Assessment is critical for learning, and summative assessment (e.g., exams) is one aspect of teaching that can be hard to scale to the large enrollments common in lower division CS courses. In this demo, I'll share my experiences in developing and using the Computer-Based Testing Facility (CBTF) that has be in operation at the University of Illinois since 2014. The CBTF provides proctored, secure computer-based exams, making it well suited to assessment in large-enrollment courses in computer science and other STEM disciplines. In recent semesters, our CBTF has averaged more than 65,000 exams per semester for over 9,000 unique students. In this demo, I'll demonstrate the instructor, student, and proctor perspectives of running/taking exams in the CBTF. I will explain the four principles that the CBTF is built on: sophisticated computerized questions, item generators, asynchronous exams, and a centralized proctor pool. In addition, I'll explain how contingencies like illnesses and disabilities/accommodations are handled efficiently. I will share resources on how to go about setting up a CBTF at your college/university and provide pointers to the research that we've conducted about and using the CBTF.


Hegel's account of freedom is complex and difficult. It integrates a doctrine of free agency, a theory of social freedom, and a self-determining theodicy of Spirit. To achieve full understanding, if full understanding is possible, the student must both disentangle and articulate the components, and then fit together the separate pieces into an intelligible whole. And what is true of the whole is true of the parts; each element is in turn complex and controversial. In this paper, I want to investigate one very small aspect of this picture — the political phenomenology of the citizen of Hegel's rational state. Whether we are delineating the contours of free agency or re-telling Hegel's story about the modes of freedom constitutive of the institutions of the modern state, sooner or later we shall have to interpret Hegel's description of the self-consciousness of the typical citizen. We shall have to give some account of what citizens take to be their political standing, and show how both this standing and the citizens' understanding of it contribute to freedom. This should not be a controversial claim. To paraphrase portions of the famous statement at PR §260: The state is the actuality of concrete freedom. Members of families integrated into civil society knowingly and willingly acknowledge their citizenship and actively pursue the ends of the state. They do not live as private persons merely; in understanding, endorsing and acting out their ethical status as citizens they achieve such subjective fulfilment as is necessary for them to be truly free.


The paper starting from the differences of language consciousness 、syntax tropism and expressive habit between Chinese language and English language. We also quote plenty of linguistic data and analyze the Chinese and English interlanguage's obscurity in order to provide references to chinese English learner and teacher.


The importance of recording the full range of frequencies (low as well as high) is widely accepted. High-fidelity, low-frequency data provides better penetration for the clear imaging of deep targets, as well as providing greater stability in seismic inversion. Broader bandwidths produce sharper wavelets and both low and high frequencies are required for high-resolution imaging of important features such as thin beds and stratigraphic traps. The industry has been facing many issues that have limited the performance of marine seismic surveys with respect to bandwidth. Among them, we find mechanical and acoustic noise, source and receiver ghosts and attenuation with depth. Until recently, conventional de-ghosting was found to be sub-optimal. Thanks to recent advances in technology and also in operational capabilities, we have seen several improvements, in particular with the use of solid streamers, deep towing and notch diversity. We describe a different technique to achieve broadband marine streamer data. The proposed solution is a new combination of streamer equipment, novel streamer towing techniques, and a new de-ghosting and imaging technology. The technique takes full advantage of the low noise and low-frequency response of the new generation of solid streamers (see Figure 1). It then uses receiver notch diversity to yield a broadband spectrum. Conventional acquisition (see Figure 2) with its receiver ghost represents a tuned receiving array which enhances some frequencies and completely cancels others (at the ghost notches). In variable depth streamer acquisition (see Figure 3) a variable depth streamer is used so that the receiving array is detuned and receives all frequencies. As a result, the method creates an exceptionally sharp and clean wavelet for interpretation. It can be optimized for different water depths, target depths and desired output spectra. Figure 4 shows how the variable depth configuration improves low frequency response (it is the average streamer depth that is key parameter here), while at the same time using notch diversity to avoid higher frequency notch problems. This approach to towed streamer broadband seismic is particularly efficient, flexible and customizable for a range of environments and applications. The acquisition parameters such as variable depth streamer profile, maximum streamer depth and source depth can be tuned to provide the maximum possible bandwidth for a given geological setting and water depth. In particular this technique can take full advantage of towing solid streamers at what are currently considered as extreme depths to benefit from the improved low-frequency response of the hydrophones and reduced sea-state noise. To date a variety of test lines have been acquired in different settings with streamer maximum depths as large as 60m. The novel approach to deghosting is fully 3D. It makes no 2D assumptions and has no limitations in the cross-line direction making it suitable for wide-azimuth as well as 3D surveys. This flexibility means that the technique can be used for a range of applications. The increase in penetration from the extension of the bandwidth at the low end will benefit the imaging of deep targets and those below complex overburdens. Shallow targets (such as shallow hazards) will benefit from the fully from the total bandwidth available and recordable. Recent trials have achieved usable bandwidths between 2.5 and 150 Hz.


Cao Qiq-iao is regarded by critics as a representative of female image whose humanity is distorted and dissimilated.However,Cao Qi-qiao has some consideration and recognition about her destiny in her tragic life,and displays the awareness of female consciousness,which also has much contact with her subversive actions.


In the condition of finite determinism can't be distinguished from indeterminism;in the condition of infinite,if it is computable it belong to determinism,if incomputable it belong to indeterminism.


Disclosed is a communication node apparatus capable of optimally using a communication resource of a communication interface mounted on each node apparatus. The communication node apparatus (transmission node apparatus (101)) comprises a plurality of communication interfaces (transmission interfaces (201-1, 201-2), and reception interfaces (202-1, 202-2)), thereby enabling communications with an opposing apparatus using a plurality of communication paths simultaneously. The communication node apparatus includes a means (reception interface aggregate calculation part (204)) for changing an aggregation of the reception interfaces addressable as destinations of data to be transferred to the opposing apparatus through each of the plurality of transmission interfaces such that communication performance with the simultaneous use of the plurality communication paths is maximized in response to communication performance changes of each of the transmission interfaces and the reception interfaces.


As multirater performance assessment becomes more common, it becomes more important to understand the unique perspectives (and unique rating variance) of different raters. In this article, an approach for investigating the causes (e.g., general impressions and interpersonal affect) of rater-specific method variance in Multitrait-Multirater (MTMR) performance appraisal matrices is described and demon- strated. The approach is a combination of confirmatory factor analysis and the use of measured method factors. Results of demonstrations with 2 previously published MTMR datasets (Holzbach, 1978; Tucker, Cline, & Schmitt, 1967) suggest that both general impressions and interpersonal affect account for significant method variance.


Ma's Grammar(马氏文通) is a great work,but somewhat it is blemished by its editing problems such as misquotation,misspelling,ungrammatical sentence,contextual incoherence,the same term referring several concepts and several terms referring one concept,etc.When initial version of Ma's Grammar(马氏文通) was published,editor-in-charge system was yet to be implemented.Without editor-in-charge system,the quality of books cannot be guaranteed.


We present an extension of the spectral deconvolution (SD) method to achieve very high contrast at small inner working radii. We apply the method to the specific case of ground-based adaptive optics fed integral field spectroscopy (without a coronagraph). Utilizing the wavelength dependence of the Airy and speckle patterns, we make an accurate estimate of the point spread function that can be scaled and subtracted from the data cube. The residual noise in the resulting spectra is very close to the photon noise from the starlight halo. We utilize the technique to extract a very high signal-to-noise ratio H- and K-band spectrum of AB Doradus (AB Dor) C, the low-mass companion to AB Dor A. By effectively eliminating all contamination from AB Dor A, the extracted spectrum retains both continuum and spectral features. The achieved 1σ contrast is 9 mag at 0.2 arcsec, 11 mag at 0.5 arcsec, in 20 min exposure time, at an effective spectral bandwidth of 5.5 nm, proving that the method is applicable even in low-Strehl regimes.

The SD method clearly demonstrates the efficacy of image slicer based integral field units in achieving very high contrast imaging spectroscopy at small angular separations, validating their use as high-contrast spectrographs/imagers for extreme adaptive optics systems.


