This paper proposes a rapid and accurate evaluation scheme for cycle counts of a pipelined processor using evaluation reuse technique. Since exploration of an optimal processor is a time-consuming task due to large design space, fast evaluation methodology for an architecture is crucial. We introduce the performance simulation model which can evaluate the performance without considering the functional correctness. This model has an FSM-like form and can afford to take all hazard types of pipelined architectures into consideration. The proposed approach is based on the property that an application program, especially multimedia application, has many iterative loops in general. This property invokes many iterative operations in the simulation. Evaluation reuse scheme can alleviate redundantly iterative operations of conventional simulators in the loop. A performance simulator for the pipeline architecture has been developed through which greater speedup has been made compared with other approaches in the evaluation of cycle counts.


This assignment is split into two sections: Neural Machine Translation with RNNs and Analyzing NMT Systems. The first is primarily coding and implementation focused, whereas the second entirely consists of written, analysis questions. If you get stuck on the first section, you can always work on the second as the two sections are independent of each other. The notation and implementation of the NMT system is a bit tricky, so if you ever get stuck along the way, please come to Office Hours so that the TAs can support you. We also highly recommend reading Zhang et al (2020) to better understand the Cherokee-to-English translation task, which served as inspiration for this assignment.


In order to increase the power density while decreasing footprint and cost for power modules, double sided modules will become an inevitable way forward for the power module industry. The challenges, advantages, and manufacturability of a vertical chip stacked power module for double sided cooling applications by using low cost materials and flexible processes are presented, highlighting some of the most critical environmental testing challenges for the automotive industry as well as challenges in electrical schematic designs. Thermal mechanical stress, thick film dielectric breakdown voltage, stray inductance, and thermal resistance will be discussed in further detail as well as some of the benefits of a high performance and cost effective power module.


Let $V$ be a symmetric space over a connected reductive Lie algebra $G$, with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and discriminant $\delta\in \mathbb{C}[V]$. A fundamental object is the \emph{invariant holonomic system} $ \mathcal{G} =\mathcal{D}(V)\Big/ \Bigl(\mathcal{D}(V)\mathfrak{g}+ \mathcal{D}(V)(\mathrm{Sym}\, V)^G_+ \Bigr) $ over the ring of differential operators $\mathcal{D}(V)$. Jointly with Levasseur we have shown that there exists a surjective radial parts map $\mathrm{rad}$ from $ \mathcal{D}(V)^G$ to the spherical subalgebra $A_{\kappa}$ of a Cherednik algebra. When $A_{\kappa}$ is simple we show that $\mathcal{G}$ has no $\delta$-torsion submodule nor factor module and we determine when $\mathcal{G}$ is semisimple, thereby answering questions of Sekiguchi, respectively Levasseur-Stafford. In the diagonal case when $V=\mathfrak{g}$, these results reduce to fundamental theorems of Harish-Chandra and Hotta-Kashiwara. We generalise these results to polar representations $V$ satisfying natural conditions. By twisting the radial parts map, we obtain families of invariant holonomic systems. We introduce shift functors between the different twists. We show that the image of the simple summands of $\mathcal{G} $ under these functors is described by Opdam's KZ-twist.


Despite the worldwide interest in transforming curricula, there have been limited case study examinations of what really happens within an open distance and e-learning (ODeL) South African university context. By using the psychosocial and social identity theories, we highlight the complexities involved in transforming decades of teaching and learning practices. The reports from five colleges highlighted three key themes, namely curriculum responsiveness, decolonisation and identity issues. From these we developed a framework to help capture some of the complexities, identified implications and charted a new direction for future studies within the South African post-colonial and post-apartheid arena.


Recently, force measurement systems are commonly used in many industrial fields and the precision of the measurement system is getting more important as the industry needs more precise tools and in struments to make high quality products. However, a high precision force measurement system is hard to...


