Measuring the perception of professional well-being appears as a problematic issue in past studies. Literature reviews show that previous studies have not yet reached an agreement on measures of teachers' professional well-being. Furthermore, when we consider the cultural context, a research gap becomes clearer. The aim of this study was to delineate measures of teachers' perceptions of professional well-being in the framework of positive psychology. The study tested the theoretically suggested measures using quantitative and qualitative data gathered from different sample sizes in line with the mixed-method research paradigm. Data belonging to a large sample size (n = 3637), medium sample size (n = 679) and small sample size (n = 29) were analysed through a mixed method with a multiple phase design. The study concludes that the main determinants of teachers' professional well-being are self-efficacy, job satisfaction and recognition.


We have measured the g factor of the 3/2/sup +/ hole state in /sup 43/Sc. This state, which has an excitation energy of 152 KeV and a mean life of 632 ..mu..s, has g = + 0.232 +- 0.004. The result is consistent with an earlier masurement for a similar state in /sup 47/Sc and require modification of a model earlier developed to explain the large inhibition in the decay of these states.


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The distributed denial of service attacks have become more and more frequent and caused some fatal problems. Many researches have been done to detect and defend such attacks, however, many solutions are still in the phase of theoretical studies. Some of them may have certain practical value, but they have to reconstruct the existing network and the routing instruments with great cost. This paper proposes a DDoS attack defending scheme based on network processor. The scheme takes advantage of network processor's powerful process ability to divide the network flow into different types firstly, and then uses a QoS mechanism to ensure essential communications as well as to eliminate the attack flow to the greatest extent. Experiment results show that the scheme can provide enough bandwidth for high priority flow, and effectively weaken the attack flow.


PbZrTiO 3 (PZT) thin films have been grown by RF-magnetron sputtering and sputter etched by Argon ion beam. The topography of the bombarded material is studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), several ferroelectric domains are created by applying a sufficiently high voltage between the tip of the AFM and the Ti/Pt back electrode of the PZT sample, and subsequently imaged using the AFM piezoresponse mode. The influence of the microstructure and of the ionic bombardment on the domain propagation is studied with a nanoscale resolution. It is found that the difference of cristallographic orientation between the samples has little influence on the domain propagation, except at large pulse durations. After etching, it is found that it is still possible to create and image stable domains, with no major influence of the bombardment on the propagation of the ferroelectric domains on comparable samples.


This paper is mainly situated within the tradition of analytic aesthetics. It concerns the formalist conception of aesthetic autonomy as found in the writings of Clive Bell and Roger Fry. This conception of aesthetic autonomy should be clearly distinguished from other conceptions of aesthetic autonomy found in (neo-)Marxist traditions and often referred to as 'artistic autonomy'. While conceptions are normative, the latter entails that the field of art should be autonomous and should not be instrumentalised by other fields of society, while the former conception claims that the essence of art and art's value should be situated in the artwork's aesthetic features only. Therefore, any cognitive, functional or moral features an artwork might have is seen as inessential to art hood and artistic value. This paper will reject the formalist notion of aesthetic autonomy. However, this in no way implies a rejection of artistic autonomy. More specifically, this paper deals with the formalist identification of non-Western artefacts as art. Consequently, several debates come together in this paper, namely the debate on the identification of art, on the universality of art and on the role of aesthetics in theories of art. The issues addressed here are not only relevant to the theoretical debate within analytic aesthetics, but also to cultural studies, art history and the anthropology of art, since this paper sheds new light on concerns like the universality of art, cultural appropriation of non-Western artefacts and cultural exclusion.


This paper is the continuation of the author's previous works, extending the Theory of Structural Variations presented therein from skeletal structures to the finite element systems in solid continuum. Based on the theory, a new analysis tool, called the Structural Variation Method ( SVM ), is developed. Its characteristic feature is that it totally eliminates the need of assembling and solving simultaneous equations as required in the usual FEM. SVM is favorable for the analysis of changing structures, such as that in structural optimization, contact problems, propagatioc of cracks in solids and so on.


Market economy,democracy and culture of the rule of law is the basic conditions for the rule of law's realization.The rule of law culture as an important cultural component has different cultivated models.It is the realistic issues how to cultivate Chinese characteristics the rule of law culture.We should explore to cultivate the contemporary China's rule of law in a specific path with the guidance of the rule of law concept of socialism.


The article deals with the views of two Ukrainian thinkers, Mykhailo Drahomanov and Olğerd-Ipolyt Bochkovsky, on the contemporary nation-building processes which took place in the Breton society. The aim is to reveal the main opinions of Drahomanov and Bochkovsky regarding the course of linguistic and cultural movements in Brittany. The authors briefly characterize the three waves of the Breton linguistic and literary movement, and dwell in detail on the analysis of two Ukrainian historiographical sources. Mykhailo Drahomanov's first article «The Neo-Celtic and Provençal Movement in France» of 1875 was a detailed political study of the first Emsav, of which Drahomanov was a contemporary. The second article, «Young Brittany and Neo-Breton activism», 1932, belongs to the Ukrainian sociologist and historian Olgerd-Ipolyt Bochkovsky and is the result of a detailed analysis of the Breton national-cultural movement of the first half of the 20th century up to the time of writing the article, comparing it with the 1st Emsav of the 19th century. Both thinkers, reflecting on the course of the Breton national and cultural revival, first of all payd attention to measures for the revival of the language and the promotion of Breton-language literature. Drahomanov leaded to the idea that national literature would be the fundamental basis for building national identity. Bochkovsky, among whose ideological inspirations was Drahomanov, also emphasized the measures taken by his Breton contemporaries to improve the language and polish, modernize and elevate literature. Being a supporter of nation-building «from the elites down», he welcomed a similar strategy of the Breton Gwalarn movement – to train educated elites to then influence the entire Breton community through them. The detailed attention of Ukrainian intellectuals to the national and cultural movements in Brittany was caused by the need to find models for the Ukrainian national movement at various stages of its development in the second half of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, and also testified to the good awareness of both thinkers regarding current social and political issues and local events in European countries.


Brittle failure is ubiquitous in amorphous materials that are sufficiently cooled below their glass transition temperature, $T_g$. This catastrophic failure mode is limiting for amorphous materials in many applications, and many fundamental questions surrounding it remain poorly understood. Two challenges that prevent a more fundamental understanding of the transition between a ductile response at temperatures near $T_g$ to brittle failure at lower temperatures are i) a lack of computationally inexpensive molecular models that capture the failure modes observed in experiments and ii) the lack of quantitative metrics that can distinguish various failure mechanisms. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to capture ductile-to-brittle transition in glass-forming short-chain polymer systems by using a modified Lennard-Jones potential to describe non-bonded interactions between the monomers. We characterized the effects of this new potential on macroscopic mechanical properties as well as microscopic structural and dynamical differences during deformation. Lastly, we present quantitative metrics that distinguish between different failure modes.


Objective:FX_C Synthesizer was improved to gain higher ~(11)C-CA yield.Methods:Yield experiment was done after line transformation and experimental data was analyzed.Results:Improved FX_C synthesizer fully meet the requirements of the ~(11)C-CA synthesis.The production proceeded smoothly,QC passed.Conclusion:Impurities such as CO_2 and moisture have great impaction on the yield,the reaction solvent drying and storage in inert gas makes higher yied.


A novel fabrication technique for making plastic electronics has been developed by applying an ultrasonic welding method that is already widely used in cutting, molding, and joining plastic sheets and parts for many industrial products. One major use of ultrasonic welding is the assembly of blood transfusion bags and other medical supplies, because the inert plastic parts can be joined and sealed without any adhesive agent and within a very short processing time. In this study, the same method is applied to make plastic electronics. The successful fabrication of organic TFTs is shown without affecting the gate insulator layer and the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). We therefore demonstrate that ultrasonic welding can also be used to fabricate plastic electronics. Using this process, for example, one could add electronic functionality not only on the surface of a blood transfusion bag, but also in or through the welding margin at the fringe of the bag.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider organisational sustainability in the small- to medium-sized enterprises (SME) context focussing on a resource-based view. The paper overlays two contrasting perspectives: those of the SME and human resource (HR) perspectives to allow for the development of a composite model of organisational sustainability for SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach – The paper overlays four models of Carson's (1985, 1990) small firm evolution and unique characteristics of SMEs; Wright et al.'s (2001) pertaining to the application of the resource-based view of the firm perspective to strategic HR and Boudreau and Ramstad (2005) model of effectiveness, efficiency and impact of talentship. The paper, in particular, considers the human resource management (HRM) perspectives pertaining to the overlay and considers how these might impact organisational sustainability.

Findings – An outcome of the paper is the development of a composite model to the SME and HR perspectives of organisational sustainability and its applicability to the SME context.

Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests a number of emergent areas for future research. Future research should focus on the intangible aspects and softer elements of the organisational resource base. The majority of work in this area is grounded in the positivist paradigm. Future research should consider a pluralists perspective and draw on traditions of the post-positivist paradigm, for example, social constructionism.

Practical implications – SME-support agencies and consultants who work with SMEs need, therefore, to work with them in assessing their competency spectra and then to help them develop the talent pools required to effect continued growth and success. In doing so SMEs need to be guided towards a better understanding of the traditional temporal cycle of recruitment; in essence, they need to ensure that they have the right competency set in situ in the early stages of the firms' development.

