Abstract To date little is known about the non-governmental organizations' (NGOs) use of informal networks, contacts and connections, as well as about the 'informalization' of post-communist civil society in the former Soviet Union. Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to the study of civil society organizations in Central Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Russia, leaving the use and significance of informality among the South Caucasus's NGOs largely ignored. Drawing on qualitative in-depth elite interviews, this study examines the importance of informal networking within the NGO sectors of post-Soviet-rule Azerbaijan and Georgia. The findings of this study document that in Azerbaijan and Georgia the practices of using informal networks of relying on patron–client relations with donors and of individuals using their positions within organizations for profit-making are widespread among the NGOs included in this research.


On the basis of system structure and failure mode influence analysis,test points are set,and a fault-test matrix of excavator brake system is built.The adaptive immunity genetic algorithm(AIGA) is used to solve test selection problem,then a set of optimal solutions are got.The application example shows that this method could be used to solve the test optimization selection problem effectively.


We approximate the distribution of total expenditure of a retail company over warranty claims incurred in a fixed period [0, T], say the following quarter. We consider two kinds of warranty policies, namely, the non-renewing free replacement warranty policy and the non-renewing pro-rata warranty policy. Our approximation holds under modest assumptions on the distribution of the sales process of the warranted item and the nature of arrivals of warranty claims. We propose a method of using historical data to statistically estimate the parameters of the approximate distribution. Our methodology is applied to the warranty claims data from a large car manufacturer for a single car model and model year.


Background Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is widely recommended in sub-Saharan Africa to reduce the risk of malaria and improve birth outcomes. However, there are reports that the efficacy of IPTp with SP is waning, especially in parts of Africa where antimalarial resistance to this drug has become widespread. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a cross-sectional study of 565 HIV-uninfected women giving birth at Tororo District Hospital in southeastern Uganda. The primary objective of the study was to measure associations between use of SP during pregnancy from antenatal records and the risk of adverse outcomes including placental malaria, low birth weight, maternal parasitemia and maternal anemia. The proportion of women who reported taking 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses of SP during pregnancy was 5.7%, 35.8%, 56.6% and 2.0% respectively. Overall, the prevalence of placental malaria was 17.5%, 28.1%, and 66.2% by placental smear, PCR, and histopathology, respectively. In multivariate analyses controlling for potential confounders, ≥2 doses of SP was associated with non-significant trends towards lower odds of placental malaria by placental smear (OR = 0.75, p = 0.25), placental malaria by PCR (OR = 0.93, p = 0.71), placental malaria by histopathology (OR = 0.75, p = 0.16), low birth weight (OR = 0.63, p = 0.11), maternal parasitemia (OR = 0.88, p = 0.60) and maternal anemia (OR = 0.88, p = 0.48). Using a composite outcome, ≥2doses of SP was associated with a significantly lower odds of placental malaria, low birth weight, maternal parasitemia, or maternal anemia (OR = 0.52, p = 0.01). Conclusions/Significance In this area of Uganda with intense malaria transmission, the prevalence of placental malaria by histopathology was high even among women who reported taking at least 2 doses of SP during pregnancy. The reported use of ≥2 doses of SP was not associated with protection against individual birth and maternal outcome measures but did protect against a composite measure of any adverse outcome.


Experimental and theoretical aspects of inert gas diffusion and release from solids were discussed. An overview of previous gas release studies was given. Particular emphasis was placed on work done by Elleman, Kelly and Matze. Theoretical approaches to the diffusion and gas release problem were examined. In particular, gas release from single region and composite solids was studied with and without trapping. Results obtained with a computer code developed for a composite solid with reversible trapping were discussed. Finally, approaches to calculating the initial concentration profile in samples which have been irradiated with alpha particles were considered. (auth)


Weight and eating-related disorders and behaviours are common among adolescent girls and young women in Western societies, where thin bodies are highly valued. The goal of this study was to examine whether or not more frequent exposure to places promoting thinness is associated with greater weight concerns among women. This study was part of a larger investigation entitled ̈Social, cultural, and economic disparities and disordered eating: Understanding the contribution of neighbourhood and individual level factors ̈ (Gauvin, Steiger, & Brodeur, 2009). A sample of 1288 women aged 20 to 40 years and living in Montreal for at least 12 months responded to a telephone survey. Logistic regression analyses were performed comparing women in the highest quintile of weight concerns to women in other quintiles on frequentations of thinpromoting places 15 days or more. Further, a sensitivity analysis was performed to verify whether or not an association exists between high weight concerns and different levels of exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness. A series of confounding variables were statistically controlled. Results showed that exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness at least 15 days per month was significantly associated with greater weight concerns among women despite controlling for confounding variables. Further, going to places promoting thinness between at least 15 through 20 days/month was also associated greater weight concerns among women. Public health interventions could aim at reducing societal pressures to thinness. v


SUMMARY Most hypertext systems used in the field embed some form of mark-up in each hyperdocument in order to represent the hypertext structure. Indeed, more generally, most document preparation systems use this approach. Hypertext researchers, on the other hand, say that the structure of a hyperdocument should be separate from its content. This paper investigates whether the two approaches, embedded v. separate, are really at odds with one another, and describes a technology for combining some of the benefits of both.


This paper proposes a design solution for static eccentricity (SE) in axial flux resolvers (AFRs). There are two definitions for SE in AFRs. The first approach is based on the definition of SE in conventional radial flux resolvers, wherein the rotor axis does not coincide with the stator bore, but the rotor rotates around its own shaft. In other words, it is different in the angular inclination of the rotor and stator axis. Thus, the air gap of the motor is not uniform. In the second approach, which is more common in AFRs, when SE occurs, air-gap length remains uniform. Rotor axis remains parallel with the stator axis, although it does not coincide with the stator bore. This means that there is radial misalignment of the rotor and stator axis. In this paper, both definitions are considered, and an innovative design solution is proposed to decrease the effect of both types of SE in the accuracy of detected position. 3-D time stepping finite-element analysis is used to show the success of proposed designs. Finally, both models were evaluated using experimental results.


National injury rates for logging have declined since the 1970's although the rate of decline has slowed in the last decade. Over that time mechanization and regional changes have played an important role in that trend. The change in logging employment from larger firms in the Pacific Northwest to smaller firms in the Southeast contributed to the trend and probably affected how representative the data was. Injury data are collected from firms with more than 10 employees so less than 20% of US firms are among potential survey respondents. Among workers truck drivers are particularly underrepresented since they are often independent of logging firms. While workers compensation data may be more inclusive analyses have been regional and of limited duration. Since the 1990's fatal injury rates have shown significant annual fluctuation but little decline in spite of increasing worker productivity. Fatalities related to Struck by falling objects were still nearly 50% of fatalities as has been the case for nearly 40 years. The inability of productivity and mechanization in logging to reduce the rate and source of fatal injuries is a major concern.


We study a sorting procedure (run-sorting) on permutations, where runs are rearranged in lexicographic order. We describe a rather surprising bijection on permutations on length n, with the property that it sends the set of peak-values (also known as the pinnacle set) to the set of peak-values after run-sorting. We also prove that the expected number of descents in a permutation σ ∈ Sn after run-sorting is equal to (n−2)/3. Moreover, we provide a closed-form of the exponential generating function introduced by Nabawanda, Rakotondrajao, and Bamunoba in 2020, for the number of run-sorted permutations of [n], (RSP(n)) having k runs, which gives a new interpretation to the sequence http://oeis.org/A124324. We show that the descent generating polynomials, An(t) for RSP(n) are real rooted, and satisfy an interlacing property similar to that satisfied by the Eulerian polynomials. Finally, we study run-sorted binary words and compute the expected number of descents after run-sorting a binary word of length n.


The Constitution considers local government as an equal and autonomous partner within a non-hierarchical structure of government 'spheres', but this has been diluted by political arrangements and party structures, which are hierarchical by their nature. The result is a general weakening of the local 'voice', with more importance given to provincial (rather than local) leaders and officials; many highly qualified politicians and experts moving out of the municipal system into provincial and national departments; local issues being 'nationalised', when national and provincial government determine programmes and are involved in the detail of local provision; and a lack of fiscal decentralisation, leaving municipalities under-resourced and unable to sustain themselves financially.


The hybrid world of Kafka's Metamorphosis as a possible world The paper intends to relate the concept of possible worlds of Leibniz to the fictional world of Kafka's Metamorphosis. From the concept of primitive notion of Leibniz's world and the fictional world of the concept of hybrid Dolezel we intend to show that the hybrid world of Kafka is a type of possible world.


The aim of this paper is to discuss method to compare cooling parameter in selected radiators. In this purpose measurement system was created which can be used to generate identical temperature under four radiators in the same time and conditions. Readings from analog sensors and thermograms were used to compare which radiator has the lowest temperature at the beginning and at the end of the measurement. Paper describes method to compare radiators using measurements from sensors and thermograms which is supplement to the theoretical calculations. Literature positions discuss this method slightly. Method is given capabilities to analyze whole process of cooling and deduce additional conclusions.


To solve the problems of the existing equipment about plate welding,a system of seam tracking based on Matlab is proposed.A device was designed to adjust the torch location.The mathematical model of every link was established.The ratio and sampling frequency were determined to meet the usage requirement of the system.The method of image processing and weld center determining was researched.And a set of software about seam tracking was developed based on the Matlab.The test result is well.