The shared nature of the current concerns about education and embracing cultural differences require that people across the world are more educated to understanding and accepting these for the well being of anyone. Culture plays an important place in all aspects of life, including education. In turn, education influence the material and spiritual structures of any culture. The paper aims to highlight the importance of education and cultural features in the new global society. Multicultural education improves communication in a global society. Modern technology and the Internet have an important role in this regard. Educational systems are very different, so the acceptance of cultural differences is the attribute of progressive, multicultural education. Policies for educational systems are made by people; governments make decisions more emotionally than rationally. Positive emotions define the areas of progress in overcoming cultural barriers. Negative feelings, stereotypes, prejudices delimit the regression in the same process. Environmental forces amplify or diminish the movement for multicultural education. Educational deficiencies favor the establishment of a conservative culture in any structure. Progressive education facilitates the acceptance of differences. Imitation works in any community. Any national group will embrace or reject other cultural features; it depends on cultural, political, and educational dominance. The effects of collective imitation are slow but continuous; people become or not tolerant, regarding other cultures. The culture of the place touches everyone: "with a stick or a caress". Education in a culture of compromises or respect, and tolerance choose between embracing or rejecting the cultural differences.


The weld process of large complicated structure is computed with general FEM software ANSYS and the welding distortion is obtained.Welding distortion to large complicated structure is analysed with thermal elastic-plastic FEM.Different kinds of elements and predigesting structure,which did not influence the calculation accuracy,is adopted.Based on the premise of heat equivalency effect,the weld process is predigested by the use of combinatorial multi-beads to reduce the number of bead.The distortion is analysed and the measures to decrease the distortion are put forward.Then welding distortion analysis of large complicated structure is achieved with thermal elastic-plastic FEM.In the simplified model of stainless steel tank,with the increase in the number of welding road,the deformation is more and more close to the actual welding distortion.Meanwhile the reduces of maximum deformation of direction y trends to be slowed,and its maximum collapse is less than 4.22mm.The research results provid a good theoritical basis for the control of welding distortion of the complex pressure cabin structure.


Objective To optimize the enriching technology of volatile oil from Zingiberis Rhizoma by ultrafiltration membrane.Methods The oil-water system of Zingiberis Rhizoma was selected as subject,using orthogonal design,taking stable membrane flux and chemical oxygen demand(COD) retention rate as comprehensive evaluation indexes.Results The optimum conditions of YSM7 × 104 ultrafiltration membrane for oil-water separation of Zingiberis Rhizoma volatile oil were as following: the pressure of 0.15 MPa,temperature at 60 ℃,and the rotation speed at 150 r/min.The sequence for process parameters was: pressure,temperature,and rotation speed.Conclusion Enriching technology for the volatile oil of Zingiberis Rhizoma by ultrafiltration membrane has a broad applying prospect in large-scale production.


Most of the discussion at AFIR Colloquia has focused on asset modelling, and in particular the term structure of interest rates. This paper presents a more practical aspect of stochastic modelling dealing with Universal Life plans as they are commonly sold in the U.S. This involves modelling both the asset and the liability sides. The asset modelling is fairly normal. The liability modelling requires modelling of behaviors that are variously ineffkient including interest crediting strategy, premium suspension, policy loan activity and policy surrender. The paper explores how these activities may be modelled.


Objective To investigate the clinic distribution and antibiotic resistance of the Gram-negative bacillus in children with respiratory tract infection and to providing experimental basis that clinical doctors use antibiotic correctly and efficiently.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on sputum cultivation and antibiotic resistance test results of respiratory tract infection children in pediatrics our hospital from Jan 2012 to Nov 2012.Results :507 strains were isolated from 918 samples,positive rate was about 55.2%.Gram-negative bacillus accounted for 44.2%(224) of the positive culture results.The major Gram-negative bacillus were Escherichia coli(39.7%),Klebsierlla pneumoniae(11.6%),Enterobacter cloacae(10.3%),Enterobacter aerogenes(8.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(6.7%).Antimicrobial resistance testing showed that Escherichia coli and Klebsierlla pneumoniae had the most resistance to amoxicillin,piperacillin and cefalotin(80%),them were sensitive to meropenem and imipenem.Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin(93.3%),but sensitive to meropenem and imipenem.Conclusion It is necessary to paid attention to detection of pathogens and susceptibility test in clinical practice.Clinical treatment should be chosen according to antimicrobial susceptibility test,to reduce the incidence of muti-drug-resistant bacteria.


