interpretation or production, point by point—not era by era, critic by critic, nor even play by play. It must be emphasized that Professor Carlisle has deliberately chosen this manner of approach, with all its limitations apparently recognized, in order to write the book she wants and, strictly as 'reference,' it is more than a competent achievement, for which all editors should be grateful. But the cover-to-cover reader (to whom the work is in part addressed) may find himself exhausted by the method, not the material, and if the result seems dull, it need not ha>e been. Some minor points: the section on 'General Evaluations' of Othello seems very good to me, as does the discussion of the textual alterations (to the conclusion, especially) ofLear, in the opinions of actor-critics. 'Actorcritics' however is probably a term too liberally used (as Professor Carlisle effectively admits, p . 472): thus a number of personalities more immediately connected with bookselling, editing, producing, directing, and even puffing, are included, if only stage-playing occurs somewhere in their complicated vitas. Very occasionally a failure to recall 'literary' precedents gives too much credit to the theatrical critics: e.g., William Poel (1852-1934) may indeed have been among actors 'the first to point out the theatrical significance of the quartos published during Shakespeare's lifetime... [and] did feel that they should receive more attention than in the past and that they should be collated with First Folio texts' (p. 23), but this scarcely was anything like news to contemporary editors and scholars. Thomas Whately, Elizabeth Montagu, William Richardson, and even Johnson might vie with Dibdin on Hamlet, and John Dover Wilson has certainly carried the discussion of the fencing further than any actor-critic cited here; likewise, Margaret Webster's comments on the Bad Quarto of Hamlet might profitably have been compared with G. I. Duthie's. There is no bibliography, which is a nuisance, and the typographical eccentricity of capitalizing the names of actor-critics (only) the first time (only) that they appear in each sub-section of the chapter will not, I hope, encourage imitation. B O S T O N U N I V E R S I T Y Arthur Freeman


The computer industry is on the verge of an upheaval, due to drastically new hardware and modern computational concepts. Read-only memories which operate near 0.1 microseconds are available, while large-scale integration (LSI) offers the promise of inexpensive, batch fabricated processing of logic and storage elements. The problem which confronts the computer designer is how to use these elements in an efficient manner to take full advantage of their speed and flexibility. Many approaches have been proposed, but none have shown a clear solution to the problem. The concept presented in this paper is the result of extensive development activities.


This study investigates the effect of self image, social expectation and celebrity endorsement on the consumption of metrosexuals toward male grooming products in Malaysia. It also attempts to determine the moderating impacts of perceptions on the relationship between the variables and consumption behavior. A questionnaire was distributed to men living in the Klang Valley. The total sample consists of 281 respondents. Reliability test, hierarchical moderated regression and multiple regressions was used to test the hypotheses. Perception does affect the interaction between self image, celebrity endorsement and social expectation on the consumption behavior of metrosexuals toward male grooming products. The result of this study provides evidence and insights about the relationship between self-image, celebrity endorsement and social expectation, and the consumption behavior.: The study reveals the major variables that affect metrosexuals' consumption behavior and attitude toward male grooming products. Apart from that, the study also provides valuable insight toward the understanding on how perception moderates the relationships between the variables studied and its influence on the consumption behavior of metrosexual toward male grooming products.


Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated by an electrodeposition method. The XPS results show Co ions have doped into the ZnO crystal lattices successfully. The as-grown sample has no ferromagnetism at room temperature. But after an ammine plasma treatment the room temperature ferromagnetism were detected on Co0.04Zn0.96O nanoparticles. The Hall measurement reveals after the treatment the resistivity increase by three orders of magnitude. Although the aspect conductivity is n type, some holes generated by N doping play an important role to induce the ferromagnetic properties for Co doped ZnO sample.


Measurements of uranium and plutonium concentra tions obtaine'd with an electron-microprobe analyzer are presented for two EBR-II-irradiated fuel elements fabri cated with low oxygen-to-metal ratios. The data exhibit a small, but significant, decrease in plutonium concentration near the central void in contrast to results from nearly stoi chiometric fuels. These hypo stoichiometric fuels were not previously available for examination, and the present data are intended to supplement results presented in an earlier report by the same authors (ANL-7929).


Robert Jenson's two-volume Systematic Theology is a highly creative and individual synthesis of a number of often divergent strands of contemporary theology. An ecumenical and trinitarian theology, it is also a theology of narrative, hope, and of the word. The main body of this article attempts a sympathetic paraphrase of the argument of this work section by section. In a more critical 'postscript', it is argued that 'word of God' language is appropriate to the bible's twofold canonical structure, and that the appropriation of the beginning, middle and end of the biblical narrative to the first, second and third persons of the trinity respectively results in an undue bias towards eschatology.


Performance of a PV installation depends critically on the modules behaviour. That is the reason why a good estimation of energy production of a PV installation relies not only on the goodness of the module power characterization at standard test conditions, but also on the goodness of the characterisation of the module behaviour related to the variation of irradiance and temperature. So, it is closer to the reality running a simulation exercise of energy production with the actual values measured outdoors than with the values obtained from datasheets. This paper presents a device specifically implemented to measure outdoors the power of modules at standard test conditions, as well as their efficiency variation with irradiance and their temperature coefficients. Results of measurements with this device are also reported.


Word version ACTION REQUIRED May 17, 2016 TO THE ADMINISTRATOR ADDRESSED: Subject:  2015-2016 Interventions Staging for Discipline Data Validation Monitoring The purpose of this letter is to provide districts, including charter schools, with 2015-2016 intervention staging information for dat


PREVIEW The evaluation and management of acute coronary syndrome are undergoing rapid development and change in the United States in an attempt to better define patient risk and guide triage decisions. Here, Dr Rosamond explores the current theories about what pathobiologic factors take part in acute coronary syndrome. He also details the strategies and technology, both available and under development, that can help direct accurate diagnosis and identify patient risk.


Review: Inception and Philosophy: Ideas To Die For Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten, ed. Inception and Philosophy: Ideas to Die For. Chicago: Open Court, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-8126-9733-9


The relevant information of heat trasnfer properties of cooling media required to maintain the heat treatement processes are mostly available in off line sources. Thses data include the cooling curves recorded in quenchnats, predicted Heat Flux or Heat Trasnfer Coefficients and other thermophysical properties. The International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE) initiated a project aiming to collect and share cooling curves acquisited during the quenching processes. The Liquid Quenchant Database is a global project with more the 30 contributors from 14 countries is led by the. The Database of Liquid Quenchants is available on the webpage of the IFHTSE.


Purpose:To study the application of low-dose muhislice spiral CT scanning of lung.Materials and Methods:To perform low-dose multislice spiral CT scanning after having performed routine dose multislice spiral CT scanning in 77 cases that underwent lung ex- amination,then comparison of the quality of the images in these two groups were carried out.Results:Among 77 cases,35 normal cases and 42 abnormal cases were observed by both methods.The manifestation rate of disease signs and normal structures were 45% and 55% by both methods.The quality of the images which gotten from the two groups were excellent.The X dose of low-dose muhislice spiral CT scanning was less then routine dose multislice spiral CT scanning.Conclusion:The low-dose multislice spiral CT was able to provide the same diagnostic and differential diagnostic information and was worth to be spread especially in mass physical examinations and in high-risk group.


The separation of aqueous acetonitrile solution by pressure swing distillation (PSD) was simulated and optimized through Aspen Plus software. The distillation sequence of the low pressure column (LPC) and high pressure column (HPC) was determined with a phase diagram. The pressures of the two columns were set to 1 and 4 atm, respectively. Total annual cost (TAC) was considered as the objective function, and design variables, such as the tray number, the reflux ratio, and the feeding position, were optimized. The optimum process parameters were obtained. For the reduction of energy consumption, the PSD with full-heat integration was designed. The TAC of this method is lower by 32.39% of that of the PSD without heat integration. Therefore, it is more economical to separate acetonitrile and water mixture by PSD with full-heat integration, which provides technical support for the separation design of such azeotropes.


Individualization of radiation doses is presumed to result in better radiotherapy outcome. Success rate in measuring radiosensitivity is probably the most limiting factor for present radiosensitivity assays to be introduced into clinical routine. To find a simpler predictive parameter, we compared the radiosensitivity of dermal fibroblasts and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines established from the same individuals. The radiosensitivity was tested using the clonogenic 96‐well plate assay. The surviving fraction at 2.0 Gy (SF2) was determined, as well as the mean inactivation dose (AUC) of cancer cells. SF2 of SCC cell lines and skin fibroblasts were 0.25–0.44 and 0.11–0.43, respectively. AUC of SCC cells was 1.4–2.1 Gy. Dermal fibroblasts were more radiosensitive than SCC cells in 14 of 15 cases. In 1 patient (UT‐SCC‐8), cancer cells were found to be more radiosensitive than corresponding dermal fibroblasts. There was a clear tendency to a correlation between radiosensitivities of these 2 cell types, but statistical significance was reached only when the data of UT‐SCC‐8 was excluded. In our material, the intrinsic radiosensitivity of head and neck SCC cells could in most cases be predicted from the intrinsic radiosensitivity of dermal fibroblasts established from the same individual. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In 1544, one Francesco Colonna, making his testament in Venice, wrote: 'I recommend to Almighty God my being and my soul, and when it is his pleasure to remove me from this life, I am content; knowing that in this life I can do no good thing, but rather that I shall always offend his majesty. If I have ever said a word or performed a deed that was pleasing to him, I know that I have always been impelled and moved by the Holy Spirit, when I have had any good thought, desire or wish, I have always recognised it to be from him and through his grace alone and whenever I have willed to conduct myself by my blind judgment, presumptive wisdom and diabolical spirit, I have always done the contrary and offended his divine majesty. I leave all, therefore, to God, the Supreme Father … and should he wish to take away all that he has given me, there would remain my sins alone, for these sins are mine and all other things are his; if I go with these sins before God, I am damned, if I wish to make satisfaction, I cannot. Indeed there is no saint who can take my sins for his and satisfy and placate the wrath of God, nor is there anyone who can do so save Jesus Christ. To him, therefore, I leave all my wretched thoughts, desires and acts and all my sins, past, present and future. I make a bundle of them and give them to Jesus Christ my Lord, with the certain faith and constant hope that he will, out of sublime charity, accept them for his.'


