ion step follows the decarboxylation, which is consistent with the deuterium isotopic effects observed for thymine 7-hydroxylase which indicate that an irreversible step (or steps) occurs prior to the C-H bond breaking.395 It has also been shown for prolyl 4-hydroxylase that a substrate-derived radical is generated in the reaction, which is consistent with a rebound mechanism.437 It is important to point out that no oxygen intermediate (i.e., bridged superoxo or oxo-ferryl) has been observed for any R-KGdependent enzyme. This warrants future theoretical and experimental study. A detailed molecular mechanism has been proposed for IPNS based on spectroscopic and crystallographic studies.422 Resting IPNS/FeII is also 6C and thus relatively stable toward dioxygen. Substrate ACV binds directly to FeII IPNS through its thiolate group, providing an open coordination position at the FeII. O2 can then react to form an FeIII-superoxo intermediate. This intermediate is suggested422 to perform the first hydrogen-atom abstraction step and close the â-lactam ring, resulting in the formation of the first water molecule and generating an FeIVdO-II intermediate, which completes the second ringclosure process by hydrogen-atom abstraction forming a thiazolidine ring. Previously proposed mechanisms of ACCO involved direct binding of cosubstrate ascorbate to the iron before O2 as part of the oxygen activation process.438,439 The EPR and ESEEM studies of the NO complex of ACCO suggested a quite different molecular mechanism for ACCO.435 An FeIII-superoxo intermediate is proposed. Whether it is preceded by a 6C f 5C process with substrate binding is presently under study.440 This intermediate is thought to initiate a radical process by single hydrogen-atom abstraction or electron-coupled proton transfer (PT)ion or electron-coupled proton transfer (PT) from the bound amino group. The resulting substrate radical may undergo spontaneous conversion into products. The role of cosubstrate ascorbate is proposed to reduce the toxic peroxo byproduct to water. Alternatively, the two-electron reduction of FeIIIsuperoxo by the cosubstrate ascorbate could result in an FeIVdO-II intermediate which initiates the radical reaction.435 4. Rieske-Type Dioxygenases Biochemical Characterization. The Rieske ironsulfur center is a two iron-two sulfur cluster ([2Fe2S]) which has a 2His (on one iron), 2Cys (on the other iron) coordination environment, instead of the 4Cys present in plant ferredoxins. It plays a key role in the electron transport pathway in membranebound cytochrome complexes as well as in some dioxygenases.441 The latter are mainly comprised of two protein components: a reductase containing flavin and a ferredoxin [2Fe-2S], and a terminal oxygenase containing a Rieske [2Fe-2S] cluster and a non-heme iron active site.442 Except for the recently reported alkene monooxygenase that has a binuclear iron site in its terminal oxygenase,10 most of the Rieske-type oxygenases have a mononuclear iron site, which is believed to be the site of dioxygen activation and substrate oxygenation.442,443 The majority of the Rieske-type mononuclear non-heme oxygenases form a family of enzymes which are aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. These catalyze the regioand stereospecific cis-dihydroxylation of an aromatic ring using dioxygen and NAD(P)H (Table 1). Examples include benzene dioxygenase (BDO, EC 184.108.40.206),444 phthalate dioxygenase (PDO, EC 184.108.40.206),445 toluene dioxygenase (EC 220.127.116.11),446 and naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDO, EC 18.104.22.168),447 which initiate the aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in the soil bacteria and are targets for bioengineering in bioremediation. This step is the first step in the pathway that ultimately leads to ring cleavage by the intraand extradiol dioxygenases (sections II.B.2 and II.C.1).443 Besides these bacterial dioxygenases, other Rieske-type mononuclear non-heme oxygenases include anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 188.8.131.52),448 which deaminates and decarboxylates the substrate to produce catechol; chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 188.8.131.52),449 which converts substrate to catechol with chloride elimination; and 4-methoxybenzoate O-demethylase (putidamonooxin),450 which catalyzes the conversion of 4-methoxybenzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and formaldehyde. The reductase component is usually a monomer (MW ) 12-15 kDa) and utilizes flavin to mediate ET from the two-electron donor NAD(P)H to the oneelectron acceptor [2Fe-2S] cluster and is specific to each terminal oxygenase; other electron donors do not support efficient oxygenation.442 The crystal structure of phthalate dioxygenase reductase is available.451 The terminal oxygenases are large protein aggregates (MW ) 150-200 kDa) containing either multiples of R subunits (BDO R2, PDO R4) or an equimolar combination of R and â subunits (toluene dioxygenase R2â2, NDO R3â3). The R subunits contain a Rieske [2Fe-2S] cluster and a catalytic non-heme FeII center. â subunits do not seem to be involved in the catalytic function (vide infra). Kinetics. Steady-state kinetic studies coupled with various rapid reaction studies of the partial reactions of PDO allowed Ballou et al. to propose a kinetic scheme (Scheme 15).443 On the basis of steady state 278 Chemical Reviews, 2000, Vol. 100, No. 1 Solomon et al.


Objective To explore the relationship between Ser447Ter polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase(LPL) gene and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients from a population of Han Chinese in Shanghai. Methods Four hundred and thirty-seven Han Chinese with no blood relationship were randomly selected in Shanghai,among whom 240 were type 2 diabetic patients(diabeties group) and 197 were normal glucose tolerance subjects(control group).The patients in the diabetes group were further divided into 2 subgroups by the level of fasting triglyceride(TG) with the borderline of 1.70mmol/L,the T2DM-NTG subgroup(TG1.70 mmol/L) and the T2DM-HTG subgroup(TG≥1.70 mmol/L).The glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were compared among the groups.The LPL Ser447Ter polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method,and its association with glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients was investigated. Results The allele and genotype frequencies of Ser447Ter polymorphism of LPL gene in the diabetes group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P0.01).And those in the T2DM-HTG subgroup were significantly lower than those in the T2DM-NTG subgroup(P0.05).For the patients in the diabetes group,those carrying allele Ter had lower levels of fasting TG,total cholesterol,plasma glucose,insulin and HOMA-IR(P0.05). Conclusion The Ser447Ter polymorphism of LPL gene may have a protective role against the development of type 2 diabetes,which is embodied by favorable effects on TG and insulin resistance.


THE attribution of the tortious actions of a director to the company will operate to render the company liable. Does that attribution also operate to exclude the normal presumption that the director is liable for his own acts? Commonwealth courts have accorded primacy to the rules of company law and answered this question in the affirmative (Trevor Ivory Ltd. v. Anderson [1992] 2 N.Z.L.R. 517; Sealand of the Pacific v. Robert C. McHaffie Ltd. (1974) 51 D.L.R. (3d) 702). In England, the decision of the House of Lords in Williams v. Natural Life Health Foods Ltd. [1998] 1 W.L.R. 830 seemed to suggest that the answer would be no. In Standard Chartered Bank v. Pakistan National Shipping Corpn. (Nos. 2 and 4) [2002] UKHL 43, [2002] 3 W.L.R.1547 their Lordships have made this explicit: directors remain liable for their own wrongs.


Interactions between turbulence and shock waves have been proposed to decrease the burn time of fuel particles due to various mechanisms such as enhanced mixing, entropy production, and transport. In order to demonstrate this e ect, burn time measurements were obtained for laminar and turbulent conditions at similar test conditions. The amount of turbulence present was also studied using PIV methods to verify that it represents a signi cant di erence between the two conditions. The experiments were conducted in the UIUC heterogeneous shock tube facility. The test conditions were 10atm and 2500K after the re ected shock for both the turbulent and laminar cases. Turbulence conditions were produced by placing a perforated plate directly upstream of the optical section installed at the end of the shock tube; the plate design has been previously documented in multiple papers to produce an area of isotropic and homogenous turbulence. The test particles were 40-60nm Al, 110 nm Al, 4 um Al, and 7.5 um Al in order to allow for a representative range of Al particles typically used in energetics research. High speed cameras and a 532nm green laser were used to obtain both the burn time data and PIV turbulence images. Burn time results showed a 10-25% reduction in burn times for the turbulent case compared to the laminar case. The amount of reduction seems to decrease by increasing particle size. Due to a lack of standard burn time evaluation procedure and thermal noise in the data, e orts were necessary to address repeatability and error issues. Therefore, 3 tests were conducted at each condition for each particle size, and variation between the tests were accounted for in the error to show that despite the error present, we can be reasonably con dent that there exists a notable burn time reduction. Finally, PIV was employed to study the quality and quantity of the turbulence present in the test conditions. The turbulent case PIV data indicated an average turbulence intensity of approximately 3%, which may be quali ed as medium turbulence. Laminar PIV data was less indicative due to poor seeding capabilities and ow disruption when the seeded particles were swept o the loading plate in the shock tube. An estimated 1% turbulence intensity was still observed in the laminar case, although it is clear from the velocity pro les that the ow is signi cantly more uniform and data less precise and therefore less reliable.


Motivating Examples * Preliminaries * Finite Element Approach for Partial Differential Equations * Control Problems * Numerical Analysis of Control Problems * State Constrained Control Problems.


In order to study the effects of operating parameters and surface topography on temperature of the end faces for mechanical seals, an average temperature calculation model of end faces for mechanical seals was established based on the contact fractal model and the friction factor fractal model, adopting fractal parameters to characterize surface topography, and simplifying the seal ring as equal cross-sectional equivalent cylinder. Influencing factors of average temperature were analyzed by simulation calculation for friction pair faces matched by cemented carbide YG8-carbon graphite M106K of partial balance mechanical seal. Theoretical calculation results show that the average temperature of seal face increased linearly with the increase of spring pressure or sealed fluid pressure, and increased approximately linearly with the increase of rotating speed. The average temperature increased with the increase of fractal dimension and with the decrease of characteristic length scale of the soft ring. The change of average temperature was smaller when the fractal dimension was smaller and the characteristic length scale was larger, while the average temperature increased rapidly when the fractal dimension was larger and the characteristic length scale was smaller.


