Objective: There is limited evidence of the growing population of elderly patients with hypertension, particularly the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and adverse outcomes. We sought to estimate outcomes according to attained BP in elderly patients treated for moderate hypertension. Design and method: This multicenter, retrospective study used the Korea University Medical Center database built on electronic health records from 2017 to 2020. Patients initiated with at least two antihypertensive drugs as combined therapy were followed up for 3 years. The patients were grouped by on treatment systolic BP (SBP) in 10 mmHg increments from less than 120 to 140 mmHg or more. The primary outcome was a composite of all cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The relationships between attained BP and outcomes were assessed using adjusted Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic splines. Results: From Jan 2017 to Dec 2017, a total of 4760 patients aged over 75 years (mean age 79.9) were enrolled and grouped into SBP lower 120 mmHg (n = 1188), SBP 120 to 129 mmHg (n = 1221), SBP 130 to 139 mmHg (n = 1194), and SBP over 140 mmHg (n = 1157). After a median follow up of 4.5 years, the incidence of the primary outcome was lowest in individuals with SBP of 120 to 129 mmHg (9.2%, p = 0.087). The age adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome showed a J shaped relationship with on treatment SBP and diastolic BP. Conclusions: A J curve relationship between on treatment SBP and the composite outcome was found consistently. In real world practice, on treatment SBP less than 130 mmHg was associated with improved outcomes in the elderly with moderate hypertension.


Twenty samples of endothelia removed from normal and post penetrating keratoplas-ty (0.5,1,2,3 months after penetrating keratoplasty) were observed by scanning electron mi-croscopy.The photographs of the endothelia in graft-host junction were analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis system,and the morphometric indexes examined were area of the cells,perimeters,density,figure coefficient,long axis,coefficient of variation of the area,and oth-ers.Results showed that the morphology and the density of the endothelial cells changed obvi-ously after operation and improved slowly but progressively with time although at 3 monthspostoperatively some differences still existed.By using the new techniques,the experiment con-firmed and enriched the theories on the corneal endothelial wound-healing,revealing some ofthe new characters of the endothelial wound-healing following penetrating keratoplasty.


***Institute of mineralogy, Department of crystallography, university of Bonn The phase and symmetry determination of Ga2O3(ZnO)10, gallium zinc oxide, are presented by the means of CBED (convergent beam electron diffraction) technique. After synthesized the crystal, the scanning electron microscope pattern shows the orthorhombic shaped crystal. Using the determined main crystallographic axes [100], [010] and [001], the cell parameters have been proved to be a=3.32, b=19.45, c=36.55 Å, and α=β=γ=90 ̊. Since the crystal shows large lattice parameters, the LACBED (large angle convergent beam electron diffraction) combined with the CBED method has been used to determine the point group. This combination has successful showed that the space group of Ga2O3(ZnO)10 is Cmcm.


The aim of this study is to examine relationship between happiness, self esteem and received social support in high school student. 150 eight grade girl students were selected among the entire population of 2008-2009 students in the city of Tehran using multi stage cluster method. Oxford Happiness, Coopers-Smith Self Esteem and Wax social support questioners were used to obtain the needed data. The results of analysis of the data that was done in two levels of descriptive (means, standard deviation, correlation coefficient) and deductive (multi parameters regression) shows that a positive meaningful relation exists between self esteem and happiness at less than 0.001 level. A positive meaningful relation at less than 0.01 levels exists between self esteem and the small scale as well as the number of total social support. Furthermore the linear regression equation showed that to predict happiness self esteem and social support (in family scale) are important in the same order.


The different insertional position of kaipianjiangjianling was tested to investigate the effect on tobacco yield and quality for improving upper tobacco quality and raising farmers' income.The results show that kaipianjiangjianling can significantly increase tobacco yield and output value by raising the tobacco length and width obviously and there is no significant difference between different treatments.The nicotin content of treatment 1, 2 and 3 decreases 17.92%,15.28% and 12.26%,the reduction sugar content increases 160.15%,129.21% and 20.54%,the leaf weight and thickness decreases 7.6%,9.8% and 13.68%,and 25.8 μm,25.1 μm and 26.2 μm,the balance water content increases 9.28%,7.86% and 3.31%,the free burning time of treatment 1,2 and 3 shortens 2.43 s,3.02 s and 0.1 s compared with CK respectively.


Background: Sunitinib (SU) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the first line setting in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Recently, nivolumab, a checkpoint inhibitor, has been approved as a second line therapy. The identification of biomarkers of resistance to these drugs may be useful to select patients' treatment. In this study we investigated the molecular and immune profile associated to SU resistance. Methods: Forty-four patients (pts) with metastatic ccRCC treated with SU were included. A global transcriptome analysis (Affymetrix Human Gene 2.0 ST array) on 6 extremely sensitive (ES; progression-free survival (PFS) > 24 months) and 8 refractory (R; ; progression disease as best response) ccRCC pts treated with SU was performed. Differentially expressed genes were tested in the whole cohort by qPCR. In silico validation using the microarray data from 53 SU-treated pts (Beuselinck et al, Clin Cancer Res 2015) was performed. In addition 730 immune-related genes were tested in the same cohort and in 10 additional pts treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapies as an exploratory analysis. Results: Differential expression analysis between R and ES pts showed 330 differentially expressed genes: 148 were overexpressed and 182 underexpressed in R pts. Top two deregulated networks were centered in LYN and NR3C1 (Network 1), and in chemokine ligands and receptors (e.g. CCL5, CCRL1 and CXCL10) (Network 2). In Beuselinck dataset, 9 genes were differentially expressed between R and ES pts. The expression of 7 genes (BST2, CD44, ELK1, FADS2, LYN, NKAP and VEGFC) was correlated with a lower PFS in both cohorts (Table 1). A different immune-related molecular profile was shown between resistance to SU and to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapies. TIM-3 was overexpressed in SU-sensitive pts and in anti-PD1/PD-L1 refractory pts. Conclusions: We described a gene expression profile of SU resistance in ccRCC pts. The value of TIM-3 as a potential biomarker in ccRCC merits further exploration. Citation Format: Oscar Reig Torras, Mercedes Marin-Aguilera, Natalia Jimenez, Pare Laia, Patricia Galvan, Carme Mallofre, Aleix Prat, Begona Mellado. Molecular profile of sunitinib resistance in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 785. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-785


INTRODUCTION 517 I. THE PUBLIC COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE IN ISRAEL V. THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL 521 II. ANALYSIS OF THE TARGETED KILLINGS OPINION: JUSTICIABILITY AND THE FOUR-PRONG TEST 537 A. Justiciability 537 B. The Four-Prong Test 543 CONCLUSION 546


In 2009 the cross artform group, Last Man to Die, presented a series of performances using new interfaces and networked performance to integrate the three artforms of its members (actor, Hanna Cormick, visual artist, Benjamin Forster and percussionist, Charles Martin). This paper explains our artistic motivations and design for a computer vision surface and networked heartbeat sensor as well as the experience of mounting our rst major work, Vital LMTD.


CGS 10078B is a potent orally effective antihypertensive agent with β‐adrenergic antagonist as well as other vasodilatory mechanisms. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, CGS 10078B (3 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) caused rapid and significant dose‐related reductions in blood pressure that were sustained at 24 hr and accompanied by moderate reductions in heart rate. In conscious hypertensive dogs, CGS 10078B (3 mg/kg, p.o.) produced decreases in blood pressure that were of greater magnitude than those obtained with propranolol and better maintained than those obtained with nifedipine at comparable dosage. Radioligand binding assays indicated that CGS 10078B antagonizes α1‐, β1‐, and β2‐adrenoceptors and inhibits nitrendipine binding at sites associated with Ca++ channels. These biochemical results correlate well with in vitro cardiovascular studies, demonstrating that CGS 10078B possesses antagonist activity at β1‐receptors (guinea pig left atria), β2‐receptors (guinea pig trachea), β1‐receptors (rabbit aorta), and voltage‐sensitive Ca++ channels (responses to K+ or Ca++ in rabbit aorta), and on Ca++ uptake and retention (45Ca in rabbit aorta). In vivo studies with dogs treated with CGS 10078B (30 mg/kg, p.o.) also identified nonselective β‐antagonism and no interference with orthostatic reflexes. In summary, the multiple modes of action of CGS 10078B may afford a distinct clinical advantage in the treatment of hypertension.


Evolutionary psychology (EP), as currently practiced, often relies on a model of human mating that likens us to peacocks and deer, in which males compete for access to females and females choose (MCFC). StewartWilliams and Thomas eloquently present arguments that human courtship is more akin to that of sea dragons and grebs than it is to peacocks with their beautiful strutting males and drab choosy females. Both women and men have the capacity to form emotional bonds with sexual partners and both exercise considerable choice over romantic partners (mutual mate choice [MMC]). The fact that unrequited love is not the sole province of one sex highlights this. Although human flirting may not be as synchronized as the dance of sea dragons, it still requires active participation from both parties. Stewart-Williams and Thomas bring many engaging ideas to the table, and I find myself in agreement with much of what they write. Although humans show some sex differences, these are modest and have been overemphasized in the EP literature. This point was strikingly illustrated in their demonstration that some of the largest effect sizes of sex differences in human mating pales in comparison to the difference in body size of gibbons, the quintessential monogamous species. Here I underscore their general point with examples from the literature on jealousy. StewartWilliams and Thomas also present a compelling case that the use of this misconceived MCFC model drastically impacts how researchers conduct studies. I suggest that the reliance on such a model impacts such practices far more than even Stewart-Williams and Thomas argue, often leaving us with a greatly distorted view of the mating psychology of men and women. Although concurring with the proposition that the sex differences that do exist could be the direct result of evolution, I suggest that Stewart-Williams and Thomas may be too quick to dismiss alternative possibilities such as sex roles theory (Eagly & Wood, 1999; Wood & Eagly, 2002). The EP literature has a strong inclination to assume that all human behaviors reflect specific evolved psychological tendencies or mechanisms. Although rarely explicitly stated, there are a number of assumptions inherent in such an approach, assumptions that are not always supported. Here I explore some of those: (a) Not all mating preferences and behaviors will reflect specific evolved adaptations; (b) Even when preferences and behaviors do reflect adaptations, these could be the result of a variety of levels of psychological mechanisms from domain general to very specific; (c) Although Triver's parental investment theory and sexual selection theory are often cited in EP research, few of the specific predictions in EP research directly follow from these theories.