Originality/value – This paper is unique in its approach to the examination of sustainability within the context of SMEs and, in particular, the HRM aspects which contribute towards organisational survival, growth and sustainability.


This paper describes a novel form of low -cost dynamic wind tunnel testing that can overcome some of the limi tations of existing wind tunnel testing methods. In its simplest form, this Pendulum Support Rig apparatus offers a complementary technique for establishing mathematical models of manoeuvring aerodynamic loads. The 2 degree -of -freedom system in operation at Bristol is described and some initial test results are provided here for an approximate 1/16 th scale BAe Hawk model. The influence of taking measurements during manoeuvres driven by the control effectors themselves is highlighted. In the longer term, the actively controlled pendulum rig may provide a new paradigm to replace the current costly sequence of wind tunnel testing followed by control law development - particularly for small unmanned aircraft. Experimental results and computational modelling of the rig dynamics are also included, as well as modelling of lift and pitching moment parameters.


The objectives of this study were to investigate the acceptability of rapid HIV testing among general practitioners in Spain and to identify perceived barriers and needs in order to implement rapid testing in primary care settings.


In this paper the causes of the rise in US household debt since the early 1970s are considered, using a calibrated partial equilibrium overlapping generations model. The model explains indebtedness in terms of a consumption-income motive, associated with consumption smoothing, and a housing-finance motive. A credit constraint on borrowing by the old is also introduced to explain why they do not borrow to finance homeownership late in life. Shocks to real interest rates and income growth expectations, combined with demographic changes, are considered to explain the rise in US household debt. The calibrated model is found to be able to explain many features of US household borrowing, both in aggregate and cross-section. In particular, it predicts that the debt to income ratio would have increased substantially during the 1990s and would be expected to continue to grow in coming years. However, the model is unable to account for rising indebtedness during the 1980s when high interest rates, lower income growth and an ageing population would have tended to reduce aggregate borrowing. Alternative explanations, possibly associated with financial liberalisation, may account for borrowing growth during that period.


The article presents a survey of the staff of customer service from a company that is anational and a pioneer in the commercialization of software, located in Florianopolis (SC)using the methodology of simulation management (business games), with the goal ofidentifying as happens in the knowledge management team of customer service in abusiness management simulation software, based on the dimensions proposed by Terra(2005) and thereby improve customer service. The methodology used was the case studyexploratory, descriptive, documentary analysis and questionnaire. It was found that allseven analyzed dimensions need to be improved since it became low index with a very lowdegree of adhesion. Therefore, plans were drawn up with seven recommendations for thepoints considered critical.


The curriculum revolution of the 90s placed new emphasis on caring. Faculty modeling of caring behaviors is a key determinant in the development of caring in nursing students. The focus of this study was the need to evaluate the implementation of caring as a core value to be taught to students in nursing programs. The purpose of this project was to design, develop, and evaluate a quantitative instrument to measure nursing students' perceptions of caring and non-caring behaviors among nursing faculty. A thirty-item Likert-type questionnaire was developed using the existing research data pertaining to descriptors of caring behaviors. Internal consistency reliability was demonstrated (alpha=.90 for total instrument).


This article analyses the institutional and contextual factors that facilitate the election of political newcomers as heads of government in democratic regimes. Using data from 870 democratic elections between 1945 and 2015, it is found that political newcomers are more likely to be successful in presidential systems, in new democracies and when party systems are weakly institutionalised. The election of politically inexperienced candidates is also related to governmental performance. Political newcomers are more successful when the economic performance of the government is bad and when the government engages in high-level corruption.


The surface-brightness profiles of galaxy disks fall into three main classes, based on whether they are simple exponentials (Type I), bend down at large radii (Type II, "truncations") or bend up at large radii (Type III, "antitruncations"). Here, we discuss how the frequency of these different profiles depends on Hubble type, environment, and the presence or absence of bars; these trends may herald important new tests for disk formation models.


Objective To evaluate the combination efects of high frequency oscillatory wentilation and conventional mandatory wentilation in treatment of newborns with intensive pneumothorax.Methods A total of 49 newborns with intensive pneumothorax in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2011,which were on the closed drainage of pleural cavity.They were divided into two groups:the control group(HFOV)and the research group(HFOV+SIMV)according the mechanical ventilation mode.Then we survey their fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2)(after 2、8、12、and 24hours),arterial oxygen staturation(PaO2),arterial partial pressyre of carton dioxide(PaCO2),oxygenation index(OI),the recovery time of chest film,the use time of respirator,the hospital stays,the hospitalization expense.Result If the time of therapy was different,the difference was significant among the two groups about FIO.PaO2,PaCO2,OI,arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio(a/APO2).The treament group was better than the control group(P0.05),on the recovery time of chest film,the use time of respirator,the hospital stays,the hospitalization expense,so the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion The combination of HFOV and SIMV was superior to conventional mandatory ventilation in treatment of newborns with intensive pneumothorax


This paper refers to the extraction of multiple fundamental frequencies (multiple F0) based on PYIN, an algorithm for extracting the fundamental frequency (F0) of monophonic music, and a trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) model, where a pitch salience function of the input signal is produced to estimate the multiple F0. The implementation of these two algorithms and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this article. Analysing the different performance of these two methods, PYIN is applied to supplement the F0 extracted from the trained CNN model to combine the advantages of these two algorithms. For evaluation, four pieces played by two violins are used, and the performance of the models are evaluated accoring to the flatness of the F0 curve extracted. The result shows the combined model outperforms the original algorithms when extracting F0 from monophonic music and polyphonic music.


During summer 1988, a heavy infestation of Thrips, Anaphothrips obscurus (Mueller), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and F. tenuicomis (Uzel) occurred on maize, Zea mays L., allowing for evaluation of resistance in 10 inbred maize lines. Thrips populations peaked at the end of June, and evaluations of the damage were taken at this time. Inbred 41:2504B had the smallest thrips population, B37 had the largest population, and Mo17, C103, and B73 were intermediate. A 10-inbred-line diallel cross, based on damage caused by leaf-feeding, showed that variations due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. Variation due to GCA, however, was 14 times greater than that for SCA, indicating that additive genetic effects were more important than nonadditive effects. The inbred 41:2504B was the most resistant and best general combiner, whereas C103 was the most susceptible to thrips damage.


Patterson can be solved also for the lighter nitrogenand carbonatom positions which account for the remainder of the vectors listed in Table 188.8.131.52. However, the simplest way to complete the structure determination is probably to compute a Fourier synthesis using phases calculated from the heavier copper and chlorine positions. Consider now a real cell with M crystallographic asymmetric units, each of which contains N atoms. Let us define xmn, the position of the nth atom in the mth crystallographic unit, by


Objective:To analyze the reason of misdiagnosis of 31 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to discuss misdiagnostic influence to curative effect and tumor stage. Methods:Mutually referable reasons of delayed diagnosis was analysed for 31 patients with NPC.Results:The misdiagnostic time of 31 cases were between 2~12 months and average time was 6.1±0.5 months, the tumors stage Ⅲ、Ⅳ was 80.6% and stage Ⅱ was 19.4%. The misdiagnostic time compares the early stage and advanced stage of the tumor to be a direct ratio relationship.Conclusion:The common symptoms of NPC were very easy mistakenly diagnosed as ordinary diseases, and delayed diagnosis brought about tumor advanced stage and severely influenced curative effect. The reason of misdiagnosis included self-sensation of patients,physicians with poor tumor knowledge or without vigilance of tumor. Physicians. must advance the knowlage and vigilance of tumor to decrease misdiagnosis for


Abstract Captain Linnaeus Tripe's career reached its climax during his term as Photographer to the Government of Madras between 1857 and 1860.


© ICMERE2017 1.INTRODUCTION Nano fluid is envisioned to describe a fluid in which nanometer-sized particles are suspended in conventional heat transfer basic fluids. Conventional heat transfer fluids, including oil, water, and ethylene glycol mixture are poor heat transfer fluids, since the thermal conductivity of these fluids play important role on the heat transfer coefficient between the heat transfer medium and the heat transfer surface. Therefore numerous methods have been taken to improve the thermal conductivity of these fluids by suspending Nano/micro or larger-sized particle materials in liquids. Since the solid nanoparticles with typical length scales of 1–100 nm with high thermal conductivity are suspended in the base fluid (low thermal conductivity), have been shown to enhance effective thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid. The thermal conductivity of the particle materials, metallic or nonmetallic such as Al2O3 CuO, Cu, SiO, TiO2, are typically order-of-magnitude higher than the base fluids even at low concentrations, result in significant increases in the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore the effective thermal conductivity of Nano fluids is expected the enhanced heat transfer compared with conventional heat transfer liquids. Since the high thermal conductivity nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid which has a low thermal conductivity, remarkably increase thermal conductivity of Nano fluids. Researchers developed many models to tell how much that increase would be and many experiments have been conducted to compare experimental data with those analytical models. This still needs further research to develop a sophisticated theory to predict thermal conductivity of Nano fluids. But there exists some empirical correlations to calculate effective thermal conductivity of two-phase mixture. In the literature, the thermal conductivity enhancement ratio been defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity of the Nano fluid to the thermal conductivity of the base fluid (Keff/K1). Researches developed their thermal conductivity models based on the classical research of Maxwell who researched conduction through heteronomous media [1]. The effective thermal conductivity for a two-phase mixture consisting of a continuous and discontinuous phase has been conducted by Maxwell and the effective thermal conductivity Keff is given by Keff Maxwell = 2K2+K1+ø(K2−K1) 2K2+K1−2ø(K2−K1) K1 (1) Where K1 and K2 are thermal conductivity of the liquid and the particle respectively and ø is the particle volume fraction. Maxwell derived his model based on the assumption that the discontinuous phase is spherical in Abstract-: This project presents a study of increasing the thermal conductivity, convection heat transfer enhancement and effectiveness of floating head heat exchanger (FHHE) with Nano fluids (Al2O3). Nano fluid can be defined as a colloidal suspension of solid particles in a base fluid, where the particles have a characteristic length of less than 100 nm. Normally the characteristic length ranges from 1 to 100 nm. First studies have been directed towards the determination of the properties of nanofluids, especially their thermal conductivity, specific heat, volume concentration and viscosity. Experiments have been conducted with nanofluid (Al2O3) at various concentrations and temperature ranges, for the estimation of the heat transfer coefficient, specific heat and friction factor for water-based nanofluid. All the studies confirmed enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient with an increase in concentration. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical results of nanofluid (Al2O3 and TiO2) at the same condition. Effectiveness of floating head heat exchanger with nanofluid (Al2O3) has been compared with effectiveness of floating head heat exchanger with normal water. It is observed that the concentration of the Nano fluid, the operating temperature, the particle size and shape, together with the material of the nanoparticle dispersed in the base liquid, have significant influence on the heat transfer coefficient. The experiment indicates a nominal increase in pressure drop with increase of concentration of nanoparticles (Al2O3).