Objective To study the anatomic distances from the upper and lower edges of the spinous process peak to the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch,to provide assistance for the percutaneous positioning of the pedicle of vertebral arch in minimally-invasive transpedicular internal fixation for the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.Methods We studied 20 integral thoraco-lumbar vertebrae samples,and the distance between the vertical plane including the upper and lower points of the spinous process peak and the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch was measured and marked as CO.We also measured the distances from the upper and lower points of the spinous process peak to the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch and marked them as AC and BC respectively.The upper and lower points of the spinous process peak were designated as reference points to define the optimal body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch.Twenty male patients with single segmental fractured vertebral body and without nervous symptoms were selected.The age of the patients were ranged from 23 to 54 years old,averaging at 37.6.The fractured vertebral bodies included T11,T12,L1,and L2 with 5 cases for each of them.The percutaneous transpedicular internal fixation was carried out with the upper point of the spinous process peak as the reference point to define the body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch and the preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle of each fractured vertebral body were measured.Results There was no significant differences in CO,AC and BC on both sides between male and female(P0.05).Statistical difference existed between male and female in CO and BO of the same vertebra,and AC of T11 and T12(P0.05),while AC of L1 and L2 had no significant difference(P0.05).In both males and females,CO of the vertebrae from T11 to L2 increased,while AC and BC decreased,and there was a significant difference among different vertebrae(P0.01).Clinical application showed there was a significant difference between the Cobb angle before operation and that after operation(P0.05).Conclusion The upper point of the spinous process peak is the best reference point to define the center of pedicle of vertebral arch.Deciding on the needle insertion spot should be based on gender and specific vertebral body,when minimally-invasive transpedicular internal fixation is performed to define the body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch.


times l'Eternel. When a new modern translation has to be made, as in the case of the fragments of the Hebrew of Ecclesiasticus (discovered since the year 1595), the word Eternel is at hand for use by French translators. The French version, having thus a separate word for representing ,1 , is enabled to have separate words for '3~7 and "7bX , which are usually rendered by Seigneur and Dieu, respectively. Thus in Gen. 15:28, :'•t jjjj is rendered Seigneur Eternel, where the English versions have "Lord God." The advantages of thus really translating the actual Hebrew text, and of having one word in the translation for one word in the original, instead of making a single translation word do double duty, are sufficiently apparent. The difficulty is to find an English word suitable for rendering n 4. Possibly "Jehovah" may be preferred, as being by this time a naturalized English word, and for that reason better than more correct transliterations such as "Yahweh," "Jahve," etc. If a new expression altogether be desired, perhaps "Supreme Being" would be thought suitable. But the adoption of the principle of definitely translating the name 17~ by something which is not merely its Qeri or substitute should not be allowed to be a matter of doubt in any new translation of the Old Testament into English. JAMES EDWARD HOGG PYMBLE, NEW SOUTH WALES


OBJECTIVE
To determine the value of reoperation in the treatment of recurrent gastric cancer.

METHODS
Clinical and survival data of 85 patients undergoing reoperation for recurrent gastric cancer from January 1986 to December 2003 were studied retrospectively.

RESULTS
Among 85 cases, there were 46 cases with recurrence within the stump stomach and 58 cases recurred within 2 years post-operation. Resection was performed in 45 patients including 34 cases treated by radical resection and 11 cases by palliative residual stomach resection. The 1, 3, 5-year survival rate of 34 cases after radical resection was 86%, 57% and 21% respectively. The mean survival time of palliative and comprehensive treatment cases was 16 months (range: 6 - 26) while all patients undergoing reoperation without resection died within 6 months post-operation.

CONCLUSION
An early diagnosis of recurrent gastric cancer depends on frequent re-examinations. Most postoperative recurrent gastric cancers, within the residual stomach, may be treated by re-operation.


Iodine deficiency disorders are a major public health concern affecting an estimated 2 billion people worldwide. As part of efforts to achieve the Universal Salt Iodization goal, the Government of Ghana launched the Universal Salt Iodization program backed by an act of parliament to oversee the attainment of this goal. Notwithstanding these efforts, iodine consumption amongst households and individuals is generally low in the Northern region especially in the Gushegu district. We therefore assessed the current iodine coverage and utilization in households and also determined the causes of low iodine use in this district. A mixed method approach of both quantitative and qualitative designs was employed. A quantitative descriptive cross sectional survey was first used to assess current iodized salt coverage, utilization and causes of low iodized salt use in households. The second design was a qualitative Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews conducted to give an in-depth inside of the causes of low iodized salt use. Rapid salt testing to determine iodine levels was conducted in all the households. In total, 100 household cooks were interviewed whiles 4 focus group discussions and 7 key informant interviews were conducted. Household iodized salt utilization and coverage was around 20%. Approximately 54% received education on iodized salt whiles 97% were unaware of the law on salt iodization. Reasons for the low use of iodized salt included; high cost and non-availability of the iodized salt, not received any education on the importance of iodized salt and ignorance of the law on iodization of salt. Iodized salt coverage and use in households and knowledge levels of the importance iodized salt is low in this district. High cost and unavailability of iodized salt coupled with ignorance of the law amongst others are responsible for the low use of iodized salt in this district.


We discuss and present several new directions in forward error correction for coherent optical communications. In particular, we show how the class of spatially coupled codes can lead to new FEC schemes outperforming conventional codes.


The present work is planned to study some aspects of tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) of AISI 310 austenitic stainless steels. Emphasis has been given to identify the effect of welding parameters on the quality of butt-welded joints. TIG welding has been carried out as per L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. After welding, ultimate tensile stress and percentage elongation have been measured. Grey based Taguchi methodology has been used to analyze and optimize the multi responses: ultimate tensile stress and percentage elongation. Statistical technique analysis of signal-to-noise ratio has been used to identify the significance of welding variables on output responses. The optimal combination of processing welding parameters for simultaneous optimization of both the responses has been obtained by Taguchi method. The confirmatory test has been conducted to validate the predicted welding results. . Keywords-TIG welding, austenitic stainless steel, Taguchi method, Grey-relational analysis, Analysis of variance INTRODUCTION Stainless steel is a complex group of iron based alloys with at least 10.5% chromium and a maximum of 1.5% carbon, usually along with nickel. Selvaraj et al. [1] mentioned that applications of stainless steels have been increased enormously in variety of engineering fields. The combination of good corrosion resistance, wide range of strength levels, fair formability, aesthetically pleasing appearance have made stainless steel materials as a good choice for many industrial applications like automobile, marine, naval, etc. In many of the mentioned applications needs joining of stainless steel materials to make complex parts or desired combinations for usage of different industrial applications. Stainless steel can be welded by most of the common arc welding processes includes flux cored arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, shielded metal arc welding with coated electrodes and submerged arc welding [2].TIG welding has become an important industrial process because of its advantages over the other widely used joining techniques. TIG welding is very often used to weld stainless steels. The cost of stainless steel materials are very high compared to other conventional materials like mild steel, aluminum etc., TIG welding setup requires high initial equipment cost. A typical schematic diagram of TIG welding is shown in Fig. 1. In TIG welding operation, selection process parameters plays very important role to obtain the desired weld qualities and welding performance. So, it is necessary to select the optimum welding parametric condition to improve the mechanical and surface properties of weldments and to enhance the efficiency of the welding process by minimize the rework or scrap loses due to faulty welds. In the present work, significance of welding process parameters on multi-responses: ultimate tensile stress and percentage elongation of TIG welding of AISI 310 austenitic stainless steels have been investigated by using design of experiments. Fig. 1:A typical schematic diagram of TIG welding © 2018 JETIR June 2018, Volume 5, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRC006013 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 80 Design of experiments which includes a set of techniques used to study of the significance of various factors on the outcome of a controlled experiment [3]. DOE's Taguchi methodology defines the quality of the part produced in terms of loss imparted by the product. But, Taguchi is an intelligent tool for designing, analyzing and optimizing the process / system only for single performance characteristics. Traditional Taguchi method cannotsolve the multi-objective optimization problem [4, 5]. The Grey system theory, was proposed by Deng in 1982, is mostly used to study uncertainties in system models, analyze relations between systems, establish models and make forecasts and decisions [6]. In recent years, the grey relational analysis has become a powerful tool for multi-objective problems during research and development so that multiple response characteristics can be optimized combinedly. Singh et al., [2]analyzed the shot peening process of welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel to optimize multi-response characteristics including tensile strength, surface hardness and surface roughness, using integrated grey relational analysis (GRA) based on Taguchi orthogonal array approach. Tamrin et al., [7]analyzed the joint characteristics weld strength, weld width and kerf width in CO2 laser lap joining of dissimilar materials by using GRA. Researchers utilized statistical ANOVA to ascertain the relative influence of process parameters on the joint characteristics. Tarng et al.,[8]optimized multiple weld qualities in submerged arc welding (SAW) process parameters in hardfacing with the application of grey-based Taguchi methods. Datta et al., [9] presented the grey-based Taguchi methodology for searching an optimal parametric combination, capable of producing desired quality weld by considering multi-response characteristics in SAW. Nikhil et al., [10] studied and optimized the process parameters of through transmission laser welding process by grey-Taguchi method to maximize joint strength and minimize weld width of welded samples simultaneously. Acherjee et al., [11] used the applications of grey-based Taguchi method for simultaneous optimization of multiple quality characteristics in laser transmission welding process when welding of thermoplastic materials. From the literature, it is found that reported articles on TIG welding of austenitic stainless steels are not found to be rich. Several aspects of TIG welding process needs to be explored to enhance the response characteristics of welded specimens and to develop sound knowledge base on TIG welding of austenitic stainless steels. Present work is one step forward for that. Taking into the some of the aspects into consideration the present work is planned to investigate the significances of TIG welding process variables of on multi response characteristics of austenitic stainless steel weldments by using integrated Taguchi-grey relational analysis. TAGUCHI METHOD AND GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS Taguchi's philosophy is an efficient tool for design and produce high quality manufacturing systems as well products [12]. Dr. Genichi Taguchi had developed a methodology based on orthogonal array of experiments. It provides reduced variance for the experiment with optimum parametric setting with minimum number of experiments. With integration of the Taguchi method with design of experiments, parametric optimization of the process obtained to enhance the system / process efficiency. Orthogonal array provides a set of well-balanced experiments and signal-to-noise ratio in Taguchi method are logarithmic functions of desired output serve as objective functions for process optimization [12]. Taguchi method is very much helpful to analyze the data and prediction of optimal parametric conditions for achieving desired output response. It uses statistical signal-to-noise ratio to measure performance of process or system(s). S/N ratio in Taguchi method uses three different objective functions i.e. larger-thebetter, smaller-the-better and nominal-the better to analyze and optimize the response variable. Larger-the-better objective function is given in Eq. 1; in this criterion, optimal level of a process parameter is the level, which results in the highest value of S/N ratio of transformation. Larger-the-Better: S N ratio = −10log10 ( 1 n ∑ 1 yi 2 n i=1 )(1) where, n = number of parameters; y = output response The Grey theory has been first developed since 1982 to construct the system uncertainty for relation analysis, modeling, forecasting, decision and control. GRA is mainly utilized in finding the major relations in the system to access the alternatives before multi-attribute decision making, and it considers simultaneously the overall relational rating regarding each alternative and also selects the most valuable degrees as the best alternative. Data preprocessing steps of GRA can be expressed as: Step 1: In the grey relational analysis, when the range of the sequence is large or the standard value is enormous, the function of factors is neglected. However, if the factors goals and directions are different, the grey relational analysis might also produce incorrect results. Therefore, one has to preprocess the data which are related to a group of sequences, which is called "grey theory relational generation [13]". For higher-the-better quality characteristics data preprocessing are calculated by Eq.2: Xi (k) = Yi (k) − Min Yi (k) maxYi (k) − minYi(k) (2) where Xi (k) is the value after grey relational generation while min Yi (k) and max Yi (k) are respectively the smallest and largest values of Yi (k) for the k response. Step 2: Grey relation co-efficient By normalizing, grey relational co-efficient (GRC) is calculated by using Eq.3 which is given below i(k) = ∆ min + r∆max ∆0ik + r∆max (3) where Δoi = ||x0(k) _ xi(k)|| = difference of the absolute value between x0(k) and xi(k) and here 'r' is distinguishing co efficient which is used to adjust the difference of the relational coefficient, usually 'r' is within the set {0, 1}. i(k) is grey relation co-efficient. © 2018 JETIR June 2018, Volume 5, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRC006013 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 81 Step 3: determination of the grey relational grade for each experiment combination


