Postpartum depression (PPD) is a depressive disorder that affects women who have just given birth. Women with PPD experience a wide range of symptoms, the most common of which include prolonged crying episodes, withdrawal from family and friends, disinterest in her newborn, and overwhelming feelings of guilt or doubt over her ability to raise her new baby. These symptoms last longer and are more intense than those experienced during "baby blues", which is characterized by feelings of worry, sadness, and tiredness caused by the drastic hormonal changes experienced after birth. Research from the CDC has shown that 1 in 9 women will experience postpartum depression in her lifetime and that those who had preterm or complicated births, multiple births, low social support, or especially high levels of stress were at higher risk for developing PPD. Teen pregnancy and motherhood was also found to be a risk factor.


Variously colored abalone (Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, 1864) is the one of 22 protected species by Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Area. In 1987, the yield of abalone was 37 tons per year, but it was reduced to 5 tons per year in 1992 and before the year of 2013, the yield is less than 1 ton per year [3]. Acording to the survey in October, 1974 the density ranged from 1 to 4 individuals/500 m2, the average for the all of island is 1.25 individuals/500 m2, the current reserve of variously colored abalone is about 0.05 tons. Some of the major causes of abalone depletion include the use of destructive fishing practices such as mines, cyanides, asynchronous development of infrastructure, and sources of pollution... Some solutions to recover the source of profit from abalone such as: The management board of Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Area and competent authorities have to strengthen communication activities to protect the natural environment, resources as well as to have strong sanctions to strictly handle the environmental pollution activities, illegal methods of fishing. There is a need of research plan to rehabilitate Sargassum and reproduce abalone to return to natural enviroment. To invest in scientific research, to build the facilities and equipments for the management board of Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Areas should be paid attention.


Usually, a clinical trial in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis aiming to demonstrate that a new antirheumatic drug treatment can inhibit progression of structural damage has a 'superiority design': The new treatment is compared to placebo or to another active treatment. Currently, many new drug treatments have shown to be able to completely suppress progression (progression rates close to zero). For largely unknown reasons, during the last 10 years, radiographic progression rates in clinical trials have gradually decreased, so that progression rates in the comparator groups are often too low to demonstrate meaningful inhibition, and thus superiority of the new treatment. We here propose an alternative framework to demonstrate that new treatments have the ability to 'preserve structural integrity' rather than to 'inhibit radiographic progression'. Anno 2013, preserving structural integrity is conceptually more realistic than inhibiting radiographic progression.


A morphing wing, composed of flexible extrados, rigid intrados and a Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) actuator group located inside the wing box, is used to adapt an airfoil profile to variable flight conditions. The SMA actuator group developed for the morphing wing prototype consists of three main subsystems: the SMA active element, the transmission system, and the passive bias element. The functional requirements for the actuator group were determined using a coupled fluid-structure model of the flexible extrados. An original design approach was applied to determine the geometry and assembly conditions of the SMA active elements. For validation purposes, the morphing wing powered by SMA actuators was tested in a wind tunnel under subsonic flight conditions (Mach = 0.2 to 0.3 and α = −1 to 2°). The ability of the actuator group to move the flexible extrados up to 8 mm of vertical displacement and to bring it back to the initial profile has been successfully proven for all of the wind tunnel testing conditions. During the repetitive actuation, the force, displacement and temperature of the SMA active elements were measured and the results obtained in the force-displacement-temperature space were used to validate the SMA performances predicted during the design phase.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Communication and information are integral parts of the education process and thus the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education management systems comes naturally. Many business organisations, schools and universities are gradually increasing the use of ICT to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of administration. This paper presents the implementation of an automated online education management system, named Cybernetics 1 (C1). C1 was tested as an operational tool to support the education process of undergraduate students. The four major modules in C1 include the registration of new students (inclusive of retrieving and updating of student profile), creation of module assessment structures, module marks entry and generation of academic transcripts. C1 was developed based on the object-oriented approach. This system successfully eliminates the problem of poor data sharing and data inconsistency as encountered by most existing education management systems. In particular, the normalisation process has significantly reduced the problems of data redundancy in the database.


Shrub survival was often dramatically different between treatments (i.e., fuel consumption level and season of burn), species, and size classes within plant species. Of the four different burn treatments, survival of the shrubs and hardwoods was as low as 12% after early fall burns (high levels of fuel consumption) and as high as 79% after early spring burn treatments (moderate levels of fuel consumption). As much as 95% of the smallest size of the small classes of shrubs (i.e., those ≤50 g dry weight biomass) were killed by prescribed fires (...)


hospital. It was not frequently chosen, because it was often dUllcult for elderly patients to chew it. On the whole, soft foods like mashed potato, bread, cereals, cooked vegetables and minced meat were selected by patients in preference to fruit and salads. As pointed out, milk provided a substantial proportion of the daily intake of folate, that is, between 16% and 24% in all groups. Both young and aged controls drank approximately five pints of milk per week; but the hospital patients only three pints. Exton-Smith and Stanton (1965) reported on the diet of elderly women living alone in London and showed that the average intake of milk of 60 such women was 4'5 pints per week. These people were considered adequately nourished. It is noteworthy that the range of folate intake of the hospital patients was 40·6 to 190 JLg. per day. This indicates that the hospital kitchen provided sufficient folate to bring the daily intake weB within the range of that of the elderly controls. The fact that in some cases the intake was lower re.fiects on the patient's interest in food rather than its quaUty.


The object of this work is to develop and optimize a new type of light-emitting diode (LED) with a wire-shaped, cylindrical geometry.


Children's literature is one of the more popular and useful teaching tools in the elementary social studies classroom. Indeed, "[m]ore teachers than ever are turning to literature-based social studies teaching." Children's books have the potential to "communicate social studies content in an artistic manner. In books of high quality, both the author and the illustrator present their subject in aesthetically pleasing forms, making human stories beautiful."2 Th us, the impact literature can have on students during a social studies lesson is signifi cant, and the importance of selecting quality literature becomes all the more important. "Carefully chosen picture books present compelling stories that invite students to identify with and care about social studies content."3 How do practitioners 'carefully choose' appropriate literature in an effi cient manner? Th e Internet has quickly become a major resource for fi nding curricular materials and related teacher resources, such as lesson plans, recommended readings, and pedagogic critiques. My Internet journeys in search of 'good' children's literature began much like other people's web adventures: I surfed the amazing Amazon, Borders, and Barnes and Noble websites to seek out and purchase children's books. Over time, I turned to specifi c websites passed on to me by peers and colleagues and grew experienced at using Internet search engines. I sought websites that met certain criteria. Quality resources need to remain updated, available, accurate, and user friendly; they must have clear connections between social studies content and children's literature. I have grown to depend on nationally recognized sites that are dedicated to students, teachers, social studies, and/or children's literature. What follows then, are the results of my personal adventures: brief descriptions of a collection of sites I have found useful for identifying quality children's literature to use in the social studies classroom.


Large-area, 7.84 mm2 SiC DMOSFETs feature breakdown voltages of 4600 V, specific on-resistance of 17 mΩ-cm2 and gate threshold voltage of 2.4 V. The low on-resistance was enabled by an optimized MOS process that resulted in channel mobility as high as 27 cm2/Vs, and oxide breakdown fields in the 10-11 MV/cm range. The key device design and layout parameters were varied to examine the performance versus reliability trade-offs.


The most stressful bounded disturbance for a linear stable second order system with (or without) numerator dynamics is known to be of bang-bang type and can be realized in feedback form using a state switching set. We present a robust disturbance design procedure to evaluate the quadratic stress index for second order systems (underdamped harmonic oscillator) with model uncertainty. The simulations show an improved performance.


Laboratory anaerobic digestion studies were conducted to determine the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on dewaterability of sludge (TS) with humus soil powder (HS) or not. In this study, an available stratification approach aimed at better understanding the factors influencing the sludge dewaterability was developed, which EPS were divided into soluble EPS and bound EPS by centrifuge and heating extraction, respectively. During digestion, soluble polysaccharides(S-PS), soluble proteins (S-PN), bound polysaccharides (B-PS), bound proteins (B-PN) and capillary suction time (CST) were detected. Results showed that CST of sludge increased corresponding to deterioration of sludge dewaterability, however CST was affected by addition of HS to sludge. Components of EPS had an obvious variation, S-PS had been increasing while others had not changed until the seventh day. Statistical analysis suggested that normalized CST and S-PS had a positive correlation(R²=0.9192). After 21 days, normalized CST value of sludge with HS was less than other about 25%, and S-PS in sludge with HS were about 7% less than without HS, however, S-PN, B-PN and B-PS did not have obvious differences in sludge. It indicated that S-PS markedly impacted sludge dewaterability.


This study aims to understand the present condition of domestic housing performance, analyzing of 14 case studies approved by "Housing Performance Grading Indication System". This system can make both prospective users select quality guaranteed houses at ease and construction companies create the atmosphere to build houses of high quality. The "Housing Performance Grading Indication System" is enacted since 9th January 2006under the background of finding a new alternation for a good housing stock and increasing housing performance. The estimation subjects of 'Housing Performance Grading Indication System' are new construction housings on the design stage and it is a system that is marked obligatorily. This system consists of 5 main performance parts, 14 performance categories and 20 detailed performance lists. 5 main performance parts are Noise and Acoustics(Light-weight impact sound control, heavy-weight impact sound control, sound control of toilet, sound control of party wall), Long-life(flexibility, remodeling & maintenance, durability), Landscape & Indoor Environment(landscape, formaldehyde control & ventilation, daylighting, thermal environment), Welfare & Barrier-free(playground and community center, welfare space, barrier-free design), Fire Safety(fire safety, safe place, fire-resisting quality).