The major product of microbial transformation of glycyrrhetinic acid by Mucor spinosus AS3.3450 has been identified as 7β-hydroxyglycyrrhetinic acid on the basis of its spectral data. 7β-hydroxyglycyrrhetinic acid was directly determined by HPLC. Methanol and ultra pure water containing 0.03% trifluoroacetic acid was used as the mobile phase on C18 column, the UV detection wavelength was 254 nm. The maximum transformation rate observed was 712 mg 7β-hydroxyglycyrrhetinic acid/g glycyr-rhetinic acid on day 9 under 27°C, 160 r/min and substrate at a concentration of 130 mg/L. Results show that the content of 7β-hydroxyglycyrrhetinic acid indicates a good linearity under these conditions with a aver- age recovery of 98.1% and a RSD of 2.37%.


The topology structure and its operation principle of a two-stage DC/AC inverter with hysteresis current control are analyzed and studied,which is cascaded by an interleaving paralleled dual-switch forward converter and a hysteresis current controlled inverter.The optimal control method for the front stage is discussed,the selections for key circuit parameters are given,and a prototype is designed and manufactured.The experimental results show that two-stage DC/AC inverter with hysteresis current control has advantages of simple control,fast dynamic response,strong a-bility of anti-short-circuit,high efficiency and high reliability.


This work investigates the species separation in the rarefied flow of the argon-helium mixture through convergent-divergent micronozzles. Imposing a molecular mass ratio in the order of 10, the flow of this mixture can lead to the formation of serious nonhomogeneous phenomena such as the species separation. This study is performed in the ranges of 2.0–4.0 for the geometrical expansion ratio, 200–400 K for the wall temperature, and 0.003–1.454 for the inlet Knudsen number. The effects of these parameters are examined on the separative performances of micronozzle. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is selected as the solution method because it can provide reliable solutions in the current rarefied flow regime study. The current study reveals two important separative effects in the mixture flow through micronozzles. The first effect is the lateral species separation, which results in the enrichment of heavier species near the centerline. The second effect is the streamwise separation, which leads to the enrichment of one species, mostly the lighter one, as the mixture passes through the micronozzle. The current results show that increasing the expansion ratio will enhance the lateral separation monotonically. However, there are specific wall temperature and Knudsen values, which can result in optimum lateral separative effects. In addition, it is observed that the expansion ratio has little effect on the streamwise separation. However, increasing either the wall temperature or the Knudsen number will enhance the streamwise separation, albeit with a limiting value at very high Knudsen numbers.This work investigates the species separation in the rarefied flow of the argon-helium mixture through convergent-divergent micronozzles. Imposing a molecular mass ratio in the order of 10, the flow of this mixture can lead to the formation of serious nonhomogeneous phenomena such as the species separation. This study is performed in the ranges of 2.0–4.0 for the geometrical expansion ratio, 200–400 K for the wall temperature, and 0.003–1.454 for the inlet Knudsen number. The effects of these parameters are examined on the separative performances of micronozzle. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is selected as the solution method because it can provide reliable solutions in the current rarefied flow regime study. The current study reveals two important separative effects in the mixture flow through micronozzles. The first effect is the lateral species separation, which results in the enrichment of heavier species near the centerline. The second effect is the streamwise separation, which leads to th...


The clinical applicability of digital next‐generation sequencing (dNGS), which eliminates polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing error‐derived noise by using molecular barcodes (MBs), has not been fully evaluated. We evaluated the utility of dNGS of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in liquid biopsies obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer.


Abstract The solid-state i.r. and Raman spectra of the crystalline tetraphosphorus tetrasulphides -α -P4S4 and β-P4S4 - and the Raman spectrum of the α-P4S4 melt have been recorded. The observed frequencies of α-P4S4 were tentatively assigned to P4S4 molecules of the cradle type, possessing D2d symmetry. An assignment of the β-P4S4 frequencies to a cage-like P4S4 unit with Cs symmetry is proposed and based on comparison with similar P-S-compounds such as P4S3 and α-P4S5. All the tetraphosphorus tetrasulphides decompose during melting into P4S3, P4S7 and β-P4S6.


Ever since Gregor Mendel chose to study two-state traits in pea plants, the general idea of genetic causation has been that we randomly inherit one of each parent's two copies of each chromosome. The two copies may vary, but both are expressed in the cell so the offspring has a phenotype (trait type) that depends on their combined effects. Geneticists usually think of gene expression as basically a cis phenomenon (from the Latin "on this side"), which, as shown in Box 1, involves the gene itself and chromosomally nearby DNA sequences that regulate gene's expression. But genes elsewhere in the genome, typically on entirely different chromosomes, code the regulatory proteins that bind the latter sites, so that gene expression is also partially trans (Latin for "beyond" or "elsewhere"); that is, it involves action elsewhere than the local chromosome region. The classical genetic assumption has been that the regulatory proteins find both copies of a gene and activate them similarly, so that the trans aspect is interesting, but functionally not very important. However, that assumption, it turns out, is not always correct. Starting with studies of X chromosomes in females back in the 1950s, it was observed that early in the embryonic development of females, who carry two Xs, each cell expresses just one of them; the other X chromosome is inactivated. When the cell divides, its descendant lineage of daughter cells "remember" which is the activated chromosome and keep using that one. Since the pattern is established early in development, and in each cell the choice is randomly made, females are "mosaics," with developmental cell lineages leading to patches of tissue in the adult that use the paternal X and other patches the maternal. Calico cats are a nice example; they are females with patches of hair cells expressing one or the other of genes related to coat color that are located on their X chromosomes (Fig. 1). X-inactivation seems to make theoretical and evolutionary sense, because then, in an XX-XY sex-determining system, both male and female cells produce only a single "dose" of X-linked gene products. These products interact with others coded by genes on the rest of the chromosomes, of which both copies are expressed in males and females. However, things aren't so simple. It is now known that this Xinactivation is incomplete, and that roughly 15% of the genes on the chromosome escape the shut-down and are transcribed from both Xs. Even this is somewhat probabilistic among tissues and individuals. The trans communication mechanism that determines which parts of the X to inactivate is only partly understood, though a mechanism has been discovered whereby those regions, once recognized, are coated with a particular kind of RNA molecule called Xist RNA, which silences its genes. This, together with the wide variety of sex-determining mechanisms that have evolved in nature, suggest that the dose-effect explanation can be only partly accurate. The use by a cell of only one of two copies of a gene is called monoallelic expression. That's a form of trans gene regulation, not only because just one of the two copies is used but because the cell somehow finds the other copy, wherever it is in the nucleus, and inactivates it. X-inactivation seemed an interesting but unique sex-related exception to the Mendelian story. But many other unrelated types of monoallelic expression have since been discovered, and affect a substantial fraction of genes on the rest of our chromosomes. They range from very local to very grand. In the white blood cells of the immune system, each of the relevant genes is actually comprised of complexes containing a large number of short subgene sections in a tandem (adjacent) array. When a new whitecell lineage is established, on one of the two chromosomes containing such arrays, one subsection is chosen more or less randomly; the others are literally cut out from the chromosome and discarded from the cell. The other copy of the gene complex is left intact, but inactivated. This state is transmitted in the cell's lineage as it divides during its lifetime in the body. The huge diversity of chosen proteins on the different white cell lineages allows us to detect unpredictable foreign molecules — Ken Weiss is Evan Pugh Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and Genetics at Penn State University. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Acacia glauca(L.) Moelichl,Leucaena leucocephala cv.Salvador,Acacia mearnsii De Wild.are main introduced trees afforesting in upside of hot and arid valley of Jinsha river.In germination experiment,90 ℃ hot water seed soaking at the beginning and cleaning out the seeds with clean water after cooling,the soaking time is 24 h.With this simple way,seeds of the three trees germinated well and germination rates were 66.5%,83.0%,87.0% in lab and 52.78%,65.74%,58.64% in nursery.As 100 days sapling in vessel which nursed before the middle ten days of March,more than 85% sapling height exceeded 40,20 and 25 cm and collar diameter exceeded 0.25,0.40 and 0.30 cm.Ratios of height and diameter were about 10.0,ratios of root to shoot were more than 2.0 except L.leucocephala cv.with 1.88.Strong and high lignification sapling grew well in the hot and arid valley of Jinsha river.


Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus (MV). The complete genomic sequence analysis comparison of measles vaccine strains with the prototype measles strain, Edmonston wild-type, shows that all vaccine strains share same mutation sites in phosphoprotein, V protein, C protein, matrix protein, and hemagglutinin. These sites provide important targets for future studies in molecular mechanism of MV attenuation, but whether any of them contribute to the attenuated phenotype remains to be determined and requires reverse genetics in conjunction with animal models.