even playing field for businesses making decisions about where to locate their new facilities. I worked with other Representatives and Senators to provide federal tax support for cleaning up and re-using brownfield sites. In 1997, we succeeded in adding a provision to the federal tax code which allowed taxpayers to expense the costs of environmental remediation of brownfield sites in certain economically distressed areas. Last year, I worked successfully with Congressman WELLER and several colleagues to extend the provision, which was scheduled to sunset at the end of 2000, and to apply it to brownfield sites anywhere in the country. I believe that one additional change should be made to the brownfields tax provision. I think that Congress should make the brownfields provision a permanent part of the federal tax code. Consequently, I have introduced legislation today to make the brownfields expensing provision permanent. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting this legislation.


A preparation based on plant extracts, with an antioxidant action which is particularly useful in the treatment of circulation and chronic degenerative problems and in the treatment of hypertension, characterized in that its active ingredients comprise Ginkgo biloba biflavones, catechin and/or epicatechin, cumarin and derivatives thereof and a component Selected from among madecassic acid, asiatic acid, asiaticoside or combinations thereof.


The paper presents a new type of cross-section for truss elements in an offshore construction's sub structure framework. By combining modern materials, such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and carbon fibre reinforced polymers in a hollow section, significant weight savings compared to conventional steel structures can be achieved. An extensive experimental programme has been carried out in order to describe the construction's load-bearing behaviour. The article presents an overview of the development process of the design, the methodological implementation of the experimental investigations and the results.


Abstract Organobismuth compounds are organometallic reagents that contain a C–Bi bond. These species, which are easily accessed from inexpensive and low-toxicity inorganic bismuth salts, are highly attractive in synthesis due to their unique properties and reactivity. A wide diversity of geometries have been found for organobismuth compounds, depending on the oxidation state of the bismuth, its charge, and the number of coordinated elements. Compounds where the bismuth bears a –1 charge (organobismuthate), a +1 (bismuthonium cation) and a +2 charge (bismuthonium dication) have been reported. Due to the presence of a lone pair, trivalent organobismuthines can act as Lewis bases in transition-metal complexes. In addition, organobismuth compounds can act as Lewis acids by forming hypervalent interactions with ligands and metals. Organobismuth compounds have been used as catalysts and reagents in a plethora of reactions. In this review, the synthesis and properties of organobismuth reagents and their use in organic reactions are reviewed. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Trivalent Organobismuthines 3 Synthesis of Pentavalent Organobismuth Compounds 4 Structure, Hypervalency and Chirality 5 C-, N-, O- and S-Arylation Reactions 6 Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions 7 Other Reactions Involving Organobismuth Reagents 8 Conclusion


Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) is efficiently hydrolyzed at pH 7, 50 degrees C by use of [Co-(trien) (H2O)2]3+ and [Co(tme)2-(H2O)2]3+ complexes as catalysts: trien (diethylenetriamine) and tme (1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylenediamine). The acceleration is remarkable (10(8) to 10(9) fold), decreasing half-life of cAMP from 660,000 years to 7-15 hours.


One of the sharpest differences in the employment histories of better-educated versus less well-educated persons lies in the pace of advancement after gaining the first job. Lack of advancement may stem from the inability to learn from on-the-job training an incapacity based on lack of essential learning skills. The report notes that over the past five years, educators and state policy makers across the country have raised graduation requirements in basic academic subject areas for all students. For too long, too little has been expected of too many secondary students. The report questions the effectiveness of secondary vocational education:


A specialist on Russian foreign policy analyzes Putin's international strategy. The author draws on the writings of Russia's foreign policy decisionmakers, as well as on the commentary of Russian and Western analysts, to identify Putin's vision and compare it with that of recent leaders. Three elements of Putin's policies are examined: state concentration, cooperation with the West, and Russia's projection of influence in the former Soviet region. The question of Western responses to Putin's strategy is also addressed.


The components of Chinese liquor are influenced by geographical origins and raw materials. Currently, Chinese liquor identification systems are limited and have a single application that can distinguish only one nature of flavor type and production area. Four chemical reagents were successfully used to build this 3 × 1 simple colorimetric sensor array. This is the first time that a highly accurate colorimetric Chinese liquor sensor array was fabricated using only a few array points. It could distinguish four types of Chinese base liquors from Luzhou Laojiao, nine types of Chinese liquors with different flavor types, and seven types of Chinese liquors from different geographical origins. In order to ensure the accuracy, seven parallel samples were analyzed with water used as a control. PCA proved this sensor array to be effective. In LDA and HCA, every group was clearly classified. The "leave-one-out" cross-validation method was applied with 100% prediction ability in the three experiments. According to the results of the PCA, HCA, LDA, and the "leave-one-out" method, we can deduce that this colorimetric sensor array with multiple applications has great performance in discriminating Chinese liquors.


The article is dedicated to the analysis of the semantic space of juridical verbs with the subject «Investigator» in English. The theoretical part of the research combines some aspects of «verb-centric» conception and «quantitative linguistics». The notion of a «juridical verb» correlates with a juridical social sphere. The diagnostic semantic features which constitute the structural elements of the semantic space are substantiated. The semantic features are organized into
semantic plans. The features of three semantic plans, being «categorical», are correlated with the situational subject «Investigator». These features are: «processual law» («adject-legal» plan), «purpose-oriented» law («adject-functional» plan) and «indefinite» situation («teleological» plan). The «hierarchical» semantic plan is identified as «subcategorical», the features of which differentiate the more concrete subjects within the juridical situation «preliminary investigation» with the situational subject «investigator». These subjects are: «Prosecutor» (the
feature «dominant» subject), «Detective» (the feature «subordinate» subject) and «Detective's Assistant» («subordinate dominant» subject). The features of «criterial» plans are used as additional semantic markers within the semantic space:
the «temporal» plan (the features: «retrospective» and «prospective» situations), the «adject-substantive» plan (the features: «material» and «person» adject), the «interactive» plan (the features: «convergent», «divergent»).
By means of cluster analysis the semantic features were grouped into three clusters: «Detective», «Detective's Assistant» and «Prosecutor». Within each cluster the «nuclear» features (constituting the structure of a 'typal' meaning) and «periph-
eral» features are revealed. The clusters are described and compared on the basis of several cluster criteria: «plan variability of a cluster», «feature variability of a cluster», «nuclear variability of a cluster», «cluster variability of a plan».


Terahertz Technology: This frequency range has had a variety of names since the 1960s, and researchers continue to be interested in exploiting this spectral region.


The following document seeks to address the study of the efficient use of economic and social resources in the income dimension of human development in the presence of bad outputs in the 113 municipalities of Michoacan during the period 1990-2010. Human development in Michoacan is characterized by low income performance dimension, i.e., the dynamics of the state and municipal HDI is affected by low levels of per capita income and high poverty levels. Thus, the establishment of mechanisms that increase the amount of income and combat poverty will allow the Michoacan society aspire to higher levels of human development. To establish how effective the municipalities of Michoacan were we used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), considering the presence of a badoput in the model, and for its evolution over time Malmquist-Luenberger index was calculated. The analysis of results reveals that only fifteen of the 113 units studied were efficient in the generation of income, and at the same time in the reduction of poverty, while the rest will have to increase their income levels and reduce poverty with the social and economic resources that they possess.