The paper is devoted to the analysis of the legal grounds for the imposition of sanctions by Western jurisdictions against representatives of Russian business and their relatives, as well as current law enforcement practice. An important general trend in the development of sanctions legislation is the gradual expansion of the scope of application of the grounds for imposing sanctions with the simultaneous simplification of inclusion in the sanctions lists. Prominent examples are the expansion of sectors of the economy affected by US sanctions, and the very ability of the US and UK to impose blocking sanctions simply by virtue of the fact that a person operates in a certain sector of the economy. In the EU, to impose sanctions on a businessperson operating in a particular sector, one still has to prove the presence of a leading position, but this is also a rather vague term. This approach is also the result of a simplification: there is practically no need to prove connection with the regime due to the presumption of connection between big business and the political regime considered in this paper. The UK also simplified the procedure for imposing sanctions by extending them to family members of sanctioned persons, which eliminated the need to prove the presence of financial and economic ties with the sanctioned person. An even more important easing in the imposition of sanctions was the emergence of a simplified procedure for imposing sanctions on persons who fell under the sanctions of the UK's allies. This procedure only allows checking the coincidence of the grounds for imposing sanctions without checking the actual circumstances that caused the inclusion of a person in the sanctions list. In fact, the only way to avoid being included in the sanctions lists is to refuse any activity that serves as a basis for inclusion in the sanctions lists. Often, such a scenario is unrealistic, which means that representatives of Russian big business will only have to take measures to minimize possible harm, since the elimination of the sanctions risk becomes almost impossible.


OF THE DISSERTATION Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Binary Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data in Political Economy by Xun Pang Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Washington University in St. Louis, 2010 Andrew D. Martin and Jeff Gill, Co-Chairs In this dissertation project, I propose a Bayesian generalized linear multilevel model with pth order autoregressive errors (GLMM-AR(p)) for modeling inter-temporal dependence, con-temporary correlation, and heterogeneity of unbalanced binary TimeSeries Cross-Sectional data. The model includes two unnested sources of clustering in the unitand time-dimensions for analyzing heterogeneities and contemporal correlation which are salient in the era of globalization. Group-level variations are further explained with unitand time-specific characteristics. For handling dynamics in politics and political economy, I apply the autoregressive error specification to analyze serial correlation which may not be fully captured by the selected covariates. Two applications on civil war and sovereign default demonstrate how the proposed model controls for multiple potential confounders. It also improves reliability of statistical inferences and helps forecasts by more efficiently using the information in data. The first application focuses on the causal relationship between ethnic minority rule and civil war onset. The GLMM-AR(p) model helps study those background factors which affect the relationship under investigation. The second applied study considers how regime duration affects sovereign default conditional on regime type by putting the national policy-making regarding repaying external debt into the international


Empirical findings of the behaviour of small firms in several countries and of large firms in two countries, indicate that risk taking by some businesses differs from that indicated by the Prospect Theory. Enterprises headed by entrepreneurs are more risk-taking/risk-neutral in the area of gains, and successful large corporations are more risk-averse overall because of the possibility of adverse factors, such as bankruptcy, than the Prospect Theory would imply. This leads to the proposal of a familiar tax incentive to spur investment. Another tax proposal is aimed at overcoming the disinclination of those who use heuristics to aid in decision making, to record those heuristics, the contexts in which they are made, and the biases involved (which contrasts with their care in recording more traditional and sometimes less influential data). The oversight limits their ability to improve the heuristics, which are often highly influential in the decisions they and other enterprises make.


Recently, large quantities (grams) of multi-walled WS2 nanotubes were obtained in a one step synthesis, using a fluidized-bed reactor that was used for the synthesis of fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles, but under modified conditions [3]. In this process WS2 nanotubes were produced in a single step using commercially available WOs nanoparticles as precursors. Very long open-ended nanotubes appear in two forms, either as webs of single tubes or bundles attached to the bulk IFWS2 product in the center of the reactor (Fig la), or as thin foils produced on the walls of the reactor. Isolated WS2 nanotubes and bundles thereof, mixed with hllerene-like particles consist of hundreds of micrometers long and 4-7 layers thick nanotubes of rather perfect shape. The flawless structure of a typical nanotube is appreciated from the high-resolution TEM image showing WS2 layers separated by 0.62nm in the nanotube side-walls (Fig. lb). In contrast to the nanotubes in the foils, these isolated nanotubes have been shown to be of perfectly circular in cross-section, by tilting the sample along the tube axis. The nanotubes consist of coaxial-cylinders build up of hexagonal sheets. All nanotubes in this study were found to be chiral. The helicity angles of the nanotubes were determined from the electron diffration (ED) pattern [4]. Previously, under somewhat different conditions, partially reduced or sulfidized intermediates were isolated from interrupted processes. Such intermediates were identified as WS2 nanowhiskers encapsulating the W18049 polymorph made of pentagonal columns and hexagonal channels [5]. Recent studies of the bulk product from the center of the reactor indicate that occasionally in some tubes the reaction is not complete. Highresolution TEM images shows that the tubes contain amorphous material in their core. Such amorphous material protruding out from a tube and creating a shape of meniscus inside the tube is shown in Fig.2a. This observation suggests that the reduction-sulfidization process passes through a liquid or rather volatile intermediate phase. Sulfur mapping with Energy Filtered TEM was used to elucidate the composition at the same region and is shown in Fig.2b. The amorphous material tends to crystallize into nanoparticles, upon exposure to the high-energy beam of 300kV FEG, for few minutes. These nanoparticles have lattice spacing of 0.38nm that may be assigned to the orthorhombic phase of WO2, A more detailed study of this suggested mechanism is currently underway.


The peripheral and retroperitoneal lymphatics have been extensively studied since 1954 when Kinmonth first reported the method of direct cannulation of a lymphatic vessel and injection of contrast material. In recent years, there have been several reports of the radiological study of visceral lymphatics in laboratory animals, organ specimens, and human subjects (1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16). In spite of limited success, a simple in vivo examination technic has not as yet evolved. This is a preliminary report of an experience of mediastinal lymphography in dogs. The technics of mediastinoscopy (3, 15) and direct lymph node injection lymphography (2, 6, 8, 17) were utilized. Material and Methods Technical and A natomical Studies Patent Blue Violet (Alphazurine 2-G) Injections: The blue dye was injected in the submucosa of the trachea and mainstem bronchi and also into the peribronchial pulmonary parenchyma. For this injection, a regular lymphography injection needle and tube unit2 was placed inside a No. ...


How come such a successful theory like Quantum Mechanics has so many mysteries? The history of this theory is replete with dubious interpretations and controversies. The knowledge of its predictions, however, caused the amazing technological revolution of the last hundred years. In its very beginning Einstein pointed out that there was something missing due to contradictions with the relativity theory. So, even though Quantum Mechanics explains all the physical phenomena, due to its mysteries, there were many attempts to find a way to "complete" it, e.g. hidden-variable theories. In this paper, we present these mysteries, with special attention to the concepts of physical reality imposed by quantum mechanics, the role of the observer, prediction limits, definition of collapse, and how to deal with correlated states (the basic strategy for quantum computers and quantum teleportation). The discussion is carried out by accepting that there is nothing important missing. We are just restricted by the limitations imposed by quantum mechanics. The mysteries are cleared out by a proper interpretation of these limitations. This is done by introducing two interpretation rules within the Copenhagen interpretation. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 03.65.Ca, 03.65.Ta


In this article, I analyze Hungarian vowel ~ zero alternation in a loose CV framework, employing left-to-right proper government, building on previous work (Polgardi 1998, 2002, 2003), combining Government Phonology (GP) with Optimality Theory. I propose a syncope analysis, where alternating vowels are not empty underlyingly (as is customary in GP), but they are marked in the lexicon as properly governable. This approach is supported by an analysis of Turkish, where high vowels alternate with zero, which are traditionally regarded as segmentally empty. Yet they need to be marked lexically, because only some of them alternate, within a closed class of stems.


The article provides information about the documentary film "Library Front: 1941—1945", created by national libraries of the CIS countries within the framework of the Library Assembly of Eurasia. It describes the main idea of the film, its content and the main participants who took part in its creation. Special attention is paid to the activities of libraries of the Soviet republics in the period from 1941 to 1945 in the occupied territories, on the front line, and in the rear.


In this paper we quantify the interactive effects of wave exposure and intraspecific density on the survivorship and growth of Sargassum muticum in northern Spain. Juveniles settled onto slate plates were experimentally thinned to two densities and transplanted to exposed and sheltered shores. Initially, plants grew faster at the exposed sites but final lengths were similar between exposures after 5 months, largely because of breakages at the top of the main primary lateral of plants at exposed sites. Mean weights of plants did not significantly differ between exposures. The results indicate that S. muticum juveniles growing at high density were longer and thinner but similar in weight to those at low density. Patterns of growth of larger plants transplanted between sheltered sites similarly suggested changes in morphology of S. muticum in response to differences in density. Survivorship of juveniles did not differ between exposures but was significantly poorer at the higher density irrespective of wave e...


In this work, we provide a solution to a two-point boundary value problem that involves an inhomogeneous Airy's differential equation with a variable forcing function. The solution is expressed in terms of the recently introduced Nield-Koznetsov integral function, Ni(x), and another conveniently defined integral function, Ki(x) . The resulting expressions involving these integral functions are then evaluated using asymptotic and ascending series.