As organizations operate in turbulent and complex environments, it has become a necessity to assess the systems thinking (ST) skills, personality types (PTs), and demographics of practitioners. In this study, we investigated the relationship between practitioners' ST profile, their PTs profiles and demographic characteristics in the domain of complex system problems. The objective of this study is to address the current gap in the literature – lack of studies dedicated to predicting practitioners' ST profile based on their PTs and demographics characteristics. A total of 258 practitioners with different demographics and PTs provided the data. The results show that (1) practitioners can be classified based on their ST skills scores into two clusters: holistic and reductionist (that is, ST profile), (2) each cluster has different PTs profiles and demographic characteristics, and (3) practitioner's ST profile can be predicted, with good accuracy, based on their PTs profile and demographic characteristics.


During the past few years, silver nanoparticles became one amongst the foremost investigated and explored technology derived nanostructures, given the fact that nano silver primarily based materials established to possess attention-grabbing, challenging, and inspiring characteristics appropriate for numerous applications. Generation after generation, the postulates come back forth regarding properties of silver for the traditional Greeks cook from silver pots and the recent saying "born with silver spoon in his mouth" so show that ingestion with a silver spoon was renowned as uncontaminated. Silver has an excessive amount of contemporary industrial uses and is considered as a store of wealth. Silver nanoparticles are unit one amongst the foremost very important and interesting nano materials among many metals like nanoparticles. they need been urban as a complicated unit within the field of nanotechnology. This review predominately focused on advantages and synthesis of silver nanoparticles using physical, chemical, and biological ways. However, physical, and chemical methods are harmful and expensive however the biological technique is easy, rapid, non- noxious and ecofriendly. It additionally explains regarding mechanism of action, numerous characterization techniques as well as UV- Visible Spectroscopy, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential and finally concluded with numerous applications.


With a high percentage of career indecision among undergraduates, it is beneficial to understand what influences them to make vocational decisions. Students are misinterpreting or not fully developing their own vocational identities, which can lead to career decisions that do not correlate with their strengths, desires, and goals necessary for success in the work force. As a result, college students may struggle to establish their overall self-identity during a crucial stage of psychosocial development. A thematic analysis was used in this qualitative study to explore, specifically, what identifiers thirty animal science students at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign used to describe their identities on a professional level. The identifiers were grouped into five themes that reflected twenty subcategories of identifiers that contribute to the development of vocational identity. The frequency of identifiers was calculated to determine which identifiers and corresponding themes were most commonly used in each of the assignments. Two types of reflective assignments were analyzed from ANSC 298, a required undergraduate seminar, in order to explore what identifiers animal science students used to establish their vocational identities: The " Draw Your Life " assignment and " Autobiography " assignment. Both assignments were distributed during the spring semester of 2013 to the same group of students with each student completing both assignments. The results concluded that the Occupational theme was the most commonly identified theme in both the " Draw Your Life " and " Autobiography " assignments. Within that theme, students focused on Animals as the main subcategory of identifiers followed by Future Job in both assignments. Interests/Strengths was the 2nd most prevalent theme in the " Draw Your Life " opposed to the Institutional theme ranked as number 2 in the " Autobiography " assignments. The iii third most common theme differed between Institutional in the " Draw Your Life " assignments and Social in the " Autobiography " assignment. The drawings ranked Social as the 4th place theme compared to Interests/Strengths as 4th place in the autobiographies. The Other theme was contributed to the least by the students in both assignments, but contained uncategorized identifiers that were unexpected discoveries. With this knowledge, educators in animal science, as well as other areas of study, will have a better understanding of what their students find important in developing what kind of professionals they hope to become. Instructors will also have a better idea as to which type …


Summary

A radioimmunoassay specific for angiotensin II was used to determine the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in peripheral venous plasma of normal subjects. The range for 18 upright normal subjects on uncontrolled diet was 5–46 pg/ml (mean 23± 11 SD). In two subjects measurements were made twice daily, at 8.00 a.m. following overnight recumbency and at 11.00 a.m. following three hours of upright posture, before and during seven days of dietary sodium restriction to 10 mEq per day. Levels rose progressively over the first five days and then fluctuated, possibly indicating achievement of sodium balance. The upright values were consistently higher than the recumbent values. These changes resemble those previously described for renin and aldosterone under the same conditions. In the assessment of hypertensive patients for possible renovascular hypertension, excellent correlation was found between renal venous renin activity ratios measured by bioassay and by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin generated in vitro. In this particular situation, with identical treatment of samples collected simultaneously, measurement of the smaller component (angiotensin II) appears to be as useful as measurement of the larger component (angiotensin I).


Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.


Selective grazing by sheep (Ovis aries) leads to diet improvement. To learn whether animals select the most nutritious food available, differences in percent consumption were determined among smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) clones selected for divergent levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD). High- and low-NDF clones from a single population and high- and low-IVDMD clones from four populations were evaluated as spaced plants in separate replicated trials. Preference was determined by offering sheep grazing access to complete blocks comprised of both high and low selections. Pre- and post-grazing plant height and weight were measured and the differences used to calculate percent consumption, which was used as an indicator of preference. Preference and forage nutritive value were determined at three grazing periods in each of 2 yr. High-IVDMD clones (mean IVDMD = 700 g kg -1 ) were 12% more preferred (29 vs. 26% of height consumed) than low-IVDMD clones (mean IVDMD = 690 g kg -1 ). Low-NDF clones (mean NDF = 470 g kg -1 ) were 36% more preferred (34 vs. 25% of height consumed) than high-NDF clones (mean NDF = 505 g kg -1 ). Preference was positively correlated with IVDMD in three of four populations and negatively correlated with NDF. Sheep discriminated between equally-accessible, more- and less-nutritious clones and preferentially selected the more nutritious clones.


As a matter of course, art gives expression to people's thoughts and emotions and is of absolute necessity a prime vessel of civilization. The importance of its relationship to the national economy is also beyond debate. The natural talents of our nation's people, having certain inimitable characteristics, are particularly suited to artistic craft and for this reason, the glory and profit our manufacturing industry has enjoyed in foreign trade is due not to the firm and sound quality of its mechanical production, but rather to the refined splendor of our artistic tastes. It is my belief that the future of enterprise in this country should not rely only on products from nature. Industrial development is also a matter of the utmost concern. Thus, although it is at present imperative that we foster the development of our mechanical industry, which is currently in its infancy, with regards to the art industry,1 our particular strength, we must preserve its existing level and further efforts to render it a source of national wealth. Were we to begin with the unique aspects of our lacquerware, bronzeware metal engravings, wood carvings, ceramics and cloisonné, woven and embroidered textiles, and all other artistic manufactures, and make adjustments to them according to foreign demand, we could expect that before long our exports would increase several times over. However, given the current situation, I foresee a grave concern, namely, that the situation resulting from the Restoration threatens to sever entirely the traditions of our art. The reason for the splendor of our fine arts, which now shed our nation's light even on foreign lands, lies in the fact that until now the graces of the imperial family and stipends from the shogunate and its vassals have provided the means to protect artists and for masters to cultivate disciples. However, at present, the pathways by which art had been encouraged and supported have been peremptorily blocked, and the light of the torch is dying out before it has been passed on. The old master craftsmen eking out an existence today on the meager skills acquired in the final days of the Tokugawa era are already few and far between. There are certain Concerning the Institutions of Art Education (1897) Okakura Kakuzō


Laparascopic aortic surgery has been demonstrated to be feasible by numerous laboratory and clinical studies as well as 67 published case reports of infrarenal aortic repair for atherosclerotic disease. The theoretical advantages of applying laparoscopic technique to vascular surgery are to improve the outcome as well as shorten the hospital stay with the same patency as conventional procedures. Analysis of the literature reveals a median operative time for the laparoscopic approach of 330 minutes with a median cross-clamping time of 87 minutes. The conversion rate to open repair is 17.9% and the overall 30-day mortality rate is 3%. The length of stay in the intensive care unit is often less than 24 hours and 70% of patients are discharged home by the sixth post-operative day. There were no thrombosed grafts reported over a follow-up period ranging from 4.5 to 12 months. The initial post-operative goals were attained despite a lengthy operative time and the necessity for a rigorous training period in laparoscopic vascular surgery. These studies require a longer follow-up period before they can be adequately compared to conventional abdominal aortic repair.