The speci c absorption rate (SAR) is a limiting factor in higheld MR. SAR estimation is typically performed by numerical simulations using generic human body models. However, SAR concepts for single-channel RF transmission cannot be directly applied for multi-channel systems. In this study, a novel and comprehensive SAR prediction concept for parallel RF transmission MRI is presented, based on pre-calculated B1 and electric elds obtained from EM simulations of multiple numerical body models. The application of so-called Q-matrices and further computational optimizations allow for real-time SAR prediction prior to scanning. This SAR prediction concept was fully integrated into an 8-channel whole body MRI system and facilitates selection of di erent body models and body positions. Experimental validation of the global SAR in phantoms showed good qualitative and quantitative agreement. Also an initial in vivo validation showed good qualitative agreement between simulated and measured B1. The feasibility and practicability of this SAR prediction concept was shown, paving the way for safe parallel RF transmission in higheld MR.


Nectins and nectin‐like molecules (Necls) are immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecules that constitute families containing four and five members, respectively. All members, except for Necl‐5, trans‐interact homophilically. Furthermore, all members, including Necl‐5, trans‐interact heterophilically with their respective specific partners among the members. Necl‐5 regulates cell movement and proliferation cooperatively with integrin αvβ3 and growth factor receptors. Nectins function as cell‐cell adhesion molecules at a variety of cell‐cell junctions, including adherens junctions, and regulate the initial step of cell‐cell junction formation. Nectins and integrin αvβ3 are further involved in the cross‐talk between cell‐matrix and cell‐cell junctions. Thus, both nectin and Necl family members play important roles in fundamental cellular functions, including cell adhesion, polarization, movement, and proliferation. iubmb Life, 58: 334‐343, 2006


Introduction : Although listeriosis can occur in healthy adults and children, the most commonly affected populations include pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and those persons who are immunosuppressed by medications or illness. The high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in foods in general, together with a high fatality rate of listeriosis suggests that L. monocytogenes represents an important hazard to human health.
Purpose : The occurrence, spread, growth and survival of L. monocytogenes in foods and food environments has to be controlled. Therefore, a risk based sampling plan for the verification of the Food Safety Management System (FSMS) towards L. monocytogenes was developed and elaborated for a hospital Food Service Operation (FSO).
Methods : First the classification of all used food types in various food categories, with similar microbiological ecology towards L. monocytogenes took place. Next a score system based on i) the reported epidemiological association of the food type with listeriosis outbreaks, ii) the reported prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the food types, and iii) the potential of L. monocytogenes to grow or survive during storage and/or further processing, was set up and through summation of the attributed scores, a minimum score of zero (low risk) and a maximum score of nine (high risk) could be obtained. A similar methodology was applied to identify critical sampling locations in the environment where L. monocytogenes is possibly present.
Results : The attribution of risks to the defined food categories and critical sampling locations was the basis for selection of food types and environmental samples to be taken up in the sampling plan. Seven food products (n=49) and none of the environmental samples (n=145) were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes.
Significance : The developed sampling plan can be used to improve the food safety output of the current FSMS, i.e. to control L. monocyogenes, in the FSO.


In article features of maintenance of unity of a network of tourist transnational corporation are revealed, the network structure of tourist transnational corporation is considered, directions of network interaction of tourist corporation and external institutes are offered.


California, like many states, is making an effort to engineer high-quality teaching by implementing policies at every juncture of the teacher's professional life: from preparation programs to recruitment, from licensure to retirement. For each key policy area, this report addresses three questions: 1. What policies has California enacted? 2. What policies have other states enacted? 3. What is known about the effects of these policies on teacher quality or student outcomes?


Critical computing approaches to K-12 computer science education aim to promote justice in computing and the wider world. Despite being intertwined with inequitable power dynamics in computing, issues of linguistic (in)justice have received less attention in critical computing. In this article, I draw on theoretical ideas from sociolinguistics and critical computing to analyze qualitative data collected in computing and technology-integrated language and humanities classes serving emergent bi/multilingual middle school students. Conversations about language, technology, and power were close at hand in focal classrooms, and surfaced in moments when students acted as users and critics of, and tinkerers with, digital tools. Students exercised agency in relation to both technology and language—using their budding understandings of language to question digital tools, and their engagements with tools to challenge traditional language ideologies. I build on past scholarship and the findings of this analysis to argue for the development of critical translingual computing education—an approach that would engage especially language-minoritized students in critical computing to build on and affirm their language practices and promote linguistic justice in computer science education, fields, and tools.


The author is probe into the importance of honest-ness and trustworthiness in morality training for the university students,set forth the reasons which the university students are short of honest-ness and trustworthiness morality,and suggest that colleges and universities attach importance to train the students' honest-ness and trustworthiness.


The successful use of Linac-based radiosurgery for patients with medication refractory trigeminal neuralgia is reported. Since August 2000, 16 patients with medication refractory, idiopathic trigemina


This paper documents changing patterns of concentrated poverty in nonmetro areas. Data from the Decennial U.S. Census Summary Files show that poverty rates--both overall and for children--declined more rapidly in nonmetro than metro counties in the 1990s. The 1990s also brought large reductions in the number of high-poverty nonmetro counties and declines in the share of rural people, including rural poor people, who were living in them. This suggests that America's rural pockets of poverty may be "drying up" and that spatial inequality in nonmetro America declined over the 1990s, at least at the county level. On a less optimistic note, concentrated poverty among rural minorities remains exceptionally high. Roughly one-half of all rural blacks and one-third of rural Hispanics live in poor counties. Poor minorities are even more highly concentrated in poor areas. Rural children--especially rural minority children--have poverty rates well above national and nonmetro rates, the concentration of rural minority children is often extreme (i.e., over 80% lived in high-poverty counties), and the number of nonmetro counties with high levels of persistent child poverty remains high (over 600 counties). Rural poor children may be more disadvantaged than ever, especially if measured by their lack of access to opportunities and divergence with children living elsewhere. Patterns of poverty among rural children--who often grow up to be poor adults-- suggest that recent declines in concentrated rural poverty may be short-lived. Language: en


A climate crisis is inevitable unless all countries limit carbon emissions in the near future. This will only happen if low-carbon technologies become cost competitive, because subsidies for clean technology cannot sustain it in the long term. Success will require focusing on strategic investments that create a market cost advantage for clean power. This paper focuses on a leading investment candidate, solar thermal or concentrating solar power (CSP), a technology that uses direct sunlight and mirrors for chilling requirements. Under adequate conditions, solar and solar-assisted air conditioning systems can be reasonable alternatives to conventional air conditioning systems. Such systems have advantages over those that use problematic coolants (CFCs), not to mention the incidental CO2 emissions that are taking on increasingly critical values. Cooling consumes between 20-30% of the electricity produced in India. Oil industry typically has a very high air-conditioning load, given its spread in varied geographical locations and sophisticated instrumentation and control systems. Against this backdrop, a study was undertaken for using solar thermal absorption cooling systems in select installations at Jaisalmer Forward Base, ONGC. This paper presents the possibilities and technology of solar air conditioning and will also cover the results of an initial assessment. The following factors may position solar thermal absorption cooling systems as a competitive alternative to conventional electric driven air conditioning: • Recent technology advances have occurred in concentrating solar thermal direct flow vacuum tube-type collectors. • Increasing electricity rates. • Use of renewable energy powered cooling systems can lead to lower electric demand and reduced power plant emissions. • CDM benefits Initial assessment results show that solar thermal cooling systems are feasible in areas with a confluence of high solar insolation, high cooling demand, and high electric rates, achieving payback of less than 8 years.


We establish several recurrence relations and an explicit formula for V(n), the number of factorizations of the length-n prefix of the Fibonacci word into a (not necessarily strictly) decreasing sequence of standard Fibonacci words. In particular, we show that the sequence V(n) is the shuffle of the ceilings of two linear functions of n.