According to the typical 32-bit floating multiplier,the paper groups the partial products which are produced by Booth algorithm and then explores a design for high speed Wallace tree by a structure of modified 4-2 compressor and CSA compressor mixed. Compare to the traditional Wallace tree structure,the new structure has smaller time delay,more regular layout and also be easier for VLSI realization.


Pérez Galdós's 1876 novel Doña Perfecta depicts the breakdown of the fictional micro-society of Orbajosa as the confrontation of ideologies is played out for the reader to witness. The failure to negotiate terms of coexistence begins with the arrival of the liberal outsider, Pepe rey, into the sanctified space of the conservative rural town of Orbajosa. Pepe's presence incites destabilization of the socio-cultural order that concludes with his murder, the insanity of his cousin and future wife, rosario, and the outbreak of war between the Government and the outnumbered villagers.1 The tragic denouement is typically attributed to the intransigence of the conservative inhabitants of the backwater town; however, it must be emphasized that the townspeople invoke a historically significant reference – the glorious victory of the Christian Spaniards over the invading Moors – to confront the contemporary crisis of national homogenization threatening local identity. Indeed, criticism of the novel has recognized the suggestive presence of moros y cristianos as emblematic of the ideological conflict preventing a peaceful coexistence between liberals and conservatives.2 I contend here that the presence of moros y cristianos has a more prominent function in Doña Perfecta that demonstrates the danger of cultural symbols used as ideological weapons in socio-political crises. Orbajosan identity is nourished by the act of distinguishing members from non-members of the community. This process of differentiation had been fos-


Objective:To study the effect of Shenfu injection on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and Fas following acute myocardial ischemic reperfusion and explore instinct relationship. Methods:36 SD rats were randomized into three groups each consisting of 12 rats: sham group (S group), ischemic reperfusion+NS group(I/R group),ischemic reperfusion+ShenFu injection (SF group). Ischemic reperfusion models were made by left coronary artery ligation. The expressions of Bax,Bcl-2 and Fas were detected by immunohisto-chemistry.TUNEL method measured apoptotic myocardial cells,and calculated the apoptotic index. Results:The average OD value of Bax was significantly higher in I/R group than in S group(P0.01),but was significantly lower in SF group than in I/R group(P0.01),or than that in S group(P0.05). Compared with S group and SF group,the average OD value of Bcl-2 was higher and significantly higher(P0.05,P0.01), and the average OD value of Fas was significantly higher in I/R group than in S and SF group(P0.01).The apoptotic index in I/R group was significantly higher than that in other two groups(P0.01),and that in SF group was higher than S group (P0.05). Conclusion:ShenFu injection can enhance the expression of Bcl-2, decrease the expression of Bax and Fas, inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis and protect myocardial injury after ischemic reperfusion.


Field experimental trials were carried out at Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka. Kaduna located between latitude 10 35"N and longitude 0721"E at altitude 644m above sea level to compare the effect of different application of organic manures on growth and yield of water melon (Citrullus Ianatus). Two trials were conducted between the early onset of rain in April and post monsoon in October 2011 and the mean of the two trials were taken. The treatments were poultry manure, mixture of poultry manure plus goat/ sheep manure, goat/ sheep manure and control(no manure). The treatments were replicated four times in randomized complete block design. Data were collected on growth parameters such as plant vines length, Number of branches per plant, number of leaves and yield parameters like fruits weight, fruits diameter and number of fruits. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the mean separated using Least Significant Difference. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in plant vine length. The plots treated with poultry droppings had the highest value of plant vine length of 8.20, 137.90 and 216.30 cm at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting. Poultry droppings also gave the highest values for the weight of fruit (10.72 Kg) and diameter of fruit (53.25 mm). The best treatment is poultry manure which has the highest yield of 34.25% at 2.5 tonnes per hectare. Poultry manure showed positive Original Research Article Emeghara et al.; ASRJ, 4(2): 37-43, 2020; Article no. ASRJ.62879 38 effect on all the growth and yield parameters of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) measured. The use of poultry manure is therefore recommended for farmers in the study area in order to be able to obtain good yield of water melon.


Grid computing involves heterogeneous, geographically distributed resources that can work on a task together. Since the resource availability is dynamic, the grid infrastructure is prone to failure. So inorder to adapt to the failure, fault tolerant mechanism must be implemented. Commonly used techniques for fault tolerance are checkpointing and load balancing. To have an efficient fault tolerance mechanism this paper comes up with an optimal checkpointing algorithm that reduces overhead caused due to checkpointing. The proposed system uses Job replication to ensure completion of work and Dynamic Load balancing is used to avoid overload in any resources and to achieve maximum resource utilization and maximize throughput.


Imaging the lithospheric structure beneath the South China Sea (SCS) not only provides crucial constraints on the tectonic history of southeastern Asia, but also provides an important sample for understanding the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. However, due to the lack of seismic sampling, the lithospheric structures beneath the SCS are not well resolved. Here, with China National Seismic Network, we observe the "Lid signal" generated by earthquakes below the lithosphere, which propagates through the fast mantle Lid and acts as the first arrival. The Lid signal provides robust constraints on the structure of the lithosphere. Through modeling the Lid signals of events occurred at different depths, we find that the thickness of the lithosphere beneath the northern margin of the SCS is ∼65 km. Across the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, the SH velocity decreases by 6% ∼ 8% within 60 km. Such a large velocity contrast may be due to the presence of melt in the asthenosphere. We also detect another velocity jump at a depth of ∼250 km in both SH and P wave data, which correlates with the depth of the X‐discontinuity. A comparison between the lithospheric structure beneath the SCS basin and other oceanic plates further suggests a hot asthenosphere beneath the SCS, which could be related to the existence of the Hainan Plume nearby.


It is important for Muslim to recite the Quran properly with the correct Tajweed. which includes the use of correct characteristics (sifaat) and point of articulations (makhraj). To this date, there are limited researches done focusing on classifying the Quranic letters according to the characteristics. In this study, the focus is given to the classification of the characteristics of the Quranic letters for the purpose of developing an automated self-learning system for supporting the conventional method of Quranic teaching and learning. The characteristics of Quranic letters, which are the focus in this paper are Leaning and Repeating, where both consists of ر (ro) alphabet. Several methods of feature extractions and analysis were implemented such as Formant Analysis, Power Spectral Density (PSD), and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) to come out with the suitable features that best represent the correct characteristics of the alphabet. Once the features had been identified, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were used as the classifier. The results show that QDA with all 19 features trained achieved the highest percentage accuracy for both Leaning ( Al-Inhiraf) and Repetition (Al-Takrir) characteristics with of 82.1% and 95.8% of accuracy respectively.


Many science and engineering problems can be formulated as optimization problems that are governed by m-flow type PDEs (multitime evolution systems) and by cost functionals expressed as multiple integrals or curvilinear integrals. Our paper discuss the m-flow type PDEconstrained optimization problems, focussing on a simplified multitime maximum principle. This extends the simplified single-time maximum principle of Pontryaguin in the ODEs case (curves) to include the case of PDEs (submanifolds). In Section 1 the idea of multitime is motivated. In Section 2 a multitime maximum principle, for the case of multiple integral functionals, is stated and proved. A version of multitime maximum principle, for the case of curvilinear integral functionals, is formulated in Section 3. Though a multiple integral functional is mathematically equivalent to a curvilinear integral functional (Section 4), their meaning is totally different in real life problems. A multitime maximum principle approach of variational calculus is presented in Section 5. M.S.C. 2000: 93C20, 93C35, 49K20, 49J20, 53C44.


Dilute arrays of GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped quantum dots (QDs) fabricated by electron-beam lithography and low impact reactive-ion etching exhibit highly homogeneous luminescence. Single quantum dots display spectral emission with peak energies and linewidths linked largely to the geometrical diameter of the dot and to the built-in electron population. Excitonic-like and biexcitonic-like emission intensities have activation energy of about 2 meV. These results highlight the potential of high quality nanofabricated QDs for applications in areas that require fine control of optical emission.


This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, asset structure, liquidity and sales growth on the capital structure of food and beverage subsector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (1DX). The research time period used was 6 years, 2016-2021. The population of this study includes manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2016-2021 period. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Based on the predetermined criteria, 10 companies were obtained from manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The analysis method used is panel data regression analysis using Eviews software version 12.0. The panel data regression model used is the Random Effect Model. In this study, the dependent variable is capital structure (Y) and the independent variable is profitability (X1), asset structure (X2), liquidity (X3), sales growth (X4) and leverage (X5). The results of his research indicate that the independent variables (profitability, asset structure, liquidity, sales growth and operating leverage) have a simultaneous effect on the dependent variable on capital structure. Partially the asset structure and leverage has a positive effect, while profitability, liquidity and sales growth have no effect on the capital structure.