FOR SOME TIME, I have taught communication and relational skills to medical students and physicians-in-training in an internal medicine residency program in the United States. What became apparent to me early on was that the humanistic, relationship-centred attitudes and behaviours being fostered in the classroom were not always finding their way into the clinic or onto the hospital floors. Sadly enough, this observation is supported by studies on patient–physician communication.1,2 In discussing this phenomenon with my students and colleagues, a common response emerged. They believe the relational behaviours taught in the classroom are not wholly credible in the "real world" of medical practice. Empathic attitudes and behaviours make little sense in terms of survival in residency training or success in practice. It seems as if these compassionate behaviours are being extinguished by a lack of incentive or reward in the system. Valued and rewarded instead are academic acumen, technical knowledge and skill, business savvy, and financial success. To better understand this situation, I began to study the "real world" of medicine more intently. Based on this examination, it is my impression that the fundamental problem in the current healthcare system is a lack of meaning. For the purpose of this article, "meaning" will be defined as the underlying beliefs, guiding principles, and defining philosophies that make up the professional ethic of medicine. What follows are my observations and thoughts, as well as a brief outline of my recommendations. Over the past century, there has been an insidious decline in attention to the philosophy of medicine. We have become less interested in or aware of the age-old values and ethical traditions of our healing profession. This claim is supported by the many studies demonstrating that medical training and professional socialisation, rather than developing and fostering humanistic attitudes and behaviours, actually erode them.3,4 As a result, the core meanings of medicine have been subsumed by the current, dominating societal paradigms of business,5 consumerism,6 the information age,7 technology,8 and the legal system. Clearly, these paradigms are integral and necessary to world culture and modern healthcare, but problems arise when they control the healthcare system, directing the way we care for patients and relate to clinicians. Patient-care surveys reveal a steady decline in public satisfaction with medical care. Research studies repeatedly demonstrate a lack of communication, empathy, and trust in the doctor–patient relationship.9 Although a significant percentage of patients are satisfied with their individual physicians, they and their families are largely displeased with the overall healthcare experience.10 Escalating discontent and distrust are evidenced weekly in newspaper articles and bestselling books.11,12 This widespread public discontent with mainstream medical care is further evidenced by the large and growing movement to seek alternative avenues of medical treatment by turning, literally, to "alternative" practitioners.13 Dangling on the other end of the stethoscope, physicians and other clinicians increasingly find themselves frustrated and demoralised by a work environment devoid of respect and compassion for its employees.14 Morale within the healthcare work environment is at an all-time low.15 Physicians, emotionally exhausted and burned-out, are claiming disabilities and leaving the practice of medicine in unprecedented numbers.16 Loss of autonomy in medical decisionmaking, burdensome and time-consuming administrative hurdles, fear of malpractice litigation, and financial disincentives threaten physicians' livelihood and their sense of responsibility and professionalism.17 Clinicians, entering the profession with an expectation of providing humanistic medical care, quickly become disappointed and disillusioned.18 The present healthcare system, embedded in the principles of the marketplace, has become a caustic and dehumanising environment for patient and physician alike. Physicians are reduced to interchangeable "providers" and patients to generic "consumers". Clinicians, now treated like factoryline workers, are forced to process patients as if they were items on a conveyor belt. And so we find ourselves entangled in the paradox of modern healthcare19 — despite astounding scientific achievements and dazzling technological sophistication over the past few decades, societal satisfaction with the healthcare system is declining.20 The question we return to is why. One of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century is that in developing the means we have forgotten the "meaning".21 Our society has forgotten that the practice of medicine is primarily a humanistic endeavour, not a scientific one.22 We have forgotten that medicine is a healing profession, not a technological one, and that the contribution of a doctor adds up to more than the sum of his or her knowledge and skill. We have forgotten that the patient, as a person, is far more important than the illness; that the illness is far more than the presence of a disease; and that when the cure of Reclaiming the lost meanings of medicine


Lymphocytes were separated from the peripheral blood of three groups of subjects (normal controls, untreated thyrotoxicosis and confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis) by two separation methods: dextran sedimentation and Ficoll–Triosil gradient centrifugation. It has been shown that there is a selective loss of T lymphocytes (as measured by sheep red cell rosettes) with relative enrichment of B lymphocytes (as measured by surface immunoglobulins) in the Ficoll–Triosil-separated suspensions. This distortion of the T/B ratio was seen to a similar extent in each of the three groups of subjects. Furthermore, the mean percentage T and B lymphocytes of both patient groups were not significantly different from those of the controls when separated by the same method. Optimal E-rosette formation occurred after prolonged incubation at 4°C and in the absence of serum. Direct counts using Toluidine Blue were superior to indirect counts with unstained rosette suspensions.


Tones are used phonemically in many languages such as Mandarin, Thai, and Norwegian. Previous research [Wang et al. (2004)] revealed left hemispheric preference for Mandarin listeners in the processing of native tones, but no preference for either Norwegian or English listeners, even though the latter two differed in familiarity with tones. The current study examined hemispheric processing of Mandarin tones by 20 native listeners each of Mandarin, Thai, and English. The Thai listeners had experience only with Thai tones, while the English listeners had no tone experience. In a two‐response dichotic listening paradigm, listeners reported the tone they heard in each ear. The pooled results across tones indicated left hemispheric preference for the Mandarin listeners, no hemispheric preference for the Thai listeners, and right hemispheric preference for the English listeners. The findings suggest that native tone experience may increase left hemisphere involvement in the processing of tones in another tone l...


"Theognis appears as a finely formed nobleman who has fallen on bad times, with the passion of a nobleman such as his time loved, full of fatal hatred toward the upward striving masses, tossed about by a sad fate that wore him down and made him milder in many respects. He is a characteristic image of that old, ingenious somewhat spoiled and no longer firmly rooted blood nobility, placed at the boundary of an old and a new era, a distorted Janushead, since what is past seems so beautiful and enviable, that which is coming seems disgusting and repulsive; a typical head for all those noble figures who represent the aristocracy prior to a popular revolution and who struggle for the existence of the class of nobles as for their individual existence."


n=1 1 n2 converges but the partial sums sN = 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + · · ·+ 1/N2 take a long time to settle down, as the table below illustrates, where sN is truncated to 8 digits after the decimal point. The 1000th partial sum s1000 winds up matching the full series (1.1) only in 1.64. N 10 20 25 50 10


The landscape of consumer products is rapidly changing as novel chemicals and materials are designed and incorporated to enhance performance. Science and tools are needed to evaluate exposure and s...


Individual investors are extremely vulnerable to the sequence of market returns experienced over their investing lifetimes. Individuals who behave exactly the same over their careers, saving the same percentage of the same salary for the same number of years, can otherwise experience very different outcomes based solely upon the specific sequence of investment returns which accompanies their career and retirement. The vulnerability reaches its peak at the retirement date, as this is the point in which a return to employment becomes increasingly difficult and a post-retirement market drop can be devastating. Actual wealth accumulations and sustainable withdrawal rates will vary substantially for different retirees, as these outcomes depend disproportionately on the shorter sequence of returns just before and after the retirement date.


Objective To study the significance of serum iron,transferrin receptor in the diagnostic of iron deficient anemia(IDA).Methods Immunity nephelomethy method and colorametric method were being need to detect the targets of iron and transferrin receptor in two different groups,groups,which were normal controls group and IDA group.Results The level of sTfR (6.98±2.09) in IDA group was significantly higher than that of in controls group(1.54±0.27).The level of SI in IDA group is 41.98±2.87,which is significantly lower than that of controls group(104.6±18.9).Conclusion sTfR is a new sensitive target in the diagnosis of IDA.


This article introduces how to use RDO to access database, including how to create connect of SQL Server database, browse records of SQL Server database, and add records deleted records and update records in SQL Server database.


In a coordinated action of several specialised laboratories a number of different experimental and calculation methods were employed in order to evaluate the sintering temperature of ash from lignites and lignite blends on identical samples. Some of the tested methods have not been employed so far for this purpose and are not yet optimised for measurement on ash samples. Applicability of the methods for routine tests looks partially promising due to high sensitivity and realistic test conditions. In part, however, a trouble-free application is currently limited by high efforts in sample preparation and/or propensity to error. In some cases consistent results were obtained which correspond fairly well with experience from boiler operation. Apparently, the Na-content of the ash is the controlling factor for the onset temperature of sintering. For all tested procedures, however, further experience must be gained and the range of reliability must be explored more precisely.


The statistical technology for the analysis of risk has in general advanced considerably in the last decade, largely in response to the growing realisation of the economic vulnerability of society to uncertainty. The science of risk management may be defined as the identification of hazards and the potential damage they cause, through to mitigation and protection. By Dr Peter Adamson FRSS.


Abstract
Objective: The subacute toxicity of ethanol root extract of Mucuna pruriens was evaluated in albino Wistar rats. Methods: The study was conducted by intraperitoneal administration of the extract at daily doses of 125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight to groups of five (5) rats each, for a period of 28 days. Rats in the control group received only 0.5ml of normal saline. Results: Mortality and significant (p 0.05) changes were recorded in the serum electrolyte concentrations and hematological parameters of all the treated groups. Histological examination of the kidney, liver and heart revealed tissue damage and infiltrations on the groups treated with 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight of Mucuna pruriens root extract. Conclusions: It could therefore be concluded that the intake of high doses of this extract can cause organ and system damage


The trade policy review mechanism is a very important part of WTO.It is significant to China.China will face different kinds of challenges,especially the legislation of tariff、the protection of service、the function of the government and so on when takes part in the review.The author points out some advice on how to deal with those challenges after deep analysis.