The total structure factors as well as the total pai r correlat ion funct ions for amorphous Mg85.5Cu l45 (by neutron and X-ray di f f ract ion) and for a m o r p h o u s Mg7oZn3o (by X-ray dif f ract ion) were determined. Both alloys show similar chemical short range order effects. F rom the total pair correlation funct ion of the Mg85.5Cu14.5 glass, par t ia l coordinat ion numbers and a tomic distances could be extracted. Compar i son with the s t ructure of crystalline Mg 2 Cu suggests that the short range order around the copper a toms is s imilar in the a m o r p h o u s and the crystalline phase. The densities of both a m o r p h o u s alloys were measured yielding negative excess volumina.


A survey is made of the way in which a variety of physical scalar and vector quantities are diffused, and convected out of fixed regions in moving fluids. In particular, viscous flow itself is viewed as the diffusion and convection of circulation which is generated at the boundaries of the fluid by the no-slip condition. The non-linearity of the problem arises from the fact that the convection field is in part self-generated by the diffused circulation. Ways of overcoming these difficulties are reviewed in the light of the above point of view. New kinematic interpretations are given for the equations governing axisymmetric viscous flow and these are used to determine the flow vector for ring circulation, angular momentum and other relevant physical quantities.


— In this paper, a new technique for designing a robust cascade controller for a quadratic boost converter is proposed. A performance index in H infinity loop shaping control, stability margin, is adopted as the objective function in our optimization control problem; GA is used to solve this problem to evaluate the optimal controller. Conditions of cascade control are adopted as constraints in our optimization problem. In addition, pre-compensator weight which is normally difficult to be selected is simultaneously determined with the controller. Comparative study with the conventional H infinity loop shaping is presented. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


Pex mutants of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica are defective in peroxisome assembly. The mutant strain pex16-1 lacks morphologically recognizable peroxisomes. Most peroxisomal proteins are mislocalized to a subcellular fraction enriched for cytosol in pex16 strains, but a subset of peroxisomal proteins is localized at, or near, wild-type levels to a fraction typically enriched for peroxisomes. The PEX16 gene was isolated by functional complementation of the pex16-1 strain and encodes a protein, Pex16p, of 391 amino acids (44,479 D). Pex16p has no known homologues. Pex16p is a peripheral protein located at the matrix face of the peroxisomal membrane. Substitution of the carboxylterminal tripeptide Ser-Thr-Leu, which is similar to the consensus sequence of peroxisomal targeting signal 1, does not affect targeting of Pex16p to peroxisomes. Pex16p is synthesized in wild-type cells grown in glucose-containing media, and its levels are modestly increased by growth of cells in oleic acid–containing medium. Overexpression of the PEX16 gene in oleic acid– grown Y. lipolytica leads to the appearance of a small number of enlarged peroxisomes, which contain the normal complement of peroxisomal proteins at levels approaching those of wild-type peroxisomes.


Based on the survey data of farmers in Inner Mongolia,Liaoning and Shanxi,the technical efficiency of farmers'cashmere production by using the stochastic frontier production function model was estimated in the paper,and the effect of characteristics of farmer and its family members,farmer's feeding characteristics,social-economic conditions and regional differences on the technical efficiency was further analyzed.The research results indicated that the average technical efficiency of farmers'cashmere production equaled to 0.770,which meant there exited a significant technical inefficiency.The age of household head,feeding years,feeding scale,whether accepting technical training,and whether getting government support had a significant positive effect on the technical efficiency.The technical efficiency of farmers using the semi-stabling feeding mode was significantly higher than that of farmers using the stocking feeding mode.There didn't exit a significant difference of farmers'technical efficiency in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning,and the technical efficiency of farmers in Shanxi was significantly lower than that of farmers in Liaoning.Based on the study,corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in the paper,such as technical training,government supporting and credit supporting.


A total of 245 rural men and women with physical disabilities were interviewed to assess their access to road transport. The overall level of access was poor for both the men and women with physical disabilities. Poor environmental conditions and terminal facilities, unfriendly vehicles and behavior of transport staff, and travel safety and security threats were the barriers that prevented them to access routes. The findings indicate that without having a clear understanding of the transport-accessibility challenges at transport-planning levels and adopting equities in practice, the promotion of disability rights in local transport would be impossible in developing societies like Pakistan.


Submission 3 3.1 The competitive ratio of αH and αH2 The competitive ratios of αH and αH2 are not better than 2. We use an adversary argument: • For αH, we just need to study the instance I such that J1 = (r1 = 0, p1 = p), J2 = (r2 = αp, p2 = 1), J3 = (r3 = αp+α, p3 = 1), . . . , Jbαpc−1 = (rbαpc−1 = αp + (bαpc − 1)α, pbαpc−1 = 1) and Jbαpc = (rbαpc = p, pbαpc = 1), where p is a very large integer. αH schedules J1 as the first batch and {J2, . . . , Jbαpc} as second batch. The optimal algorithm of Lee and Uzsoy (1999) schedules {J1, . . . , Jbαpc−1} as the first batch and Jbαpc as second batch. Consequently, after some arithmetical calculations, σ∗ = 1 + p and σαH = αp + bαpcα + p + 1 and cαH ≥ 2. • For αH2, if we study the instance, J1 = (r1 = 0, p1 = 1), J2 = (r2 = 0, p2 = p), J3 = (r3 = α + , p3 = p), where p is still a very large integer, then σ∗ = α + + p, σαH2 = α + 2p and cαH2 ≥ 2. To conclude, αH and αH2 are no better than 2-competitive for the problem 1|p− batch, ri, b = ∞|Cmax. 3.2 The αH∞ algorithm We will give a description of the algorithm αH∞. Note that U(t) is the set of available unscheduled jobs at the time t. Algorithm αH∞: STEP 0. Set t = 0. STEP 1. Find job Jk ∈ U(t) such that pk = max{pj | Jj ∈ U(t)}. Let γ = rk + αpk and s = max{t, γ}. STEP 2. In the time interval [t,s], whenever a new job Jh arrives, at the time t' and if ph > pk then k = h, γ = rh + αph, t = t′, s = max{t, γ}. To conclude in any case, U(t) = U(t) ∪ {Jh}. STEP 3. At time s, we schedule in a single batch, the set of available unscheduled jobs, U(s). If some new jobs arrive during the execution of the batch then let t = s + pk else let t be the arrival time of such a job. Go to STEP 1. Given an instance, we assume that αH∞ generates m batches in total. We index these batches in non-decreasing order of their completion times. The k batch is noted Bk and let sk its starting time. For convenience, in batch k, J(k) denotes the longest job of Bk (determinated by Step 1 ). Let p(k) and r(k) be the processing time and the arrival time of J(k). Note that a batch Bk starts execution either at time r(k) +αp(k) or immediately after the execution of the batch Bk−1 is finished. If it starts at time r(k) +αp(k), it is a regular batch else a delayed batch. Furthermore, by definition of αH∞, p(k) is the processing time of batch Bk. Now, we present the principle of the proof for the (1 + α)-competitivity of αH∞. In Ridouard (2003), a whole demonstration is established. 4 Ridouard Frédéric and al. Theorem αH∞ is (1 + α)-competitive. Proof: • For σ∗, we just consider that J(m) must be processed by the optimal algorithm; therefore σ∗ ≥ r(m) + p(m). Futhermore, we can prove that r(m) occurs between the start and the completion of Bm−1. • To calculate σαH∞ , we must determine the makespan achieved by αH∞. We recall that the makespan is the completion time of Bm. We have only consider in the schedule, the last sequence of batches without idle-time. Let Bk, . . . , Bm be such a sequence. Bk is regular, thus its starting time is sk = r(k) + αp(k). Therefore we conclude calculating σαH∞ adding the processing times of Bk and of the batches after Bk (because there are delayed). Hence we have σαH∞ = r(k) + αp(k) + ∑m i=k p(i). • We can study all possible inequalities between p(k), p(m−1) and p(m) to obtain the expected competitive ratio. To conclude, αH∞ is a best possible algorithm for the problem 1|p− batch, ri, b = ∞|Cmax and it is easy to show to αH∞ introduce less idle-times than H∞. 4 Conclusion and perspectives An optimal polynomial off-line algorithm is known for the 1|p − batch, ri, b = ∞|Cmax problem. We have studied the on-line scheduling problem of a single batching machine to minimize the makespan. For this problem, with bounded or unbounded batch sizes, the lower bound of the competitive ratio of on-line deterministic algorithm is 1 + α. But conservative algorithms cannot be better than 2-competitive. Now, for the problem 1|p − batch, ri, b = ∞|Cmax, if for each instance we have equal processing times then we propose several best possible on-line algorithms such as αH or αH2. For non-equal processing times, we have proposed an on-line algorithm αH∞ that inserts less idle-time than H∞ but with the same performance guarantee. Works are remaining for the general bounded problem since the best known algorithm is 2-competitive whereas the best known lower bound is equal to 1 + α. In Zhang et al (2001) is proposed an algorithm and they only conjecture that it is 1+α competitive.


