and in Hungary in the second half of the 20th century are discussed and compared. The ideas of Felix Klein had a strong influence in both countries. However, from the 1950's to the 1970's (the period of "New Math") an attempt was made to teach functions and mappings in a more abstract sense, involving both elementary (real-valued) functions and geometric transformations. In the 1970's and 1980's there were lots of discussions about the notion and notation of functions. Finally, dynamic aspects of functions – one of the main ideas of the reforms at the beginning of the 20th century – came into focus again in the 1980's and remained essential to this day.


Growth and Cucumber Yield of Three Different Varieties on Selected Hydroponic Medium ABSTRACT . The subjective of this study were to investigate several varieties and medium on the growth and the yield of cucumber. The research was conducted at the screen house Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University Darussalam – Banda Aceh from August to December 2008. Randomized completely block design with two factors was used on this experiment using three replications. The first factor was medium for hydroponic (i.e. sand, rice chaff charcoal, and sawdust), and the second factor was cucumber variety (i.e. Dinasty, Baby, and Venus). Each of unit experiment used 2 plants, and meaning that we used 54 plants for this experiment. The result showed that he medium significantly influenced the cucumber weight per plant, influenced the stem diameter on 45 days after planting (DAP), but not for other parameters (i.e. the plant height on 15, 30 and 45 DAP ; the stem diameters on 15 and 30 DAP ; the fruit length ; the fruit diameter and the amount of fruit per plant). The variety significantly influenced the fruit length and the cucumber weight per plant, however the variety not significantly influenced other parameters (i.e. the plant height on 15, 30, and 45 DAP; the stem diameter on 15, 30, and 45 DAP; the amount of fruit per plant; and the fruit diameter). We found that the interaction between the medium and the variety occurred on the cucumber weight per plant.


This study analyzed the relationship between self-care in subjects who received a blood transfusion in a university hospital with their sociodemographic and health conditions. A descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach was carried out in the Transfusion Ambulatory sector of the University Hospital in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro from July to November of 2014 with a sample size of 12 patients. Data were collected through a questionnaire of semi-structured questions; content analysis was based on the thematic approach. Sociodemographic data from subjects who received a blood transfusion were evaluated with respect to the education they received regarding self-care at home as well as their emotional balance in facing the health-disease process and their perspective on their quality of life. Educating subjects who receive blood transfusions requires that the medical professionals have an understanding of their patient's socioeconomic and cultural condition. This information will contribute to a better understanding of self-care when blood transfusion is necessary.


This paper presents a new control structure for the series active filters. In this controlling structure, resonant controllers are used in order to eliminate harmonics and voltage flicker. The presented control circuit has the property of selective harmonics elimination and voltage flicker. Via this feature it is possible to separate selected harmonics in the point of common coupling voltage and then eliminate them by making reference voltage. The unique capability of this series active filter is the elimination of voltage flicker in the point of common coupling. It has been created by using the resonant controller. The series active filter is simulated in a typical network and the results shows that this filter reduces the harmonics and eliminates voltage flicker.


The paper shows how William Barber's background as a development economist influenced his research agenda in the history of economic thought, in terms of the questions he asked and the way he approached them. The links between the history of economic theory and of policy-making are highlighted, as well as Barber's investigation of the engagement of British economists with India's economic matters throughout the time span of the British East India Company.


Link prediction is an important task attractingmuch attention in the field of complex network, and it can be applied to many real-world scenarios such as recommendation engines, protein-protein interactions prediction, and stock index prediction. Recently, network embedding, which learns low-dimension latent representations of vertexes, has attracted considerable research efforts. It provides a new feasible solution to boost the accuracy of link prediction by preserving the rich structure information of the network. Most existing methods for network embedding depend exclusively on the perspective of nodes, but seldom focus on the perspective of links. In practice, different perspectives of network can bring us different information. As our empirical analysis shows, random walking from node perspective and link perspective of network could bring us different node sampling results, which may mean different partitions of communities. Thus, we designed a new network embedding approach for link prediction which incorporates the perspectives of both nodes and links. The aim of our method is to supplement the structure information from the perspective of links by using line graph, which improve the validity of nodes representations for link prediction. We compare our method with other popular approaches on four real-world networks and the experiment results demonstrate that our method improves performance in three link tasks.


This paper formulates and solves the stability robustness problem for a class of gradient play cooperative differential games with coalition structures allowing for partial participation and symmetric contracts. We show that when the fully cooperative grand coalition generates stable dynamics, then all other coalition structures are stable. This stability guarantee is important in designing localized cooperative dynamics satisfying global objectives in large-scale distributed systems.


This introduction is intended as a reminder that mass print stories deserve to be examined without conforming to the dogmatic critical postures inherited from the School of Frankfurt, nevertheless without underestimating the significance of storytelling. The six studies gathered show that the assumption of media culture establishes a new, symbolic, narrative public space, the long history of that, trapped in its metamorphoses and cracks, is yet to be written. Journalistic narrative, whatever its information or entertainment dosage, reveals a laboratory of moral judgment, which discards the misleading opposition between narrative and argumentation. The outline of a "discourse ethics" finally emerges as well as renewed questionings as to media polyphony and as to the ambiguities of serial writing and satire.


This paper presents a representation of Type-2 fuzzy sets based on α-cuts and α-planes. Both representations can be used in different problems without loss of generality, so we show a complementary way to combine both of them in order to make computation of fuzzy functions easier. Some concluding remarks and recommendations are given for real applications.


As the driver of the whole globalization,The transnational corporations have already brought not only positive influence to the politics, economy and society of developing countries,and to some extent they even become one kind mark of social stability,but also some unavoidable negative effects.The social stable angle is followed in this text,which has inquired into the influence to the developing country especially China should hold tactics of both winning in the opening and enlarge risk consciousness;at the same time advocate the transnational corporations undertake the bigger social duty;


In this paper, we propose new scheduling algorithms to improve the performance of the code division multiple access (CDMA) enabled next generation ethernet passive optical networks (NG-EPON). The original dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme based on a round robin scheduling algorithm was originally proposed for the first generation CDMA based EPON where the network throughput and delay requirements per optical network unit (ONU) are relatively moderate. On the other hand, in the NG-EPON standard, the network capacity is increased up to 100 Gb/s and stringent requirements are applied to the packet delay. For this reason, in this work, we propose new scheduling algorithms for NG-EPON to assign a grant size on each upstream CDMA code in order to guarantee the newly required network throughput and delay performance. The first DBA algorithm is the first in first out (FIFO) algorithm in which the ONU requests are ordered in terms of their request arrival time. The second scheme is the reservation pattern (RP) algorithm in which each ONU starts transmitting its queue content in its reserved pattern of subcycles following a pre-defined pattern. The performances of the newly proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared. Results show that both newly proposed scheduling schemes can significantly improve the network performance in terms of the packet delay, jitter, and throughput. In addition, the results are compared to many dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation (DWBA) algorithms. The results show that the performances are comparable and that CDMA can be a good alternative for WDM for multi-channels based NG-EPON.