The precision and accuracy of HPLC and FPIA for the measurement of flecainide plasma levels were compared below, in and above the therapeutic range (200-1,000 ng/ml). Following a calibration crossover study, five standard plasma solutions of varying flecainide concentrations (SPS) and 99 flecainide containing plasma samples of 24 in-patients (IPS) were analyzed with both methods. The results show that within the range of approximately 500-1,500 ng/ml, the two methods did not differ in either precision (expressed as coefficient of variation, CV) or accuracy (expressed as relative error, RE). Close to the lower limit and below the therapeutic range however, HPLC provided greater precision and accuracy than FPIA.


The Roadside Identification Feasibility Study was undertaken to identify methods of unique identification of commercial vehicles at the roadside for slow and high-speed electronic screening purposes. It was designed to be a comprehensive look at the technologies, focused on the needs of the Federal Highway Administrations Office of Motor Carrier and Highway Safety (FHWA/OMCHS) and the States


Ultra-violet (UV) radiation is the most biologically active part of solar radiation and makes an essential impact on a human body. UV radiation in moderate doses is necessary for the person. It gives tempering and medical effect, raises protective forces of an organism, the general tone, which defines the use of UV irradiation in the cure-andprophylactic purposes. Abundance or lack of UV irradiation makes a negative impact on health of the person, promotes occurrence of various diseases. The changes of UV radiation in areas А+В (lengths of waves of 315-400 nm) and B (lengths of waves of 280-315 nm) are studied. In the research the condition of UV radiation in the northwestern part of Altai region is described and the possibility of carrying out solar therapy in this area is estimated. This territory is a popular vacation spot and is perspective for further development of recreational activity. The period with ultra-violet deficiency (about 25 months) at latitude 53° n. l. does not exert essential influence on a human organism. The period with possible biologically active solar radiation when beams possess biological activity lasts 8.3 months. The real period with biologically active solar radiation, which is defined by the number of clear days, is about one and a half times less than possible. By the results of the research of variability of the daily sums and intensity of direct, diffuse and total UV radiation in the clear sky conditions it is established that its presence is basically caused by the geographical latitude and depends on the sun height: the higher is the sun, the richer are its rays in UV radiation. Cloudiness closing the disk of the sun reduces UV radiation. By the presence of UV radiation the territory belongs to the zone of UV comfort with traces of ultra-violet deficiency in the middle of winter. The analysis of average monthly values of intensity of UV radiation in area B has shown that the period of possible solar therapy is 6 months from April till September. The intensity of UV radiation at midday during this period make up 80 w/m2 and more. The duration of the period of optimum sun therapy (values of UV radiation intensity at midday reach 160-240 w/m2) is 4 months from May till August. During this period, by temperature conditions, it is real sun therapy in the open air. The results of the research allow making scientifically wellgrounded recommendations about the duration of solar and sky baths in the northwestern part of Altai region. Research has shown that solar resources allow receiving solar therapy in this area and create favourable conditions for expansion of health resort and recreational base existing in Altai region.


In this paper, we explore a novel and straightforward solution for manipulating the middle weights of Conic Splines. Proposed method is based on novel types of weight points which are introduced here for the first time. Using these weight points, each Conic Spline is divided into two lines and a curve. Then, weight points are placed on the junction points of the lines and curve. After setting the weight points, a practical approach is used for calculating the middle weight from weight points. Setting such weight points is very simple, because weight points are located on the Conic Splines and accurate position of them can easily be recognized by users.


Fatigue failure is one of major problems of the structural components under cyclic loading; however the fatigue test is a time‐consuming and high‐cost process. Therefore, it is better to establish the relationship between the fatigue property and static mechanical properties of materials. The present studies mainly focus on the relationship between fatigue strength and tensile strength of 316L austenitic stainless steel prepared with four different technologies. The rolling results in severe plastic deformation; dislocation multiplication occurs inside the grains, and the elongated grains are parallel to the rolling direction. With the tensile strength increasing, the optimum fatigue strength reaches at an appropriate tensile strength. The fatigue strength is controlled by the tensile strength and the ability of work hardening, and based on this analysis a new method is established to estimate the fatigue strength. The competitive mechanism between fatigue crack initiation and propagation is also proposed to account for the different shapes of S‐N curves.


According to canine distemper virus (CDV) fusion (F) protein gene sequence published in GenBank, one pair of oligonucleotide primers were synthezised.The size of 337 bp fragment was amplified and CDV F gene RT-PCR detection method. was esfablished The results of a series of tests showed that the method had very high specificity and sensitivity, and could be used as a method of rapid clinical diagnosis for canine distemper.


This paper,by selecting 30 high frequency Keywords,gives a co-word analysis of the PhD dissertation themes selection on tourism science between 1989 and 2009 years in China by the use of SPSS software.The hot points of study on PhD dissertation themes selection,the structure of study on tourism science and the crucial topic are also explored with the help of the factor analysis method,the hierarchical clustering method and the strategic diagram.


Pituitary duplication is a rare anomaly with about 40 cases reported to date. The duplication of the pituitary stalk with a single gland is an exceptionally rare manifestation with only a few case reports in the current literature. Although incidentally discovered cases of pituitary duplication have been reported, patients with this disorder usually present with endocrine disturbance(s) regarding the adenohypophyseal axis and/or with accompanying pathologies such as median cleft face syndrome, craniocervical bony abnormalities, tuberomammillary/ pituitary mass(es) or various ocular and vascular disorders. Cross-sectional imaging modalities play a key role in the comprehensive evaluation of these patients. Here, we present a 12-year-old boy who presented with growth retardation and showed pituitary stalk duplication without a duplicated gland or associated findings.


The operation of web systems needs data processing and transmission technologies.The specific web application that is based on distributed database,and whose business data is stored in multiple scattered site,often requires data transmission between different databases.And its transmission control logic is integrated in business context,which makes users don't know anything about data transmission.The classification and characteristics of web application's data transmission are summarized firstly,and two technologies of "direct exchange in databases" and "program store-and-forward" are analyzed.Then a new data transmission solution is put forward that uses program control based on stored procedure,and the architecture of the web system is designed.Then the solution is used in the Petroleum Quota Management Web System covering multiple oil field,and it is proved can tansmit data correctly under the control of program,and is faster than program store-and-forward method.


3 species viz. Dirinaria confusa D.D. Awasthi, Heterodermia pandurata (Kurok.) J.C. Wei and Heterodermia squamulosa (Degel.) W.L. Culb. Area reported for the first time from India.


Methyl eugenol (4-allyl-1-2-dimethoxybenzene-carboxylate) is a commonly occurring plant phenylpropanoid which is a highly attractive lure to the male oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Twelve plastic bucket traps were hung in a row of Norfolk pine trees. Each trap contained either 4 ml of methyl eugenol on a cotton dental wick, 2 g methyl eugenol plastic matrix (hereafter called a "plug"), or an un- treated dental wick (as a control). After 5 months and 12 days the control wick was charged with 2 ml of liquid methyl eugenol and was subsequently recharged every two weeks. Results showed that the 4ml treated wick and the 2 gram plastic methyl eu- genol plug had no significant difference in catch per trap per day for the first 2 months. Although the plug actually averaged higher catch the difference was not significant by analysis of variance with or without repeated measures. Using the repeated measures analysis, date was the most significant factor, although there was no interaction be- tween the effects of lure and date. In the subsequent 2 months, the plastic lures contin- ued to catch at a declining rate (mean 36.7 ± 15.0% of the 4 ml lure on a cotton wick). The data suggest that the plastic lure could be used for 2 months where temperatures are not extreme. In exclusion programs maximum rate of catch is a requirement, but that is not necessary for population suppression. For the latter purpose, the 2 ml me- thyl eugenol plug could be used longer than two months, or the matrix could be ad- justed to hold a larger volume of lure. A plug containing 5 g of methyl eugenol was able to catch flies efficiently for one year. Fly capture was more efficient in one-way entrance traps than in traps containing toxicant.


During the pandemic, the need for smartphones increased due to the soaring demand for everything digital from business activities to learning activities, but on the other hand, smartphone sales declined due to this pandemic. Based on this, smartphone businesses must pay attention to the purchasing power of consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of purchasing power on smartphone purchasing decisions at Agung Cellular Ciawi during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The results show that purchasing power has a significant effect on smartphone purchasing decisions at Agung Cellular Ciawi, which is 21%, and the remaining 79% is influenced by other variables apart from the purchasing power. Based on the results of the study, it is known that apart from indicators of income, price and taste, indicators of consumer optimism are found as a driving force for consumers to buy products. The conclusion from the research is that consumers decide to make a purchase by paying attention to indicators of income, price, taste and optimism.
Keywords: Purchasing Power, Purchase Decision, Consumer


Objective: Identify the primary cause of the hospital admission and readmission of premature infants and evaluate the costs of the readmission between the years 2000 and 2011 in the Comunidade Foral de Navarra hospital in Pamplona, Spain. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study involving analysis of 297 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal Intensive Care Unit and were subsequently readmitted at another division of the aforementioned hospital, at least once, during the sixty days after discharge. Results: The majority of the cases studied (91.25%) were re-hospitalized only once, with an average stay of 4.61 days. Bronchiolitis and asthma were the most common cause for patient readmission. Conclusion: The author highlights the importance of parental presence during the child's hospitalization, as they can provide detailed information on the normal characteristics of their child and the potential health issues associated with prematurity. If the child presents any symptoms, the parents will know to seek medical help in the early stages, reducing the risk of complications and future hospitalizations.


