Background: Sexual relation is an important and sensitive subject among human beings. A life domain that has received very little attention is patients' satisfaction with their sex life, also called sexual satisfaction. Physical illnesses and mental disorders affect sexual satisfaction. The aim of this project was to compare sexual satisfaction among psychiatric, internal medicine patients and healthy controls. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Statistical population consisted of all the patients who referred to the clinic during the spring of 2017 as psychiatric and internal medicine outpatients who were referred to Emam Reza and Motahari policlinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). 200 patients with psychiatric disorder, 200 patients with internal disease, and 200 healthy controls were selected using convenience sampling to participate in the study. They filled out demographic information questionnaire and Larson Sexual Satisfaction (LSS). Results: The groups differed significantly in variance analysis in terms of sexual satisfaction (F=29.27, P=0.001), compatibility (F=5.77, P=0.003), quality (F=23.79, P=0.001), and attitude (F=15.26, P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a lower rate of sexual satisfaction in the psychiatric patients compared to internal medicine patients and healthy controls. Please cite this article as: Mani A, Fattahi M, Rasekhi Kazerouni A, Khabir L. Comparison of Sexual Satisfaction among Psychiatric, Internal Medicine Female Patients and Healthy Controls. J Health Sci Surveillance Sys. 2018;6(1):16-22.


The invention relates to a solar grade crystal silicon slicing technique. The problem that existing solar grade crystal silicon slicing techniques are low in efficiency, high in cost and poor in benefit is mainly solved. The technique comprises the steps of (1) fixing, (2) slicing, (3) degumming, (4) slice loading, (5) cleaning, (6) spin-drying, (7) inspecting and (8) storing. Through the reasonable technique process of the solar grade crystal silicon slicing technique, the undesirable phenomena such as slice breaking, slick cracking, uneven thicknesses, stria slices and slices with broken corners in the slicing process of crystal silicon is well reduced; and due to the fact that improvement of a mortar formula is combined with factors such as rotation speed and feeding, secondary use of cutting lines can be achieved, the production cost is greatly lowered, the operation efficiency is improved, and the benefits are greatly improved.


The growing crisis in uncompensated health care poses one of the most serious threats facing the medical profession today. If left unresolved, it will not only erode the health of our society and lead to an erosion of the clinical autonomy of physicians, but it will also undermine the very principles on which our health care system has been built. In addition, it will lead to increased regulation of the practice of medicine, and, quite probably, to a government-controlled health care delivery system. To understand this threat, the challenge it poses, and our critical role in its resolution, we must first consider the evolution ofour American health care system. The health care system we enjoy in this country was founded on the principle of universal access, the idea that all Americans, regardless oftheir income, should have access to the health care system and to all the services it has to offer. We physicians were able to deliver on this social objective because ofour fee-for-service reimbursement system and the ability to cost shift. So when the poor came for treatment, the service was rendered, and the cost was merely shifted to someone who could pay, through an incremental increase in their bill or in their insurance premium. It is important to realize that this policy was no accident but was the result of conscious decisions in both the public and private sectors. In the public sector, the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1964 extended coverage to the poor and the elderly. At the same time, there was a rapid expansion of private health insurance policies funded primarily through employment. This rapid growth ofpublic and private third-party insurance coverage led to the belief that, in America, health care for the poor was free, when in fact it was being subsidized primarily by the government and by the business community. Thus, we created what we felt to be an ideal health care system. It was a system with no financial restraints, where individuals had access to as much health care as they needed or wanted regardless of their income. Physicians could practice pure medicine, viewing their patients primarily from the standpoint of their health needs without concerning themselves about their ability to pay. But this system also encouraged utilization and led to the deeply held social belief in this country that health care is a right. Not surprisingly, this resulted in a dramatic increase in expenditures. The amount we spend each year on health care has grown from $75 billion in 1980 to nearly $500 billion today. More telling, however, is the growth of health care expenditures as a percentage of the gross national product: 7.4 cents on the dollar in 1970 versus about 11 to 12 cents today. Ifthis rate of increase were to continue, by the turn of the century we would be spending 20% of the gross national product on health care and by about 2020, we would be spending 40 cents out of every dollar on health care. Obviously, this rate of increase is not going to continue. While our health care system makes a great deal of sense in terms of a social policy, it makes very little sense in terms of an economic policy. Even a beginning student of economics recognizes that no single set of expenditures can continually grow at a rate faster than the rate of growth of the gross national product. Every dollar we spend on health care is a dollar that cannot be spent on something else. There are many other interests and priorities in which this country must invest. 1 And while the prosperity we enjoyed over the past 20 years has allowed us to absorb these rapid increases in health care expenditures, it also masked the underlying fallacy of the way health care is financed in this country. By 1980 that mask had been stripped away when a number of factors combined to bring our ideal health care system into a collision with economic realities. First, new medical technologies were being developed and being used-at a tremendous cost-because the system contained no financial restraints. Second, there has been a significant increase in the elderly as a percentage ofthe population. The elderly use more health care services than the nonelderly and have a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Both advances in medical technology and an aging population have increased the financial strain on the system. Two additional factors forced those who had traditionally been subsidizing the cost of health care for the poor-the business community and the government-to reevaluate their ability to continue doing so. The first was the economic stagnation experienced in the United States at the beginning of this decade. While we could absorb the rapid increases in the cost of health care when the economy was growing, it was far more difficult to do so when productivity dropped. Our nation's annual productivity growth was a healthy 3 % in the 1960s and 1970s but fell to 0.5 % by 1979 and was actually negative in the early 1980s. The federal budget deficit increased from about $73 billion to $211 billion in five years, and we liquidated all our foreign assets to become the largest debtor nation in the world. By the early 1980s, the government recognized that it 711


For over three decades, the Radiometric Calibration Facility (RCF) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has maintained calibrated uniform radiance sources for use by the global remote sensing community. As part of a continuing effort to reduce measurement uncertainties while improving efficiency, the calibration transfer hardware and operational protocols are systematically examined, with improved equipment and techniques being incorporated. This paper describes the optical characterization and presents radiance measurements of a new spectroradiometer, the GSFC 750/Integrating Sphere Irradiance Collector (ISIC), using a new input optical system. The performance of the new input optical system is compared with the two previous input systems.


The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common site of thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Therefore, better knowledge of the morphology, physiology, and function of the LAA may provide a better estimate of stroke risk. The LAA morphology is currently classified into 4 categories: chicken-wing (CW), windsock, cauliflower, and cactus. Chicken-wing is the most common and carries lower risk. This classification system, however, lacks consistent inter-rater reliability and correlation with stroke risk.


Historical ecology is a research program. The idea of the research program in historical ecology is rooted in a materialist interpretation of the relationship between people and the environment. The materialism of historical ecology derives directly from its focus on physicality of inorganic features of Earth and the bodies of living things, which in turn, affects human society instantiated by what in historical ecology are called landscapes. Landscapes themselves are specifically culturally-...


The air flow field of the dual slot die on an HDF-6D melt blowing non-woven
 equipment is computed numerically. A temperature measurement system is built
 to measure air temperatures. The computation results tally with the measured
 results proving the correctness of the computation. The results have great
 valuable significance in the actual melt blowing production.


Program Number: 2532 Poster Board Number: A0122 Presentation Time: 8:30 AM–10:15 AM Effect of axonopathy on dynamics of acidic organelle in the axon of primary cultured retinal ganglion cells Seiji Miyake1, Yuji Takihara1, 2, Satoshi Yokota3, 1, Yoshihiro Takamura1, Masaru Inatani1. 1Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan; 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore; 3Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Purpose: Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and its axon. However, molecular details of relationship between cell death and axonal degeneration remain poorly understood. We investigate the implication of dynamics of autophagy for RGC death under the axonal abnormality using live imaging in vitro. Methods: RGCs were isolated from postnatal day 3 SpragueDawley rats by immunopanning method. After 7 days culture, acidic organelles were stained by LysoTracker. Dynamics were quantified from kymographs. To induce axonopathy, colchicine was used. Axonal transport of acidic organelles was observed at 5 time points: before, and at 6, 24, 72, and 120 hours after colchicine stimulation. Ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) was used to detect cell viability. Results: Property of axonal transport of 27 RGCs (n = 363) was classified into 4 categories; anterograde (1.4%), retrograde (90%), stationary (8.0%), and fluttering (0.28%). At 6 hours after induction of axonopathy for 14 (n = 236) of 27 RGCs, movement of almost acidic organelles were stationary. All acidic components were completely stopped 24 hours later. At 72 hours since giving stimulation, axonal fragmentation, and shrinking and disappearance of soma were observed in 71% of RGC. Finally, remaining RGCs were positive for EthD-1. In the control (13 of 27 RGCs), transport was kept for 120 hours and EthD-1 positive RGCs were not observed. Conclusions: RGC death followed by cease of axonal transport. These results suggested that functional disorder of autophagy through axonal damage is one of the causes of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Commercial Relationships: Seiji Miyake; Yuji Takihara, None; Satoshi Yokota, None; Yoshihiro Takamura, None; Masaru Inatani, None Support: MEXT 26893100 and 16K20311


Two cDNA clones covering the N‐ and C‐terminal portions of the EBV BXLFI open reading frame were selected from a cDNA library derived from P3HR1 cells. The two clones were ligated, the N‐terminal untranslated region truncated, and the product inserted into an E. coli expression vector, pET3CP°. The fusion protein was expressed under control of the T7 phage phi 10 gene promoter and shown to possess thymidine kinase activity. The protein was then used as an antigen to detect antibody reactivities in serum samples of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy blood donors. Using a 1 :400 dilution of serum samples in Western blot analyses, it was possible to differentiate the reactivities of serum IgA of NPC patients and healthy donors. The prevalence of positive reactivity to EBV TK in NPC was around 84%. The test was compared to others used for early diagnosis of NPC and was able to detect some patients who were negative in those tests. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract : This report describes SMU's involvement in preparations for the U.S. participation in the United Nations Conference on Disarmament ad hoc Group of Scientific Experts Technical Test 2 (GSETT2) global data exchange experiments, including planning for the USGSE network and progress in the development of the phase II seismic systems for use in the experiments. We also report on progress in the development of the next generation NORESS type array to be deployed in Europe, and describe normal operations of the Lajitas, Texas seismic station. The USGSE network consists of six seismic stations. Four locations in the continental US will be distributed National Data Centers. The NDC's will be located at Dallas, TX; LaJolla CA; Pinedale, WY; and Blacksburg, VA. NDC central will be located in Washington DC. For the past year, this research has been aimed at developing state of the art seismic data acquisition and processing equipment. The Phase II systems developed under this contract are designed to meet all the requirements of the GSE. Seismic arrays.