The purpose of this study is to examine the histological types of uterine cancer in our hospital during the 2000-2009 interval. The data was collected from the Histopathology Exams (HPE) registers. Uterine cancer was discovered in 392 cases, representing 31,46% of all genital cancers (1246 cases). Most cases (371 or 94,64%) were represented by carcinomas, sixteen patients (4,08%) had sarcomas and there were also four cases of carcinosarcoma (1,02%) and one case of carcinoma-carcinosarcoma combination (0,26%). Endometrioid carcinoma appeared in 87,33% of all carcinoma cases. Twelve cases of sarcoma were endometrial stromal sarcomas and four were leiomyosarcomas. The mean ages of the patients were 61,71±9,06 years. After performing the t-test for mean ages of the patients, the statistically significant differences are those between the sarcoma cases and the entire uterine cancer group (p<0.000001) and between the carcinosarcoma cases and the entire uterine cancer group (p=0.000002).The results of our study are similar to those in previous researches regarding the frequency of different histological types and the median age. Uterine cancer, although less aggressive, still remains a serious public health issue in Romania as many cases are discovered too late. INTRODUCTION Tumors of the uterine corpus comprise the most common group of gynecologic malignancies (Jemal et al, 2007). The large number of survivors with uterine cancers reflects a disease characterized by early onset of symptoms, a long and slow evolution, and wellestablished diagnostic guidelines; uterine bleeding, the most frequent symptom, determines the patients to go to seek early medical attention. Nevertheless, women with high-risk or advanced disease have a poor prognosis and account for the most uterine cancer deaths (Zaino et al, 1991; Gusberg 1993). Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in the Western world and the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, lung, and colorectum. Developing countries and Japan have incidence rates four to five times lower than Western industrialized nations, with the lowest rates being in India and south Asia. Women have an approximately one in forty lifetime risk of being diagnosed with uterine cancer. The majority are stage I at diagnosis as most women present with postmenopausal bleeding. Approximately 90-95% of tumors arise within the epithelium of the uterine lining and are categorized as endometrial carcinomas; within this group, 75% to 80% are endometrioid adenocarcinomas (Zaino et al, 1991; Gusberg 1993; Parazzini et al, 1991); the remaining 5-10% of cases being sarcomas. The median age of diagnosis for endometrioid cancer is 63 years and most patients are postmenopausal (Parazzini et al, 1991); also, most patients are between the ages of 50 and 59 years. Approximately 5% of women will have adenocarcinoma before the age of 40 years, and 20– 25% will be diagnosed before the menopause (Creasman et al, 2007). About 70% are confined to the corpus at the time of diagnosis, with a 5-year survival of approximately 83% (Prat et al, 2007). The average age of patients with nonendometrioid cancer is 67 years, and at least half have already spread beyond the corpus at the time of diagnosis; their 5-year survival is approximately 62% for clear cell carcinomas and 53% for papillary serous cancers (Creasman et al, 2006). Two different clinical and pathological subtypes of endometrial cancer are recognized: the estrogen-related (type I or endometrioid), and the non-estrogen-related (type II or nonendometrioid). Each subtype has specific genetic alterations. Approximately 80% of newly diagnosed endometrial carcinomas in the Western world are endometrioid in type (Prat et al, 2007). Any factor that increases exposure to unopposed estrogen (e.g., estrogen-replacement therapy, obesity, anovulatory cycles, estrogen-secreting tumors) increases the risk of these tumors, whereas factors that decrease exposure to estrogens or increase progesterone levels (e.g., oral contraceptives or Jurnal Medical Aradean (Arad Medical Journal) Vol. XV, issue 1-4, 2012, pp. 22-26 © 2012 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.jmedar.ro Jurnal Medical Aradean (Arad Medical Journal) Vol. XV, issue 1-4, 2012, pp. 22-26 © 2012 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.jmedar.ro) 23 smoking) tend to be protective (Parazzini et al, 1991). Endometrial cancer may occasionally develop after radiation treatment for cervical cancer. In such cases, the majority are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease and are high-risk histological subtypes. Their prognosis is poor but does not appear to be significantly worse when compared to patients with high-stage, high-grade sporadic cancers (Pothuri et al, 2006). Endometrial adenocarcinoma occurs during the reproductive and menopausal years. Variants of endometrioid adenocarcinoma include adenosquamous, villoglandular, ciliated, and secretory subtypes. About 10% of tumors are considered mixed histology; rare cell types, including papillary serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, papillary endometrioid carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma, account for the remaining cases. In general, all of these uncommon cell types are associated with a later age of onset, greater risk for extrauterine metastases, and poorer prognosis when compared with typical grade 1 adenocarcinomas (McMeekin et al, 2007; Hendrickson et al, 1982; Sutton et al, 1987). Sarcomas arising within the uterus are relatively rare. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data reported by Brooks and colleagues covering 2677 cases from 1989–1999, the age-adjusted incidence for all sarcomas (per 100,000 women age 35 and over) in US women was 2.68 for native American/Asian/ Hispanic, 3.58 for white, and 7.02 for black women. By comparison, the incidence for epithelial uterine cancers, per 100,000 women, is roughly 9 for black women and 20 for white women. Uterine sarcomas represented 8% of primary uterine malignancies in the most recent analysis of the SEER database. Harlow and coworkers had previously reported from SEER databases covering 1973–1981, which suggested an annual incidence of only 1.7 cases per 100,000 women. Sarcomas have been traditionally thought to represent only 3–5% of all uterine tumors. The increasing incidence of uterine sarcomas noted in the SEER studies may reflect better diagnosis, and perhaps a true increase in an aging population. Of the sarcomas, the most common, in order of decreasing incidence, are carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. Of the 1452 uterine sarcomas in Harlow's study, 86% were classified as carcinosarcoma (MMMT) or leiomyosarcoma. Sherman reporting on SEER data from 1992–1998 found that 53% of all sarcomas were carcinosarcomas (Holland, 2010). Frequency of adenocarcinoma of the uterus Type Number (%) Endometrioid 6231 (84%) Adenosquamous 317 (4.2%) Mucinous 74 (0.9%) Papillary serous 335 (4.5%) Clear cell 185 (2.5%) Squamous cell 28 (0.04%) Other 285 (3.8%) (Pecorelli, 1998) Classification of uterine sarcomas Non-Epithelioid Neoplasms Leiomyosarcoma Epithelioid Myxoid Endometrial stromal neoplasms Stromal nodule Low-grade stromal sarcoma Undifferentiated stromal sarcoma Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor Leiomyoma Histologic variants Mitotically active variant Cellular variant Hemorrhagic cellular variant Epithelioid variant Myxoid Atypical variant Lipoleiomyoma variant Mixed Epithelial and Non-Epithelial Tumors Adenosarcoma Homologous Heterologous Carcinosarcoma Homologous Heterologous Adenofibroma Carcinofibroma Adenomyoma (Mendivil et al, 2010) OBJECTIVES, MATERIAL AND METHOD The purpose of this study is to examine the histological types of uterine cancer in our hospital during the 2000-2009 interval, the data being collected from the Histopathology Exams (HPE) registers. The bioptic material was obtained through curettage and from histerectomy specimens. RESULTS There were 1244 case of genital cancers diagnosed in our hospital during the 2000-2009 period, including cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer; there were 392 cases of uterine cancer (Table 1). The fragments sent to the histopathology departments were obtained by biopsies in 239 cases (60,97%) and from surgical specimens in 153 cases (39,03%). Of the uterine cancer cases, 371 were carcinomas (94,64%), sixteen were sarcomas (4,08%), four were a carcinosarcomas (1,02%) and there was a case of carcinoma combined with carcinosarcoma (0,26%) (Table 2, Figure 1). A total of 372 patients had carcinomas (94.90%), while five had carcinosarcomas (1.28%). Jurnal Medical Aradean (Arad Medical Journal) Vol. XV, issue 1-4, 2012, pp. 22-26 © 2012 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.jmedar.ro Jurnal Medical Aradean (Arad Medical Journal) Vol. XV, issue 1-4, 2012, pp. 22-26 © 2012 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.jmedar.ro) 24 Table 1 Types of gynaecological cancer


Capacitive equipment in oil refining and petrochemical processes belongs to one of the most significant and responsible groups of process equipment of hazardous production facilities. Having various purposes, an impressive part of the process vessels is operated at increased pressures and temperatures under conditions of corrosion-erosion wear. Therefore, capacitive equipment must meet all the necessary requirements in the field of reliability and industrial safety. Depending on the effect of various operational loads and other factors, the distribution of the stress-strain state of the equipment elements can vary according to various scenarios depending on the determining parameter of the technical state and the dominant damage mechanism. One such factor may be the loads on the nozzles from process pipelines. The geometry features and various operational parameters of the piping can have a significant effect on the formation of the stress-strain state of the vessel and the distribution of areas of concentration of increased stresses. In the future, defects of various levels may occur in these zones. In this regard, the work on the study of the stress-strain state of the vessel is relevant, taking into account the loads that pipelines from the process piping exert on the nozzles.


Polarization-dependent RF delay and amplitude due to PMD in OBFNs are investigated. Delay deviation and amplitude fluctuations in each delay line cause a major degradation of the OBFNs radiation pattern.


This book examines the doctrine of transgenerational punishment found in the Decalogue—that is, the idea that God punishes sinners vicariously and extends the punishment due them to three or four generations of their progeny. Though it was "God-given" law, the unfairness of punishing innocent people merely for being the children or grandchildren of wrongdoers was clearly recognized in ancient Israel. A series of inner-biblical and post-biblical responses to the rule demonstrates that later writers were able to criticize, reject, and replace this problematic doctrine with the alternative notion of individual retribution. From this perspective, the formative canon is the source of its own renewal: it fosters critical reflection upon the textual tradition and sponsors intellectual freedom. To support further study, this book includes a valuable bibliographical essay on the distinctive approach of inner-biblical exegesis showing the contributions of European, Israeli, and North American scholars. An earlier version of the volume appeared in French as L'Herméneutique de l'innovation: Canon et exégèse dans l'Israël biblique. This new Cambridge release represents a major revision and expansion of the French edition, nearly doubling its length with extensive new content. Legal Revision and Religious Renewal in Ancient Israel opens new perspectives on current debates within the humanities about canonicity, textual authority, and authorship.


