To complete our previous studies on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) absolute oil to introduce it as a new sources of essential oils under Egyptian conditions so, this study focused on the effect of fertilization combined with growth regulator on the flowers and absolute oil yield of carnation. Three level of fertilization treatments were used. A recommended fertilization dose was applied as a basic levels (BL = 1.5 g N + 2.25 g K2O / m 2.) . Two other treatments, as a low level of fertilization, (LL =BL – 1⁄4 dose of BL) and a high level of fertilization (HL) =BL + 1⁄4 dose of BL) were applied. The application of fertilizer was carried out successively every month. The two growth regulators substances were used in this experiment which, two concentrations of growth retardant (cycocel CCC) as 2000 and 3000 ppm and one dose of gibberellic acid (GA3) as 100 ppm. were applied at monthly interval starting on 10 th November. The treatment for the combined between CCC (2000 ppm) X GA3 (100 ppm) were alternately sprayed also on month intervals. Alternative sprays of growth retardant (CCC) and growth regulators (GA3 )was a promising practices in rising the carnation flowers yield especially with using the high level of fertilization. Using basic level of fertilization combined with CCC2 gave the highest percentage of absolute oil compared with the other treatments. Eugenol and benzyl benzoate were found as the main components of carnation absolute essential oil from Egypt. Received 07 Sp 2016, Revised 12 Oct 2016, Accepted 16 Oct 2016


This research was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education/the National Science Center Grant No. 2011/02/A/ST3/00152. The experiments have partially been performed within the laboratory infrastructure financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Grant No. 6167/IA/119/2012.


The N-Star satellite Ku/S antenna system consists of the main shaped reflector, frequency selective subreflector FSS, the S-band helices, and the Ku-band corrugated feed horn. The Ku/S subreflector consists of a planar frequency selective surface which is transmissive at the S-band, and reflective at the Ku-band. The analysis and design procedure, as well as the performance of the frequency selective subreflector, are presented.


Abstract A study was conducted to compare the travel times, detection probabilities, and survival of migrant hatchery-reared yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha tagged with either gastrically or surgically implanted sham radio tags (with an imbedded passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag) with those of their cohorts tagged only with PIT tags in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Juvenile chinook salmon with gastrically implanted radio tags migrated significantly faster than either surgically radio-tagged or PIT-tagged fish, while migration rates were similar among surgically radio-tagged and PIT-tagged fish. The probabilities of PIT tag detection at downstream dams varied by less than 5% and were not significantly different among the three groups. Survival was similar among treatments for median travel times of less than approximately 6 d (migration distance of 106 km). However, for both gastrically and surgically radio-tagged fish, survival was significantly less than for PIT-tagged fish, for ...


South Korea is seeking to promote the supply of renewable energy through its 3020 renewable energy policy. Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard(RPS) is a system that grants electricity suppliers with a mandatory supply of renewable energy in order to promote the supply of renewable energy, and supply of renewable energy is certificated by issuing Renewable Energy Certificate(REC). The solar PV generation business is long-term business and owners make profits such as System Marginal Price(SMP) and REC through solar PV generation. It is necessary to consider the fluctuation of SMP and the price of REC in order to determine the feasibility of solar PV generation business from the perspective of the owners. Therefore, the economic evaluation of solar PV generation business from the perspective of the owners is conducted applying price fluctuation scenarios of SMP and the price of REC. Through the economic evaluation of solar PV generation business, the owners decides whether to implement the business and the policy maker can decide the appropriate policy direction.


Some generalizations of the fixed point theorems of Mohanta [1], Mustafa and Sims [2] and of Vats et al [7] are proved, under a new class Φ α of auxiliary functions. Also, G-contractive fixed points are obtained for some contraction type conditions.


We analyze the two possible ways of simulating complex systems with cellular automata: by using the familiar timewise updating or by using the complementary spacewise updating. Both updating algorithms operate on identical sets of initial conditions defining the state of the automaton. While timewise growth generally probes just vanishingly small sets of initial conditions producing statistical samples of the asymptotic attractors, spacewise growth operates with much restricted sets which allow one to simulate them all, exhaustively. Our main result is the derivation of an exact analytical formula to quantify precisely one of the two sources of algorithmic complexity of spacewise detection of the complete set of attractors for elementary 1D cellular automata with generic non-periodic architectures of any arbitrary size. The formula gives the total number of initial conditions that need to be investigated to locate rigorously all possible patterns for any given rule. As simple applications, we illustrate how this knowledge may be used (i) to uncover missing patterns in previous classifications in the literature and (ii) to obtain surprisingly novel patterns that are totally unreachable with the time-honored technique of artificially imposing spatially periodic boundary conditions.


Abstract : In the optoacoustic effect, optical energy is adsorbed by a medium and converted to translational energy, creating an acoustic signal. In most liquids, the conversion process takes place very rapidly (ps or fs) and the nonradiative decay time is much shorter than the resulting acoustic signal. Theories have been developed, based purely on geometrical considerations, which accurately predict the optoacoustic signal in such cases. The results show that for a short pulse of optical energy the time dependence of the acoustic pressure is determined by the size and shape of the excitation zone. This research was concerned with the actual energy transfer process and how variations in the process which exist from one liquid to another will affect the optoacoustic signal. The purpose of this study was to observe the optoacoustic signal in a situation where nonradiative decay is slow enough to compete with the geometry of the excitation zone in determining the time dependence of the acoustic pressure, and to develop a model to predict the signal in such a situation.


man suffering from phthisis, whose temperature was high, he found, that, by spraying about a pint of water at between 6o0 and 7o0 F. oVer his body, the temperature fell to normal, and continued so for several hours. Again, a similar method was satisfactorily applied in the case of a girl with diphtheria. In the healthy humuan subject, according to the Lancet, the spray lowered the temperature nearly two degrees, and, in animals which had been put into a condition of septic pyrexia by injections of bacteria, the temperature was reduced to normal by the spray. By keeping healthy guinea-pigs and rabbits some hours under spray, and using from half a pint to a pint of water at the temperature of the room (440 to62°), the temperature of the animals fell several degrees. DEATHBY ELECTRICITY. At the meeting of the MedicoLegal Society held in this city Nov.20. Dr. Phillip E. Donlin, deputy coroner, who read a paper on " The Pathology of Death by Electricity," in the course of which he said, "The popularidea that the electrical current passes along the nerves and produces shock by conducting the current to the brain, is, as you know, fallacious. Our knowledge of the great electrical conductive power of water, and the experiments of Dr. Richardson, which show the still greater electrical conductive power of blood, would lead one to suppose and, in fact, it is proved by the greater damage done to the most vascular organs of the body that the blood is the great conductor of electricity; and that in all cases of exposure to the electric current the blood is the first to suffer, and the nervecentres and cells the last. Unquestionably our knowledge of the manner of death points out clearly, that, when death is not on the moment produced by the shock of the current, it must be produced by the electric current's action (conducted by the blood) upon the ganglia of the heart, causing spasm of the heart muscle, emptying the ventricles, and abnormally forcibly propelling the charge(d and 'fluid blood to the periphery, producing hyperaemic ecchymosis in Lhe most vascular portions of the most vascular organs. Where death is not instantaneous, it must be produced by disorganization of the blood, interference with the circulation causing engorgement of some vital vascular organ. The lungs being the most vascular, death usually results from asphyxia either through the unoxygenated condition of the blood, or hyperaemia of these organs." In reply to a question as to Ihe effect likely to be produced by the infliction of the death penalty by electricity, Dr. Donlin said that the immensity of the power of the machines constructed was such that the purely mechanical result would occasion death. It was possible with those appliances to drive the current of electricity through the tissues with such power as to destroy them, though the amount of power to be emiployed was clearly within the control of the electrician. IS COLORADO'S CLIMATE CHANGING ? -The inhabitants of Denver are asking what is the meaning of the unusual snow-fall and humidity of the past month. The newspapers of that city, as we learn from Medical News, have expressed the opinion that their climate is about to undergo a change, in consequence of surface changes of "building up " and improving the State. The present moist season has been especially disappointing to Eastern people, who have journeyed to Denver to escape the humidity of our seaboard winters. From a letter recently received, a few sentences are quoted: " Snow has fallen each night and morning, but the sun conquers by mid-day, making walking almost impossible. As a usual thing, the inhabitants expect about ten days of inclement weather during winter and spring, and have not looked upon the paving of streets and crossings as at all necessary. But they


Local tracking in clutter initialises and updates true and false tracks. Local false track discrimination uses a track quality measure to confirm most of the true tracks, and to terminate most of the false tracks. Confirmed tracks are transmitted for track-to-track fusion. The sets of tracks being considered for fusion may contain both true and false tracks. The authors assume that each track information also includes the track quality measure in the form of the probability of target existence information. This information is used for additional false track discrimination at the fusion centre. They also use this information to enhance the track-to-track association. They propose three different strategies for track fusion with the target existence information: the `single target', the `joint multitarget' and the `linear multitarget'.


The available type material of Scirtidae described by V. I. Motschulsky was studied. New combinations are proposed for: Hydrocyphon atratus (Cyphon atratus (Motschulsky) comb. nov.), Cyphon affinis (Scirtes affinis (Motschulsky) comb. nov.), and Cyphon ruficollis (Hydrocyphon rufithorax (Gemminger) comb. nov.). Cyphon infuscatus is synonymized with Cyphon flavescens. Cyphon atratus, Cyphon ovalis, Hydrocyphon rufithorax, Cyphon flavescens, Mescirtes gagatinus, Ora nigropunctata, Scirtes axillaris, Scirtes canescens, and Scirtes grandis are redescribed and illustrated; lectotypes and paralectotypes of Cyphon atratus, Scirtes axillaris, and a neotype of Scirtes grandis are designated. Scirtes californicus belongs to Chrysomelidae: Alticinae, and Cyphon pictus to Melyridae: Rhadalinae. The holotype of Scirtes convexiusculus is badly damaged by pests, and reinterpretation of its status is impossible.