Death is a part of life that is always there, that woul coping mentally disenggament . On the whole it can be concluded that the subject has not been fully able to overcome the existing problems in the self-subject. Coping stress subjects took only a moment to forget that there are problems in themselves the subjectd befall all creatures. Death is the end of one's life and can not be avoided. Although every living thing will die eventually no one was really "ready" in dealing with the death of a loved one or someone close to him. Losing a family member's death is one source of stress in the family. The death of family members who are generally young age to be a more traumatic event for family members left behind when compared with the death of family members who have been elderly. This study aims to gain in-depth picture of the shape of stress on mothers who lost children because of death. The study also saw the picture of coping methods performed by a mother who lost a child due to death and see why a mother do such stress coping of child mortality. This research was conducted using qualitative methods, data collection conducted at the residence of the subject. The subject is an adult woman who had lost their middle child because of death during 2 years. The method of data retrieval is done using open interviews and non participant observation. In general, subjects experienced physical symptoms of stress are decreased appetite, insomnia, headaches, breathing difficulties, dizziness quick, frequent crying, tendency to sweat constantly and are always anxious. Cognitive symptoms shown by the decreasing concentration of the subject is (difficult to concentrate on something) and decreased ability to observe subject (observation), while emotional and mental symptoms are physical and psychological tensions rise, increasing complaints that the image is added to the actual symptoms of illness, in general loss of feeling healthy (hypochondria), feelings of helplessness, anger and a sense of the continuous to others. Behavioral symptoms that appear from the subject of a decreased level of body energy. However, these symptoms had subsided at this time. Coping taken more subjects at the coping strategies that focused on emotions, because in this stressful situation can not be changed by the subject. Subjects also took coping strategies focused on the problem of finding social support and maladaptive


To take advantage of good dispersion of wa ter droplet in oil phase of reverse microemulsion, synthesis of nano-AgCl in me thyl methacrylate(MMA) as oil phase instead of non-reactive group solvent, and then polymerization of MMA in the presence of nano-AgCl as nano-fillers were r esearched. The advantage of this methodology to prepare polymer/nano-inorganic hybrids is simplified the process of modified inorganic nanoparticles with orga nic materials and dispersion of these nanoparticles into the precursors before p olymerization. The microemulsion was characterized by measurement of conductivit y and the influence of temperature to structure stability of microemulsion was d iscussed. TEM shows that nano-AgCl is under 100 nm, and SEM spectrum shows that sphere particles of nano-AgCl were dispersed in the PMMA. FT-IR spectrum reve als that MMA is polymerization completely. DMTA spectrum results show that the f unction of nano-AgCl is similar to cross linker, which causes the tanδ and modulus increasing.


PURPOSE
An important determinant of the clinical success of ceramic restorations is the bond strength of the luting agent to the seating surface and the prepared tooth structures. Manufacturers of ceramic systems frequently specify both the luting agent and preluting treatment of the seating surface of the crown. Procera AllCeram is an all-ceramic crown comprising a porcelain-veneered coping of densely sintered, high-purity aluminum oxide. This study evaluated the shear bond strength of 4 luting agents: zinc-phosphate, glass-ionomer, resin-modified glass-ionomer, and resin cement (dual cured) to Procera aluminum oxide coping material. The luting agents were subjected to different surface treatments: untreated, sandblasted, or silica coated by the Rocatec system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cylindric and cubic specimens of the coping material were luted together, and the shear force necessary to separate the cylinder from the cube was measured with a universal testing machine. The surfaces of the specimens were also analyzed.

RESULTS
No significant differences were recorded for the shear bond strengths of the luting agents to the untreated aluminum oxide. Glass-ionomer and the resin-modified glass-ionomer cements had the highest values (4.2 +/- 2.5 MPa and 4.3 +/- 1.9 MPa, respectively), and the lowest were 3.3 +/- 2.3 MPa for the resin cement and 3.2 +/- 1.0 MPa for the zinc-phosphate cement. Similar results were recorded for the sandblasted aluminum oxide surfaces, except with the glass-ionomer, which was significantly higher (12.9 +/- 2.4 MPa). For all 4 luting agents, the highest shear bond strength values were recorded for the silica-coated specimens; the highest was for the resin cement, at 36.2 +/- 7.8 MPa.

CONCLUSION
The bond strengths between resin cement and aluminum oxide specimens treated by the Rocatec system were significantly higher than those of the other materials and surface treatments evaluated.


6556 Background: There are persistent, entrenched racial disparities noted in breast cancer outcomes. A basis for these disparities can be racial inequality for stage matched Black vs. White women in receiving early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) chemotherapy dose intensity of, at minimum, 85% or more of chemotherapy (historic gold standard) within prescribed timeframe. Our study measured dose reductions, early terminations, and overall dose intensity of ESBC chemotherapy in urban breast cancer centers and compared by race. Methods: Using a longitudinal, comparative descriptive design, treatment characteristics were measured in women receiving ESBC cancer chemotherapy in seven cancer centers in Western PA and Eastern Ohio. Dosing scheduled was calculated per patient chemotherapy prescription. Actual dose was measured as percentage of chemotherapy received / prescribed in "prescribed time," meaning exact, ideal time to complete chemotherapy calculated from dose initiated without delay, dose reduction or early stoppage. The second measurement, "in any time," measured chemotherapy completed over any course of time, incorporating delays and reductions. Results were dichotomized according to 85% of prescribed dose for both outcomes and compared by patient self-reported race (Black or White). Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 through June 2022. N=260 patients, race self-reported as 100 Black (38.5%) and 160 White (61.5%). Overall, n=36 (13.8%) had early termination of therapy. Early termination was more common for Black patients, 21%, vs 10% for White patients (p=.04). N=100 (38.3%) of all patients had some dose reduction, racially divided by 46.4% of Black patients vs. 34.3% of White patients, NS. By projected endpoint, Black patients received 77% (SD 24.1) of prescribed chemotherapy; White patients 86.7% (SD 16.6), p=.001. By "in any time" endpoint, Black patients received 86.5%, (SD 22.8) of prescribed therapy, White patients received 93.5% (SD 13.2), p=.002. By "in any time" measurement, 15% of White patients and 25% of Black patients did not receive the gold standard of 85% of prescribed chemotherapy. N= 7 of delays or terminations were due to disease progression, or poor response, and rarely, (n=4) to patient nonadherence. Largely, delays and early cessation were due to chemotherapy toxicity. Conclusions: Racial disparities in dose intensity and alterations of prescribed ESBC chemotherapy must be eliminated. Further examining the racial differences around dose delays and early chemotherapy termination, including racial barriers to patient- clinician communication around chemotherapy related toxicity, is essential to ensure equitable ESBC care and outcomes.


Today, the reliable tripping of faults in the networks by failure of main protection is normally performed with the help of local backup protections, duplicating the principles of main protection. It provides redundancy only in the equipment and cannot trip complicated faults by the inability of main protection to operate due to principle reasons. The usage relays from different manufacturers for these duplicated protections helps only partially because both protections are by faults in the same conditions and act in accordance with the same principles. The damage of protected equipment in this case can be prevented by using the comprehensive remote backup protection. The most important difference between local and remote backup protections is that the remote backup protection acts by faults in the networks under completely different conditions compared to the main and local backup protections. These substantial differences can be used only by correct selection of principles and settings of remote backup protections. This paper reports the principles of performance of such comprehensive remote and some kinds of local backup protections separately for HV overhead and cable lines as well as the principles of selection of characteristics and calculation of settings for corresponding backup protections.


Broadsheet documenting landscape paintings of P.E.I. and Newfoundland by Stevenson, derived from earlier plein air pastel "painting". Artist's statement. Biographical notes.


Article 3, paragraph (C) of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948 provides, along with the punishment in paragraph (E) of it for participation in the commission of the crime of genocide, punishment for direct and public incitement to commit it. Article (25) paragraph (d) of the statute of the International Criminal Court also punishes any contribution to international crimes that fall within its jurisdiction, including the crime of genocide. Paragraph (e) of it specifically punishes direct and public incitement to commit the crime of genocide, which raises two questions: how different it is from one of the forms of participation in it, which is incitement to commit its, as a form of participation in the crime of genocide and what are its distinguishing features? On this basis, this research is devoted to studying the concept of direct and public incitement to commit the crime of genocide, by analyzing the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, the Statuses of international criminal courts, their practices, and comparative criminal legislation.