Nominal composition is one of the procedures used by languages to form new words around a name has been considered from different linguistic branches. The present article is an intent to understand the morphological, syntactical, semantical, lexicological and terminological approaches of nominal compounds constructions and the terms used by each linguistics branch to address them.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a processing method and a processing device of network attack. The method includes: after determining the attacked target, searching the recorded attach accident corresponding to the attacked target to determine the controlled host computer in the attack network; according to the recorded control accident researched by the controlled host computer and corresponding to the controlled host computer, determining the control host computer in the attack network; and determining the detected host computer which has the same communication with a plurality ofcontrol host computers as an attack operator. Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention further provides a processing device. The technical proposal provided by the embodiment of the inventioncan provide a whole network attack topology and find out the real attack organization controller.


New prudential regulations established for banks in Europe (directive 2013/36/UE - known also as CRD IV and regulation 575/2013 - CRR) do not take into account the specific legal situation of cooperative bank sectors in different countries in sufficient way. This situation is particularly uncom- fortable for sectors in those countries where associated cooperative banks are independent bodies with limited impact of associating bank on activity of associated banks. New prudential regulations oblige banks to change their internal structure and relationship. Additionally, the weaker economic results of cooperative banks in Poland in 2013 should be also an important driver of change. The main topic of the article is the presentation of different forms of possible institutional transformation in the Polish sector of cooperative banks and the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each form of coopera- tion. The main solution can be an integrated model with weaker forms of cooperation or setting up the Institutional Protection Scheme model. Each of them generates important consequences for cooperative banks and for the associating bank. The biggest cooperative banks have also the third possibility - to act as fully independent institution, outside association with any bank. It is difficult to indicate one best solution for all banks, because the economic situation of banks is different and all national regulation concerning cooperative banks is not yet adopted.


This study deals with the singularly perturbed
initial value problems for a quasilinear first-order integrodifferential
equations with delay. A numerical method is
generated on a grid that is constructed adaptively from a
knowledge of the exact solution, which involves appropriate
piecewise-uniform mesh on each time subinterval. An error
analysis shows that the discrete solutions are uniformly
convergent with respect to the perturbation parameter. The
parameter uniform convergence is confirmed by numerical
computations.


The organisational transition from products to engineering services requires manufacturers to enable various changes at the organisational and individual level. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the individual level of servitization starting from understanding different strategic stages of transition. Based on an initial theoretical review of the literature on servitization, service operations and organisational psychology, we propose a conceptual framework that details organisational transition stages and the employee-related aspects. This framework contributes to the servitization literature by proposing a different approach of the transition. Starting from the specific of each stage of transition, we identified the aspects that require employees' implication and proposed insights for their side of the transition. Providing an employee perspective of the transition could facilitate the overall transition by enabling managers to identify those aspects that require their attention and develop suitable strategies. The framework further facilitates managers to understand the employee-related aspects and consequently include them in their decision-making.


A few years ago, British women were informed that the use of the contraceptive pill leads to a 2-fold increase in the risk of thromboembolism. Many stopped taking the pill, which resulted in unwanted pregnancies and abortions. If the official statement had instead been that the pill increases the risk from 1 to 2 in 14,000 women, few women would have been scared. Life and death can depend on how information is framed.

Yet framing itself is not the problem—every piece of information communicated requires a form or frame. The problem is a larger, societal one: the lack of education in understanding uncertainties and risks, also known as innumeracy. For instance, Sheridan et al. in this issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine report that only 2% of patients could correctly answer three simple numeracy questions, and that nonwhites, females, and patients without college education misunderstood treatment benefits most.1 Our schools do not teach children the mathematics that will be most useful in their future lives: statistical thinking. Statistical thinking and the art of framing are also absent from most medical curricula and from continuing education offered to physicians. This omission is costly and irresponsible.

We could easily help patients, medical students, and physicians, turning their collective innumeracy into insight. Programs now exist that can achieve this goal with simple tools and in short time.2 The know-how is based on two sources: on empirical studies that show when framing has an effect, as in the excellent review by Moxey et al.3 (this volume), and, equally important, on theoretical knowledge of why framing has an effect. Here are a few examples of frames that can make a difference.

First, the use of single-event probabilities tends to confuse patients. Consider the case of a physician who used to inform his clients of Prozac's side effects by saying, "If you take Prozac, you have a 30% chance of a sexual problem." When the physician changed his way of communicating the risk by using the frequency statement "out of every 10 patients to whom I prescribe Prozac, 3 to 5 experience a sexual problem," his patients were less anxious and more willing to take Prozac. It turned out that many of them had originally understood that "something would go awry in 30% of my sexual encounters." For single-event versus frequency statements, the mechanism of framing is clear. A single-event probability, by definition, does not specify the reference class (30% of what?). The physician thought of his patients, but his patients thought of their own sexual encounters. The confusion can be avoided by consistently using frequency statements.

Second, there is strong empirical evidence that conditional probabilities (such as sensitivity and specificity) tend to confuse minds, specifically when one wants to infer the chances of having a disease after a positive test. The reason for the confusion again lies in the reference classes, which in this case are switched: the sensitivity refers to patients with disease, and specificity to patients without disease. This second form of confusion can be avoided by using natural frequencies.4

Third, relative risk reduction (RRR) tends to mislead patients into overestimating the benefits of therapies and consequently increases their willingness to consent (uninformed consent), compared to absolute risk reduction (AAR) and number needed to treat (NNT). Again, the reason has to do with the reference class. For instance, many health organizations inform women that "mammography screening reduces the risk of dying from breast cancer by 25%" (RRR). But 25% of what? A woman may assume that the percentage refers to women like herself who consider screening, and erroneously conclude that 25 of every 100 women who participate in screening are saved. In contrast, when one frames the benefit as "screening reduces the risk of dying from 4 to 3 in 1,000 women" (an ARR of 1 in 1,000), the reference class is made clear.

Thus, instead of these three frames that tend to confuse patients and physicians—conditional probabilities, single-event probabilities, and RRR—we can teach physicians to use frames that foster insight: frequency statements, natural frequencies, and absolute risks.2,4 Good hypotheses about why framing influences minds can assist in planning new studies and ordering the apparent chaos of positive and negative findings.