Objectives: Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common causes of ill health in African children. Recent evidence shows that malaria increases production of the hormone hepcidin which blocks iron absorption. We therefore aimed to determine whether malaria causes ID in African children by conducting a well-designed genetic study called Mendelian randomization. Methods: We used sickle cell trait (HbAS), a common genetic variant that is associated with partial protection against malaria. We measured markers of iron status and inflammation and genotyped HbAS in 6862 African children from eight community cohorts in Kenya, Burkina Faso, Uganda, The Gambia, South Africa, Congo and Cameroon. We further tested whether HbAS influences ID in the absence of malaria using a malaria-free cohort of African-Americans. Results: Among children exposed to malaria, HbAS was associated with a 23% reduction in ID. This translated to malaria causing a 55% increase in ID. HbAS was not associated with other factors that may influence malaria/ID or with ID in African-Americans suggesting that the observed increase in ID was indeed due to malaria. Conclusions: These results suggest that malaria may be an important cause of ID in African children.  Therefore, efforts towards malaria elimination may have an added advantage of reducing the burden of ID.


An intrinsic equivalent‐circuit model for quantum‐well lasers is presented. The model is based on the three‐level rate equations, and includes the carrier transport effects and the role of the gateway state at the quantum well. The simulation results of the frequency response are compared with experimentally obtained data, and agreement is obtained consistently on separate confinement heterostructures (SCHs) of different sizes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 270–271, 2001.


Two methods for calculating eigenvalue sensitivity coefficients in continuous-energy Monte Carlo applications were implemented in the KENO code within the SCALE code package. The methods were used to calculate sensitivity coefficients for several criticality safety problems and produced sensitivity coefficients that agreed well with both reference sensitivities and multigroup TSUNAMI-3D sensitivity coefficients. The newly developed CLUTCH method was observed to produce sensitivity coefficients with high figures of merit and low memory requirements, and both continuous-energy sensitivity methods met or exceeded the accuracy of the multigroup TSUNAMI-3D calculations.


Hot wire ignition experiments were carried out recently at the Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory on a few emulsion formulations. The data indicate that there is a pressure-dependent onset temperature beyond which the wire temperature increases at an accelerated rate. In order to explain this observation and to detect this temperature more consistently, particularly at low pressures, the data are reanalysed by comparing the experimental wire temperature with that predicted from theory for the heating of an inert material. For this purpose, an analytical theory from the literature is reviewed and the numerical solution developed in this report is described. The latter can deal with more general solutions with variable thermal properties and chemical reactions in the condensed medium surrounding the wire.


Atherosclerosis is a disease process involving primarily the intima of the main coronary arteries, the aorta and the major arteries of the cerebrum and lower extremities. The lesions tend to be patchy and plaquelike. Symptoms are produced by occlusion of the lumen of the vessel with impairment of blood flow to the organ involved. This is usually accomplished by a progressive increase in the size of the atheromatous plaque or by the formation of a thrombus on the plaque. Occasionally the atheromatous process extends into the media with weakening of the vessel wall with aneurysm formation. Benign Monkeberg's mediocalcinos:s or the diffuse arteriosclerosis encountered in severe hypertension is not being considered. Undoubtedly many factors are important in the genesis of atherosclerosis. However, there is abundant evidence that elevated levels of serum cholesterol, various classes of B-lipoproteins, and probably other lipid factors such as fatty acids and triglycerides are of paramount importance in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Because of the conflicting data and the numerous gaps in our knowledge concerning the metabolism of cholesterol and other lipids, many have felt that the clinician should avoid attempts to draw therapeutic implications at the present state of our knowledge. However, since more Americans die from coronary atherosclerosis alone than from all forms of malignancy combined,' it would seem imperative to ask if the practicing physician is not justified in drawing a few tentative conclusions from the mass of conflicting and inadequate data so long as these therapeutic views and conclusions are not potentially harmful to the patient and remain flexible enough to be modified as additional facts become available. The principle evidence linking atherosclerosis with altered cholesterol metabolism is as follows: Experimental lesions can be produced in numerous laboratory animals by feeding cholesterol and by other dietary procedures. The experimental lesions are always preceded by an elevation of serum cholesterol. The lesions themselves have a high cholesterol content. If the animal's diet is altered so that serum cholesterol is reduced, the experimental lesions tend to regress. An increared ir�&dince of atherosclerosis is observed in clinical states associated with hypercholesteremia such as xanthoma tuberosum, myxedema, diabetes and nephrosis. Indi


The article presents Ukrainian and/or Russian borrowings used by Poles living in a small petty nobility village in Zhytomyr region in Ukraine in comparison with some other Polish dialects in the same territory. There are excerpted and analyzed 121 borrowed words divided into several thematic groups: "General notions" – e.g. budzień 'workday', nazad 'back', semia 'family'; "Person and his characteristics" – e.g. durny 'foolish, stupid, silly', harny 'nice, beautiful', Kacap 'of Russian nationality', pjanica 'drunkard'; "Activities and physical condition" – e.g. rozpowiadać 'to tell', wzuć się 'to put on one's shoes', otdychiwać 'to have a rest'; "Feelings, emotions and behaviour" – e.g. przezierać 'to despise, disdain', swarzyć się 'to argue, quarrel', wołnować się 'to worry about'; "Food, dishes and kitchenware" – e.g. hreczka 'buckwheat', deruny 'potato pancakes', kastrulka 'saucepan'; "State, administration and policy" – e.g. pensja 'retirement', partiejny 'belonging to a party', bryhadir 'brigadier'. Among the borrowings words of Ukrainian origin prevail – there are 59 of them, i.e. about 49%; there are 42 lexical units of possible Ukrainian and/or Russian origin, i.e. about 35%, and 20 lexemes of strictly Russian origin, i.e. 16%. The comparison with other Polish dialects in Ukraine showed that out of 121 analyzed words 91 words are known and used also in other neighbouring settlements, what constitutes 75%. The most similarities – 59 words, i.e. about 49%, have been noted with the petty nobility dialect of Siaberka and peasant Oleshkivtsi and Hrechany.


This article investigates the technique of using a piezoelectric (P) material as the actuator to control the deformation of thin unsymmetric cross-ply laminated shells. A theoretical model is developed using the Rayleigh–Ritz principle to predict the effect of piezoelectric layer on laminated shell deformation. Several stacking sequences are investigated. Owing to the curvature of the shell, the position of the piezoelectric layer has a great effect on the deformation. The effect of the P-layer as the outer surface or inner surface is investigated. It is found that to achieve the same amount of deformation, different levels of electric fields have to be applied depending on the P-layer configuration. The efficiency of the P-layer on shells with various stacking sequences is also studied and it is observed that the efficiency is determined by the stacking sequence of the composite layers. This model can be used as a guide to design the piezocomposite laminated shell.


Summary The similarity in elution characteristics of the ERM factor and type-specific CF antigen following fractionation of adeno-virus type 1 and type 2 suspensions by chromatography with DEAE-cellulose; the formation of only a single precipitation line in agar-gel double diffusion tests with purified material containing both activities; and the type-specific serologic reaction of both antigens indicated that the type-specific CF antigen was the carrier of the ERM factor.


Objective To make surveillance of zoonosis-borne diseases in the area of the Three Gorges Resrvoir Dam,to provide the scientific data for developing prevention programs.Methods The period 1996-2005 were monitored:(1)the epidemic situation of leptospirosis,epidemic hemorrhagic,encephalitisthe;(2)changing pantern of population of murine and other disease related vectors;(3)antibody level among healthy population.Results After the beginning of water storage of the Three Gorges Dam,animals in the area retreat and live on to higher land.Marine density was about 1% before water storage,and after that,the density of morine and mosquito maintained at lower level.Carrier rate of leptospira among 4 varity of vectors was 1.64%.Leptospira belonged to 5 sero-groups and 7 serological types.The lung tissues of 548 young animals were checked and tested,the carrier rate of epidemic hemorrhagic was 0.36%.Except sporadic cases,no outbreak of leptospirosis,epidemic hemorrhagic,or encephalitisthe were found.Conclusions Along with strengthening of environmental protection national effort,the ecological environment is being improved in the Three Gorges reservoir area.


In the {\em Many Worlds Interpretation} of quantum mechanics, the range of possible worlds (or histories) provides variation, and the Anthropic Principle is a selective principle analogous to natural selection. When looked on in this way, the ``process'' by which the laws and constants of physics is determined not too different from the process that gave rise to our current biodiversity, i.e. Darwinian evolution. This has implications for the fields of SETI and Artificial Life, which are based on a philosophy of the inevitability of life.


Abstract : Continuous efforts to achieve practically useful molecular composite have been made in the Air Force Materials Laboratory since the first concept of molecular composite was reported more than ten years ago. The molecular composite fiber of PBZT and ABPBI has been obtained and the uniaxial modulus of the composite exactly follows the general rule of mixture. However, the preparation of high strength molecular composite of block has not been made successfully. A processing method for making block molecular composite has been developed using methane sulfonic acid (MSA). The method is the direct block coagulation of the MSA solution under pressure followed by a consolidation step. As reported in previous technical reports of polybenzobisthiazole (PBZT) and nylon composite system, there exists a number of problems during the processing of block type composite, such as void formation during coagulation, phase separation of the second component, gellation phenomena, and the layer formation during consolidation step.


The optical fiber delay module is mainly used in the optically controlled phased array radar system, which plays a core role in the whole system. Among them, the measurement accuracy of the optical fiber delay and the optical fiber length are key technologies to realize the phase consistency of the module. In this paper, the phase error source and phase consistency control method of optical fiber delay module are analyzed. Further, the high precision phase testing technology and reliability test of optical fiber delay module are carried out. It can be concluded that the combination of fiber fusion taper and optical phase shift can significantly improve the phase accuracy. Meanwhile, the phase consistency of each channel of the fiber delay module is very excellent before and after the test.


The paper introduces a simple and easy device in lathe or millingmachine to fabricate a scale ring, its design and manufacture, operationinstructions and notes. The device has many features, such as. simple structure. easy manufacture and contvement operation ,etc..