Reproduction can have a high resource cost. It has been suggested that greater investments in sexual reproduction by female dioecious plants leads to a lower rate of vegetative growth in females than in males. In this study, we investigated sexual dimorphism in biomass allocation and genet growth ofthe dioecious clonal shrub, northern prickly ash (Xanthoxylum americanum). The allocation of biomass over the course of one growing season to reproductive tissue, leaves, and growth of aboveground first-year wood, was compared in 18 clones growing in fields and six clones in woods in southeastern Wisconsin during 1985 and 1986. In addition, the number of shoots per clone, and weight of nonfirst-year wood (accumulated biomass) above- and belowground were estimated. In open field sites, male clones allocated more biomass to new wood and less to reproduction than females, although males allocated more to flowers alone. Accordingly, male clones had significantly more shoots and more accumulated biomass both aboveand below-ground than female clones. In the woods, where fruit set was near zero, there were few significant differences between male and female clones in either biomass allocation or accumulated biomass. These results support the hypothesis that the high resource investment in fruit production by females reduces their vegetative growth relative to males. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION in plants is costly in terms of the resources required for flowering


When evaluating the power consumption of a compressor on a test bed, it is important to evaluate the inaccuracies caused by instruments measuring tolerances.Compressor vendors need to estimate such tolerances when announcing power guarantee figures, while customers need to verify if the machine meets such performance guarantees or not. A method is proposed to assess the resulting uncertainty of the total power consumption of a centrifugal compressor, based on the instruments measuring tolerances for inter-stage pressures, inter-stage temperatures and mass flow.The calculations are based on a Monte Carlo type simulation which generates random sets of inlet/outlet pressures and temperatures for the different compressor stages.Such numbers are generated in order to lie within the range of the expected value ± instrument tolerances. The same technique is used for the mass flow.A numerical example is given, in order to show how single instruments tolerances are cumulated; results may indicate which instrument to select (or discard) in order to obtain reasonable tolerances on the calculated power consumption.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Anastomotic leakage is one of the major complications that can occur after an esophagectomy. Usually, preemptive surgical intervention with prompt open drainage by cervical incision is the first choice. In our department, on the other hand, we perform intraluminal continuous decompression (ILCD) using a computer-controlled portable vacuum pump system (Thopaz®) as first-line therapy for leakage of the cervical anastomosis. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of this management.

 Thirty-eight patients who underwent esophagectomy and cervical anastomosis and were diagnosed with leakage between May 2005 and October 2019, were studied. Until July 2014, cervical incision was generally performed, and ILCD or nasoesophageal extraluminal drainage (NEED) was added in some cases (conventional group). Since August 2014, we have performed ILCD and have added NEED in patients for whom ILCD was ineffective. A cervical incision was made for refractory cases (ILCD group). These two groups were analyzed statistically. Fifteen (39.5%) of the 38 patients were treated as the conventional group, and the remaining 23 (60.5%) were treated as the ILCD group.

 Thirteen patients in the conventional group (86.7%) required a cervical incision. Eight patients in the ILCD group (34.8%) underwent cervical incision and 9 (39.1%) underwent NEED. Drinking water orally was resumed at a median (range) of 35 (6–284) days from leakage in the conventional group and 18 (0–111) days from leakage in the ILCD group. The time to oral drinking was significantly shorter in the ILCD group (p = 0.0365). Six patients in the conventional group (40%) and one patient in the ILCD group (4.3%) had Clavien-Dindo IIIb or higher complications, indicating a significantly lower rate in the ILCD group (p = 0.0096).

 The ILCD as first-line therapy is a minimally invasive treatment that effectively prevents exacerbation of leakage after subtotal esophagectomy.


We present an approximation theory for the extended answer set semantics, using the concept of an approximation constraint. Intuitively, an approximation constraint, while satisfied by a "perfect" solution, may be left unsatisfied in an approximate extended answer set. Approximations improve as the number of unsatisfied constraints decreases. We show how the framework can also capture the classical answer set semantics, thus providing an approximative version of the latter.


Sorghum seedling transplanting is an essential agricultural activity in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, conventional manual transplanting of sorghum is a time-consuming, labour-intensive, costly activity with a low transplanting rate, uneven plant distribution, and low degree of accuracy. In order to realize rapid and precise sorghum seedlings transplanting, a duckbill-type mechanism has been designed. This mechanism is a five-bar linkage consisting of two crankshafts, two connecting rods, and a duckbillshaped planter to improve the quality of transplanting operations. The study includes kinematic and synthesis analysis through MATLAB software, parts design, and motion analysis using SolidWorks software. After synthesis analysis using a genetic algorithm, the optimal length between the two cranks is 300 mm, the length of the upper crankshaft is 106 mm, the length of the connecting rod I is 169 mm, the length of the connecting rod II is 222 mm, and the length of the lower crankshaft is 67 mm. Furthermore, the speed and acceleration analysis show that the seedlings are planted with zero-speed operation to obtain a high perpendicularity qualification. The results show that the proposed planting mechanism meets the agronomic requirements of transplanted sorghum with a good transplanting rate.


Experiential learning in the field is central to the training of many helping professionals, and field education is the signature pedagogy for social work. Service-learning offers another opportunity for graduate students in the helping professions to get hands on training. Volunteering would also offer a hands-on learning experience but appears to be less common. This study interviewed 14 master of social work (MSW) students who volunteered at a healing camp for bereaved children and adolescents to explore their lived experiences. The study revealed both professional and personal themes, and these were compared to themes divulged by similar students participating in service-learning courses. Based on this study, the researchers concluded that volunteerism can be a valuable means for graduate students in the helping fields to experience personal and professional growth.


This paper aims at finding suitable method to analyze crime,on the basis of research,creating fuzzy neural network model to the inversion in many criminal cases division and the establishment of a representative crime cases.This research for establishing harmonious society and maintaining social stability and national development have very important significance.


The proliferation of smart vehicular terminals (VTs) and their resource hungry applications impose serious challenges to the processing capabilities of VTs and the delivery of vehicular services. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) offers a promising paradigm to solve this problem by offloading VT applications to proximal MEC servers, while TV white space (TVWS) bands can be used to supplement the bandwidth for computation offloading. In this paper, we consider a cognitive vehicular network that uses the TVWS band, and formulate a dual-side optimization problem, to minimize the cost of VTs and that of the MEC server at the same time. Specifically, the dual-side cost minimization is achieved by jointly optimizing the offloading decision and local CPU frequency on the VT side, and the radio resource allocation and server provisioning on the server side, while guaranteeing network stability. Based on Lyapunov optimization, we design an algorithm called DDORV to tackle the joint optimization problem, where only current system states, such as channel states and traffic arrivals, are needed. The closed-form solution to the VT-side problem is obtained easily by derivation and comparing two values. For MEC server side optimization, we first obtain server provisioning independently, and then devise a continuous relaxation and Lagrangian dual decomposition based iterative algorithm for joint radio resource and power allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that DDORV converges fast, can balance the cost-delay tradeoff flexibly, and can obtain more performance gains in cost reduction as compared with existing schemes.


In this study, the application of freeze-concentration method to treat low-concentration polluted water was demonstrated. The effects of stirring, the temperature in a freezing cabinet and the volume of water involved in the freeze-concentration treatment of pollutants were investigated under laboratory conditions. The removal of pollutant by freeze-concentration treatment was also attempted. Results had shown that the ratio of pollutants removed was about 83% when the experiment was carried out in the freezing cabinet. Therefore, the freeze-concentration method can become a powerful, simple and low-cost treatment method for polluted water in environment.


Long-mission multiprocessor systems in which direct human intervention is impossible, like satellites in space, require special attention of their lifetime reliability. Relying on the well established power reduction techniques which are frequently used in multiprocessors - power and clock gating, as well as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, we devise the Youngest-First Round-Robin (YFRR) core gating pattern to be used for reduction of aging effects i.e., lifetime extension of the system. The YFRR technique uses the information supplied by on-chip aging monitors placed in each multiprocessor core, in order to determine their relative age and construct the gating pattern. Furthermore, we introduce a simple analytical method based on theWeibul distribution in order to evaluate and estimate the lifetime reliability of multiprocessors that use core gating patterns. The analyses show an improvement of up to 32% when using the YFRR compared to a simple Round-Robin.


Recent research has demonstrated that longitudinal control strategies are useful in highway systems to regulate the spacing and velocity of vehicles. In this paper, a robust longitudinal control system for platoons of vehicles is designed. The proposed control scheme is composed of two different loops: the outer loop has to determine the traction force necessary to maintain the safety distance between the controlled vehicle and the preceding vehicle, while the inner loop is aimed at producing the desired traction force, calculated by the outer loop, by controlling the slip ratio. The unknown time-varying road conditions are taken into account by using an adaptive algorithm. The proposed controller enforces second order sliding modes, and, in contrast to conventional sliding mode controllers generates continuous control actions, thus resulting particularly suitable to be applied to automotive systems, where vibrations limitation is a crucial requirement.


The distribution zone of a 60 micron solids fluidized bed was probed with a newly-developed miniature, self-heating thermistor probe to define the gas jet, moving but non-fluidized solids, moving solids, emulsion, and bubble regimes. Data from probings at a gas entry velocity of 100 fps and superficial velocities of 1 and 2 fps and a gas entry velocity of 200 fps and a superficial velocity of 2 fps were used to generate three-dimensional interfaces for the several solids regimes. The effects of entrance velocity, superficial velocity, and type of air entry on location and magnitude of the several regimes are shown.