Design, construction and performance of several cryogenically-coolable millimeter-wave amplifiers for radio astronomy applications, using AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HEMTs, are presented. The examples include a 40-50 GHz amplifier with an average noise temperature of about 15 K and a 60-80 GHz amplifier yielding a laboratory receiver noise temperature of 37 K at 60 GHz and 50 K at 75 GHz.<<ETX>>


Antigen-specific T-cell responses are controlled and fine-tuned by co-signaling molecules on cell surface. While the CD80/CD86/CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is found to mainly regulate the priming phase of a T-cell response, recent studies demonstrate that differentiation, effector and memory phases of a T-cell response are controlled by other co-signaling pathways. I will focus the discussion in molecular and functional aspects of a more recently identified pathway, B7-H1/B7-DC/PD-1, as well as their implications in the development of cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.

This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity , a [Cancer Research Institute][1] journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research .

 [1]: http://cancerresearch.org/


The utility model discloses a penis support body, mainly comprising a liquid pump valve and two cylinders and a sac connected with the liquid pump valve with vessel. The utility model is characterized in that one pressure valve in the liquid pump valve and the two cylinders are connected with the vessel. The utility model is designed artful and with reasonable structure. With the action of the hydraulic pump, liquid flows through the pressure valve, enters the shunt circuit channel, and connects with the two cylinders in the sac. Thereby, the liquid in the two cylinders is under the same liquid pressure all along, causing the penis concealed when it is not erectile but softened and flagging. The utility model has generalization value.


Introduction. As compared to developed countries, the amount of research in Brazil remains low. Being so, it is advisable to discuss the reasons that justify this disparity. Objectives. By using an analysis of the current situation, to offer proposals for solving this problem. Methods: A critical analysis of the several difficulties in doing research in Brazil. Results. Among several factors, the author identifies and discusses eight main barriers for doing research in Brazil. Conclusions. Doing research in a developing country is a difficult task for any researcher. Lack of governmental investment in science and technology, a paucity of industries that support research and a deficitary academic career are challenges to Brazilian researchers. In this essay, we have tried to identify the barriers to research in headache and to discuss the solutions to enhance the scientific production in our country.


The composited cosmological defects in superfluids of nafen-disorded 3He are discussed in this review article. In spite of the existence of the half quantum vortices (Alice strings), more novel composited cosmological defects such as Nambu monople, Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi (KLS) string wall, and nexus objects appear in this system in the two-step successive symmetry breaking phase transition. To reveal them, we analyzed symmetry breaking patterns in detail by using the algebraic topology and group theory. It turns out that the fibrations of the degenerate parameter spaces of symmetry breaking patterns dominate the existence of composite cosmological defects in the successive symmetry breaking of nafen-distorted 3He. To compare our model with ROTA's experiment of string wall, we demonstrate how the KLS string wall extend to 1D nexus in equilibrium states. The equilibrium free energies, which determines the configurations 1D nexus, are evaluated by non-linear numerical optimization algorithm. Based on these equilibrium configurations, we calculated the spectrum of spin dynamical response of system under weak magnetic driving. The results exactly coincide with the experimental observations.


Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) impact the development of their host regions. Systematic empirical research into the effects of HEIs on their host regions likewise has a long tradition. Even more, countless studies demonstrate the positive impact of HEIs on their regional environment. Various politicians, administrators and researchers have emphasised the role of HEIs in developing of territory there HEIs are operating. In addition, the focus of practitioners and academics has been on role of HEIs in ensuring integrated and sustainable development of their administrative territory. Taking into account before mentioned, the aim of the paper is to analyse the role HEIs in ensuring integrated and sustainable regional development of the territory there HEIs are operating, especially in case of Latvia. The tasks are formulated as follows: 1) to review the theoretical background on the role of HEIs in ensuring integrated and sustainable regional development; 2) to analyse empirical research on importance of HEIs in ensuring integrated and sustainable regional development; 3) to analyse case of Latvia, namely how HEIs in regions ensure integrated and sustainable regional development. In order to achieve the aim, following research methods have been used: scientific literature studies, statistical data analysis and case study method. Main results and conclusions of the paper: the analysis of the scientific literature and empirical studies shows that HEIs matter the development of the host region and affect the integrated and sustainable regional development via channels of teaching, research and outreach activities. In case of Latvia, regional HEIs have dissimilar impact on integrated and sustainable development of the region through different teaching, research and outreach activities.


The number of reader visits and distribution of resource utilization in digital Library of College of Clinical Medicine of Yangzhou University were analyzed in an attempt to provide the evidence for its scientific management,improve its information service efficiency,and elevate the scientific research and teaching levels in our hospital.


In Earth Sciences there is a growing interest in simple, field usable radon-in-water monitors with temporal resolutions of hours or less. They can be used to study fast transport processes with radon as a natural tracer. Separating air and water by a diffusion membrane and then measuring the radon concentration in the gaseous phase is an easy method to determine radon in water. Thin plastic foils used for this purpose show a slow diffusion and are delicate. However thick-walled, mechanically stable, watertight membrane tubes developed for microfiltration let radon pass easily. The radon concentration in the tube reaches 90% of the saturation value after only 10 min. A few meters of this tube and a flow- through radon-in-air detector make a simple radon-in-water monitor with a temporal resolution below 1h.


One of the visual tasks adopted as an "exemplar" for techniques by the Alvey MMI-007 consortium has been the detection and identification of vehicles in natural scenes. We have adopted a knowledge-based approach to the task, which seeks to explain the 2-D image in terms of known context and known geometry of the 3-D object being identified. This approach differs markedly from the more familiar technique of computing a 3-D description of the scene using information derived from stercopsis, or motion, or shading, prior to matching against stored 3-D models.


Reciprocating compressors are widly used for refrigeration systems, and an understanding of piston-ring lubrication in the compressor is vital for designers in reducing the energy loss due to friction because a substantial portion of friction in the compressor is attributable to the piston-ring assembly. In this study, the modified Reynolds equation of Patir & Cheng is applied in order to consider the surface roughness effects, and Greenwood & Tripp's model is also applied in order to cosider the contact of piston-ring face with cylinder wall. In the anlalysis, two types of inlet boundary conditions, fully flooded condition and starvation condition, are applied at the leading edge and the Reynolds boundary condition is applied at the trailing edge, respectively. It is clarified from the numerical results that surface roughness and quantity of oil supply significantly affect the friction force of the piston-ring in refrigeration compressors.


Research on network orchestration has focused on how central firms coordinate networks to reach collective goals. However, recent research has posited that open-system intermediaries–socially focus...


An ensemble Kalman-filter smoother (LETKS) is used to estimate aerosol emission in the global climate/aerosol model ECHAM-HAM by assimilating retrievals from the multiangle polarimeter POLDER. The assimilated observations (aerosol optical depth, angstrom exponent and single scattering albedo) provide a wealth of information in order to correct the aerosol amount, size and composition simultaneously. The emissions are estimated per species (dust, sea salt, organic carbon, black carbon, sulfates and sulfate precursor gases), per sector (biomass burning and fossil fuel) and by size (Aitken, Accumulation and Coarse). An evaluation of the data assimilation experiment reveals that the model errors are reduced for all the assimilated observables in most areas over the globe. Surprisingly, in the biomass burning outflow area of South Atlantic the aerosol optical depth error increases. This increase cannot be attributed to emission errors, since the model error (for all observables) over the biomass burning African sources is very low after the assimilation. Hence, we use the new corrected emissions and tune various model processes (e.g. emitted particle size, wet growth, emission height, removal processes) in order to improve the aerosol optical depth in the outflow and not affect it negatively in the sources. This application shows how data assimilation results can be used to highlight "hidden" model errors and promote future model development.


This article focus on the nonlinear wave equation(1.1). Under some restrictions on the parameters in the system,the paper obtain two results on the global existence of solution and exponentially decay of the energy.