Abstract Experimental investigation of the effect of temperature and two inorganic salts (KCl and NaCl) on the adsorption of phenol from dilute (10–200 mg/dm3) multicomponent systems onto activated carbon was studied. Focusing on the adsorption of phenol, all combinations of phenol with two other aromatic organic components, (1,4-dihydroxybenzene and 4-amino, 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid-sodium salt) in aqueous solutions were considered. Equilibrium isotherms at three different temperatures (30, 40, and 55°C) were generated. The adsorption of phenol from binary and ternary as well as from single aqueous systems increases with decreasing temperature, as expected of physical adsorption. Effects of KCl and NaCl salts at a concentration of 0.05 M at 30°C were also investigated. The adsorption of phenol from bisolute and trisolute systems slightly decreases by adding either of the salts.


It is the objective to simulate spacecraft dynamic environment rightly in vibration tests that are used to examine the capability of spacecraft structure.In this paper,the method of force limited vibration test is introduced,which is to limit the force at interface between load and fixture during vibration test controlled by acceleration.The method of acceleration response limiting is discussed in this paper.


In order to put the new energy-saving enclosing walls with slotted steel studs into application in China,a finite element analysis on their bending behaviours was carried out with ABAQUS.The analysis results were compared with the experimental ones to verify the reliability of the finite element model and the analysis method.With this model,the bending behaviours of light-gauge slotted steel stud enclosing walls with window holes was analysed to determine their stiffness,failure modes,and stress states when subjected to wind loading.A comparative study was carried out to investigate the influence of the window holes on the bending behaviours of the walls.Analysis results indicate that the walls subjected to distributed wind loading will fail due to the shear buckling at the end of the steel stud next to the window hole.This new enclosing wall with a web height of 150 mm can meet the wind resistance requirement for buildings with a height less than 50 m in most areas of China.


Remarkable progress has been achieved for salient object detection based on deep learning. However, most of the previous works have the issues of how to extract more effective information from scale-varying data and how to improve the boundary quality. In this paper, we propose the multi-scale graph convolutional interaction network (MGCINet), which consists of the feature interaction module (FIM), the feature aggregation module (FAM), and the residual refinement module (RRM). FIMs fuse interactive features from neighboring scales. Based on two-layers graph convolutional network, FAMs aggregate scale-specific information by graph nodes interaction. RRMs optimize the coarse saliency maps with blurred boundaries by U-net residual blocks. In addition, we propose multi-scale weighted structural loss to assign different weights to pixels while focusing on image structure at various scales. Experiments show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts on five benchmark datasets under different evaluation metrics.


The article describes work experience in an organization of military training and patriotic upbringing of children, adolescents and young people in the 70-year anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War in Khabarovsk and Khabarovsk Kray. The work of children and youth associations which provide training for service in the Army and preserve nice patriotic traditions is shown.


The object of this study was determination of the content and composition of the essential oil of the fruits of three varieties of stalk celery - Hellos, Zefir, and Orient. We also investigated hexane extracts obtained from the fruits of two varieties of stalk celery - Hellos and Zefir. The essential oils and the extracts were examined by TLC and GC-MS. Analysis showed the presence of terpene (mono- and sesquiterpene) and non-terpene (phthalide) fractions in the oils and extracts investigated. The combined amount of limonene, α- and β-pinene and myrcene in the monoterpene fraction of the essential oils ranged from 79.1 to 82.9%. The amount of the sesquiterpene fraction (α-and β-selinene) was from 15.7% to 18.8%. The phthalide fraction (3-n-butylphthalide, dehydrosedanolide, and sedanolide) was found in trace amounts. The amounts of these fractions in the hexane extracts ranged from 40.2 to 43.6% for the monoterpene fraction, from 19.4 to 20.7% for the sesquiterpene fraction, and from 35.7 to 37.7% for the phthalide fraction.


In this paper we investigate the possibility of studying $B\to \pi$ form factor using the semi-inclusive decays $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ + X_q$. In general $B\to PX$ semi-inclusive decays involve several hadronic parameters. But for $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ X_q$ decays we find that in the factorization approximation, the only unknown hadronic parameters are the form factors $F^{B\to \pi}_{0,1}$. Therefore these form factors can be studied in $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ X_q$ decays. Using theoretical model calculations for the form factors the branching ratios for $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ X_d(\Delta S = 0) $ and $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ X_s (\Delta S = -1)$, with the cut $E_{\pi} > 2.1$ GeV, are estimated to be in the ranges of $(3.1\sim 4.9) \times 10^{-5}(F^{B\to \pi}_1(0)/0.33)^2$ and $(2.5\sim 4.2)\times 10^{-5}(F_1^{B\to \pi}(0)/0.33)^2$, respectively, depending on the value of $\gamma$. The combined branching ratio for $\bar B^0 \to \pi^+ (X_d+ X_s)$ is about $7.4\times 10^{-5} (F^{B\to \pi}_1(0)/0.33)^2$ and is insensitive to $\gamma$. We also discuss CP asymmetries in these decay modes.


In this article, we consider extremum seeking problems for a general class of nonlinear dynamic control systems. The main result of the article is a broad family of control laws which optimize the steady‐state performance of the system. We prove practical asymptotic stability of the optimal steady‐state and, moreover, propose sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov. The results generalize and extend existing results which are based on Lie bracket approximations. In particular, our approach does not rely on singular perturbation theory, as commonly used in extremum seeking of nonlinear dynamic systems.


We have recently postulated that the initial step in synaptic failure induced by Aβ is the consequence of membrane-pore formation, similar to those produced by other membrane acting compounds. Here, we compare the properties of Aβ and gramicidin, a classical pore forming peptide, with the aim of identifying common functional and structural features that may influence Ab toxicity. Both peptides formed β-sheet structures, as detected by staining with Thioflavin S. Interestingly, electron microscopy showed that gramicidin in aqueous solution was able to form fibrillar complexes resembling Aβ aggregates. Using perforated patch clamp recordings, we found that Aβ and gramicidin have pore-forming properties in neuronal membranes. On the other hand, unlike Aβ, gramicidin perforations displayed similar ion selectivity at 15 and 30 min of exposure, suggesting a more stable perforation than Aβ. Aβ perforations, on the other hand, displayed more complex selectivity supporting the late formation of a non-selective pore. For example, combined patch clamp-image recordings using pipettes filled with ethidium bromide showed that this large molecule was able to enter into the neuron in parallel with the increase in membrane conductance supporting the existence of a large perforation induced by Ab.


The investigation of a Late Bronze Age occupation layer on the banks of the Thames below Wallingford, on a number of occasions since 1949, has yielded an assemblage of Late Bronze Age pottery, flints, small finds including metalwork, and animal bones. The environment of the site, and the sequence of alluviation, have been elucidated by molluscan analysis.The precise character of the settlement is unknown, but it can be compared with other British later Bronze Age settlements in respect of both its riverside location and the presence of a 'midden' deposit. The site bears directly on the question of riverine finds of Bronze Age metalwork; it is concluded that settlement erosion does not account for much of this material. The site is one of the few Late Bronze Age settlements to have been indentified in the Upper Thames Valley, and represents an early phase in the Iron Age settlement sequence of this area.


Abstract : The equations of motion describing the longitudinal stability characteristics of an uncontrolled tandem hydrofoil system in smooth water with three degrees of freedom are developed. The stability derivatives in the equations are evaluated on the basis of theoretical hydrodynamic formulas, thereby eliminating the necessity of their experimental determination. Comparison of the notions obtained from solutions of the equations with those determined from previous experimental stability tests indicate a duplication of the motion experienced in the tank tests. Variations in the location of the longitudinal center-of-gravity position are shown to lead the different types of motion, which is in agreement with the results of standard aircraft stability analyses. The additional degree of freedom in longitudinal surging is found to indicate a decrease in stability. This mode of motion is of great importance, however, for a study of stability in waves where the waves cause variations in the forward speed. The equations developed in this report may be extended to studies of motion in waves and controlled motion in incorporating the forces and moments due to wave motion and the dynamics of the control system in the equations. By assuming the resultant system of equations to be linear, the analysis may be performed by using the Laplace transform technique in the same manner as was done in the present study.


Information on the energy needs of agricultural production activities carried out in any region can be obtained in advance. Many methods are used for this purpose. One of them is a degree-hour method. Kumluca district of Antalya province where pepper cultivation is done intensively was chosen as a study area. The growers prefer autumn production of pepper plants inside the greenhouses in this region. Production starts in early October and last until June. The long-term (1960 – 2015) thermometer temperatures in the study area were obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service. In this study, by using only meteorological data, during each growing season (planting, flowering, pollination, fruit ripening and harvesting) were obtained degree-hour values for the pepper plant and evaluated with Student-t test. Regression coefficients were obtained by correlating heating and cooling degree-hour values with different temperature values which are recommended during the vegetative growing season for the pepper plant. Regression analysis was performed between obtaining heating and cooling degree-hour values (dependent variable) and annual mean heating and cooling degree hour values (independent variable) which are suggested basic temperature values. In conclusion, the regression coefficients were determined as 0.99 for out of greenhouse heating degree-hour and as 0.90-0.99 for cooling degree-hour, respectively. Heating and cooling-hour values were found between 0.96-0.88 and 0.990.87, respectively. It was determined that there are very high correlations


We analyze spin-dependent transport through a quantum ring coupled to two ferromagnetic leads, whose magnetic moments lie in a common plane and form an arbitrary angle with respect to each other. The Rashba spin-orbit (RSO) interaction existed in the ring arms is taken into consideration. We calculate the linear conductance in terms of the Green's functions method based on the equation of motion technique. It is found that due to the quantum interference effect arising from the RSO-induced spin precession phase factor, the conductance is greatly suppressed when the Fermi energy is aligned to the on-site energies of the ring, where the spin polarization and the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) have their maximums. The conductance, spin polarization, and the TMR are monotonously tuned by the relative angle of the leads' magnetization directions, which shows the typical spin-valve effect. We pay special attention on the situation when one magnetic lead is polarized along z axis while the other one is pointing ...