AbstractPromoting the use of naturally available materials as a partial substitute to portland cement can be a viable solution for producing low carbon footprint and durable cements. This work asse...


An integrated predictive model is being developed to account for the effects of localized environmental conditions in crevices on the initiation and propagation of pits. A deterministic calculation is used to estimate the accumulation of hydrogen ions (pH suppression) in the crevice solution due to the hydrolysis of dissolved metals. Pit initiation and growth within the crevice is then dealt with by either a probabilistic model, or an equivalent deterministic model. Ultimately, the role of intergranular corrosion will have to be considered. While the strategy presented here is very promising, the integrated model is not yet ready for precise quantitative predictions. Empirical expressions for the rate of penetration based upon experimental crevice corrosion data can be used in the interim period, until the integrated model can be refined. Bounding calculations based upon such empirical expressions can provide important insight into worst-case scenarios.


ABSTRACT Brazil is a country with marked social asymmetries, which have an impact on the impoverishment of basic educational proficiencies. We present a snapshot in a cross-sectional documentary study that registered the risk of distorting educational processes even more intensely, due to the easing of political and pedagogical decision-making. Planning and thinking about how to keep our teachers and students learning during the isolation and the post-pandemic period, implies the redesigning of education scenarios, searching for balance in teaching and in the use of technologies and resources. Until now, we have noticed an enlarged reproduction of pre-existing educational asymmetries. People who live in a situation of social vulnerability and digital exclusion are facing many more difficulties in the isolation period, as well as in managing to keep learning, than those in better financial conditions and with broadband internet access. It is a time that requires collective reinvention, bringing together policies and practices in a resolutive and equitable way.


ABSTRACT By prompting imagined or actual bodily experience, we can guide interpretation of tools to emphasize the action that those tools perform. The technique requires little more than an extension from looking at an object, to imagining how the body engages with it, perhaps even trying out those specialist postures, to nourish an interpretation centered on how the tool is used. This empathy-based approach, developed for use in classrooms and museum study environments, emphasizes tool users – scientific, trade and craft practitioners – rather than the products that the tools were used to create, and interprets science and craft as embodied processes in space and time rather than as mere precursors to their static products. This approach also encourages close inspection of specific objects to reveal wear and other changes that offer clues about how they were held, and how they moved. Interpreting objects in this way provides insights that center the object in a visitor engagement, letting objects speak for themselves. The technique may also be applicable in exhibition, using mannequins or augmented reality to add bodily information.


Introduction, Joel Isaac and Duncan Bell Part I: Prisms 1. Cold War Degree Zero, Anders Stephanson 2. Exploring the Histories of the Cold War: A Pluralist Approach, Odd Arne Westad 3. A History Best Served Cold, Philip Mirowski 4. Inventing Other Realities: What the Cold War Means for Literary Studies, Steven Belletto Part II: Vistas 5. The Geopolitical Vision: The Myth of an Outmatched U.S.A., John Thompson 6. War Envy and Amnesia: American Cold War Rewrites of Russia's War, Ann Douglas 7. The Spirit of Democracy: Religious Liberty and American Anti-Communism during the Cold War, Andrew Preston 8. God, the Bomb, and the Cold War: The Religious and Ethical Debate Over Nuclear Weapons, 1945-1960, Paul S. Boyer 9. Blues Under Siege: Ralph Ellison, Albert Murray, and the Idea of America, Daniel Matlin 10. Cold War Culture and the Lingering Myth of Sacco and Vanzetti, Moshik Temkin 11. Deconstructing "Cold War Anthropology", Peter Mandler 12. Cognitive and Perceptual Training in the Cold War Man-Machine System, Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi Index


Taking into account the steady growth in terms of number of hosts and databases, size of databases and types of databases, the need to establish user aids increases. For a couple of years at the GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health we have been developing an information system for environmental chemicals. Within this research project the construction of automated searches is an important task. For the efficient set‐up of those automated searches the following items are essential: knowledge of chemistry or a related subject; knowledge about the content of databases; knowledge of the different retrieval languages. We have access to ten international hosts. For these hosts we elaborated automated searches using communications software written in‐house which includes a script language for preformulated searches. In our paper we give examples of automated searches by Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number and the physical‐chemical parameter boiling point. Preformulated search scripts will be given for DIALOG databases. This approach is a time‐ and cost‐saving alternative to the classical search.


A multistage reaction is described, which seems to be typical for gel formation in high protein model systems (Fig. 1). It is the objective of this study to identify the influencing factors behind the reaction and to identify the mechanisms related to its stages, i.e. the effects of compositional parameters and operational conditions on the structural and rheological changes characterizing the reaction, commonly referred to as creaming reaction. The underlying reaction conditions are phenomenologically known [1; 2], but still insufficiently scientifically understood so far.


To the inarticulateness of nature (wo)man has added a new dimension—speech. S/He is the only creature who talks, in the sense of using a shared set of abstract rules for creating and communicating ideas about the world. Hence, it has more than once been suggested that, instead of being called by that oafishly arrogant, prematurely self-bestowed name Homo sapiens, s/he would be more accurately described as Homo loquens.


Article history Received: 29 Mar, 2015 Revised: 12 Apr, 2015 Accepted: 14 Apr, 2015 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic reticular features in normal and hardware diseased buffaloes. The study was conducted on 20 apparently normal and 85 hardware diseased buffaloes. Transcutaneous ultrasonography was performed in standing buffaloes without sedation. The area from 6 to 8 intercostal space was examined with a 3.5-5 MHz convex transducer. The ventral aspect of the thorax on the left and right of the sternum as well as the left and right lateral thorax up to the level of elbow were examined. Buffaloes with local peritonitis, abdominal and thoracic abscesses, traumatic pericarditis and pleuropnemonia exhibited significantly lower frequency of reticular contractions than the control. There was a significant increase of reticular thickness between buffaloes with traumatic pericarditis, local peritonitis, abdominal and thoracic abscesses and normal buffaloes. The distance between reticulum and abdominal wall was significantly higher in hardware diseased than normal buffaloes. There was a significant difference in the durations of 1, 2 and total reticular contractions and the relaxation period were significantly longer in buffaloes with traumatic pericarditis (except the 1 contraction), local peritonitis, abdominal and thoracic abscesses than healthy buffaloes. Buffaloes with traumatic pericarditis, local peritonitis, abdominal and thoracic abscesses had significantly lower amplitude of 1 reticular contraction than the normal buffaloes. Buffaloes with all recorded complications of hardware disease had significantly lower amplitude of 2 reticular contraction than healthy buffaloes. In conclusion, ultrasonography provides exact information concerning the reticular features in the various complications of hardware disease in buffaloes.


The place names of 'san(산, meaning a mountain)' is relevant to our daily lives and living cultures. There are many traditional place names using 'san(산)' in Daejeon city. Hence this thesis studied the features of traditional place names using 'san(산)' in two aspects. First, the study considered the forms and features of the back place name morpheme. As the result, there are various cases of the back place name morphemes using 'san(산)' such as 'san(산), moe(뫼), moe(뫼), bong(봉), maru(마루), nal(날), nalmang(날망), naldeung(날등), deung(등), neungseon(능선), empty morpheme(o)'. One of them, 'San(산)' is a typical morpheme and its allomorph can be 'sal(살)' 'Sal(살)' is restricted to precede a bilabial '/m/ㅁ' such as 'moe(뫼), maru(마루)' In addition to this, the verification of 'moe(뫼)', a synonym of 'san(산)' is distinctive because 'moe(뫼)' is a fossilized morpheme by And its allomorphs are 'me(메)~mae(매)~mi(미)' reflecting phonological characters of the regional dialect. Whereas there was a case which becomes detail names broad indicating broad meaning of san to be a back morpheme of place name. 'Bong봉(峰)' is productive and 'maru(마루)' its Daejeon dailect 'mallim(말림)' are back morphemes of 'san(산)' as well as 'nal(날), nalmang(날망), nalmaengi(날맹이), naldeung(날등), deung(등), neungseon(능선)'. Specially, 'maru(마루), nalmang(날망), naldeung(날등)', etc are in common use. Second, this study considered the formations and characters of traditional place names 'san(산)'. The 2nd, 3rd formations of place names, so-called expanded place names, are distinctive by adding the back place name morpheme in two ways. one is a case to change the place name's form. The original place name(1st) become the front place name morpheme and another back place morpheme is added for example, 'dwit+gol(뒷+ 골, the 1st place name)'→ 'dwitgol(뒷골, the front place name morpheme)' + 'san(산, the back place name morpheme)' → 'dwitgolsan(뒷골산, the 2nd place name)'. The other, the back place name morpheme is added without changing the form of place name. This is a distinctive formation of place name tautological structure. There are various cases such as 'mulmoe-san(물뫼산)', 'moe(뫼)' and 'san(산)' are tautological, 'saekgyeongsan-bongui(색경산봉우리), galmi-bong(갈미봉), baemsan-nal(뱀산날)' are subsets of 'san(산), moe(뫼)'. Additionally, 'wangbong-nal(왕봉날), sirubong-nalmang(시루봉날망), yong-naldeung(용날등), jin-deungnal(진등날)' are tautological of detail names of 'san(산)'. The reason of tautological structure is to complement and reinforce the meaning of 1st place name.