The Tertiary succession in the Fusagasugá syncline includes unconformities, thick marginal to alluvial deposits, and an upsection change in sandstone composition that constrain pre-Miocene deformation eastward of the present western flank of the Cordillera Oriental. Five informal units were mapped along the western flank of the syncline. Lower Paleocene finegrained coastal plain deposits of Unit I (499 m) rest paraconformably upon upper Campanian shallow-marine sandstones and calcareous shales of the Guadalupe Group; palynological data document the absence of middle and upper Maastrichtian strata. The disconformity between paleosols at the top of Unit I and estuary sandstone and siltstones of Unit II (153 m) marks a second stratigraphic surface with a biostratigraphic gap that probably includes the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. The remaining succession (Units III to V; >1400 m) is not dated, and the lithofacies association of sandy siltstones and sandstones indicates that depositional environments prograded from coastal to alluvial plains. Mappeable sandstone intervals in Units II to V show lateral extent of several hundred of meters, intraformational gentle angular unconformities, and gentler dip of beds toward the axis of the syncline; these map patterns are similar to those predicted in growth strata in continental settings, suggesting accumulation during deformation. The upsection increase in population of lithic fragments and feldspars between the Guadalupe Group and Unit I, of metamorphic lithic fragments between Units I and II, and of volcanic lithic fragments between Units III and IV indicate the unroofing of source area(s) and volcanism during deposition of Units IV and V. INTRODUCTION In the Fusagasugá syncline, a structure 60 km west from Bogotá, the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary succession differs abruptly with coeval successions in presently contiguous thrust sheets (Figure 1) (e.g. Cáceres et al, 1970; Acosta & Ulloa, 1997). This abrupt difference raises the question whether strata have been telescoped perpendicular, oblique or laterally along regional faults. On the other hand, models of syntectonic deposition, evidenced by the record of growth strata, could explain the differences in thickness and lithologies of coeval strata. In the last years, several papers have documented pre-Miocene events of deformation along the Middle Magdalena Valley and the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera. North of the study area, folds and thrusts concealed below a regional Late Eocene unconformity document a Paleocene-Early Eocene event of west-verging thrusting along the Middle Magdalena Valley and the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera (Restrepo-Pace, 1999). Alternatively, deformation of the coarsening-upward Upper CretaceousPaleocene strata beneath the unconformity has been related to flexural tilting caused by the shift in locus of deformation from the Central Cordillera to the Eastern Cordillera (Gomez et al, 2003). Farther west in the Piedras-Girardot foldbelt, stratigraphic pinchouts of Upper Cretaceous lithic sandstones and eastward thickening of Paleocene growth strata indicate gentle deformation affecting the Piedras-Girardot foldbelt during Late Cretaceous time and west-vergent thrusting (Montes, 2001). This paper summaries stratigraphic, petrographic, and palinological results of a comprehensive study carried out in 1996 in the western flank of the Fusagasugá syncline. The main purpose of that study was to document the stratigraphy, age, sandstone composition and surfaces of stratigraphic correlation in the Tertiary succession. Nowadays, these results may be integrated into regional studies addressed to attest different models of deformation proposed for the Central and Eastern Cordilleras, and to give sedimentary facies indicators for palinspastic reconstruction of the Magdalena Valley, western flank of the Eastern Cordillera, and the Sabana de Bogotá areas. REGIONAL SETTING The Fusagasugá syncline, a broad southsouthwest-plunging structure, follows the regional structural trend of the Usme syncline to the east and the San Bernando and San Juan synclines to the south (Figures 1 and 2). These synclines are bounded by west-vergent tight anticlines and thrust faults of the werstern flank of the Eastern Cordillera. West of the Fusagasugá syncline and between the Boqueron and Quinini faults, synclines axes has a non-linear northeast trend. Figure 2 shows a cross-strike alignment of northwest-striking structures and termination of regional folds and faults described above. In thrust belts, transverse zones are identified in map view by abrupt along-strike changes in thrust-belt structures, including plunging ends of ramp anticlines, bends in strike of longitudinal thrust faults and associated folds, transverse faults and folds, changes in stratigraphic level of detachment, displacement transfer between frontal ramps, and boundaries between structural styles (Thomas, 1990). Therefore, the cross-strike alignment of structures shown in Figure 2 supports the identification of a transverse zone, named here as Fusagasugá transverse zone. METHODS Geological mapping of about 46 km2 at a scale of 1: 25.000 at the western flank of the Fusagasugá syncline was carried out in order to map structures and the lateral continuity of units. The Cacho and Bogotá Formations (sensu Cáceres et al, 1970) were surveyed at a scale of 1: 100 and 1:500 respectively using the Jacob ́s staff method. Samples of sandstones and mudstones were collected at different stratigraphic positions for petrographic analysis and palynological age determination. Thirty sandstone samples were selected for petrographic analysis. One thousand points were counted for each thin section in order to identify composition of framework and accessory grains, as well as interstitial material. Detrital modes exclusive of carbonate grains, heavy minerals and micas were calculated from the point-count results and plotted in ternary diagrams. Although we used the traditional method of point-counting (polymineralic, coarselly crystalline grains are counted as lithic fragments; e.g., Ingersoll et al, 1984), most of the sandstones are fine-grained and allow the plot of modal compositions in ternary diagrams of Dickinson (1985) that relates sandstone composition with tectonic setting. Fifteen palynological samples were analyzed for determination of age and interpretation of depositional environments. The samples were processed with 70% HF; centrifuged twice in ZnCl2 solution. The float fraction was oxidized with KClO3 plus HNO3. At least two completed slides of each sample were scanned at about 20X. Counts were made to determine the relative frequency of each species in each sample. Five categories were defined: "Rare", 1-2 individuals per slide, "Present" 3-5 individuals, "Common" 610, "Abundant" 11-30 and "Dominant" >30 individuals per slide. The genera assignments were done according to the taxonomy in Muller et al (1987), Jansonius & Hills (1976), and Lentin & Williams (1993). The palynofacies classification is described in Jaramillo et al (1995). The TAI (thermal alteration index) is an scale based on color of spores and pollen measured by reflects light under oil (Traverse, 1988). STRUCTURE OF THE WESTERN FLANK OF THE FUSAGASUGA SYNCLINE Detailed mapping of the western flank of the Fusagasugá syncline exhibits a wide variety of structures (Figure 3). Mesoscopic, parallel and asymmetric folding is observed in laminated mudstones, claystones and siltstones at the base of Unit I (Figure 4A), suggesting that west-vergent thrusting of the Cretaceous sequence in the subsurface continue along the base of the Unit I. This thrust system is accompanied by folding associated to a ramp at the core of the Fusagasugá syncline. A local fault affects strata of Unit I. An imbricated array of northwest-striking left-lateral faults are characterized by narrow segments of brittle deformation accompanied by wedge-like, sub-vertical cleavage with horizontal displacement and cataclastic rocks affecting Cretaceous rocks. Neutral folding at mesoscopic scale was observed in sandstones of Units II and III. Seismic studies are needed to understand the geometry in depth and origin of these northweststriking structures. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE FUSAGASUGA SYNCLINE Five informal units, named Units I to V, were mapped in the Tertiary succession (Figures 3 and 6). Basal Tertiary beds rest upon sub-tabular thick beds of fine-grained quartzarenites, phosphatic sandstones, and calcareous black mudstones and wackestones of the undifferentiated Guadalupe Group. Important lithological characteristics of each Tertiary unit are described below. Unit I (or Guaduas Formation sensu Cáceres et al, 1970) is 499 m thick at the Tibacuy-Cumaca road and consists of green, wavy-laminated mudstones with excellent record of plant remains. Thin to medium beds of ripple-laminated, finegrained iron-rich quartzarenites dominates at the bottom (Figures 4A and 7A). In the middle and top, sublitharenites and subarkoses (Figure 7B) are present in coarsening-upward sequences or interbedded with mudstones. The lithology in the upper 100 m consists of massive, light gray, red mottled mudstones (Figure 4B). A disconformable contact between Units I and II is defined by thick to medium beds of sublitharenites (Figure 7C) to litharenites interbedded with sandy siltstones and mudstones. The basal contact of the uppermost and thickest sandstone ridge truncates with a very low angle lower beds of Unit II north of Tibacuy, (Figure 3) and upper beds of Unit I south of Tibacuy (Figure 4C). A thickness of 153 m was measured along an unpaved road south of Tibacuy. Unit II (or Cacho Formation sensu Cáceres et al, 1970) consists of thick fining-upward successions of green to gray, fineto medium-grained sandstones interbedded with light gray, massive and sandy mudstones. Sedimentary structures of sandstone beds are dominantly


In this interview we discuss breast cancer prevention and risk assessments, including the questions these assessments aim to answer, what classifies someone as average or high risk, and appropriate next steps for patients who fall in these categories.


Purpose: To assess angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in aqueous humor and plasma of patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) as another potent ischemia-induced angiogenic factor. Methods: The clinical comparative study included 40 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 16 healthy subjects. For all patients, aqueous humors were collected during the cataract surgery or intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. ACE levels were measured using a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: We observed significantly elevated ACE level in aqueous humor of patients with PDR compared with the patients with NPDR and normal subjects (P = 0.023), but no significant difference was detected between nonproliferative diabetics and control group (P = 0.239). There was no significant difference in plasma ACE levels among diabetic and control groups (P = 0.816). Conclusion: Elevated ACE level may induce retinal angiogenesis and proliferative retinopathy in patients with DM. We consider that high levels of ACE in aqueous humor can reflect the association between retinal angiogenesis and DM serve as predictor in the progression of diabetic retinopathy.


With the evolution of neural network based methods, automatic speech recognition (ASR) field has been advanced to a level where building an application with speech interface is a reality. In spite of these advances, building a real-time speech recogniser faces several problems such as low recognition accuracy, domain constraint, and out-of-vocabulary words. The low recognition accuracy problem is addressed by improving the acoustic model, language model, decoder and by rescoring the N-best list at the output of the decoder. We are considering the N-best list rescoring approach to improve the recognition accuracy. Most of the methods in the literature use the grammatical, lexical, syntactic and semantic connection between the words in a recognised sentence as a feature to rescore. In this paper, we have tried to see the semantic relatedness between the words in a sentence to rescore the N-best list. Semantic relatedness is computed using TransE~\cite{bordes2013translating}, a method for low dimensional embedding of a triple in a knowledge graph. The novelty of the paper is the application of semantic web to automatic speech recognition.


The commonly used method for representing macroeconomics as a social system is by assuming the existence of a number of agencies (or entities) and of their various connecting links. In practice this is achieved and illustrated by the use of a block-and-flow diagram. For the case being considered in this paper, the whole social system of a country is deliberately included in its most complete, comprehensive yet simplest possible form (according to the scientific principle known as Occam's Razor.) By making suitable assumptions, it is found that only 6 entities with 19 connecting links are required (actually 16 are used, 3 being duplicated).This diagram for representing our social system is one of a number of different possible modelling techniques. An alternative way for its expression is by mechanical means, using a number of balancing-beams, weights and strings, with pulley-wheels. This kind of model is especially attractive for purposes of teaching, because of its visual and practical nature, with the ability to adjust it by hand. The use of this mechanical model brings into focus the need for definitions of the various entities within the system and their many functions, which is an attention-grabbing and attractive way of introducing the subject to new students.


Department of Defense Legacy Program [W9132T-12-2-0026]; Gap Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service


Prediction of outcome (prognostication) after Cardiac Arrest (CA) is a daily faced challenge for clinicians. Early and in particular reliable prognostication has the potential to decrease uncertainties among relatives, may help in taking correct medical decisions, and could prevent unnecessary long futile care. Electroencephalographic reactivity (EEG-R), the change in brain activity in response to an external stimulus, is described as a possible marker for outcome prediction. However, clear guidelines on how to test EEG-R and how to assess the results do not exist. This thesis is a collection of investigations testing the prognostic capacity of EEG-R in patients after CA. In a systematic review we found that methods of EEG-R testing vary widely, and that definitions are unclear. In a quest for standardization, a Delphi survey was performed with international experts on intensive care EEG. Agreement was reached on a standard stimulus protocol and a definition of EEG-R. To study the prognostic capacity of EEG-R, a prospective observational cohort study in 160 patients was performed. We found that EEG-R has limited value in prediction of poor outcome after CA: EEG-R based on visual analysis is not reliable, nor of additional value. For prediction of good outcome, EEG-R might be of additional value, especially in patients with a continuous or discontinuous EEG background. Quantitative analysis could be an alternative to visual analysis, however, for prediction of poor outcome, it is inferior to quantitative analysis of the EEG background. Use of EEG-R in prognostication after CA should be done with great restraints.