Key words:
Measles virus; Measles vaccine; Vaccines, attenuated; Sequence analysis


Courtice and Douglas (1936) showed that, although a prolonged period of moderate muscular work may be associated with some rise of respiratory quotient and an enhanced carbohydrate oxidation, a persistent low respiratory quotient and ketonuria may result during subsequent rest. They concluded that this low quotient and ketonuria were in the main attributable to the reduced ratio of carbohydrate to fat oxidized owing to the depletion of readily available carbohydrate in the body as a result of the preceding muscular exercise. A second period of exercise was, however, still capable of causing a distinct rise of the respiratory quotient which was maintained throughout the exercise, to fall again abruptly to a persistent low level when the exercise stopped. Finding in one subject (Courtice) that after the ingestion of sucrose, glucose or fructose during post-exercise rest there was distinct evidence of a reduction of sugar tolerance in comparison with observations made during an initial resting period before exercise, they suggested the possibility that the activity of the endocrine organs associated with carbohydrate metabolism may be correlated with the varying activity of the muscles and so afford a partial explanation of the changes of carbohydrate metabolism which result from muscular exercise. Mills (1938) confirmed on Douglas the reduction of glucose tolerance which ensues after a prolonged period of muscular exercise, but in his own case obtained inconstant results, some experiments showing a lowered glucose tolerance, others no significant change. He also examined the influence of the carbohydrate content of the diet taken previous to the experiments, and tested the influence of intravenous injection of insulin on the subject without any previous exercise and after exercise.


The future Law on Biomedical Research, whose draft bill has been approved by the Council of Ministers and that will soon begin its parliamentary process of approval, will regulate, among other matters, the research with embryos. Likewise, it will make a pronouncement on the so-called therapeutic cloning. This report makes a detailed analysis of different matters that must be borne in mind by the legislator in order to face the process of evaluation and approval of said Law in relation with the aforementioned matters. It makes a special analysis of the legal texts of an international nature to which Spain is unavoidably subjected to, in such a way that the legislative text that will finally be approved is not contrary to the dispositions that are within such.


This article analyzes the relationships between literature, criticism and the publishing market in the literary magazine De Mar a Mar, published in Buenos Aires between 1942 and 1943 by a group of exiles from the Spanish Civil War, mostly, descendents of Galician. The analysis focuses on two particular aspects of the magazine: on the one hand, in relation to its content, the paper examines the bibliographical news and the editorial advertising; on the other hand, in relation to its context, it is considered the work of its directors and regular collaborators in the book publishing industry in Argentina, which is in its "golden age". The linking of these two aspects analyzed sheds light in respect of the editorial connections that underlie De Mar a Mar and that influence in the composition of the successive issues of the magazine.


Dr. Thorakkal Shamim has written a very interesting letter and comment. It is important to hear details about vaccine hesitancy in different countries or regions.


To explore better the anti-seismic performance of some high voltage switchgear, sine frequency-swept wave, sine resonance beat wave and the actual-record seismic waves are applied by the shaking table on real full-size switchgear. The experimental results show that the longitudinal natural frequency of vibration is about 10.74 Hz, and that the transverse is about 2.69 Hz. Breaker and some key connecting parts with bus vibrate stronger. As the weak link, they should be paid more attention when designed. After the multiple earthquake waves with different frequency spectrum characteristics, switchgear behaves a normal function as before and the main connection components do not damage apparently. The stress values of root sections of insulator are able to satisfy the requirements of the code.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of urodynamics examination in diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in male patients.Methods Laborie urodynamics analysater was applied for the examination of 385 male patients with LUTS and the examination indexes were collected at the same time.The function of bladder and urethra was assessed and grouped according to the definition of international continence society (ICS).The specific treatment was taken according to the grouping.Results The urodynamics examination revealed that there were 283 cases of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 385 male patients with LUTS,including 96 cases of overactive bladder (OAB),38 cases of detrusor muscle asthenia; there were 64 cases of simple OAB,25 cases of neurogenic bladder,13 normal persons.The treatment was taken according to the urodynamics examination result,with the efficiency of 93%.Conclusion The urodynamics examination has great value in diagnosis and treatment for male patients with LUTS.

Key words:
Urodynamics examination;  Male;  Lower urinary tract symptoms;  Clinical application


The use of digital filters is widely spread in the field of radio receivers. In literature, there is no practical realization of digital filters for non uniformly sampled data in the radio communication context. In this paper we are interested on real time filtering of non uniformly sampled signals using a Blackfin 533 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) as embedded software target. The filtering stage is not preceded by a reconstruction algorithm. As input, the filter requires signal samples and their corresponding non uniform sampling sequence. Obtained filtered data, are analyzed using specific spectrum analysis method based on zero padding and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).


The lack of systematic measurement of consumer benefits from provision of gambling services is both a symptom and a cause of gamblers' interests being disregarded as if gamblers were second class citizens. This chapter reports new estimates of such benefits which are sufficiently large that, while methodological limitations make estimates necessarily imprecise. It examines that research efforts should be keenly focused on the implications for consumer interests of policies such as extending availability of gambling, regulating the industry to different levels and opening up national markets to competition from operators in other European Union states. The chapter evaluates only consumer surplus in respect of play by recreational, as opposed to problem, gamblers. Restrictions on gambling are a feature of nearly all jurisdictions. They are motivated both by the protection of economic rents (in which governments share) and by a desire to mitigate social problems associated with gambling. Keywords: consumer interests; consumer surplus; economic rents; European Union states; gambling services


A power system is closely linked to the primary energy and the environment. With the development of the renewable energy, the aggravation of the energy crisis, the severe situation of the environmental safety, the paper describes new challenges faced to the current power system. It is presented that the smart grid is a global frame to cope with these challenges, and that the smart grid is also an important part in the energy defense system and the environment safety system. Finally, it is pointed out that the smart grid should be read as the vision power system by exploring its essential connotation.


Network traffic is growing exponentially with the increase in use of smart devices and the internet. Commensurately, the chances of network intrusion are also growing. Processing massive data in near real time is the bottleneck in the performance of intrusion detection systems. If the dimension of data in use could be reduced to including only those features which are significantly important for intrusion detection, this can help in increasing the performance of intrusion detection systems. This is where feature selection (FS) techniques play an important role because it provides the classifiers to be fast, cost-effective, and more accurate. In this paper, three feature selection methods are analyzed; FI (Feature Importance), RFE (Recursive Feature Elimination), ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Features from these FS methods are then learned using machine learning models; Random Forest (RF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Later, a comparative analysis of the accuracies and ROC curves for each


Space, Time and Privacy is the key important for data management systems. The NoSQL data management system has highly compress data with non relational database management systems, which often support data management of web applications, still do not provide support. It consists of the enhancement of the MongoDB level based access control model with privacy keys for security and monitor. The proposed monitor is easily used into any MongoDB deployment control with high protection for data security.


The ACPD flow is vital for accelerated mixed-signal layout design. This paper will provide the flow details, tools, and the steps involved. Automatic layout generation and connectivity extraction using standard cells for digital blocks will be explained. Automatic placement is done using the Virtuoso Custom Placer(VCP. Advanced pcells are utilized for layout generation of the analog blocks. Virtuoso XL(VXL) features such as Show Incomplete Nets and incremental updates will be discussed. Manual area based placement is done for the analog blocks. The analog and digital blocks are routed at the device level using the Virtuoso Custom Router(VCR). Placement of these routed blocks is done at the top level in VXL. Critical Nets are pre-routed in VXL using the Wire Editor tool. Setup of the Wire Editor and its features will be discussed. Abstract views will be created for these layout blocks. The Cadence Chip Assembly Router(CCAR) is utilized for block level routing. The .do file setup and commands will be explained. Once the routing is completed the layout design is accomplished. The design is then imported back into VXL for physical verification.


The problem of measuring linear and angular parameters of motion of moving objects is at present attracting much urgent attention. This is because of the need to improve the accuracy characteristics of independent control systems in which the basic information parameters are the angular and linear velocities and accelerations. Together with increased demands imposed on the metrological characteristics of the source information transducers, demands are also being advanced for miniaturization of their mass and dimensional characteristics and for a digital output signal. Active searches are presently being conducted for procedures capable of creating small and microminiature precision aecelerometers and angular velocity transducers of this type. In recent years, approaches have been developed for creating highly accurate measuring instruments based on new design and physical principles and utilizing modern methods of integrated technology, fiber-optic and laser engineering. The leading foreign instrument firms are already producing miniature fiber-optic (microflexing) accelerometers and piezoelectric aceelerometers (utilizing thick-film resistance strain gauges). Accelerometers and angular velocity transducers are also being developed which are based on integrated technology and micromechanical elements [1-4]. Nevertheless, in practice electromechanical instruments of the compensation type [5] are still predominantly used in contemporary control systems for measuring angular and linear velocities and accelerations. A digital signal is formed at the output of precision source information transducers by utilizing the resonant properties of the mechanical elements of the instruments, converting the analog output signal with an analog-digital converter of the voltage-to-number or current-tonumber type, and also using pulsed feedback in a closed loop [6]. The metroiogical characteristics of electromechanical accelerometers and angular velocity transducers of the compensation type can be improved by retrming the design and circuit solutions and by using the latest materials and technologies. The mass and dimensional characteristics are minimized by using planar technology, and this in turn gives the most satisfactory design for instruments utilizing electrostatic, optoelectronic, fiber-optic, and other elements which are quite simply implemented using these technologies. Widely used structural materials are quartz, piezoceramic, silicon, and other semiconducting materials. However, when creating small and microminiature source information transducers, any significant reduction in their mass and dimensions leads to a considerable reduction in the sensitivity and accuracy of the measuring instruments, severely limiting the use of such instruments in systems for controlling moving objects. Nevertheless, because the requirements imposed on the accuracy and on the mass and dimensional characteristics are becoming more severe and because the number of problems in control and navigation is increasing, it is necessary to seek new ways of creating precision small and microminiature digital source information transducers. Under conditions where there is a steady tendency for the cost of computer devices to decrease and their functional possibilities to expand, the most promising


Multiphase hydrocarbon stream 145 is treated to provide a liquid hydrocarbon stream 165 processing, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) streams. Multiphase hydrocarbon stream 145 there is moved to the first gas / liquid separator 150, the multiphase hydrocarbon stream is first separator hydrocarbon vapor stream 205 and a first separator first pressure to provide a bottom stream 155 It is separated from. Then, the first separator a bottom stream 155 is the second separator the hydrocarbon vapor stream 175 and to provide a liquid hydrocarbon stream 165 processes the second gas / liquid separator at a lower second pressure below the first pressure in order ( separated at 160). A second separator hydrocarbon vapor stream 175 is first compressed in compressor overhead stream 185 to provide a stripped vapor stream (185) is moved into a gas / liquid separator 150.