Conducting the functions of the Ministerial Conference in the interval between meetings pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement; Noting the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2) (the "Declaration") and, in particular, the instruction of the Ministerial Conference to the Council for TRIPS contained in paragraph 6 of the Declaration to find an expeditious solution to the problem of the difficulties that WTO Members with insufficient or no manufacturing capacities in the pharmaceutical sector could face in making effective use of compulsory licensing under the TRIPS Agreement and to report to the General Council before the end of 2002; Recognizing, where eligible importing Members seek to obtain supplies under the system set out in this Decision, the importance of a rapid response to those needs consistent with the provisions of this Decision; Noting that, in the light of the foregoing, exceptional circumstances exist justifying waivers from the obligations set out in paragraphs (f) and (h) of Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement with respect to pharmaceutical products; Decides as follows: 1. For the purposes of this Decision: (a) "pharmaceutical product" means any patented product, or product manufactured through a patented process, of the pharmaceutical sector needed to address the public health problems as recognized in paragraph 1 of the Declaration. It is understood that active ingredients necessary for its manufacture and diagnostic kits needed for its use would be included 1 ; * This Decision was adopted by the General Council in the light of a statement read out by the Chairman, which can be found in JOB(03)/177. This statement will be reproduced in the minutes of the General Council to be issued as WT/GC/M/82. 1 This subparagraph is without prejudice to subparagraph 1(b).


For detailed investigation of the relations between biological shock wave effects and the relevant shock wave parameters (compression, dilatation, fundamental frequency, pulse power, etc.) a variable shock wave source was built. It consists of an arbitrary function generator, a linear power amplifier, a pulse-compressing electrical network, a plane piezoceramic transducer and a focusing lens (polystyrene). Shock waves with compression up to 32 MPa and dilatation up to 10.5 MPa in the focus (water) can be generated using experimental systems with fundamental frequencies of 450 kHz and 750 kHz, respectively. The ratio of compression to dilatation is variable within a range of 5 dB, and it is possible to generate inverted shock waves, starting with a dilatation phase. Variation limits are mostly by the generation of cavitational bubbles in the focal region that seriously damp a main part of the signal.<<ETX>>


This paper presents the design and simulation of a novel MEMS device enabling the investigation of the strain engineering properties of 2D materials, like graphene. The novel MEMS device consists of a double set of opposed v-shaped thermal actuators, each provided with heat sink beams, and capacitive readout in order to electrically measure the displacement applied to the nanomaterial sample. The device was designed by means of both analytical modelling and finite element based multiphysics simulations. A displacement capacitive sensor was developed to measure the specimen deformation with high accuracy. The calculated sensitivity is 5.2 fF/nm, and the total stiffness of the device is 40253.6 N/m. The device structure was designed with a compact footprint in order to be compatible with other physical characterization instruments, such as electronic microscopy chambers.


Abstract:  Because of its low sensitivity, the conventional measurement method for endotoxin (ET) is not the most appropriate for monitoring the effect of ET adsorption therapy. Thus, the efficacy of ET adsorption therapy was investigated using a newly developed high‐sensitivity ET assay method. The changes in the cytokine production capacity of whole blood were also examined. We treated 24 peritonitis patients who had developed postoperative septic shock with ET adsorption therapy using a column of polymyxin B‐immobilized fibers (PMX) and their serum ET levels were measured using the high‐sensitivity ET assay based on the kinetic turbidimetric Limulus assay. In addition, the changes in the tumor necrosis factor‐(TNF‐α) production capacity of whole blood following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and clinical outcome in the study patients were also examined. The 28‐day mortality rate was 12%. PMX‐direct hemoperfusion (PMX‐DHP) was associated with elevation of the mean arterial pressure and urine output, reduction in the mean dose requirement of vasopressor agents, and recovery from the shock state in all the patients. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio also showed significant improvement. Using the high‐sensitivity ET assay, ET was detected in the blood of 20 out of the 24 patients (80%) before the PMX‐DHP, and a significant reduction in the ET level was noted after the PMX‐DHP. The TNF‐α production capacity of whole blood, which was found to be lower in the septic shock patients than in healthy subjects, was significantly increased after PMX‐DHP. Elimination of ET by PMX‐DHP in septic shock patients was confirmed by the high‐sensitivity ET assay. PMX‐DHP is thus considered to be a useful adjuvant therapeutic technique in the treatment of septic shock. Also, PMX‐DHP might alleviate the immunosuppression associated with severe sepsis.


In reference 1 a general analysis was presented for the calculation of thermal stresses and deflections due to temperature gradients in long rectangular plates having lengthwise edges supported elastically. The edge support was idealised as equivalent rotational and extensional stiffnesses depending on the elastic characteristics of the surrounding structure. The special case of infinite extensional stiffness and freely hinged edges (see Fig. 1) was discussed in greater detail and a number of graphs were included for the calculation of edge reactions in terms of the thermal force and thermal moment parameters. Since these graphs used an excessive number of non-dimensional parameters their practical application is unwieldy; four non-dimensional parameters were used instead of three parameters which would be sufficient to describe the required functional relationship. This note shows an alternative presentation of the results which can be used more conveniently in any design calculations.


Public Law 94-142 stresses the importance of parent involvement in formulating an Individualized Educational Program (IEP) for the special education student. Special education teachers and therapists work toward improving areas of delayed development, as outlined in the IEP. It is important, therefore, that parents understand their child's present level of performance in the various areas of development in order to participate actively in the planning process.

To facilitate parents' understanding of their child's functional level in each developmental area, I designed a profile graph that illustrates the present performance level relative to that normally expected at the child's chronological age (Fig. 1). The graph includes cognitive, social, receptive/expressive language, gross/fine motor, self-help, and perceptual areas of development. The opposite side of the graph provides definitions of each of these areas of non-technical language (Fig. 2).


Bronchitis is described as inflammation of the bronchial vessels. It is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes and divided into acute and chronic forms. Indonesia does not have accurate data on morbidity of acute or chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis including ten biggest disease in the outpatient Dr. Ferdinand L. Tobing General Hospital. Total cases of bronchitis in 2010-2012 there were 442 cases. To determine the characteristics of patients with bronchitis outpatient from 2010 until 2012 conducted a descriptive study design case series. The Populations in this study as much as 442 data and the samples in this study as much as 206 data obtained by sampling random tables C.Survey program, data analysis by using Chi-square test. Results showed that the highest proportion with bronchitis in the age group 24-32 years 21,8%, for male gender in the age group of 24-32 years 22,6%, for female gender in the age group of 42-50 years 25,6%, 19,4% self-employed jobs, with marital status 75,2%, residence in Sibolga 63,6%, 100% clinical symptoms of cough, chronic bronchitis type 58,3%, 61,7% smoking history, number of visits ≤ 4 times 78,2% and other general expenses 51,5%. Statistical test results showed there is significant difference proportion between of patients aged by type of bronchitis (p 0.05) and the number of visits by source of funding (p> 0.05). Expected to bronchitis sufferers to increase body resistance, hygiene, environmental sanitation and reduce smoking and the doctors and nurses Dr. Ferdinand L.Tobing General Hospital Sibolga to give understanding to patients and their families about the disease bronchitis. Keywords: Bronchitis, Caractheristic of patient, Dr. Ferdinand L.Tobing General Hospital.


Conventional methods of multi-focus image fusion have high computation and cause blocking effect or artificial effect easily. An effective multi-focus image fusion scheme based on the lifting scheme of wavelets is proposed in this paper. The pending images are decomposed by using the wavelet lifting scheme into four subbands firstly: LL, LH, HL, HH, and then subband LH, HL, HH, are synthesized to obtain three directions of high-frequency details of the images. The local luminance contrast, which is represented by weighted region energies, is calculated by the Gaussian kernel based on the high-frequency details. Thus the energy-based image fusion rule is applied to get a binary map by choosing the maximum energy between images. The performance of the proposed multi-focus image fusion scheme is compared with the existing methods by different function evaluation criteria. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a significant improvement of the fused image with no blocking effect or artificial effect. The proposed method performs the best in trade-offs in image processing speed and the quality of fused image comparing with conventional methods.