ON A FORM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF BONES (OSTEITIS DEFORMIANS). BY SIR JANIES PAGET, BART., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., PRESIDENT. THE paper contained a description of cases of a form of chronic csteitis, of which the following were given as the chief characters. It begins in middle age or later, is very slow in progress, may continue for many years without influence on the general health, and give no other troubles than those which are due to the changes of shape, size, and direction of the diseased bones. Even when the skull is hugely thickened and all its bones exceedinglv altered in structure, the mind remains unaffected. The disease affects most frequently the long bones of the lower extremities and the skull, and is usually symmetrical. The bones enlarge and soften; and those bearing weight yield and become unnaturally curved and misshapen, suggesting the proposed name " osteitis deformans". The spine, whether by yielding to the weight of the overgrown skull, or by change in its own structures, may sink and seem to shorten with greatly increased dorsal and lumbar curves; the pelvis may become wide; the necks of the femora may become nearly horizontal. But the limbs, however misshapen, remain strong and fit to support the trunk. In its earlier periods, and sometimes through all its course, the disease is attended with pains in the affected bones, pains widely various in severity and variously described as rheumatic, gouty, or neuralgic, not especially nocturnal or periodical. It is not attended with fever. No characteristic conditions of urine or freces have been found in it. It is not associated with any constitutional disease, unless it be cancer. The bones examined after death show the consequences of an inflammation affecting, in the skull, the whole thickness, in the long bones chiefly the compact structure of their walls, and not only the walls of their shafts, but, in a very characteristic manner, those of their articular surfaces. The changes of structure produced in the earliest periods of disease have not yet been observed ; but it may be believed that they are inflammatory; for the softening is associated with enlargement, wvith excessive production of imperfectly developed structures, and with increased blood-supply. Whether inflammation, in any decree, continues to the last, or whether, after many years of progress, any reparative changes ensue, after the manner of a so-called consecutive hardening, is uncertain. One case especially, which had been for many years under Sir James Paget's observation, was reported in full detail. MIicroscopical examinations of the diseased bones by MIr. Butlin were reported ; anid the altered shapes of two persons suffering with the disease were shown in photographs. The diagnosis of the disease from various forms of hyperostosis and 6steoporosis was pointed out, and an attempt was made to indicate the variety of diseases which had given rise to different examples of the great porous skulls found in museums. Mlr. BRL-DENELL CARTER said that the patient whose case was described by Sir James Paget consulted him about three years ago on account of failure of vision. On ophthalmoscopic examination, snmall hoemorrhagic points were found diffused near the circumference of the retina. Dr. Andrew Clark had also made a careful examination of the patient, and believed that there was considerable hypertrophy of the heart; this, however, seemed not to have been confirmed by the post mnortemt examination.-Sir JAMES PAGET said that he had endeavoured in vain to ascertain by what ophthalmic surgeon the patient had been examined. He asked Mr. Carter w!hether there vere any signs of compression of the optic nerve.-Mr. CARTER said that there were none.Mr. BARWIELL would like to know whether the weight of the femora had been compared with that of average femora. The bone appeared to have lost substance interstitially and replaced it by external deposit, so that there might not be absolute increase in quantity. He thouglht that the disease had some analogy with chronic rheumatic arthritis. Continental writers had given the name of arthritis deformans to chronic rheumatic arthritis-and there was no reason for regarding this latter disease as rheumatic. He questioned whether some such name as osteitis dilatans would not be better than osteitis deformans. It was also worth consideration how far the disease differed from osteoporosis. The disappearance of what Quekett had called the Harveian system in Sir James Paget's specimens resembled what was found in osteoporosis. -Sir WILLIAM GULL made some remarks on a case mentioned in the paper which had been under his observation. He would ask the President what was the cause of the condition. Why was it symmetrical ? Why did it affect the hyoid bone and leave the phalanges free ? If it were an osteitis, what was its cause? Was it in any way explained by comparative pathology ?-Dr. GOODHART called attention to the fact that a large proportion of the patients in whom osteitis deformans was observed had died of cancer. Might not the disease be a generalised form of tumour ? This idea would be supported by the fibrillating cellgrowth seen in cancer of the liver, and by the condition of the subcutaneous tissue in molluscum fibrosum.-Sir JAMES PAGET could not say what was the specific gravity of the bone in his specimens as compared with healthy bone; but he believed it was not changed. He had no doubt that the disease was an osteitis ; it manifested degeneracy of tissue with increased quantity, which was characteristic of chronic inflammation. As to its real pathology, he was still in doubt; but the same absence of knowledge of pathology existed with regard to chronic rheumatic arthritis, of the cause of which nothing is known. He differed from Mr. Barwell as to the existence of any similarity between the disease which he described and chronic rheumatic arthritis. If anyone could have noticed osteitis deformans in connection with chronic rheumatic arthritis, it was Mr. R. Adams of Dublin, who had thoroughly examined the last-named disease; but he made no mention of any condition of the shafts of the bones, such as that which formed the subject of the paper. With reference to Dr. Goodhart's suggestion, he thought it would be enlarging the field of tumours to place osteitis deformans among them.


This second chapter in Part 3 on twinning and domain structures deals with the twinning of crystals in all of its forms: growth twins, transformation twins and deformation twins. The treatment ranges from macroscopic considerations of the geometric orientation relations (twin laws) and the morphology of twins to the microscopic (atomistic) structures of the twin boundaries. Each of the following topics is accompanied by illustrative examples of actual twins and many figures: basic concepts and definitions: twinning, crystallographic orientation relations, composite (twin) symmetry, twin law; morphology of twins, description of twins by black–white symmetry; origin of twins and genetic classification; lattice classification of twinning: twinning by merohedry, pseudo-merohedry and 'reticular' merohedry; twin boundaries: mechanical (strain) and electrical compatibility of interfaces; extension of the Sapriel approach to growth and deformation twins; twin boundaries: twin displacement and fault vectors; twin boundaries: atomistic structural models and HRTEM investigations of twin interfaces, twin textures, twinning dislocations, coherency of twin interfaces.

Keywords:

Σ3 bicrystal boundaries;
Σ3 twin interface;
eigensymmetry;
Brazil twins;
Dauphine twins;
Dauphine–Brazil twins;
Friedel's lattice theory;
Japanese twins;
La Gardette twins;
Montmartre twins;
Sapriel approach;
aggregates;
alternative twin operations;
antiphase boundaries;
bicrystals;
black and white symmetry groups;
boundary energy;
complete twins;
composite symmetry;
composition plane;
contact plane;
contact relations;
contact twins;
cyclic twins;
deformation twins;
detwinning;
diperiodic twins;
dislocations;
domain states;
domains;
dovetail twins;
electrical constraints;
fault vectors;
ferroelastic–ferroelectric phases;
ferroelastic phases;
ferroelastic twins;
ferroelasticity;
growth-sector boundaries;
growth twins;
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy;
intergrowths;
inversion twins;
isostructural crystals;
lattice coincidence;
lattice pseudosymmetry;
low-energy boundaries;
mechanical twins;
merohedral twins;
merohedry;
monoperiodic twins;
morphological classification;
multiple twins;
nanocrystalline materials;
needle domains;
non-ferroelastic twins;
non-merohedral twins;
non-pyroelectric acentric crystals;
orientation relations;
orientation states;
penetration twins;
pentagonal–decagonal twins;
permissible boundaries;
plagioclase twins;
polycrystalline aggregates;
polysynthetic twins;
pseudo-coincidence;
pseudo-merohedral twins;
pseudo-merohedry;
reflection twins;
rotation twins;
sector twins;
shear strain;
simple twins;
spinel law;
spinel twins;
spontaneous shear;
switching of domains;
transformation twins;
translation twins;
triperiodic twins;
tweed microstructure;
twin axes;
twin boundaries;
twin displacement vector;
twin domains;
twin elements;
twin formation;
twin interfaces;
twin lattice index;
twin laws;
twin obliquity;
twin operations;
twin rotations;
twin textures;
twinning;
twinning dislocations;
twinning relation;
twins;
twins of twins


Ferromagnetic shape memory Ni–Mn–Ga has been shown to exhibit deformations of up to 9.5% when driven with quasistatic fields. This article is focused on the use of Ni–Mn–Ga as the active element in a dynamic transducer consisting of a solenoid and a low-reluctance, closed magnetic path. Despite the absence of a restoring force in this configuration, we have shown in prior studies recoverable compressible strains of 1/4 4100 m, which are attributable to internal bias stresses built in the material during manufacture. In this study, we experimentally establish the presence of a modulus defect in Ni50Mn28.7Ga21.3, whereby the elastic modulus increases as much as 255% upon increasing the applied magnetic field from zero to 380 kA/m DC. Experimental measurements are conducted under both mechanical and magnetic excitation, and analyzed in combination with vibratory models for the system. While in our experiments the attractive magnetic forces between the transducer poles may contribute to the total modulus increase, the presence of a modulus change associated with the Ni–Mn–Ga element is substantiated. Dynamic Ni–Mn–Ga transducers offer an attractive mechanism for electrical tuning of the modulus, with potential application in active vibration absorption problems.


Abstract Recipient hepatectomy with inferior vena cava (IVC) preservation, the piggy back (PGB) technique, was adopted as our routine option in the management of the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to avoid the use of veno‐venous bypass (VV‐BP). In the last 5 years, 119 OLT in adult patients have been performed in our unit. In the first period (47 OLT), VV‐BP was used in 59 % of the cases and cross‐clamping in the rest. In the second period, following the introduction of the PGB technique, 72 OLT were performed. VV‐BP was used in 5.5% of the cases, PGB technique in 87.5% and cross‐clamping in 6.9%. There was a significant reduction in the need for VV‐BP in the second period. Operating time and blood transfusion were significantly greater in the VV‐BP group. No PGB technique related complications were observed. In conclusion, the PGB technique reduced the need for VVBP with consequent savings in time, blood transfusion and the cost of OLT.