Consider the sample covariance matrix Ĉ = 1 nXX T from some data X 2 Rp⇥n composed of n i.i.d. xi ⇠ N (0,C) with positive definite C 2 Rp⇥p. In this zero-mean Gaussian setting, the sample covariance Ĉ, despite being the maximum likelihood estimator of the population covariance C and providing entry-wise consistent estimate for it, is an extremely poor estimator of C in a spectral norm sense, for n, p large. More precisely, kĈ Ck 6! 0 as n, p ! 1 with p/n ! c 2 (0,1). Indeed, one has kĈ Ck/kCk ⇡ 20%, even with n = 100p, in the simple C = Ip setting. Figure 6 compares the eigenvalue histogram of Ĉ with the population eigenvalue of C, in the setting of C = Ip and n = 100p. In the C = Ip case, the limiting eigenvalue distribution of Ĉ as n, p ! 1 is known to be the popular Marc̆enko-Pastur law [31] given by


In the industry, Zn galvanizing on the steel using the principle of sacrificial anode is used. The steel have some problem, specially corrosion problem. To solve corrosion problem, Zn-Mn alloy plating has been studied as one of the measures to increase the corrosion resistance rather than pure zinc plating. It is possible to be applied to automotive parts requiring high corrosion resistance even though the plating cost is high. In this study, Zn-Mn alloys were electrodeposited from an acidic chloride bath. The influence of the electrolytic conditions on the composition of the alloy plating in the chloride bath was investigated. As the current density of the cathode increases, Zn content of electrodeposit decrease and Mn content of electrodeposit increase. As the temperature of the electrolyte increases, Zn content of electrodeposit decrease and Mn content of electrodeposit increase. The results are explained by the cathode overvoltage curve of Mn and Zn.


Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP3 file: "Special Topics: The Business of Tourism in China." Ronald G. Knapp, who has travelled extensively in China and is a scholar of Chinese vernacular architecture, discusses the growth of tourism in China. Domestic tourism in particular is booming in China.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore whether general practitioners (GPs) experienced barriers toward medication reviews in polymedicated, multimorbid patients, and how a clinical pharmacologist with a focus on pharmacotherapy can support the GPs in an outpatient clinic. Design: The study was descriptive and exploratory and had a qualitative design with a phenomenological/hermeneutic orientation for the interviews. Participants: The study comprised 14 interviews with 14 different GPs from the Capital Region of Denmark. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) The care of patients With polypharmacy is challenged by the lack of professional dialogue and collaboration between GPs and hospital-based clinical pharmacologists, (2) the relationship between the patients with polypharmacy and the GP is characterized by care and individual considerations, and (3) the culture encourages adding medication and inhibits dialogue about medication withdrawal even for patients with polypharmacy. Conclusion and implications for practice: This study found that the primary barriers toward multimorbid patients with polypharmacy were the need for communication and teamwork with specialists (cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists, etc). Often, GPs felt that the specialists at the hospitals were more concerned about following standards and guidelines regarding specific diseases instead of a more holistic patient approach. To improve management of polypharmacy patients, the GPs suggest that a joint force is necessary, a partner-like relationship with greater transparency regarding information transfer, feedback, and shared decision-making, but also more education in the pharmacological field is essential.


We provide evidence that unemployment insurance affects equilibrium conditions in the labor market, which creates significant "market externalities." We provide a framework for identification of such equilibrium effects and implement it using the Regional Extension Benefit Program (REBP) in Austria which extended the duration of UI benefits for a large group of eligible workers in selected regions of Austria. We show that non-eligible workers in REBP regions have higher job finding rates, lower unemployment durations, and a lower risk of long-term unemployment. We discuss the implications of our results for optimal UI policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131273 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-122795 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Lalive, Rafael; Landais, Camille; Zweimüller, Josef (2015). Market externalities of large unemployment insurance extension programs. American Economic Review, 105(12):3564-3596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131273 Online appendix "Market Externalities of Large Unemployment Insurance Extension Programs" by Lalive, Landais & Zweimuller Not for publication


Because they have the ability to approximate any nonlinear system with randomly given concision, neural networks are used to approximate the inversion model. The pseudo-linear system has been synthesized by self-adaptive control where a RBF neural network has been applied to approximate the forward model and another network to compensate on line the errors from inversion approximation and forward model identification. The training rule for setting weight has been presented and the simulation results show that the proposed approach is satisfactory.


The manipulation of the spin of charge carriers in semiconductors, spintronics, has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In the paradigmatic Datta-Das spin transistor, 1 the spin of the electron passing through the device is controlled by the Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction, 2 which in turn can be varied by the application of gate voltages. The Rashba interaction stems from the structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) introduced by a heterojunction or by surface or external fields. In semiconductors with narrower energy gap (InGaAs, AlGaAs), this effect is expected to be stronger. It has been shown experimentally that the Rashba spin-orbit interaction can be modified up to 50% by external gate voltages. 3,4 In addition to the Rashba coupling there is also a material-intrinsic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction. This originates from the bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) of the crystal, and can be relatively large in semiconductors like InSb/InAlSb. 5


The present invention relates to a method for controlling a hybrid system of hydrogen cracking methanol engine based on waste heat recovery, the method will work vehicle running state is divided into nine modes: (1) activated state; (2) an idling stop state; (3) start state; (4) a small load condition (5); in the load state; (6) a large load; (7) rapid acceleration state; (8) a rapid deceleration state; (9) the state of the parking stall. This method enables the hybrid system in the best economic zone, the engine waste heat recovering sufficiently improve the utilization of energy, reducing fuel consumption and reduced emissions of the engine, thereby achieving the energy saving purpose.


Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is known to exhibit significant recovery upon removal of the gate voltage. The process dependence of this recovery behavior is studied by using the time slope (n) as the monitor. We observe a systematic variation of n with oxide thickness, nitrogen concentration, and fluorine implantation. Incorporation of the material dependence of the diffusivity within the reaction-diffusion (R-D) framework captures the observed trends. The consequences of this modification are (a) diffusion limitation is shown to arise from diffusion in poly-Si, rather than oxide, (b) a plausible explanation for low-voltage stress induced leakage current (LV-SILC) naturally appears. Important findings are (a) NBTI degradation remains significant at high frequencies, (b) numerical simulations at moderate frequencies can be used to predict circuit impact in the GHz regime, (c) high frequency operation can be modeled as a lower effective DC stress


The aim of this study was to determine if learned helplessness, cognitive distortions, and self-efficacy would predict depression in a sample of eighty patients with multiple scle rosis (MS). Results indicated that depression was significantly related to higher scores on measures of learned helplessness and cognitive distortions, and lower scores on a measure of perceived self-efficacy. Significant correlations were also found between help lessness, cognitive distortions, and self-efficacy. However, depression was not signifi cantly related to disability or disease activity in this sample. When helplessness, cog nitive distortions, and self-efficacy were examined simultaneously in a multiple regression analysis, only helplessness predicted depression after controlling for demo graphic and disease-related variables. Cognitive distortions and self-efficacy did not have an independent effect. Implications of these findings, including issues for future research and treatment, were discussed. Key Words: Multiple sclerosis—Depression—Leamed helplessness—Cognitive distortions—Self-efficacy.


Abstract. Montel mirror coated by laterally graded multilayer is a key two-dimensional collimating optics for x-ray analysis instrument. To provide guidance for the fabrication, the collimation property of a W/Si multilayer Montel mirror with parabolic shape is simulated systematically by a ray-tracing program. The influence of different source sizes, multilayer reflection bandwidth, mirror-detector distance, figure errors, and the assembly errors on the collimation performance is simulated. The mechanism for the change of divergence angle, collimation efficiency, beam uniformity, and so on is analyzed. Based on the results, the optimum mirror structure and the tolerance for fabrication and assembly errors were estimated for a high-performance x-ray Montel mirror.


Two intermetalloid Matryoshka cluster anions [Sb@Pd12@Sb20]3-,4- obtained from the reaction of KSb and Pd(PPh3)4 were isolated as [K(2,2,2-cryptand)]+ and [K(18-crown-6)]+ salt, respectively, and characterized by X-ray crystallography, EPR measurement and DFT theoretical calculations.


AbstractMethanol root extract of Mikania cordata (Burm., B.L. Robinson) was evaluated for its possible adaptogenic or anti-stress activity against a variety of stress-induced effects in albino mice. Pretreat-ment with the extract (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the survival time of swimming mice, improved swimming performance in adrenalectomized mice, prevented stress-induced adrenal function changes and showed a greater tolerance against hypoxic stress. Milk-induced leucocytosis and stress-induced gastric ulceration were also inhibited significantly upon pretreatment with the extract. The dose-dependent results of this study clearly indicated the antistress response of the plant extract in the experimental animal model which may be attributed to the possible modulation of central neurohumoral and enzymatic changes caused by stressful situations.