As nurses adopt evidence-based practice, they will become involved in a wide range of research projects. This report explores different types of research activity and offers some solutions to the problems of becoming a practitioner-researcher.


* corresponding author. e-mail: email@example.com Bi(NO3)3.5H2O is a bench-top catalyst which is cheap, readily available, eco-friendly, versatile, and efficient for organic reactions. This catalyst was applied for synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes-11-ones in water and SDS. Short reaction times, high yields, a clean process, simple methodology, easy work-up and green conditions are advantages of this protocol.


The principle of synergetics indicates that the development of all systems are followed synergetic axiom.Automotive manufacturing is a complex social system,the supply chain network of which are composed of multi-level automotive suppliers,automotive manufacturers,automotive distributors,retailers and customers,and all segments are in the same synergetic axiom.Applications of synergetics were discussed,especially the applications on supply chain of links in automotive manufacturing.Finally,more extensive foregrounds were showed.


A compact dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) suitable for wideband applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is mainly composed by a notched cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) coated with a metal surface on the top and a finite ground plane where the presented DR is placed. This antenna is very simple in structure and has a very low overall height of at its lowest operation frequency. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out based on Ansoft HFSS to optimize the bandwidth. The proposed antenna has been successfully simulated, optimized, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed design produces an impedance bandwidth of more than 75%, ranging from 2.9 GHz to 6.7 GHz for the reflection coefficient less than −10 dB. In particular, consistent broadside radiation patterns, stable gain, and high radiation efficiency are also obtained within the operation frequency band.


The possibility of modification of mineral extenders with a specific surface of 350 m2/kg with ultraviolet irradiation is considered. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation, the bonds of OH-groups with SiO2 tetrahedra are weakened, that contributes to the formation of extenders of the acid centers of Lewis and Bronsted on the surface. The optimum time of ultraviolet exposure is determined, at which the concentration of active Lewis and Bronsted acid sites on the extenders surface increases by more than 100%. It was found that replacing 10% of cement mass with a modified extenders makes it possible to produce concretes with strength values 20-30% higher than for composites without extenders. Obtaining equal strength concrete is possible with replacing 20% of cement with modified extenders.


Abstract Wind tunnel experiments are described in this paper, aiming to examine the global dynamics of heavy inverted flags, with a specific focus on the underlying mechanism of large-amplitude flapping, which occurs at sufficiently high flow velocities. This problem is of interest because no consensus exists as to the mechanism, specifically whether it is a vortex-induced vibration or a self-excited vibration – the answer being not only of fundamental interest, but also important for energy harvesting applications. The effect of vortex shedding from both leading and trailing edges was investigated via experiments with flags modified by serrations to the leading edge and a long rigid splitter plate at the trailing edge, so as to disrupt leading- and trailing-edge vortices and to inhibit interactions between counter-rotating leading-edge vortices, if they exist. The relatively small quantitative changes in the critical flow velocity, amplitude and frequency of oscillations, as well as the near-identical qualitative behaviour, of plain and modified flags suggests that the global qualitative dynamics of heavy inverted flags is independent of vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edges, i.e. periodic vortex shedding is not the cause but an effect of large-amplitude flapping. Additional experiments showed that the dominant frequencies of flapping and the lift force on the flag are generally not synchronized, and multiple frequencies occur in the lift signal, reinforcing the conclusion that vortex shedding is not the cause of flapping. Our experimental results suggest that self-excited vibration through a fluid-elastic instability, i.e. flutter, is the underlying mechanism for the flapping of heavy inverted flags.


Viral acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the leading cause of work and school absence and antibiotic over‐prescription. There are limited treatment options available to ameliorate the symptoms caused by viral ARS. We have previously demonstrated that topical adenosine treatment enhances mucociliary clearance in the sino‐nasal tract. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of topical adenosine in a mouse model of viral ARS.


— Rare beauty and charm decays can provide powerful probes of physics beyond the Standard Model. These proceedings summarise the latest measurements of rare beauty and charm decays from the LHCb experiment at the end of Run 1 of the LHC. Whilst the majority of the measurements are consistent with SM predictions, small differences are seen in the rate and angular distribution of b → s + − decay processes.


In this paper, the authors have outlined an optimal sequence-based control (SBC) for a fast-switching gallium-nitride- based (GaN-based) isolated PES operating at adjustable 100 kHz- 250 kHz. The choice of the switching frequency is governed by reasonable conducted EMI filter size. Unlike traditional averaged and small signal controllers, SBC aims to perform a device level control of a PES affecting both slow and fast scale evolution of the states of the PES. SBC synthesizes switching sequences that are predictive in nature and can be based on optimal control theory. Notwithstanding, unlike traditional model predictive controllers, SBC does offline stability bound based on Lyapunov approach to come up with a set of feasible control actions that help to reduce the computational burden on industrial scale digital signal processors (DSPs). This is of paramount importance for wide-band gap PES applications due to ever-evolving switching frequencies and switching transitions, that causes predicaments in closing the control-loop every switching cycle. Moreover, via the use of large- signal state observers, this paper shows how SBC helps in decreasing sensor requirements for a higher-order isolated PES supplying reduced damped constant-power load, that makes SBC realizable as an industrial-scale low-cost controller.


PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The aim of the study was to evaluate our seven-year experience with the anatomic, non-constrained SVL/Beznoska implant for total knee replacement.

MATERIAL
A total of 374 cemented total knee replacements, using the SVL/Beznoska implant, were evaluated in 333 patients treated at the First Orthopedic Clinic Charles University in Prague, during a seven-year period. In addition, a patellar replacement was used in five of these patients. Included in the evaluation were also eight non-cemented and hybrid SVL/Beznoska implants used 6 years ago.

METHODS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the results in terms of implant function. Therefore, the longevity of implants was assessed by Kaplan-Meier's survival analysis. Another criterion was the flexion achieved. To be able to compare our clinical results involving the SVL/Beznoska implant with other, foreign types of implants, the patients were evaluated on the basis of the New Jersey Orthopaedics Hospital Knee Evaluation System.

RESULTS
The Kaplan-Meier's survival score was evaluated. The mean maximum flexion achieved in the patients with SVL implants was 107 degrees . The evaluation by the New Jersey Orthopaedics Hospital Knee Evaluation System showed excellent outcomes in 269 (72 %) patients, good outcomes in 79 (21 %) patients, satisfactory in 19 (5 %) and poor in 7 (2 %) patients. There was no mechanical failure of the implant, such as break of an implant or dislocation of a PE component. Six infected implants and four aseptic loosenings were recorded. Three patients diagnosed with an infected total knee replacement had been treated for rheumatoid arthritis for a long time. One patient was on dialysis for renal insufficiency and one had erysipelas.

DISCUSSION
The results of our group with the SVL/Beznoska implant were compared with those obtained from the group of 63 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty with the LCS implant. In these patients, the mean maximum flexion achieved was 105 degrees , and the criteria of the Knee Evaluation System showed excellent outcomes in 81 %, good in 16 % and satisfactory in 3 % of the patients. No unsatisfactory outcome was recorded. Considering the fact that the LCS implant was used only in younger and active patients, the outcomes achieved with the SVL/Beznoska system can be regarded as very good. Of the six patients with infectious complications, three were treated with immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, one was on dialysis for renal insufficiency and one experienced a flare-up of erysipelas.

CONCLUSIONS
The most important outcome of the evaluation of 374 total knee replacements, using the SVL implant carried out at the First Orthopedic Department of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, was the finding of a perfect function of all components in all patients treated. None of the complications occurring in our group was associated with the use of this implant.


LARGELY OVERLOOKED in Collins scholarship, the 1872 novel Poor Miss Finch: A Domestic Story describes the complicated relationships between a young blind woman, Lucilla Finch, and twin brothers, Oscar and Nugent Dubourg. Lucilla's blindness results in her aversion to dark colors, and as she and Oscar fall in love, he must deploy a series of elaborate deceptions in a desperate attempt to keep from her his own dark secret–that his skin has been turned blue by medication prescribed for his epileptic condition. Following an extraordinary operation, Lucilla's eyesight begins to return, and Oscar's carefully guarded secret of blueness threatens to destroy their relationship. The plot of Poor Miss Finch explores the ways in which Oscar hides his blueness from Lucilla as well as the duplicitous function of his twin, Nugent, who stands in for Oscar as Lucilla begins to regain her sight. At every turn, Poor Miss Finch mines issues of identity and investigates the ways in which identity becomes withheld and disclosed–closeted and uncloseted–through a series of spectacular deceptions that enable the keeping of secrets.


S. S. (Case H0251), a 43-year-old Jewish woman, was first admitted to the University Hospital in August 1941, complaining of pain in the right cheek and swelling of the right submaxillary and cervical lymph nodes of eight months' duration. During this illness anorexia and vomiting developed and the patient had lost 30 pounds of weight. For three months there had been a painless lump in the right breast, and for several weeks before admission she had experienced pain in the left shoulder and upper abdomen. The initial physical examination showed a pale, chronically ill female with mild exophthalmos. Careful oral study revealed the presence of soft masses in the right cheek and a possible bulging of the right alveolar ridge. The right breast contained a hard, irregular mass, measuring 5 × 7 cm., not definitely attached to skin or muscle, but adherent to the areola (Fig. 1A). There was a mass in the right axilla the size of a walnut. The left breast contained a smaller mass in the upper outer quadrant (Fig. ...