In contrast, Sheridan et al.1 report that RRR led to more correct answers by patients than did NNT and ARR. This surprising result may well be due to their unusual phrasing of ARR ("treatment A reduces the chance that you will develop disease Y by 10 per 1,000 persons"), which is a hybrid between a single-person and a frequency statement, and their equally awkward phrasing of NNT. I wager that a clearer statement of ARR and NNT will increase the understanding of the size of benefit (e.g., ARR: "participating in treatment A prevents 10 out of every 1,000 persons from getting disease Y"; NNT: "100 patients need to undergo treatment A in order to prevent 1 from getting disease Y"). Transparent wording is the essence of a frame that fosters insight.

Finally, there are positive frames ("you have an 80% chance of surviving surgery") versus negative frames ("you have a 20% chance of dying from surgery"). My hypothesis is that they have an effect if patients can reasonably assume that the physician's choice of frame conveys additional information, such as dynamic information. For instance, the positive frame can imply that surgery will increase the survival chance from 0% to 80%, whereas the negative frame suggests that surgery increases the chance of dying from 0% to 20%.

Understanding when and why framing has an effect is essential for informed consent and shared decision making. It is high time to enter this knowledge into the curricula of medical schools.


The Loess Plateau is considered one of the world's regions with severe soil erosion. Grasslands are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, accounting for approximately 40% of the total area. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle in this region. We compiled more than 1,000 measurements of plant biomass and SOC content derived from 223 field studies of grasslands on the Loess Plateau. Combined with meteorological factors (precipitation and air temperature) and the photosynthetically active radiation factor, the topsoil SOC contents of grasslands were predicted using the random forest (RF) regression algorithm. Predicted grassland SOC content (1.70–40.34 g kg−1) decreased from the southeast to the northwest of the Loess Plateau, with approximately 1/5 of the grassland exhibiting values lower than 4 g kg−1. Observed SOC content was positively correlated with observed plant biomass, and for predicted values, this correlation was strong in the desert steppe and the steppe desert of rocky mountains. Air temperature was the most important factor affecting SOC contents in the RF model. Moreover, the residual error of observations and predictions increased as the grazing intensity varied from none to very severe in the temperate desert steppe, and this RF model may not perform well in plains. The use of the RF model for SOC prediction in Loess Plateau grasslands provides a reference for C storage studies in arid and semi‐arid regions, and aboveground biomass and temperature should receive more attention due to increasing C sequestration.


The development characteristic of the "broom like faults" in the west segment of the central uplift zone in the Dongying Depression was discussed in this paper by calculating the growth coefficient of the faults.Our results show that the main faults and the subsidiaries of the "Broom like faults" are not synchronous according to their growth index.The subsidiary faults have their highest growth index in the 3rd Member of the Shahejie Formation of mid Eocene,while the main faults have that in the 2st Member of Shahejie Formation of late Eocene.There found no sand bodies formed in the fracture angle between the main faults and the subsidiary faults.The depocenter is not stable but migrate from the hanging wall of the subsidiary faults during mid Eocene to the hanging wall of the main faults during late Eocene.These characters are different from those of the real "broom like faults".In the case of the real "broom-like faults",main faults are formed synchronously with the subsidiaries,and the depocenter is rather stable and located in the fracture angle between the main fault and the subsidiary fault.Therefore,we call this kind of faults the "quasi-broom like faults".The genetic mechanism of the "quasi-broom like faults" and the influence of the activity of "quasi-broom like faults" on sedimentary patterns are probed in this paper.It is concluded that the "quasi-broom like faults" were the result of the joint action of the independent extensional tectonic system and the SN strike and strike-slip system in NE direction. The stage of Cenozoic faulting in the Jiyang Depression can be divided into two episodes according to the differences in tectonic stress fields.In the first episode during the early to mid Eocene,the Dongying Sag was under a N-S extensional tectonic stress field which caused the formation of E-W trending growth faults,while in the second episode during the late Eocene,the Dongying Sag was under the control of a NW-SE trending extensional tectonic stress field,which caused the formation of the NE-SW trending growth faults.The proper spatial combination of the E-W trending growth faults and the NE-SW trending growth faults due to the sinistral movement of the Tanlu Fault during the Eocene caused the "quasi-broom like faults" to take shape.The influences of the "quasi-broom like faults" on deposition pattern are far different from those of real broom like faults,so it is a must to pay much attention to the influence of "quasi-broom like faults" on sedimentation,in highly explorated basins,such as the Bohai Bay Basin.


While wireless sensors are increasingly adopted in various applications, the need of developing data reduction methods to alleviate data transmission rate issue between the sensors and the data interpretation unit becomes more urgent. This article presents a new data reduction method for sensors used in structural health monitoring application. Our goal is to achieve an effective data reduction capability while maintaining adequate power for damage detection. We propose to establish an explicit measure of damage detection capability for the features in the response signals and use this measure to select the subset of the features that balance between the degree of data reduction and the damage detection capability. We also explore a computationally efficient procedure searching for the best subset of the features. This new method is tested on experimentally obtained Lamb wave signals for beam damage detection. Performance comparisons with respect to the existing methods demonstrate the strength of the proposed method.


We present some numerical integrators for the solutions of ordinary differential equations, which posses points of singularity. The first integrator is used to start the process of integration until a point of singularity is reached then; the second integrator is called for the calculation so as to jump the point of singularity. Key word: singularity, ordinary differential equations, automatic switch, interpolant, subroutine.


We will provide the first explicit zero-density estimate for $\zeta$ of the form $N(\sigma,T)\le \mathcal{C}T^{B(1-\sigma)^{3/2}}(\log T)^C$. In particular, we improve $C$ to $10393/900=11.547\dots.$


ABSTRACT Co-effect of crystallization ambients (O2 and N2 mixed gas) and temperatures (600–800°C) on crystal structures and ferroelectric properties of the sol-gel deposited Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) films is studied in this work. As the annealing temperature increases, the films get full crystallization and show different orientation. The film annealed in N2 at 650°C is a-axis oriented, and get large Pr but bad fatigue property, which is caused by the charged oxygen vacancies in the films annealed in the oxygen-deficient ambients. The film annealed in 20% O2 at 750°C is random oriented and exhibits excellent ferroelectric properties in terms of the largest Pr value of 11.5 μC/cm2 and the lowest Ec value of 83.3 kV/cm under a voltage of 12 V. Moreover, the film shows good fatigue endurance after 109 switching cycles. The crystllization and growth of the BLT films are sensitive to annealing ambients and temperatures. Therefore, the appropriate annealing ambient and temperature can improve the properties of the ferroelectric films greatly.


The invention relates to a method for utilizing underflow sludge acid with a high solid phosphorus ratio. According to the method, underflow sludge acid with a mean value of solid phosphorus ratio of 0.33 produced by a diluted acid and concentrated sludge mixed acid filtering device in a wet phosphoric acid process is provided, and underflow sludge acid with a mean value of solid phosphorus ratio of 0.21 produced by a raffinate acid device in a wet phosphoric acid process is provided. The method comprises the following steps of proportioning the two underflow sludge acid to prepare mixed underflow sludge acid, wherein the solid phosphorus ratio of the mixed underflow sludge acid is controlled between 0.22 and 0.32, and then placing the mixed underflow sludge acid to a monoammonium phosphate device to produce monoammonium phosphate products. The method provided by the invention can be used for improving the total nutrient of the monoammonium phosphate finished product, and further can reduce the equipment scaling during the production.