In the early nineties, immediately after the political and economic systemic changes, the demand in Hungary's most important export markets (the Former Soviet Union and other Central and Eastern European countries) collapsed due to the unfolding transformational recession.1 The need for the rapid reorientation of trade was now a pivotal objective and the logical choice was the geographically close markets of the Western European countries. In order to facilitate external trade with this region and to get additional development incentive, the unquestionable priority of the country was now to join the European Union, a large single market, as soon as possible. Other regions in the external economic strategy became unimportant. Along this objective, attractive investment opportunities had surfaced for large firms to take over the domestic markets (in every Central and Eastern European – CEE – country) from insolvent local firms through privatization from the early 90s. In addition, export-oriented greenfield investments (Foreign Direct Investments – FDI), attracted by cheap labour and other cost related incentives, also started to increase. FDI was promoted by economic policies in the region, especially in Hungary, due to the scarcity of domestic investment financing. The sudden rush of western business into the region had resulted in several positive structural changes (and a number of negative consequences),2 and created the basis for an export-led development pattern. This was the case in each of the CEE countries, leading to strong competition for FDI, not least because of the expectation of associated economic benefits in terms of export performance, economic structural change, employment, growth and competitiveness. As a result, for


This article presents the technique for botnet detection using the distributed systems in the local area network. Distributed system contains host and network levels. At the host level, the botnets detection is based on Bayes classification. In order to perform the classification, the classes and subclasses were constructed on the basis of botnets patterns. An algorithm for classifier training was developed. The network level provides the exchange of the classification results for the knowledge transfer to the rest of the antivirus program units of the distributed system.


I read with great interest the article by Canadyova et al.[1]. They showed that a delay in re-exploration >12 h was associated with a worse clinical outcome and that the high mortality observed after resternotomy (37.5%) could be associated with a more severe preoperative status of the patients, with higher rates of comorbidities, higher proportions of patients with more complex procedures and reoperations with longer cardiopulmonary bypass times. Other risk factors associated with a higher in-hospital mortality after re-exploration for bleeding and tamponade include delayed resternotomy, higher levels of lactate and lower levels of haematocrit before revision and other well-known risk factors such as older age, more complex cardiac procedures, redo operations, longer cardiopulmonary bypass, renal failure and diabetes mellitus. Patients who needed re-exploration were at a higher risk of complications, and morbidity and mortality, if the time until re-exploration was prolonged.

It is important to state that there are other factors that contribute to increased mortality in delayed re-exploration. In the study by Mataraci and co-workers, they observed that delayed re-exploration was associated with a higher infection rate, which was responsible for high mortality [2]. Delayed re-exploration was followed by the need for excessive use of allogeneic blood products as a result of the continuous blood loss, and in most cases with a resultant increase in morbidity and mortality as shown by Ranucci et al. [3]. The significance of a negative re-exploration for excessive postoperative haemorrhage after cardiac operation is not only advantageous in excluding surgical bleeding, a cause that can be readily controlled by ligation and suturing or application of clips. Also, various haematologic abnormalities that cause continued bleeding or oozing could co-exist with the pooled blood or clot, which can be removed during re-exploration. Thus even in situations of negative intraoperative findings, Pelletier and colleagues showed that the removal of clots and consequent reduction in fibrinolytic activity in the mediastinum was therapeutic on its own [4]. Evacuation of the clots, which are rich culture media for proliferation of bacteria, is known to help reduce infection rates. They also stated that the suspicion of the cardiac tamponade was confirmed by echocardiographic examination. It is noteworthy that an overdependence on this investigative parameter, which is widely considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of tamponade, may not really be so useful as the haemodynamically significant pericardial collections occurring early after cardiac surgery rarely cause the classical clinical or echocardiographic findings of tamponade. The recognition of this fact is necessary to ensure that appropriate surgical intervention was not delayed as observed by Price et al. [5].

Thus from the moment such clinical suspicions are harboured, an earlier intervention instead of waiting for the 'classical signs' is advised as a delay may be followed by dire consequences.


By applying of forest watershed hydrological model(FCHM),this paper simulated the forest hydrological effects in Pingtong and Liujia watersheds of the upper reaches of Yangtze River.With the increase of forest cover(FR),the canopy interception and soil infiltration capacity were improved;as a result,the surface runoff(Rs) decreased and rapid flow converted into slow flow,and the time period needed for runoff accumulation delayed,so that the flood peak was alleviated.For example,with forest cover,the flooding control criteria for Pingtong watershed decreases to 3380m3 /s from 4520m3 /s(without forest cover).indicating the existence of forest can enhance the flooding control capacity of the watershed.The different characteristics of the two watersheds,the major runoff components in Pingtong watershed are shallow runoff(Rs) and deep runoff(Rp),but are dominated by interflow(Ri) in Liujia watershed.All of these components increase with the increasing FR.The different runoff components brought different moisture conditions,as the result,the evapo-transpiration show different trends with the increase of FR.In Pingtong watershed,with the increase of FR,the evapo-transpiration decreased from 373.3 mm to 289.3 mm but runoff went up,resulting in a positive effect of 23.7%.In Liujia watershed,higher FR resulted in the increase of the evapo-transpiration and the decrease of runoff,resulting in a negative effect of-8.6%.


The articles shows that at present there is no clear understanding of management in a higher educational establishment branch The authors study the notions «a higher educational establishment branch», «management in a higher educational establishment branch», branch management problems. The conclusion is that it is necessary the quality of work in a branch should be improved to provide full validity of diplomas issued by them as the main drawback of educational process in a branch is insufficient demands as to the quality of knowledge. The main objective is not only to supervise but also stimulate the development of higher education in province, work for the goal of making the branches gain strength to be able to compete with the capital level.


| 12 Prof (Dr) Sanjay Srivastava is a Ph. D. in Organizational Culture from University of Delhi, an expert in Psychometric Profiling and a trainer practitioner of Transactional Analysis and NLP. He is one of the few who have been accorded with the International Honorary Research Fellowship for five years upto 2021 at Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland a rare honor, bestowed upon him by the Hon'ble Prime Minister of Finland Mr Juha Sipila on February 14, 2016. His book entitled The Timeless Wisdom from Geeta & Leadership ("Geeta ka Shashwat Gyan tatha Netratva ki Kala") was released on April 4, 2017 by Hon'ble Governor of Haryana.


Among pest insects that attack soybean crops, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) looper caterpillar deserves attention due to its key pest status in soybean crops. The spatial distribution of C. includens eggs should be investigated in order to understand the behavior of this species in the area. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of C. includens eggs in soybean crops. The experiment was conducted with SYN 9070 RR soybean variety in an experimental area of the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) of FCAV/ UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The area of 0.6 ha was divided into 60 equidistant plots of 100 m² each. For the study of the spatial distribution of P. includens eggs in the area, the following dispersion indexes were used: variance / mean ratio (I), Morisita index (Id), Green coefficient (Cx), k exponent of the negative binomial distribution for each sampling. Regarding the probabilistic models that describe the spatial distribution of a given variable, the data adjustment to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions was tested. According to values obtained for dispersion indexes, egg distribution occurred in an aggregate way, and the negative binomial distribution was the most appropriate probabilistic model to represent the distribution of C. includens eggs in the study area.


In 1940, Ulam 1 gave a wide ranging talk before the mathematics club of the University of Wisconsin in which he discussed a number of important unsolved problems. Among those was the question concerning the stability of group homomorphisms: "Let G1 be a group and let G2 be a metric group with the metric d ·, · . Given e > 0, does there exist a δ > 0 such that if a function h : G1 → G2 satisfies the inequality d h xy , h x h y < δ for all x, y ∈ G1, then there exists a homomorphism H : G1 → G2 with d h x ,H x < e for all x ∈ G1?" The case of approximately additive functions was solved by Hyers 2 under the assumption that G1 and G2 are Banach spaces. Indeed, he proved that each solution of the inequality ‖f x y − f x − f y ‖ ≤ e, for all x and y, can be approximated by an exact solution, say an additive function. Rassias 3 attempted to weaken the condition for the bound of the norm of the Cauchy difference as follows:


List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction Bodies as Knowledge Embodying Ethics The Autobiographical Body The Relational Body The Political Body Conclusions Endnotes Bibliography Index


we are beginning to realize that this is inaccurate and that many accidents could be prevented. Industrial safety programs have been highly successful in reducing hazards on the job. The same success might be achieved with a dynamic home safety program. The same attention should be given to the prevention of accidents as to communicable disease programs. The National Safety League of Canada reports that 7.2% of all deaths in 1964 were the result of accidents, an increase of 3 % over the preceding year. Traffic fatalities were the leading cause of accidental deaths. Home accidents were the second major cause of death. Falls, fires or explosions, suffocations and poisonings accounted for 87.9% of home fatalities (2). The community health worker is in a strategic position to integrate accident prevention in his contacts with families. The nurse visits many homes in order to give health supervision to a new baby, to give nursing care to an aged person, or a


Crushing experiments using a Jaw Crusher and cylindrical mortar samples were performed to analyse crushing load and sample stress. The crushing load was derivedby assuming the log motion of the crusher's movable jaw as the lever crank mechanism.The solution of Boussinesq was applied to calculate the stress of specimen by piling up the stress caused on one point loading and compared with the result of finite element method (FEM). The values by Boussinesq's solution were similar to those by FEM.In the case of load more than one point, half-splitting of a cylindrical sample just like radial compression splitting was occured. Itcorresponded to the calculation result that a sum of individual influence coefficients (I (ζ)) on the major axis of the sample was constant. The destructioncoefficient (Kp) obtained experimentaly agreed with that by Boussinesq's solution.