By using the area of Celle as an example, this paper illustrates the expansion of the neophytic species
wild tulip (Tulipa sylvestris). Coming from former historic parks and gardens the wild tulip spreads to
grassland and near-natural fringes, scrubs and forests, also to alluvial forests of the Pruno-Fraxinetum,
the Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae and the Ulmenion minoris. Tulipa sylvestris mostly grows
near to rivers. So we can decide that wild tulip spreads by hydrochory.


The development of the information society make the amount of data growing at an unprecedented rate, and so to obtain useful knowledge from huge amounts of data and information becomes more and more important. Data mining is a data analysis technique formed by integrating multi-domain knowledge, which can acquire valuable knowledge from large amounts of data and provide support for decision. Clustering analysis algorithm in data mining is a core content, which is also a hotspot in the research of the current. This article first describes commonly used clustering algorithms that include the clustering algorithm based on classification, the clustering algorithm based on hierarchies and the clustering algorithm based on density and the clustering algorithm based grid, and then analyzes their characteristics. The operation process of nearest neighbor clustering algorithm is illustrated in detail by an example. The summary of the clustering algorithms has positive significance for the research and development of clustering.


This Work has been Retracted by ACM because it was found to have plagiarized the Work of another author. The paper, "Postgraduate Thesis: Innovation in practice: an exploratory study of the e-society in banking service and payment experience in Hong Kong," was published in https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/283207. It was plagiarized by Qiuting Ye in their ACM published paper, "An Exploratory Study of the E-Society in Banking Service and Payment Experience in Hong Kong SAR." As a result of finding Qiuting Ye guilty of plagiarism, ACM is retracting this paper. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3485768.3485799


Despite a lack of empirical verification, research analysts and populist commentators have long assumed that a key factor in explaining anti-scientific attitudes among women is their greater disinterest and ignorance of scientific developments. Using nationally representative Anglo-American data from the 1993 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) Environment Survey, the results of this analysis question that assumption. Women in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and New Zealand are indeed less knowledgeable and hold less favorable attitudes toward science than men. However, in all but the United States, these gender differences in scientific attitudes are due to male-female disparities in educational background and religious belief, not to variations in scientific knowledge. Thus, in Canada, Great Britain and New Zealand, it is not gender per se but rather differences in social background that explain citizens' views. A somewhat different pattern emerges in the United States. Here, it is differences in levels of scientific knowledge and not demographic background, including gender, which explains public variation in attitudes toward science. The implications of these findings for both research analysts and policy makers are briefly discussed.


Unfortunately, one of the most popular topics today is the diseases of civilization, for which our changed lifestyle is responsible. It is very important that we educate and teach our children to protect nature, pay attention to their environment, move a lot. The role of the family is very important in passing on these values, so it is important and parents have to pay attention to give a good example for their children. In our research, we examined the ecological behavior, environmental values, environmental friendly behaviour and movement habits of students using a questionnaire method. The respondents were seventh and eighth grade students from schools in municipalities of different sizes. (N=558). We used different scales in our questions, such as NEP, PRE, APR, PEB1, HB. To present our results, we used basic statistics and calculated the results of the above-mentioned scales for the type of settlement with the help of SPSS program, analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our results showed that almost half of children believe that they should not respect the laws of nature, however, 71.9% mostly or completely like to go hiking in nature. Protecting ecological behaviour and environmental values is on the right way for students, but we need to draw their attention to becoming more energy efficient. Unfortunately, our results show, as has been supported by several literature, we live a sedentary, inactive life. 62.7% of students attend training that requires physical activity only once or 1-2 times a week. However, 56.7% of them spend at least 2-4 or more hours in front of the computer and / or use their mobilephone every day. Moreover, 33.3% spend 2-4 or more hours in front of the television every day. As at the HB movement scale, we found a difference in student movement as a function of residential settlements F555,2=4.458; p=0.012. If we want our children to live a healthy, quality life, we need to bring up and teach them for that as well.


ABSTRACT The paper studies how Sarala Dasa's Mahabharata was received in the colonial Odia public sphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It received the attention of early antiquarian scholars like Rajendralal Mitra who used the composition as a source to study Odisha's historical past. The antiquarian exercise created the discursive environment in which the first popular print editions arrived in the market. Despite its popularity, the educated public initially dismissed Sarala's Mahabharata as a work of little merit in comparison to the Sanskrit Mahabharata. However, the perception soon changed, and it began to receive the attention of scholars like Mrutyunjaya Rath and Gopinath Nandasharma who conducted the first serious antiquarian-philological studies of the epic in Odia. This essay traces the development of Odia language scholarship on Sarala Mahabharata, and its relationship with the popular Odia nationalist self-assertion. It concludes by tracing the contours of a debate on the temporal and spatial location of Sarala which took place immediately after independence and the subsequent publication of its definitive edition.


OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to describe piperacillin exposure in febrile neutropenia patients and determine whether therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be used to increase the achievement of pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets.

METHODS
In a prospective randomized controlled study (Australian New Zealand Registry, ACTRN12615000086561), patients were subjected to TDM for 3 consecutive days. Dose was adjusted in the intervention group to achieve a free drug concentration above the MIC for 100% of the dose interval (100% fT>MIC), which was also the primary outcome measure. The secondary PK/PD target was 50% fT>MIC. Duration of fever and days to recovery from neutropenia were recorded.

RESULTS
Thirty-two patients were enrolled. Initially, patients received 4.5 g of piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 h or every 6 h along with gentamicin co-therapy in 30/32 (94%) patients. At the first TDM, 7/32 (22%) patients achieved 100% fT>MIC and 12/32 (38%) patients achieved 50% fT>MIC. Following dose adjustment, 11/16 (69%) of intervention patients versus 3/16 (19%) of control patients (P = 0.012) attained 100% fT>MIC, and 15/16 (94%) of intervention patients versus 5/16 (31%) of control patients (P = 0.001) achieved 50% fT>MIC. After the third TDM, the proportion of patients attaining 100% fT>MIC improved from a baseline 3/16 (19%) to 11/15 (73%) in the intervention group, while it declined from 4/16 (25%) to 1/15 (7%) in the control group. No difference was noted in the duration of fever and days to recovery from neutropenia.

CONCLUSIONS
Conventional doses of piperacillin/tazobactam may not offer adequate piperacillin exposure in febrile neutropenic patients. TDM provides useful feedback of dosing adequacy to guide dose optimization.


Abstract Background: Vaccination against seasonal influenza virus is generally recommended for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy because influenza infection often results in severe complications. However, it is unclear whether the immune response to vaccination is sufficient in cancer patients. Two-time vaccination is recommended in children. We are now conducting a prospective study of two-time vaccination in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Here we report the effects of the first vaccination. Methods: We administered 2013/14 influenza vaccine with a triple-antigen (H1N1/H3N2, B) to cancer patients who were receiving chemotherapy. Blood samples were taken prior to vaccination and 4 ± 1 weeks after each vaccination to monitor the immune response using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. HI titers >40 U/L are considered as protective against influenza infection. Results: From Nov. 2013 to Jan. 2014, 74 patients with various solid cancers (16 breast, 11 colorectal, 8 biliary tract, 7 pancreatic, 6 GIST, 6 unknown primary, and 20 others) were enrolled. The median age was 61 (range 21-89) years. Before vaccination, 36 (49%), 25 (34%), 10 (13%), and 0 patients had protective titers against 0, 1, 2, and 3 antigens, respectively. After the first vaccination, only 14 (19%) patients achieved protective titers against all 3 antigens while no protective titers were obtained against any of the antigens in 7 (9%) patients. Protective titers against 1 and 2 antigens were achieved in 20 (27%) and 28 (38%) patients, respectively. Protective titers against all 3 antigens were achieved in 7/36 (19%), 4/25 (16%), 3/10 (30%) patients who had been positive for titers against 0, 1, 2 antigens, respectively, before the vaccination. Conclusions: Although routine influenza vaccination is recommended for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, a lower proportion of patients achieved protective titers than did healthy individuals. The efficacy of the second vaccination will be investigated.


This research was conducted to know the seroprevalence of Avian
Influenza (AI) virus subtype H5 among poultry workers at Sidoarjo traditional
market. The samples were collected by drawing the blood from poultry workers of
Larangan traditional market in Sidoarjo via median cubity vein. The antibody titre
was measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay using H5 antigen from
duck A/Dk/Indonesia/AU-78/12 (H5N1) and three kinds of red blood cells, which
were horse, chicken and guinea pig. The serum samples were added by Receptor
Destroying Enzyme (RDE) with 3:1 ratio (v/v) for overnight and pretreated with
red blood cells 10% before hemagglutination inhibition assay was conducted.
Thirteen serum samples from poultry workers were obtained and none tested
positive for Avian Influenza subtype H5 virus. However, author recommend using
the confirmation test, sustaining ongoing surveillance and control efforts.