We measure direct multiphoton photoemission of the Au(111) surface state with 800-nm laser pulses. We observe the parabolic dispersion in the angular distribution of photoelectrons having absorbed between four and seven photons. The k dispersion we measure can be explained in terms of Shockley-state replicas, with a nascent hot electrons distribution at k above the Fermi level. Moderate laser power densities, of the order of 100 GW/cm 2 , resulted in large electron yields, indicating the importance of multiphoton excitations to define the electronic and magnetic properties of matter in the first hundred femtoseconds after laser excitation.


In this aritcle,he continuous emission monitoring system is introduced,including its system,operational principle.The existential questions are also analyzed.And thehe improvement of increasing the time sweeping function is put and implemented.


FTX ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization bulk catalyst with high activity W-Mo-Ni metal system was prepared by investigating the process and condition of catalyst preparation.The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by BET,XRD,SEM and TEM techniques.The results showed that FTX catalyst with high loadings and uniform dispersion of active metals possessed suitable specific surface area and pore volume,which led to considerable active sites.The evaluation results illustrated that FTX catalyst exhibited excellent the ultra-deep HDS activity in 200 mL hydrogenation unit,and could produce clean diesel oil which met European Ⅴ standard.FTX catalyst possessed good hydrogenation activity especially while treating poor diesel,and had wide range of application.


A new approach to the problem of natural language understanding is proposed. The knowledge domain under consideration is the social behavior of people. English sentences are translated into set of predicates of a semantic database, which describe persons, occupations, organizations, projects, actions, events, messages, machines, things, animals, location and time of actions, relations between objects, thoughts, cause-and-effect relations, abstract objects. There is a knowledge base containing the description of semantics of objects (functions and structure), actions (motives and causes), and operations.


Our world seems to be globalizing, yet in practice, it is marked more than ever by what Tania Murray Li calls "a conjuncture of belonging." The notion of autochthony plays a special role in this obsession with belonging as some sort of primordial claim: How can one belong more than if one is born from the soil itself? Since the 1990s, the notion has played a key role in politics in several parts of Africa. Yet, its spread has now become truly global. Comparisons with other parts of the world show that this notion retains its apparently "natural" self-evidence and, hence, its mobilizing force, in very different contexts. This article focuses on the notion of autochthony and its ambiguous implications for citizenship and exclusion. The classical example of Athens from the fifth century BC is of particular interest since it was the very cradle of autochthony thinking, yet it also highlights autochthony's inherent ambiguities that haunt the world today.


Objective To find the relationship between ER,PR,C-erB-2 and bone metastasis of lung adenocacinoma,and to analz bone metastasis time and survival time of lung adenocacinoma patients by way of multiple factors correlation analysis.Methods Expression levels of ER,PR,and C-erB-2 in 96 lung adenocacinoma patients were investigated by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Result The level of ER,PR,and C-erB-2 had no difference between the bone metastasis group and the no bone metastasis group(P=0.34,0.60,0.26),but once they expressed,the level were higher in the bone metastasis group,most were + + or + + +.The earlier the T and N stage were,the longer the bone metastasis time and the OS were.Expression of ER and C-erB-2 had a relationship with the time of bone metastasis appearance and the OS(P0.05).Conclusions ER,PR,and C-erB-2 have no relationship with bone metastasis of lung adenocacinoma;while ER and C-erB-2 have a close relationship with the time of bone metastasis appearance OS of lung adenocacinoma.


A one-fluid solar wind model is used to investigate some relations between coronal heating, the flux tube divergence near the Sun, and the solar wind proton flux and flow speed. The effects of energy addition to the supersonic region of the flow are also studied. We allow for a mechanical energy flux that heats the corona, and an Alfven wave energy flux that adds energy, mainly to the supersonic flow, both as momentum and as heat. We find that the mechanical energy flux determines the solar wind mass flux, and in order to keep an almost constant proton flux at the orbit of Earth with changing flow geometry, that the mechanical energy flux must vary linearly with the magnetic field in the inner corona. This thermally driven wind generally has a low asymptotic flow speed. When Alfven waves are added to the thermally driven flow, the asymptotic flow speed is increased and is determined by the ratio of the Alfven wave and the mechanical energy fluxes at the coronal base. Flow speeds characteristic of recurrent high-speed solar wind streams can be obtained only when the Alfven wave energy flux, deposited in the supersonic flow, is larger than the mechanical energy flux heating the corona.