Urea has been fed in ruminant rations for more than 100 yr. Its use in dairy cattle rations has fluctuated with protein and urea prices, with various values used in different formulation systems, and with mixed to negative experiences in experiments and field situations. In many studies, rations were not isocaloric when urea was added, and intake reduction occurred because of high dietary levels of urea. Some studies concluded that cows disliked the flavor or odor of urea, or that there was some metabolic component. A series of studies revealed that cows did not dislike the flavor or odor of urea per se, that they could identify different levels of urea in rations, that they developed a conditioned negative aversion to urea when urea was fed at higher levels and for several exposures, and that 135 g/cow daily did not reduce DMI. In older studies, and in even more recent ones, this level of urea intake has been exceeded by 50 and up to 300% with a corresponding DMI decrease, even when fed in TMR. Urea use has also been limited because of in vitro studies showing no benefit to adding urea if ammonia levels are at 5 mg/mL or dietary CP is at 13%. However, several in vivo and in situ studies have shown the optimal rumen ammonia level to be between 17 and 25 mg/mL when DM disappearance and nonammonia-N flow are the determining measurements. Several studies have shown that oils, especially more unsaturated oils, defaunate or reduce protozoa, which can increase microbial protein synthesis efficiency but reduce DMI. In one study, the authors speculated that addition of urea could be beneficial to counteract reduced rumen ammonia and pH. Although there is some belief that addition of urea to higher nitrate-containing diets exacerbates the situation, studies do not support this contention. A large-scale field study and a long-term feeding study did not show any meaningful negative effects on reproduction when feeding urea. Synchronizing rumen N available with carbohydrate fermentation has a theoretical benefit, but a recent review found this did not occur, most likely because of N recycling and because of the adaptability of rumen microorganisms to asynchronous N and energy supply. Various commercially processed urea products have been developed, but few studies have been published showing that the processing and feeding objectives were achieved. Adding urea sources to ensiled forages has increased final N content and reduced protein degradation of the silage. When urea was also added in the concentrate, no negative effects were seen if total supplemental NPN was less than 20% of total dietary N. Classic ammonia toxicity from too much dietary urea being provided in a short period is most closely related to rumen pH because urea hydrolysis elevates rumen pH, which then allows more rapid absorption of the now greater levels of rumen ammonia into the blood. Traditional recommendations for feeding urea to dairy cows have been excessive. More reasonable recommendations would be for not more than 1% in the concentrate, approximately 135 g/cow daily, and not more than 20% of total dietary CP coming from added urea-NPN sources.


An FTIR study of the effect of hydration as a function of relative humidity on the structurally different xylooligosaccharide models is presented. The IR spectral pattern changes are strongly affected by the type and position of the glycosidic linkages and reflects the hydration properties of the models. © 1998 SCI.


Impedance Controlled, coplanar waveguide system for three-dimensional distribution of signals of high bandwidth, consisting of at least one coplanar waveguide and which is integrated into the multilayer circuit boards, characterized in that the coplanar waveguide (2) with its associated ground conductors (3, 4) through between at least two or interrupted insulating layers (5, 6) in which the interstices with gases, liquids or vacuum filled, the multilayer circuit substrate is arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically and the top and bottom of the multilayer circuit carrier with full-surface or partially closed (perforated / lattice-like), electrically conductive layers (7, 8) is provided and on the two other opposite sides of the multilayered circuit substrate electrically conductive vias (9, 10) are provided as electric walls, said ground lines (3, 4) electrically conductive layers (7, 8) and vias (9, 10) circumferentially are electrically connected and the waveguide impedance over the conductor width, the conductor height or head shape, the distance between these conductive coplanar layers (2, 3, 4), as well as the dielectric constants of the insulating substrate layers ...


In order to improve the heading technology level,construction rate and construction efficiency in the mine rock roadway,a method with practices-summarization-improvement was applied to introduce and analyze the related technology application and improvements in Hebei Jinniu Company.The analysis results showed that relevant progress and good achievements were obtained in the smooth blasting with medium and deep boreholes,the mechanical rock breaking and mechanized operation line.The results showed that the smooth blasting technology with medium and deep boreholes would not only be easy for the bolt and shotcreting support and reduce the failure to the surrounding rocks,but also could improve the stability of the mine roadway.The rational mechanized operation line for the mine different cross section and different lithology roadways could highly improve the excavation speed and efficiency.The application of the bucket loader and the temporary rock bunker could improve the rock loading efficiency,reduce the face operation time and well have a parallel operation of the excavation,support and transportation.


This paper discusses the position and function of the small towns in the fields of regional scale, land use; development motive; amalgamation of township and town and as well as the protection of farmer's interests.


To-day few clinicians doubt the efficacy of penicillin as the sole curative agent in the treatment of syphilis, and the wide range of arsenical and bismuth preparations at one time available have virtually disappeared from the pharmaceutical market. The first few sailors to be given penicillin for syphilis were treated by Mahoney, Arnold, and Harris (1943), which event was followed by numerous reports of phenomenal success on a wider scale (e.g. Sternberg and Leifer, 1947; and see Moore 1947). The difficulty created by the less successful results which were due to the varying amounts of the G fraction present in the earlier amorphous penicillins (U.S. Public Health Service, 1946) was successfully resolved by the isolation and production of crystalline (benzyl) penicillin G and by the introduction of repository preparations: penicillin in oil-beeswax (Romansky and Rittman, 1945), procaine penicillin (Buckwalter and Dickison, 1948), and procaine penicillin in oil with aluminium monostearate (PAM) and benzathine penicillin. The success of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis has since continued uninterrupted, and to-day there is no sign that T. pallidum is less sensitive to the antibiotic; allergic reactions, although occasionally troublesome in individual cases, offer no major obstacle to the routine treatment of the disease provided proper precautions are taken (W.H.O., 1960). Acceptance of penicillin alone for the treatment of a chronic and serious disease like syphilis was much slower in Europe than in other parts of the world. In many centres for some years a course of old style neo-arsphenamine and bismuth was given in addition to penicillin. Then, as severe toxic reactions continued to occur with the arsenical compounds, these were omitted, and for a time treatment with penicillin was followed by a course of bismuth injections.


The low-energy band structure of Bernal-stacked hexlayer graphene was investigated by the measuring transport properties of high-mobility graphene samples equipped with a top and a bottom gate electrode at low temperature and in a magnetic field. By analyzing the Landau fan diagram, it was found that the hexlayer graphene consisted of three different bilayer-like bands that overlap and form a semimetal. The electronic band structure was significantly influenced by the perpendicular electric field generated by the top and bottom gate voltages. The Not fan diagram shows splitting of zero-mode Landau levels, while also the top and bottom gate voltage dependence of the resistivity at zero magnetic field shows ridge-like structure, similar to the one recently found in tetralayer graphene. It is shown that the ridge structure originates from the band structure of the Bernalstacked hexlayer graphene. Most of the ridges originate from the bottoms of the bilayer-like bands, and a few ridges originate from the energy gap structures which locally close due to trigonal warping and expected to form mini-Dirac cones.


Designing exeriences of high-pressure sizing technology applied to different products have been summarized in this paper through practical production examples of the application of high-pressure sizing technology on high speed loom,which is of some guiding significance for the production.


Understanding Physics term accurately is exceedingly essential in supporting the achievement of Physics learning objectives. Android-based software has many advantages starting from a large number of users, practicality, to the ease in the spread of the application as a means of pinning learning media. The purpose of this study was to develop an Android-based physics glossary. The research steps referred to the Four-D (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The finished product has been declared valid and practical by material experts, media experts, and teachers. The product's validity value was 4.25 and categorised as "excellent" while the practicality score was 4.53 and categorised as "excellent". The product testing was carried out through three stages, namely One-to-One Trial involving 3 students, Small-Scale Trial including 12 students, and Field Trial involving 28 students. The developed product, "Physics Glossary", is in an Application Package File (.apk) format and has been published so that it can be downloaded for free through the Google Play Store. The glossary was designed interactively, making it easier for users to search for physical terms and explanations. Another plus is that the application includes explanations in two languages, Indonesian and English.


A problem central to the study of mycoplasma has been the classification of strains and the identification of isolates from clinical material. Several serologic approaches to the identification of mycoplasma have been employed by laboratories in recent years. These approaches have permitted the recognition of new species of mycoplasma which were indistinguishable from established species in biologic properties. Recently we developed a new serologic technique which can be used for identification of mycoplasrna and for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology. It is based upon Jensen's observation that specific antiserum inhibited the reduction of tetrazoliurn by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in broth medium.' We modified Jensen's method by incorporating substrates such as glucose, arginine, or urea in the medium as indicators of mycoplasma growth.In this manner, antibody for all of the human mycoplasma species and many of the animal strains can now be measured by metabolic-inhibition (MI) techniques. Metabolic-inhibition Techniques. Strains of "classical" mycoplasma can be divided into two groups on the basis of whether or not they produce acid from carbohydrates. Acid production causes an acid shift in the pH of the medium. Almost all of the non-acid-producing strains metabolize the amino acid arginine with the release of ammonia into the medium and a concomitant alkaline shift in the pH. Acid or alkaline pH shift can be visualized by the incorporation of phenol red in the medium. In our tests, Haflick's medium6 supplemented with glucose was adjusted initially to pH 7.8, whereas medium supplemented with arginine was adjusted to pH 7.0. Specific antiserum inhibited metabolism of the mycoplasma and prevented an acid or alkaline shift in pH. The highest dilution of antiserum which prevented pH change (color change) was considered 8s the MI antibody end point. For maximum sensitivity, it was necessary to record the MI antibody titer when controls containing mycoplasma but not antiserum had changed approximately 0.5 pH unit, The MI titer of immune serum was not related to the size of the mycoplasma inoculum if the titer was recorded when