Recent changes in Federal requirements for providing public transportation to the handicapped are identified. Accessible fixed-route service and demand responsive service are evaluated as the two primary alternatives for meeting the Urban Mass Transit Administration's current "special efforts" requirement. The potential for accessible fixed-route service is evaluated based on early experiences in St. Louis and Milwaukee accessible fixed-route system for Madison, Wisconsin, is developed using Seattle demand data and compared with the existing demand responsive systems.


Cold in-place recycling (CIPR) is an environmentally correct alternative for pavement rehabilitation. The preservation of the environment, especially in urban areas, is due to the exclusive use of local materials, rendering unnecessary the exploration of other sources such as quarries and deposits of exceeding material. The purpose of the fieldwork was to evaluate this new technology of pavement rehabilitation, considering a test section where a new asphalt emulsion with a high binding capacity was applied using a traveling mixer combined with a cold-milling machine, both previously calibrated. The test section is a two-lane road (one way), with 7,0 m width and total extension of approximately 700 m, located in the northern exit of the city of Paulinia (PLN-339 highway – urban section). Additionally, and in order to enable a mechanistic analysis of the structural behavior of the pavement after cold recycling, deflection measurements were carried out using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). Therefore, it was possible to compare the final deflection with the deflection measured prior to the intervention. Preliminary results demonstrate that the cold in-place recycling technique is quite promising considering the structural aspects, since tests showed a significant reduction of the deflection measurements due to the added value of the modulus of the bituminous mixtures. As to constructive aspects, it was verified that the technique adopted is a good alternative for pavement rehabilitation, especially when the existing bituminous surface is deteriorated.


This study set out to investigate the number and the activation of peripheral blood basophils, and the correlation analysis between peripheral blood basophils and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was determined whether these indices could be used as a monitoring index of RA activation and thereby provide a new disease assessment method for RA. Using flow cytometry, the number and activation level of peripheral blood basophils were determined in RA patients compared with healthy donors. General clinical data were collected and laboratory indices of RA patients were analyzed. A correlation between the number and the activation of basophils was determined using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).The absolute count and percentage of peripheral blood basophils in RA patients were significantly lower than that of controls (absolute count P = 0.033, percentage P = 0.047). However, the activation level of basophils was significantly higher than that in controls (P = 0.034). In addition, the activation level of basophils showed statistically significant differences in disease groups with different activities (P = 0.011, P = 0.037, and P = 0.002). With an increasing DAS28 score, the number of peripheral blood basophils was shown to decrease while activation level increased. The absolute count and activation level of basophils in RA patients and normal controls on receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.676, P = 0.025; AUC = 0.694, P = 0.014), respectively, which were statistically significant in differentiating RA patients from controls. The activation level of basophils was positively correlated with CCP (P < 0.001, r = 0.831), was positively correlated with CRP (P = 0.001, r = 0.588). These data are correlated with disease activity assessment and can be used as an early monitoring index of RA activity. Therefore, these studies provide a new basis for evaluation of clinical disease activity in RA patients.


A home loan bond is a bond upheld by a pool of home loans on a land resource, for example, a house. All the more for the most part, bonds which are verified by the promise of explicit resources are called home loan bonds. Home loan bonds can pay enthusiasm for either month to month, quarterly or semi yearly periods. The commonness of home loan bonds is generally credited to Mike Vranos.These securitization trusts might be organized by government-supported undertakings just as by private substances that may offer credit improvement highlights to alleviate the danger of prepayment and default related with these home loans. Since private home loan holders in the United States have the choice to pay more than the necessary regularly scheduled installment (diminishing) or to satisfy the advance completely (prepayment), the month to month income of a MBS isn't known ahead of time, and a MBS thusly introduces a hazard to financial specialists.


This article evaluated the canopy spectral characteristics of cotton cultivars with different resistance inoculated by Fusarium axyxporium in the greenhouse.The results showed the canopy spectrum of different resistance cotton cultivars were significantly different and there was negative correlation between DI(disease index) and the reflectance.The stronger the cultivars resistance to Fusarium wilt,the higher the value of reflectance,but the susceptive cultivars are contrary.The negative correlation between DI and reflectance also lied in the different cultivars.The linearity regression of DI and reflectance showed the near infrared band sensitive to DI,so we can use this band monitoring the occurrence of cotton Fusarium wilt.The study provide an experimental reference for the monitoring cotton Fusarium wilt with remote sensing.


Concept maps are commonly used in a variety of educational settings as a learning aid or instructional tool. Additionally, their potential as a research tool has been recognized. This article defines features of concept maps, describes the use of pre- and postconcept maps as a research tool, and offers a protocol for employing concept maps as an effective research tool. To illustrate the viability of concept maps as a research tool, specific steps and examples are provided from a study that used concept maps to investigate the conceptual change of pre-service and in-service teachers after participation in special and general education courses using multimedia case-based instruction. Support for concept maps as a research tool to evaluate learning and growth in knowledge are provided with specific procedures for creating a concept map quality scoring system.


This study investigates honesty as a means to Office Technology and Management graduates' success in business. This is against the background that honesty is an indispensible tool to success in business. Office Technology and Management graduates who want to succeed in business should see honesty as one of the business ethics. This paper discusses what constitute business or workplace dishonesty, causes of dishone sty in business and consequences of business or workplace dishonesty. It concludes that Office Technology and Management graduates and other stakeholders are expected to exhibit the trait of honesty because true success comes through honest behaviour or ac t. It recommends among others that employees should realise that dishonest behaviour destroy the reputation and integrity of an individual and the organisation; and should endeavour not to involve in such act.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
This research paper concentrates on the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on strategic choices when entering a foreign market. On balance the results reveal that combining all three EO trait dimensions – innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness – creates the best probability of success when entering a product into a new foreign market by deploying either an explorative or an exploitative product marketing strategy. Although a riskier explorative strategy is the most promising option for building longer-term competitive advantage, blending this with elements of a more conservative but growth-lacking exploitative strategy can yield synergistic benefits.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


For microionic applications, superionic conductors have been elaborated in the form of thick films, using silk-screen printable powders. Na3Zr2Si2PO12, Na3.1Zr1.55Si2.3P0.7O11 and Li0.8Zr1.8Ta0.2(PO4)3 compositions are synthesized by a sol-gel process involving hydrolysis-polycondensation reactions of metal-organic alcoholic solutions. A thermal treatment (600°C–800°C) allows to obtain very fine particles (<1 µm) with the pure NASICON phase. Inks are prepared with these powders, an organic binder, volatile fluidifying agents and mineralizers. The layers, about 50 µm in thickness, are achieved by successive deposits and sinterings (950°C–1050°C) onto alumina substrates. Films conductivity is determined by the complex impedance method. Values measured at 300°C (Na+: σ∼10-2 Ω-1cm-1, EA=0.25 eV, Li+: σ∼5 10-4 Ω-1cm-1, EA=0.5 eV) reach those obtained with well-densified ceramics. An anisotropic behaviour related to microstructure is pointed out.


We have studied different three-body hadron systems using t he Faddeev equations combined with Unitary Chiral Dynamics in a coupled channel approach. In th e strangeness S= −1 sector, we have solved the equations for the πK̄N system and its coupled channels and we report four Σ's and twoΛ's, in the 1500−1800 MeV region, as two meson-one baryon S-wave 1 /2+ resonances. For theS= 0 sector, we find resonances in the ππN system at energies 1704 − i375/2 MeV, 2080− i54/2 MeV with total isospin 1/2 and at 2126-i42/2 MeV with total isospin 3 /2. All of them haveJπ = 1/2+. We identify these states with the N(1710), theN(2100) and the∆(1910), respectively, listed by the PDG. Apart from these, we obtain a peak with isospin 1 /2 at an energy of 1920 MeV withNa0(980) andN f0(980) as its structure. We have also studied the three meson systemsφKK̄, φππ and found dynamical generation of a resonance with φ f0(980) structure, JPC = 1 and a mass around 2150 MeV, which can be identified with the X(2175) resonance.