The innovative information transferring system of modern society that can be represented by ubiquitous has connected the whole people of the world with the real time based network system while integrating the various factors such as nations, location, placement, time, race and sex, which means the manufacturing method that represents the identity and the conditions of the promotion of the advertisement that introduces the brand is being promoted continuously. The exiting approaching method also has the structural limit that cannot catch up the changing reality during the establishment of the urban brands. Thus, through the introduction of the new concept and differentiated attempts that are being started from the advanced cities, the establishment of the international urban branding operation is being deployed. The objective of this study is to establish the basic structure of the future network information service considering the participating condition, generation of the information, evolutional characteristic using storytelling technique that satisfies the user's characteristics in this era of ubiquitous to establish the urban brands.


Biologists have made considerable progress in developing realistic simulation models to predict extinction risks for threatened species. Social scientists have to date had a more limited role in these efforts. This limited involvement comes despite the growing acknowledgment by population biologists and simulation modelers thatthis additional input is necessary for these models to accurately reflect the impact of humans and human-dominated landscapes on wildlife populations. We argue that collaborations among social and biological scientists can provide unparalleled opportunities to develop new conceptual and simulation tools for biodiversity risk assessment. One challenge is that while the value of interdisciplinary research is widely recognized, interdisciplinary teamwork is difficult to achieve. We suggest strategies to strengthen such cross-disciplinary collaboration, including efforts to link diverse models and to build networks of researchers who have not historically collaborated.We conclude with questions intended to guide further discussions about how to integrate social science information into biodiversity risk assessments in the future.


The complex aspects of digital class D audio amplification and relative technology issues are discussed. Focus is on a IOOW into 4C2 bridge-tied-load (BTL) power stage PIC. A 03Spm BCD technology (LBCS) having SOV LDMOS, and lOpm plated CuNiF'd power metal with bonding capability was used to fabricate tbc chip.


I represent continuation of my previously published work: 1701.0488. It presents the structures of atoms: Hydrogen(H); isotopes of Helium(He) including Alpha particles; Beryllium(Be); Oxygen(O); Carbon(C), with deciphering of their specifics covering the basic understanding in the structure of matter: - images of "orbitals" of electrons and their "spin"; - redundancy of the mass of an atom - as redundancy in understanding of "neutrons"; - radioactivity; - state of matter - liquid, solid; - expansion and contraction of matter; - superfluidity; , as well as some of their interactions, including water molecules.


AIM To evaluate whether focal narrowing of retinal arterioles increases with progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy. METHODS Focal narrowing of retinal arterioles and area of neuroretinal rim were morphometrically evaluated on colour stereo optic disc photographs of 59 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, 22 patients with normal pressure glaucoma, 11 patients with secondary open angle glaucoma, and 31 patients with ocular hypertension. Minimum follow up was 8 months. Focal arteriolar narrowing was quantified by calculating the ratio of the vessel width in the broadest to the narrowest vessel part. RESULTS In the subgroup of patients with progressive glaucomatous optic nerve damage (n=37), focal narrowing of retinal arterioles increased significantly (p<0.005) with decreasing neuroretinal rim area. In the subgroup of patients with stable appearance of the optic disc (n=86), focal narrowing of retinal arterioles did not change significantly (p=0.79). The positive correlation between increasing focal thinning of retinal arterioles and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy was present, although not statistically significant, in all the glaucoma subtypes examined. The location of focal thinning of retinal arterioles did not change in the follow up. CONCLUSIONS Focal narrowing of retinal arterioles increases significantly with progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy, independent of the type of glaucoma. It is stable in patients with non-progressive glaucoma. The findings agree with previous reports on a higher degree of focal arteriole narrowing in eyes with pronounced optic nerve damage in comparison with those with moderate optic nerve atrophy or normal eyes. In the clinical management of patients with glaucoma, in some eyes, increasing focal arteriole narrowing may suggest progression of disease.


Transition-Metal-Substituted Acylphosphanes and Phosphaalkenes, XV. – Reaction of the Phosphaallyl Complex (η5-C5Me5)(CO)Fe{η3-P[CH(SiMe33)2](CHCO}} with Chalcogenes as well as with Fe2(CO)9

The (η3-phoshaalyl)iron complex (η5-C5Me5)(CO)Fe{η3-P(CH(SiMe3)2](CHCO)} (1) is oxidized by sulfur and selenium to afford the methylenethioxo- and methyleneselenoxophosphorane complexes 4 and 5 with an anti-configuration of the CH(SiMe3)2 substituent relative to iron. The chalcogene atoms are attached to the phosphorus atom of the ligand and do not participate in the bonding to the metal Equivalent amounts of 1 and Fe2(CO)9 lead to the phosphaalkenyl complex 6 with an Fe – C σ bond. On the other hand, a large excess of Fe2(CO)9 converts 1 as well as 6 into the cluster compound 7 featuring the bridging 1-oxa-4-phosphabutadiene ligand (η5-C2Me5)(CO)2Fe—C(O)—CHP—CH(SiMe3)2. Constitution and configuration of all compounds have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and MS). In addition complexes 5 and 7 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.


The deep-sea lobster Palinustus unicornutus Berry, 1979 is reported for the first time from Taiwan, with the largest male and female ever recorded for the species. Additional material of this rare species showed that many distinguishing characters previously suggested for this species are actually variable and its characteristics are re-diagnosed.


The nanometer is equivalent to 1 billionth of a meter, 10-9m.
The formation of nanoparticles occurs with a large proportion...


This study proposes the DMAIC Six Sigma approach with an emphasis on value stream analysis to reduce costs and increase capacity for a local manufacturing company in Northwest Ohio, USA. The DMAIC approach and case study demonstrated a broad application and how an organisation can significantly reduce costs, in this case, by nearly $660,000 per year. The paper identifies each stage of the DMAIC cycle and the Six Sigma tools that were applied, including a rigorous value mapping technique. This paper develops a framework that can be used as a template for cost reduction and capacity enhancement training.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of leptin gene polymorphism on the fattening and slaughter performance traits in the Polish Synthetic Line 990 young boars and to estimate the frequencies of LEP/HinfI alleles and genotypes. Altogether, 205 young boars of the 990 line were included in the study. Based upon the carried out live evaluation, information was obtained in respect of following traits: body weight on day 21, 28, 70 and 180 of life; average daily gain; feed efficiency; mean backfat thickness; height of m. longissimus dorsi; percent meat con- tent; and selection index. Genotype determination was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique. The lengths of the restriction fragments for respective alleles following digestion with HinfI were: 152 bp (allele T) and 84 + 68 bp (allele C). Two genotypes were found, TT (frequency 0.8) and TC (frequency 0.2). The analysis of relationship between different LEP genotypes and all analysed traits showed small and statistically non-significant differences.


On the basis of use neural methods of chemometric modelling of intellectual multitouch gas analyzer of type «electronic nose» is spent. The received results have allowed to create operating prototype of the system, capable to function in the conditions of incompleteness and discrepancy of the data.


The judgment is very significant since it is the first decision of the court addressing that in spite of mistaken prescriptions, it is legally unwarranted that doctors reimburse the National Health Insurance Corporation for medicine cost paid to pharmacies, This meaningful decision makes it clear that the long-standing administrative practice of reimbursement by medical institutions so far is improper. Moreover, the judgment is important on account of its ruling that the Article 52 ① of the National Health Insurance Act applied to this case is not in accordance with the civil law principle, "Restoration of Unjust Enrichment". In short, the judgment admits that inappropriate customs prevailing in the government's medical administration should be remedied. However, the court just indicates that the present reimbursement system is not reasonable, and does not go further on concrete methods to reform the system. Therefore, it is necessary to review fundamental problems such as who should reimburse for costs incurred by misjudged prescriptions. In the near future, in addition to the confirmation of the court on unjustified precedents, it is essential to explore theoretical and legislative scrutiny with regard to objects and ranges of reimbursement..


In the High Andes of central Chile, above the flat‐slab segment, analysis of more than 1,000 fault slip data from Miocene outcrops provides evidence for a change of the regional tectonic regime from compressional to strike slip. This shift in tectonic regime occurred during the waning stages of arc volcanism between 14 and 11 Ma, as a result of the shallowing of the Nazca plate, in conjunction with the migration of deformation to the Precordillera. During the early to middle Miocene, a compressive regime with horizontal σ1 axis (N86°E) was responsible for reverse slip along NNE to N‐striking faults. During the late Miocene, a shift to strike‐slip tectonics took place due to an increase in the absolute magnitude of the vertical stress component as the crust thickened and the gravitational potential energy increase. We argue that instead of the previously accepted highly compressional setting in the arc region during the slab flattening, the change to a strike‐slip regime was the main control on mineralization. Mineralization was controlled by the promotion of fluid expulsion from the magma chambers along active, subvertical strike‐slip fault systems with a high slip tendency, and focusing of fluids in localized areas undergoing extension. Under this strike‐slip regime, the El Indio, Tambo, and La Despensa fault systems formed as dextral strike‐slip systems. The tips and jogsites along these faults experienced local extensional stress fields, forming the El Indio and Tambo mineral districts.