ABSTRACT The effects of freezing, drying, high temperatures, or various combinations of these on the eggs of the fresh-water ostracode Heterocypris incongruens were studied. In addition, the fate of 2,662 eggs of known parentage and time of laying was followed for 125 days. The results of the environmental experiments show that the eggs remain viable after drying at both 22°C and 40°C, and after being frozen wet or dry at -18°C. Eggs maintained wet at 40°C did not hatch. The result of the known parentage experiment showed that H. incongruens produces two types of eggs; one type develops and hatches within 10 days of laying, and another remains dormant for varying periods of time after being produced. Both types of eggs may be produced by the same individual, although some individuals may produce only dormant eggs. No female produced only rapidly developing eggs. There is no discernible pattern in the production of the two egg types, and the production of dormant eggs does not depend on recognizable changes in environmental factors. Furthermore, neither the age of the parent nor the number of eggs produced by her affects the type of egg laid. Eighty-five percent of the eggs produced are dormant with only a few capable of hatching whenever conditions arc suitable for growth. For an animal living in temporary ponds and seeps this means that some eggs are always in effect monitoring the environment for suitable hatching conditions. If these conditions occur and do not persist long enough for the hatchlings to reach maturity, other eggs will still be viable and available for hatching when favorable conditions return again.


Abstract William Temple is best known for his contribution to the forging of a social consensus that resulted in the foundation of the post-war British welfare state following his untimely death in 1944 after only two years as Archbishop of Canterbury. Widely regarded as the most theologically gifted holder of that office since Anselm, his pioneering contribution to the elucidation of a methodology for Christian social ethics which emphasized the role of 'Principles' that should inform Christian social action and reflection reinvigorated the Church of his generation in the task of bringing to bear the Christian message on social problems. What is less well appreciated is how he was not only the spokesperson for the most advanced Christian witness in the inter-war years, but that he also provided a basis for Christian ethics that brought together the strengths of the Anglican incarnational theology stemming from F. D. Maurice with the British tradition of philosophical social idealism. Often moving from the circumference to the centre, he sought to relate philosophical questions and insights to the richness of the revelation of God in the person of Jesus Christ. He was as at home in this task as he was in leading a mission on a Blackpool beach and the British public loved him for it. He was, as Winston Churchill said at the time of his elevation to Canterbury, "the half-crown article in a penny bazaar."


Energy efficiency is vital for a mobile terminal. In this paper we investigate how to choose the right parameter settings at run-time so that the energy consumption is minimized while satisfying the required level of service. To use a real world example, the energy consumption of a third generation telephone WCDMA downlink receiver with turbo decoding forward error correction is considered. A trade-off is made between the number of fingers of a rake receiver and the number of iterations of the turbo decoder. A simulation environment is constructed to simulate the system. In this paper we present graphs, with which the trade-off can be easily made.


The study of the immune response in several types of tumors has been rapidly increasing in recent years with the dual aim of understanding the interactions between neoplastic and immune cells and its importance in cancer pathogenesis and progression, as well as identifying targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite being considered one of the most immunogenic tumor types, melanoma can progress in the presence of abundant lymphocytic infiltration, therefore suggesting that the immune response is not able to efficiently control tumor growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 97 canine melanocytic tumors is associated with histologic indicators of malignancy and can be considered a prognostic factor in the dog. As a further step in the characterization of the immune response in melanocytic tumors, an immunohistochemical investigation was performed to evaluate the two main populations of TILs, T-lymphocytes (CD3+ ) and B-lymphocytes (CD20+ ). The results of our study show that TILs are present in a large proportion of canine melanocytic tumors, especially in oral melanomas, and that the infiltrate is usually mild. The quantity of CD20+ TILs was significantly associated with some histologic prognostic factors, such as the mitotic count, the cellular pleomorphism and the percentage of pigmented cells. Remarkably, a high infiltration of CD20+ TILs was associated with tumor-related death, presence of metastasis/recurrence, shorter overall and disease-free survival, increased hazard of death and of developing recurrence/metastasis, hence representing a potential new negative prognostic factor in canine melanocytic tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This research and development resulted in a smash training model in volleyball games for beginners and obtained data on the development and application of the smash training model and to determine the effectiveness of the resulting model. This study uses the Research and Development method of Borg and Gall. The subjects of this study were extracurricular members of high school students studying 30 people. The stages of this research are needs analysis, expert testing, small group testing, large group testing, and model effectiveness testing usi ng volleyball smash tests are used to determine the level of smash ability of beginner athletes, pret ests get an average value of 15, 05, and post test get an average value of 20,75. Based on data analysis using the t test it was concluded that there were differences between the pre -test and posttest results given the training model of the developed smash training. With this model the smash practice in volleyball games for beginners is effective for improving the volleyball smash ability.