In the article contains analysis of psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with problems and development, the scientific search for the establishment of such assistance, as well as the problem of training and retraining of the staff for such a system on the basis of formation of professional competence.


The relative importance of temporal envelope and fine structure in speech and music perception was investigated by Smith et al. [Nature (London) 416, 87–90 (2002)] using "auditory chimera" in which the envelope from one sound was paired with the fine structure of another. Smith et al. found that, when 4 to 16 frequency bands were used, recognition of English speech was dominated by the envelope, whereas recognition of melody was dominated by the fine structure. In the present study, Mandarin Chinese monosyllables were divided into 4, 8, or 16 frequency bands and the fine structure and envelope of one tone pattern were exchanged with those of another tone pattern of the same monosyllable. Five normal-hearing native Mandarin Chinese speakers completed a four-alternative forced-choice tone-identification task. In the vast majority of trials, subjects based their identification of the monosyllables on the fine structure rather than the envelope. Thus, the relative importance of envelope and fine structure for lexical-tone perception resembled that for melody recognition rather than that for English speech recognition. Delivering fine-structure information in cochlear implant stimulation could be particularly beneficial for lexical-tone perception.


The aim of the present literature study is to find the fundamental perspectives/models in the realm of supply chain management and to investigate whether they can be extended based on recent literature findings. The fundamental perspectives were found using a two-tier snowball collection method, including 1,287 articles. Using a critical rule set and customized multiplier values, three fundamental perspectives on supply chain management were found: (1) the structural perspective; (2) the relational perspective; and (3) the governance perspective. The original articles and the further developments in literature are discussed in this paper.


This paper proposes a new hybrid meta-heuristic method for profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) that considers units with nonlinear cost function. The proposed method aims at global optimization to carry out profit maximization under competitive environment. The objective of the traditional UC is to minimize operation-cost while satisfying the constraints. However, power system operation needs reformulate tasks that reflect the changes due to the deregulated power systems. As a result, GENCO is interested to determine generation scheduling from a standpoint of maximizing profit under competitive environment. The problem may be formulated as PBUC that corresponds to a nonlinear mixed-integer problem. It is hard to solve due to the complexity. In this paper, a new hybrid meta-heuristic method is proposed to solve PBUC. It makes use of improved TS-EPSO techniques that evaluates solutions with two layers of meta-heuristics. Layer 1 determines the on-off state of generators with Tabu Search (TS) while Layer 2 evaluates output of generators with the evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO). TS is very useful for solving a combinatorial optimization problem efficiently. EPSO has better performance in dealing with an optimization problem with continuous variables. In this paper, TS-EPSO is improved to give more accurate solutions with less CPU time. The proposed method determines a new load curve for maximizing the profit finally. The effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully applied to a sample system.


Abstract:This article argues that hair modification by Black males in Latin America is both a resistance and reinscription of white cultural hegemony. Using the films Pelo malo (2013), by Mariana Rondón, and La playa D.C. (2012), by Juan Andrés Arango García, I demonstrate how socially constructed notions of race and masculinity imposed on Black males are both reproduced and resisted as natural survival mechanisms. While Pelo malo's Junior is ultimately defeated by social expectations that subjugate Blackness, La playa D.C.'s Tomás triumphs in socially oppressive systems and becomes a barber through his hair. By evaluating the two films together, this article shows how hair for Black males can be both an object of oppression and a source of pride. In this examination, we see how Black males straddle an in-between existential reality that pushes against the one-dimensional subjectivity often imposed by hegemonic identity rhetoric. In the end, this analysis exposes how Black men use hair to dismantle racially imposed subjugations and masculinist definitions in order to decolonize toxic constructs of Blackness and manhood.


To determine the subjective experiences and the sources of discomfort for subjects undergoing 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations on a whole‐body 7 T system in a hospital setting


We develop a mixtures-of-experts (ME) approach to the multiclass classification where the predictors are univariate functions. It consists of a ME model in which both the gating network and the experts network are constructed upon multinomial logistic activation functions with functional inputs. We perform a regularized maximum likelihood estimation in which the coefficient functions enjoy interpretable sparsity constraints on targeted derivatives. We develop an EM-Lasso like algorithm to compute the regularized MLE and evaluate the proposed approach on simulated and real data.


A male neonate is born via vaginal delivery at 37 1/7 weeks' gestation to a healthy 30-year-old gravida 3, para 2 mother. The pregnancy had been complicated by polyhydramnios, severe fetal hydronephrosis, anti-Kell antibodies, and questionable fetal mega cisterna magna. Labor is induced secondary to worsening bilateral fetal hydronephrosis. The delivery is uncomplicated and Apgar scores are 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Initial physical examination findings are significant only for left-sided club foot, and the infant is admitted to the well-newborn nursery. State newborn screening is performed 24 hours after birth, results of which are normal.

There is no significant familial history of congenital neurologic or urologic abnormalities, and both previous children of these parents are healthy. Amniocentesis performed during this pregnancy secondary to the bilateral fetal hydronephrosis had revealed a normal fetal microarray.

The infant is admitted to the NICU 3 days after birth secondary to hypernatremia (150 mEq/L [150 mmol/L]) and severe (grade 4) bilateral hydronephrosis confirmed with postnatal ultrasonography. While in the NICU, the neonate is noted to have episodes of lateral eye deviation, bilateral arm and leg twitching, and episodes of apnea. Electrolytes (excluding hypernatremia), glucose, and cranial ultrasonography findings are normal. A sepsis evaluation is completed and the infant is treated for 48 hours with ampicillin, cefotaxime, and acyclovir until blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures return negative. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (EEG) findings are concerning for seizure activity and video EEG shows frequent multifocal epileptiform activity in both hemispheres indicative of abnormal cortical hyperexcitability, lowering the threshold for seizures. Following consultation with pediatric neurology he receives a loading dose of levetiracetam and maintenance therapy is initiated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals trace right occipital subarachnoid hemorrhage and trace infratentorial posterior fossa subdural hematoma thought to be secondary to birth trauma and …


0. Since the appearance of Fillmore's article "The Case for Case" (Fillmore, 1968), one approach to the locative-directional distinction has become reasonably well-known. An essentially similar approach had been advocated earlier in Kurylowicz, 1949, and Gruber, 1965. In the present article an alternative treatment is proposed. Section 1 suggests the need for recognizing the four 'deep' cases: 'locative', 'source', 'path', and 'goal'. The constructions in which they occur are referred to as 'spatial expressions'. Section 2 presents a classification of spatial expressions according to their internal complexity. Section 3 sketches the nature of the generative device capable of generating the various kinds of spatial expressions. The question of the surface realization of these spatial expressions is taken up in section 4. And finally, the present approach is briefly contrasted with that of Kurylowicz, Gruber, and Fillmore in section 5.