During high frequency ventilation (HFV), mean alveolar pressure has been measured to increase with mean airway opening pressure controlled at a constant level in both humans and experimental animals. Since this phenomenon could potentiate barotrauma limiting advantages of HFV, the present study theoretically predicted the difference between menu alveolar and airway opening pressures (). In a Weibel's trumpet airway model, approximated formula for was derived based on momentum conservation assuming a uniform velocity profile. The prediction, equation was a func pion of gas density(), mean flow rate(Q), and diameter of the airway opening where the pressure measurement was made() : . This was a result of the difference in crosssectional area between the alveoli and the airway opening. A simple aireway model experiment was performed and the results well fitted to the prediction, which demonstrated the validity of the present analysis. Previously reported data from anesthetized dogs in supine position were comparable to the predicted values, indicating that the observed dissociation between mean alveolar and airway opening pressures during HFV can be explained by this innate geometric (or cross-sectional area) asymmetry of the airways. In lateral position, however, the prediction substantially underestimated the measurements suggesting involvement of other important physiological mechanisms.


Characterized by the emergence of a large number of live content, the emergency applications have received increasing attention in recent years. Providing a general and scalable event, matching service can precisely notify users latest information that they are interested in. However, because the live content arrival rate may churn significantly in a short time and subscriptions with various patterns tend to be skewed, it is challenging to increase the generality, scalability, and elasticity of the matching process. We propose a novel parallel event matching service based on the cloud computing environment, called GSEM, to satisfy these requirements. GSEM first presents a two‐hop framework and a general subscription pattern to handle various patterns of subscriptions. To provide scalable matching service, a hybrid content space partition scheme is proposed to divide large skewed subscriptions into multiple small clusters managed by a group of parallel servers. To adapt to the sudden change of event arrival rate, GSEM elastically adjusts the scale of servers and rebalances their workloads through a performance‐aware detection technique. A prototype deployment on the OpenStack platform shows that GSEM achieves scalable matching throughput with the growth of servers, elastic service capacity with the change of event arrival rate, and significantly outperforms the existing cloud based systems in various workloads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In 2008 government introduced important intellectual property (IP) legislation. The Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act (51 of 2008), which only came into force on August 2 2010 - governs the ownership and exploitation of IP which flows from publicly financed research and development (R&D). In essence the Act provides that IP created in South African universities and research institutions should remain in South Africa and that it should be used for the benefit of South Africans. The Act makes it clear that government sees IP as an important driver of economic growth.


To address the need for the development of bioengineered replacement of a nerve graft for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries a novel two component fibrin glue conduit was combined with human me ...


SUMMARY Twenty-five adult patients with chronic lung disease developed the signs and blood-gas changes of severe respiratory failure. Most patients had pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pathogenic bacteria were present in the sputum. The patients were treated in an intensive care unit by means of resuscitation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation for a mean period of 10 days. Sixteen were treated successfully, and lived for more than 6 months. Six of the nine patients who lived for more than 26 months were able to do light work, but three were respiratory cripples. The selection of patients for this type of treatment is discussed.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic from the university students' perspectives. This phenomenon is a stage for humans to adapt to the current situation and conditions so that they will find a new pattern of life or what is known as New Normal Life. During this pandemic, tertiary institutions have transformed the system through full online learning. At this moment, an analysis of online learning advantages and disadvantages based on the university students' perspectives as actors who directly feel the impact of these changes is needed. The method in this research employs a narrative approach. Data collection was done through interviews set online. This research was conducted on students at Universitas Negeri Malang. The informants were selected based on the representation of each department in the university. The research data were analyzed based on the results of studies and focus group discussions (FGD) related to the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The results showed that the flexibility of time and material filing, as well as documentation became more organized. Based on the perspective of the students, on the other hand, online learning has some shortcomings, including less interactive lecturers, excessive assignments given, frequently changing schedules, inadequate facilities, limited internet access or unstable internet networks, and constraints on practicum course. This article could contribute to the evaluation of online teaching during the Covid-


"We had an in-house Environmental Services program struggling to meet our standards," says CEO Paul Clark. "We were committed to increasing quality, productivity, and patient satisfaction; we also wanted to raise our staff morale and lower turnover. After study, we concluded we could not achieve these objectives with an inhouse solution, and needed the professional leadership, structured systems, and corporate resources that only a specialist firm could provide. That's why we reached out to Crothall." Laying the Groundwork During the first year, Crothall installed its programs and systems, implemented training programs, and raised standards. "There were some bumps," recalls Paul Clark, "but Crothall introduced a team of strong leaders and a level of professionalism and organization that laid the foundation for the dramatic improvements to come in their second year."


Nowadays, the Internet is the important carrier and tool for transmitting social information and exchanging thoughts and feelings. In the guidance of social ideas, political views, moral standards, the computer network in the field of Ideological and political education gradually play a positive effect. The introduction of computer network interaction in the teaching of Ideological and political education, has become the new situation of innovative ideological and political education mode and the path of the inevitable choice. In the main form of computer network communication, computer network as a medium into the ideological and political education, the comprehensive growth of college students and education curriculum reform has a crucial role.


In the title compound, C18H11BrN6, the phenyl ring is almost coplanar [dihedral angle 7.2 (1)°] with the planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.039 Å) tricyclic ring system while the 4-bromophenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 33.98 (6)° with the ring system. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding interactions and π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7971 (17) and 3.5599 (16) Å] stabilize the crystal packing. A comparison of the structure to a MOPAC PM3 geometry optimization calculation in vacuo supports these observations.


Disclosed is a hydrostatic headstock for a grinder, which can realize precise and super-precise grinding, comprising a sleeve, a headstock principal shaft, a support box, a headstock finial installed at the front end of the headstock principal shaft, and a headstock motor connected at the rear end of the headstock principal shaft. The sleeve is arranged on the support box; a front end cover is arranged at the front end of the sleeve; the front end and the back end of the headstock principal shaft are respectively supported on the sleeve through a front liquid hydrostatic bearing and a rear liquid hydrostatic bearing; liquid media are filled both between the front liquid hydrostatic bearing and the headstock principal shaft and between the rear liquid hydrostatic bearing and the headstock principal shaft; an anti-thrust shaft shoulder is arranged on the headstock principal shaft; a lap of gasket is sleeved on the anti-thrust shaft shoulder; both the anti-thrust shaft shoulder and the gasket are located between the front liquid hydrostatic bearing and the front end cover; a front-end clearance is left between the front end of the anti-thrust shaft shoulder and the front end cover; a back-end clearance is left between the rear end of the anti-thrust shaft shoulder and the front liquid hydrostatic bearing; and the front-end clearance and the back-end clearance are both filled with liquid media to form a liquid hydrostatic bearing. The headstock is good in rigidity, high in revolving precision, good in damping property and long in service life.


1 Levy ML, Stevenson C, Maslen T. Comparison of short courses of oral prednisolone and fluticasone propionate in the treatment of adults with acute exacerbations of asthma in primary care. Thorax 1996; 51:1087–1092 2 Rodrigo G, Rodrigo C. Inhaled flunisolide for acute severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:698–703 3 Nana A, Youngchaiyud P, Charoenratanakul S, et al. Highdose inhaled budesonide may substitute for oral therapy after an acute asthma attack. J Asthma. 1998; 5:47–55 4 Volovitz B, Bentur L, Finkelstein Y, et al. Effectiveness and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in controlling acute asthma attacks in children who were treated in the emergency department: a controlled comparative study with oral prednisolone. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:605–609 5 Matthews EE, Curtis PD, McLain BI, et al. Nebulized budesonide versus oral steroid in severe exacerbations of childhood asthma. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:841–843 6 Ernst P, Fitzgerald JM, Spier SS. Canadian Asthma Consensus Conference. Summary of recommendations. Can Respir J 1996; 3:89–100 Heat It or Wet It?


We have devised an analytical and sorting system combining optical trapping with Raman spectroscopy in microfluidic environment, dedicated to identification and sorting of biological objects, such as living cells of various unicellular organisms. Our main goal was to create a robust and universal platform for non-destructive and non-contact sorting of micro-objects based on their Raman spectral properties. This approach allowed us to collect spectra containing information about the chemical composition of the objects, such as the presence and composition of pigments, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids, avoiding artificial chemical probes such as fluorescent markers. The non-destructive nature of this optical analysis and manipulation allowed us to separate individual living cells of our interest in a sterile environment and provided the possibility to cultivate the selected cells for further experiments. We used a mixture of polystyrene micro-particles and algal cells to test and demonstrate the function of our analytical and sorting system. The devised system could find its use in many medical, biotechnological, and biological applications.


Dielectric elastomers are known to produce large transverse strains in response to electrically induced Maxwell stresses and thus provide a useful form of electromechanical actuation. The transverse strain response of silicone (Dow Corning HS III RTV) based Maxwell stress actuators have been measured earlier as a function of driving electric field, frequency and pre-load. Experimental results show that a pre-load initially causes an increase in the strain. However, this increase appears to be a function of the relative geometries of the electroded area and of the specimen itself. The transverse strains in these materials decrease when larger values of pre-load are applied. Models of hyperelasticity that are capable of describing the large deformation of polymer materials have been used to interpret our results. Numerical finite element simulations of the material's behavior using a hyperelastic model provides good agreement with most of our observations on the electric field and pre-strain dependencies of the transverse strain.