Enhancing coronary flow, reduction of after-load, and preload positively influences recovery of the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction.1 Devices such as intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) have been designed in that manner; IABP increases coronary flow and reduces after-load, whereas LVAD increases coronary flow and reduces preload.1,2 Recent meta-analysis of controlled trials comparing both devices showed similar 30day survival despite higher cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in patients treated with LVAD, when compared with those treated with IABP.2 The concept of combining the benefits of both LVAD and IABP have been tested experimentally3 where the use of LVAD alone increased the coronary flow by 47%, and the use of IABP alone increased coronary flow by 13% and carotid flow by 16%. Concurrent use of both devices increased coronary flow by 33% and carotid flow by 21%. Twenty-five percent reduction of myocardial oxygen demand was attributed to the use of IABP.3 In this issue of the journal, Wiktor et al.4 reports the use of LVAD (Impella Recover 2.5) and the intraaortic balloon pump in a 67-year-old patient with post-St-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cardiogenic shock and an ejection fraction of 10% as a bridge to recovery. The patient made a good recovery and is in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II 16 months after the diagnosis of intractable cardiogenic shock. One inherent fault in current LVAD technology, however, is increased after-load, which is detrimental to myocardial recovery and may accelerate negative ventricular remodeling. This is more exaggerated if the LVAD device is implanted in the left ventricular outflow (LVOT), thereby mimicking a state of LVOT obstruction. In previous experiments,5 we have tested the use of IABP combined with synchronized left atrial-to-aorta LVAD. The use of synchronized LVAD alone (1 ml/kg in 40-kg sheep) was associated with a rise in aortic pressure that persisted for a number of subsequent cardiac cycles (Figure 1A). Such detrimental increase in after-load was prevented by concurrent use of IABP (Figure 1B). Achieving a more physiological VAD requires further studies using novel counterpulsation/ LVAD technology. The impact of this approach, versus LVAD or IABP alone, on infarct size will determine the ideal therapeutic approach to patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute left ventricular failure, a disease that is fatal in 78% of the cases.


Introduction Models of Corporate Control The Methodologies of Interlock Analysis Data Collection and the Geographical Focus The Delaware Valley and the Corporate Network Multiple Interlockers in the Delaware Valley Appendix: Corporate Names and Corporate Ties Glossary Bibliography Index


The social Web is a set of ties that enable people to socialize online, a phenomenon that has existed since the early days of the Internet in environments like IRC, MUDs, and Usenet (e.g. 4, 12). People used these media in much the same way they do now: to communicate with existing friends and to meet new ones. The fundamental difference was the scale, scope, and diversity of participation.


In order to solve the awareness of the HPV vaccine in Anhui Province, the willingness to vaccinate the HPV vaccine, on the one hand, this study uses an online questionnaire to extract female college students in Anhui Province for investigation. On the other hand, the team members also have a gynecological expert Interviews with female college students. Among them, the actual recycling questionnaire is 390, the number of effective questions is 360 copies, and the effective rate of questionnaire is 92.3%. The content of this survey mainly includes four aspects. The basic situation of survey objects, female college students 'awareness of HPV and vaccine, female college students' willingness to vaccination with HPV vaccines, and the reasons that affect female college students inocus HPV vaccine. First of all, describe statistics of the cognitive situation of HPV; second, from cognitive status, family influence, economic factors, education influence, and personal experience, these five dimensions build a comprehensive evaluation index system for HPV vaccines to take over The indicators are quantified, and the logistic regression returns a comprehensive evaluation of the willingness to vaccinate female college students HPV vaccine; again, calculate the gray correlation between the influencing factors and the willingness of vaccination to reflect its extent on the extent of the willingness to take over the HPV vaccine; In response to the actual situation of the above research and combined with the current HPV vaccination vaccination, relevant suggestions are made from the five levels of the government, society, schools, families, and individuals to the popularization and popularization of the HPV vaccine. strength.


In one of our fields, almost all tomato plants were wilted by a bacterial pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum, if no plant protection treatments were applied. On the field, grafting a cultivar for harvest onto a cultivar tolerant to the pathogen delayed occurrence of wilt. In another hand, we enhanced the water permeability of the soil by mixing with rice chaff and plowing to a depth of 70 cm before sterilizing the soil with hot water (95°C, 250 L/m2). Thus, the percentage of wilted tomato plants decreased to less than 40%. A biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas fluorescens FPT-9601 and FPH-9601, which were mixed in soil for early seedlings, did not suppress the occurrence of wilt. Hot water treatment without enhancing the water permeability of the soil was not effective for plant protection. The temperature of soil at 50 cm depth reached to 60°C when hot water was poured in the soil after enhancing the water permeability; this temperature was sufficient to kill the pathogen. However the temperature at this depth was 35°C when hot water was poured in untreated soil. The density of the pathogen was maintained around or below 102 colony forming units (cfu)/g of dried soil, which is the limit of detection for the pathogen, in the field after enhancing the water permeability of the soil and pouring hot water, but the density was more than 103 cfu/g in the field without any treatment or with hot water only, before wilt occurrence in each year.


This paper presents findings from a study of learning outcomes in grades IV and V of government, private aided and private unaided schools in Orissa. The survey also collected information on student, family background and school characteristics. The survey results showed that overall learning levels were low absolutely and relatively in government schools. The average percentage correct scores in government schools ranged from 30 to 40 percentage points, half or a third below the average scores in private unaided schools. The analysis of determinants of learning outcomes provided a number of important insights. Firstly, the school attended by the child has the most substantive impact on the quality of learning. Secondly, private schools, whether aided or unaided, outperform public schools. Thirdly, there is large variation in the performance of public schools - a section of public schools has better test scores than the representative private school. Findings from the study provide directions for policy interventions and for future research for more evidence-based policy making. In addition, there is much room for improving the cost-effectiveness of public sector education provision. Among other determinants, the study finds that social group, household wealth and mother's literacy have significant but small impacts on test scores.


Cultural self-confidence is a fundamental, deeper, and lasting force in the development of a country and a nation. In the context of globalization and the vigorous development of the Internet and social media, traditional opera, which is an important part of the excellent Chinese traditional culture, should continue to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of opera art. Under the guidance of "cultural self-confidence", Yue opera, as one of the golden signs of local art and culture, is bound to realize cross-cultural communication in view of its own inheritance and development. In the context of the new era, this paper proposes that Yue Opera should focus on the construction of communication subjects under the globalization perspective, the new era change of communication contents based on the globalized audience, and the all-media matrix communication strategy of Yue Opera in the post-epidemic era. It is believed that Yueju art will definitely blossom in the "Internet+" era under the globalization perspective.


This paper is concerned with a discrete time random walk on the integers 0,1,2,... which arises in the game of roulette. At each step either a unit displacement to the left with probability 1-p or a fixed multiple displacement to the right with probability p can occur. There is a partially absorbing barrier at the origin, the probabilities of reflection and absorption at 0 are ρ and 1-ρ, respectively. Using generating functions and Lagrange's theorem for the expansion of a function as a power series, explicit expression for the probabilities of the player's capital at the nth step are deduced, as well as the probabilities of ultimate absorption at the origin.


Before 1922 Bajcsy Zsilinszky Endre, who was the MP of Hungarian National Parliament between 1922 and 1936, and one of the most important leader of...


The key element of enabling millimeter wave communications is the adoption of a hybrid beamforming. This hybrid architecture requires the development of new algorithms to estimate the mmWave channel. The main goal of this work is jointly estimating the mmWave channel parameters: the angle of departure (AOD), the angle of arrival (AOA) and the path's gain using the sparsity of the mmWave channel in conjunction with a criterion test based on diagonality of data matrices. The results of the simulation, in terms of performance, show the superiority of the modified algorithm integrating the new criterion compared to the original one.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil from Angelica sinensis.METHODS The essential oils were extracted from Angelica sinensis by supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and steam distillation(SD).The amount of the constituents from the essential oil was determined by normalization method,and the constituents separated were identified by GC-MS.RESULTS There were 73 constituents from SD extract that composed of about 58.99% of the total essential oil were separated and identified.There were 25 constituents from SFE extract that composed of about 63.43% of the total essential oil were separated and identified.The same constituents were 13 kinds.CONCLUSION The constituents of essential oils extracted by SFE were different from that of extracted by SD.The results provide evidence for understanding the constituents of essential oils in Angelica sinensis.


Progress is reported on achieving accurate, precise and stable standards for monitoring air quality compliance for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide concentrations in earth atmosphere. (PCS)


A method and apparatus for removing excess dopant from the doped substrate. In one embodiment, the substrate is doped by the surface deposition of the dopant, the capping layer is formed, and thermal diffusion drive-in is followed by this. Etchant mixture is reactive with a selective plasma provided to the process chamber to form volatile compounds by etching the capping layer and react with the excess dopant. In another embodiment, the substrate is doped with a high-energy implantation of dopant. Reactive gas mixture is by using a selective plasma provided to the process chamber, and in the vicinity of the excess dopant and the substrate adsorbed on the substrate by reacting with the dopant to form volatile compounds and removing the dopant concentration. Reactive gas mixture may be provided before, after or in may be provided for the heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature and different temperatures. Volatile compounds are removed. Such treated substrates do not form toxic compounds when stored or transported outside the process equipment.


In the last decade technology has advanced tremendously in all fields and health sector is equally benefited. Healthcare is more likely known as e-health in this era of information and technology because of its advancements and opportunities given to health sector. E-health proposes more convenient and approachable accessibility for the health providers and patients. Information technology and electric health together have made the health sector more updated and idealized for individuals. Health devices, appliances and wearables are kind of recent innovations in healthcare. With the trend of health devices and health wearables there have been certain challenges in healthcare sector as well when it comes to clinical acceptance and practice. This literature review aims to define current health scope of wearables, challenges and future if wearables in health industry.


In this study, semi-solid Al-Mg-Si alloy (AC4C) was produced by using the Gas Induced Semi-Solid (GISS) die casting process. The tensile strength and ductility of the semi-solid die cast Al alloy (GISS-DC) after T6 heat treatment were investigated and compared with those of the conventional liquid die casting (CLDC). The microstructures of GISS-DC and CLDC observed by an optical microscopy were presented. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (0.2% YS) of GISS-DC are compatible with those of the CLDC. However, the GISS-DC has better ductility than the CLDC, this may be due to the smaller and more globular primary α-Al phase and rounder shaped-Si particle microstructures presented in the GISS-DC. Common shrinkage pores and defects were also observed by SEM from the fracture surfaces of both alloys.