The most commonly used method to evaluate rainfall excess, is the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff curve number model. This method is based on the determination of the CN valuethat is linked with a hydrological soil group, cover type, treatment, hydrologic condition and antecedent runoff condition. To calculate the antecedent runoff condition the standard procedure needs to calculate the rainfall over the entire basin during the five days previous to the beginning of the event in order to simulate and then to use that volume of rainfall to calculate the antecedent moisture condition (AMC). This is necessary in order to obtain the correct curve number value. The value of the modified parameter is then kept constant throughout the whole event. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of improving the curve number method. The various assumptions are focused on modifying those related to rainfall and the determination of an AMC condition and their role in the determination of the value of the...


The livestock industry is susceptible to several diseases, of which Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one. FMD is neither a fatal nor zoonotic animal disease, but most animals less than one year of age are killed in about 80% of cases. FMD also causes reductions in yield and milk production. FMD is recognized as an economic disease because any outbreak will lead to a drastic reduction in the export market. This study is centered on livestock production in midwestern United States. The study incorporated the result from an epidemiology model into an equilibrium displacement model; this is used to determine the economic impact of the FMD outbreak on both consumers and producers. Three vaccination-to-die scenarios were simulated. Each scenario had 200 disease spread simulation runs. The economic impact results were presented with normal distribution curves in order to see how the economic impacts were distributed across the 200 runs in each scenario. Scenario 14 with 50 and 80 herds vaccination capacity at 22 and 40 days respectively, coupled with 50 km vaccination zone has the lowest negative impact on both consumer and producers. The diseases lasted for shorter period of time in scenario 14 than scenarios 2 and 12. Scenario 14 also has least number of animals killed. It can be concluded from the equilibrium displacement outcomes that the best mitigation strategy for the control of FMD is to have a large vaccination zone area, and increment in the vaccination capacity will also curb the disease on time.


This session explores a particular classroom application of the iPad and extends ongoing research on pedagogical applications of mobile multimedia databases in the physical education classroom. In this study, the researcher identified mobile small group demonstration capabilities and ease of video database access as key characteristics of the iPad as a teaching tool. The described uses include: leading demonstration and discussions, easy access to extension materials, and opportunities for scaffolding of learning materials. This research explores a specific application of the iPad mobile device in the classroom that is possible due to the device's large screen format. It extends the research on a specific classroom application of a mobile device and points to other potential applications. Further research exploring the extension of this iPad application to other body-kinesthetic teaching contexts, such as the general physical education classroom, is needed.


In Spain furniture did not begin to be dealt with as material for scholarly research —with notable exceptions— until the 1970s. Likewise at that time a new form of art sales appeared on the national scene in addition to antique and art dealers: auctions, invented in England 200 years earlier. Thus the scholarly and the commercial came together: rigorous publications, thorough studies and catalogues of furniture which encouraged the appearance of new pieces, in many instances via the channel of the art market- that in turn nourished serious studies. Consequently furniture began to be valued in the broadest sense of the term, leading to its conservation, its dissemination and fixing its monetary worth.


Abstract
This paper presents models for evaluating effects of implementing TDM schemes on road traffic with the consideration of uncertainty of travel times. The models are composed of drivers' behavioural model for identifying the optimal starting time and route with the designated time for arrival at the destination as well as dynamic traffic simulation model for estimating the change of travel times. A case study for applying the models on a test road network showed that TDM schemes of park and ride systems and road pricing enabled drivers to obtain benefits by improving the reliability of travel times as well as benefits by reducing travel times.


The endeavor of achieving high-quality of service, obtained from main objectives to the organization. Regardless, its nature, the health organization is one of these organizations which express the importance of high-quality achievement in its services clearly because its ةيبطلا تاناقتلا فيظوت قافآ ... ] ١٩٠ [ relation with human life. Moreover, the experts improved the importance of effective use of information technology in many activities, included health activities that mean. This research deals with two sensible variables in the organization life. The researchers supposed effective uses to the information technology as an independent variable that have an effective health services of high-quality when described as an independent variable. The researchers reached some conclusions depending on the above suggestion; they intent to collect the suitable data to test their supposition and this analysis lead to number of conclusions. This may be of the most important one to prove the role of technology in different uses in achieving high-quality health service. Depending on conclusion, they presented their suggestion; the important one was to encourage the decision marker in hospitals to give an independent technology with an appropriate interesting in order to enable hospitals in developing their services to meet the needs of beneficiary.


The B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup -} a{sub 1}{sup +} branching fraction has been measured with data collected by the BaBar experiment in 1999 and 2000 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 20.6 fb{sup -1}. Signal events have been selected using a partial reconstruction technique, in which only the a{sub 1}{sup +} and the slow pion ({pi}{sub s}) from the D*{sup -} decay are identified. A signal yield of 18400 {+-} 1200 events has been found, corresponding to a preliminary branching fraction of (1.20 {+-} 0.07(stat) {+-} 0.14(syst))%.


In the present research the evaluation of pollution was performed from lead, cadmium and arsenic in medicinal plants (Desmodium molliculum and Matricaria chamomilla) of the caserios neighboring the river Alto Chicama, district Usquil. The study areas selected were the caserios of San Carlos and Capachique, both neighboring the river Alto Chicama. also, was selected a control area, located in the caserio La Pampa , which is away of the river Alto Chicama. For this study, simple random sampling was used, applying the quadrant method for obtaining samples; the determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry was performed. From the results of the evaluation of contamination by lead, cadmium and arsenic, is higher in the neighboring caserios to the river Alto Chicama compared to the caserio La Pampa (control area). Likewise, the specie Desmodium molliculum had the highest concentration in Pb and As was obtained equal to 41,026 mg / kg and 2.805 mg/kg respectively, while specie Matricaria chamomilla obtained in Cd equal to 6,817 mg/kg. Was performed the evaluation of contamination by Pb, Cd y As, in Desmodium molliculum and Matricaria chamomilla in the caserios neighboring the river Alto Chicama considered securities ranges recorded by the University of Extremadura for plants and limits in vegetales concentration for medicinal use issued by the EMEA (European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products), resulting in it for medicinal plants (Desmodium molliculum and Matricaria chamomilla) the values obtained outperform in the present study the concentrations for lead and cadmium. However in the case of arsenic contamination results obtained are within the range recorded by the University of Extremadura and below the limit of the EMEA.


Abstract : Three areas of architecting science were investigated: (1) Tradespace exploration is a conceptual design tool used to compare thousands of designs. Flexibility, the ability to dynamically change systems to mitigate risk or leverage opportunity, is difficult to assess within static tradespaces. A metric to identify valuably flexible designs in a tradespace, Value Weighted Filtered Outdegree, was developed and applied to a satellite radar and ORS case, and shown to identify designs that would not have been identified with existing tradespace metrics. (2) One cited mechanism for accommodating uncertainty in design is to embed flexibility. A new framework was developed in the research to aid the design of a flexible system. Change propagation analysis was extended for analysis of systems with heterogeneous relationships between components, using filtered outdegree analysis to quantify flexibility. (3) Decision makers utilize multiple criteria and many levels of reasoning to understand complex multivariate data. They can be aided by direct-perception decision-support systems of configural rather than separable displays. An experiment compared performance across different levels of reasoning, finding that configural display promoted better performance and more efficient eye fixation patterns at the highest level of reasoning than the separable display, and was the subjective tool of choice.


Ethical issues pervade engineering practice. Ethical problems are ill‐structured with alternative solutions, perspectives, and rationales for justifying solutions to ethical problems. We describe studies examining argumentation as a pedagogical strategy for engaging engineering students in ethical problem solving.


The contribution deals with a creation of a motivational climate from a point of view of children and young adult's category members coach and which should result both in the fostering of intrinsic motivation and enhancing of satisfaction with training sessions. Children and youth athletes require a different approach than adults in a matter of motivation as well as a matter of satisfaction and this is the reason why some trainers tend to fail in the preparation of training unit. There is a number of studies about these topics, but there are basically a little bit of comprehensive materials that can be used in practice. So this contribution therefore has a review character with the review question: Are there communication techniques and techniques for preparation of training unit that enhances satisfaction and intrinsic motivation among sporting children and youth? Data will be extracted from studies that include areas of pedagogy, psychology, management and environment of sport by following keywords: motivation, intrinsic motivation, external motives, satisfaction, children, youth and physical activities. Data will be synthesized by a narrative summary. Parts of the output are also practical examples of how psychologically affect children and young adults in sport. So this paper details techniques of creating exercises from psychological point of view, including the use of external and internal motives, as well as communication techniques that have an impact both on intrinsic motivation and satisfaction with training sessions. The basics of these techniques should know every trainer because psychological component plays a crucial role not only in sport performance but can also have far-reaching consequences for the future career of an athlete.


How a single cell made the leap to a complex organism is one of life9s great mysteries. Biologists have thought that new genes and gene networks would be needed to make possible the move to multicellularity. But, at least in green algae, that turns out not to be the case. On page 223 of this week9s issue of Science , a comparison between the genomes of the 2000-cell Volvox carteri and a single-celled green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , has revealed surprisingly few differences in their gene makeup.


In an multiprocessor environment, with applications running concurrently, the Operating System is responsible for optimizing the system utilization. The scheduler distributes processors among applications according to a scheduling policy. The system utilization depends on several factors such as the number of processors assigned to an application, the placement of these processors or the amount of time that the processors are assigned to an application. Since the processor scheduler is normally integrated with the Operating System, users can not control the scheduling of their applications. In this work we present the structure of a user-level processor a scheduler implemented on top of IRIX6.5, to which, we will refer as CpuManager. The CpuManager will provide us a total control of the scheduling of the applications. This control will include the scheduling policies and the mechanism to carry out with the scheduling policy decisions. The aim of the CpuManager is to provide us a tool to analyze the effect of these different scheduling issues in the performance of both the individual applications and the global system utilization.