Phase I clinical trials raise ethical challenges, particularly the Phase I trials that involve a novel therapy being tested in humans for the first time, usually termed first-in-human (FIH) trials. The ethical appropriateness of clinical research requires having a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio and protecting patients from excessive risk, but both of these standards may be difficult to assess and to achieve in Phase I trials. There are no widely accepted standards for judgments concerning risk, benefit, and value in Phase I trials. Also the question of how to conceptualize and compute benefit has been a subject of ethical debate, particularly for Phase I trials where the likelihood of therapeutic benefit to participants is very slight. Specifically, should regulators and institutional review boards approve Phase I trials in the absence of likely benefit to participants when these subjects are being exposed to an uncertain and potentially high level of risk. Then there is the question as to how to communicate accurate and meaningful information about the uncertainty, risk of adverse events, and the very limited, if any, prospect of therapeutic benefit to potential trial participants in order to promote a meaningful informed consent process. That FIH trials involving highly novel agents often enroll participants with serious unmet needs further complicates the process. Very serious adverse reactions that occurred in the first-in-human trial of the monoclonal antipody TGN412 in Britain led to the issuing of several reports on first-in-human studies and the European Medicines Agency published a guideline on first-in-human trials shortly thereafter. In the past two years the (United States) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Investigational New Drug applications for three Phase I first-in-human clinical trials of candidate therapeutics derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Neither the FDA nor the National Institutes of Health have developed their own guidelines for the safety and ethics of first-in-human trials or guidelines for first-in-human trials with hESC derivatives. The analysis in this paper highlights the need for more focused attention to the ethical issues that first-in-human, trials raise. The paper proposes identifying prerequisites for beginning trials with a novel and potentially high-risk intervention. Preferably, there should be clear-cut guidelines and/or review by a central body.


Enhanced 9-1-1 (E9-1-1) Service is a public safety feature that allows customers to report an emergency or request emergency assistance by dialing the 3-digit telephone number "9-1-1." Emergency calls originated in this manner are then routed to the appropriate Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) based on the location from which the call was originated. In this paper, We reviews standards for E-911 services and consideration VoIP Architecture for E9-1-1 services and we consider architecture for automatic location acquisition for E9-1-1 service.


N-Phenylselenophthalimide can be used as an effective cyclizing reagent for certain alkenyl-substituted β-dicarbonyl compounds to give a number of polyfunctionalised products.


We propose an identification strategy for diversion based on win/loss data. First, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms and market shares in two periods for all firms are sufficient to identify the diversion ratios between the merging partners. Second, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms alone are sufficient for partial identification, and we construct a lower bound that provides a good approximation to the diversion ratio when switching costs are high. We demonstrate the performance of our method with numerical simulations and with an application to the Anthem/Cigna merger.


Cerro Corona in Peru began operations in mid-2008, which can be considered as a young operation where there are many operational challenges. External factors that represent a threat to the profitability of the operations are the variability and volatility of international prices of copper, gold and silver primarily. The necessity of working efficiently and effectively, referred directly to the continuous optimization of the process, which by definition corresponds to do something in the best way possible of given conditions, becoming an important tool to reduce costs and increase revenue the operation. Often, according to the mineralogical characteristics of the ore treated, we fall into the dilemma of prioritizing the grade or the recovery in the concentrate obtained. We can get optimizing technical so any of the two options however this is not necessarily reflected in the economic optimization of the process (maximize revenues and minimize costs). This paper seeks to leverage the automation and control equipment Online in the flotation area for to obtain mathematical, models which by using statistical evaluations, can become a tool to valorize economically real-time, the decisions taken on the operation (variation of the operational parameters like reagents dosage, pH, particle size, percent solids, cell level, evacuation velocity, etc.) as a result of the variation of the intrinsic characteristics of the ore fed ÍNDICE Pág. INTRODUCCIÓN 9 CAPITULO I: EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACION 1.1 Objetivo General 11 1.2 Objetivos Específicos 11 1.3 Justificación 11 1.3.1 Diagnostico del Proceso 12 184.108.40.206 Tonelaje Procesado 12 18.104.22.168 Leyes de Cabeza 15 22.214.171.124 Concentrado Producido 19 1.3.2 Análisis de Capacidad del Proceso 24 1.4 Identificación de Variables 28 1.5 Limitaciones de la Investigación 32 1.6 Descripción de la Concentradora 32 CAPITULO II: FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO 2.1 Introducción al Diseño estadístico de Experimentos 36 2.1.1. La importancia de planificar la experimentación 36 2.2 Introducción a la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta 37 2.3 Superficies de Respuesta Polinómicas 39 2.3.1 Modelos de Primer Orden 40 2.3.2 Modelos de Segundo Orden 41 2.4 Utilización de Variables Codificadas 42 2.5. Naturaleza Secuencial de la Metodología de Superficies de Respuesta 42 2.6 Método de Máxima Pendiente de Ascenso 43 2.7 Evolución Operativa del Proceso (EVOP) 44 2.8 Indicador de Significancia (P-valor) 45 CAPITULO III: METODOLOGÍA 3.1 Colección de Datos 47 3.2 Metodología 47 CAPITULO IV: PRESENTACIÓN Y DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 4.1 Modelo de Recuperación Rougher Cu 49 4.1.1 Ecuación para Recuperación Rougher de Cu, % 49 4.2 Modelo Para Recuperación Cleaner Cu, % 52 4.2.1 Ecuación para Recuperación Cleaner Cu, % 52 4.3 Modelo de Grado Concentrado Rougher Cu, % 54 4.3.1 Ecuación para Grado Concentrado Rougher Cu 55 4.4 Aplicaciones de Modelos Para Toma de Decisiones 57 4.5 Pronostico de la Variación de Los Ingresos 60 CONCLUSIONES 62 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 64 ANEXOS ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Pág. Figura 1.1 Grafico de variables de individuos para el tonelaje procesado. 14 Figura 1.2 Grafico de variables de individuos para él %Cu en la cabeza. 16 Figura 1.3 Grafico de variables de individuos para él %CuOx en la cabeza. 17 Figura 1.4 Grafico de variables de individuos para él Au (g/t) en la cabeza. 18 Figura 1.5 Grafico de variables de individuos para él %Cu en el concentrado. 20 Figura 1.6 Grafico de variables de individuos para la recuperación de Cu en el concentrado. 21 Figura 1.7 Grafico de variables de individuos para el Au (g/t) en el concentrado. 22 Figura 1.8 Grafico de variables de individuos para la recuperación de Au en el concentrado. 23 Figura 1.9 Análisis de Capacidad de Los Ingresos. 25 Figura 1.10 Informe de Desempeño del Proceso. 26 Figura 1.11 Informe Resumen. 27 Figura 1.12 Efectos sobre la Recuperación de Cobre. 29 Figura 1.13 Efectos sobre el grado de cobre del concentrado Rougher. 30 Figura 1.14 Efectos sobre la recuperación cleaner de cobre. 31 Figura 1.15 Ubicación Geográfica de Cerro Corona. 34 Figura 1.16 Diagrama de Flujo de la Concentradora y puntos de dosificación de reactivos. 35 Figura 4.1 Graficas de residuos para Recuperación Rougher. 50 Figura 4.2 Grafica comparativa entre el valor experimental y el ajustado. 51 Figura 4.3 Graficas de residuos para Recuperación Cleaner. 53 Figura 4.4 Grafica comparativa entre el valor experimental y el ajustado. 54 Figura 4.5 Graficas de residuos para Concentrado Rougher Cu. 56 Figura 4.6 Grafica comparativa entre el valor experimental y el ajustado. 56 Figura 4.7 Distribución de la variación de ingresos Según el modelo Obtenido. 61 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pág. Tabla 4.1 Resumen Análisis de varianza de Recuperación Rougher Cu 49 Tabla 4.2 Resumen variables de ecuación Recuperación Rougher 50 Tabla 4.3 Análisis de varianza de Recuperación Cleaner Cu 52 Tabla 4.4 Resumen variables de ecuación Recuperación Cleaner 52 Tabla 4.5 Resumen de Análisis de varianza de Concentrado Rougher Cu, % 54 Tabla 4.6 Resumen variables de ecuación Concentrado Rougher 55 Tabla 4.7 Simulación Disminuyendo tonelaje para mejorar P80. 58 Tabla 4.8 Simulación Aumentando pH de Flotación Rougher. 59 Tabla 4.9 Simulación Aumentando %Sólidos en la cabeza y regulando los colectores y espumante. 60