Background: Stones formation is a common complication after cystectomy including stones of the upper urinary tract and reservoir or conduit. Advances in instrumentation and techniques have expanded treatment options, while minimizing morbidity.
Aims and Objectives: Feasibility of urolithiasis management after urinary diversion surgery.
Materials and Methods: Eleven patients of diversion with stone were observed from January 01, 2015, to July 30, 2022. Operative procedures were decided on basis on stone locations and size. Perioperative parameters were observed and compared with similar studies. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, percutaneous-based antegrade ureteroscopy with semi-rigid or flexible ureteroscope, transurethral reservoir lithotripsy, percutaneous pouch lithotripsy, and open operation were performed. The operative finding and complications were retrospectively collected and analyzed.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.2±8.1 years and mean pre-operative stone diameter was 3.1±3.5 cm. Three patients suprapubic cystolithotomy, two patients percutaneous cystolithotripsy, two patients percutaneous nephrolithitomy, two patients extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, one patient per urethral cystolithotripsy/cystolitholapexy, and one patient ureteroscopy/flexible ureteroscopy were done. The male-to-female ratio was 9/2. Stone-free rate was 100% after single session of treatment. In the post-operative period, fever was observed in two patients, and urinary leakage through wound site in one patient.
Conclusion: Stone surgery after urinary diversion is challenging, success of treatment depends on experience of surgical team, pre-operative preparation, and correct instrumentations.


We consider a Josephson junction with an applied dc current and nonperiodic time-dependent magnetic field. Despite this nonperiodicity, one may use Melnikov's method to derive the bifurcation curves analytically. We give the critical theoretical value I/sub c/ of the dc current separating qualitatively different regions, essentially one region where the solutions (Josephson phase difference phi) rotate (infinite period) and another region where they oscillate (finite period). Numerical simulations are given and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


In order to tackle the Corona Virus Disease, it took a considerable amount of time for the governments to come up with effective and efficient vaccines. After the vaccines were developed, the next challenge was to supply the vaccines to various designated centers based on demographics, population distribution, and other factors. The whole system for vaccine supply played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also saw a lot of haphazard and mismanagement in some places especially when the cases per day surged high, as people weren't prepared for such a situation. Now that we have got enough data, we can use it to optimize the vaccine supply across various Covid Vaccination Centers and be prepared for any such circumstances in the future. In this paper, we have proposed a two-step approach where considering the past supply and wastage data we performed a classification task that indicates whether doses are to get wasted at a given center. If yes, we then perform demand forecasting based on the number of administered doses so that the wastage can be reduced, and supply can be optimized.


Background Opioid-induced respiratory depression driven by ligand binding to mu-opioid receptors is a leading cause of opioid-related fatalities. Buprenorphine, a partial agonist, binds with high affinity to mu-opioid receptors but displays partial respiratory depression effects. The authors examined whether sustained buprenorphine plasma concentrations similar to those achieved with some extended-release injections used to treat opioid use disorder could reduce the frequency and magnitude of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Methods In this two-period crossover, single-centre study, 14 healthy volunteers (single-blind, randomized) and eight opioid-tolerant patients taking daily opioid doses ≥90 mg oral morphine equivalents (open-label) received continuous intravenous buprenorphine or placebo for 360 minutes, targeting buprenorphine plasma concentrations of 0.2 or 0.5 ng/mL in healthy volunteers and 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0 ng/mL in opioid-tolerant patients. Upon reaching target concentrations, participants received up to four escalating intravenous doses of fentanyl. The primary endpoint was change in isohypercapnic minute ventilation (VE). Additionally, occurrence of apnea was recorded. Results Fentanyl-induced changes in VE were smaller at higher buprenorphine plasma concentrations. In healthy volunteers, at target buprenorphine concentration of 0.5 ng/mL, the first and second fentanyl boluses reduced VE by [LSmean (95% CI)] 26% (13–40%) and 47% (37–59%) compared to 51% (38–64%) and 79% (69–89%) during placebo infusion (p = 0.001 and < .001, respectively). Discontinuations for apnea limited treatment comparisons beyond the second fentanyl injection. In opioid-tolerant patients, fentanyl reduced VE up to 49% (21–76%) during buprenorphine infusion (all concentration groups combined) versus up to 100% (68–132%) during placebo infusion (p = 0.006). In opioid-tolerant patients, the risk of experiencing apnea requiring verbal stimulation following fentanyl boluses was lower with buprenorphine than with placebo (odds ratio: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.0 to 0.3; p = 0.001). Interpretation Results from this proof-of-principle study provide the first clinical evidence that high sustained plasma concentrations of buprenorphine may protect against respiratory depression induced by potent opioids like fentanyl.