Objective To study using of ginseng polysugar on secretion function of female rat ovary.The experiment had observed progesterone and cAMP by HCG inducing luteal and granulose cell as well as living cell rate of oocyte in vitro.Methods Rat luteal and granulose cell and oocyte was cultivated,cell counting was worked by microscope,progesterone and cAMP content was determined by radioimmunoassay kit(RIA kit).Cell exist rate of oocyte was determined by MTT way.Results Progesterone: the luteal cell test groups compare with control group,6573.46±185.14 and(4509.55±126.82)pmol.The granulose cell test groups compare with control group,197.16±42.87 and(320.42±12.46)pmol.cAMP: the luteal cell test groups compare with control group,31.20±17.13and(65.26±15.93)fmol,the granulose cell test groups compare with control group,121.15±19.96 and(296.42±27.28)fmol.Conclusion This treatise had demonstrated that ginseng polysugar can inhibit HCG inducing progesterone secretion and enhancing cAMP content of luteal and granulose cell of rat,ginseng polysugar has lower oocytes cell grow up inhibitory rate.It is evident that ginseng polysugar possesses characteristic of dose dependent.


In this study, thermal-hydraulic characteristics of spent fuel pools are investigated by using CFD and MARS-KS. A Multi-D input-deck of MARS-KS and a CFD model are developed to analyze the three-dimensional flow and heat removal capacity in the spent fuel pool. This study comparatively evaluated the results of CFD and multi-D analysis of MARS-KS through the thermal-hydraulic analysis of spent fuel pool with various flow rate of cooling system. As a result, both analysis results of MARS-KS and CFD correspond to each other, in the bulk mean temperature and velocity distribution. The study also shows that the current configuration has enough cooling capability, although flow rate in the cooling system is reduced by 20%. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as important data for the transient analysis of spent fuel pool in case of the loss of off-site power.


The aim of this paper is to analyze in how far a consistent strategy can be developed using methane along the path from existing fossil fuel supply towards a sustainable energy supply infrastracture including fuel cells. This is the first of a three part analysis of the options for natual gas and methaner and the fuel cell technology as part of a closed cycle infrastructure. The transport sector is an important energy consumer and the impact of a methane infrastructure and the ongoing fuel cell development will be analyzed in a following paper. The impact of the population development and its challenges for such a roadmap will described in a third paper.


We present the results of a study of the porphyrin‐forming enzymes in the erythrocytes of a recently detected case of CBP, in the immediate family, and in the family of a second cousin who died in infancy with a clinical picture similar lo that seen in the present patient. Except for a moderate increase in the activity of the uroporphyrinogen synthetase in the patient's lysates no patological changes have been found either in the patient or in any of the other persons studied.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic disorder that reduces patients' quality‐of‐life. Although highly prevalent, little is known about patients' understanding of this disorder.


The aim of the paper is detecting the attitudes of society in Slovakia towards conventional and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). A modified methodological approach of Kano model was used for tracking the object under examination on a random set of 275 individuals from Slovakia. The stated hypothesis was that conventional medicine is preferred to complementary and alternative medicine. The results confirmed the society in Slovakia prefers conventional medicine to complementary and alternative in case of diseases. Complementary and alternative medicine is more used to reduce the symptoms associated with a disease or eliminate the side effects of conventional medicine.


The least possible jump for a degree of unsolvability a is its join a ∪ 0′ with 0′. Friedberg [1] showed that each degree b ≥ 0′ is the jump of a degree a realizing least possible jump (i.e., satisfying the equation a′ = a ∪ 0′). Sacks (cf. Stillwell [8]) showed that most (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) degrees realize least possible jump. Nevertheless, degrees not realizing least possible jump are easily found (e.g., any degree b ≥ 0′) even among the degrees <0′ (cf. Shoenfield [5]) and the recursively enumerable (r.e.) degrees (cf. Sacks [3]). A degree is called minimal if it is minimal in the natural partial ordering of degrees excluding least element 0. The existence of minimal degrees <0" was first shown by Spector [7]; Sacks [3] succeeded in replacing 0" by 0′ using a priority argument. Yates [9] asked whether all minimal degrees <0′ realize least possible jump after showing that some do by exhibiting minimal degrees below each r.e. degree. Cooper [2] subsequently showed that each degree b > 0′ is the jump of a minimal degree which, as corollary to his method of proof, realizes least possible jump. We show with the aid of a simple combinatorial device applied to a minimal degree construction in the manner of Spector [7] that not all minimal degrees realize least possible jump. We have observed in conjunction with S. B. Cooper and R. Epstein that the new combinatorial device may also be applied to minimal degree constructions in the manner of Sacks [3], Shoenfield [6] or [4] in order to construct minimal degrees <0′ not realizing least possible jump. This answers Yates' question in the negative. Yates [10], however, has been able to draw this as an immediate corollary of the weaker result by carrying out the proof in his new system of prioric games.


ABSTRACT Facing the invasion of foreign powers and the existence of consular jurisdiction, the Qing government started the legal system reform in the New Policy Reform in the 1900s. Headed by Shen Jiaben, the legal reformers followed the practice of European Continental Law and the Japanese legal system. They revised the traditional Chinese laws to achieve a legal system of lighter punishment, less cruelty and more equality. They also drafted new laws that did not exist before, such as criminal law, civil law, commercial law and procedural law. This reform broke the traditional Chinese system of legal codes in which all kinds of laws were included. The traditional Chinese legal system thus was quickly replaced by a modern legal system that composed of constitution, civil law, criminal law, civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, and administrative law. The legal reform in the late Qing, though profound and influential, reflected the characteristics of a transitional system in which the old and new coexisted and the Chinese and Western legal systems were combined.


The purpose of the issuance of this Government Regulation concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions is to ensure that the Regional Government does not take individual steps, so that with the existence of this Government Regulation, steps handling of Covid 19 can be in line with the Central Government. For this reason, the author is interested in conducting research with the aim of finding out whether Pergub Number 88/2020 is the implementing regulation of the legislation. This study uses a normative juridical approach. In conducting the research, the writer uses the library research method to review a statutory regulation, which can be obtained from a literature research by using primary, secondary, and tersier legal materials. Based on the discussion of this research, it is concluded that the Governor's Regulation Number 88 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in Handling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) which was issued first before the regional regulations that were formed later needed to be updated in substance into a Regional Regulation and issued back to the new Governor Regulation. This step is taken to ensure the synchronization of the national legal system by means of vertical synchronization and horizontal synchronization. In Government Regulation No. 38 of 2007 which is a derivative of Law no. 32 of 2004 regulates the division of government affairs between the Government, Province, and Regency/City.


Digital control systems with varying degrees of sophistication, are finding increasing applications in the steel industry. The authors outline one such system which has replaced the rather dated speed control equipment for a rotary crop shear. In addition to the usual features associated with digital control, the type of controller used retains some of the well appreciated features of the analogue controllers. The rotary crop shear, located between the roughing and finishing sections of the hot strip mill, crops the 'head' and 'tail' ends of the strip before the strip enters the finishing mill. Basic operation of this shear is described.<
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Six "divine conjectures" frame the place of Theone (The One to Whom we pray) in the creation of our universe and for its continuing development in five subsequent stages into a loving universe. The first stage, the cosmological universe, establishes the laws of nature, understood by scientists as the "standard model". The second stage introduces life and death into the universe by a process we are only now beginning to understand. Stage 3 requires certain life forms to become conscious with a subset of those life-forms acquiring language that results in that subset becoming self-conscious. The next stage, Conjecture 4, identifies certain persons who become addicted to learning in their unrelenting effort to learn as much of what can be known as possible. The fifth conjecture requires individual persons to act as agents of Theone in achieving Conjecture 6—a universe that is both loving and lawful. During the course of the exposition subsidiary discussions of the concepts of conjecture and hypothesis explicate the function of each in the advancement of knowledge and understanding. There are brief discussions of prayer and purpose in relation to the Divine.


Abstract. The Red-legged Cormorant (Phalacrocorax gaimardi) is a neotropical cormorant with a moderately small population and is currently categorized as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The Red-legged Cormorant is distributed only along the coasts of Peru, Argentina and Chile; however, the most important breeding population for this species occurs within a small area in Chile. Between 1998 and 2000, the entire breeding population size of the Red-legged Cormorant and its distribution in Chile were determined, but some areas were poorly surveyed. The breeding population sizes of the Red-legged Cormorant were surveyed along the Araucania coast, an area in south-central Chile not considered in previous studies. A total of 3,175 nests and 13,018 adults were distributed over 10 breeding colonies along the Araucania coast. Our results increased the known breeding population size of the Red-legged Cormorant in Chile by almost 62% (from 5,018–5,218 to 8,193–8,393 breeding pairs) and the rangewide population estimate by almost 43% (from 30,000 to 43,018 individuals). This area could be one of the most important breeding areas for this species throughout its range. Currently, the colonies of Piureo-Puaucho (1,506 nests), Nigue (1,009 nests) and Punta Ronca (Queule) (964 nests) represent almost 42% of the breeding population of this species in Chile, so these breeding sites should be a priority for conservation efforts.