Sarcoidosis is a multisystem infl ammatory disease of unknown etiology that predominantly aff ects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes, but in 6% of cases it also occurs in central or peripheral nervous system. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated infl ammatory disease that attacks myeli- nated axons in the central nervous system. Coexistence of sarcoidosis and other autoimmune diseases like MS is rarely reported in the literature. We present a case report of a patient with coexisting sarcoidosis and MS, with a positive family history of MS. Symptoms of sarcoidosis appeared three years before the onset of symptoms typical for MS. Similarity of demyelinating lesions in the nervous system, increased IgG in cere- brospinal fl uid and good response to corticosteroid treatment point to similar etiology. Th e onset of diseases like sarcoidosis and MS in the same patient over a period of only a few years opens the question whether the two separate entities come in sequence or the onset of sarcoidosis occurs during development of typical clinical presentation of MS.


Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis, classification and surgical treatment of skull base chordomas. Methods Clinical data from fifty-six patients with skull base chordomas admitted between Sep. 1988 and Dec. 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations included cranial nerve dysfunctions in 36 cases, motor disturbances in 27, and nasopharyngeal symptoms in 10. According to the original sites and growth directions, the tumor was divided into parasellar type in 18 cases, middle fossa in 10, posterior fossa in 17, naso-oropharyngeal in 6, and mixed patterns in 5. Sixty-one operations were performed, including via suboccipital far-lateral approach in 3 cases, retromastoid in 12, presigmoid in 6, anterior transbasal in 8, nasosphenoidal in 13, subtemporal epidural in 5 and transsylvian fissure in 14. Postoperative radiotherapy or radiosurgery was performed in the patients whose tumor has not been totally removed. Results MRI scans showed that the tumor was totally removed in 37 cases (66.1%), subtotally or partially in 19 (33.9%). Two patients (3.6%) died. One died from infection 2 weeks after the operation, and the other one died from coma 6 months after the operation. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred in 2 patients, cranial nerve dysfunction occurred in 1, and hemiplegia occurred in 1. Forty-five cases were followed-up, among them 9 patients died from tumor occurrence after 2 to 5 years. Conclusions ① Most chordomas can be diagnosed based on clinical and imaging features, although some should be differentiated from invasive pituitary adenoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, chondroid tumor and nerve sheath tumor. ② 3D reconstruction of the skull base and blood vessel can be helpful in understanding the destruction of bone and the relation between vessels and tumor and reducing the operative risk. ③ Appropriate clinical classification may be useful in choice of surgical approach, and combined approach is needed sometimes to totally remove the tumor. ④ Survival prolongation can be achieved in those patients receiving radiotherapy.


The African National Congress (ANC)-led government established a Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) policy in 1994, which included the introduction of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), with the goal of driving the economy and contributing to service delivery. SOEs are companies that are profit making, yet governments own them. As a result, SOEs are owned by the residents who elect their government and pay taxes to keep them functioning. These citizens are stakeholders in these enterprises through the government's administration. It can be argued that corruption, maladministration, and inadequate leadership accountability are the causes of the devaluation of state-owned enterprises. The 4th and 5th administration were thought to be corrupt, but the corruption appears to be immersed in the current 6th administration, with the SOEs being privatized. Corruption and similar corporate governance violations in state-owned Entities are becoming more common (SOEs). The purpose of this paper is to examine the position of State-Owned Entities and observe instances of incompetence, corruption and political interference in the operation of SOEs throughout the 4th, 5th and current 6th administration. Furthermore, this paper is a conceptual paper and it has relied heavily on secondary data and existing literatures for analysis and interpretation. The paper recommends that SOEs should be transparent to the public or stakeholders on its affairs, and the ANC to stop interfering in the administration and operation of SOEs.


Objective To forecast the required dental manpower for conservative treatment under different frames and to analyze the matching condition between supply and need.Methods 1517 subjects were investigated on need and demand for conservative treatment by stratified,clustering random sampling.The working time were gotten by on splot study and experience estimation.Health need and demand method was adopted to predict the required amount of conservative dentists.Results The prevalence of dental caries was 64.9% , 57.5% needed conservative treatment. 20.2% attended the dentist for treatment in a year,the potential demand was 64.9% .The dentists in need were forecasted to be 987~1628 (WHO working time) and 1029~1697 (CHcT working time) respectively.Conclusion A substantial discrepancy is found between dental caries and demand for conservative treatment.The supply of conservative dentists could not meet the requirement of treatment.The development and training of conservative dentists would be one part of the resource allocation.


Background—The combination of a single-bolus fibrinolytic and a low-molecular-weight heparin may facilitate prehospital reperfusion and further improve clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods and Results—In the prehospital setting, 1639 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to treatment with tenecteplase and either (1) intravenous bolus of 30 mg enoxaparin (ENOX) followed by 1 mg/kg subcutaneously BID for a maximum of 7 days or (2) weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin (UFH) for 48 hours. The median treatment delay was 115 minutes after symptom onset (53% within 2 hours). ENOX tended to reduce the composite of 30-day mortality or in-hospital reinfarction, or in-hospital refractory ischemia to 14.2% versus 17.4% for UFH (P =0.080), although there was no difference for this composite end point plus in-hospital intracranial hemorrhage or major bleeding (18.3% versus 20.3%, P =0.30). Correspondingly, there were reductions in in-hospital reinfarction (3.5% versus 5.8%, P =0.028) and refractory ischemia (4.4% versus 6.5%, P =0.067) but increases in total stroke (2.9% versus 1.3%, P =0.026) and intracranial hemorrhage (2.20% versus 0.97%, P =0.047). The increase in intracranial hemorrhage was seen in patients >75 years of age. Conclusions—Prehospital fibrinolysis allows 53% of patients to receive reperfusion treatment within 2 hours after symptom onset. The combination of tenecteplase with ENOX reduces early ischemic events, but lower doses of ENOX need to be tested in elderly patients. At present, therefore, tenecteplase and UFH are recommended as the routine pharmacological reperfusion treatment in the prehospital setting.


Background: the most mindful patient of orthodontic treatment is the least suffering from complications, in particular when treated with Herbst appliance. Theoretically the older patient is the least suffering from complications. The aim of this study is comparison between early adolescent and late adolescent regarding rate and types of complication during Herbst treatment. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 38 patients, their skeletal ages were evaluated depending on lateral Cephalometric. And it was divided into two groups: first one ( 19 patients) their skeletal age is C2 and C3, second one ( 19 patients) their skeletal age is C4 has not reached C5. All patients were treated with conventional Herbst appliance for 7 months, their Mandible was advanced to edge-edge. Monitored complications were divided into five types: 1- no complications. 2- Mandibular splint breakage. 3- Mandibular and maxillary splints breakage. 4- maxillary splint loosening. 5- Mandibular splint loosening. Results: the rate of patients who suffered from complications in early adolescents group is 63.2 % and 42.1 % in late adolescents group. The most common complication was Mandibular splint breakage rating 91.7% in early adolescent patients and 75% in late adolescent patients who suffered from complications. Conclusions: It conclude ,within the limits of this study, the superiority of late adolescent regarding clinical low rate of complication compared with early adolescent, since the late adolescents are more mindful of Herbst treatment.


Taiwan has many vehicles and as a result many traffic problems. In particular, during the Spring Festival and the holidays, Hsuehshan Tunnel (HST) between Yilan and Taipei is always a traffic jam. To solve this problem, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is necessary, and accurate vehicle detection (VD) is the first stage for ITS. In order to detect vehicles in HST, three training methods based on single shot multibox detector (SSD) are presented to detect four categories of vehicle in the Tunnel. The experimental results demonstrated that the presented three training methods, which only used 1000 training frames, can detect and categorize more vehicles than the pre-trained SSD model which used a large training dataset. Specifically, the SSD trained by our collected data set and data augmentation has the highest detection rates for sedan, van, bus, and truck – 93.6%, 90.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.


Traction transformers in the past were filled with mineral oil to provide the cooling and electrical isolation. Whilst mineral oil serves the purpose as an effective coolant and dielectric, it has a number of limitations, most notably the relatively low flash and fire point, making it relatively easy to ignite. Trains travelling through tunnels have to comply with the most stringent fire safety requirements – and mineral oils have notable shortcomings in terms of fire safety and maximum operating temperatures. Synthetic ester filled transformers in comparison have the ability to operate at higher temperatures and are designed for increased fire safety and performance. Transformer mineral oils, unlike ester fluids, are also not classified as biode gradable, so leaks or spillages can have a detrimental effect on the environment. As a superior alternative, synthetic esters have been widely adopted for their technical advantages, increased fire safety, performance and reliability characteristics in often demanding conditions. In addition, the new draft CEN/TS45545 has also taken account of the need to standardise on fire safe electrical insulating fluids.


The present invention relates to a household appliance (1), in particular cleaning apparatus (1), comprising a housing (2) enclosing a housing interior (3) and a housing underside (2a). In order to cover the widest possible range of applications with the greatest possible energy efficiency, the invention proposes that the housing (2) at the housing underside (2a) of a bottom plate (4) with at least four housing openings (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10 ', 11) respectively connecting the housing interior (3) with the surroundings and their cross-sectional area is at least 80 mm


Cellulolytic enzymes were produced from the three fungal strains [P. janthinellum EMS-UV-8 (E), T. reesei Rut C-30 (R) and A. tubingenesis (A)] and used to prepare blends for the hydrolysis of avicel and acid treated wheat straw (A-WS). An enzyme blend prepared from three different crude preparations (E + R + A) on the basis of equivalent FPU or protein was found to be more synergistic and gave better hydrolysis of avicel or A-WS than the blend of two enzyme preparations (E + R, E + A and R + A) or individual enzyme preparations (E, R, and A). The triple blend gave two times higher hydrolysis of avicel or A-WS than the individual enzyme preparations at the same enzyme dosages. In all cases the individual or cumulative FPU or protein in blends was equal (10 FPU or 20 mg protein per g of substrate). Increased enzyme activities (CMCase and FPU) were found in the blends compared to the sum of individual enzyme activities added for the blend preparation. This reveals that the increased hydrolysis of cellulose by blends was a result of increased synergism between the same (endoglucanase) and/or different types of cellulases from different preparations. Enzyme blending is thus a facile, cost effective and sustainable approach for biomass saccharification for biofuels.