Abstract The macrolide fraction of Angelica root oil was analyzed and quantified by GC (coinjection) and GC/MS. ω-Alkanolides C13 (50.0%, [1]), C14 (0.5%, [5]), C15 (42.0%, [2]), C16 (trace, [6]), and C17 (3–5%, [4]) as well as 12-methyl-13-tridecanolide (4.0%, [3]) were identified. The enantiomeric composition of the latter compound with characteristic odor differences of the enantiomers was found to be 72.4 % (12R)-(+)-3 and 27.6 % (12S)-(-)-3.


The 2008 financial crisis had a major impact on financial markets, especially on the banking system. Mortgage-backed security investments were among the causes that determined the tremendous shortage of cash. Before the crisis, American banks were considered important investors on these markets, as indicated by the structure of their assets and liabilities. How grounded were their investment decisions? To answer this question, the study examined the influence of financial performance on bank assets and liabilities of the most important 45 banks from Europe and Israel, United States of America, and Canada during the period 2006–2020. Through a panel generalized method of moments approach, empirical results indicated a strong impact of bank assets and liabilities ratios on financial performance indicators. The study emphasizes that bank managers, researchers, regulators, and supervisors should consider investment policies, especially for bank assets and liabilities. Therefore, a high level of interest income is an important tool for increasing assets and liabilities. At the same time, fees are other levers that could improve bank benefits and ultimately develop the lending activity when interest income enters a descending trend.


This has been an exciting year for Weed Science. We have introduced a new template for the journal that has given it a more modern look. After discussing the issue for several years, we have implemented a new way to refer to common and scientific names of crop and weed species to bring the journal more in line with other international journals of pest management. It has been great to see an increased use of color in figures and photos. Weed Science continues to be one of the premier journals in the discipline and in the agronomic sciences. The editorial board and the staff strive to improve the efficiency of the publication process and improve the scope of the journal. Weed Science seeks to publish more reviews and symposium articles. This past year, Weed Science received three reviews submitted. For the 12 months preceding October 1, 2018, there were 233 manuscripts submitted to Weed Science compared to 237 in the previous 12-month period. Of the manuscripts submitted, 40.2% were accepted compared to 35.1% the previous year. The time from submission to first decision was 35.6 days this past year compared to 39.8 days for the previous year. We are happy to report that the impact factor forWeed Science increased above 2.00 for the first time to 2.004 from 1.867 this past year, and the 5-year impact factor increased from 2.167 to 2.351. For the year preceding October 1, 2018, the journal depended on 287 unique reviewers. The excellent reputation of the journal would not be possible without the cutting-edge research submitted by authors and the diligent work of the editorial board and the hundreds of referred reviews that are submitted annually. I wish to thank the members of the editorial board and reviewers for 2018.


Zinc phosphite was an excellent preservative pigment which was extensively applied in coating industry.In terms of the reductibility of phosphorous acid,the phosphorous acid was oxidized with potassium bichromate in sulfuric acid.Excessive potassium bichromate could be titrated with ammonium ferrous sulfate,and 1,10-phenanthroline indicated the end point of titration and estimated the phosphorous acid content.A good linear relationship was presented between 8~72 mg.The detection limit was 8mg and the relative standard deviation was less than 1.27%.The recovery rate was between 99.87%~100.22%.