Four-membered-ring cyclization from 8-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and chloro(1,5-hexadiene)rhodium(I) and C−C bond cleavage of the generated four-membered ring by dichlorotetrakis(ethylene)dirhodium(I) have been studied.


pretation of a couple of Archilochean sources. On the basis of the Totenmahl relief, C. insists that Archilochus was the first poet to become the recipient of cult, but this is of course impossible to prove. In ch.3, C. does consider the cult of other poets in various poleis, but here he sometimes dismisses such cults as late and less important than that of Archilochus. For example, at Certamen 17 we are told that the Argives were so pleased with the way Homer had honoured their ancestors that they sacrificed to him in their city and also sent sacrifices to Chios. C. dates these practices to Antonine times (63), but if we read Certamen 17 together with Acusilaus of Argos, FGrHist 2 F 2, and Hdt. 5.67, we find that the Argives were already proud of the way Homer had depicted their ancestors in the Archaic period and that they already had views about Homer's special links to Chios back then. Complicated arguments similar to the ones C. constructs for Archilochus can also be adduced to suggest that other poets were the object of cult in the Archaic and Classical periods. One reason why C. focuses on Archilochus seems to be that he believes him to have been worshipped both as poet and as warrior in the Archaic period, thus providing a neat point of transition from hero cult to the cult of poets. C. is right to emphasize the connections between these two kinds of worship, and the last sections of his book are particularly useful in this respect, but it seems that poets were honoured in ancient Greece in a variety of ways, some very similar to hero cult, others less so. Alcidamas, fr. 13 Avezzii, for example, suggests that poet worship did not always focus on tombs or sanctuaries.


The author analyzes the market demand of the talents of the architectural decoration,discusses the necessity of strengthening the design ability training of the students,detailedly introduces the teaching method and the countermeasure of strengthening the design ability training of the students,and to improve the quality of the students and train the high-quality talents of the architectural decoration engineering for the society.


This tutorial describes the activities and work products that contribute to the specification and validation of the software requirements of a system. Although requirements practices are closely related to specific software development life cycle models, the general activities described in this paper are common to most process models. The activities of elicitation, analysis, specification, validation, and requirements management are discussed and recommended practices in each of those areas are highlighted. Characteristics of a quality requirements specification are also described. .


Typically, consumers experience power outages as a result of transmission system issues. Transmission lines are one of the most used technical systems for transporting large amounts of electricity from one part of a country to the farthest point in the opposite direction. The transmission lines traverse many terrain types and geographic regions, which makes them more sensitive to various types of atmospheric disasters and causes frequent line faults and power outages. Therefore, power system reliability and power loss are important, since if these losses are higher than the industry norm, the amount of power accessible to customers will be reduced. Power from a distributed generator (DG) system is incorporated into a power system in this study to improve the power system reliability, average energy not supplied (AENS), and reduce transmission line losses. The results of an optimal DG installation are gained from the penetration of distributed generation in an IEEE 14-bus system by using the Evolutionary Programming (EP) optimization technique. The results prove that with the use of EP optimization, power system reliability can be improved post optimization.


A Buckingham-type of polarization potential with an energy-dependent cut-off parameter is used to calculate differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons by helium and hydrogen atoms. The parameter has been obtained in terms of target properties. The results for E=200-500 eV for helium and those for E=100 and 200 eV for hydrogen are in good agreement with various experiments and with other sophisticated theoretical calculations.


The Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR (NPI), a public research organization, is the major Czech institution in the field of nuclear physics. The institute, belonging to the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, is located together with some other research organizations at the area of village Řež about 20 km north of Prague (see issue cover). The institute's staff comprises about 200 people including about 90 researchers. Moreover, about 35–40 diploma and Ph.D. students do their work at the NPI laboratories.


Summary.  Background: Melioidosis is a frequent cause of sepsis in Southeast Asia caused by the Gram‐negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Patients with melioidosis have elevated circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1), an important regulator of inflammation and fibrinolysis. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PAI‐1 during melioidosis. Methods: Wild‐type (WT) and PAI‐1‐deficient (PAI‐1–/1−/−) mice were intranasally infected with B. pseudomallei. Mice were killed after 24, 48 or 72 h. Lungs, liver and blood were harvested for measurement of bacterial loads, cytokines, clinical chemistry, histopathology, and coagulation parameters. Additionally, survival studies were performed. Results: PAI‐1−/− mice demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to B. pseudomallei infection, as shown by a strongly increased mortality rate (100% vs. 58% among WT mice, P < 0.001), associated with enhanced bacterial loads in lungs, liver, and blood. Additionally, PAI‐1−/− mice showed elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and plasma, accompanied by enhanced local and systemic coagulation activation (thrombin–antithrombin complexes and D‐dimer), increased hepatocellular injury (plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), and renal failure (plasma creatinine and urea). Conclusions: PAI‐1 has a protective role during severe Gram‐negative sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei by limiting bacterial growth, inflammation, and coagulation, and probably, as a consequence thereof, distant organ injury.


Simple Summary The weathering time of cuticular hydrocarbons from the puparium could assist in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) of decomposed corpses. However, the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons in the puparium is complicated and has not been well studied for sarcophagid species. Therefore, we examined the compounds of Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) at varying temperatures and used various machine learning models to predict the weathering time. The artificial neural network (ANN) model may be optimal for weathering time estimation. Abstract Empty puparium are frequently collected at crime scenes and may provide valuable evidence in cases with a long postmortem interval (PMI). Here, we collected the puparium of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) for 120 days at three temperatures (10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C) with the aim to estimate the weathering time of empty puparium. The CHC profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The partial least squares (PLS), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to estimate the weathering time. This identified 49 CHCs with a carbon chain length between 10 and 33 in empty puparium. The three models demonstrate that the variation tendency of hydrocarbon could be used to estimate the weathering time, while the ANN models show the best predictive ability among these three models. This work indicated that puparial hydrocarbon weathering has certain regularity with weathering time and can gain insight into estimating PMI in forensic investigations.


Selection of Phytoremediation Species for Heavy Metal Polluted Soil in Mining Area Lei Lv, Jinyan Geng, Yunxin Huang, Kun Jia, Wenting Dai School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, China Email:firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract With the increase of mineral resources exploitation, the heavy metal pollution of the soil in mining area is gradually increasing. Phytoremediation of polluted soil is an important and emerging method to deal with the heavy metal pollution in soil. Based on the traditional methods of phytoremediation in heavy metal polluted soils, this paper analyzed all the methods of the selection of phytoremediation species, and summarized the common selection indexes and process; combining with the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of soils in mining area, proposed appropriate selection requirements to phytoremediation; determined the selection process of phytoremediation species in mining area. It provides theoretical support and promotion to the phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils in mining area.


Ventricular shunts (VS) are still the main therapy for hydrocephalus in children. Although many lives can be saved with this procedure, shunts are notoriously prone to complications. Among these, infection is the most difficult to deal with. This paper evaluates most aspects of shunt infection, such as etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and associated complications. Literature shows that the majority of infections are caused by Staphylococcus, although other microorganisms can be involved, such as Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasma. Etiology is thus variable and medical personnel should be aware of it. Due to the potential of VS infection to provoke increasing morbidity and mortality in children, the importance of a correct and fast diagnosis should be stressed out to secure a suitable treatment. Additionally, there isn't a uniform protocol worldwide regarding the use of antibiotics, so it often depends on the physicians suggestion and the preference of the hospital's microbiology team. This situation reinforces the need for frequent update to the most recent literature available. Ventricular shunts (VS) are still the main therapy for hydrocephalus in children. Although many lives can be saved with this procedure, shunts are notoriously prone to complications. Among these, infection is the most difficult to deal with. This paper evaluates most aspects of shunt infection, such as etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and associated complications. Literature shows that the majority of infections are caused by Staphylococcus, although other microorganisms can be involved, such as Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasma. Etiology is thus variable and medical personnel should be aware of it. Due to the potential of VS infection to provoke increasing morbidity and mortality in children, the importance of a correct and fast diagnosis should be stressed out to secure a suitable treatment. Additionally, there isn't a uniform protocol worldwide regarding the use of antibiotics, so it often depends on the physicians suggestion and the preference of the hospital's microbiology team. This situation reinforces the need for frequent update to the most recent literature available.


Multiplane switches present a special interest in the field of ATM switching as they are high-performance scaleable architectures. Not only are they efficient in terms of performance but they also offer a high-degree of reliability, an issue which is very critical to ATM networks. We present a number of different switching architectures based on multiplane designs. We study and analyze them under various performance metrics, such as throughput, mean waiting time and cell drop probability, for which we derive exact analytical and numerical expressions, given a homogeneous traffic model. We elaborate also on their implementation suitability and the various tradeoffs that can emerge.


Mataram University Elementary Education Study Program to become professional elementary teacher candidates in terms of knowledge, practice, and attitude, as well as to describe the dominant factors that hinder the readiness to become professional elementary teacher candidates. This type of research is a quantitative survey method. Instruments for collecting test data, questionnaires, and observation sheets. This study aims to obtain an overview of the characteristics of the population related to the readiness of students to become professional elementary teacher candidates. The population in this research is Mataram University. The sampling technique used is area sampling. The results of this study indicate in terms of knowledge about students and how to learn the results of the analysis show an average value of 25.74 in the high category. This shows that students are ready to become professional elementary teachers. While the questionnaire on the ability to carry out learning when viewed from the average value, which is 136.24 in the high category. In the aspect of perception of being an elementary teacher, the average score is 103.60 with the agree category. Furthermore, on the confidence data to become a professional elementary teacher, the data analysis results obtained an average of 140.04 with the agree category. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.