"The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the four-parameter logit model developed by Ewbank and others, to ascertain the validity and the applicability of this model, and finally to look for a more rational way of estimating the four parameters." The focus is on the application of such models to the analysis of mortality data. The Ewbank model is applied to Japanese life tables. "As a result of the analysis, I found that the Ewbank model captures the mortality pattern of the Japanese, and that the four parameters of the model can be effectively estimated by using Simplex method and Marquardt method. As to the applicability of the Ewbank model, it might be possible to estimate the life table at any point of time from the past to the future by changing the values of the parameters of this model. I ascertained this by altering parameter a. As a result, the feasibility of this model is found to be quite high." (EXCERPT)


The occurrence of sugarbeet Rhizomania and the effect on the yield and quality was investigated in the field in Shihezi Area, and the trial for effect of fertilizer and chemical control were done. It is necessary for the varieties breeding to control effectively Rhizomania, and SN033, STN213 and STN215, the sugarbeet lines (varieties) with Rhizomania resistance have been bred.


Background: The development of wearables has facilitated the monitoring of biomedical parameters in everyday life. One of the most common sensors of these gadgets is the photoplethysmograph (PPG); hence, the proper processing and interpretation of the PPG signal are essential. Besides pulse rate detection, these devices—together with an ECG—compute the pulse arrival time (PAT), from which the actual beat-to-beat blood pressure can be estimated. The heart rate shows asymmetrical accelerations and decelerations, quantified by the parameters of heart rate asymmetry (HRA). In the present study, we investigated the influences of different breathing-patterns on the PATs and HRA parameters. Methods: The authors evaluated 5 min simultaneous respiratory-, ECG- and PPG-signal recordings of 35 healthy, young volunteers specifically expressing the following breathing patterns: metronome-controlled inspiration, and both inspiration and expiration controlled at 1:1 and 1:2 ratios, respectively. The records were analyzed by HRVScan_Merge v3.2 software. The PAT values were calculated at eight different reference points. The HRA parameters and the PAT values at different breathing patterns were compared using the Friedman test and post hoc Wilcoxon paired-sample test. Results: Porta- and Guzik-indices significantly increased at 1:1 breathing compared to 1:2 and single-paced breathing. PATs increased significantly in dual-paced series compared to single-paced series at each reference point. Conclusion: Based on our results, the increased PATs at dual-paced versus single-paced breathing may indicate the involvement of cognitive functions. The symmetrical respiration ratio increases the heart rate symmetry; however, this effect is not detectable in the periphery through the PATs.


A detailed kinetic and spectrophotometric investigation has been made for the oxidation of neutral red, a cationic phenazine dye, using potassium periodate in aqueous media. The rate of the oxidation reaction attained a first order dependence on the dye and the oxidant only at lower concentrations of the latter. The rate of reaction increases with increasing pH of the medium due to the deprotonation of the substrate nitrogen atoms. Moreover, the rate of reaction decreases with increasing ionic strength of the medium, suggesting an interaction between two singly oppositely charged ions in the activated complex. However, addition of trace amounts of manganese(II) ions sharply increases the oxidation rate. Mechanisms are proposed for both the non-catalyzed and manganese(II) catalyzed reactions which are in agreement with the experimental data.


A series of triaxial shear tests on intact unsaturated Q2 loess were conducted using computerized tomography(CT)-multi-function triaxial apparatus developed in Logistical Engineering University.The distinct CT images and detailed CT data of the evolution of meso-structure were obtained during loading.A new method is proposed to identify the yield stress of intact Q2 loess using curves of CT-number versus deviatoric stress.A structure parameter and a structure evolution variable are defined based on CT data.The variable of structure evolution increases with the increase in net confining pressure under the same suction;while the variable of structure evolution decreases with the increase in suction under the same net confining pressure.An equation describing the evolution of structure is developed.In the equation,deviatoric strain and volumetric strain are included.The equation reflects the influences of net confining pressure and suction on the evolution of meso-structure during loading.The structure evolution equation successfully simulates the laboratory tests of unsaturated intact Q2 loess.


Purpose: to investigate the knowledge of dentists about the role of speechlanguage pathologists with elderly patients, users of total dental prosthesis. Methods: the study was developed from questionnaires answered by 43 dentists from the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, who deal with dental prothesis fitting. Results: of the 43 dentists interviewed, only eight referred the users of total dental prosthesis for an evaluation with a speech-language pathologists because of a speech problem. Conclusions: few dentists refer their patients during the fitting of total dental prosthesis process to an evaluation with a speech-language pathologists and when they do so, speech is the most frequent complaint.


We investigate electron charge decoherence in a laterally coupled single-electron semiconductor double quantum dot through electron-phonon interaction. We analytically and numerically evaluate the relaxation and dephasing rates due to electron coupling to both acoustic and optical phonons, and explore the system parameter space in terms of interdot distance, strength of single-dot confinement, and interdot coupling strength. Our numerical results show that the electron scattering rates are strongly dependent on the strength of the electron confinement and the size of the system. In addition, although the most dominant factor that determines the charge decoherence rate is the energy splitting between the charge qubit states, the details of the double dot configuration are also very important.


The accompanying therapy prescribed during the use of toxic drugs helps patients to complete the treatment to the end, and the doctor adheres to the treatment of the chosen line
The aim of the study was to study the effect of levocarnitine on blood biochemical parameters and on chemotherapy tolerance.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the stem cell treatment department at Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Hematology . Chemotherapy toxicity was assessed according to WHO and NCIC standards.
Results. In a comparative study, 30 patients receiving chemotherapy for myeloma with varying degrees of toxicity when fortecarnite (100 mg / kg / day) was added to standard therapy for 2 months or more showed a significant positive change in cytochemical parameters (Alanin transferase (ALT), aspartat transferase (AST)), which allowed the authors recommend metabolic correction to all patients receiving chemotherapy, especially with 2nd and 3rd degree of toxicity.


The studies on the influence of bud load and fertilizer application on growth, yield and quality of grape cv. 'Sahebi' were carried out in model grapevine orchard of department of Horticulture at Kralbagh, Tehsil Lar Distt. Ganderbal (J&K) for two consecutive years. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of bud load (B1-96 buds/vine), B2-128 buds/vine and B3-160 buds/vine), 3 levels of fertilizer doses, F1=FYM (50 kg/vine) + recommended dose (NPK: 555, 227, 470g/vine), F2=FYM (50 kg/vine)+ 2 times recommended dose (NPK: 1110, 454, 940g/vine), F3=FYM (50 kg/vine)+ 3 times recommended dose (NPK: 1665, 681, 1410g/vine and their combinations replicated thrice with a double plot size in a completely randomized block design. The individual effect of as well as Fertilizer level F2 (FYM-50 kg/vine + 2 times recommended dose-NPK: 1110, 454, 940 g/vine). Bud load B2 (128 buds/vine) recorded the maximum percentage of fruitful shoots per vine, number of leaves/shoot, fruit yield, bunch length, berry weight, berry length, juice content, TSS, total sugars, anthocyanin content, benefit-cost ratio and the minimum acidity. B2F2 interaction resulted in highest percentage of fruitful shoots per vine, fruit yield, berry length, TSS, total sugars, anthocyanin content, benefit-cost ratio and the minimum acidity during both years. Therefore, budload B2 (128 buds/vine), fertilizer dose F2 (FYM-50 kg/vine + 2 times recommended dose-NPK: 1110, 454, 940 g/vine) and their combination is the best for improving growth, yield and quality of grape cv. Sahebi.


Ayapanatriplinervis (Asteraceae), also known as "Japana branca" and "Japana roxa" in Brazil, is a medicinal herb from the Amazon used as tonic, digestive, antidiarrheal, among others. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy of the aerial vegetative axis of A. triplinervis to corroborate that this species has morphotypes, in order to provide data for their identification. Samples were collected in the Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia and Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, and they were analyzed morphologically and by the standardtechniques of plant anatomy. The stem is cylindrical, white or purple, with uniseriate epidermis, trichomes and endoderm with starch sheath and Casparian strips. The leaves are simple, opposite, with attenuate or arising basis; they have anomocytic stomata, epicuticular wax plates or granules, pearl glands, dorsiventral mesophyll with collateral vascular bundles and secretory ducts. Ayapana triplinervis showed different morphoanatomical features betweenthe white and purple types, which enablesthe distinction between the two morphotypes.


The objective of this study was to find a rapid determination of the freshness of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.)fruits using portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging instrument. To assess the fresh quality of tomato and pepper fruits, an imaging anlaysis of the photochemical responses of pericarp or exocarp of tomato and pepper fruits was performed with fruits preserved under the different storage conditions. The observed chlorophyll imaging photos were numerically transformed to the photochemical parameters on the basis of chlorophyll fluorescence.The storage conditions for fruits were regulated as follows; room temperature (control), heat (42°C), wet (25°C and 80% relative humidity), and chilling (4°C) conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) method showed that the decrease in F v /F m ratios of pepper fruits was lower at room temperatureand under wet condition than the other conditions. Although F v /F m ratios and ΦPSII values in tomato fruits showed low fluorescence responses, the changing patterns have permitted to determine th freshness. In heat condition, the photochemical parameters calculated from the images of F v /F m ratios, ΦPSII and non-photoquenching (NPQ) were also available to determine the freshness of fruits. In our study, it was clearly indicated that the chillingcondition was the suitable condition for thelong storage of tomato and pepper fruits. The CFI analysis is applicable as a rapid screening method for the determination of freshness of tomato and pepper fruits.