Neotame is a dipeptide methyl ester derivate. Its chemical structure is N-[N-(3,3dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester. It is intended for use in food as a sweetener and flavour enhancer. Neotame has a sweetness factor approximately 7000 to 13000 times greater than that of sucrose and approximately 30 to 60 times greater than that of aspartame, depending upon the food application.


Objectives: To present advantages of laryngoscopy with 30 0 rigid sinuscope Design: Case series report Setting: University Hospital (KGMU) Lucknow India. Participants: 100 patients in which indirect laryngoscopy failed to visualize full larynx. Main outcome measures: extent of visualization of individual laryngeal structures. Results: Sinuscopic laryngoscopy technique successfully visualized base tongue, valleculae and epiglottis in all the cases while full view of vocal cords could be appreciated in only 63 patients. The visualization of arytenoids and ary-epiglottic folds was possible in 89 cases while subglottis seen in just 75 patients. The addition of topical anesthetic spray further enhanced the visualization Conclusions: Laryngoscopy with 30 degree 4 mm sinuscope is extremely cost effective, risk-free and simple office procedure to replace the routine simple mirror (indirect laryngoscopy) examination of throat.


Abstract : The purpose of the study was to further the understanding of unsteady transport of coarse bedload. A particular focus was the interaction of the load with the river bed material and the effects of transport on stream hydraulics. It was anticipated that new methodology would be developed and that data sets suitable for further modelling would result. The nature of coarse gravel transport through a short reach of a mountain river was examined using novel methodology; primarily, magnetic particle detection; acoustic bedload detection, electromagnetic current meters and fine-resolution bed elevation surveys.


Six patients with AIDS and severe respiratory failure from diffuse interstitial pneumonia, have been treated in one year in ICU. The authors describe diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics and management problems, underlining the good results in the short and medium term.


The concept of aromaticity was first invented to account for the unusual stability of planar organic molecules with 4n + 2 delocalized π electrons. Recent photoelectron spectroscopy experiments on all-metal MAl4- systems with an approximate square planar Al42- unit and an alkali metal led to the suggestion that Al42- is aromatic. The square Al42- structure was recognized as the prototype of a new family of aromatic molecules. High-level ab initio calculations based on extrapolating CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVxZ (x = D, T, and Q) to the complete basis set limit were used to calculate the first electron affinities of Aln, n = 0−4. The calculated electron affinities, 0.41 eV (n = 0), 1.51 eV (n = 1), 1.89 eV (n = 3), and 2.18 eV (n = 4), are all in excellent agreement with available experimental data. On the basis of the high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations, we can estimate the resonance energy and show that it is quite large, large enough to stabilize Al42- with respect to Al4. Analysis of the calculate...


Based on the GridDean of OGSA,the paper makes a research on a Grid Video of Demand,which settles the bottleneck of VOD servers,narrow services scopes and difficulty of scaling VOD system,and so on,and implements adaptable,open,scalable VOD system by some technologies.For example:distributing programs and media services,open services architecture,league of business.


When we consider the reliability of structural member group, we sometimes face the case of not being able to treat members as samples from the same population. For this case, reliability analysis becomes a very difficult one. In order to perform the analysis, we require subjective information which can describe the structure of member group and cover the shortage of objective probability data. The present paper deals with the problem of how to utilize effectively the subjective information in the structural reliability analysis. A method of utilizing pattern perception of human is presented. Expert's intuitions perceived from the insufficient objective data as well as his knowledge and experience are expressed by the "subjective distribution patterns" and utilized as the prior probability information in the reliability analysis. First, several patterns which can be the cause of objective data are generated by the expert's judgement. Second, in order to distinguish between probable distribution patterns and misdirected patterns, probabilistic analysis using likelihood function is carried out. The improvement of estimated pattern is also performed with the aid of Monte Carlo simulation. The effectiveness of this method is numerically examined through the problem of inspection maintenance of a structural member group with unevenly scattered fatigue deterioration.


Public Administration Whitest, Beverly Joyce B.S. N.C. A&T State University Greensboro, North Carolina AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE OFFICE OF GRANT, PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT CITY OF ATLANTA Adviser: Dr. James T. Jones Master of Public Administration conferred May 1977 Thesis date: December 1976 The purpose of this study is to focus on the problem of communication within the Office of Grant, Planning, Management and Support in the Depart ment of Community and Human Development City of Atlanta. To have an adequate flow of communication in any organization, clearly defined goals and objectives must be understood by the members of that organization. This is a participant-observer study which is based upon a six month internship within the Office of Grant, Planning, Management and Support. Much of the information used in this study was obtained through informal communication with line and staff persons in the Office of Grant, Planning, Management and Support. Recommendations are given on how an adequate flow of communication could enhance and improve the operations within the Office of Grant, Planning, Management and Support as well as raise the morale of the employees in that


We present a sequential design strategy for efficient sampling of model functions during the solution of Bayesian inverse problems. The model function is assumed to be computationally expensive and therefore is described by a random field (such as a Gaussian process emulator). The sequential design strategy is a greedy one-step look ahead method, minimizing the Bayes risk with respect to a loss function measuring the quadratic $L^2$-error in the likelihood estimate. Four numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed sampling method is more efficient than space-filling, prior-based designs.


One constant challenge for the policy makers in China and the United States since the end of the Cold War has been how to find a mutually agreeable new conceptual framework for the relationship between the two giants. During the Cold War period, the nature of the relationship was more utility-oriented than anything else. Both countries did not seek convergence of their ideologies or values, but rather the convergence of their interests. That converged interest was narrowly defined in a conceptual framework of anti-Soviet expansionism. For the purpose of thwarting the perceived Soviet threat, China and the United States formed a quasi-strategic alliance against the common adversary. That kind of overarching framework, although very limited, served the function of controlling the conflict of interests and values in other secondary domains such as trade, the Taiwan issue, and human rights. Both sides were very careful not to let friction in one specific issue area "spill over" to damage the perceived predominant common strategic interest. This anti-Soviet framework clearly ran its course with the disintegration of the Soviet empire and the collapse of world communism. One consequence of the disappearance of a conceptual framework has been the long drifting of the relationship in the last 15 years or so and nobody really knows where this relationship is heading. Moreover, without such a framework, the disputes between the two countries in various functional areas lack a cushion and could get out of hand at any time. As a result, uncertainty in the relationship increases and predictability decreases, resulting in frequent vacillations in recent U.S.China relations. Needless to say, the political leaders and elite in both countries fully understand the importance of their relationship because of their respective critical mass and ever-thickening interdependence. Both sides have strived to find a new conceptual framework to stabilize the relations. This process, however, has proved not easy. While China's description and


The optical characteristics absorption and reflection coefficients of metal-dielectric mixtures, as well as of nanoshells with such mixture as a shell layer, are considered within the framework of the effective medium approximation. The evolution of plasmon characteristics and optical properties with changes of metal composition in a shell layer and its thickness is studied. The results are applied to the problem of enhancing the luminescence characteristics of semiconductor nanocrystals covered by metallic nanoshells.


The study examines the effect of profitability, laverage, collateralizable assets, size, growth, current ratio, and investment opportunity on dividend policy. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Stock Exchange by using using a go public manufacturing company as the unit of analysis. The sampling method use purposive sampling with the observasion period from 2011 to 2013. Relationship and (or) influence betmeen variable is described by using multiple regression analysis. The result showed that profitability, laverage, collateralizable assets, current ratio, and investment opportunity have positive effect and significant to dividend policy. Whereas growth and size have positif and no significant effect on dividend policy. Keywords: Dividend Policy, Profitability, Laverage, Collateralizable Assets, Size, Growth, Current Ratio and Investment Opportunity


My last paper A New Interpretation about the Sentences of shi shi(是是) in Un- earthed Literatures pointes out that the second shi(是) in the sentences of shishi(是是) in unearthed literatures is an adverb,not a verb of being.But one scholar believes that this sec- ond shi(是) is a verb of being in judging sentences and an adverb in narrative ones.I think his conclusion is unconvincing,because his discussing methods is open to question.So it is necessary to explore again the matters about the sentences of shi shi(是是).


Diseases are one of the challenges that the human race has ever faced, humans have developed new things every time to get a cure for it, but the requirements change as time changes, so through this general, we are trying to provide help to upcoming generation with the help of some advance tools.


Brain hyperexcitability is a defining feature of AD, where aberrant neuronal activity may be both a cause and consequence of the pathology. Identifying novel targets to modulate cellular excitabili...


The signal in reality is mostly non-stationary signal. In current, this type of signal analysis focus on time-frequency (or time scale) domain, which has also made a series of results. This paper presents a reversible transform method based on a bit of time series from another point. Using this method, we analyze non-stationary broadband noise signal according to the different characteristics between noise and speech signals (such as random degree). Experiment results show that this method can reverse random sequence of disorder time-domain to generally orderly time series. The distinction between broadband noise characteristics and voice characteristics is reversely clear, the method principle is simple, and the algorithm complexity is small which can be real-time processed.