At present,deep geological disposal scheme is widely accepted for high level radioactive waste disposal in the world.The precondition of high level radioactive waste safe disposal for this scheme is to select a feasible site.The feasibility of a site mainly depends on the hydrogeological conditions.A potential site for high level radioactive waste disposal needs very low-permeability rock body to isolate the waste.The use of classical and conventional methods is limited for the research of very low-permeability rock body.But isotope hydrology techniques can be particularly valuable when used in conjunction with other hydrogeological methods.This paper,taking Jijicao preselected site of high level radioactive waste disposal repository in our country at present stage as an example,mainly studied the isotopic methods used in site hydrogeological research in granite body.According to the environmental isotopic component characteristics of groundwater in different depths and combined with hydrogeological conditions,the origin of groundwater was recognized and the main factors controlling the velocity of groundwater movement and alternation in the site was explored.The results show that 14~C age of deep groundwater in the area can reach about 8000years which indicates the deep groundwater movement and alternation is very slow.But the deep groundwater also contains some tritium which indicates it is recharged mainly by"old water" coming from lateral flow and the"new water"recharged from infiltration of local rainfall if little in the deep groundwater.In addition,through comparison of 14~C age of deep groundwater with percentage of core recovery of water sampling section in the boreholes,it is known that the factor controlling the velocity of groundwater movement and alternation in the granite body in the site area is fissure characteristics,but not


Abstract Potential resistance to the twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), was evaluated among 56 turfgrass genotypes. Greenhouse, laboratory, and field bioassays identified differences in spittlebug survival and development, host preference and damage levels, and turfgrass tolerance to and ability to recover from pest induced injury. All centipede grasses demonstrated high levels of susceptibility, followed by bermudagrasses, seashore paspalums, and zoysiagrasses. Average nymphal survival to the adult stage ranged from 1.5 to 78.1%. Development required 38.1–62.0 d under greenhouse conditions, depending on plant taxa. Among seashore paspalums, nymphal survival to the adult stage was lowest and duration of development was longest on HI-1, 'Sea Isle 2000', 561-79, and 'Mauna Kea'. Reduced spittlebug survival and increased developmental times were also observed on the bermudagrasses BERPC 91–15 and 'Tifway'. Although zoysiagrasses supported spittlebug development and survival to the adult stage, developmental times were extended on the zoysiagrass cultivars 'Emerald' and 'El Toro'. Spittlebug preference varied with generation evaluated. First-generation spittlebugs inflicted the greatest damage on TC201 (centipede grass), 'Primavera' (bermudagrass), and 'Emerald' (zoysiagrass) in choice tests. In the fall, second-generation spittlebugs damaged TC201 (centipedegrass) and 'Sea Isle 1' (paspalum) most severely, whereas 561-79 (paspalum) and 'Emerald'(zoysiagrass) were less severely affected. Among taxa included in field trials, HI-1, 'Mauna Kea', 'Sea Isle 2000',and AP-14 paspalums, 'Tifway' bermudagrass, and 'Emerald' zoysiagrass were most tolerant (demonstrated the best regrowth potential following twolined spittlebug feeding).


Pecina v Borstu cave is situated in the karst area of Matarsko podolje in the south-west part of Slovenia. The cave was formed in Upper Cretaceous limestone which is in some parts of the cave extremely weathered. We have analysed samples from three different microenvironments in this cave: silver flashing droplets, water from a small pond and weathered limestone bedrock of the cave wall. In the water sample approximately 104 colony forming units (CFU) per millilitre were detected, whereas the weathered limestone contained approximately 106 CFU per millilitre. Fluorescent pseudomonads were found in all three environments. In the silver droplets a single species of a fluorescent pseudomonad was isolated. The bacterial flora in other two environments was more diverse; Gram negative nonfermentative bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from both samples. The water contained also violet pigmented bacteria and Gram positive cocci.


Theory of scientific outlook on development is not only CCP's ruling theory,but also the guiding ideology of environmental crime control. The environmental crime has following characteristics:administrative subordination,moral reprehension,advantages and disadvantages all in one, and technological development.Based on the contradiction characteristics of environmental crime,applying scientific outlook on development theory to carry out environmental crime control has quite theoretical value.


An analysis of the tuberculin reactions of 250 patients has been presented. The greater the reaction to tuberculin, the more likely is it that the patient has tuberculosis, active or inactive. In patients known to be tuberculous, and who react to 1 T.U., the less the degree of sensitivity, the greater the possibility that the disease is active. Of the tuberculous patients, 98.6% reacted to 5 T.U. or less. Complete tuberculin anergy was demonstrated in one patient. The writer is indebted to Dr. J. E. Hiltz, Superintendent of the Nova Scotia Sanatorium, for encouragement with the program and assistance in the preparation of this paper.


Author(s): Aragon, Tomas J. | Abstract: Public health principles are based on promoting dignity, equity and compassion for all. San Francisco has made great strides towards "Getting to Zero" HIV infections, deaths, and stigma. However, we face new challenges with persons who inject drugs (PWID), and increases in substance use disorder, mental illness, and homelessness. Residents and visitors are concerned about (a) an increase in people injecting drugs in public and (b) an increase in discarded syringes on the streets of San Francisco. Some have asked whether syringe access programs are distributing too many syringes, and whether this poses a health risk to the general public. This brief reviews the science behind syringe access programs and how they protect the public's health. To protect the public's health, San Francisco's deploys a collective impact approach to (a) reduce syringe sharing, infection, and disease prevalence (by syringe access); (b) reduce contact with discarded syringes (by syringe disposal and recovery); and (c) prevent and reduce needlestick injury harms (occupational safety and health).


The efficient calculation of the global phase equilibrium behavior of asymmetric n-alkane / nalkane binary mixtures, in wide ranges of conditions, is relevant for understanding wax deposition phenomena. In this work, we propose and explore the use of path-following methods for tracking entire solid-fluid (SF) and solid-fluid-fluid (SFF) equilibrium curves for binary asymmetric mixtures. Our case studies are the highly asymmetric systems: Methane (C1) / n-Eicosane (C20) [1], Methane (C1) / n-Tetracosane (C24) [2] and Methane (C1) / nTriacontane (C30) [3]. We obtained complete SFF equilibrium lines and SF equilibrium isopleths, isobars and isotherms, in single runs, by using the continuation approach, which makes possible to define robust calculation algorithms. The construction of SF lines takes advantage of information corresponding to SFF lines, generated previously. We also introduce in this work a modeling approach which pays close attention to the limit where the pure heavy component is under solid-liquid equilibrium conditions. The model assumes that the solid phase is only formed by the pure heavy component, and does not consider polymorphic transformations. For describing the fluid phases we use the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS). Although the model is relatively simple, it is able to grasp the complex observed behavior for the studied systems.


We present a simple and robust construction of a real-time quantum random number generator (QRNG). Our minimalist approach ensures stable operation of the device as well as its simple and straightforward hardware implementation as a stand-alone module. As a source of randomness the device uses measurements of time intervals between clicks of a single-photon detector. The obtained raw sequence is then filtered and processed by a deterministic randomness extractor, which is realized as a look-up table. This enables high speed on-the-fly processing without the need of extensive computations. The overall performance of the device is around 1 random bit per detector click, resulting in 1.2 Mbit/s generation rate in our implementation.


Contents: Introduction Part I Problems and Aims: What is jurisprudence about? Theories, definitions, concepts, or conceptions of law?, Michael D. Bayles General jurisprudence: a 25th anniversary essay, Leslie Green Leaving the Hart-Dworkin debate, Keith Culver The methodology of jurisprudence: 30 years off the point, Andrew Halpin Ways of understanding diversity among theories of law, Michael Giudice. Part II Issues of Semantics and Epistemology: Two views of the nature of the theory of law: a partial comparison, Joseph Raz Jurisprudence and necessity, Danny Priel Jurisprudence as practical philosophy, Gerald J. Postema Beyond the Hart/Dworkin debate: the methodology problem in jurisprudence, Brian Leiter. Part III Perspectives on Morality in the Theory of Law: Hart's postscript and the character of political philosophy, Ronald Dworkin Law and what I truly should decide, John Finnis Concepts of law, Liam Murphy Methodology in jurisprudence: a critical survey, Julie Dickson. Part IV Issues of Scope and Concepts: Transnational communities and the concept of law, Roger Cotterrell Have concepts, will travel: analytical jurisprudence in a global context, William Twining Socio-legal positivism and a general jurisprudence, Brian Z. Tamanaha Doin' the transsystemic: legal systems and legal traditions, H. Patrick Glenn Name index.


The authors examine the circuitry of transducers of alternative current into direct current with devices to protect valve group against overvoltage which are applied in electric transport. They propose a circuit design to protect valve group against overvoltage in transducers with ring valve structures. The recommendations on application of these protections are given.


This paper presents a method for resolving contact in dynamic simulations of articulated figures. It is intended for humanoids with polygonal feet and incorporates Coulomb friction exactly. The proposed technique is based on a constraint selection paradigm. Its implementation offers an exact mode which guarantees correct behavior, as well as an efficiency optimized mode which sacrifices accuracy for a tightly bounded computational burden, thus facilitating batch simulations or the use of highly detailed foot models. The method has been applied to the simulation of two humanoid robots, CB and Hoap-2, and validated with respect to human and robot motions recorded in reality and in simulation. The friction parameters of contact have also been established empirically. I. INTRODUCTION Biped locomotion is a complex mechanism, highly de- pendant on the ground reaction forces exerted under the feet, which support the whole body and are essential in balancing and control. 3D environments often require ac- curate replication of such forces for the sake of visual realism. The fidelity of contact simulation is of even greate r importance for humanoid robot platforms (5), (6) where simulation interfaces provide roboticists with prelimina ry results, prior to testing with a real robot, that are relied u pon to guide the manual modification of control patterns, perfor m comparative tests and train learning systems in a safe and speedy manner. As such, these interfaces enable researchers to develop controllers off-line or gather feedback data wit h a high confidence that identical behaviors will result when controllers re-used in reality. This paper presents a Coulomb friction contact algorithm intended for simulating ground contact within the humanoid robot platform developed by Hale et al. (4). The method yields accurate ground reaction forces, validated against real force-plate measurements, and can be used to implement an interface to a real or simulated robot transparently. It han dles the friction cone exactly and utilizes precise physical dat a specific to ground contact, such as the center of pressure of the feet. Our implementation also facilitates switching between two complementary decision-making components, thus offering a straightforward trade-off between accuracy and speed, as suited to usage requirements.