We study the multiserver queue with Poisson arrivals and identical independent servers with exponentially distributed service times. Customers arriving at the system are admitted or rejected according to a fixed threshold policy. Moreover, the system is subject to holding, waiting, and rejection costs. We give a closed-form expression for the average costs and the value function for this multiserver queue. The result will then be used in a single step of policy iteration in the model where a controller has to route to several finite-buffer queues with multiple servers. We numerically show that the improved policy has a close to optimal value.


From the 1880s to the 1920s, hunger artists - professional fasters - lived on the fringes of public spectacle and academic experiment. Agustí Nieto-Galan presents the history of this phenomenon as popular urban spectacle and subject of scientific study, showing how hunger artists acted as mediators between the human and the social body. Doctors, journalists, impresarios , artists, and others used them to reinforce their different philosophical views, scientific schools, political ideologies, cultural values, and professional interests. The hunger artists generated heated debates on objectivity and medical pluralism, and fierce struggles over authority, recognition, and prestige. Set on the fringes of the freak show culture of the nineteenth century and the scientific study of physiology laboratories, Nieto-Galan explores the story of the public exhibition of hunger, emaciated bodies, and their enormous impact on the public sphere of their time.


In this article, Ylva Powlett explores the theory and practice of occupational therapy and highlights how and why it uses activity and the role it plays in the rehabilitative process in an acquired brain injury unit.


In this paper we analyze the performance of configurable physically unclonable functions based on ring oscillators (CRO-PUFs) implemented in FPGA due to differences in detailed routing at LUT level. The different PUF configurations for a given set of ring oscillators are generated using programmable delay lines on the cells realizing the inverters, while only one LUT input is used for the propagation of the oscillations along the ring. This architecture is suitable for implementation in FPGA, so the experiments have been conducted on Xilinx's Zynq SoC.


Based on the theory and methods of power system, this paper combines five kinds of state characteristics of the power system operation and researches hierarchical network model which is suitable to the probabilistic risk assessment .More, with the lack of risk indicators of traditional power system in the operation of risk assessment, giving six reliable indicators including line overload, transformer overload, low voltage, voltage instability of power systems, lost load, cascading failures. In order to improve the accuracy of the operation of risk assessment, this paper proposes risk assessment method use with combination of state-space approach and analytic hierarchy process.


The Stenlille Gas Storage project, operated by Dansk Olie & Naturgas A/S was initiated in 1981 by shooting a seismic survey and the drilling of the first exploration well. In 1986 two additional wells were drilled, and in 1987 the next seismic survey was carried out. To further appraise the structure three observation wells were drilled in 1988. The interpretation and mapping of the new data confirmed the existence of the necessary storage volume, and it was decided to establish the gas storage.


The characteristics of induced dicarboximide fungicide-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea developed by post-cultures in the filtrates of the field resistant strains were investigated. Mycelial growth curves of these induced resistant strains were divided into three groups, which were rapid in both radial and non-radial growth, slowed down in growth transiently at about 4 days of inoculation followed by fast growth again, and poor in nonradial growth. Sporulation was scarcely observed on PSA, YGA and V8 agar media except for PSA media containing cucumber leaf (Cu-PSA). But by illuminating with BLB, it was stimulated on PSA media, but not on the other media. Pathogenicity to cucumber plants was examined by cucumber leaf disc method with the mycelia cultured on distilled water agar (WA), WA media containing glucose (GA) and GA containing inosine (IGA), respectively. Any induced resistant strain cultured on WA did not form lesion on cucumber leaf discs. Six strains cultured on GA formed non-spreading lesions (disease incidence rate; DIR=2.5-7.5%), and one strain formed spreading lesion (DIR=37.5%) on the discs. Six strains cultured on IGA formed non-spreading lesions (DIR=0-17.5%), and other ten strains formed spreading lesions (DIR>42.5%), in which four strains showed high pathogenicity (DIR=80-100%). These characteristics of the induced strains had been stable through consecutive subcultures, and were different from those of the original strains of B. cinerea.


Under the impact of the significant lack of precipitation explained by the supposable change in climate in Hungary and the anthropogenic factors begun in the second half of the 19th century, and culminated in the second half of the 20th century, an aridity process has started from the second half of the 1980s in the Hungarian Great Plain. The tendency to a moderate drought significantly grew in all seasons but the tendency to extraordinary droughts became stronger in spring and in autumn only. The regional distribution shows a bad condition mainly in the regions of Hungarian Great Plain. In international comparison, according to the definition of the UNO Agreement on struggle against desertification and drought, the total area of Hungary can be qualified as an "area overtaken by drought".