In their insightful correspondence, Akiyama et al 1 focus on a peculiar feature of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), that is, the involvement of salivary and lacrimal glands, which mimics the Mikulicz disease, a common manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Given that EGPA shows high serum IgG4 levels (particularly in its active phases),2 and that IgG4-RD often features allergy, eosinophilia and respiratory tract involvement, the differential diagnosis between these two disorders may be challenging. The observation that patients with EGPA can present with Mikulicz-like salivary and lacrimal gland involvement enhances the difficulty in the differential diagnosis with …


We report experimental results concerning the elastic and elastooptic properties of Zn1−xBexSe solid solutions grown by the high pressure Bridgman technique. The elastic and elastooptic constants of Zn1−xBexSe crystals with different Be content have been determined at room temperature by the Brillouin scattering method.


Several commercial HPLC columns and gels were studied in order to fractionate phenolic compounds from grapes by molecular size. Sephadex G type were the most appropriate for the fractionation and it could be used with HPLC instrumentation to allow rapid, reproducible separations in which all the process variables were perfectly controlled. Sephadex G-10, G-15, and G-25 were applied to study the evolution of condensed phenolic compounds during the maturation of Garnacha grapes in 1987 and 1988.


Uttarakhand, where the study will be carried out is a state with diverse agro-climatic features. In Uttarakhand more than 75 percent of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood and farmers mainly practice subsistence farming. Farming in the state is characterized by mixed cropping and a mere merely 10 per cent of the agricultural land in the state has irrigation facility. Another feature typical of hill farming is the small and scattered land holdings. Out of the total cultivated area, about 50 per cent of landholdings (in number) are sub marginal, and 21 per cent of landholdings measure between 0.5–1 hectares. Major crops grown in the Uttarakhand hills are rice, wheat, maize, plum, peach, pear, mango, potato, tomato, green pea, cauliflower, capsicum, etc. Farmers or primary producers in the state face many challenges, of both technical and economic nature. More than 80 per cent of working population of the state is engaged in agriculture whereas only 25 per cent of the total area of Uttarakhand is under agriculture. The biggest challenges to agriculture sector in the state are small and fragmented land holdings and poor irrigation facilities. Difficult terrain, unfavorable climatic conditions for some crops, inadequate availability of inputs and technology has resulted in low agricultural yield when compared to the national average. Vegetable cultivation is one of the important components of agriculture sector of Uttarakhand. It provides the much needed opportunity for diversification in agriculture, especially in view of unusual topography and agro-climatic conditions of the state, where the scope for production of conventional field crops is confined to two plain districts; i.e; Haridwar and U.S. Nagar. Out of thirteen districts of the state, Nainital has been selected for the present study. The district has a highly varied topography i.e. hilly as well as plain areas therefore district has mixed population, and natural conditions and resources are different in all the eight blocks of the district. According to the 2011 census, 61.06 % of the population is in rural areas and the district has a population density of 225 inhabitants per square Kilometer indicating a dispersed habitation. Four villages (Syalikhet, Suryatala, Bhalyuti and Dogara) from Bhimtal block will be selected for the study. The bench mark survey revealed that about 20% of the households belong to Scheduled Caste community and 88% of the household have marginal land holdings. There are no large and medium land holders in the village. All the households in the village have agriculture land but a substantial number also depended on poultry for supplementary income. Overall low productivity, shortage of inputs and lack of marketing have confined production to self-consumption. Agriculture technology mission schemes have been launched in these districts to increase productivity, but their impact has not reached the farms. The present paper aims to discuss the agricultural practices including cropping season, cropping pattern, land use, production of crops and ecological aspect of agricultural system in this Uttarakhand state and suggest some measures for developing farming system, which could lead the sustainability, in terms of meeting the food grain needs of the people on the one hand and restoring the ecological balance on the other. Agriculture production as well as ensuring food security for all is an important challenge for the world community. This study shows a contribution of increased agriculture productivity to achieve food security.


The paper briefly describes the current situation of developing several highcapacity and highefficiency coal miming technologies both at home and abroad. It compares the complete conditions and levels between the domestic and overseas highcapacity and highefficiency face equipment, emphatically discusses the influence of hydraulic support on face highcapacity and highefficiency in the field of support construction, working resistance, stability, bar structure, center distance, unit advance and control system, etc., puts forward the opinions and advices of fitting in with the coal mining technologies of highefficiency intension production and developing highcapacity and high-efficiency face hydraulic support in China.


Adrian Stokes (1902-72), long admired by a small, highly distinguished, mostly English circle, was the natural successor to Pater and Ruskin. But though his place in cultural history is important, what is of particular interest now to art historians is his theory of the presentness of painting, a theory which offers a challenging critique of the practice of artwriting. From Vasari to the present, the most familiar rhetorical strategy of the art historian is the narrative of "the form, prophet-saviour-apostles," in which the first artist poses some problem that his successors develop and their successors solve.' Such very different books as Art and Illusion and Art and Culture deploy that plan. The three periods of naturalism in E. H. Gombrich's narrative-antiquity, Renaissance religious narrative, nineteenth-century landscape-function like Clement Greenberg's sequence-old master art, early French modernism, American abstract expressionism. Gombrich and Greenberg disagree about how to narrate art's history and about which works to include in that narrative--Gombrich asserts that cubism closes the canon while for Greenberg analytical cubism anticipates Jackson Pollock-but in each case, the art historian aims, as the novelist does, to tell a satisfying story and achieve narrative closure, and so how we think of the artworks the historian discusses depends in


A sea water source cascade heat pump was designed and tested in this study. The system was designed to perform a single stage operation in summer, as well as a cascade operation in winter to ensure the high temperature lift. A steady-state simulation model was developed to analyze and optimize its performance. The simulation results show that the R717 exhibits best performance among combinations considered in this study. A R410A also exhibits the highest performance among HFCs with the smallest compressor displacement. A 15-RT R410A-R134a pilot system was installed in the 5-story commercial building at Samcheok City by the East Sea. A scroll type R410A compressor, a reciprocating type R134a compressor, plate type condenser/evaporator/ cascade heat exchanger and two electronic expansion valves were used to build a pilot. A titanium plate type heat exchanger is also used for the heat exchanging with a sea water. The heat source/sink water is supplied from the well below the seashore in the depth of 5 m. In the initial test of the system, supply water temperature was rising up to 67?C using a sea water heat source of 9?C, while an ambient temperature was 4.5?C.


Abstract : The primary objective of this project was to utilize satellite-data from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor, and the satellite data interpretation knowledge of experts, to develop environmental algorithms for the Navy. This objective was met by the design and implementation of software to extract information from the experts and the satellite sensor images, e.g., cloud type, five channels of spectral data, and three textural parameters. The experts classified clouds over seven regions in the Northern Hemisphere covering a one year period. Although these data will be used to develop a tactical algorithm to automatically classify clouds by type, the agreement among experts will help to form a baseline for the developed objective technique.


Cloud computing is a novel computing paradigm that utilizes remote cloud resources to achieve a high-performance computation. Cloud provides infrastructure, platform and software as different on-demand services. China has made remarkable progress in cloud-based products and operating system technology. The government, enterprises and research institutions are all active in the development of cloud computing-related projects. Despite the progress, many important problems still need to be resolved. The goal of this Special Topic Issue is to explore the research and developments related to cloud computing.


Background/Aim: Methionine addiction, a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer, is due to the excess use of methionine for transmethylation, and is described as the Hoffman-effect. Methionine-addicted cancer cells can revert at low frequency to methionine independence when selected under methionine-restriction. We report here that highly-malignant methionine-addicted H460 human lung-cancer cells, when selected for methionine independence, have greatly-reduced tumorigenic potential. Materials and Methods: Methionine-addicted H460 parental cancer cells and methionine-independent revertant H460-R1 cells were injected in nude mice subcutaneously. Results: When the parental H460 methionine-addicted cells were injected in nude mice at 2.5×105, 1×105 and 5×104, the cells could form tumors. In contrast, the H460-R1 methionine-independent revertant cells could not form tumors when the above-listed cell numbers were injected in nude mice. Conclusion: There is a tight linkage between methionine addiction and malignancy.