How to limit the ground settlement to avoid disturbing the adjacent buildings in the shield tunneling has been a matter of engineers' concern. Because the coupling action between the shield tunnel or pipe slice and the soil mass surrounded is very complicated,in order to control the ground settlement,the analysis and calculation of the deformation of soil mass disturbed shall be made. The abnormal loss of the soil layer can be reduced by standardizing the construction program. The soil crevice can be filled to the full extent by selecting proper materials,mixture ratio and process for synchronous grouting and behindwall grouting. The scope of soil mass disturbed and the settlement due to considation can be reduced by pregrouting and regrouting.


The pursuit of next-level railroading is alive and well in the Valley of Mexico's booming industrial district, home to the Ferrovalle Terminal. A renewed focus on customer service has put a premium on information technology (IT) and has given the massive railroad terminal/intermodal facility a better chance at being a better service provider to shippers and other railroads. Ferrovalle handles local switching and interchange traffic for Mexico's three line-haul carriers. Each of the carries has a 25% stake in the terminal and the government holds the remaining 25%, a share that is reserved for a Mexico City passenger rail entity. Ferrovalle also owns Mexico's largest intermodal facility, which has a current annual capacity of about 400,000 containers. Ferrovalle offers logistics, transload, warehousing, customs brokerage and a host of other services. The article will show how Ferrovalle's leadership team has been pushing the technology envelope since the terminal/intermodal facility was privatized in 1998. Software applications developed in-house, including a web-based container tracking system implemented in 2005, are upgraded every year. Last year, crane operators in the terminal's intermodal yard began using Wi-Fi tablets to track containers in real time. This article is about sharing information in real time.


In this article the solution of conflict prevention in military groups with help of physical culture lessons with aim of military personal conflict competence formation is depicted.


Recently, it has been discovered that the electric network frequency (ENF) could be captured by digital audio, video, or even image files, and could further be exploited in forensic investigations. However, the existence of the ENF in multimedia content is not a sure thing, and if the ENF is not present, ENF-based forensic analysis would become useless or even misleading. In this paper, we address the problem of ENF detection in digital audio recordings, which is modeled as the detection of a weak (ENF) signal contaminated by unknown colored wide-sense stationary (WSS) Gaussian noise, while the signal also contains multiple unknown random parameters. We first derive three Neyman-Pearson (NP) detectors, i.e., general matched filter (GMF), matched filter (MF)-like detector, and the asymptotic approximation of the GMF, and choose the MF-like detector as the clairvoyant detector. For practical detectors, we show that the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) could not be efficiently obtained due to the unknown noise and large matrix inversion. Alternatively, we propose two least-squares (LS)-based time domain detectors termed as LS-likelihood ratio test (LRT) and naive-LRT. Further, we propose a time-frequency (TF) domain detector, termed as TF detector, which exploits the a priori knowledge of the ENF. The performances of the derived detectors are extensively analyzed in terms of test statistic distributions, threshold selection, and computational complexity. The naive-LRT detector is found to be only effective for very short recordings. As the data recording length increases, both LS-LRT and TF detectors yield effective detection results, while the latter is approximately a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector. Practical experiments using real audio recordings justify the effectiveness of the proposed detectors and our analysis.


AIM
To describe a group of newborns born from mothers with connective tissue diseases, to determine their perinatal characteristics and the neonatal morbidity, and to assess the possible role of drugs received by mothers on the obstetrical and neonatal morbidity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
During a 34-month period, newborns born from mothers with connective tissue diseases and followed in a single center were prospectively included in the study. In all cases, maternal treatments (i.e. hydroxychloroquine and/or prednisone) were continued during pregnancy.

RESULTS
Among the 73 included infants, 18 (25%) were born before 37 weeks of gestation and 3 (4%) were small for gestational age. A neonatal lupus syndrome with facial rash and thrombopenia was observed in 1 case. No neonatal congenital heart block was observed and maternal treatment did not significantly influence the mean PR or QT intervals. Four infants had minor congenital abnormalities and 3 had feto-maternal infection.

CONCLUSION
These data show that perinatal morbidity is lower than that previously published. We postulate that a strict follow-up during pregnancy may have played a significant positive role in these results.


When entering foreign markets fi rms should consider the special characteristics of international environment, existing intercultural differences, try to recognize factors infl uencing the behaviour and decision-making of consumers, managers, businessmen and negotiators. These characteristics and differences must be respected in the process of preparation and application of suitable marketing policy, corporate and personal management and successful business negotiation.


In this issue of the Southern Medical Journal, Iqbal and colleagues present an extensive review of the burgeoning role of computed tomography colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The evidence is convincing that screening for CRC with fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, optical colonoscopy, and CTC can detect earlystage cancer and precancerous adenomatous polyps. Annual reports from the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrate encouraging trends regarding CRC screening with overall decreasing mortality rates related to CRC. Despite the gains, CRC remains the third most common cause of new cancers and the third leading cause of cancer death. An estimated 22 million eligible individuals still do not undergo CRC screening. Therein lies our challenge and opportunity. Introduced by David Vining almost 2 decades ago, rapid technological improvements necessitate that CTC be considered a serious and practical tool for CRC screening. Multislice CT has significantly improved spatial and temporal resolution and decreased acquisition time and motion artifacts. The development of several low radiation dose techniques has significantly decreased radiation dosage associated with CTC screening. CTC has systematically evolved from being a superspecialist technique performed in only a few centers to becoming a mainstream procedure. An in-depth discussion of the issues and challenges related to screening CTC is beyond the scope of this commentary. Nevertheless, I would like to discuss two key issues: the problem of health disparities related to CRC screening and the deployment of affordable algorithms for screening people at the ''bottom of the pyramid.'' CTC and Health Disparities The term health disparities refers to population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, quality of health care, and access to healthcare services that exist across racial and ethnic groups. A report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention illustrates considerable disparities among ethnic and racial groups in the United States. For CRC screening, Hispanics were the least likely group to report regular screenings, followed by Asians, African Americans, and whites. It is interesting that individuals living in both urban and rural areas experience these disparities. Insular strategies for CRC screening will not effectively address these disparities. Each CRC screening tool has inherent advantages that should be optimally harnessed to reduce, if not eliminate, these disparities. It is unlikely that we have the national capacity of gastroenterologists and surgeons to provide CRC screening with optical colonoscopy alone. Fecal occult blood testing programs may be difficult to implement in rural homes that lack modern plumbing or areas with limited access to the US Postal Service. Friedman et al highlight the exciting potential of CTC to expand the reach of CRC screening, particularly in populations living in remote locations. CTC can mitigate barriers of limited availability of endoscopists to provide screening colonoscopy in remote rural populations. Even more targeted and aggressive initiatives such as mobile CTC units can be deployed in underscreened communities and population subgroups with limited screening choices. The noninvasive nature of CTC may be more appealing to people who are unlikely to accept the more invasive optical colonoscopy. Adherence to a screening regimen will be more important in life-years gained than the particular regimen selected. Minimal bowel preparation CTC undeniably will be a compliance and adherence enhancer. The advantages offered by CTC should be effectively promoted to reduce CRC disparities in specific ethnic and racial subgroups.


Theses and journals are key indicators for academic achievement of a University. Analyzing these academic output assists in assessing and evaluating not merely the quality of students' researches but also the productivity level of supervisors and the contributions made by the faculties and departments of the University. It would also help in identifying research trends and monitoring research and publication activities. The purpose of the present research work is to provide an overall view of International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM academic output as manifested in Master and Ph. D. dissertations produced by the University students in the different postgraduate programmes as well as the refereed journals that are published the University through its different Kulliyyahs and Institutes and Centres. Therefore, concerning the first component, the chapter will cover a long time span since the first postgraduate programme was launched. This requires comprehensive statistical data that will be classified and compared according to different criteria, including years, Kulliyyahs, levels (MA/Ph.D.), specializations, etc. As for journals, similar but not identical criteria will be applied. The end result of the chapter shall consist in providing as accurately as possible a general picture of the volume of academic products in these two respects, without however delving into any analysis of their specific contents, as this will require time and efforts that the immediate purpose of the University commemorative book does not allow for. As such, the chapter will map out the University's academic output in terms of dissertations and journals, thus paving the ground for any future thematic and in-depth analysis and critical evaluation of its contents.
Keywords: IIUM, academic output, research, scholarship, students, dissertations, journals, publication.


In this paper Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is used to study the evolution of the plastic zone close to a crack tip. A modified CT-specimen was used in order to fulfill the plane stress condition. The strain field around the crack tip was measured using two cameras and stereo DIC, so that out-of-plane movements are taken into account. Then, the Virtual Fields Method was used to identify the plastic zone, looking at the parts of the specimen which deviates from the linear elastic behavior. With such approach, it was possible to individuate the onset of plasticity close to the crack tip and follow its evolution. A comparison with FEM results is also provided.