This volume contains the peer reviewed and edited versions of many of the papers presented at the 3rd Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 13-16, 1986. It is the fifth volume in the series Space Nuclear Power Systems. The objective of the symposia, and hence this volume, is to summarize the state of knowledge in the area of space nuclear power systems and to provide a forum at which the most recent findings and important new developments can be presented. Space Nuclear Power Systems 1986 includes a total of 45 papers prepared by 119 authors from more than 30 organizations. These 45 papers have been cataloged separately.


The numerous scientific feedbacks that the FitzHugh-Rinzel system (FHR) is having in various scientific fields, lead to further studies on the determination of its explicit solutions. Indeed, such a study can help to get a better understanding of several behaviours in the complex dynamics of biological systems. In this note, a class of travelling wave solutions is determined and specific solutions are achieved to explicitly show the contribution due to a diffusion term considered in the FHR model.


This article shows the current state and prospects of green tourism in the Crimea. Tourism is one of the main sectors of the economy that fills the budget of the Crimea. The development of rural, ecological and ethnographic types of tourism in the Crimea can solve many problems associated with the territorial, economic organization of leisure.


This essay focuses on an under-examined strand of Brazil's recent music documentaries; those focused on Brazilian Rock music. In particular, it analyses in detail one example, Titas – Life Even Looks Like a Party, noting how the film's formal characteristics animate aspects of the 1980s Brazilian Rock scene, the socio-political context of Brazilian Rock, and the trajectory of the band Titas itself. In doing so, the essay enables a re-evaluation of the political capacity of this under appreciated chapter of Brazilian music.


e12567Background: Eribulin is licensed for the ≥2-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. We assessed outcome of eribulin treatment in real world patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with eribulin for metastatic breast cancer at Guys Cancer Centre and affiliated units in South East London between Oct 2011 and Nov 2016. All data was extracted from electronic patient records. Results: We identified 158 patients with a median age of 55.8 years (range 30-94). Median WHO performance status (PS) was 1 (0-4). 68% were of white ethnicity, 23% black and 5% other. 67% were ER+, 13% Her2+ and 26% triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). 96% had visceral disease and 15% of patients had CNS involvement. Eribulin was given in 1% of patients as 1st line, 10% as 2nd, 51% as 3rd, 21% as 4th and 17% as 5thline treatment or beyond. Patients received a median of 4 cycles of eribulin (range 1-35). Median overall survival (OS) was 9.3 months and progression fre...


This paper considers the NCSs (Networked Control Systems) by PID controller. We discuss the packet losses, especially, the improvement of the response degradation caused by the MV (Manipulated Variable) packet losses. When MV packet is lost, the actuator complements the MV by some value, which is input to the plant. This complemented value is different from the MV calculated by the controller. This makes the internal state of the PID controller such as integral value inappropriate, and it degrades the response. We propose the compensation method which corrects the internal state of the PID controller. When the actual values of MV are obtained after the MV has been lost by packet loss, the value of SV (Set point Variable) at the sampling time point on which MV has been lost is modified such that the actual MV is calculated using the PV (Process Variable) and the modified SV. Moreover, we propose the MV complement method that modifies the method which holds the last available MV. And we demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods by simulation studies.


Abstract The present paper describes a new method for the determination of phenols contained in tobacco smoke condensates by means of 4-aminoantipyrine. The procedure can be reproduced without difficulties and is suitable for routine estimations


ABSTRACT Chinese suburbs are dominated by extensive high-density projects around transit-oriented development (TOD), but the form of development and the role of rail transit have not been fully investigated. Based on a case study of the No. 9 metro line in Songjiang, Shanghai, this paper examines the logic and implementation of TOD in China. We argue that rather than an effective tool for curbing suburban sprawl, TOD is appropriate to facilitate suburban growth by linking land sales, property development, and infrastructure funding. Rail transit, therefore, functions as an instrument for financial leverage. Despite great economic success, however, the provision of public facilities and services for the large number of residents has raised new challenges for the local government.


Six genetic populations (two parents, one each Fi and F2 and two backcros-ses) of three crosses, each for T. S. S. and rind thickness were raised during 1975 at the Division of Vegetable Crops, I. A. R. I., New Delhi. Generation means and geneAAeffects were estimated. Dominance gene effects (l) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were found important for the character like T. S. S. whereas addi-Ative component (d) was the major contributor for rind thickness. Duplicate type of epistasis was found more prominent for both the characters.


Objective:To make the cause of valvulopathy of senile patients understand clearly and reduce the misdiagnosis.Methods:Collecting 36 cases of valvulopathy of senile patients which have fairly complete clinical data,the clinical data was analysed.Results:The regressive valvulopathy was misdiagnosed easy as rheumatic heat disease,regressive valvulopathy infectious,endocarditis dysfunction and rupture of papillary muscle ect.Conclusion:The difference of the cause of valvulopathy of senile patientsand the difference of principal of the treatment.Diagnosis correctly and preventing misdiagnosis can improve curative ratio.


It is a useful attempt for the normal colleges and schools to carry out the practice of post-replacement to assist teaching,because it helps the reform of teaching practice in normal colleges and schools,and explores the model of personnel training.Through the practice of post-replacement to assist teaching,the normal students can go down to the grass-roots units,acquaint them with countryside,obtain the enormous enhancement in the comprehensive abilities of practice,teaching,organizing and etc,also simultaneously strengthen their willpower,promote their qualities of culture,mentality,professional ethics.This paper will illustrate the significance of the practice of post-replacement to assist teaching on colleges students based on the experience of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences.


Anderson-Fabrys disease is a genetic and hereditary disorder caused by the deficiency or absence of the enzyme alpha- galactosidase leading to accumulation of globotriacilceramida in different cells causing many clinical manifestations. It is considered the second most common storage disease after Gauchers disease. We describe a patient who presented musculoskeletal manifestations of Fabrys disease.


The utility model discloses a float island building structure. A main structure comprises a plurality of float chamber monomers, connecting devices, and anchoring and positioning devices, wherein the float chamber monomers are spliced and formed by the connecting devices with a chain ring type, and the connecting devices are arranged on natural shafts at the cross sections of both ends of each of the monomers and composed of hanging rings at the D end of both ends of each of the monomers, connecting shackles and chain rings at tail ends. Each floating chamber monomer uses a mixed frame structure and comprises a deck, a bottom, an inner frame, a cabin wall, a broadside plate and an end wall plate, wherein the deck and the bottom have longitudinal frame structures, and the broadside plate has the transverse frame structure. Each anchoring and positioning device is composed of an anchor, an anchor chain, a tube of the anchor chain and a chain tying pile and is arranged on each floating chamber monomer. The utility model has the advantages of magnificent scale, unique structure, high technological performance and high durability.


Considering the bearing stiffness and the contact stiffness between worktable and screw,the drive screw is seen as a rotating Tinoshenko beam with elastic supports of both ends and the middle.Using boundary conditions and continuity conditions,the frequency equation of the screw is derived considering the effect of shearing strain,movement inertia,gyroscope and the pre-tension force on drive screw's lateral vibration.The mode shape of the screw is solved.The lateral vibration frequency is analyzed when the worktable moved from the left end to the right end of the screw and the effect of the system parameters like bearing stiffness,rotating speed and pre-tension force on the natural frequency of the lateral vibration of the drive screw to supply a base for the improvement of processing speed and quality of machine tool.


The article is aimed at solving the problem of constructing and analyzing a compressed social graph, taking into account the estimates of the probability of a transition of the intruder's influence from user to user. The subject of the study are user accounts in the social network VKontakte as the basis for building user interaction and social graphs on them. Due to the peculiarities of the graphs under consideration, processing them is a very time-consuming task, requiring large computational resources. In order to optimize the algorithm of the analyzer being developed, the authors of this article conducted a study aimed at modifying the analysis module, with the purpose of diluting the social graph of staff interaction to optimize the process of its further processing. In this paper, we investigate various approaches to diminishing the dimension of edges of a graph, describe their weak and strong sides for the purpose of choosing the optimal graph dilution algorithm. The construction and analysis of the social graph will make it possible to calculate estimates of the security of users of the information system from social engineering attacks and also to analyze the trajectories of the spread of social engineering attacks.


The transportation industry distinguishes its activities and data into three functionally and institutionally distinct domains. Transportation infrastructure management activities make transport links (e.g., roads, rail lines, transit routes) available for travel. In contrast, civilian and military transport operations focus on finding and using the best transport links. Each of these three transportation interest groups - transportation facility operators, civilian and military transportation users - currently collects and maintains separate, often redundant or inconsistent information concerning the location and status of the transportation system, the vehicles using the system, and the passengers and freight (or material) being conveyed. Although there has been some progress made in integrating data within each domain, little emphasis has been placed on identifying and improving the flow of information between them. Because activities initiated in one domain affect conditions in the others, defining these flows is crucial to the next generation of planners, traffic managers and customers of transportation services. For example, construction and maintenance activities affect civilian and military route choices and travel times; large scale military movements disrupt civilian travel and have potentially major effects on the infrastructure and so on. This intertwined interest in the transportation system implies the need for data integration not only within each sphere of interest but among the spheres as well. Although recent policy statements by the U.S. Departments of Transportation and Defense and ITS America indicate a desire to combine and share information resources, there are enormous technical and institutional barriers that need to be overcome.