Stimulus equivalence refers to the observation that training a set of overlapping conditional relations (hereafter, baseline relations) results in many other conditional relations that are not directly trained but are nevertheless systematically related to or derived from the originally trained conditional relations (hereafter, derived relations). These derived conditional relations instantiate the reversal and recombination of directly trained stimulus functions which are described by the terms reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity (cf. Sidman & Tailby, 1982). For example, reflexivity is defined as an increased likelihood of selecting comparison stimuli that are identical to the sample stimulus. Symmetry refers to the observation that the directly trained conditional and discriminative functions of stimuli have become reversible. Transitivity refers to the observation that the conditional stimuli from one trained conditional relation are effective in modulating the discriminative functions of stimuli from another conditional relation. In other words, the directly trained conditional and discriminative functions of stimuli are shown to recombine in untrained ways. The derived conditional discriminations define a relation of equivalence among the stimuli (cf. Sidman et al., 1982; Sidman & Tailby, 1982). The resulting equivalence classes can be structurally characterized in terms of the number of stimuli per class, the number of nodes, the distribution of single stimuli, and the training structure (Fields & Verhave, 1987). The present paper is concerned with the role of training


Compression plays a significant role in a data storage and a transmission. If we speak about a generall data compression, it has to be a lossless one. It means, we are able to recover the original data 1:1 from the compressed file. Multimedia data (images, video, sound...), are a special case. In this area, we can use something called a lossy compression. Our main goal is not to recover data 1:1, but only keep them visually similar. This article is about an image compression, so we will be interested only in image compression. For a human eye, it is not a huge difference, if we recover RGB color with values [150,140,138] instead of original [151,140,137]. The magnitude of a difference determines the loss rate of the compression. The bigger difference usually means a smaller file, but also worse image quality and noticable differences from the original image. We want to cover compression techniques mainly from the last decade. Many of them are variations of existing ones, only some of them uses new principes.


Current study aimed to examine possible acts of adding taurine or leptin to extender on frezability and fertiablity of frozen buffalo-semen. Five sexually mature buffalo male were used for semen collection (twice/week for 35 days) using artificial vagina. Mass motility of all collected ejaculates was ≥70%. The collected semen was pooled, allotted into 7 replicates, then extended in Tris-egg yolk without (control), with taurine and leptin (20 and 40 ng/ml for each), or two combination of taurine (10 and 20 ng/ml) and leptin (20 and 20 ng/ml). Semen was frozen in straws for 2 wk and thawed at 370C/30 seconds. In diluted, equilibrated and thawed semen, the live, individual motility and abnormal sperm percentages were determined, while the hypo-osmotic swelling test (curled tail) was examine in semen after thawing. In the thawed seminal plasma, enzyme activity was assayed. Fertilizing ability of each semen treatment was determined. Results showed that adding 20 ng leptin/ml or 40 ng taurine/ml enhanced (P<0.05) all spermatozoa parameters after dilution, equilibration and thawing versus control and other treatments. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were reduced (P<0.05) with all additives compared with control semen. Pregnancy rate for buffalo cows which inseminated with  extended semen contain 20 ng leptin /ml, 40 ng taurine /ml, and control  was 90, 80 and 70% (P<0.05). Thia study concluded that, addition of 20 ng leptin/ml or 40 ng taurine/ml in the extender of Tris for buffalo frozen-semen had positive impact on sperm function during cryopreservation and increased fertility of buffalo-bull spermatozoa.


The article identifies systematic differences in commercial lending default rates and payment delinquency between firms that are operated by women and men in Ghana. Logistic and Tobit analyses that measure the incidence of loan default and months in arrears are estimated for a sample of 2039 entrepreneurial firms, of which 31% are female owned. The results indicate that single college educated women manage their loan accounts more prudently than both men in general and married women. Other opportunities and challenges faced by women business owners in Ghana are discussed.


In sub-10 nm technology nodes, next generation lithography technologies are urgently required, and the diblock copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) technology has shown its strong potential for contact/via layer fabrication. In addition, post-layout redundant via insertion has become a necessary step to guarantee sufficient yield and circuit reliability. However, existing redundant via insertion algorithms are not suitable for DSA since they could seriously deteriorate via manufacturability. In contrast, a sophisticated DSA-aware redundant via insertion algorithm may not only enhance circuit reliability but also improve DSA manufacturability. In this paper, we propose the first work of simultaneous guiding template optimization and redundant via insertion for DSA. An optimal integer linear programming (ILP)-based algorithm and an efficient graph-based approach are provided. To facilitate the development of the ILP formulation, a systematic approach is proposed to determine whether a via is manufacturable with DSA. In addition, reduction techniques are presented to greatly reduce the computational complexity of ILP. For the graph-based approach, all feasible via patterns composed of original vias and redundant vias are identified. Then, the original problem is transformed into a graph formulation and efficiently optimized. Experimental results show that both of our two algorithms can effectively optimize via manufacturability and maximize the redundant via insertion rate within reasonable computation time.


The chicken-blood stone can be divided into two main types of Changhua stone and Baling stone by their origins.There are differences in blood color,blood quantity,blood type,ground′color,transparency,luster,hardness,impurities and cracks between two types of chicken-blood stones,which becomes the important criterion for distinguishing the chicken-blood stones.In this paper,the X-ray powder diffractometry is used for distinguishing Changhua chicken-blood stone and Baling chicken-blood stone and for rapid and accurate identification of genuine and fake bloods in chicken-blood stones.


Ultraviolet-light mutagenesis had been used in the induction of cephalosporin C (CPC) production in Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 11550. Selection of high antibiotic-producers among the mutants was carried out by agar diffusion method using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and then final selection of the highest CPC producing mutant was carried out in shake flasks in which it produced 900 mg/L. The newly-isolated mutant (M104) produced 2160 mg/L CPC in a batch process in NBS stirred-tank bioreactor (working volume 4L). The fermentation and sugar assimilation behavior of the strain M104 have been investigated. It has been observed that adequate aeration is critically important to supply oxygen that is necessary for antibiotic biosynthesis. The diauxic phenomenon has been observed in this fermentation process in which a mixture of an easily metabolized sugar (glucose) with another more difficult to be assimilated (sucrose) is used to build up the antibiotic-producing biomass (by glucose) and to make the fungus attain the physiological state of antibiotic production (by sucrose). The maximum CPC concentration was obtained at 96 hours of fermentation time, the maximum specific productivity was 186 mg CPC/g dry weight at 136 hours, and the maximum rate of CPC production was 31 mg/L.hr at 64 hours. This work is considered a model of strain genetic improvement that is carried out to enhance the antibiotic production in industry to increase the profit with a reduction of the cost of the final product.


Abstract Color contrast in a nematic liquid crystal display is defined experimentally. Liquid crystal cell shows a positive dielectric anisotropy and is operated in a tunable birefringence mode. Munsell color chips used as background color. Colorimetric data are shown in the 1976 CIE (L*, a*, b*) color scale. First, a predict equation of color shift induced by background color is derived and shows a good agreement with the result of experiment. Second, criterial of color contrast is established by taking into account the color shift. The values of criteria nearly coincide with that of psychophysical experiment by single-stimulur method, and the validity of criteria is confirmed.


Background: • Psoriasis being a chronic relapsing skin condition is often found difficult to manage. Psychological factors might be playing a role in frequent relapses. According to one study Prevalence of psychiatric co morbidity varies from 40-70%.Psoriasis can have a profound impact on a patient's quality of life.Most of the data available on psychiatric morbidity is from west. Present study was planned to know the Psychiatric morbidity, their demographics and quality of life (QoL) in patients with psoriasis. Aim: • To determine the prevalence of Psychiatric morbidity in patients with Psoriasis. • To assess the quality of life in Psoriasis patients Methods: • 70 consecutive patients diagnosed as having psoriasis attending Dermatology OPD at a tertiary care centre were assessed by using MINI-PLUS and DQLI. Results: • Data were analyzed using statistical software called SPSS V.20.61% of patients with psoriasis were found to have psychiatric co-morbidity. Major Depressive disorder (26%), Adjustment disorder with depressed mood (10%) and Adjustment disorder with anxiety (8%), Nicotine dependence(8%), Dysthymia (4%), Alcohol dependence (4%) and Social Phobia (1%) were found in the sample. The mean DLQI score was 13.8.QoL was impaired in young patients, single, having medium level education. Conclusion. • Psoriasis has a negative impact in the quality of life in patients with psoriasis, especially in younger and single patients. This study also revealed that there is a strong association of various psychosocial stress factors like Loneliness, Marital stress and Disgust towards skin appearance with psychiatric co-morbidity.


Radiation inhibits myogenesis following muscle damage from cardiotoxin (CTX) injection. Cellular oxidative stress may contribute to this inhibition. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of human mitochondrial‐targeted catalase (MCAT) following muscle damage induced by cardiotoxin with and without exposure to radiation. Adult male mice (C57BL/J6) were assigned to one of eight groups: CTX wild‐type or CTX+MCAT; irradiation (IRR) or no IRR; and 4 or 14 days. Following CTX injection into the tibialis anterior (TA), mice assigned to the irradiation groups were exposed to a dose of 7 Gy of gamma irradiation. The TA muscles of both legs were harvested and stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. Cross sectional area (CSA) of regenerating fibers (centralized nuclei) was analyzed. No significant differences in CSA were found between wild‐type and MCAT mice at days 4 or 14. Irradiation resulted in significant damage at day 4 in both wild‐type and MCAT mice with no centralized nuclei discernable. Irradiation caused a significant blunting of regeneration at day 14 compared to the non‐irradiated groups (p < 0.001) with no significant difference between CTX+IRR and CTX+MCAT+IRR. These results indicate that a single dose of clinically relevant radiation resulted in the inhibition of myogenesis 14 days following CTX injection that was not affected by catalase targeted to the mitochondria.


We demonstrate that thermoreflectance can be observed when lattice heating is effected with an amplitude modulated laser. Changes in reflectivity are probed with a cw laser, and maps of inhomogeneous ion implantation and swirl precipitates in Si wafers are obtained.