This communication describes the bionic preparation of a composite material in which fluorescent magnetite nanoparticles are included within the calcitic skeletal structure of the foraminifer Amphistrigina lessoni.


drama Mildred Pierce. Hayward demonstrates how little Nikita has in common with the femme fatale of film noir (apart from in one key sequence) and also how the film's ending 'contests traditional noir closure and offers new ways to conceive of the genre' (p. 92). The final chapter engages in an impassioned demolition of the US remake, anchored intriguingly once more by music — here a righteous anger at the misuse of Nina Simone on the soundtrack. Hayward's style matches Besson's very appropriately, since his action cinema (with glimpses of greater depth) is illuminated by her action writing (with perception and depth). At least in the first third of the book, she, like Besson, goes at speed. Too many detailed references or examples would slow her down. Theory is deliberately kept to a minimum, with just one brief use of Foucault and another of Deleuze. The result is a rapid, enthusiastic, and very accessible style, which makes this study an excellent starting point for students approaching the film for the first time. Appendices (filmography, credits, and so on) are included, although stills are not. Nor is there an index, but that is surely the publisher's decision not Hayward's, who adds meticulous set diagrams to this invigorating and lucid study.


This work presents a reflection on the result of the urban profile in which the city of Piripiri-PI has been configured in recent years through visual analysis of satellite images LANDSAT 5-TM and LANDSAT 8-OLI. The methodological procedures involved bibliographical, documentary and field research. As a result, it is observed that the city has as inducers of its urban expansion, housing complexes and popular subdivisions as a reflection of the national housing policies that have been in force in the last seven years, playing an important role in the socio-spatial configuration of the city.


Abstract:
Introduction: Physical symptoms associated with depression and common psychiatric disorders sometimes lead to the misdiagnosis of depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency distribution of different chief complaints in patients with major depressive disorder referring to psychiatric clinics according to their demographic characteristics and source of referral.
Method: The study was done on 246 depressed patients (191 females & 55 males) visited by three psychiatrists in Kerman. Patients' chief complaints, duration of presenting symptoms, their demographic characteristics and source of referral were recorded and data were analyzed by chi-square.
Results: Pain was more prevalent in women, while somatic complaints other than pain and psychiatric complaints were more prevalent in men. Higher educational level and age were significantly associated with higher rate of presenting psychiatric complaints (P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively). Marital status and duration of symptoms had no significant correlation with the type of somatic complaints. In patients with psychiatric complaints sources of referral were respectively patient's own referring, general practitioners and specialists other than psychiatrists (P<0.001). In patients with pain complaint sources of referral were respectively patient's own referring, specialists other than psychiatrists and general practitioners.
Conclusion: Somatic complaints are frequently present in depressed patients. Cultural differences in presenting complaints, stigma in referring to psychiatrists, general practitioners' and specialists' attitudes and knowledge toward psychiatric disorders affect appropriate and early diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Improving the knowledge of general practitioners about depressive disorders decreases mortality rate, social functioning disturbances, unnecessary expenses and the risk of unnecessary clinical procedures in these patients.

Keywords: Major depressive disorder, Chief compliant, Somatic compliant, Pain, Culture


One SkinPass Mill of 2030 CAL in Baosteel is equipped with six rolls.Its flatness control system includes work roll bending,intermediate roll bending and intermediate roll shifting.Both of the bending system and roll shifting system are controlled by servo valves according to its high speed and accuracy.The bending system applications during the coil production are described and some suggestions are given to improve the efficiency when shifting between positive bending and negative bending.The principle of the roll shifting system also obtained.


Significance Scientists have dreamt of nanomachines that can navigate in water, sense their environment, communicate, and respond. Various power sources and propulsion systems have been proposed but they lack speed, strength, and control. We introduce here a previously undefined paradigm for nanoactuation which is incredibly simple, but solves many problems. It is optically powered (although other modes are also possible), and potentially offers unusually large force/mass. This looks to be widely generalizable, because the actuating nanotransducers can be selectively bound to designated active sites. The concept can underpin a plethora of future designs and already we produce a dramatic optical response over large areas at high speed. Nanoactuators and nanomachines have long been sought after, but key bottlenecks remain. Forces at submicrometer scales are weak and slow, control is hard to achieve, and power cannot be reliably supplied. Despite the increasing complexity of nanodevices such as DNA origami and molecular machines, rapid mechanical operations are not yet possible. Here, we bind temperature-responsive polymers to charged Au nanoparticles, storing elastic energy that can be rapidly released under light control for repeatable isotropic nanoactuation. Optically heating above a critical temperature Tc = 32 °C using plasmonic absorption of an incident laser causes the coatings to expel water and collapse within a microsecond to the nanoscale, millions of times faster than the base polymer. This triggers a controllable number of nanoparticles to tightly bind in clusters. Surprisingly, by cooling below Tc their strong van der Waals attraction is overcome as the polymer expands, exerting nanoscale forces of several nN. This large force depends on van der Waals attractions between Au cores being very large in the collapsed polymer state, setting up a tightly compressed polymer spring which can be triggered into the inflated state. Our insights lead toward rational design of diverse colloidal nanomachines.


The present study adopts an interpretive and situated approach to observe and assess learners' problem solving using hypermedia. The evaluation is conducted in context by considering the use of Perseus in particular learning situations. The study reflects on the design and use of hypermedia learning systems from both the learners' and researcher's perspective. The characteristics of Perseus are discussed together with some design recommendations for future consideration. Drawing from the study, conclusions are set out that highlight some implications for designers. It should be noted that the list of suggested features is not meant to be either definitive or exhaustive. The list is indicative of which design considerations should be addressed to improve Perseus hypermedia learning systems in the future. The researcher hopes that the findings of the study can help designers develop and refine better intellectual tools with which to augment learners' performance.


Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and seasonal variation of AOT over Belsk, Poland, in the UV wavelength range (310–380 nm) have been analysed using results of measurements by Brewer spectrophotometer No. 064 and Cimel sunphotometer data for the 2002–2007 period. The comparison of AOT derived from direct Sun measurements by Brewer spectrophotometer in the 310–320 nm range and retrieved from Cimel measurements at longer wavelengths shows good correlation (R = 0.96), with overestimation of retrieved values compared to the measured ones by about 6%. Basing on aerosol microphysical properties taken from almucantar retrievals and Mie theory, optical properties of aerosol in the UV range has been calculated. Analysis of seasonal variation of AOT at Belsk reveals two maxima: in April and July–August. Analysis of back-trajectories in conjunction with analysis of fire maps from Fire Information For Resource Management System shows that these seasonal maxima are connected with seasonal biomass burning in Eastern and Southern Europe.