Both Chinese and Thai culture are of long standing and well established.The exchange in catering culture is the key part of bilateral exchanges.Thai catering cultural features can be appreciated through studies on Thailand in terms of its meal system,its cuisines and Thai-style SPA,etc.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of the mobile artificial ophthalmus combining the autologous deep fascia transplantation.Methods 19 cases(19 eyes)the mobile artificial ophthalmus combining the autologous deep fascia transplantation patients were divided into two operation methodsⅠ-stage implantation of 10 cases,Ⅱ-stage implantation of 9 cases.follow-up observation of the mobile artificial ophthalmus exclusion、 exposure、 infections、artificial ophthalmus displacement and artificial ophthalmus vascularized.Results In 19 patients,the conjunctiva wasⅠ-stage healing and found no rejection、exposure、 infections and eye-displacement;17 cases eyeball movement were excellent in four different direction,2 cases of eye movement than poor and found no eyeball fixed.Conclusion In the absence of autologous sclera parcels,the mobile artificial ophthalmus combining the autologous deep fascia transplantation is an important way to reduce surgical complications.


In this paper, a magneto-inductive wave generated in a chain of LC resonators fabricated with Ni-Zn ferrite cores and chip capacitors is presented. RF signal propagates to neighbor resonator one by one as a consequence of the magnetical coupling between two resonators in the device. The magnetical coupling is due to the mutual inductances along the chain of resonators. So, the signal amplitude (? coupling intensity) is dependent of the mutual inductance which can be adjusted by applied magnetic field. In order to demonstrate the device, some experiments have been carried out systemically. The transmission characteristics of a magneto-inductive wave could be controlled by applied external magnetic field. The device composed of 5 resonators; the center frequencies were estimated to be 32 MHz and 38 MHz with the external magnetic flux density of 75 Oe and 222 Oe, respectively. We expect that the reported results could open a promising way to a high variety of applications in one- and two-dimensional functional devices, such as transducers, delay lines, power dividers and couplers.


In this article, I begin by presenting how a Greek song erupted within the flow of my everyday existence and allowed me to reconnect with past trauma, grief and psychic pain. Operating in a register which is different from that of symbolic language, and yet always already within it, music enables productive encounters with trauma and loss in everyday life. I then continue exploring the connections between music and language by employing Kristeva's notions of 'chora' and the 'semiotic', which place the 'musicality' of language, its rhythm and tonality, and pitch and timbre at the centre of the analyst's attention. I finish by referring to the work of Ogden who argues that both poetry/music and certain analytic sessions seem to generate powerful resonances and cacophonies of sound and meaning.


Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of docetaxel-loaded lecithin nanoparticles in rats.Methods Marketed docetaxel injections were intravenously administered to rats at a dose of 20 μg/g.Docetaxel solution or docetaxel-loaded lecithin nanoparticles was administered orally at a single dose of 20 μg/g.HPLC method was applied to determine the plasma concentration of docetaxel.Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of docetaxel-loaded lecithin nanoparticles were investigated in rats after oral administration.Results After single oral administration of docetaxel-loaded lecithin nanoparticles,the calculated Cmax was(116.19±28.58) pg/L,tmax was 1 h,MRT was(5.60±0.34) h and AUC was(490.74±37.28) h·pg·L-1.The oral bioavailability of docetaxel-loaded lecithin nanoparticles was 3.65 times of that of docetaxel solution.Conclusion The lecithin nanoparticles can significantly improve the oral bioavailability of docetaxel.


Livestock husbandry is usually the major and sometimes unique agricultural resource of non-desert dry lands; these represent some 11% of the land mass of the planet. Because of the nature of the climate, livestock husbandry undergoes a number of ecological constraints that interfere with limiting factors of an other nature. Some of the constraints may be mitigated or even removed through appropriate management strategies of both rangeland and herds/flocks. The degree to which such strategies may be efficiently operational depends on the nature and strength of the other constraints, particularly societal. The present article attempts to show the production potential of arid rangelands with their possibility and limits in terms of development via such strategies.


We report the detection and successful modeling of the unusual 9.7 μm Si–O stretching silicate emission feature in the type 1 (i.e., face-on) LINER nucleus of M81. Using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) instrument on Spitzer, we determine the feature in the central 230 pc of M81 to be in strong emission, with a peak at ∼10.5 μm. This feature is strikingly different in character from the absorption feature of the galactic interstellar medium, and from the silicate absorption or weak emission features typical of galaxies with active star formation. We successfully model the high signal-to-noise ratio IRS spectra with porous silicate dust using laboratory-acquired mineral spectra. We find that the most probable fit uses micron-sized, porous grains of amorphous silicate and amorphous carbon. In addition to silicate dust, there is weak polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission present (particularly at 11.3 μm, arising from the C–H out-of-plane bending vibration of relatively large PAHs of ∼500–1000 C atoms) whose character reflects the low-excitation active galactic nucleus environment, with some evidence that small PAHs of ∼100–200 C atoms (responsible for the 7.7 μm C–C stretching band) in the immediate vicinity of the nucleus have been preferentially destroyed. Analysis of the infrared fine structure lines confirms the LINER character of the M81 nucleus. Four of the infrared H2 rotational lines are detected and fit to an excitation temperature of T ∼ 800 K. Spectral maps of the central 230 pc in the [Ne ii] 12.8 μm line, the H2 17 μm line, and the 11.3 μm PAH C–H bending feature reveal arc- or spiral-like structures extending from the core. We also report on epochal photometric and spectroscopic observations of M81, whose nuclear intensity varies in time across the spectrum due to what is thought to be inefficient, sub-Eddington accretion onto its central black hole. We find that, contrary to the implications of earlier photometry, the nucleus has not varied over a period of two years at these infrared wavelengths to a precision of about 1%.


A molecular dynamics calculation of argon in NaCaA zeolite at 393 K and 1 atom per cage is reported. Equilibrium properties such as guest–host interaction energy, guest–guest dimerization and bonding energy, various guest–host and guest–guest radial distribution functions and dynamical properties such as the mean-square displacement, power spectra and diffusion coefficient have been obtained.


There is a need to synchronize images of the vocal folds photographed by ultra‐high‐speed photography with representations of the acoustic signals generated by the larynx. This paper is a report of a system that provides such synchronization and of its application to investigations of voice production. This technique involves the simultaneous identification, during high‐speed photography, of a single instant of time on (a) an oscillographic trace of the acoustic wave from the larynx, (b) a single image of the vocal folds, (c) an oscillographic trace of a 5000‐cps timing signal, and (d) a magnetic recording of the vocal sound. [Work supported by the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.]


With the population of older Americans on the rise, the burden of chronic health conditions, functional decline, and diminished independence place an unprecedented strain on the resources of individuals, family members, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects older adults at higher rates, notably within the most vulnerable subgroups of the population including women, minorities, those in poverty, and the homebound. Following a telephone screening process, in‐depth interviews were conducted at the homes of 31 African American, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic White seniors who regularly receive home‐delivered meals. This interpretive methodology was developed to systematically assess health and dietary self‐management in older adults who receive home‐delivered meals. The interview guide focused on 5 areas: general health; history and perception; self‐management; program planning; and social support. Thematic analysis shows that participants felt liable for their health status, but attributed their non‐compliance to lack of social and economic assistance. The seniors in this study felt competent, but rarely had the opportunity to take protective measures to manage their DM due to a number of barriers. Key barriers to self‐management include financial hardship, food access, coping mechanisms, and psychological well‐being. These results contribute to better understanding of how to approach, support, and motivate homebound older adults with DM while addressing barriers that offer insight to the development of self‐management interventions. Recommendations include training volunteers as community health workers to help seniors with problem‐solving and better management of DM.


In view of the poor performance of usual TiO2 photocatalyst in dispersion,recycle and fixing,a fabrication technique for ordered nanostructure supported photocatalyst was put forward to fabricate three-dimensional(3D) nanoscale TiO2 photocatalyst.As SiO2 and SiNx had different etching rates,SiO2 nanospheres(60—90 nm in diameter) were firstly used as mask to etch SiNx film and then the structure formed by etching was utilized as nanosupports,on which TiO2 film was fabricated with sputtering technique.Experimental results show that the 3D nanosupport is formed which consists of SiNx nanocolumns and flat SiO2 nanospheres and on which TiO2 photocatalyst is dispersively fixed,so that a mushroom-like 3D nanoscale compound constituted by TiO2,SiO2 and SiNx is obtained.The method combining nanosphere etching and coating is one of the fabrication techniques for nanosupports and 3D nanoscale supported photocatalyst,and the supported photocatalyst fabricated with this technique has good performance in dispersion,recycle and reuse.