Virtual BasketTM, Bubble BlastTM, and Vapor TunnelTM are three laser pulse modulation technologies that modify the holmium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Ho:YAG) laser pulse transmission through the creation of bubbles emerging from the fiber tip with different effects on the target stone. The primary outcome of the current study was to test the stone ablation rates for the different pulse modulation modes, Virtual Basket, Bubble Blast, and Vapor Tunnel, using different power, energy, and frequency settings.


A general, highly efficient methodology for obtaining both syn and anti β-hydroxyphosphine oxides by reduction of the corresponding β-ketophosphine oxides is described. The nature of the Lewis acid was found to be pivotal in determining the outcome of these reactions. Strongly chelating TiCl4 led to the anti isomer in high diastereoisomeric excess in noncoordinating solvents (CH2Cl2) at -78°C with BH3/py as reducing agent, while nonchelating CeCl3 gave a high excess of the syn isomer in coordinating solvents (THF) at the same temperature with LiBH4 as reducing agent. In the latter case, CeCl3 is essential in achieving high yields and stereoselectivity, since it allows the reaction to be performed at low temperatures. Otherwise, higher temperatures (0°C) are required, which lower both yields and selectivities. Moreover, each step of the protocol for the synthesis of stereodefined disubstituted olefins from alkylphosphine oxides (Warren's modification of the Horner procedure) has been optimized, and the optimized procedure has been applied to the synthesis of muscalure, the pheromone of the domestic fly.


A Tiankeng is a type of very large collapse doline that has evolved by roof collapse over a large cave chamber where a huge mass of breakdown debris has been removed by a substantial cave river. Described first in China, the term "Tiankeng" is recognised as a useful term within the worldwide lexicon of karst.


Rogelio Arreola Aldo Crossa Maria C. Velasco Abdui-Aziz Yakabu August 2000 Typically, for an epidemic to occur, infectious individuals have to generate at least one secondary infection before they die or recover (Ro > 1 ). A simple model is introduced where epidemics are possible when Ro <1. Models with varying levels of complexity in the population dynamics are introduced and the question of whether or not they force or drive disease epidemic patterns is analyzed in a single and multiple patch system connected by dispersal. Interaction of this sort between patches can disrupt the initial one patch disease dynamics; for example, dispersal can cause a disease-free equilibrium where otherwise there would be none.


Due to the importance of bioactive peptides, proteins and drug for pharmaceutical purpose, there is a growing interest for suitable delivery systems, able to increase their bioavailability and to target them to the desired location. Some of the most studied delivery systems involve encapsulation or entrapment of drugs into biocompatible polymeric devices. A multitude of techniques have been described for the synthesis of nanomaterials from polymers, however, the use of ionizing radiation (γ, e-), to obtain nano- and microgels polymer is characterized by the possibility of obtaining products with a high degree of purity. Although, in the world, electronic radiation is used for this purpose, gamma radiation has not been utilized for these purposes. In this paper is developed the formulation the formulation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanogels synthesized by gamma radiation techniques, for their evaluation as potential system of drug delivery. Experiments were performed in absence of oxygen using aqueous solutions of PVP (0.05% -1%). Crosslinking reactions were carried out at 25° C in a gamma irradiation chamber with a 60Co source (MPX-γ 30). The Viscosimetry, Light Scattering, X-Ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were used as characterization techniques.


A spark ignition engine was used to correct engine combustion chamber deposit(C.C.D.), intake valve deposit(I.V.D.), and piston top deposit(P.T.D.). In this study, the effect of gasoline additive on I.V.D. was investigated. Compared with base gasoline and additive mixed gasoline showed a remarkable deposit-forming tendency. And an test procedure has been developed employing a 1.5L P.F.I. (port fuel injection) engine on an engine dynamometer.


The National Digital Repositories (SNRD) is an initiative of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Productiva1 (MINCYT)of Argentina jointly with the Council
Inter Science and Technology (CICYT) through its representatives on the Advisory Council Electronic Library of Science and Technology. The presentation realizes its structure, organization and development since its inception in May 2011 to January 2015.


A nonstationary time-series having 1/ f spectrum is proposed. The time-series is given by a superposition of the various relaxation processes having random relaxation times and random initial conditions.


The invention belongs to the field of biomedical materials and relates to a bone fracture internal fixation material. The bone fracture internal fixation material is characterized in that degradable acylated chitin as a main material and a degradable strengthening agent as an auxiliary material are embedded to form a hard absorbable bone fracture internal fixation material which is integrally formed, wherein the weight ratio of the acylated chitin to the strengthening agent is 10:(0-10).


ABSTRACT Fastac is a widely used in field pest control insecticide, belonging to the group of synthetic pyrethroids. These insecticides are highly toxic to many aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of Fastac on Daphnia magna Straus and Gammarus pulex (L.). The 48h—EC50 for Daphnia magna was estimated to be 0.8 μg/l and 24h—LC50 for Gammarus pulex—0.3 μg/l. The low solubility of the Fastac resulted in higher toxicity toward Gammarus pulex probably due to its adsorption into the sediments.


Film is a historical agent. It can be used as a tool in historical research, such as a piece based on a historical or newsworthy event. Even fictional film can be used to retrieve valuable historical information. Many historians believe fictional films are not worthy as historical agents because they are produced primarily for creative or entertainment purposes. However, instead of simply labeling these films as creative works, we should look further and see that historical films can be reliable reenactments of historical events and valuable ways to learn the socioanthropological characteristics of the period, and that they are potentially very valuable historical artifacts. So what parts of history can films reliably aid in research? Our hypothesis is that fictional films not only show the social aspects but also the mentalities carried by the historical populations of the time covered. Conversely, history can also be a valuable tool in studying film. Without limiting ourselves to standard historical period pieces, our thesis is based on the relationships between history and film, group mentality and the individual artist. Nowadays it is difficult to limit oneself to a single field without branching into others. We must expand our horizons by connecting to other fields of study. Since Korea has no established history or tradition in film, it is especially urgent that we introduce here a methodology of studying film history. In this project we seek to find an appropriate method of researching ftlm history particular to our nation.


The invention discloses a method for preparing down-proof fabric, which comprises the steps of: a, unwinding gray fabric and then adsorbing furs of the gray fabric, wherein the gray fabric is fine denier filament; b, adding the treated gray fabric into an overflow dyeing machine, carrying out high-temperature reduction operation through programmed heating; c, dyeing the gray fabric in dyeing solution; d, putting the fabric in a setting machine for setting, and then drying the fabric, and adding wind-proof agent for setting; and e, calendaring, checking the fabric, and packaging. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that: 1, as polyster fibers contract sufficiently under the condition of high temperature, grains on the surface of the fabric are dense and smooth; 2, the fine denier filament are applied to reacting with the polyster fibers in a certain amount of alkali solution at a high temperature, thereby slightly corroding fiber layers on the surfaces of the fibers, increasing air permeability and reducing static generation probability of the fibers, improving bulkiness of the fibers, and enhancing the sense of puffing of the fibers; 3, by adjusting tissues of the fabric, density is increased and printing and dyeing processes are adjusted, in this way, eiderdowns and wools can be prevented from penetrating down from the fabric; and 4, the fabric is excellent in performance and low in price.


Summary This paper describes a new, simple, precise, and accurate HPTLC method for quantification of (−)-epicatechin in the leaves of Cassia fistula. The leaves were separately extracted with methanol and water by both maceration and hot extraction (Soxhlet apparatus). Chromatographic separation of the drug was performed on aluminium foil silica gel 60 F254 plates with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-methanol 20:12:4:4 (v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric evaluation of the separated zone was performed at 280 nm. Epicatechin in the extract was satisfactorily resolved with RF 0.22 ± 0.02. The accuracy and reliability of the method were assessed by evaluation of linearity (200–800 ng per band), precision (method precision RSD 1.42% and instrumental precision RSD 1.12%), accuracy (98.12%), and specificity in accordance with ICH guidelines.


In cerebral spastic tetraplegia or diplegia, 13 knees with fragmentation of the lower pole of the patella were compared with 58 knees without fragmentation on lateral roentgenograms. A ratio of the longitudinal patellar length to the maximal length transversing it may be used as a parameter of fragmentation. The limit of such a ratio without fragmentation was 2.5.It is considered that the ratio should be measured regularly in children walking with spastic lower extremities and that treatment of their abnormal posture is necessary to maintain walking ability before the ratio approaches 2.5.


This working paper and conference presentation reports on the findings of a study of tourism policy-making in Australia. It draws upon a conceptual framework previously developed by Airey and Chong (2011) for their study of tourism policy-making in China. The paper ends with broad conclusions which help to explain the current state of tourism policy-making in Australia.


With the capability of reconfiguring the wireless electromagnetic environment, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) becomes a new paradigm for designing future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we consider optical IRS for improving the performance of visible light communication (VLC) under a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) setting, where the mean square error (MSE) of the IRS-aided MIMO VLC is minimized by jointly designing the IRS and transceiver signal processing. To this end, the MIMO channel gains of the IRS-aided VLC are first derived under the point source assumption, based on which the MSE minimization problem is formulated subject to the emission power constraints and the IRS configuration constraints. Next, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm, which decomposes the original problem into three subproblems, to iteratively optimize the IRS configuration, the precoding and detection matrices for minimizing the MSE. Moreover, theoretical analysis on the performance of the proposed algorithm in high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes is investigated, revealing that the joint optimization process can be simplified in such special cases, and the algorithm's convergence property and computational complexity are also discussed. Finally, numerical results show that IRS-aided schemes significantly reduce the MSE as compared to their counterparts without IRS, and the proposed algorithm outperforms other baseline schemes.