The impact of simultaneous Cd and Zn amendments in the substrate on the accumulation of Cd and Zn were studied in a recently discovered Cd/ Zn hyperaccumulating Thlaspi praecox (Brassicaceae) and compared to a model hyperaccumulating plant species T. caerulescens. The plants were grown in pots with added Cd or Zn or both for three months in a greenhouse. The addition of Zn in the substrate increased Cd extractability in the substrate significantly without a significant pH change and this increase resulted in increased concentration and content of Cd in the shoots of both species indicating that species have similar abilities to extract Cd from the substrate. In the combined treatment (Cd and Zn) an increase in shoot biomass accompanied with a decrease in Zn concentration in roots and shoots of both species was observed, while no changes in total accumulated Zn in shoots were seen. These results suggest different uptake and translocation systems for Cd and Zn in T. praecox, positioning this plant species in the superior Cd hyperaccumulating league of T. caerulescens Ganges ecotype.


Objective To evaluate the response and acute toxicity of concomitant radiochemotherapy for middle and advanced esophageal carcinomas.?Methods 78 cases of middle and advanced esophageal carcinoma were randomized into two groups ( n =39 each). One group were treated with radiotherapy combined with 5-Fu and DDP (R+C group); the other group were given radiotherapy alone (R group). 6 MV or 15 MV X-ray was administrated conventionally, with a total dose of 66~70 Gy/33~35F. 4 cycles of chemotherapy were given, with two combined with radiotherapy, the other two given after the radiotherapy. All patients were followed up for 3 years.?Results The immediate complete response (CR) in R+C group and R group was 79% and 51%, respectively ( P 0.05). The R+C group showed higher 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates than R group (74.4%, 51.2% and 35.9% vs. 48.7%, 30.7% and 20.5% respectively, P 0.01). However, the side effects (bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal irritation ) were more serious in the R+C group ( P 0.05).?Conclusion?Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the middle and advanced esophageal carcinomas are synergetic in action, and further clinical study on this regimen is worth while.


Dialogue 1A:Is this where I have to check in for the B.O.A.C. flight to Delhi?B:Yes, that's right. May I have your tickets?And your bags. Put them on the scales. And your health certificates, please.A:Here they are.B:Are you keeping that small bag as hand-luggage,sir?


A line scan camera based lane following robot is an autonomous robot build for the Freescalecup™ competition. The Freescale™ racing car which builds up with a line scan camera and peripheral actuators such as motors are expected to complete the racing track which provided by Freescale™. The camera will provide the KL25Z microprocessor with signal representing the line scan result, a cross section line representing the upcoming track. In order to understand the signals provide by the camera, a real-time system to monitor the input signal is made. The digitized signal will be transferred from the KL25Z microprocessor wirelessly (Wi-Fi) to the monitoring PC. The received data will then be analysed in real-time with Matlab. Apart from the signal monitoring the Freescale™ racing car also need to undergo calibrating procedure to ensure the performance of the system is at the maximum level. The overall system is modelled into a closed loop system which allows the robot to manoeuvre and complete the racing track. PD controller is added to the closed loop for error compensation and to stabilize the system.


This paper surveys the most recent development of corporate governance after financial crisis of 2008,and proposes an integrated framework of corporate governance.The framework emphasizes the comprehensive and systematic nature of corporate governance.The core of the framework is the quality of decision-making.While value-creation is the ultimate goal,a healthy corporate governance mechanism should include risk-management,and be established in a stakeholder perspective.The tools to analyzing corporate governance are not limited to economics,but also include psychology,behavior science,and behavior finance,as well.Finally,the paper discusses the theoretical,practical,and policy implications of the integrated framework.


In the nearly two years since Congress directed the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to require states to set aside 5% of their Mental Health Block Grant (MHBG) allocation to support services that address the needs of individuals with early serious mental illness, including psychosis, states have gained momentum in treating youth and young adults and their families.