Rapidly increasing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in Bangladesh's food and farm animals stem from the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. To assess the prevalence of multi drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria in poultry chicks, we sought to isolate and identify strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes. Isolation and identification involved biochemical tests, 16S rRNA sequencing, and PCR screening of species-specific genes. MDR patterns were evaluated using CLSI guidelines with seventeen antibiotics across twelve classes. Targeted gene sequences were amplified for detection of ESBL, carbapenem, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and colistin resistance genes. Common isolates, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus penneri, and Enterobacter hormaechei, exhibited average Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) indices of 0.66, 0.76, 0.8, 0.84, and 0.81, 0.76, 0.84, 0.41 for broiler and layer chicken, respectively. Providencia stuartii and Salmonella enterica, exclusive to broiler samples, had MAR indices of 0.82 and 0.84, respectively. Additional isolates Morganella morganii, Aeromonas spp., and Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica were found in layers (Average MAR indices: 0.73, 0.71, and 0.91). Notably, M. morganii, E. hormaechei and W. chitiniclastica were identified for the first time in Bangladeshi poultry chicken, although their evolution is yet to understand. In this study, Pan-drug resistance was observed in one P. stuartii (broiler) and one Aeromonas spp. (layer) with a MAR index 1, while all isolates exhibited MAR indices >0.2, indicating MDR. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene screening identified blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA, and sul1 in a majority of the MDR strains. Interestingly, E. coli (lactose positive and negative) and E. hormaechei were exclusively found to possess the tetB gene. In addition, E. coli (lactose negative), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, M. morganii, and P. stuartii were observed to carry the colistin-resistant mcr1 gene, whereas sul2 was detected in E. coli (lactose positive and negative), E. hormaechei, P. stuartii, and P. penneri. These findings emphasize the health risk of our consumers of both broiler and layer chickens as they have turned to a potent reservoir of various AMR gene carrying MDR and Pan-drug resistant bacteria.


The fifteen Ptolemies that sat on the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (the date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII) are in most cases little known and, even in its most recognised bibliography, their work has been somewhat overlooked, unappreciated. Although boisterous and sometimes unloved, with the tumultuous and dissolute lives, their unbridled and unrepressed ambitions, the intrigues, the betrayals, the fratricides and the crimes that the members of this dynasty encouraged and practiced, the Ptolemies changed the Egyptian life in some aspects and were responsible for the last Pharaonic monuments which were left us, some of them still considered true masterpieces of Egyptian greatness. The Ptolemaic Period was indeed a paradoxical moment in the History of ancient Egypt, as it was with a genetically foreign dynasty (traditions, language, religion and culture) that the country, with its capital in Alexandria, met a considerable economic prosperity, a significant political and military power and an intense intellectual activity, and finally became part of the world and Mediterranean culture. The fifteen Ptolemies that succeeded to the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII), after Alexander's death and the division of his empire, are, in most cases, very poorly understood by the public and even in the literature on the topic. Their work has been somewhat overlooked, little appreciated and undervalued. 35 THE PTOLEMIES: AN UNLOVED AND UNKNOWN DYNASTY. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE AND APPROACH JOSÉ DAS CANDEIAS SALES Universidade Aberta. Centro de História (University of Lisbon). Despite being undeniable that it was quite turbulent, frenetic and sometimes cruel, and so unloved, with its tumultuous and dissolute lives, the ruthless and unbridled ambitions, the innumerous intrigues and betrayals, the fratricides and the various crimes that its members promoted or practiced, this dynasty changed the Egyptian life in some aspects and was responsible for the last Pharaonic monuments which exist to this day, some of them still considered true masterpieces of Egyptian greatness, authentic ex-libris of the Nilotic civilization. In relation to this, it is enough to mention the divine temples of Horus in Edfu, of Isis in Philae, of Hor-Wer/ Sobek in Kom Ombo, of Khnum in Esna, of Hathor in Dendera and of Mandulis in Kalabsha. Although dating from a very recent period, these monuments are, for most part, a vital link to the earliest Pharaonic Egypt. This list does not include, of course, other monuments, built or rebuilt under the supervision of the Ptolemies in Medamud, Heliopolis, Sebennytos, Karnak, Saqqara, Qasr el-Aguz, Kom Abu Billo, Behebeit el-Hagar, Tod, Xois, Koptos, Qaw el-Kebir, Dakka, Deir el-Medina, Dabod, Athribis, Armant, or Tanis. The pictorial, iconographical and architectural grammar, which the Ptolemies produced and reproduced with expressive and explicit canonical images, affiliated these monuments in the tradition and centuries-old Egyptian native form of art of the Ptolemaic Period – supposedly a time of decadence – and make it one of the most sumptuous eras of ancient Egypt in terms of architectural constructions. Except for the Islamic buildings (of various Islamic periods), the last great monuments erected in Egyptian soil have the Ptolemaic seal. The Ptolemaic Period was, in fact, a paradoxical moment in the history of ancient Egypt, not only due to its architecture, but also because it was in the hands of a genetically foreign dynasty (traditions, language, religion and culture) that the country, with its capital in Alexandria, met a considerable economic prosperity, a significant political and military power and an intense intellectual and artistic activity, and eventually achieved a prominent position in the world and Mediterranean culture. Thus, as Joe G. Manning recently wrote, it is now necessary, in the name of a proper historical understanding, to rehabilitate the Ptolemaic era as one of the most successful long periods of Egyptian history. In this sense, there are indeed two or three key ideas about this dynasty, somewhat emphasized or devalued by most researchers, which should be taken into account when approaching the Ptolemaic Period and this dynasty, founded by one of the diadochoi of Alexander the Great. The first of these ideas can be expressed solely through the statement, easily proved by simply querying chronological lists and tables from the history of ancient Egypt, that the 36 alexandrea ad aegyptvm: the legacy of multiculturalism in antiquity 1 BONACASA, 1995: 67-79. 2 MANNING, 2010: 31. Ptolemaic state was the most durable of the Hellenisticic states established after the death of Alexander and the subsequent fall of his empire. In other words, the Ptolomies were the lasting dynasty of Egyptian history. This simple conclusion is particularly overlooked by researchers and often unknown by Egyptologists, more focused on other periods of study. It is therefore extremely useful to compare the duration of some of the most important dynasties of Egyptian history: Dynasty Dates (B.C.) Length 4th Dynasty 2613-2494 119 years 5th Dynasty 2494-2345 149 years 6th Dynasty 2345-2181 164 years 12th Dynasty 1985-1773 212 years 18th Dynasty 1550-1295 255 years 19th Dynasty 1295-1186 109 years 20th Dynasty 1186-1059 117 years 26th Dynasty (Saïtes) 656-525 131 years 27th Dynasty (First Persian Period) 525-404 121 years 31st Dynasty (Ptolomies) 305-30 275 years Length of important Egyptian dynasties Indeed, the Ptolemaic Dynasty was the longest of all who reigned over the geographic space of ancient Egypt: 275 years (considering only the years between the basileia of Ptolemy I Soter and the death of Cleopatra VII). If we include in the score the years since the invasion / conquest of Egypt by Alexander (in 332 B.C.), when, however, technically, there was still no Lagid Dynasty ruling, this period of «Macedonian origin» would account for 302 years, which means more than three centuries. Neither the famous and often model 18th Dynasty, of the New Kingdom (with 255 years), nor the dynasty which marks the recovery of Pharaonic power in the Middle Kingdom, the 12th Dynasty (212 years) reached this length of time. However, these were not three centuries of consistent history. Generally speaking, we can assume that each of the centuries of the Ptolemaic Dynasty denotes different «moments»: the 3rd century B.C. marked the implementation and affirmation of the Ptolemaic Dynasty; the 2nd century B.C. met repeated seditions, rebellions and revolutions in the capital, chôra, and the 1st century B.C. witnessed the direct intervention of Rome in the domestic affairs of Lagid Egypt. 37 THE PTOLEMIES: AN UNLOVED AND UNKNOWN DYNASTY 3 MANNING, 2010: 31, 65. 4 MANNING, 2010: 67. The numeration of the dynasties is according to Manetho (except Dynasty 31). The length of reigns


Topicality. The current trends in the organization of the control system at Ukrainian enterprises are not effective enough. The organization of control at enterprises is mainly reduced to the inspection of the implementation of production plans and responsibilities of employees. Such practices are outdated. Increasingly, a number of progressive methods of work organization are used, which help enterprises to achieve great success and recognition in the markets. Controlling is one of such methods.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of controlling as one of the important tools for managing the economic security of the enterprise and determine its purpose and functions.Research results. The article considers a number of approaches to defining the concept of controlling from the point of view of domestic and foreign scientists. The concept of "controlling the economic security of the enterprise" is describes and it is established that it is a system of information and methodological support of management decisions on ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. The purpose of controlling economic security is set and it is found that it is to inform management about the threats to economic security of the enterprise, hindering the realization of its interests, as well as outlines the task of controlling the economic security of the enterprise. The role functions of controlling in the system of economic security of the enterprise are considered and characterized.The study identified that controlling is a system for ensuring the survival of enterprises at the stage of strategic and tactical management.It is established that the use of the concept of controlling in the practical management of the enterprise creates conditions for localization, neutralization or elimination of risks in unstable sectors of the organization, which in turn contributes to the overall security and sustainability of the organization.Conclusions. As a result of the research it is determined that in today's conditions of providing economic security in the functioning of any enterprise, the management apparatus requires the latest management tools. To implement them, businesses will need a tool such as controlling. Effective implementation and operation of the controlling system will allow the company to reduce the time to adapt to changes in external and internal environment, optimize management risk, predict the future, not to risk bankruptcy, make the company profitable and competitive.


A drip irrigation emitter may be provided with a coupler for bonding to an inner surface of a conduit. The emitter may include for example a button flow restrictor. The coupler may optionally provide an outlet zone on the conduit surface that is large enough for automated perforation. Bonding the emitter to the surface of the conduit may have a minimal effect on the dimensions and/or properties of the conduit. A button drip irrigation emitter may optionally include a two part labyrinth. The labyrinth may for example be confined between a cylindrical outer surface and a cover and/or wind between intermeshing baffles on the cover and/or the surface.