The TIM23 complex mediates membrane insertion of presequence‐containing mitochondrial proteins via a stop‐transfer mechanism. Stop‐transfer signals consist of hydrophobic transmembrane segments and flanking charges. Mgr2 functions as a lateral gatekeeper of the TIM23 complex. However, it remains elusive which features of stop‐transfer signals are discriminated by Mgr2. To determine the effects of Mgr2 on the TIM23‐mediated stop‐transfer pathway, we measured membrane insertion of model transmembrane segments of varied hydrophobicity and flanking charges in Mgr2‐deletion or ‐overexpression yeast strains. We found that upon deletion of Mgr2, the threshold hydrophobicity for membrane insertion, as well as the requirement for matrix‐facing positive charges, is reduced. These results imply that the Mgr2‐mediated gatekeeper function is important for controlling membrane sorting of marginal stop‐transfer signals.


byWU D. The technique of lockin thermography combines the advantages of both conventional thermal wave methods and thermography using a commercial IR-camera. It allows for shorter imaging time and depth profiling. Inhomogenenous illumination and optical surface structures can be suppressed in phase images. Several examples show applicability of lockin thermography to detect and locate hidden flaws in layered material.


A previous Research and Library Service Research Paper (October 2010) considered comparative car insurance costs across the UK. The analysis indicated that the cost of car insurance appeared to be relatively high in Northern Ireland (NI). This paper provides an interim update on the ongoing research being undertaken to assess whether this apparent cost differential represents price discrimination, or whether it is in fact reflective of higher costs and/or risks associated with transacting car insurance business in NI.


In this paper, a design method for the yarn tension sensor based on a surface acoustic wave is presented. When the yarn tension is applied to the sensor's doubly clamped beam (i.e., piezoelectric substrate), it is linearly related to the output frequency shift, which achieves the purpose of measuring the yarn tension. This paper deduces the functional relationship between the oscillation frequency shift of the sensor and the yarn tension. We put forward the choice of a piezoelectric substrate material, the choice of the piezoelectric die size, and the placement of interdigital transducers (IDTs) as the three key issues to be determined. By using the ANSYS software, we determined that the optimal piezoelectric substrate is quartz, and determined the optimal size of the die and the maximum strain area of the die. When IDTs are placed in the maximum strain area of the piezoelectric substrate, the sensor has the best sensitivity. We have designed and produced the sensor and also have tested the sensor. Experimental results: the range is 0–2 N, the linearity is 1.0112%, the hysteresis is 0.6153%, the repeatability is 1.1067%, the accuracy is 1.6205%, the maximum overload capacity is 200% (i.e., 4 N), and the fracture strength of the substrate is 5 N.


For the treatment of his patients, the author used the drug styrakolum, which is a compound of guaiacol with cinnamic acid and was proposed back in 1891.


As the largest market within Western Europe, France has for long been able to support a large-scale domestic fertilizer industry, as well as attracting a high volume of imports. This has led to the most intense levels of competition for sales. However, as outlined by Daniel Bailly, Editorial Director of the French magazine, Reference Appro, the aftermath of the tragic explosion in Toulouse has further complicated the scenario in the French market. These are not the only woes that domestic suppliers must face...


The effect of natural ageing on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 reinforced with boron carbide, after and before heat treatment were studied in this article. The experimental results of microstructures of the alloy showed primary dendrite-delta phase rich in A356, upon grain refinement it resulted in fine grain structure and grain modification produced fibrous in the silicon phase of the alloy. Boron carbide reinforcement has led to in its uniform distribution thereby improving the mechanical properties mainly ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength(YS), and ductility. Including the boron carbide reinforcement in the metal matrix displayed furthermore decreased in wear rate and thereby improving the wear resistance. The permanent mold, gravity cast AGRM (A356 reinforced with B4C) alloys obtained from stir casting were heat treated for varied heat treatment parameters such as solutionising, and natural ageing, which spurred further improvement in the microstructure and the mechanical properties. The precipitation increased the hardness of the alloy/composite proportional to the solutionising temperature and natural ageing was found to enhance thehardness. Therefore, effect of heat treatment variables viz, solutionising temperature, natural ageing on grain refined, grain modified and boron carbide reinforced A356 alloys/composites has resulted in a more wear resistant material with improved mechanical properties.


Aims Assessment of the sensitivity and vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystem to climate change is one of the most important aspects of global change research. Our objective was to develop a new approach to assessing the vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystem using a process-based ecosystem model.Methods We developed a new quantitative approach to assess vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystems based on an ecosystem process model with two aspects: vegetation changes and ecosystem function changes. In accordance with the definition of vulnerability used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we used change times and changing direction of vegetation as key indicators of sensitivity and adaptation of vegetation responses to climate change. We also used the function's annual variability and its trend as indicators of sensitivity and adaptation of ecosystem functions response to climate change, respectively. Based on these indicators, the integrated vulnerability was determined, including assessment under the contemporary climate condition and future climate change scenarios.Important findings The more vulnerable ecosystems were found in the north and west areas of China, with less vulnerable ecosystems mostly in the south and east. The vulnerability of ecosystems would increase with climate change, but the pattern of vulnerability would be little changed by the end of this century, depending on the scenarios. The percentage of non-vulnerable ecosystems would be reduced by about 22%, and the highly and exceedingly vulnerable ecosystems would be reduced by about 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. Most highly vulnerable ecosystems are distributed in northwestern China, Inner Mongolia, south of the Tibet Plateau and some areas of northern and northeastern China, both under contemporary climate condition and the future climate change scenarios, and they were mainly scattered in transition eco-zones and grassland-desert ecosystems in northwestern China. When investigated regionally, the vulnerability would increase in southern, central, northwestern and southwestern China, but vulnerability would decrease in northern and northeastern China and Inner Mongolia of China.


"Republics of Plato" is one western masterpiece with far-reaching influence.In this book,Plato regarded "justice" as the starting point of his legal thought,whose justice theory included the national justice and individual justice.Meanwhile,he also emphasized the idea of "the rule by people".It is presented that the law is the embodiment of justice specific contents,while justice is the basic value goal that law is in pursuit of.Therefore,it is necessary to insist on administrating the country according to laws and seek the core and just value orientation of legal system in the legal administration of our country.


Several studies have shown alterations in lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of asbestos workers.1 During the past 10 years attention has focused on the role of natural killer (NK) cells, large granular lymphocytes believed to have a role in non-major histocompatibility (non-MHC) restricted cytotoxi city for tumour cells that may result in reduced growth and spread of lung cancer.2-4 Studies have shown inconsistent alterations in NK


Purpose
The purpose of this conceptual paper was to introduce the risk–benefit approach to bakery products in relation to their acrylamide content. Acrylamide is a compound which gives rise to risks of cancer, and several mitigating procedures have been in place for various products and processes. This paper concentrated on bakery products and took a risk–benefit approach in relation to acrylamide.

Design/methodology/approach
Papers published in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed. A combination of keywords such as acrylamide, bakery products and risk/benefit were used to find sources. Additional sources, such as governmental and non-governmental organisations documents, were also used when relevant. After looking at the main characteristics of acrylamide, the potential benefit of bread was also looked at. The paper summarises known information on acrylamide and looks at the risk and benefit of bakery products in relation to this compound.

Findings
The risk analysis approach can be extended to include benefits so that a balanced conclusion can be reached whether a product is an acceptable part of the diet or not. Exposure to acrylamide was a function of the product type and preparation/process. Bakery products were a source of many nutrients, and the risk regarding acrylamide may be controlled by careful product and process design.

Originality/value
There was contradictory information regarding how unsafe acrylamide is. In this paper, the risk–benefit approach has been qualitatively used to weigh both the risks and benefits of the bakery product category.


Forecasting of working-days' electricity demand is vital for short-term planning. However, demand variations due to outliers can reduce the accuracy of forecasts. Therefore, a time series data cleaning technique is proposed to remove these disturbances of electricity data. First, holidays' and bridging holidays' data are replaced by Moving Average. The k-sliding window filtering band is proposed to detect the time series outliers and replace by forecasted regular load demand using Moving Average. Data from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and a Neural Network (NN) model with six inputs and one output are used to demonstrate the performance of time window data cleaning process. The sample dataset contains data from 1stMay 2012 to 31stMay 2013 where May 2013 is used for testing. The Time-Window based data cleaning technique increases the performance of forecasting outcomes by 11.60% for non-holidays. Results from the proposed technique are compared with the results from the robust version of locally weighted smoothing (r-LOESS) and identified that the proposed technique is superior for taking results for non-holidays.


This paper presents a new file addressing method based on the calculation of an address from the identification of a record. For large recirculating type files, it seems to be more advantageous than customary ones. The probability distribution of the displacement of records from their calculated address, which is one less than the number of probes required to address a record, is computed on the basis of a Markov chain model. For the reader not interested in the mathematics, the introduction and the summary should be sufficient.


As scaling is continued down to deep submicron, interconnects become dominating the performance, signal integrity, and reliability of IC chips. However, due to the short history, not much work has been done on the overall interconnect modeling, especially interconnect characterization and statistical interconnect modeling. In interconnect characterization, more systematic methodology should be established in interconnect test structure design and their characterization. New test structures and characterization methods should be developed to characterize the advanced interconnect technology such as low K dielectric and copper. 2D interconnect model library generation has been done by the 2D finite-difference method or finite-element method. However, it takes too long to generate 3D interconnect model library due to the increase of 3D basic structures. Fast multi-pole method or measured equation of inversion are used to speed up the 3D library generation. To avoid errors due to 3D structure partitioning 3D Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the global nets. The ever-increasing clock frequency makes inductive effects more significant. However, it is very challenging to model the on-chip inductance due to its long-range interaction and wide return paths. Worst-case interconnect modeling has been done by the skew-corner method or root-sum-square method. Both methods are too conservative. The newly developed SWIM (Statistically-based Worst-case Interconnect Model generator) improves the worst-case delay within 20%.