This talk will cover a systematic study of highly enhanced optical field and its induced thermal transport in nanotips under laser irradiation. Microscale resolution is achieved for temperature probing and spatially resolved temperature response.


Presented as part of the roundtable session: Medium Matters: Connecting Research and Practice in Print and Digital ReadingNational Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention, Baltimore, MD


Abstract The possibility of seeding other planets with life poses a tricky dilemma. On the one hand, directed panspermia might be extremely good, while, on the other, it might be extremely bad depending on what factors are taken into consideration. Therefore, we need to understand better what is ethically at stake with planetary seeding. I map out possible conditions under which humanity should spread life to other solar systems. I identify two key variables that affect the desirability of propagating life throughout the galaxy. The first is axiological and depends on which value theory in environmental ethics is correct. The second is empirical and depends on whether life is common or not in our region of the universe. I also consider two ethical objections to an interplanetary life-seeding mission: the risk of interfering with indigenous life and the risk of increasing suffering in our galaxy.


Book Reviewed : SEAN D. W. LAFFERTY, LAW AND SOCIETY IN THE AGE OF THEODERIC THE GREAT: A STUDY OF THE 'EDICTUM THEODERICI' (CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2013), 341 pp. ISBN: 9781107028340.


Asphaltenes from an atmospheric residue of heavy crude were precipitated with n-heptane. Part of the isolated asphaltenes was washed under Soxhlet reflux to remove adsorbed maltenes. Comparison among washed and unwashed asphaltenes was carried out and both samples were characterized by atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry.


The analysis of the theoretical material revealed the lack of consensus on defini-tion of the tax stimulation of innovation-active business entities within the re-gional taxation. The definition tax stimulation of innovation-active business en-tities is specified.


Globalization trends of culture, the idea of multiculturalism, bringing and acceptance of foreign elements into the culture, open coquetry of the "West" with culture and arts of the "East", eclecticism, but also paradoxical what happened to be the fate of modern art after postmodern deconstruction of the meaning (including also the sense of Art) and the reduction of his function to ability to serve in variable updating roles towards individual and society, is 46 years after the release of books Asphyxiating Culture repeatedly bringing me to read and review it. The topic, therefore, is to examine the validity of Dubuffet appeal, its insertion into the broader context of the forms of "dehumanization" of art, but also review of the reference just in the context of relations culture - art. New search respectively the determination of periphery in arts and culture should besides unfinished theme energizing academic debate of last years, if not decades, thus defining theme of Art (it defines itself not only its center, but also its periphery), can and should briefly look at the issue of the institutionalization of art; the relationship of artistic production and its cultural context, which is not transferable; "foucaultian" power of discourse established by culture; extremely interesting affinity of art and advertising; aestheticism of culture; enforcement of discontinuity issues and pluralism as in the thought (philosophy, and culture in general) also within the artistic creation, namely for topics that Dubuffet advises and argumentations plays. Nearly half a century after his call and its final words -"therefore, our artistic production, which is not subjected to a thorough critique of culture and effectively not reveals the futility and absurdity, is no refuge for us" - we need to talk about our accountability. Dubuffet today.


This study aims to analyze the partial effect of the Current Ratio (CR), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on firm value (PBV). Analyzing the simultaneous effect of the Current Ratio (CR), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on firm value (PBV) in property, real estate, and building construction companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study were all property, real estate, and building construction sector companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2017. In comparison, the sample of this study was determined by purposive sampling to obtain 19 sample companies. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 5%, the results of this study conclude, simultaneously, Current Ratio (CR), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) have a significant effect on firm value (PBV). Partially Current Ratio (CR) and the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) have a significant effect on firm value (PBV). While the variable Operating Profit Margin (OPM) partially has no significant effect on firm value (PBV).


Purpose: To analyze the efficacy of novel technique of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and complicated cataract surgery that combines phacoemulsification and modified stainless steel Glaucoma Filtration Device implantation. Methods: 34 patients (38 eyes) with POAG and complicated cataract were included in the study. Phacoemulsification with Glaucoma Filtration Device implantation using improved technique (i.e., with additional collagen glaucoma drainage implantation and posterior scleral implantation) was performed. Results: Following phacoemulsification with Glaucoma Filtration Device implantation using modified technique, IOP was decreased by 43 % in a month and remains stable in a year while visual acuity improved almost 5 times in a year. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with Glaucoma Filtration Device implantation using modified technique provides adequate IOP reduction and highest possible functional results in early and late post-op period.


In eukaryotic cells, Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the type of short chain non-coding RNA molecules, which interconnect with PIWI proteins. It performs various cellular and genetic functions such as gene-specific protein translation, expression regulation, maintenance, and formulation of germ cells. Seeing the prominent contribution of piRNA in eukaryotic organism cells, many attempts were made to identify it computationally, however, unsatisfactory results were obtained. So, it is requisite to extend the concept of a computational tool in such a way that accurately represents piRNA. In this regard, intelligent and high discriminative deep learning i.e., the convolutional neural network based sequential-computational model known as "piRNA-CNN" is carried out for the prediction of piRNA. RNA sequences are mathematically expressed using the natural language processing method namely: word2vec in order to get prominent, relevant, and high variated numerical descriptors. The proposed "piRNA-CNN" model yields an accuracy of 93.83% for the first-layer in which the provided query RNA molecule is predicted as non-piRNA or piRNA. In case of the piRNA, the proposed model identified the query as mRNA deadenylation or without deadenylation in the second layer, and achieved 91.19% of accuracy. The obtained outcomes authenticated that the piRNA-CNN model exposed substantial results matched to the current tools stated in the literature, so far. It is further expected that the suggested predictive tool will assist scientists and researchers to design improved computational tools.


The Martius flap procedure is a surgical procedure used to treat obstetric fistulas in women. Heinrich Martius developed the procedure in twentieth century Germany to treat women with urinary incontinence caused by stress, and later doctors used it to repair obstetric fistulas. Fistulas occur in pregnant women when a hole is torn between the vagina [3] and the urinary tract (called vesicovaginal) or the vagina [3] and the rectum (called rectovaginal). The hole, or fistula, occurs in the tissue separating two organs and therefore obstetric fistulas result in either urinary or fecal incontinence. Fistulas can occur due to surgery, injury, or chemotherapy, but they most commonly occur in pregnant women who experience prolonged labor and do not have adequate access to obstetric care. As a result of the Martius flap procedure, patients regain functional use of their vaginas without continued urinary or fecal incontinence. The Martius flap procedure supplemented the fistula repair surgery developed by James Marion Sims [4] . Working in Montgomery, Alabama, Sims operated on black slave women between 1845 and 1849. He was the first doctor to repair vesicovaginal fistulas in women during the nineteenth century. In his method, he first used a speculum to open the vaginal canal and locate the fistula, and then he applied silver wire sutures to repair the fistula. In the 1920s, Heinrich Martius expanded on Sims's work while at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany. Martius described his technique in the 1928 article "Die operative Wiederherstellung der collkommen fehlenden Harnrohare und des Schliessmuskels derselben" (The surgical restoration of the completely missing urinary sphincter and urethra). He published two subsequent articles, one in 1932 and another in 1942. In his 1928 description of the technique, Martius described how to use the muscles which serve to constrict the vagina [


The studies on the mechanisms of histological development and reserve substance accumulation of endosperm in rice are absolutely necessary not only for the analysis of ripening mechanism but also for the fundamental investigation on rice quality, especially on eating quality. Many researches have been made on the development of rice kernel, attaching importance to embryogenesis from the standpoint of genetics 01· breeding. The morphogenesis of endosperm has been elucidated to a considerable extent by the studies on early developmental process'>, differentiation of aleuron layer'·' and starch-cell tissue>, But more detailed histological studies are now needed according to the recent development of ripening physiology and quality research. The outline of the author's recent study on the morphogenesis of endosperm in rice shall be described in detail as far as possible-12>.


In this paper, an economic order quantity model for items which deteriorate and expire with time has been developed. The holding cost has been assumed to be a linear function of time, whereas demand has been considered as a function of expiry date and selling price. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The model so developed has been discussed for two cases of partial backlogging: 1) backlogging rate is taken to be constant; 2) backlogging rate depends upon waiting time. A numerical example given here illustrates each case. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyse the behaviour of the model.


The new curriculum reform requres that teachers should notice cultivating students' innovative ability in mathematics teaching through creating teaching atmosphere,stimulating students' innovation spirit and optimizing teaching process.


Damage mechanism and model designing for pipe crossing fault are the hot spot in lifeline engineering all the time.Current fault resistance analysis methods for buried pipelines have their merits and at the same time they also have defects.In the spring-pipeline-soil model,the soil near the fault is modeled by solid,the interaction between the soil and the pipe is modeled by contact,and the soil far away from the fault is modeled by equivalent nonlinearity springs.In finite element analysis,material nonlinearity and geometrical nonlinearity of pipelines is considered,and for the pipelines 4 node shell element is adopted.The result of codes are more different from finite element analysis result.Advises are proposed to start experimental study and develop codes after experimental testifying.