In a company, employee is one of the component that influence the success of the company. Quality workforce eases the company to manage activities to achieve its goals. Acquiring qualified manpower is not a simple process. It relate to the exact moment to take a decision. The ability to take a quick and careful decision is a key of success in global competition. Decision making requires mature analysis and calculation. It depends on the number of criteria that influence the problem. Decision making with a lot of criteria requires special handling method, especially when the criterias couple with each other. From the above explanation, it is important to develop a decision making model for a reference in employee examination process at PT SURTECKARIYA INDONESIA. The model can help to select employee that match the company needs and criteria. Keywords— Assessment, Analytical Hierarchy Process


An anisotropic and nonhomogeneous compressible linear thermo-microstretch elastic cylinder is subject to zero body loads and heat supply and zero lateral specific boundary conditions. The motion is induced by a time-dependent displacement, microrotation, microstretch, and temperature variation specified pointwise over the base. Further, the motion is constrained such that the displacement, microrotation, microstretch and temperature variation and their derivatives with respect to time at points in the cylinder and at a prescribed time are given in proportion to, but not identical with, their respective initial values. Two different cases for these proportional constants are treated. It is shown that certain integrals of the solution spatially evolve with respect to the axial variable. Conditions are derived that show that the integrals exhibit alternative behavior and in particular for the semi-infinite cylinder that there is either at least exponential growth or at most exponential decay.


INTRODUCTION: Horse Shoe Kidney was first recognized during an autopsy by De Carpi in 1521. This anomaly consists of two distinct renal masses lying vertically on either side of the midline and connected at their respective lower poles by a parenchymatous or fibrous isthmus that crosses the mid plane of the body. This isthmus lies at the level of 4th lumbar vertebra just beneath the origin of inferior mesenteric artery in about 40% of cases. Fusion of upper poles instead of the lower poles results in an inverted horse Shoe Kidney which constitute 5-10% of ail Horse-Shoe kidneys, (i.e. in 95% of HSK, fusion is at lower poles). HSK is found more commonly in males by a 2:1 margin. AIM OF STUDY: An attempt has been made to know the various anomalies. The study has been taken up with the fond hope of helping the clinician, sonologist, and surgeons during their routine work. To apply this knowledge to the incoming post graduates in their research works. EMBRIOLOGICAL BASIS & KDNEY: The abnormality originates between 4th and 6th weeks of gestation, after the ureteral bud has entered the renal blastema. Boyden (1931) postulated that at the 14mm stage (4.5 weeks) the developing metanephric masses lie close to one another, any disturbance in their relationship may result in joining at their inferior poles. A slight alteration in the position of the umbilical or common iliac artery could change the orientation of migrating kidneys thus leading to contact and fusion. In 1941 Dees (Nation 1945, Bell 1946, Gleen 1959, Campbell 1970) described horse-shoe kidney disease occurrence in 0.25% of the population or about 1 in 400. OBSERVATION: In the present study 176 specimens of kidneys were studied out of which 40 were fetal specimens and the rest were adult specimens consisting of both cadaveric and sonograms. The adult specimens from cadavers were 76 and 60 from sonograms. MATERIAL & METHODS: Abdomen is opened; superficial viscera and coils of intestine removed to get a clear view of posterior abdominal organs and anomalies are noted. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION: The abnormality originates between 4th and 6th weeks of gestation, after the ureteral bud has entered the renal blastema. Boyden (1931) postulated that at the 14mm stage (4.5weeks) the developing metanephric masses lie close to one another, any disturbance in their relationship may result in joining at their inferior poles. Usually the fusion of the both kidneys occurs before they have rotated on their long axis, thus pelvis and ureters of HSK are being usually placed anteriorly. Rarely, fusion occurs after some rotation had already taken place in which case the pelves are anterimedialy placed.


This study deals with the investigation of the digestive track content and the feeding habits of Cyprinus carpio living in Hirfanli Dam Lake. The study was carried out between August 1996 and July 1997 on 206 Cyprinus carpio samples. There were zooplanktonic Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Rotifera , benthic Diptera, Gastropoda and phythoplanktonic Euglenophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta organisms, plant residues and detritus in the digestive tract of the fish.


waveform. The magnet configuration, Ferrite yoke and power supply combinely determines the fast decay characteristics of kicker magnet system. A fast decay type kicker magnet has been developed for injection of two electron bunches (30 ns spacing) into 450 MeV storage ring (Indus-1). A kicker magnet system consists of a window magnet of lumped type fed by PFN. Kicker magnet is kept outside vacuum over a ceramic chamber and its coil is split into half turn for achieving a fast decay (< 150 ns). The magnet is excited by a pulse current with a rise time of 1.2 µs and exponential fall decay with a constant < 150 ns. A pulsed magnetic field of 800 G with a rise time of 1.2 µs and exponential decay of 125-130 ns was obtained. This paper presents, choice of ferrite, electrical and magnetic design, fabrication process, engineering challenges to meet decay requirements and performance results.


In the past few years, minimally invasive surgery has replaced the open conventional surgery as the gold standard for many procedures. Here a modified technique was used for thyroid surgery with a 2.5-4.0 cm incision and the results of this technique have been evaluated. During the 3 years of study period, 14 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy using a small incision (2.5-4 cm), placed higher than the conventional incision in selected patients. Mean operative time was 86.2 minutes with an average blood loss of 42.5 ml with two conversions. Mean hospital stay was 32 hours and no drains were used. All patients were satisfied with the scar mark. We found this technique of minithyroidectomy to be feasible and easily reproducible.


Commentary on: Minoia et al. Oral antiviral therapy for early COVID-19 infection in patients with haematologic malignancies: a multicentre prospective cohort. Br J Haematol 2023


AIM: To construct pEGFP-C1-Ipr1(intracellular pathogen resistance 1) eukaryotic expression vector using green fluorescence protein as reporter gene and to express it in RAW264.7 cells.METHODS: The pET32a(+)-Ipr1 and pEGFP-C1 vectors were digested by KpnⅠ/BamHⅠ and purified by gel extraction.The Ipr1 genes were inserted into pEGFP-C1 vector.The RAW264.7 cells were transfected with the constructs by LipofectamineTM 2000.The EGFP-Ipr1 fused protein was visualized directly under fluorescence microscope and the expression of Ipr1 was detected by Western blot and PCR at protein and gene levels respectively.RESULTS: The fragments with size of 4700 bp and 1338 bp were obtained by enzyme digestion and a fusion protein about 77 ku was observed by Western Blot.Restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis showed that the recombinant vector pEGFP-C1-Ipr1 was constructed successfully,which was stably expressed in eukaryotic cells.Ipr1 gene and protein were detected in the transfected RAW264.7 cells and the expressed EGFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic expression vector named pEGFP-C1-Ipr1 is successfully constructed and the RAW264.7 cell clone stably expressing Ipr1 is obtained,which provides a good basis for further research on the function of Ipr1 against tuberculosis.


Fungi are commonly associated with ar- thropods in a variety of habitats. Many species of as- comycetes have morphological features, including ev- anescent asci and passively discharged ascospores, that facilitate ascospore dispersal by arthropods. Based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence analysis sev- eral lineages appear to have been derived indepen- dently by convergence. One monophyletic lineage in- cludes Pyxidiophora and Rickia (Laboulbeniales). Evolution of Laboulbeniales from a Pyxidiophora-like ancestor is viewed perhaps as life cycle simplification to reduce excessive fine-tuning of the life cycle to two disparate hosts and to reduce habitat patchiness. The minute arthropod-borne fungi, Thaxteriola, Endospo- re1 la, Laboulbeniopsis, Coreomycetopsis, Amphoropsis, Myriopodophila, and Entomocosma, are included in the Pyxidiophora-Rickia lineage as part of the Pyxidiophora life cycle or as independent organisms on the basis of


Though the details about Gregory of Elvira's personal life and much of his ecclesial work are sparse, we do possess information concerning his pastoral concerns and his position in the Christological disputes of his era. These insights come from his own writings as well as the comments offered to him and about him from his contemporaries. His writings demonstrate a rather wide-ranging familiarity with western theologians such as Tertullian, Novatian, Lactantius, and Hilary, but Gregory was not simply a copyist. He was willing to utilize and then expand upon his sources as he saw fit, and this is especially visible in his Christological materials. This article will examine these influences on Gregory, especially regarding his promotion of the Nicene creed, both from his setting in Roman Spain and from the literary and theological sources he drew upon. These demonstrate that Gregory supported the theology of the Nicene creed even as he learned to refine his own language and expand his defense of the creed and its key term homousios.


This report describes a 70-year-old male with an anterior transmural myocardial infarction who showed major alterations in the magnitude of ST-segment elevation of his electrocardiogram, when an abrupt change of his heart rate (reduction) and blood pressure (increase) occurred when he reverted to normal sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation. No concomitant change of other parameters of his clinical status was observed. This report stresses the significance of monitoring serially blood pressure, heart rate, and clinical symptomatology, in addition to electrocardiographic ST-segment elevations in patients with myocardial infarction, when therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the infarct size are evaluated.


PURPOSE: To attain efficient electric discharge in water in a discharge vessel, to modify the water and to efficiently obtain highly oxidizing water by applying AC pulse voltage to electrodes disposed opposite to each other in a non-contact state in the water in the discharge vessel and carrying out underwater electric discharge by an electric field generated in the discharge vessel by induction at the time of the reversal of potential. CONSTITUTION: AC pulse voltage is applied to electrodes(3) disposed opposite to each other in a non-contact state in water(2) in a discharge vessel(1) and underwater electric discharge is carried out by an electric field generated in the discharge vessel(1) by induction in the reversal of potential. By the underwater electric discharge, oxygen in the water is excited to generate ozone and the water(2) is also excited by the action of UV generated in the discharge to form OH radicals. The ozone and the OH radicals are dissolved in the water to increase the concentrations of ozone and OH radicals in the water and the objective highly oxidizing water is obtained. When fine bubbles comprising an oxygen-rich gas are allowed to exist in the water in the discharge vessel(1) and the water is exposed to a discharge atmosphere, water(2) having higher oxidizing activity is easily obtained.