Ever-increasing demands have been placed upon the health care system by our civilization, demands which have produced requirements for diagnostic and monitoring instrumentation and techniques with capabilities far exceeding anything imagined a few years ago, for prosthetic devices (and even systems) with which the physician can offer exciting opportunities for a more useful and satisfying life to many members of our society, and even for improved health delivery techniques which will utilize our health care resources in an optimal manner. With these many unique demands came a requirement for the development of a technology to meet these demands. And so the need for the biomedical engineer, and biomedical engineering, developed. Before discussing biomedical engineering education, some brief summary of the history of the profession seems in order, since the historical development of biomedical engineering has had a profound effect upon the education of the bioengineer. Attention should be called to a useful and interesting article by Nevins2, which offers an excellent 'in depth' treatment of the history of bioengineering and bioengineering education, including an extensive biblioHistorically, bioengineering was difficult to identify prior to World War 11, although in a variety of areas of technical application-sanitary engineering, heating and air conditioning engineering, as well as certain areas of industrial engineering to mention but a few-the engineer was indeed concerned with the interaction of engineering and biology. Through the 1950s, increased need for medical instrumentation generated interest in medical electronics to the point that the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) sponsored a number of technical sessions devoted to medical electronics. Of course, from this developed the Joint Committee on Engineering in Biology and Medicine (JCEMB). This same period of time saw the extensive interest in development and refinement of artificial kidneys as well as pump oxygenator systems-heart lung machines, if you will-for cardiac surgery. The space 'explosion' of the 1960s brought great advances in electronics and many of these advances found immediate application in the development of systems for physiological monitoring of man in space. These same applications were also incorporated in the medical electronics now commonly employed by health care professionals. Another contribution to bioengineering from the space-oriented '60s was the great variety of new materials, many of which found immediate application in bioengineering. Perhaps the best indication of the broad interest in bioengineering may be found by examining the contents of the Proceedings of the Conference on Engineering in Biology and Medicine. The broad participation by basic scientists, physicians, and applied scientists indicates clearly the acceptance of bioengineering in today's world.


The sparse modeling methods using water quality information as explanatory variables enable us to appropriately predict virus inactivation efficiency in wastewater treatment plants.


Three hypotheses concerning the relationships between the overconfidence phenomenon. Which designates the tendancy of probability accessors to produce too extreme probability distributions, and the information characteristics (inferential value, redundancy and quantity) are discussed and tested. The difference in degree of overconfidence between two groups of accessors, occidental group and non-occidental group, is also examined.


Abstract BACKGROUND: BRAF mutations occur in 50% of melanoma patients. Targeted agents – BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immunotherapy improve survival of melanoma patients with BRAF mutations. These agents have intracranial efficacy as shown in clinical trials. However, the efficacy of immunotherapies (immune checkpoint blockade) in melanoma brain metastases and the correlation with BRAF status is not as well characterized. METHODS: We reviewed 351 patients with melanoma brain metastases treated at our tertiary care center between 2000 and 2018, 75 of which received immunotherapy with known BRAF mutational status. Two-year, 5-year, and median overall survival (OS) was calculated from the start of immunotherapy to compare the efficacy of immunotherapy in BRAF mutant and BRAF wild type patients using the log-rank test. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis of brain metastasis, the median age was 61 (23–87) years, median KPS was 80 (50–100), number of intracranial lesions was 2 (1–15), and 79% had extra-cranial metastases. Sixty-three patients were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), 27 underwent whole brain radiation (WBRT) and 21 underwent surgery. When treated with immunotherapy, BRAF mutant and BRAF wild type median survival was 15.7 months (95% CI=9.4 – 42.4) and 6.9 (95% CI=4.1– 26.7) months (p-value=0.205), respectively. Two-year BRAF mutant and BRAF wild type survival was 35% (95% CI=21 – 58) and 28% (95% CI=16 – 51), and 5-year survival was 22% (95% CI=10 – 46) and 23% (95% CI=11 – 47), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty percent of patients with BRAF mutant and BRAF wild-type patients treated with immunotherapy derive a long-term benefit from immunotherapy and multimodality treatment and are alive 5 years from diagnosis of brain metastases. This was rarely seen in the pre-immunotherapy era in melanoma brain metastases. There was no difference in outcome based on the BRAF mutational status with use of immunotherapy in melanoma brain metastases.


The electronic states of nickel in diamond were calculated by a discrete-variational Xα (DV-Xα) method. Model clusters used for substitutional and interstitial Ni sites were [ NiC28H36]- ( Ni\sits- center) and [NiC30H40]+ ( Nii+ center), respectively. Superhyperfine constants for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were estimated from results of DV-Xα calculation and were compared with measured values. A triply degenerate state with total spin S=3/2 appears in the Nis--center and a half-filled doubly degenerate state with total spin S=1/2 appears in the Nii+-center. The total spin and electron occupancy of these clusters agree with the assignments of the EPR spectra. The electron population analysis result indicated that the Ni+ ion at the tetrahedral interstitial site formed more ionic bonding than the Ni- ion at the substitutional site. Superhyperfine interactions between Ni and the nearest-neighbor carbons were calculated as a function of Ni–C bond length, suggesting that a lattice relaxation occurred for the Ni–C bond to be elongated in the Nis- center.


Obesity in adults and children is characterized by epidemiological prevalence with a tendency to increase. Purpose of the study- to analyze the lipid profile in overweight children, depending on the presence of insulin resistance. 247 overweight and obese children aged 2 to 18 were examined, including 160 boys and 87 girls. Obesity was diagnosed if the BMI exceeded 97 percentile, according to gender and age. Assessment of the lipid profile included measurements of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. To evaluate the parameters of the lipid profile, we used the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) according to the latest edition (2006). We analyzed lipid values depending on the presence or absence of insulin resistance. BMI was also evaluated according to Z-BMI. Insulin resistance was detected in 69.9% of children. Hyperlipidemia was detected in 24.9% of children and dyslipidemia in 83% of the children examined. A change was found in all indicators of the lipid profile, depending on the presence of insulin resistance. A significant increase in Z-BMI was revealed depending on the presence of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Most overweight children have insulin resistance and dyslipidemia; the type of dyslipidemia in children with obesity directly depends on the presence of insulin resistance.


In these expository notes, we give an introduction to $p$-adic $L$-functions and the foundations of Iwasawa theory. Firstly, we give an (analytic) measure-theoretic construction of Kubota and Leopoldt's $p$-adic interpolation of the Riemann zeta function, a $p$-adic analytic encoding of Kummer's congruences. Second, we give Coleman's (arithmetic) construction of the $p$-adic Riemann zeta function via cyclotomic units. Finally, we describe Iwasawa's (algebraic) construction via Galois modules over the Iwasawa algebra. The Iwasawa Main conjecture, now a theorem due to Mazur and Wiles, says that these constructions agree. We will state the conjecture precisely, and give a proof when $p$ is a Vandiver prime (which conjecturally covers every prime). Throughout, we try to indicate how the various constructions and arguments have been generalised, and how they connect to more modern research topics.


This research aims to find out the judex factie misapplication in assessing the witness information evidence a de charge and the defendant's alibi and to find out the supreme court's legal argumentation in examining and sentencing the rationale of the public prosecutor's appeal to the supreme court against the freedom verdict in the planned murder case.
This study was a normative law research that is prescriptive in nature. The material used consisted of primary and secondary law materials. Techniques of collecting law materials in this research were library study by collecting the legislations, books and other supporting documents such as the supreme court of ri's verdict no 1562 k/pid/2005. In this writing, the writer employed an analysis with deductive method departing from proposing major premise of code of criminal procedure and minor premise of the supreme court of ri's verdict no 1562 k/pid/2005. From both premises, a conclusion was then drawn to get an answer to the problem statement whether or not the judex factie misapplication in assessing the witness information evidence a de charge and the defendant's alibi as the rationale of the public prosecutor's appeal to the supreme court against the freedom verdict in the planned murder case has been consistent with the article 253 of kuhap (code of criminal procedure) and whether or not the supreme court's legal argumentation in examining and sentencing the rationale of the public prosecutor's appeal to the supreme court against the freedom verdict in the planned murder case has been consistent with the article 253 of kuhap (code of criminal procedure).
Based on the result of research and discussion, the following conclusions could be drawn. Firstly, the judex factie misapplication in assessing the witness information evidence a de charge and the defendant's alibi as the rationale of the public prosecutor's appeal to the supreme court against the freedom verdict in the planned murder case has been consistent with the article 253 of kuhap. Secondly, the supreme court's legal argumentation in examining and sentencing the rationale of the public prosecutor's appeal to the supreme court against the freedom verdict in the planned murder case has been consistent with the kuhap.


Encapsulated tunable electromechanical oscillators are a milestone on the road to smart dust sensor nodes. To foster the advent of ultrahigh system sensitivity thanks to novel technologies, a computationally light analytical and semi-empirical model for carbon nanotube resonator dynamics, electromechanical and piezoresistive properties is presented. This model is the breeding ground for the subsequent design and integration of a phase locked loop and feedback circuitry, which form an adaptive closed-loop oscillator for actuation, detection and sustainment of the nanotube's motion. Closed-loop operation and tube stretching make the system widely universal and invariant to spreads in nanotube characteristics.


The authors describe briefly 4 cases of gingival hypertrophy among 200 observed in women taking oral contraceptives. The women ranged from a primipara who took the pill for ovarian cyst to an obese mother of 10. The formulations taken were 4.925 mg norethynodrel and .075 mg mestranol 1 mg ethynodiol diacetate and .1 mg mestranol 2 mg ethynodiol diacetate and .1 mg mestranol; and 4 mg megestrol acetate and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol. These cases were typical in that symptoms appeared rapidly within the first cycle in 2 women the second cycle in another and within 6 cycles in the youngest. The disorder appears identical to premenstrual and pregnancy gingivitis is resistant to local therapy can be differentiated from pyorrhea by the absence of suppuration and regresses rapidly on discontinuing pills. 4 stages (Barber classification) are described. The authors concluded that the intensity of clinical signs was correlated with estrogen-to-progestagen ratio and duration of intake.