R290 was charged into a chest freezer(625 liters) designed for using R134a.The R134a compressor was replaced by R290 compressor.The parameters of the capillary was optimized and tested.The best evaporating temperature was studied too.It is found that the freezing capacity of the R290 big chest freezer was 110% that of the R134a chest freezer while the COP of the former increased by 24.7%.


Pachydermotactyly (PDD) is a benign digital fibromatosis, usually involving the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands. A 14.5-year-old male patient was assessed for deformity on his fingers progressing in last five years and tic disorder in the last eight years. Physical examination revealed that his bilateral 2nd, 3rd, and 4th PIP joints were painless, swelling on lateral sides. On magnetic resonance imaging, the thickening predominantly involved the tissue around the same PIP joints. Other laboratory investigations were normal. Because of the involvement of small joints of the hands, the symptoms be confused with inflammatory rheumatic disease, especially with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we address pachydermotactyly to assist rheumatologists in making the diagnosis of this disease correctly.


Copper sulfide nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in various fields, and improving their physical properties is highly desirable. In this study, we investigate the influence of nickel concentrations on the structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics of CuS nanoparticles. The structural properties of Cu1-xNixS (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) were demonstrated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed that all samples have a single hexagonal phase. The Energy Dispersive X-ray Technique (EDAX) was used to investigate the elemental analysis of Cu1-xNixS. The XPS study revealed the valence states of Cu, Ni, and S in the Cu0.94Ni0.06S nanoparticles, as well as surface oxidation. The optical characteristics were calculated based on the absorbance optical spectra of the films using a UV-vis-NIR double-beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm. The optical band gap for CuS and Ni-doped CuS samples decreases as the Ni concentration rises. Magnetic studies (using the M-H curve) demonstrate that 2% and 4% Ni-doped CuS nanoparticles exhibit strong ferromagnetism at ambient temperature and transition to a paramagnetic nature. These results suggest the potential of creating spintronic devices using Ni-doped CuS nanoparticles.


Cancer patients treated with immune check point inhibitors are at risk of developing severe colitis. However, the efficacy and safety of treatment of severe colitis is poorly understood.


Modern CNC machine tool involves light,machine,electricity,liquid and many other technologies.It has a high level of automation and production efficiency and the technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive characteristics but failure is inevitable.How to catch the crux of the failure analysis is the point.Mainly use the greatest using device of VDL-600 machining center(FANUC Oi-MB system)hand-wheel which can not be operated to analyze the failure.


The development objective of the Tax Administration Modernization Project for Armenia is to modernize Armenia's tax administration to: (i) increase voluntary tax compliance, (ii) reduce tax evasion, (iii) reduce compliance costs, and (iv) increase administrative efficiency. This restructuring includes the extension of the current project closing date from September 30, 2018 to January 31, 2019.


Summary

A novel adaptive terminal sliding mode instantaneous active and reactive power control for both the rotor-side as well as grid-side converters of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power extraction system is proposed in this paper using the abc frame of reference. This approach is independent of unmodeled dynamics of the phase-locked loops that reduces the nonlinearities in computing the control objective. The adaptive nature of the terminal sliding mode controller design offers a better and enhanced transient response as compared with some of the conventional methods for a wide range of disturbances such as switching faults, reference tracking and wind speed variation for both the sub-synchronous and synchronous modes of operation of the doubly fed induction generator subjected to lower and higher wind speeds. Moreover, a maximum power point tracking algorithm has been incorporated to compute the reference power of the stator of the DFIG, which is utilized in designing the control system for the rotor-side converter. Further extensive computer simulations have been carried out with the DFIG operating in a single machine or multimachine environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control. Also the robustness and stability of the proposed adaptive terminal sliding mode control is verified using the MATLAB/SIMULINK based DFIG model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Synergism between obesity and virus infection promotes the development of B-cell lymphoma. In this study, we tested if obesity associated endotoxin release induced activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). TLR4 activation in turn caused c-JUN and STAT3 dependent translocations of MYC loci to suppress transactivation of CD95/FAS. We used viral nucleocapside Core transgenic (Tg) mice fed alcohol Western diet to determine whether oncogenesis arising from obesity and chronic virus infection occurred through TLR4-c-JUN-STAT3 pathways. Our results showed B-cell-specific, c-Jun and/or Stat3 disruption reduced the incidence of splenomegaly in these mice. AID-dependent t(8;14) translocation was observed between the Ig promoter and MYC loci. Comparison with human B cells showed MYC-immunoglobulin (Ig) translocations after virus infection with LPS stimulation. Accordingly, human lymphoma patients with virus infections and obesity showed a 40% incidence of MYC-Ig translocations. Thus, obesity and virus infection promote AID-mediated translocation between the Ig promoter and MYC through the TLR4-c-JUN axis, resulting in lymphoproliferation. Taken together, preventative treatment targeting either c-JUN and/or STAT3 may be effective strategies to prevent tumor development. Implications: Obesity increases gut-derived endotoxin which induces TLR-mediated MYC-Ig translocation via c-JUN-STAT3, leading to lymphoproliferation.


This paper briefly discusses the concept of XML Repositories. As the concept is not only a simple database, the XML Repository is discussed after the requirements of XML databases are considered. Finally couple of examples of available applicationse are discussed briefly.


Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been widely used as a transfection agent for gene delivery, but it is cytotoxic and can lead to cell apoptosis. Although several apoptotic mechanisms have been proposed, a molecular level understanding of PEI/cell membrane interaction can help develop further insight into such cytotoxicity. We combined sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and attenuated total-internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to study the effect of PEI on lipid transbilayer movement in supported bilayers (serving as model cell membranes) as a function of lipid composition, PEI concentration, and temperature. For both dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) bilayers, PEI molecules showed no significant effect on lipid translocation at room temperature (21 °C). In contrast, significant lipid translocation was observed near the physiological temperature (39 °C), indicating the ability of PEI to induce lipid translocation...


This paper describes Burton, a core element of a new generation of goal-directed model-based autonomous executives. This executive makes extensive use of component-based declarative models to analyze novel situations and generate novel control actions both at the goal and hardware levels. It uses an extremely efficient online propositional inference engine to efficiently determine likely states consistent with current observations and optimal target states that achieve high level goals. It incorporates a flexible generative control sequencing algorithm within the reactive loop to bridge the gap between current and target states. The system is able to detect and avoid damaging and irreversible situations, After every control action it uses its model and sensors to detect anomalous situations and immediately take corrective action. Efficiency is achieved through a series of model compilation and online policy construction methods, and by exploiting general conventions of hardware design that permit a divide and conquer approach to planning. The paper presents a formal characterization of Burton's capability, develops efficient algorithms, and reports on experience with the implementation in the domain of spacecraft autonomy. Burton is being incorporated as one of the key elements of the Remote Agent core autonomy architecture for Deep Space One, the first spacecraft for NASA's New Millenium program.


Long Term Evolution (LTE) represents a significant milestone in broadband mobile communications as it delivers fast global and secure mobile communication technologies for the twenty first century. It features very innovative new air interface technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology and fastest link adaptations. All these components that put together will achieve remarkable performance for mobile communications. LTE has been accepted as the basis of fourth generation (4G) wireless technology and it seems that the components included here are so viable, it has staying power even 5G technologies in the future and beyond. The underlying transmission technologies and physical layer model of LTE has deep mathematical roots. Considering the dynamic nature of the transceiver system, such fast responding LTE is best understood through simulations and Matlab is the best tool to do the same. In this paper a 2×2 MIMO OFDM transceiver system with MMSE channel equalization has been setup and its performance is evaluated with and without link adaptation. Results illustrate that the proposed adaptation gives considerable improvement in data rate of the transceiver system without compromising much on the bit error rate.