Abstract There is still no effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis even though the disease has a significant impact on HIV‐infected adults and children. Following evidence of the drug's promising efficacy in vitro, a phase‐1–phase‐2 study of miltefosine (given at 2·5 mg/kg for 14 days, with the dose capped at 100 mg/day) was recently initiated among Zambian adults with HIV‐related cryptosporidiosis. Seven patients were recruited before the trial was terminated prematurely because of lack of efficacy and the development of severe adverse events. The latter may have been entirely drug‐related or the result of extreme metabolic abnormalities already present in the patients enrolled in the trial. In future trials of miltefosine, attention will have to be paid to the possibility of metabolic abnormalities in the subjects investigated.


Abstract : The United States Naval Academy is a federal organization charged with developing midshipmen morally, mentally, and physically, so that they may become future officers in the Navy and Marine Corps. In order to better monitor the development of midshipmen, the Academy requires some form of a performance measurement tool. Recently, the Midshipman Information Database System (MIDS) was created to store information about each midshipman. In 1999, the Company Officer Management Information System (COMIS) prototype was created to work in conjunction with MIDS to enhance a Company Officer's ability to develop midshipmen and measure their performance. This research involves presenting the COMIS prototype to a sample of Company Officers, and gathering their opinions through a survey. The results of the survey are compiled to determine how well COMIS is received by Company Officers and what improvements to COMIS should be made in the future. The results of this research show that Company Officers feel COMIS is a useful performance measurement tool, and that its development should continue. The best avenue of COMIS development is to incorporate it into a module of MIDS. Combining these two computer programs into one will significantly enhance the development of midshipmen well into the 21st century.


Introduction:
 Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are critical mediators of anabolic signaling and are essential for cell growth. Findings in both animals and humans indicate that intra-cardiac BCAA levels are markedly elevated in the myocardium after infarction. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how BCAAs contribute to processes involved in post-infarction cardiac remodeling, such as fibrosis. The goals of these studies were to evaluate whether BCAAs can regulate collagen production and facilitate myofibroblast transdifferentiation.

 Methods and Results:
 To determine how profibrogenic stimuli influence genes critical for BCAA uptake and catabolism, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on fibroblasts isolated from sham and post-infarcted hearts as well as from naïve fibroblasts treated with TGFβ. Compared with fibroblasts from sham hearts, fibroblasts from post-infarcted hearts had higher expression of BCAA transporters (
 Slc7a8
 ,
 Slc3a2
 ,
 Slc38a1
 ,
 Slc1a5
 ), lower levels of the inhibitory kinase
 Bckdk
 , and higher levels of Bckdh complex constituents (
 Dbt,
 Dld
 ; n=3–6/group;,q<0.05). Similarly, TGFβ elevated
 Slc3a
 and
 Slc38a1
 as well as the BCAA catabolic gene,
 Bcat1
 (n=3/group; q<0.05). Culture of cardiac fibroblasts in BCAA-free medium completely prevented TGFβ-induced Col1a1 and periostin upregulation and markedly diminished α-smooth muscle actin abundance (n=3/group; p<0.05).

 Conclusion:
 In cardiac fibroblasts, profibrogenic stimuli increase the expression of genes involved in BCAA uptake and catabolism. BCAA availability significantly impacts fibroblast activation by regulating collagen synthesis and myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Ongoing studies will elucidate whether BCAA catabolism contributes to myofibroblast activation and whether lower dietary BCAA levels influence cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.


Part 1 Income maintenance in comparative perspective -introduction: paying for social rights, Ola Sjoberg poverty in the UK - a comparison with 19 other countries, Jonathan Bradshaw and Jun-Rong Chen social protection versus tax benefits, Adrian Sinfield. Part 2 Comparative welfare state theory - the analysis of regime types: hybrid or unique - the Japanese welfare state between Europe and America, Gosta Esping-Andersen identifying welfare state regimes - the links between politics, instruments and outcomes, Frances G. Castles and Deborah Mitchell how to design a "liberal" welfare state - a comparison of Canada and the United States, John Myles beyond European welfare regimes -comparative perspectives on East Asian welfare systems, Huck-Ju Kwon the paradox of redistribution and strategies of equality -welfare state institutions, inequality and poverty in the Western countries, Walter Korpi and Joakim Palme. Part 3 Social assistance, unemployment and the "under class": social assistance in OECD countries, Ian Gough et al the development of social assistance and unemployment insurance in Germany and Japan beyond social security - the economic value of giving money to unemployed people, Jochen Clasen watching the defectives - observers of the underclass in the USA, Britain and Austalia, Krik Mann. Part 4 Issues about family policy and familist ideologies: gender and the social rights of citizenship - the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states, Anna Shola Orloff dual welfare and sex segregation of access to social benefits - income maintenance policies in the UK, the US, the Netherlands and Sweden, Diane Sainsbury the "Southern model" of welfare in social Europe, Maurizio Ferrera gender, cash and informal care - European perspectives and dilemmas, Clare Ungerson conclusions, Jonathan Bradshaw et al. Part 5 The comparative analysis of cutbacks: welfare states under pressure - cash benefits in European welfare states over the last ten years, Mary Daly Eurosclerosis in European welfare states - regime theory and the dynamics of change, Peter Taylor-Gooby politics against convergence? current trends in European social policy, Giuliano Bonoli et al a new convergence? recent policy developments in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, Francis G. Castles et al. Part 6 Pensions policy - forces towards a convergence: summary and policy implications, OECD a risky strategy - reflections on the World Bank report "Averting the old age crisis", Roger Beattie and Warren McGillivray the measurement of social security convergence - the case of European public pension systems since 1950, Paul Johnson.


In the routine examination of stray dogs in a country area near Shanghai, a large percentage were found to be infected with Dirofilaria immitis. The microfilariae were easily found in blood films stained with Leishman's or Giemsa's stain. In some cases only a moderately heavy infection was found, but in some hyper-infection was present. (See fig.)


Over the last few years proteins actively secreted in culture filtrates by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been the object of extensive studies as they are considered immunodominant antigens able to induce a protective immunity in animal models. A new 8.3 kDa secretion protein released in culture filtrates by M. tuberculosis, M. bovis BCG, and a few other mycobacterial species has recently been described in our laboratory. The aim of the present study was to purify the protein from recombinant E. coli cells and to test its immunological potential in healthy subjects and tuberculous patients. The results obtained demonstrated that SA5K is able to induce in vitro proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes from healthy M. bovis BCG-vaccinated subjects, but not from patients with tuberculosis. The poor specificity displayed by the recombinant antigen when tested in Western blotting with sera obtained from healthy subjects and tuberculous patients, does not suggest, at least in the recombinant form, its employment for a serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.


A new iterative algorithm is proposed for solving problems with phase transitions formulated in terms of enthalpy. The proposed algorithm is compared with the modified Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel algorithms. The efficiency of the new algorithm is demonstrated with performed calculations.


Terence Patrick Dolan, the editor and author of numerous publications on the Irish variety of English, has compiled and edited an extensive Dictionary of Hiberno-English (DHE). Hiberno-English (HE) is "the language of everyday use in Ireland, a mixture of Irish (which is enshrined in the Constitution as 'the first official language') and English ('a second official language')" (xix). This language has its own grammar and vocabulary. The grammar of HE has recently been investigated comprehensively by Filppula (1999), whereas Dolan provides an excellent lexicographical study of the language, together with a concise grammatical and historical sketch. DHE opens with a brief forward (ix-xi) by Tom Paulin, who writes very emotionally and personally about "placing words in the landscape" and "discovering old friends." The foreword is followed by a list of abbreviations and symbols (xv-xvi) and a pronunciation scheme (xvii) , based on the IPA and employing all relevant diacritical marks. The incorporation of information on the pronunciation of individual lexical items, often missing from publications on Irish English, is a significant feature of this book, especially important for users outside of Ireland. In the introduction (xix-xxix) , Dolan describes the structure and origin of HE vocabulary, and states that the "main intention of this dictionary is to make accessible the common word stock of Hiberno-English in both its present and past forms, oral and literary" (xix). The introduction contains a brief outline of HE grammar, "a grammar of its own, which comprises a mixture of Standard English grammar, non-literary usage, and patterns derived from Irish grammar" (xxvi), as well as a note on the history of the English language in Ireland. In Dolan's own words, the "dictionary records the linguistic wealth of Hiberno-English speakers, to whom it is dedicated" (xxix) . Entries include information on pronunciation, alternative forms of headwords (these often show Anglicized spellings of the Irish source forms), part of speech labels, the full range of meanings, sources (identified at the end of the book) and appropriate quotations, derivations (from Irish or other languages) , and cross-references to other relevant entries. Two sample entries are quoted below:


The study endeavoured to understand and describe the acquisition of literacy among six elementary school children by examining their reading achievement patterns over a five year period. It explored the cognitive, social, and affective factors which influenced these patterns of achievement. Since the research focused on individuals, a case study approach was used. -- The six children who comprised the sample represented an average range of ability as assessed by two measures of general intelligence. At the end of grade 2 these children were relatively comparable in reading comprehension as measured by the CTBS comprehension subtest. However by the end of grade 4 they could readily be divided into an able and a less able group based on CTBS comprehension scores. By the end of the sixth grade, the differences between the two groups had widened considerably. The able and less able group of readers included three children each. The research was concerned with the development of these differences in reading ability and the factors which contributed to them. -- Three data sources were available to the study. They were (a) the SESA data files, (b) school records and (c) data collected by the present investigator. Quantitative data such as information gleaned from questionnaires and interviews were both included. The use of multiple data sources, the availability of various types of data, and the longitudinal dimension of the study allowed the construction of a comprehensive reading achievement profile for each student. -- The results showed that the able and less able readers differed on many cognitive, social, and affective factors which are related to reading, and that these differences influenced their patterns of reading achievement. The able readers decoded more efficiently, could better discern relationships among textual ideas, were better able to make inferences, made more effective use of monitoring and "fix-up" strategies, and had more extensive vocabularies than the less able readers. In addition, the stronger readers had more positive self-concepts, express more confidence in their ability to cope with school work, had more positive and realistic perceptions of themselves as readers, were more likely to come from homes where reading was an activity of choice, and watched less television than the weaker children. -- The research recognized that many factors influencing reading achievement are beyond the control of the school. However, instructional practices which result in long term negative effects on reading achievement should be recognized and avoided. Conversely, practices which have been shown to have positive effects should be fostered. Encounters with print should be successful and pleasant and children should learn to read in a supportive and risk-free environment. Children should read extensively from materials geared to their abilities and interests. Finally the study recognized the need for a comprehensive theory of reading encompassing many understandings and supported by a diversity of research and research methodologies. Such a theory should be understood by teachers so that it may guide teaching practices.