I would like selectively, on the base of review the neuropsychological literature from the last decade, to present the following neuronal circuits and important, concomitant processes related, directly or indirectly, to the phenomenon of love, as: A proposition of defi nition romantic love and commons signs of behavior of beloved person in bioneuropsychological perspective. Th e impact of the genetic similarity on the processes of interpersonal attraction and falling in love; and also the role of the evolutionary strategies concerning mate selection and choice of partner for long-term or short-term interpersonal relationships as marriage and have children to transmit the their genes for next generations. In particular, the specifi c role of activity the neuronal structures, processes and concomitant functions, and also changes connected with neurohormonal system and its consequences for an individual of possibility falling in love. Th e constitutive elements of romantic love as: romantic attraction and also attachment. Th e role of the "mirror neurons systems" within the processes and states, especially such as: self-regulation, reappraisal, imitation, reading in mind, et al., of the vital importance non only for the falling in love, but also more for maintenance the love between partners of close interpersonal relationships, as marriage, for their life. In conclusion, I would like to stress the fundamental importance of the social nuropsychology for more adequate understanding non only various aspects of love within individual' diary behavior but also for her or his happiness and quality of life.


Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) was a distinguished Dutch jurist and statesman, theologically Arminian, who undertook a rebuttal of the Socinian theory of the atonement. Grotius is often thought to have sought a via media, a middle way, between the penal substitutionary theory of the reformed and the view of Socinus. Grotius himself, however, believed that he was simply defending the historical doctrine of the church and never intended that his work be taken as an attempt to bring "balance" to the issue. His principal work is entitled: Defensio Fidei Catholicae de Satisfactione Christi ('Defense of the Catholic Faith on the Satisfaction of Christ').


Magnetoresistance (MR) is defined as the relative change in the electrical resistivity of a material upon the application of a magnetic field. MR is positive for most nonmagnetic metals, and its magnitude is limited to a few percent, whereas MR can be negative in magnetic materials because the magnetic field tends to reduce the spin disorder.

MR is of considerable technological interest. IBM is using the Permalloy (composition: 80% Ni and 20% Fe) MR of about 3% in a small magnetic field at room temperature for the magnetic storage of information. More recently, larger magnetoresistance also called giant MR (GMR) was observed in thin films of magnetic superlattices (for instance, Fe, Cr) for which metallic layers of a ferromagnet and a nonmagnetic material (or an antiferromagnet) are alternately deposited on a substrate. By doing so, the MR magnitude is increased by an order of magnitude. Small ferromagnetic particles deposited on a paramagnetic thin film also provide an alternative way to obtain GMR devices. For both material classes, small magnetic field applications (a few oersteds) are sufficient to align the magnetizations ferromagnetically and thus to induce a resistivity decrease originating in decreased scattering.

In hole-doped perovskite manganites magnetoresistance values of ∼ −100% in large magnetic fields (several teslas) have been discovered. These effects are called CMR to distinguish them from GMR. CMR has motivated a large number of experimental studies of these oxides in bulk (ceramics and crystals) and in thin films and also of theoretical work to understand the origin of the phenomenon.

In this article, several representative examples of perovskite manganites are given to illustrate the richness of their phase diagrams. More particularly, the chemical key factor governing the CMR of hole-doped manganites that contain 30% Mn4 + and have the Ln0.7AE0.3MnO3 formula are reviewed. The existence of Mn3 +/Mn4 + charge ordering in the Mn lattice for half-doped manganites and also for Mn4 +}-rich compositions (electron-doped, x > 0.5) are discussed. Finally, the possibility of obtaining CMR properties in Mn4 +-rich manganites is shown.

Keywords:

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR);
Hole-doped Perovskites;
CMR effect;
Manganese oxides;
Mixed valency;
Double exchange;
Chemical factors;
Properties;
Change ordering;
Perovskite manganites


The seismic response of elasto‐plastic structures to both recorded and generated accelerograms is characterized by a large scattering of the results, even for accelerograms with similar peak ground acceleration values and frequency content. According to current code recommendations a design value of the seismic response of an elasto‐plastic structure can be computed as the mean of the responses to a certain number of spectrum‐fitting generated accelerograms. A more effective probabilistic approach is presented herein. It allows the analyst to calculate a design value of the seismic response characterized by a predefined non‐exceedance probability using a limited number of generated accelerograms. The results of the performed analyses are presented in diagrams that can be used for structural design applications. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the case of an elasto‐plastic structural system and the results are compared with those obtained applying current code recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Turnip mosaic, cauliflower mosaic and cucumber mosaic viruses (TuMV, CaMV and CMV) were isolated and identified from winter oilseed rape plants from Uzbekhistan. This is the first record on the occurrence of CaMV and of mixed infection of rape with the three aforementioned viruses from the territory of the former Soviet Union.


CD4 + T cell responses are critical for the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The present study evaluated the role of the Th17 subset in H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection induced significant expression of IL-17 and IFN- g in mouse gastric tissue. IL-23 and IL-12 were increased in the gastric tissue and in H. pylori -stimulated macrophages. Cell responses were examined by intracellular staining for IFN- g , IL-4, and IL-17. Mice infected with H. pylori developed a mixed Th17/Th1 response; Th17 responses preceded Th1 responses. Treatment of mice with an anti–IL-17 Ab but not a control Ab significantly reduced the H. pylori burden and inflammation in the stomach. H. pylori colonization and gastric inflammation were also lower in IL-17 2 / 2 mice. Furthermore, administration of recombinant adenovirus encoding mouse IL-17 increased both H. pylori load and inflammation. Further analysis showed that the Th1 cell responses to H. pylori were downregulated when IL-17 is deficient. These results together suggest that H. pylori infection induces a mixed Th17/Th1 cell response and the Th17/IL-17 pathway modulates Th1 cell responses and contributes to pathology. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 5121–5129.


Treating viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure, the problem of the slider bearing without side leakage and with film thickness varying exponentially is solved exactly for the case of adiabatic flow. An approximate solution is developed, applicable to both finite and infinite sliders. This approximate solution is found to check very closely with the exact solution for the infinite-slider case.


Transoesophageal Doppler monitoring allows non‐invasive assessment of stroke volume. We studied haemodynamic changes during acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) in anaesthetised patients with coronary artery disease. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to either ANH or a control group. During ANH, a mean (SD) blood volume of 15.3 (3.4) ml.kg−1 was withdrawn decreasing systemic oxygen delivery from 12.7 (3.3) to 9.3 (1.8) ml.kg−1.min−1 (p < 0.001). In the control group, haemodynamic data remained unchanged, whereas in the ANH group, stroke volume and central venous pressure increased significantly (mean = +21 ml [95% CI: 18–25 ml.min−1]; mean = +2.5 mmHg [95% CI: 2.2–2.8 mmHg], respectively) and heart rate decreased (mean = −6 beat.min−1[95% CI: 6–8 beat.min−1], p < 0.05). According to the Frank–Starling relationship, individual changes in stroke volume compared with central venous pressure fitted a quadratic regression model (R2 > 0.91). A reduced viscosity associated with ANH resulted in improved venous return, higher cardiac preload and increased cardiac output. In summary, this study demonstrated that ANH to a haemoglobin value of 8.6 g.dl−1 was well tolerated in patients with coronary artery disease.


This research project looks at how family and home life influence students' academics from the perspective of teachers. Participants were asked questions that aimed to capture their understandings of how family and home life influenced the academic achievements of their children. Participants were also asked to reflect back on their past experiences and describe any relationships they saw between home and school achievements. The research project used a qualitative research methodology, borrowing elements from grounded theory and case study research approaches. Four themes emerged from the data: the influence of family in students' academics, the relationships between teachers, parents, and students, the perspective of stakeholders, and meeting student and family needs and suggestions from participants. In conclusion, teachers' perspectives were found to be important in understanding the potential impact that families can have on students' academics. Implications suggest ways in which both teachers and families can be empowered to build a strong support system for students in the school system.


The interaction of an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) with preformed channels in gaseous atmospheres demonstrates the effects of reduced density, avalanche ionization, preexisting conductivity, and channel currents. The intense REB for these experiments was produced from a field-emission diode driven by the approx. 1.4-MV pulse from a pulse-forming line. Peak REB currents up to approx. 16 kA, and current densities up to approx. 2 kA/cm/sup 2/ were achieved. The time history of the REB was approximately a half-sinewave of width 27 ns (FWHM). Channels in the atmosphere were created using laser-guided electric discharges. Current-carrying reduced density channels were produced by applying a second discharge to the reduced density channel produced by the first discharge. Reduced density ( or = 0.1 S/m, also caused the REB to be repelled or expelled from the channel. However, the presence of a parallel channel current permitted the REB to be readily injected into the channel and guided along it with minimal losses.« less


The advent of new communications technologies has played a lead role in building the global village, enabling companies to conduct international business more cost-efficiently, especially when an increasing number of companies are exploring remote parts of the world with minimal or non-existent infrastructure. Both voice and data communications have become significant challenges in these undeveloped areas. To solve this problem, oil and gas companies have begun relying on satellite communications. Recent advances in technology and new satellite systems being developed will enable companies to select from a broader range of services and price options.


ABSTRACT In October 1994, southeast Texas experienced some of its worst flooding ever. Near Houston, the raging waters of the San Jacinto River caused a pipeline to rupture, spilling vast quantitie...