A method is developed for obtaining a complete symmetry classification of the solutions of equations of state in the case of problems whose Hamiltonian is invariant under a continuous symmetry group. The magnetic structures of many-sublattice magnetic materials are investigated in the exchange approximation. It is shown that a theory based on a continuous Landau potential and depending only on the algebraically independent invariants rather than on the entire rational basis of invariants predicts structures that are, in principle, impossible to realize since the model symmetry G' is higher than the actual symmetry of the physical problem G


The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are moving targets, making it hard to estimate the societal burden in terms of not only physical but also mental health (Holmes et al., 2020). It is clear that mental health problems will increase as a consequence of the pandemic. However, the specific problems across countries will reflect their response to the pandemic with mental health problems including the effects of social isolation (physical distancing), loss followed by disrupted grief ceremonies, loss or disruption to vocational, economic or educational opportunities, fear of a second outbreak of COV‐ ID-19 and future post-corona mental health consequences (Holmes et al., 2020). Recent studies indicate that service demands for psychiatric assessments and interventions have increased (Titov et al., 2020), while at the same time in person psychiatric visits for mild to moderate conditions have been advised against. There are many new challenges and possibilities raised by the pandemic. It is likely that we will see new problems and new groups of clients not seen before. Mental health problems among health care workers is one example, and loneliness or relationship distress caused by social distancing is another example. A third example could be coping with loss: death of loved ones with little opportunity for social support, loss of employ‐ ment and monetary loss, and loss or disruption to education. To our knowledge, with the


This paper looks at universities from the perspective of other occupants of the same geographical region who might be partners in regional development. It takes a bleakly realistic view of the difficulties involved for universities to engage more productively with their regions for social and economic development. It draws out lessons from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2004-07 study, 'Supporting the Contribution of Higher Education to Regional Development', in 14 regions across five continents, including processes, findings and unfinished business, to consider barriers to closer involvement. Universities are portrayed as often proud and choosy companions. Regions vary significantly. Despite global interest in devolution they are often ill-defined and weak in traditional bonds, making them immature, gauche and reluctant partners for universities. Recent global competitive tendencies impact on both regions and universities, pulling the latter away from regional engagement in favour of world league table positioning. There is a danger that local involvement is seen as a second-best substitute for those who fail. The paper adopts an ecological perspective in concluding that in a competitive era of mass higher and universal tertiary education, regional systems of interdependent higher education systems collectively sharing roles and responsibilities across the spectrum of demands on higher and tertiary education, offer the best way forward.


This thesis uses hedonic techniques to quantify the industrial externalities that are capitalized into property values. We show that Pittsfield residents are willing to pay more money to live further away from the PCB contaminated General Electric complex, and furthermore that the effect of this change in demand increases fourfold after the Superfund announcement. Information dissemination is also examined to see the process and speed through which these externalities have been capitalized into the real estate market. Table of


Translating verbal humor in audiovisual texts poses a serious challenge to translators, so this study investigated the nature of challenges which affect the translation of humor. For this purpose, the translators' perception of humorous expressions from fourteen episodes of an animated comedy entitled "The Boss Baby" were identified and the selected expressions were compared to their dubbings conducted by Nahal and Gem Junior channels and the translation strategies were analyzed, then the impact of the reception environment and the reasons for using each strategy were investigated. The frequency and percentage of strategies applied were calculated and the findings revealed that while literal translation was the most frequently used strategy in Gem Junior channel, substitution and omission were the dominant strategies used in the other one. Nahal channel naturally rendered the dialogues in a way which is familiar to the Iranian children's culture; therefore, it's translation was target-oriented. On the other hand, Gem Junior channel's translation opted for a method which was between domestication and foreignization. Finally, the results showed that the translation of both channels met the quality standards of dubbing.


Introduction. The integrated study of Anatomy and Physiology is mandatory in Health Sciences careers. The adaptation of these topics to the Bolonia paradigm in Europe is a methodological challenge due to the curricular complexity and specific competencies profiles involved. Aims. To evaluate a mixed methodology in the Physiology and Anatomy teaching aimed to measure knowledge and competencies. We also propose an evaluation scale to score learning. Subjects and methods. Data were gathered from a control group (classical methodology: lectures) which was compared with an experimental group (mixed methodology: problem-based learning (PBL), clinical cases, team working and lectures) in the Podiatric School at the Universidad Europea de Madrid. Knowledge was measured with multiple choice exams and PBL, clinical cases and team working evaluation. Results. We show that the students gain knowledge and competences during the academic course using a new mixed methodology for teaching. In contrast to the control group, knowledge in the experimental group stabilizes over the academic course making individual differences between the students insignificant. This homogenization becomes evident as a lower variability of the average scores of the experimental group and gives support to the value of a mixed methodology for students with more difficulties. There is a strong linear regression between class attendance and exam scores, confirming the importance of face-to-face supervision for learning. Conclusions. A mixed methodology for Physiology and Anatomy teaching allows the students to acquire abilities and competencies, also helping to equilibrate individual differences during the learning process.


With the increasing demand of students' intuitive understanding and cognitive level of basketball teaching, the traditional theoretical courses and teachers' practical teaching have been difficult to meet the actual needs of teaching, and there is an urgent need for teaching reform. Based on this, this paper first analyses the application status and function of computer VR tech, then studies the utilization of computer VR tech in basketball teaching, and finally gives the utilization strategy of VR tech in basketball teaching.


Penetrating injuries from gunshot wounds are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this country as well as a significant financial burden to the health care system. Total yearly system costs from firearm injuries in the United States have been estimated to be between $20 and $126 billion, and in-hospital costs have been estimated between $1 and $4 billion a year.1-3 Firearm injuries are the second leading cause of traumatic death in the United States.3 These injuries also are very disruptive to the function of emergency departments. The interventional demands of patients presenting with such wounds are often immediate and severe. Such patients can rapidly destabilize and consume the resources of emergency departments, operating rooms, and intensive care units. In addition, management of penetrating injuries is complex and in many ways differs significantly from other forms of trauma. Appropriate management is not always intuitively obvious and may differ from patient to patient. Ballistics is a science that describes the actions of projectiles in flight. Ballistic principles are those of physics and geometry, although when applied to living creatures, biologic principles also are involved. Health care workers who specialize in penetrating trauma often develop an interest in ballistics. Understanding ballistic principles can help us understand and manage victims of firearm injuries. However, incorrect application of ballistic principles or assimilation of half-truths or an abundance of misinformation about ballistics may actually be worse than having no knowledge whatsoever.


Traditional knowledge and Ayurveda in India is bein g used since time immemorial to cure dreadful disea ses and now has been recognized internationally. Plants are known to have many antimicrobial properties. In India, use of medicinal plants has been known since the Vedic per iod. The various plants used in the experiment have numerous medicinal properties. Research in this field is hig hly important because it has various benefits. Thes e include lower incidences of adverse reactions to plant products a s compared to pharmaceutical products and lower cos ts of drugs. The two plants used were Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem( Azadirachta indica). The extracts of the two plants were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, a gram p ositive coccal bacteria. Based on a disk diffusion method, the antimicrobial activity of the plants was tested. Th e zone of inhibition of neem was found to be more t han tulsi. This study is thus successful in identifying plants with different antimicrobial activity, so that they can be further exploited for isolation and characterisation to tre at various harmful and infectious diseases, especia lly due to prevalence of drug resistant microbes and the need to produce more effective and lethal microbial agen ts.


Painful left bundle branch block is a rarely diagnosed chest pain syndrome. This syndrome is caused by intermittent, frequency-dependent LBBB in the absence of myocardial ischemia. Its prevalence, mechanism, detailed electrocardiographic features and effective treatments are still not well understood. With this case report, the author describes the clinical course of an athlete undergoing competitive sports pre-participation screening that led to the diagnosis of painful left bundle branch block syndrome.


In Korea, cases have arisen where home buyers have requested "defect liability" on an apartment with a lack of sunlight on the grounds of structural or environmental problems. In Japanese precedents related to the lack of sunlight as a "latent defect", it was decided that sufficient sunlight itself affects an apartment's negotiated price. Thus, landlords should guarantee advertised sufficient sunlight. It was concluded that the Japanese courts have taken a passive attitude on such liability, as they have not strictly enforced judgments and the Supreme Court as yet to clarify its position.


Abstract : This report covers the period from October 1, 1987 through September 30, 1988, the first year under the contract. The objective of this effort is to define and evaluate new approaches to two-dimensional arrays of reconfigurable optical interconnections for optical computing. The emphasis is on optically controlled optical beam directors or switches which can be fabricated into high density 2-D arrays. The proposed applications in optical neural computers and other types of optical computers require reconfiguration speeds on the order of microseconds. The emphasis is therefore on devices and nonlinear optical materials with response times of microseconds but with the potential for high packing density. The approach to this research has two components: i. nonlinear optical materials; and ii. optically controlled optical switching devices which can be integrated into 2-D arrays. The materials work stresses the transport assisted optical nonlinear materials since this is the only class of materials which exhibit a sufficiently large nonlinearity, in the response time required, and with a relatively low optical energy required. In these materials, optically excited electric charge is separated by an electric field to create a space charge field which reduces the total electric field.


In this paper,the charge distribution on the isolated conductor is discussed by logical reasoning and specific calculation.The relationship between the conductor surface charge density and surface curvature is further investigated.The results show that conductor surface charge density is not proportional to the surface curvature.


The Vela pulsar has been monitored almost daily since 1985 using the HartRAO 26 m antenna. During this time ten large glitches have been observed. In 1994 the Vela pulsar experienced two large glitches (Δν/ν = 8.61×10−7 and Δν/ν = 1.99×10−7) separated by only 32 days. The event is accompanied by typical transients in rotation frequency derivative (ν) although all of the long‐term offset occurs at the first event and the rapidly‐decaying transient is only seen with the second spin‐up. We discuss the unique features of these glitches and show that they do not seem to fit in with the widely accepted creep theory of post‐glitch recovery.


A modular system is presented for handling design data, centered around the relational DBMS Ingres, taking advantage of a very careful database schema generation and of the use of software modules to comply with the specific requirements of design data. This work is mainly concerned with one of these modules, called LIPS, which enables the system to handle design data local to an application program with a high level query language, interactive level performances and the ability to support complex design objects. LIPS is composed of two programs: a schema analyzer and a precompiler, and its query language (Loquel) must be embedded in Pascal source code.