Abstract : This report deals with the study and fabrication of a low sidelobe, S-band linear dipole array. The specific design of this line source makes it directly applicable to a full size planar array for use in a high power, high efficiency, low sidelobe, tactical radar. Electrical and mechanical design details are discussed, including development of wideband, high isolation couplers, development of a crossed dipole radiator, the use of air-dielectric stripline as a transmission medium, considerations regarding the corporate-fed power divider, grating lobe considerations, size and weight budgets, and tactical constraints. Sources of both correlated and uncorrelated errors have been identified. A computer program is discussed which uses this error information to calculate statistically the azimuth patterns for the line source and for an array of N line sources. An error and tolerance budget has been determined that assures the array sidelobes to be below the -35, -38, -41, and -50dB level (first, second, third, and wide angle lobes, respectively).


Background: FDA Panel definition of nonunion ---- "Established when a minimum of 9 months has elapsed since injury and fracture shows no visible progressive signs of healing for 3 months". Tibial nonunion is most frequently met while considering the other long bone nonunion. This is mostly due to increase in the number of tibial fractures both close and open and in high-speed Road Traffic Accident (RTA) injuries. Failure of union may be due to an inappropriate mechanical environment or infection and in some cases, there is no apparent reason. The Ilizarov method relies on distraction osteogenesis and is used not only for segmental defects, but also to complex malalignment with minimal surgery. Ilizarov technique has the additional advantage of efficient fixation, early ambulation, elimination of bone grafting with minimal complications. Ilizarov provides stability and at the same time allow micro movements with axial loading with neo vascularization due to distraction, giving an excellent biological environment for fracture healing. Methods: Sample size of twenty (20) patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria admitted to Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Centre, Kelambakkam. Study period from to November 2020.


Surface defect inspection of no-service rail is important for safety of railway transportation. However, there are several challenges of irregular defect boundary, similar foreground and background for no-service rail surface defect inspection. To deal with the above challenges, depth image is used to provide complementary spatial information to RGB image. In recent years, with the development of deep learning and computer vision technology, intelligent inspection of defect has made great progress. We propose a neural network named collaborative learning attention network (CLANet) for no-service rail surface defect inspection. Our method can inspect the defect object of rail surface and segment the accurate region of that defect. The proposed method consists of three main stages: feature extraction, cross-modal information fusion, and defect location and segmentation. A multimodal attention block is proposed to highlight complex defect object with a new cross-modal fusion strategy. Furthermore, dual stream decoder enriches the representation of advanced features and avoids the dilution of information in the decoding stage. Suffering from the scarcity of defective data, an industrial RGB-D dataset NEU RSDDS-AUG is built. Finally, ablation studies verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. Compared with the existing nine state-of-the-art methods, CLANet has achieved improvements in all five parameters. Our method is also competitive on four public benchmark datasets.


: In order to reduce the cognitive load of students, the web app getch supports documenting, structuring and presenting individual or joint learning paths using different types of media (recordings, writings, photographs, videos, formulas or files) depending on a learner's individual preferences. In addition, it allows for various forms of cooperative and co-constructive learning. It was designed to help balance the field of tension between personalized and cooperative learning that is constitutive for inclusive as well as digital learning settings. Due to its conceptual openness, getch can be used across subjects and supports participative learning processes.


The influence of the dielectric environment on tunnel conduction in discontinuous metal films and cermets is evaluated in detail. It is shown as a result that earlier theoretical estimations of the activation energy for conduction are seriously in error: the new estimates are several times the experimental values. In order to obtain better quantitative agreement with experiment, account is taken of the spread in particle size and separation with a specimen.


OBJECTIVE Debate concerning the diagnosis of mental health problems has accelerated since the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Despite this, little is known about how multi-disciplinary teams work together in the face of differing views. Method Constructionist thematic analysis was used to analyse data from semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 mental health clinicians based at three acute child and adolescent mental health care units. Case discussions in team meetings were also observed. Results Views regarding diagnosis were largely a function of the role of team members and stratified according to hands-on involvement with young people. Nurses saw it as the least relevant to their practice, clinical psychologists and other allied health professionals were the most critical, and psychiatrists were the most pragmatic about the benefits. Despite these differences, and with a few exceptions, team unity was possible through dialogue regarding formulation. Conclusion Despite academic debates regarding diagnosis, professionals in acute mental health settings can work together effectively if united by psychological formulations. Language: en


Recently there has been growing interest in employing the orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) for blind maximum-likelihood (ML) detection. Several independent works have suggested that OSTBCs are favorable space-time codes from a blind receiver implementation standpoint. In this work we turn our attention to blind ML identifiability, with an emphasis on a special class of codes called the nonintersecting subspace (NIS) OSTBCs. We show a powerful property that NIS-OSTBCs are uniquely identifiable up to a sign for any nonzero channel. However, many existing OSTBCs are not NIS. We propose a code construction procedure that can convert an existing OSTBC to an NIS-OSTBC. Simulation result are provided to support our theoretical findings.


Process-based models play an important role in the estimation of soil N2O emissions from regions with contrasting soil and climatic conditions. A study was performed to evaluate the ability of two process-based models, DAYCENT and DNDC, to estimate N2O emissions, soil nitrate- and ammonium-N levels, as well as soil temperature and water content. The measurement sites included a maize crop fertilized with pig slurry (Quebec) and a wheat-maize-soybean rotation as part of a tillage-fertilizer experiment (Ontario). At the Quebec site, both models accurately simulated soil temperature with an average relative error (ARE) ranging from 0 to 2%. The models underpredicted soil temperature at the Ontario site with ARE from −5 to −7% for DNDC and from −5 to −13% for DAYCENT. Both models underestimated soil water content particularly during the growing season. The DNDC model accurately predicted average seasonal N2O emissions across treatments at both sites whereas the DAYCENT model underpredicted N2O emissions by 32...


We empirically compare Libor and Swap Market Models for the pricing of interest rate derivatives, using panel data on prices of US caplets and swaptions. A Libor Market Model can directly be calibrated to observed prices of caplets, whereas a Swap Market Model is calibrated to a certain set of swaption prices. For both models we analyze how well they price caplets and swaptions that were not used for calibration. We show that the Libor Market Model in general leads to better prediction of derivative prices that were not used for calibration than the Swap Market Model. Also, we find that Market Models with a declining volatility function give much better pricing results than a specification with a constant volatility function. Finally, we find that models that arechosen to exactly match certain derivative prices are overfitted; more parsimonious models lead to better predictions for derivative prices that were not used for calibration. JEL Classification: G12, G13, E43.


Since the financial crisis there have been extraordinary efforts by the European Central Bank to protect the single currency, alongside pronouncements by European political elites that the Euro determines Europe's fate and must be rescued at any cost. This Economic Messianism is challenged by the German constitutional court in its OMT reference, as violating the constitutional logic of the democratic Rechtsstaat. And yet, the German Court is also promoting an ordo-liberal logic of avoidance of moral hazard, fiscal competitiveness and austerity that undermines the project of European integration and erodes constitutional democracy in the debtor states. These tensions – between supranational economic integration, state sovereignty and domestic constitutionalism – reveal the depth of the constitutional disequilibrium in the EU, and also reflect broader contradictions in the development of late democratic capitalism.


The rapid nutrition transition in Venezuela is a result of a high urbanization process with changes in life style, a rise in sedentarism and the substitution...


The starch(St) graft sodium acrylate was synthesized by solvent method.It has a high viscosity and a strong shear-resistance.The copolymerization was carried out using N,N′-methylene bisacrylamid as the crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as the initiator.Effects such as the amount of monomer,initiator and crosslinking agent,neutralization degree of the acrylic acid(AA),reaction time and temperature on the apparent viscosity were discussed.Through orthogonal experiment,the optimum graft copolymerization condition was obtained as the follows: the mass ratio of starch to acrylic acid is 1∶ 1.5,the mass fraction of alcohol is 80%,initiator is 1% and crosslinker is 0.6% on the basis of the mass of starch,the reaction time is 2.5 h,the reaction temperature is 55 ℃,and the neutralization degree of the acrylic acid is 70%.The experiments showed that the graft starch paste has an excellent thixotropy.When 14.0 g/L slurry was dissolved in 4% salt water and base fluid,the apparent viscosity of the slurry was 26 mPa·s and the filtration loss was 7.2 mL.When the dosage of slurry was added up to 23.5 g/L in saturated salt water and base fluid,the apparent viscosity of the slurry was 54.5 mPa·s and the filtration loss was 3.1 mL.Additionally,the apparent viscosity and the filtration loss of the slurry were essentially remained the same after the slurry was treated for 16 h at 80 ℃.The experimental results show that the graft starch copolymer has good capacities of increasing viscosity and depressing the filtration loss,and it has excellent properties of aging-resistance and salt-resistance.