Objective:To analyze the perinatal effect of low molecular heparin calcium combined with salvia miltiorrhiza on early onset severe pre-eclampsia.Methods:116 patients with early onset severe pre-eclampsia at 26~34 weeks of gestational age were divided into four groups by volunteered,including Group A(32 patients): magnesium sulfate conventional treatment;Group B(28 patients): magnesium sulfate+low molecular heparin calcium;Group C(30 patients): magnesium sulfate+salvia miltiorrhiza;Group D(26 patients): magnesium sulfate+salvia miltiorrhiza+low molecular heparin calcium.Time of prolonged gestational age,umbilical arterial S/D ratio,amniotic fluid index,placenta weight,neonatal weight and Apgar score were measured.Results:The time of prolonged gestational age in group D was the longest.In group D,umbilical arterial S/D ratio was decreased,amniotic fluid index and neonatal weight were increased,the neonatal Apgar score was improved.Compared with the other three groups,there were significant differences(P0.05).In group D,placenta weight was increased,there was significant difference between group D and group A(P0.05).Compared with group B and group C,there were no differences(P0.05).Conclusion:Low molecular heparin calcium combined with salvia miltiorrhiza could improve the function of placenta,prolong gestational age and significantly improve neonatal prognosis of early onset severe pre-eclampsia.The application of low molecular heparin calcium combined salvia miltiorrhiza is more synergy than by single.


This paper reviews financing mechanisms for airports and air traffic control. Cost allocation and pricing systems (residual costs and compensatory systems) are analyzed. A change to Hopkinson tariffs and from centralized planning to more market-based approaches is advocated.


Both Nature and Science lead the news week with coverage of Russia's new science directive: that all contacts made by Russian researchers with foreigners be reported in detail.


assumptions of conventionalist analysis for those equally strong behavioral assumptions of institutional realists. Finally, how does prisoner A know that prisoner B is a cooperative type? According to Grafstein (p. 115), there are two possibilities, the first of which is something of a leap into the unknown. Namely, that the coincidence of behavior may not be linked to causal factors because of a physical law; that is, since subatomic particles can spin at the same speed although unrelated, there may be some physical law at work here that we don't know about. Alternatively (and closer to his theme), perhaps both A and B have 'experienced] common socialization patterns, schooling, and so forth'. More generally, existing institutions may have made it highly likely that prisoner B is like prisoner A. But 'highly likely' is not certainty. There is, then, at least some speculation on A's part as to B's character, and therefore what B's response will be speculation that's built into a conditional probability calculus. Nevertheless, given the behavioral assumptions, compliance is likely to win hands down. Conventionalists might interpret this as an abrogation of free will, but for Grafstein it is merely a matter of rationally maximizing conditional expected utility. So, should a conventionalist spend thirty dollars to buy this book? In my estimation it's certainly worth reading (if not buying), simply because the sheer force of Grafstein's presentation will make you examine and reexamine your conventionalist position and he might even convince you.


Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are considered due to unimpressive oil recovery, limited oil reserves, and non-applicability of primary recovery methods in some (heavy oil) fields. In Nigeria, preparation is in gear towards implementing EOR projects. This paper therefore reviews the global trend of EOR practices and discusses Nigeria's present status, prospects, and challenges. Most EOR projects are employed in sandstone (high permeability) reservoirs; hence based on lithological considerations, all EOR methods are feasible in Nigeria. However, miscible hydrocarbon gas injection is found to be a very good EOR choice because it would drastically reduce the uneconomical practice of gas flaring; besides, transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and flue gas is virtually non-existent in Nigeria. Chemical (especially surfactant) flooding is costly; hence it would be feasible in Nigeria if oil price is high. At present, cost implications of heat treatment facilities may be an impedance to implementing thermal EOR for heavy oil in Nigeria. Though microbial EOR is the cheapest, it is not favorable in high temperature (above 85 o C), high salinity (above 100,000 ppm) and deeper (beyond 3,500m) reservoirs. For EOR practices to thrive in Nigeria, there should be an extensive economic evaluation and forecasting, effective research and development, effective training of technical staff for proper operation, surveillance and maintenance of EOR projects, implementation of health, safety and Review Article Alawode and Falode; CJAST, 40(8): 79-92, 2021; Article no.CJAST.51382 80 environmental (HSE) guidelines, low inflation rates, low interest rates on loans, general price stability, favorable tax policy, low import duties on machineries and equipment used for EOR, modified private market decisions and encouraging legal and regulatory framework.


Abstract "Onion peeling", Abel transformation and Fourier convolution reconstruction techniques have been compared in terms of their ability to accurately reconstruct axisymmetric, non-reacting and reacting flow fields from computer simulated absorption measurements. The effect of the shape of the flow field, the number of measurements and the measurement error on reconstruction accuracy are studied. The reconstruction techniques are shown to yield different results from the same set of absorption data. The reasons for this are discussed. Analysis of the frequency spectrum of the data is shown to be very useful for estimating the number of measurements required for adequate sampling and for determining the cut-off frequency for selectively filtering high frequency noise components from measurements with random error. The effect of measurement error on the reacting flow reconstructions was found to be greatest in the temperature profiles.


The CDC has released a report on the effect of assisted reproductive technology on multiple births, low birth weight, and preterm weight.


Biased declarative questions in Swedish and German: The syntax of negation meets modal particles (väl and doch wohl). Heiko Seeliger & Sophie Repp May 2017 This paper investigates a class of biased questions with declarative syntax in Swedish and German that differ in their bias from the familiar class of declarative questions: rejecting questions (RQs), which may occur with or without negation. We provide a semanticpragmatic analysis of RQs and show for negative RQs that the negation is nonpropositional. We analyse the non-propositional negation as the speech-act modifying operator FALSUM (REPP 2009, 2013). In both languages, FALSUM interacts with modal particles whose meanings relate to contrast and the epistemic state of the speaker. We propose that the illocutionary operator in RQs is REJECTQ, which is an operator that comes with presuppositions that are the source of the particular bias of RQs.


The intelligent transportation systems (ITS) onboard system architecture (SA) was constructed using the object-oriented method and consists of the logical architecture and physical architecture. The former architecture defines 45 sub-services to be provided via in-vehicle systems, and the latter architecture represents the results of a study concerning the optimum functional configuration at each stage of development envisioned for ITS in the years 2003, 2008 and 2018. After the resulting data were compiled into comprehensive reports, discussions were held on ways of enabling people participating in ITS projects to use this mammoth body of complicated information effectively to accomplish the objectives of their work. Toward that end, the data were organized into a database so that people involved in ITS projects can access essential information whenever necessary in carrying out their activities even if they are not specialists. Another purpose was to enable designers to make use of the information as fundamental data for designing individual systems with the object-oriented method. The data stored in the database were then analyzed from the standpoint of commonality among communication paths, information and sub-services in order to identify major ITS-related items that should be standardized. The results of that analysis were compiled into "standardization guidelines" for reference by organizations responsible for developing related standards. In addition, an information architecture was constructed with an eye toward promoting the development of standards for traveler information services. That involved specifying the details of information regarding services related to the ITS onboard SA and analyzing the value of information from a business standpoint. Furthermore, this information architecture was expressed concretely to the application level with the aim of promoting the development of standard specifications concerning next-generation applications and the formation of a consensus among related industries. A case study was also carried out for the purpose of preparing plans for conducting a field trial.


One of the problems in the design of powerline EMI filters is the uncertainty and ambiguity of their source/load impedances which results in breach of expected filter parameters in a real installation. To cover the uncertainty of these terminating impedances, the producers of the filters usually give for their EMI filters the measured insertion loss in several different impedance conditions. This measurements are usually done in harmony with the international standard CISPR 17. These measurements cover frequency range up to 30 MHz and they are also time consuming. In past the author provide several approaches to come up with the method for creation the EMI filter model directly from measured data in the 50 Ω/50 Ω. This approach is complicated by the ignorance of the real spurious components of the EMI filter. So for this reason, this article is focused on the identification of this spurious components of the EMI filters. Each branch of the filter is measured separately by the VNA and after that the performance is compared with the data taken from the simulations. The resonance frequencies are nicely significant in measured data and in calculated as well.


The dimensioning of injection heads for the extrusion of rubber profiles is exclusively based on empiric knowledge of the non-linear viscoelastic flow behavior of elastomers especially of the so-called die swell. Thus, the design of injection heads is carried out with subject to the used rubber blend, whereas the geometry of the appropriate profile is achieved by empiric adaptation of the extrusion die. This adaptation process is mainly influenced by the swelling after the extrusion of rubber and is carried out in up to three steps. The disadvantages of the current production process are the process technology which is non-reproducible over a long time frame and the design of dies which is connected with long development time. This affects the capacity of the running production relevantly. This fact was one of the motivations for a research project concerning the characterization of the die swell properties of rubber blends. The research work is performed in cooperation with Semperit Technische Produkte Ges.m.b.H.


The banana fusarium wilt is a kind of fascicular system disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fs.p.cubense.It often results in destructive extermination of banana production and brought serious economic loss and it is caused worldwide attentions.In order to solve this difficult problem,scientists have done lots of related researches.This paper reviews all the progress from following aspects: distributions and damages of banana fusarium wilt,possible mechanisms of banana resistance to fusarium wilt,and anti-fusarium wilt breeding of banana.It especially emphasizes on breeding methods and its achievement,such as bud mutation selection breeding,tissue culture mutation selection breeding,cross breeding,toxin screening breeding,somatic cell hybridization breeding,and gene engineering breeding,and so on.Finally,their development trend is prospected.