Arsenic‐doped CdTe layers have been grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy in an atmospheric pressure reactor using arsine as the dopant gas. Doping levels above 2×1017 cm−3 have been reproducibly obtained for the first time in an epitaxial growth system, with a doping uniformity of ±20% over 1.5×1.5 cm. This is a much higher level of doping than usually possible in bulk growth systems. The layers were characterized by photoluminescence measurements at 12 K and by Hall measurements as a function of temperature. The ionization energy of the As acceptor was found to be about 62±4 meV from transport measurements. It was also shown that the electronic activity of the As incorporated is a function of the dimethylcadmium to diethyltelluride partial pressure ratio in the gas phase.


Language is a quintessentially human faculty, and although its origins are mysterious, most investigators agree that it must in some way be a product of evolution. Alarm-calling behaviour in primates is easier to explain in an evolutionary context, and is perhaps suggestive of a link with human language evolution, but there is a significant jump in complexity between the two systems that remains to be explained. As is often the case in studies of behaviour and cognition, competing theories about both alarm calls and language are under-determined by the available data. The talk will argue that computational modelling, and in particular the use of individual-based simulations, is an effective way to reduce the size of the pool of candidate explanations. Simulation achieves this in two ways: through the classification of evolutionary trajectories as either plausible or implausible, and by putting lower bounds on the cognitive complexity required to perform particular behaviours. In other words, we can ask both "could this mechanism have evolved with a selective advantage at each stage in its development?" and also "is the proposed mechanism more costly than it needs to be to achieve a selective advantage?". Theories that pass these two tests are to be preferred to those that do not. A case is made for using both of these strategies to model both animal communication and human language.


The paper focuses on the topic of the entertainment casino hotel glass architectures those consecutively constructed and launched in Macao in recent years,through the actual field survey and the relevant information search,a summaries about the designed concept and the architectural expression to each individual project is made.


Get The Message? Study 08 N ight had come and midnight was approaching. Hours earlier the Medo-Persian army had slipped under the huge walls surrounding Babylon through the muddy, waterless Euphrates River. Th e army had diverted the river so that it could slip under the huge wall and enter the city. As we come to Daniel 5, the Medo-Persian army is moving through the outer region of the city and approaching the king's palace. Ancient historians tell us that when the Medo-Persian army had fi rst approached the city of Babylon to conquer it, the military men on the city wall had teased them. Th e Babylonians trusted in their three hundred foot (one hundred meters) high wall which was fi ft y feet (seventeen meters) wide. Th e city had looked so impossible to defeat that the Medo-Persian army had left and defeated other Babylonian cities fi rst. Th e victorious army had now returned and was searching for the palace. Xenophon recorded Cyrus, the king of the expanding Medo-Persian empire, as saying to his army on this night before they entered the city, "Tonight we go against them when some are asleep and some are drunk and all are unprepared." Th at was the Babylonian New Year, the night when every good Babylonian citizen got drunk. Get The Message?


In the past, the gene effect causing the variation of quantitative trait was researched as a whole body. For avoiding the QTL mapping, the molecular marker regression was used to research the quantitative trait controlled by polygene. A general analysis model using molecular marker material was established for estimating the gene effect controlling quantitative trait, and the mathematical relation between gene's relative effect and molecular marker genotype was found. However, the environmental influence on precision and accuracy estimating gene effect by molecular marker regression model was not discussed. In this research, quantitative trait genetic model and molecular marker regression model were established to simulate the environmental influence on precision and accuracy estimating gene effect, the result showed that precision and accuracy were reduced with the increasing of environmental effect, ignoring of main gene loci and augment of the number of gene loci controlling quantitative trait. Therefore, for increasing the precision and accuracy estimating gene effect, enough number of gene loci and main QTL (quantitative trait locus) should be considered in estimating the polygenic effects, and the levels in orthogonal rows should also be considered as different allele combinations of animal samples, other than individuals.


l. 1 (and elsewhere, e.g. Introduction l. 21-22): "anthropogenic land use and land use change": Why not stick with the common "land use and land cover change (LULCC)"? Land use implies the human component, and it does not hurt to spell out the land cover change part. l. 7 (and elsewhere where "secondary" is used): "primary and secondary components": I am flattered that the authors use the term "primary emissions" that we introduced some years ago, and understand that "secondary" is the logical counterpart. Still, the more common term are "indirect effects" of LULCC, see e.g. Houghton, GCB, 2013. I suggest to stick with "indirect", but if not at least the relation between indirect and secondary needs to be stated. l. 9 (and elsewhere): "up to 20% when quantified from ESM versus offline vegetation models": Arora and Boer 2010 estimate the same difference, of D3 vs E2, to be more C188 on the order of 100% (i.e., estimates for D3 are twice as high as E2). The manuscript would benefit very much from a more quantitative comparison against published estimates, both the individual studies and the summary by Pg14. For this specific line, a "in our modeling framework" has to be added at least. l. 15 ff: "Therefore, we argue that synthesis studies and global carbon budget accountings should resort to the "least common denominator" of different methods, following the bookkeeping approach where only primary land use emissions are quantified under the assumption of constant environmental boundary conditions.": See comment on "opinion piece" above. The choice of definition depends first and foremost on the application. For example, for global C budget estimates I argue that the prime aim is to keep the C budget closed and not attribute processes we know of to the residual (error) terms, thus the choice of eLUC definition needs to be made in agreement with the model setup for the residual terrestrial sink.


The aim of this study was to determine mortality risk by calculating Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension II (SNAP‐PE‐II) and Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score, and evaluate prediction of the effects of antenatal corticosteroid and surfactant treatment on mortality.


The current study analyses the prevalence of sexual harassment among staff and undergraduate students at a Spanish public university. The EASIS-U, a 38-item questionnaire, was administered to a sample of 1,521 university students, and 172 staff members. Results show that 26.4% of teaching
 and research staff (TRS), 28.3% of administrative staff (AS), and 15.9% of the students had experienced at least one episode of sexual blackmail behaviour; 30.9% of TRS, 27.0% of AS and 16.0% of the students had experienced at least one episode of physical sexual harassment; and 23.7% of TRS,
 34.4% of AS and 17.1% of the students had experienced at least one episode of verbal sexual harassment. A comparison of staff and students revealed significant differences in prevalence rates, with staff reporting higher rates of unwanted contact than students. Contrary to expectations, male
 students reported more sexual harassment than did female students. We analyse the possible reasons for these results.


I am very happy to publish your letter. As you point out, the offending term 'old boys' was contained in a published letter about older and (predominantly) male equine vets not wearing helmets when dealing with horses at work.

I agree that we should all be careful about our choice of language. Removing the words 'old boys' from the published …


Laryngoscopic manipulation and endotracheal intubation are noxious stimulus capable of producing tachycardia, arrhythmia, bronchospasm, larygospasm and hypertension.Dexmedetomidine is an Alpha 2 agonist with documented stress attenuation property. Dexmedetomidine has been seldom studied in Paediatric age This study was conducted in a view to find out the optimal dose of Dexmedetomidine for stress attenuation. To attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with 3 different doses of intravenous Dexmedetomidine in Paediatric age group and to find out the optimal dose required for it. Paediatric patientswith sample size 90 undergoing Enucleation & Curettage for Adenotonsillitis, were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups (30 each) receiving: Group A 0.5mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. Group B 0.75mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. Group C 1mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. It was given as 20ml infusion over 10mins.The hemodynamic response was better obtunded in Group B and Group C, when compared with Group A.There was no clinically significant difference between Group B and Group C in any of the parameters at any point of time. So the dose of 0.75mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine is adequate to produce desired stress attenuation with minimal side effects compared to 1mcg/kg. Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 0.75mcg/kg is the optimal dose to attenuate stress response to larygngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with minimal adverse effects.


Field application technique of Beauveria brongniartii for white grub control has been studied. The best time and dose of application of B. brongniartii has been determined. At the mid term ploughing time, using 150×10 12 spo re/ha or 75×10 12 spore/ha+1.2kg 40% isofenphos methyl we can get 80% c ontrol effect. In 1992~1994, in Shandong province and Jiangsu province, 300ha has been applied and the control result was about 70% ̄80%. The result demonstr ated that B. brongniartii is a profitable bio control agent against white g rub in groundnut field.


Cancers display significant heterogeneity with respect to tissue of origin, driver mutations and other features of the surrounding tissue. It is likely that persistent tumors differentially engage inherent patterns–here 'Archetypes'–of the immune system, to both benefit from a tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and to disengage tumor-targeting. To discover dominant immune system archetypes, the Immunoprofiler Initiative (IPI) processed 364 individual tumors across 12 cancer types using standardized protocols. Computational clustering of flow cytometry and transcriptomic data obtained from cell sub compartments uncovered archetypes that exist across indications. These Immune composition-based archetypes differentiate tumors based upon unique immune and tumor gene-expression patterns. Archetypes discovered this way also tie closely to well-established classifications of tumor biology. The IPI resource provides a template for understanding cancer immunity as a collection of dominant patterns of immune infiltration and provides a rational path forward to learn how to modulate these patterns to improve therapy.


The germplasm lines generated at Hisar and collected from different sources were evaluated for forage traits like multicut traits, leaf characteristics, height, fodder yield and biotic stresses for over three to five years. Wide range of variability was observed for all the characters studied. Maximum variability was observed for days to 50% flowering followed by leaf area index, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, plant height, regeneration potential, TSS, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield per plant. To exploit the fodder yielding potential and for improvement in other traits of forage sorghums, taking into account different aspects of the current and future emphatic areas these germplasm resources can be utilized.


SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health concern, and new treatment strategies are needed 1. Targeting inflammatory innate immunity pathways holds therapeutic promise, but effective molecular targets remain elusive. Here, we show that human caspase-4 (CASP4), and its mouse homologue, caspase-11 (CASP11), are upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infections, and that CASP4 expression correlates with severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. SARS-CoV-2-infected Casp11-/- mice were protected from severe weight loss and lung pathology, including blood vessel damage, compared to wild-type (WT) and gasdermin-D knock out (Gsdmd-/-) mice. GSDMD is a downstream effector of CASP11 and CASP1. Notably, viral titers were similar in the three genotypes. Global transcriptomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected WT, Casp11-/- and Gsdmd-/- lungs identified restrained expression of inflammatory molecules and altered neutrophil gene signatures in Casp11-/- mice. We confirmed that protein levels of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL6, and CXCL1, and neutrophil functions, were reduced in Casp11-/- lungs. Additionally, Casp11-/- lungs accumulated less von Willebrand factor, a marker for endothelial damage, but expressed more Kruppel-Like Factor 2, a transcription factor that maintains vascular integrity. Overall, our results demonstrate that CASP4/11, promotes detrimental SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation and coagulopathy, largely independently of GSDMD, identifying CASP4/11 as a promising drug target for treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19.


Information on nutrient depletion and build up in production systems in India is not only scarce but also mostly generalized especially under dryland conditions where fertilizer input levels are sub-optimal. On-farm nutrient balance study was taken up in 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 at Lalatora watershed in Madhya Pradesh with soybean-chickpea and soybean-wheat cropping systems. Soils of this watershed were low in N and P but were high in available K. In general, nutrient input levels were very low and in some cases even nil thereby yield levels of these cropping systems were also found low. Distribution of rainfall was considered as an important factor influencing the response of crops to nutrients. Overall, the soybean-chickpea system removed more nutrients than soybean-wheat system. Among nutrients, N and K were depleted from soil while P was buildup under both the cropping systems. Results of the study suggest that attention is needed towards net depletion of N and K and utilization of build up P as a residual effect in subsequent crops.


In this paper, we propose a user centric bandwidth allocation scheme for low latency data transmission in ultra dense vehicular networks. Various mobile devices such as mobile phones, sensors of vehicles or autonomous driving systems,require low latency and bandwidth intensive packet delivery between the devices and the Internet aiming to support real-time applications. In the ultra dense vehicular network, small base stations (SBSs) are densely deployed in a fixed geographic area to provides higher date rate. In further, each SBS cooperates with others to form clusters to better support seamless wireless data transmissions, and each mobile device dynamically plans its wireless connectivity for data transmission when it moves in the network. Specifically, each mobile device pre-allocates the amount of bandwidth from a cluster, formed by several SBSs, based on its expected movement, the delay and band-width requirement of the packet transmission and the resource availability of each cluster. Moreover, to effectively utilize the available network resource, each cluster also redistributes its residual bandwidth to the mobile devices pre-allocate bandwidth from it. Consequently, the latency of the data transmission can be better sustained in the ultra dense vehicular network.


Background: Preoperative anxiety causes a profound psychological and physiological reactions, that may lead to a worse postoperative recovery, higher intensity of acute and persistent postsurgical pain and impaired quality of life in the postoperative period. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that auricular acupuncture (AA) is safe and effective in treatment of preoperative anxiety; a systematic evidence on this topic is missing. Therefore, this protocol was developed following the PRISMA guidelines to adequately evaluate the existing literature regarding the value of AA for the reduction of anxiety in patients in a preoperative setting, compared to other forms of acupuncture or pharmacological or no control interventions and measured with questionnaires regarding anxiety and fear. Methods and analysis: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, Scopus Database and Google search. RCTs will be included if an abstract is available in English. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by 2 reviewers independently. Quality and risk assessment of included studies will be done using the Cochrane 5.1.0 handbook criteria and meta-analysis of effectiveness and symptom scores will be conducted using the statistical software RevMan V.5.3.Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of AA for preoperative anxiety. Since all data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis have been published, this review does not require ethical approval. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or be presented in relevant conferences.Registration number: PROSPERO ID CRD42020184795


Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm birth (PTB). Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evidence on the link between BV and PTB occurring in sub-Saharan Africa to inform preventive interventions targeting BV associated with PTB. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between genital tract colonization with BV and PTB. Methods: In this prospective case–control study design, 82 women with spontaneous PTB (cases) or term birth (TB) (controls) were screened for BV. The diagnosis of BV was based on the Nugent scoring system. The association between BV and PTB was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: BV was significantly higher in women with PTB compared with those with TB (17 [41.5%] vs. 5 [12.2%]; P= 0.005). Furthermore, the odds of BV with PTB were higher among women who had PTB compared with TB after adjusting for a known factor, marital status, which differed significantly between women with preterm and TB (adjusted odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval [1.4–14.4]). Conclusion: Women with BV in pregnancy have increased odds of having PTB. Given the challenge of preterm labor and PTB, screening and treatment of women for BV early in pregnancy may be a veritable strategy to prevent PTB and its consequences.


This case study report outlines details of a teaching innovation developed at Plymouth University that aimed to exploit opportunities derived from teaching large cohorts of engineering students. The specific opportunities that the innovation sought to exploit focused on the (re)creation of an authentic "real world" experience in which students could put into practice the theory being covered by the modules on which they were enrolled. As well as introducing new opportunities, large cohorts of students can exacerbate existing challenges to academics who struggle to maintain levels of engagement. This challenge is most apparent in subject areas where engagement is known to be difficult and the subject focus in this case, contract law, is one such subject. To address the challenge of student engagement, this report provides details of an evaluation system that was designed not only to measure the effectiveness of the simulation exercise in achieving learning outcomes, but also to provide a focus for the efforts of the academic team in terms of actions to enhance engagement. The evaluation system used for this case study was effective in identifying high levels of student engagement with the subject matter. The audit also demonstrated that the simulation exercise was effective in helping students to achieve academic outcomes, although the system was not easily mapped onto the framework for enhancing student engagement. The framework was found to be a useful tool for creating action plans, but the findings from this study suggest that a bespoke feedback mechanism was needed to maximise its effectiveness.


Clustering analysis is an objective method to classify things. It's one of the three practical means in multivariate statistical analysis. First of all,this article classifies and recommends the various kinds algorithms of the clustering analysis,and then sums up the clustering analysis' s applications on Economy,Organisms,Electronic Commerce,Insurance and so on. Besides,it conducts a comparative analysis upon two clustering algorithms which are extensively used. Finally,it classifies 31 provinces' economy development level of our country by means of System clustering method and K-means clustering method combining the software of SPSS,and then discovers that the results of two classification method are similar. Apart from that,they are all identical with every province's economy recent development level of our country.


This paper investigates the potential of non-binary LDPC codes to replace widely used Reed-Solomon (RS) codes for applications in communication and storage systems for combating mixed types of noise and interferences. The investigation begins with presentation of four algebraic constructions of RS-based non-binary quasi-cyclic (QC)-LDPC codes. Then, the performances of some codes constructed based on the proposed methods with iterative decoding are compared with those of RS codes of the same lengths and rates decoded with the hard-decision Berlekamp-Massey (BM)-algorithm and the algebraic soft-decision Kotter-Vardy (KV)-algorithm over both the AWGN and a Rayleigh fading channels. Comparison shows that the constructed non-binary QC-LDPC codes significantly outperform their corresponding RS codes decoded with either the BM-algorithm or the KV-algorithm. Most impressively, the orders of decoding computational complexity of the constructed non-binary QC-LDPC codes decoded with 5 and 50 iterations of a Fast Fourier Transform based sum-product algorithm are much smaller than those of their corresponding RS codes decoded with the KV-algorithm, while achieve 1:5 to 3 dB coding gains. The comparison shows that well designed non-binary LDPC codes have a great potential to replace RS codes for some applications in communication or storage systems, at least before a very efficient algorithm for decoding RS codes is devised.


Integrated urban stormwater management (IUSM) must address pluvial flooding and diffuse pollution at varying temporal and spatial scales of operation in order to identify appropriate mitigating and management options. A risk assessment procedure is outlined which enables multi-stakeholders involved in the decision-making process on urban drainage infrastructure, to identify contemporary and future threats and uncertainties. Of particular concern to the Eastside development area (the SWITCH demonstration site in Birmingham, UK), are those risks associated with extreme exceedance flows and overland flow routes, as well as diffuse pollution and receiving water ecology, in addition to planning and source control issues. The principal barriers to IUSM are discussed and the particular technical difficulties associated with delineating extreme pluvial exceedance flooding are examined. A GIS decision-support methodology is outlined which is intended to provide an integrated, holistic approach for addressing the needs of multi-level, multi-stakeholder engagement aimed at resolving long term urban flood and pollution risks.


This article provides an analysis of the processes through which young people make educational choices and shape their trajectories in globalised societies of lifelong learning (LLL). Investigating the articulation of LLL discourses in national contexts and local educational sites, it draws on both Foucault and Bernstein for theoretical insights: it shows how thinking with Foucault we can better exploit the generative power of Bernstein's theory in complex fields of educational research. The article draws on a study carried out in the Greek Institutions of Vocational Education and Training (IVETs), which in response to European Union policies, offer training at post-secondary level in a range of specialties, broadening the limited choice opportunities for young people, especially of vulnerable social groups. Through semi-structured interviews with trainees, the study aimed to explore the relations between previous educational trajectories, their general understandings of LLL environments and demands, their choice to continue their learning trajectory at the IVETs, and their experience from their studies there. Tracing the movements of subjects within the temporal and spatial limits of the LLL discourses contributes in that it allows us to think of 'flexibility' as a conceptual means of identifying forms of regulation and identity formation in the new era.