WhatsApp application is used by people for communication through private and group messaging, as well as video calling. WhatsApp chats consist of various kinds of conversations held among groups of people. This chat consists of various topics. Irrespective of whichever topic the conversation is based on, our developed code can be applied to obtain a better understanding of the data. The proposed system aims to provide an in-depth analysis of this data which is provided by WhatsApp chats. We explore and find various insights from the group chat active users, frequently used words, and top-used emojis. Many other interesting insights have also been found and results are represented as graphs. The proposed system also aims to perform behavioural analysis of the top users of a group chat. It categorizes the messages into 7 emotions- joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, shame and guilt. This is done using a Machine Learning classifier, LinearSVC Classifier where a dataset is trained and tested later. A dashboard is developed for better user interface and visualization using graphs.


Abstract: In today's dynamic work environment, where skills and competencies are the key drivers of success, it is crucial to have an effective skill verification system. Traditional methods of verifying skills and competencies can be time-consuming, cumbersome, and often lack transparency. A blockchain-based skill verification system can provide a secure, transparent, and decentralized platform to record and verify an employee's skills, experience, learning goal progress, and competency level. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the benefits of using blockchain technology for skill verification, the challenges associated with implementing such a system, and the potential future scope of this project.


Robotic surgery represents the newest minimally invasive technology available to reduce the impact of surgery and provides unique benefits in pelvic access of the technically challenging colorectal resections. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and clinical outcomes of robotic resections at our trust.

 A series of 106 consecutive patients who underwent robotic surgery between October 2020 and January 2021 was analyzed retrospectively in terms of demographics, perioperative and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Patients divided in three groups: colorectal cancer (CRC), IBD and diverticular disease.

 Seventy-four patients underwent robotic resection due to CRC. Fifty-two per cent (n=39/74) had sigmoid cancer followed by right sided colon cancer in 22%(n=16/74) and rectal cancer in 26%(n=19/74). Pathologically complete resection (R0) was achieved in all patients with a median lymph node ratio of 0.14. Twenty-two patients were included in the IBD group (77% Crohn's disease). Four patients underwent robotic resection due to fistulating diverticular disease. For all the groups there were no conversions to open surgery. Return of gut function was noted within 48 hours in 91% of the patients. All patients were discharged on their baseline Hb with no need for iron replacement therapy or blood transfusion. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. There was no reported 30-day mortality.

 Robotic surgery is feasible, safe and improves clinical and surgical outcomes. This novel approach ensures that surgery remains minimally invasive, leading to a significant reduction in length of hospital stay, and rapid postoperative recovery.


The surface layers of a red earth near Cobar, N.S.W., have been classified into four condition classes by using attributes that are readily observable in the field. These classes provide a reliable estimate of potential dry matter production. Soil samples from the three depths 0-1, 1-5 and 5-10 cm of each class were analysed for various physical and chemical properties. Soil surface resistance was measured in the field. Field measurements of infiltration were carried out at supply potentials of +10 and -40 mm by using the disc permeameter. Differences in physical and chemical properties of the classes occurred mainly in the 0-1 cm layer. Below 1 cm there was very little difference in properties between the four classes. The 0-1 cm depth of the class 1 soils (most productive) contained significantly (P=0.05) higher amounts of organic matter, available nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium than the class 4 soils (least productive). Class 1 soils had higher aggregate stabilities in the 0-1 cm layer and lower soil surface resistance than class 4 soils, indicating more favourable soil physical conditions for seed germination and emergence. Aggregates of all classes underwent considerable dispersion in water when subjected to mechanical stress. At a supply potential of +10 mm, class 1 soils had a significantly (P=0.05) higher infiltration rate than class 4 soils. However, at a supply potential of -40 mm, there was no difference in infiltration rate between classes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that cryptogamic material on the surface of class 1 soils resulted in a porous, well aggregated structure compared with the dense, compacted structure of class 4 soils. The differences in physical and chemical properties support earlier micro-morphological evidence that the classes 1-4 essentially represent an erosional sequence from no erosion (class 1) to strongly eroded (class 4). The importance of these physical and chemical properties of different soil classes in determining productivity of rangeland soils is briefly discussed.


Physical activity and exercise (PA) are recommended for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although adherence to PA tends to be low. Accessible, tailored interventions are needed to help people with RA change their behaviour to achieve public health PA recommendations and improve health outcomes. Use of smartphones and mobile applications (apps) is increasing and apps may assist people to reach PA recommendations. However, the availability, quality and content of evidence-based PA apps for people with RA is unknown. This study assessed the features, content and quality of apps targeting PA for adults with RA by i) systematically identifying apps ii) summarising their features and content iii) comparing their content to physical activity and exercise guidelines and iv) rating app quality.

 A systematic search of the UK Apple AppStore and Google Play store was conducted to identify apps designed to facilitate PA in adults with RA between 19th-20th June 2019. Apps were excluded if they were i) not in English ii) for use by clinicians only or ii) solely focused on advertising a clinic/product. No fee restrictions were applied. Android and iOS apps were downloaded to smartphones, features/functionality described, content coded using Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and behaviour change technique taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1) and apps rated using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS range 0-5) by two independent reviewers. App features were compared with public health PA guidelines (150 minutes moderate PA/week or equivalent plus twice weekly resistance exercise) and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for exercise prescription.

 Initially, 14,047 apps were identified. Following de-duplication, 2,737 apps were screened for eligibly and six apps were downloaded (two UK Apple AppStore, four Google Play store), yielding four unique apps. Only one app provided PA recommendations broadly aligned with public health PA guidelines and no apps aligned to ACSM exercise prescription guidelines or offered information on tailoring of PA to disease symptoms or health status. Apps included between 4-13 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and three BCTs were common to all apps (demonstration of behaviour, instructions on how to perform behaviour, information about health consequences). Overall, MARS scores ranged between 2.25-4.17.

 There is a lack of high-quality mobile apps which can be tailored to support PA for people with RA. Whilst all included apps incorporated some BCTs previously identified as effective for PA promotion, only one, high quality app provided PA recommendations which broadly aligned with public health PA guidelines but offered limited options for tailoring PA or exercise. Collaboration between adults with RA, clinicians, and app developers is needed to produce evidence informed apps, with embedded BCTs, which can be tailored to support people with RA achieve PA recommendations.

 L. Bearne None. M. Sekhon None. R. Grainger None. A. La None. M. Shamali None. A. Amirova None. E. Godfrey None. C. White None.


Abstract Few people would doubt that alternative therapies have become increasingly popular over the last two decades in Western societies. The expulsion of evil spirits, otherwise known as 'deliverance', in order to overcome physical, psychological and emotional problems might appear to be on the fringe of the most 'fringe' alternatives. Nevertheless, in Christian charismatic circles the practice is of central importance over and above the apparent aim of spiritual healing. This article explains what deliverance involves with reference to observations and interviews conducted during field work study at deliverance meetings and training sessions. I conclude by exploring a number of sociological themes which might allow an insight into its wider frinctions. In doing so I will contend that deliverance provides a purpose for the charismatic community in upholding boundary maintenance, as well as integrating and sustaining the individual within the collective.


Understanding the relationship between river flows and levels and fish communities is important to setting minimum flow and level regulations designed to prevent ecological harm. We reviewed a long‐term Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission data set from the Ocklawaha River, Florida, to evaluate trends in fish abundance and fish communities relative to historical river levels. Fish data were collected using electrofishing at the Ocklawaha River, Florida, during 1983–1994. Electrofishing data were used to estimate catch per minute and biomass per minute of selected species, fish diversity, richness and evenness. Catch rate variables were compared among years and significant differences in abundance and community indices were related to historical water levels using multiple regression models. Results indicated that differences in abundance and community indices among years were more common at the site with increased river level variability. Regression models indicated that fish abundance and species richness were positively related to river levels, and species diversity was negatively related to variability in river level during the two years prior to sampling. Spotted sunfish Lepomis punctatus exhibited the most variability in species‐specific catch per effort and spotted sunfish abundance was positively related to river levels. Low river levels negatively influenced fish abundance and fish communities, and minimum flows in Florida should manage for the periodicity of low flow events to prevent sequential years of adverse effects on fish populations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT With the increased volume of and access to electronically held assets, ethical behavior of information technology (IT) professionals is critical. The importance of ethical behavior in the workplace has emphasized the need for coverage of ethics in IT-related academic programs. To better understand how academic IT programs support the teaching of ethics, this study examines people's desires and intentions to act ethically within specific IT-related contexts by developing a survey. These contexts, derived from industry codes of conduct, include intellectual property rights (IPR), software piracy (SWP), and privacy (PR). Hypotheses are developed and tested based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and dual process cognitive models. The results show that people's intent to behave ethically with IT decreases their intentions to behave unethically with IPR and SWP and that people's desire to behave ethically with IT decreases their intentions to behave unethically with IPR and PR.


Diploma thesis deals with determination of transdermal absorption of cosmetic emulsions. In the theoretical part of the thesis a procedure for determining transdermal absorption by in vitro method is described, cosmetic emulsions are characterized, and Pickering emulsions are introduced. The experimental part is focused on the preparation of Pickering emulsions containing limonene, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, which all are stabilized either by nanocrystalline and microfibrillar cellulose. The emulsions are characterized via determination of their particle sizes and tested with respect to their transdermal absorption by in vitro method using Franz diffusion cells. The amount of bioactive lipophilic substan-ces in the individual layers of the skin is determined by HPLC.