The energy conversion efficiency of the multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering in the cone-shaped femto-second high power laser-plasma is given by using the inelastic collision model of relativistic electron and photon,and relativistic electricity theory.We find that the vibration of the electron acceleration energy is takenplace by the coupling laser field in the laser-plasma,and the energy conversion efficiency is lowered by the electrostatic field.The greatest energy conversion efficiency of the electron has been worked out by using the two photons nonlinear Compton scattering of the high-energy electron with photons in the cone-shaped femto-second high power laser-plasma.


This paper presents in detail and analyses the book Revistas cientificas: situacion actual y retos de futuro , Ernest Abadal (ed). Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. Data and consideration on scientific publishing, its birth, open access, the peer review process, traditional and alternative metrics are presented, in an attempt to outline future trends of academic journals that represent the connection between scholars, readers and the rest of society, an indispensable condition for scholarly communication and the progress of science.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Characteristics of S-L Projects in STEM Educational Environments Description of Typical Software S-L Projects Case Studies (Some Successful and Some Failures) Conclusions


This paper presents a review of the evolution of Neuropsychology, a conceptual paradigm shift. From the traditional neuropsychology focused on superior mental functions and brain structures, putting more emphasis on brain functioning and location of the lesion, going through the associations, cognitivist or integral neuropsychology and at the moment, shifting to a new paradigm of the neuropsychology, called Humanistic Neuropsychology. Humanistic Neuropsychology is more centered on the human behavior, on the man from a more socio-global and personalized point of view for the benefit of his general well-being.


Feynman amplitudes, which play a central role in perturbative quantum field theory, are algebro-geometric periods associated to graphs. These periods have been investigated by Broadhurst and Kreimer (see [4] and the references cited there) and shown for many special graphs to be sums of multiple zeta values. On the other hand, Belkale and Brosnan have shown [2] that the related graph motives are not in general mixed Tate. The motive associated to a graph Γ is the motive of the graph hypersurface XΓ [3]. If the cohomology of XΓ were mixed Tate, the function p 7→ #X(Fp) would be a polynomial in p. In [2] it is shown that this function can be quite general. In particular it is not always a polynomial in p (not even if one omits a finite set of p). The purpose of this note is to consider the Hodge structure associated to the Betti cohomology of XΓ. Our main tool is another variety ΛΓ which sits as a birational cover f : ΛΓ → XΓ. The variety ΛΓ has mixed Tate cohomology. As a consequence we show


Single crystalline and polycrystalline CoxNiyGa100-(x+y), 41 < xCo< 62 and 19.3 < yNi < 32.7, Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys have been produced in the range of the Heusler-type composition. Elasto-mechanical properties have been analyzed for the annealed and quenched states, respectively. The mechanical spectroscopy data show the occurrence of martensitic phase transformation with the transition range and characteristics depending on the state and the composition of the alloys. For XCo approximately equals 49 +/- 1 at percent, the Ni/Ga ratio was shown to be in direct relationship with the transition temperature range, from an Ms of -100 degrees C for Ni/Ga approximately equals (21/29) to a +150 degrees C for a Ni/Ga ratio of about (26/25). For Ga approximately equals 27 +/- 0.4 at percent, the Co/Ni ratio is in indirect relationship with the transition temperature, with an Ms of -125 degrees C for a (53/19) ratio to a +175 degrees C for a ratio of about (49/26). Optical and electron microscopy shows that a typical thermoelastic martensitic transformation occurs. The L21 Structurbericht parent phase transforms into monoclinic or orthohombic martensitic upon cooling. The formation of a Co-rich phase has been observed for alloys with lower Ga content and is considered to be one of the reasons for the difference in the transformation range for annealed and quenched alloys.


Prologue Losing the Country (1900-1910) The Resistance Japanese Colonial Rule (1910-1945) Liberation Is a Cruel Hoax (1945-1950) The Korean War (1950-1953) Japan (1952-1958) From Okinawa to America Going Home (1967-1970) Back to America (1970-1987) Rediscovering the Real Home (1987-1989) Back to America, Again Epilogue.


Rotenone, a chemical compound produced naturally by leguminous plants, has conventionally been used as a pesticide by blocking the uptake of oxygen by body cells. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of spirulina on oxidative damage, inflammation, and neurotoxicity in male mice treated by rotenone. The experimental animals were being divided into five groups. Group (I) served as control that received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Group (II) mice treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg,s.c.3 times per week); Group (III) mice received rotenone/L-dopa (25 mg/kg, P.O. daily); Group (IV) and Group (V) mice treated with rotenone/spirulina (200 and 400 mg/kg, P.O. daily) respectively for two weeks. Rotenone-treated mice showed impaired motor coordination and activity in wire hanging, wood walking, open field, and stair tests. Also, rotenone treatment caused elevation in striatal levels of MDA; NO; TNF-α; IL-1β and caspase 3 and decrement in Bcl-2; dopamine and GSH levels. Furthermore, there was severe neuronal degeneration, striatal DNA fragmentation, and an increase in striatal 8-OHdG levels and MTH1 expression in the rotenone group. On the other hand, spirulina treatment prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, striatal DNA fragmentation and showed good restoration of the substantial neurons with reservation of the normal dark appearance. Also, rotenone-induced biochemical changes were ameliorated by spirulina treatment as dopamine, Bcl-2, and GSH levels were increased and striatal MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase 3 levels were decreased. Therefore, natural products as spirulina could reverse rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in male mice due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties


In this paper, the Asian subspecies of Phryma leptostachya L., i.e. ssp. asiatica (Hara) Kitamura, is taxonomically revised. A key showing the more essential differences between the two subspecies is presented, and the distribution data of ssp. asiatica are updated.


A method to measure the refractive index of the ceramic layer of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) using the intensity ratio between the reflection of terahertz waves from the ceramic surface and a reference metal plate is proposed. This method uses a variable aperture to change the relative proportions of specular refraction and scattering from the ceramic surface. The refractive index is calculated based on the specular reflectivity, which is obtained from the intensity ratio when the field of view is extrapolated to zero. Measurement of a TBC specimen resulted in a refractive index of 4.7, which was in good agreement with the refractive index of the ceramic material obtained by terahertz time‐domain reflectometry. In addition, the surface roughness of the ceramic surface was obtained based on the frequency characteristics of the reflections from the ceramic surface and a reference metal plate. A surface roughness of 14 μm was obtained, which matched the results of microscopic observation of a TBC specimen whose coating was applied using the same lot as the specimen used in the measurement.


A simplified variant of G\"odel's ontological argument is presented. The simplified argument is valid already in basic modal logics K or KT, it does not suffer from modal collapse, and it avoids the rather complex predicates of essence (Ess.) and necessary existence (NE) as used by G\"odel. The variant presented has been obtained as a side result of a series of theory simplification experiments conducted in interaction with a modern proof assistant system. The starting point for these experiments was the computer encoding of G\"odel's argument, and then automated reasoning techniques were systematically applied to arrive at the simplified variant presented. The presented work thus exemplifies a fruitful human-computer interaction in computational metaphysics. Whether the presented result increases or decreases the attractiveness and persuasiveness of the ontological argument is a question I would like to pass on to philosophy and theology.


This paper presents results from the application of a novel hybrid computational and theoretical technique to study the stability of a fluid-structure system that comprises fully developed plane Poiseuille flow at transitional Reynolds numbers over a finite flexible wall of streamwise extent. This builds upon our recent work [10] involving a uniform inviscid flow interacting with a flexible plate held at both its ends to include consideration of the full spatio-temporally evolving, rotational flow dynamics. Although presently considering the two-dimensional case the method may be extended to three-dimensions and arbitrary mean-flow fields other than plane Poiseuille.


What does it mean to find echoes of an innovatory moment in the past, or a discipline's cutting edge in another's worn down tool, or people in different fields quite unknown to one another following a similar intellectual trajectory over the same three or four years? A short case study of what looks uncannily like 'independent invention' is prefaced by reflections on replicatory practice in the social sciences. Some US sociological theorizing on the workings of fractal distinctions within disciplines, specifically across many foundational arguments in social science, finds a counterpart in UK anthropological theorizing on scale and replication in social phenomena at large. The conjunction is amusing; it could well be instructive. In any event, there is a challenge here to comparisons across disciplines.


(248 words) In this paper we explore two aspects of gradualism as they apply to the phenomenon of delusions, that is, the acknowledgement that it is difficult to distinguish pathological from non-pathological beliefs and the defence of the view that there is considerable continuity between delusional and other epistemically faulty beliefs. We also identify the implications of these two aspects of gradualism for questions about one's moral and legal responsibility for action that is motivated by one's delusional beliefs. In the first section of the paper, we argue that an effective demarcation between pathological and non-pathological beliefs cannot be successfully achieved on mere epistemic grounds, that is, on the basis of the epistemic quality of the relevant belief-forming and belief-maintaining processes. We offer some reasons to endorse the thesis that delusional beliefs are continuous with other epistemically faulty beliefs. In the second section of the paper, we examine the implications of the continuity thesis for the association—common in everyday thinking but also in ethical and


This thesis investigates enactments of femininities, bodies and images among young women in two art and design classes at urban Swedish upper-secondary schools. The theoretical framework combines v ...


Forests are a priceless gift and mandate from God Almighty and one that must be grateful for. Forests are a national development capital that has ecological, socio-cultural benefits and influences economic conditions as well as trade and industry conditions. Damage to the Batam City forest area due to illegal logging and theft of forest products and causing huge losses, so there is a need for a very fast handling. The problems studied in this research are forest protection arrangements and challenges to forest destruction law enforcement in Batam City. This study uses normative legal research methods. Normative legal research or library research is research that examines document studies, namely using various secondary data such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories, and can be in the form of opinions of scholars. The results of the research show that law enforcement against forest protection Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry in exercising its authority to protect forests is carried out in a preventive and repressive manner.