Research on English as a lingua franca (ELF) has evolved remarkably as a linguistic subdiscipline over the past two decades, gaining importance and popularity in an increasingly multilingual world. Pitzl's book enriches this line of research by exploring how one conventional part of English is vigorously adapted in intercultural communication. Based on the Vienna–Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE) data, it investigates linguistic creativity in the use of idiom and metaphor in spoken ELF. This monograph, given its wide-ranging data collection, valuable theoretical insights and formal-functional approaches, is a worthy addition to advancing studies of English as a global language. The book consists of a short introduction and eight chapters. Following the research background established in the Introduction, Chapter 1 brings in the two main issues addressed in this book: ELF and linguistic creativity. The author points out the 'hybrid' nature of ELF, and reveals its inherent variability as an original thrust for creativity to take place. A form-focused definition of linguistic creativity is then put forward to highlight the necessity of norms for conceptualizing creativity. The author makes a further distinction between norm-following and norm-transcending creativity. While the former refers to creative linguistic realizations that stay within the normative systems they originate from, the latter covers those that extend beyond the boundaries of existing norms and stretch current conventions (see also Pitzl, 2012). This distinction helps associate the topic of creativity with ELF. It is claimed that creativity, as an 'essential driving force of language change' (p. 38), offers a welcoming entry point into describing and analyzing the central characteristic of variation in ELF. Chapter 2 concretizes 'creativity in ELF' by focusing on idiom and metaphor. The author reviews relevant literature, and more impressively, coordinates metaphor and 'idiomatic creativity' (see Langlotz, 2006; Prodromou, 2007) with a number of innovative ideas. For instance, a synchronic-diachronic link is found between idiom and metaphor. As a shared linguistic resource, it is the semantic dimension of metaphor that serves to motivate various uses of idioms in ELF. Following this logic, the author delineates the core processes of dynamic idiom re-creation, formulating 're-metaphorization' as a principal mechanism to 're-awaken' dormant metaphors and 're-enliven' conventional idioms (p. 72). In order to synthesize the theoretical part, this chapter concludes with a framework for interpreting linguistic creativity in ELF idiom usage. Chapter 3 proceeds to the author's empirical investigation of creativity in ELF. It provides explicit descriptions of her research methodology and of VOICE. Concerning VOICE per se, focus is placed on those features that are rarely seen in non-ELF corpora, including the ethnographic dimension of data collection and the conversational details of the transcripts. The author specifies how she manually annotated the creative idioms and metaphors, so as to justify the 'qualitative' method that she adopted as a VOICE compiler. In concert with the book's interest in both a descriptive approach and one rooted in pragmatics, this chapter also stresses the importance of analyzing both creative linguistic forms and communicative functions in ELF. Chapters 4 to 7 constitute a VOICE-based qualitative study of creative idioms and metaphors in ELF. Each chapter, with a rich supply of data, pinpoints a specific aspect of analysis. Chapter 4 concentrates on the forms of creative idioms. Three distinctive types of idiom variation (i.e., lexical substitution, syntactic and morphosyntactic variation) are identified and illustrated with


The Cupboard Is Still Bare in Toledo A generation ago it would have been unthinkable: public schools closed in mid-year for lack of funds. Today, even in the rich heartland of America, such factors as inflation, outdated financing systems, and waning public confidence threaten hundreds of schools with bankruptcy. In the articles that follow, two respected journalists present case histories that typify the crisis.


The structures and power flow transferring route of MAXA automatic transmission is presented in this paper. The typical fault characteristic of MAXA automatic transmission is described also,and the cause of typical fault is analyzed. Some measures to avoid the typical fault are given. The experience in this case has some significance in trouble inspection of HONDA automatic transmission.


The present invention is LHRH-antagonist to lower sex hormone levels used in appropriate amounts, to make a difference in T- cell population of patients suffering from the disease (this time, the disease is preferred reaction to such changes is a disease that shows). Advantageous LHRH- antagonist is cetrorelix.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust 1 ) regimes in Europe and to analyse whether REITs can be successful investment vehicle on the European markets. REIT is an investment regime that provides an efficient solution for small investors to participate in commercial real estate markets, avoiding real estate disadvantages as part of an investment portfolio. It is possible that the REIT concept will developed in all EU member states introducing real estate companies and their investors with new opportunities. In this paper main features and challenges of REIT regimes will be discussed.


Last October Neil Kingston took up the challenge to gain Smartcane BMP accreditation for his farming operation at Cordalba, near the Isis Mill.


Objective:In order to obtain the strains of highly effective degrading crude oil,the biodegradation bacteria were enriched and isolated from crude oil contaminated soil.And the degradation rate were measured.Methods: Three predominant bacteria were obtained by enriched and isolated,and their number were SWH-1,SWH-2,SWH-3.Through the 16S rDNA sequence and NCBI database Blast analyzed,these bacteria were identified to strain.Their degradation rate were determined by weight method in the room rocker.Results:The three bacteria were identified as Bacillus subtillus,Sphingobacterium multivorum and Sphingobacterium thalpophilum respectively.The degrading experiment were taken one week with the cultuer medium contained 0.5g/L of crude oil,SWH-1 and SWH-2 had high degradation rate of 33.89% and 46.31%.The mixdegradation experiment wre carried on,and the degradation rate achieved 51.73%.Conclusion:These two bacteria had very good application potential on crude oil bioremedation.Therefore,Sphingobacterium multivorum was first reported on degrading crude oil.


The ubiquitous cases of abnormal transactions with intent to defraud is a global phenomenon. An architecture that enhances fraud detection using a radial basis function network was designed using a supervised data mining technique― radial basis function (RBF) network, interpolation approximation method. Several base models were thus created, and in turn used in aggregation to select the optimum model using the misclassification erro accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) metrics. The results shows model has a zero-tolerance for fraud with better especially in cases where there were no fraud doubtful cases were rather flagged than to allow a fraud incident to pass undetected. Expectedly, the model's computations converge faster at 200 iterations. generic with similar characteristics with other classification methods but distinct parameters thereby minimizing the time and cost of fraud detection by adopting computationally efficient algorithm.


- India has the second-largest "urbanization," or urban system, in the world. The conversion of rural areas into cities is known as urbanization. More planning is required to fulfil the demands of the population because of the unplanned, uncontrolled expansion that follows from this fast urbanization. In wealthier countries, however, the amount of urbanization has essentially stabilized due to improved infrastructure and a high standard of living. The developing world is advancing in the same manner and at the same rate as the developed world. This article assesses the provision of the water delivery system based on a case study of the Zone 1 (Dadri) Tarsadi area of Mangrol Taluka, Surat District. A random city-wide survey of residential households made up the dataset. The database needed to use the WaterGEMS programme for analysis must be built after the problems in the study field have been recognized. The study's final report makes a strong recommendation for planning measures to ensure sustainability as well as a planning proposal for municipal services to meet future demand.