The effects of Portulaca, Thyums, Nigella seeds, Origanum, Linum, Elettaria, Rosmary, Zingiber, Cinnamoum, Oat, Pomegranate Peel and Vitellaria Paradoxa on biological, biochemical and histological parameters of obese rats were studied. Thirty-Five adult female albino rats of SpragueDawely, weighting (190±5g) and age (3 months). All rat fed on a basal diet for 15 days then rats fed on high caloric diet (contained 25% fat) for 15 consecutive days to induce obesity and rats divided into 7 groups, one group fed on basal diet as control group, while the left six groups were given daily plants and herbal formula at the level 10% (50% plant and 50% tested herbs) for 28 days. Results showed that body weight gain was markedly lower especially in the group 7, lowered concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc, VLDL-c and decreased level of AST and ALT enzymes and a in case of HDL-c concentrations were significant increased. Histopathological examination showed amelioration of histopathological lesions seen in liver of obese rats in control group while rats when received the herbs and plants formula helped to increase the accumulation of fat in the liver. So, from this study, it could be concluded that intake of formula of tested herbs and plants powder at 10 % can be useful for improving the body weight and the other parameters for obese female rats and histopathological examination showed amelioration of histopathological lesions seen in liver of obese rats when received the herbs and plants formula.


The phenomenon that occurs among PBSI college student is that there are many students who are not skilled at speaking argumentatively. There are four abilities that must be done by someone so that the conversation's him argumentative, namely the ability to make opinions, compose evidence, reason, and be convincing. The problem that then arises in relation to the ability of students to speak argumentatively is how is the ability of students in (1) making of opinions ?, (2) compiling evidence ?, (3) doing reasoning ?, and (4) convincing? on the oral assessment. This research uses a qualitative approach. The instrument used to determine argumentative speaking ability is the observation sheet. Observations were carried out by three lecturers namely researchers and two other lecturers. The situation chosen is an oral assessment situation because it is more formal and natural. Data analysis was done by evaluative descriptive techniques and mixing analysis. The results of the study showed that in general the argumentative speaking abilities of college students on oral assessment were quite good with a value of 6.05. This value is obtained from the average value of the ability to make opinions 6.52, the value of the ability to compile evidence 5.76, the value of reasoning ability 6.15, and the value of convincing abilities 5.78. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the learning program should better emphasize argumentative communicative aspects with improvements in all aspects of argumentative speaking.


The article considers the process of performing customs operations and customs control of individuals on transport in the form of a queuing system, and a comparative analysis of the daily load factor in the considered system. Optimization of time and costs of individuals during customs control at the border checkpoint has been performed, thereby demonstrating service characteristics such as the possibility of a queue, the probability of downtime and the average queue of passengers at a given intensity of traffic, service and a different number of inspecting passenger departments on their workers' places. The tasks were set to determine the minimum number of employees of the customs clearance and customs control department, in which the queue will not grow to infinity, and the optimal number of customs inspectors, in which the relative cost associated with the costs of maintaining the service channels and with the queue of passengers will be is minimal. The options for passenger service are presented for a given number of customs inspectors. To characterize the functioning of the process of customs operations and customs control, the following was considered as the initial data: the average number of declarations entering the "red corridor", the average number of declarations serviced at one automated workplace, the costs of maintaining one automated workplace (hereinafter AWP) Inspector. Proposals on information and technical support of passenger terminals have been made. The optimization of the time and costs of individuals during customs control at the border checkpoint of the seaport is presented.


In everyday human life, there are several problems that pose a risk to oneself, personal belongings or family property, where the risk is something that arises unexpectedly. To overcome these unexpected problems, the role of insurance is very important in providing protection. Insurance is an insurance agreement between the insurance company and the policyholder with the obligation to pay premiums and provide guarantees to pay compensation. In general, the classification of insurance is divided into 3 types, namely: life insurance, general insurance, and reinsurance. The rights of policyholders when viewed from the aspect of consumer protection are regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Insurance is very closely related to the presence of the OJK Institution as the only institution responsible for insurance companies, as stipulated in OJK Regulation Number 28/POJK.05/2015. The purpose of this journal is to legally review the rights and interests acquired by insurance policy holders. This research uses normative method. The results of the first study, the rights of policyholders have not been explicitly regulated in insurance law. Second, settlement of claim disputes regarding claims for compensation from insurance is regulated in Article 4 paragraph (1) OJK Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2014, and the third is in insurance laws and regulations in Indonesia, the settlement of insurance cases is handled by OJK and will ends with a court decision.


Sublattice reversal of GaAs epitaxial layers in a GaAs/Ge/GaAs(001) crystal was investigated using X-ray standing waves. The crystal was fabricated so that the sublattices of GaAs epitaxial layers were spatially inverted to those of the GaAs(001) substrate with the help of Ge intermediate layers. To make sure of this spatial inversion, variation of GaKα and AsKα fluorescence yields was measured as a function of incident angle under 115 and 115 Bragg conditions. The analysis showed that the angular variation of the measured fluorescence yields agrees well with that of theoretical calculations based on the spatial inversion.


The importance of social movements in peace building processes is increasing as the state is being transformed in the era of globalization. In the process of globalization, non-governmental actors, in relation to the state, have gained authority as capable performers; working on issues of concern for the people on the local scene, despite the fact that they might operate in authoritarian states (L. Eriksson 2005,448,449,450).


Although research has been conducted on the relation between personal characteristics (ie, demographics, socioeconomic status, health practices, and access to care) and health status,1-15 few studies have examined the joint impact of these individual characteristics on personal health status. The assessment of the association between a particular individual characteristic and health status is incomplete without simultaneously controlling for the influence of other characteristics known to influence health status. Further, researchers tend to focus on measures of general health status such as respondents' self-perceived health in general, rather than on other dimensions of health such as mental and physical wellbeing. This study aims at advancing the literature by examining the joint association of various individual characteristics with dif-


The tectonic setting of the widespread Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in South China has long been a matter of debate. Situated in the western margin of the Yangtze Block of South China, the Guandaoshan pluton is composed of diorite in the core and quartz diorite in the margin. Both types contain abundant mafic enclaves and mafic dikes. This pluton is dated at
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$$858\pm 7\,\mathrm{Ma}\,$$
\end{document} by the SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb method. The rocks have SiO2 contents of 52.8–63.8 wt%, Al2O3 contents of 17.4–20.6 wt%, Na2O contents of 2.14–3.74 wt%, and K2O contents of 0.44–1.61 wt%. They are calc‐alkaline with an Al saturation index,
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$$\mathrm{A}\,/ \mathrm{CNK}\,< 1$$
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$$( \mathrm{molar}\,\,\mathrm{Al}\,_{2}\mathrm{O}\,_{3}/ [ \mathrm{CaO}\,+\mathrm{Na}\,_{2}\mathrm{O}\,+\mathrm{K}\,_{2}\mathrm{O}\,] ) $$
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$$\mathrm{A}\,/ \mathrm{NK}\,> 1$$
\end{document} , and they have Fe numbers <0.8
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$$( \mathrm{Fe}\,_{2}\mathrm{O}\,_{3}/ [ \mathrm{Fe}\,_{2}\mathrm{O}\,_{3}+\mathrm{MgO}\,] ) $$
\end{document} . Their total rare earth element (REE) contents range from 19 to 45 ppm, with concave chondrite‐normalized patterns slightly depleted in middle REEs, indicating extensive amphibole fractionation. Their whole‐rock ϵNd(t) values range from +3.9 to +5.1, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7028 to 0.7033. They have zircon ϵHf(t) values ranging from +11 to +17, with mean Hf model ages of around 860 Ma, clearly indicating a depleted‐mantle source. In the primitive mantle–normalized trace element spider diagram, the rocks show pronounced enrichment of Rb, Ba, Th, and Pb and depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti, a typical arc signature. The Guandaoshan pluton is an amphibole‐rich, calc‐alkaline, Cordilleran‐type granitoid, a typical product of subduction‐zone magmatism. The occurrence of this Neoproterozoic Cordilleran‐type granitoid suggests that the western margin of the Yangtze Block was an Andean‐type continental margin at that time, rather than mantle plume–related rifting setting.


Interleukin 12 (IL‐12), or natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), has multiple biologic effects on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of IL‐12 on human hematopoiesis by analyzing the growth of CD34+33‐ cells in methylcellulose culture with or without serum. Blood cells were collected by apheresis from an expanded stem cell pool during the rebound phase of hematopoiesis after chemotherapy and purified by combined purification procedures to yield target CD34+33‐ cells. IL‐12, by itself or in combination with IL‐3 and erythropoietin (Epo), had no effect on the formation of colonies from the unfractionated blood mononuclear cells. In the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), IL‐12 increased the number of colony forming units for granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) from CD34+33‐ cells which responded to IL‐3, but not the number of CFU‐GM from those which responded to stem cell factor (SCF) or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF). This effect was not abolished by the addition of monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐1α, IL‐6, G‐CSF, or granulocyte/macrophage CSF (GM‐CSF). However, the stimulatory effect of IL‐12 was abolished in secondary plating in serum‐containing methylcellulose culture after short‐term (48 h) liquid incubation with IL‐3. On the other hand, in serum‐depleted culture containing IL‐3, IL‐12 showed no stimulatory effect on colony growth with or without other cytokines, including SCF, IL‐1α, IL‐6, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF and IFN‐γ. These results suggest that, in the presence of unidentified cytokine(s) in serum, IL‐12 potentiates the stimulatory effect of IL‐3 on human hematopoiesis, and this effect is limited to primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells.