In January 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party assumed control of Germany. On 7 April of that year the Nazis created the notion of "non-Aryan descent". "It was only a question of time", Richard Brauer would later describe it, "until [Emil] Artin, with his feeling for individual freedom, his sense of justice, his abhorrence of physical violence would leave Germany" [5, p. 28]. By the time Hitler issued the edict on 26 January 1937, which removed any employee married to a Jew from their position as of 1 July 1937, Artin had already begun to make plans to leave Germany. Artin had married his former student, Natalie Jasny, in 1929, and, since she had at least one Jewish grandparent, the Nazis classified her as Jewish. On 1 October 1937, Artin and his family arrived in America [19, p. 80]. The surprising combination of a Roman Catholic university and a celebrated American mathematician known for his gnarly personality played a critical role in Artin's emigration to America. Solomon Lefschetz had just served as AMS president from 1935–1936 when Artin came to his attention: "A few days ago I returned from a meeting of the American Mathematical Society where as President, I was particularly well placed to know what was going on", Lefschetz wrote to the president of Notre Dame on 12 January 1937, exactly two weeks prior to the announcement of the Hitler edict that would influence Artin directly.


Previous studies have addressed the management of phyllosphere pathogens by leaf and root-associated microbes. The present study evaluated the effect of the foliar application of three strains of Bacillus spp. on plant growth and fruit quality. The application of a bacilli spore preparation significantly improved leaf growth parameters such as leaf thickness and photosynthesis capacity, indicating that bacilli treatment directly promoted leaf growth. In addition, foliar treatment resulted in an improvement in the key indicators of fruit quality including water, glucose, and sucrose contents. The present results suggest that foliar spraying of beneficial bacilli is a potential treatment of wide application for the improvement of apple quality. Foliar application of bacilli preparation as effective plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria broadens the spectrum of their availability for orchard application.


The auricular arteriae blood sampling method in rabbit for attaining immune serum of polyclonal antibodies is a practical technique.Using the improved method introduced in this paper,about 100 ml blood can be sampled from each immunized rabbit at 25℃.This method is simple and exerts so lightly injury that the rabbit could be alive after sampled,while more volume and better quality blood can be obtained continuously in a short term and the serum acquired is perfect.Thus this new method is suitable for attaining immune serum of polyclonal antibodies and also meets the need of other blood sampling experiments.


Introduction In recent years, because of the structural anisotropy inherent to layered materials, worthwhile efforts have been reported on the formation of transparent thin films from layered double hydroxides (LDH). 1-3 LDHs are a class of naturally occurring anionic clays, represented by the general formula: [M II (1-x)M III x(OH)2]A nx/n•mH2O. 4 These materials have been studied as catalysts or catalyst precursors to a great extent for the past few decades. In addition, LDHs have found a wide range of scientific and technological applications. A sol-gel method is presented in this paper, by which various compositions of binary and ternary LDHs were accomplished. Solids thus obtained revealed small particle size and a high degree of intercalation of alkoxy groups in the interlayer region. These characteristics enabled the formation of thin films by the dipping technique, resulting in continuous, transparent, highly homogeneous and well adhered films.


This paper pointed out that satisfaction with the shortcomings of current domestic model about college student satisfaction with educational services, and determined the weights in the structural equation based on factor analysis of the Probit model.This paper built the student satisfaction models to make up the deficiencies of existing methods.This model could avoid the selection of indicators subjectivity,but also can affect students find satisfaction of the main factors and the impact of these factors,then can be made to improve student satisfaction rationalization proposals.


Page Introduction _ i Review of literature 2 Effect of various factors on hatch 2 Energy metabolism of incubating eggs 4 Apparatus and methods 5 The calorimetric system 6 The respiratory system ]0 Tests for accuracy of calorimeter and respiratory systems 13 E xperimental procedure and eggs used 13 Efleet of various factors on hatch 15 Effect of temperature during incubation.. 15 Effect of humidity during incubation 16 Effect of carbon dioxide content during incubation 17 Effect of oxygen content during incubation 18 Effect of air movement during incubation. 19 Page Effect of various factors on energy metabolism of chick embryo 19 First 5 days of incubation 19 Energy and water metabolism of developing chick embryo at optimum conditions ofincubation ._ 20 Intensity of energy metabolism per gram weight of living tissue 22 Respiratory and thermal quotient 23 Effect of temperature on energy metabolism 24 Effect of humidity on energy metabolism. 29 Water metabolism of the incubating egg. _ 32 Effect of carbon dioxide on energy metabolism 34 Effect of oxygen on energy metabolism 38 Summary and conclusions 41 Literature cited 43


future to allow expansionQ (p. 71). The issues behind the review, if not the proposed resolution, were already being discussed in 2004. On the whole,Metadata for Information Management and Retrieval fills a need in the metadata literature. It is not a magic bone-stop shoppingQ place where library and information professionals will find all they need to know about metadata and the standards that have been developed. Readers will need to follow up on the references for more in-depth information. The focus on how metadata is used and what information managers need to consider regarding the impact metadata will have on our professional undertakings make this volume a valuable and unique contribution.


Purpose of this document is to compare and contrast the overall burial costs of the glass and ceramic waste forms, including processing, storage, transportation, packaging, and emplacement in a repository. Amount of waste will require approximately 10,300 standard (24 in. i.d. x 9-5/6 ft length) canisters of waste glass, each containing about 3260 lb of waste at 28% waste loading. The ceramic waste form requires about one-third the above number of standard canisters. Approximately $2.5 billion is required to process and dispose of this waste, and the total cost is independent of waste form (glass or ceramic). The major cost items (about 80% of the total cost) for all cases are capital and operating expenses. The capital and 20-year operating costs for the processing facility are the same order of magnitude, and their sum ranges from about one-half of the total for the reference glass case to two-thirds of the total for the ceramic cases.


The observation results of growth and development of siberian dendroflora of Spiraea L. sort shrubs for 30 years are given in the article. The characteristics of ornamental plants, phenology peculiarities, taxational information are given. Recommendations for the reproduction techniques and planting types are suggested.


With nentwork and information as its core, the Grid technology is undergoing an unprecedented development. This paper describes the SOA architecture and security architecture of GIG and Globus. According Service-oriented Security and Security Service of grid, the model of authentication service, service and audit service based on Service-Oriented Architecture is proposed.


The hydrophilic and mechanical strength of the cellulose acetate microporous membrane (CAMM) were improved by dealt with TiO2 nanoparticles, which were obtained by adding a super dispersant into TiO2-aqueous dispersion. The influence of such factors as temperature, processing time and TiO2 concentration on adsorption amount of CAMM were investigated. The experiment data indicated that water flux of the modified CAMM increased with the increase of the TiO2 adsorption amount. It suggested that hydrophilic of the CAMM was improved than that of blank. Experiments data also showed that the modified CAMM was better in mechanical strength but was weaker in elastic deformation than those of the blank. Water flux stability of the modified CAMM has improved significantly. Better modified conditions are as follows:TiO2 concentration 0.1mol·L-1,temperature 35°C, processing time 6h, and adsorption amount 9.708mg/g.


For decades polystyrene (PS) foam is known as an efficient insulation material in the building and construction environment. At the end of its very long useful life, the waste remains a valuable material source for a variety of products. However, the flame retardant HBCD, which has been used since the 1960s until 2017, is considered a pollutant and millions of tons of PS foam waste can no longer be regularly recycled. PolyStyreneLoop is developing a solution with a physico-chemical recycling process, based on the CreaSolv® Technology. The applied technology turns PS foam waste into new high-quality raw material. During the recycling process, impurities, such as cement or other construction residues, as well as the imbedded flame retardant HBCD are safely removed. The HBCD is destroyed, while the valuable bromine component and polystyrene are recovered. In 2019 an industrial scale demonstration plant (with the capability to handle 3.3 kt of PS insulation foam waste per year) will be built in the Netherlands. The plant is aimed at starting up by the end of 2019. Subsequently the technical, economic and environmental viability of this new recycling process will be assessed. When proven to be successful, the process will be further rolled out with additional commercial plants in other countries throughout Europe.


Abstract : This paper presents authority patterns as one aspect of the framework of a research project in comparative political sociology now being carried out by a group of faculty members and graduate students. After summarizing the concerns, reflections, and previous work out of which the project developed, it states and explains the principal hypotheses that the research is intended to investigate. Subsequent reports on the framework of the project will cover the concepts used in it and the manner in which the concepts have been 'operationalized' to make possible the systematic gathering of pertinent data and the measurements required to evaluate the hypotheses.


We study Josephson junctions with weak links consisting of two parallel disordered arms with magnetic properties: ferromagnetic, half-metallic, or normal with magnetic impurities. In the case of long links, the Josephson effect is dominated by mesoscopic fluctuations. In this regime, the system realizes a ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$ junction with sample-specific ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$ and critical current. Cooper pair splitting between the two arms plays a major role and leads to $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{0}$ periodicity of the current as a function of flux between the arms. We calculate the current and its flux and polarization dependence for the three types of magnetic links.