In this study, we examine the influence of university-based education on students' entrepreneurial capabilities. While the prevalence of entrepreneurship education is dramatically increasing worldwide, the education that business and engineering students receive throughout their academic experience wields a direct influence on several entrepreneurial capabilities. The purpose of this study is to measure these educational influences on three specific entrepreneurial capabilities—networking skill, proactiveness, and self-confidence. Moreover, we aim to raise awareness for faculty and students in these various programs as they form networks and optimize the knowledge obtained throughout their education. We test the hypotheses using data collected from 927 university students. Advice for policy makers, university students, and their respective educational departments is further discussed.


Human intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are predominantly T‐cell receptor‐αβ+ (TCR‐αβ+) CD8+ CD45RO+ memory T cells located between intestinal epithelial cells. They respond to a greater extent to stimulation with interleukin (IL)‐15 than to CD3/TCR triggering, suggesting that they react to the cytokine milieu in their local environment rather than to cognate antigen. A newly described member of the γc cytokine family, IL‐21, has potent antitumor effects. As IELs resemble lymphocytes infiltrating neoplastic lesions, their response to IL‐21 may be relevant in vivo. Here, IL‐21 was shown to increase perforin‐mediated cytotoxicity and serine esterase release by IELs. This IL‐21‐mediated up‐regulation occurred without changes in IEL survival or cell division. Interestingly, the effects of IL‐21 occurred without increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), or p38. IL‐21 had no effect on Fas ligand (FL)‐ or tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐mediated cytotoxicity, but it down‐regulated IL‐15‐stimulated expression of CD25 and CD94, indicating that it has both positive and negative actions. This functional profile is unique to human IELs, emphasizing that they are a distinct compartment of lymphocytes and that IL‐21 may promote their role in tumour immunosurveillance.


Two-feet climbing robot is proposed for rotor blade surface damage detection. The penalty function is designed based on the simulated annealing neural network for waypoints inside blade. According to the derivative of path energy function to time, waypoints are updated and move toward the direction reducing the path energy consisting of length and penalty function. According to the curvature variation range, a novel weighted simulated-annealing-temperature updating method is designed to get comprehensive optimization of the path energy and convergence speed. The path planning is accomplished for the root, middle, and tip blade parts, respectively. The asymptotic analysis of the waypoint coordinating updating process was given, and the updated start point is adopted during escaping from inside. The effect of weight on path energy and convergence speed is analyzed. The planning results show the effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm, and the weighted average method is valid for the comprehensive optimization.


In normal state, a complex multicomponent system called glycocalyx is present on the surface of endothelial vascular system. The structure of the glycocalyx is determined by a group of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, originating from endothelial cells and blood flow. Due to its complexity and location on the border of the system of blood circulation, glycocalyx participates in a number of functions supporting the metabolism of the vascular wall. In pathological conditions undergo complete or partial loss of this structure, which leads to inconsistencies in the vascular wall and change its functions. In the first part of this review considers the history of detection and determination of endothelial glycocalyx structure, utilized methods and approaches. Described in detail the molecular composition of the glycocalyx, properties of its components and overall glycocalyx structure..


See also Liu W, Carlisle CR, Sparks EA, Guthold M. The mechanical properties of single fibrin fibers. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1030–6; Weisel JW. Biomechanics in hemostasis and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1027–9; Carlisle CR, Sparks EA, Der Loughian C, Guthold M. Strength and failure of fibrin fiber branchpoints. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1135–8; Guthold M, Carlisle C. Single fibrin fiber experiments suggest longitudinal rather than transverse cross-linking: reply to a rebuttal. This Issue, pp. 2090–1.


A color Doppler mapping method for ophthalmic applications
of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is presented. The proposed method was developed taking into account the regularities that link changes in the interference signal with the changes in the characteristics of the flow of biological fluid through the OCT scanning plane that cause them. The key feature of the proposed algorithm is the multistage analysis of fluctuations in the speckle structure of OCT images. Speckle structures are identified by using the functions of color reversal, convolution using
a given convolution kernel, threshold constraints, morphological processing, convex hull formation, gradient operations, and image recoding.


Time,as a new competitive tool,is important as quality and costs.With more severe competition and fast changing demand today,competition strategies based on time,which can respond quickly to the market and consumers,decrease costs,and increase revenues,have been the primary ways to obtain persistent competition advantages.


Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with current therapy, indicating the need for continued development of novel therapeutic agents. We evaluated the activity of a novel phenylbutyrate‐derived histone deacetylase inhibitor, AR‐42, in primary human myeloma cells and cell lines. AR‐42 was cytotoxic to MM cells at a mean LC50 of 0.18 ± 0.06 μmol/l at 48 hr and induced apoptosis with cleavage of caspases 8, 9 and 3, with cell death largely prevented by caspase inhibition. AR‐42 downregulated the expression of gp130 and inhibited activation of STAT3, with minimal effects on the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, indicating a predominant effect on the gp130/STAT‐3 pathway. AR‐42 also inhibited interleukin (IL)‐6‐induced STAT3 activation, which could not be overcome by exogenous IL‐6. AR‐42 also downregulated the expression of STAT3‐regulated targets, including Bcl‐xL and cyclin D1. Overexpression of Bcl‐xL by a lentivirus construct partly protected against cell death induced by AR‐42. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p16 and p21, were also significantly induced by AR‐42, which together with a decrease in cyclin D1, resulted in G1 and G2 cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, AR‐42 has potent cytotoxicity against MM cells mainly through gp130/STAT‐3 pathway. The results provide rationale for clinical investigation of AR‐42 in MM.


Abstract The centrality of knowledge sharing to organizations' sustainability has been established. This research explores and illustrates the influences for individual professionals and paraprofessionals – specifically civil engineers and design drafters – to share their deep, personally constructed knowledge, in a public sector provider of railways infrastructure. It investigates the extent to which: (i) knowledge sharing will be positively influenced by the professional identity, values and knowledge culture to achieve organizational and project goals; and (ii) sharing of deep personal expertise will be influenced by the quality of relational capital among individuals and individual perspectives. It finds that knowledge sharing develops within frameworks established through the alignment among sector, profession and organization values. However, individual behavior is found to be most strongly influenced by the presence and quality of relational capital and individuals' personal perspectives.


This study is concerned with investigating ways of students in teaching and
learning in English through outdoor experiential learning.
Senior in Harmer (2006) points out that when the students come to class they
bring with them their own personalities and their learning expectations. Their behavior
will also be influenced by their current circumstances and by what happens in the
lessons. There is always, as well, the possibility of interpersonal tensions between
students and between students and their teacher. Based on that, teacher have to know
about students characteristics to plan the good way in teaching and learning of English.
Learning English is still difficult for most students in Ambon. In English learning,
students seldom practice their speaking because they are afraid of making mistakes.
Harmer (2006) said that, students are often reluctant to speak because they are shy and
are not predisposed to expressing themselves in front of other people, especially when
they are being asked to give personal information or opinions. Language is an effective
instrument to build relationship and to cooperate each other. Therefore, the students
should learn how to speak correctly and fluently because the function of speaking is
conveying the ideas and thoughts.
This is related with Jazadi (2009) in Jakarta Post newspaper said that the poor
English proficiency of Indonesian students, both in high school and university, is mostly
because the country's system of teaching English still focuses on studying about a
language rather than studying how to use the language. Ideally, six years of studying
English at high school should be enough to create fundamental communicative
competence. Students should, at least, be able to speak basic English conversation.


The necessity for bird-protection is shown in the results of an exhaustive inquiry made by Mr. William T. Hornaday, of the New York ZoOlogical Garden.' He found that the decrease in bird-life in thirty states for the fifteen years previous to 1898 averaged 46 per cent. Nebraska showed the least decrease, with only ten per cent.; Florida the greatest, with 77 per cent. When we grasp the significance of these figures, we are appalled and at once seek the causes of this destruction. As soon as we learn the


The internal monitoring and Control mechanism in a company can be divided into the monitoring-oriented governance supervision and the control-oriented management supervision. Besides,the mechanism expands its connotations from the angles of internal governance and control respectively. The value of the combination of the governance and management supervision can be found in the following aspects: the diversification deficiency of the subject,the monitoring and control system complement each other,the unification of goals,carriers,principles and the subject,and the integration of strategies,internal auditing,organizational structure and cultural levels. Based on this,the paper puts forward the internal monitoring and control framework from the perspective of the integration of corporate governance and management by coordinating the organizational goals and optimizing the organizational structure.


The value of Kaiping Diaolou as a world heritage site is gradually paid great attention from the public. Meanwhile, how to protect and develop it better becomes an important issue. From the perspective of principal-agent theory, the mode of "trusteeship of property right" (i.e., reserve the ownership to Diaolou of private owners and hand the business management right of Diaolou to the government for centralized management and operation of Diaolou) , which is adopted in development of tourism resources of Kaiping Diaolou, is studied in this paper. It is deemed that there are complicated principal-agent relationships existing among the owners of Diaolou, tourism development companies and the local government who participate in the tourism resource development of Kaiping Diaolou, such as bilateral principal-agent with single task, principal-agent with multiple tasks, principal-agent with multiple agents and multi-level principal-agent. Moreover, various principal-agent problems may occur in the further development of tourism resources. Finally, on this basis, the research framework for such kind of problems is put forward.


A DCS simulation system based on Deltav、Excel and Matlab is proposed.The DDE communication software is designed by using S-function based on Matlab language.The data link between TE chemical process module and Excel is implemented with the DDE software.The data link between Deltav and Excel is achieved with OPC technology.The Excel is a database of Matlab and Deltav.The data exchange is implemented here.