Youth sport leaders must not ignore the influence parents have on creating a positive developmental experience for young athletes. Therefore, expectations involving parental involvement and conduct must be addressed prior to athletes' participation. This article aims to examine the importance of creating mandatory parental training programs for youth sports. It explores research regarding what parents should learn, how to implement training programs, and how to hold parents accountable. Requiring parental training could be an important step toward changing the often negative sideline culture that has become prevalent in youth sports today.


In the face of worldwide concern about the concentration of media ownership, South Africa has (until as recently as October 1995) been one of the prime examples in this regard. With the idea of a diversity of voices being in the best interest of all groups in society, the author gives an overview of ownership changes in the South African printed media industry since 1994. The 'quiet revolution' is not over yet and much still needs to happen before ownership will truly be spread throughout all spheres of society. One can state, however, that the South African media is on its way to playing a vital role in building and sustaining a just and democratic society.


Objective: Termites are serious pests in West Africa affecting crop production, buildings, books and wood conservation. Intensive use of insecticides which is of great environmental and health concerns was the most frequently control option. To make termites management environmentally friendly, there is a need to integrate indigenous knowledge about pest management techniques into the scaling-up process in order to improve farmers' pest management practices. This paper documents farmers' knowledge, perceptions and management practices against termites in Greater Accra and Volta Regions of Ghana. Methodology and results: Traditional methods of controlling termites used by farmers, obtained from a survey include application of plant extracts (55.71% of the respondents), dead animals, toads and intestines of rat (42.86%) , physical removal of the queen (64.29%), human urine (55.71%), wood ash (30%), and poultry (60%). These are mainly practiced by small-scale farmers and their efficiency needs to be studied, improved and promoted. Additionally, a total of thirteen plants traditionally used for termite control were identified from the survey. From the 70 farmers investigated, 44.29% depend on chemicals and other strategies, while 55.71% used plants as control strategy. About 67.67% combined plants with chemicals and other strategies. Conclusion and application: Indigenous termite's taxonomic knowledge identified needs to be documented and promoted to facilitate communication between farmers, extension agents and scientists on specific pest problems. The efficiency of the various indigenous control practices reported by farmers in this study need to be verified, and the promising ones standardized and promoted with other IPM measures with the aim of reducing chemical pesticides application.


The Medicare Audit Improvement Act of 2013, introduced to Congress today, is designed to address critical operational problems that exist with the Medicare recovery audit program and ensure that Medicare recovery auditing is efficient, transparent, and fair, according to its co-sponsors in the House of Representatives.


Functions are from R to N or R x R to N, where R denotes the real numbers and N denotes a normed complete ring. If S, T and G are functions from R x R to N, each of S(p7, p), S(p,p), T(p-, p) and T(p -, p) exists for a < p < b, each of S (p, p +), S (p+, p ), T(p, p +) and T(p, p ) exists for a < p < b, G has bounded variation on [a, b] and f bG exists, then each of f bS[G-JfG]T and f S[1 + GH(1 + G)]T exists and is zero. These results can be used to solve integral equations without the existence of integrals of the form f b|G-fGI=O and bI1+GH(1+G)=o0. This is demonstrated by solving the linear integral equation f(x) = h(x) + (LR)f x(fG + fH) a and the Riccati integral equations f(x) = w(x) + (LRLR )f (fH + Gf + fKf) a without the existence of the previously mentioned integrals. Introduction. The existence of integrals of the form (i) |JIG fGI=O and b I+G-I(I+G) =0 can be very useful in studying the solution of integral equations and integral inequalities. This has been demonstrated in papers by B. W. Helton [7]-412] and the author [15]. However, it is possible to construct functions such that the integrals in (i) do not exist. This has been done by W. D. L. Appling [2, Theorem 2, p. 155] and the author [13, pp. 153-154]. Presented in part to the Society, July 26, 1974 under the titles Existence of integrals and the solution of Riccati integral equations and Existence and approximation of integrals and February 3, 1975 under the title Product integrals and linear integral equations; received by the editors July 22, 1975 and, in revised form, December 14, 1975. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 45N05; Secondary 28A25, 26A39.


We evaluated the degree to which social interactions are reinforcing for two individuals with autism spectrum disorder by comparing individual components (i.e., edible, vocal, and physical interaction) alone and in combination. First, we conducted preference assess- ments to determine preference hierarchies within three stimulus classes: edible, vocal, and physical interaction. Second, we evaluated preference for individual stimuli across these classes. Third, we examined the relative reinforcing efficacy of highly preferred stimuli assessed individually. Fourth, with individuals for whom physical and vocal stimuli served as reinforcers, we evaluated if adding the other component, physical or vocal, increased the effectiveness of that consequence as a reinforcer. Results suggested differences in the relative reinforcing efficacy of components of social interaction. Additionally, combining components to form compound stimuli produced idiosyncratic differences in relative rates of responding. Published Elsevier Inc.


Critical debates over deformation in symbolist visual practice were exacerbated by the exhibition of Maurice Denis's 'Decor' in 1891, a highly distorted female nude rivalling modernist nudes by Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, and Emile Bernard. While some critics licensed deformation as a symbolist strategy, most rejected deformation of the human body on the basis that it could never be anything but perversely pathological. This essay argues that Denis came to defend this practice by instituting a continuum between subjective and objective deformation, a strategy informed by his positivist education, which has emphasized experimental methods and a continuum between the normal and the pathological. Denis effectively provided deformation with a scientific cast, licensing it as useful in the modern artist's search for form. While these discursive manoeuvres effectively purified deformation, they also inaugurated an ambivalent attitude towards deformation that would continue to reverberate in modernist criticism.


Based on Kelvin-Voight viscoelasticity,the circumferential SH wave controlling equations of orthotropic viscoelastic hollow cylinders are deduced.The SH wave characteristics are controlled by two elastic constants and their corresponding viscous coefficients.By the first and second Bessel functions,the exact dispersion equation is obtained.The phase velocity dispersion curves and attenuation curves for four different ratios of outer radius to thickness are calculated.The influences of the ratio are analyzed.Then the cases of isotropic viscoelastic hollow cylinders are calculated to show their differences.The effects of the two elastic constants and viscous coefficients on the dispersion and attenuation are discussed.


A robust cavity technique is proposed to quite accurately measure the complex permeability of the magnetic materials, which gives promising results for arbitrary length samples. This technique takes into account many factors such as magnetic field correction inside the sample under test, the effect of demagnetization, and the image theory, which was not considered in past. In this paper, a numerical model of the magnetometric demagnetization factor is developed, which precisely considers the effects of the relative permeability of sample and the nonuniform magnetic field over sample volume. The sensitivity of proposed technique is better than conventional and recently modified technique assuming arbitrary length sample. The proposed scheme typically provides 98% accurate result for the sample length greater than  $0.15\times $  the width of the rectangular cavity. The proposed method is quite novel and can be appreciated due to the fact that it gives higher accuracy for all the cases when compared with other standard cavity techniques.


Moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes injury patterns with heterogeneous pathology producing varying outcomes for recovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles containing a myriad of molecules involved in cell signaling. EVs may hold promise as biomarkers in TBI because of their encapsulation, including improved stability/decreased degradation. A subset of subjects with and without TBI from a prospective, observational trial of critically ill trauma patients were analyzed. Total EV levels of glial (glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) and neuronal/axonal (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 [UCH-L1], neurofilament light chain [NfL], and total-tau) proteins were measured using single-molecule array technology. Protein levels were winsorized to address outliers and log transformed for analysis. Patients with multiple injuries (n = 41) and isolated body injury (n = 73) were of similar age and sex. Patients with multiple injuries were, as expected, more severely injured with higher Injury Severity Scores (29 [26–41] vs. 21 [14–26], p < 0.001) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (12 [4–13] vs. 13 [13–13], p < 0.001). Total body EVs of GFAP, UCH-L1, and NfL were higher in those with multiple injuries (1768 [932–4780] vs. 239 [63–589], p < 0.001; 75.4 [47.8–158.3] vs. 41.5 [21.5–67.1], p = 0.03; 7.5 [3.3–12.3] vs. 2.9 [2.1–4.8], p < 0.001, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between the Head Abbreviated Injury Score and GFAP (free circulating rho = 0.62, EV rho = 0.64; both p < 0.001). Brain-derived proteins contained in EV holds promise as an informative approach to biomarker measurement after TBI in hospitalized patients. Future evaluation and longitudinal studies are necessary to draw conclusions regarding the clinical utility of these biomarkers.


Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class III located complement C4 and steroid 21‐hydroxylase (21OH) genes, which form various deletion and duplication units, were studied by Taq I Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) in 58 Finnish couples who suffered recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). The gene rearrangements found in the RSA couples did not differ from those in the controls.