Background: The aim of the retrospective study was to reveal the pattern of bone loss in elderly women com- pared with early postmenopausal women. Material: The group of 254 women was studied, among them were 40 elderly women (mean age 74.7+/-4.0 y.) and 214 early postmenopausal women (mean age 53.4+/-3.7 y.). Skeletal status was evaluated using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the calcaneus (Achilles, Lunar, USA). Parameters measured were: Speed of Sound (SOS (m/s)), Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA (dB/MHz)) and Stiffness Index (SI (%)). Results: In elderly women age, years since menopause (YSM) and body size did not influence significantly ultrasound values, only positive influence of weight and body mass index on BUA was observed (p<0.05). In early postmenopausal women YSM negatively affected SOS (p<0.05), BUA (p=0.05) and SI (p<0.05), body size had generally a positive impact on all QUS parameters, and the percentage of life with menstruation positively affected SOS (p<0.05). In multiple step- wise regression analyses in elderly women only weight had a positive effect on BUA, and in early postmenopausal women, weight was a protective factor for all parameters, age negatively influenced BUA and SI, and YSM negatively in- fluenced SOS. Multiple stepwise regression analysis in the whole group showed that weight was a protective factor and age was a negative factor for all QUS parameters. Conclusion: The pattern of bone loss in the elderly differs in comparison to younger postmenopausal women, and the weight among factors assessed was the only protective one in postmenopausal women. Maintaince of body weight seems to be the most important in osteoporosis prevention.


The relative neutron irradiation hardness of photoconductive and photovoltaic InSb infrared detectors is examined for various operating modes and conditions. It is found that photoconductors are much less vulnerable to fast neutrons at 78K than are photovoltaic detectors. The damage mechanisms for photovoltaic detectors are increased leakage currents coupled with a decrease of minority carrier lifetime in the bulk region with a damage constant of 1.5 × 10-14 ¿m-2 n-1 cm2, while a carrier removal rate of 1.1 cm-1 is established for 14 MeV neutron-irradiated p-type InSb with an initial carrier concentration of ~3 × 1014 cm-3. It is shown that these changes in material parameters can be used to predict fast neutron damage under all realistic operating conditions. The effects of neutron irradiations on signal, noise, current-voltage characteristics and spectral response are discussed in detail.


Heavy metal (HM) pollution of surface and ground water bodies is currently considered as one of the world's most alarming environmental problems. The extraction methods for HM include precipitation, ion-exchange, electrolysis, and adsorption, among others. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In general, these techniques are limited either by selective operation or high operations costs. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a rather novel group of compounds displaying manifold special properties, are considered rather environmental friendly and have been tested for heavy metal extraction quite successfully in the last years (Stojanovic & Keppler, 2012). Amongst others Aliquat 336-based ILs have shown their potential towards metal extraction in the past (eg Kogelnig et al., 2008). Although most of the ILs are hydrophobic substances, their transition into aqueous solution, the so-called "leaching", presents a major drawback regarding their environmental friendliness. Therefore their immobilization in proper matrices has the potential to limit the leaching of ILs (Zhang et al., 2011). The aim of this work was to study the extraction potential of Aliquat 336-based ILs immobilized in polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA) beads to determine optimal extraction conditions for Hg and Pt with minimized leaching effects.


Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and by progressive heterotopic bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein are uniquely overexpressed in lymphocytes and lesional cells from patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. However, the BMP-4 gene is not mutated in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The activities of BMPs are specified in part by the formation of morphogen gradients that are further regulated by an array of secreted antagonists. Recent studies have indicated that BMP-4 upregulates the expression of the BMP antagonists noggin, gremlin, and follistatin, thereby establishing an autoregulatory feedback loop. Therefore, a defect in the feedback pathway between BMP-4 and one or more of its extracellular antagonists could contribute to the elevated BMP-4 activity characteristic of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.Methods: Basal and BMP-4-induced expression of noggin, gremlin, follistatin, and chordin mRNA were investigated in control and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lymphoblastoid cell lines with use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis.Results: In the absence of exogenous BMP-4 stimulation (basal state), steady-state levels of all of the BMP antagonists that were investigated were similar in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and control cell lines. Upon stimulation with recombinant human BMP-4, control lymphoblastoid cell lines exhibited a marked increase in expression of noggin and gremlin mRNA. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva cells, however, showed a dramatically attenuated response to BMP-4 stimulation compared with that of controls.Conclusions: These data indicate a paresis of a BMP-antagonist response, suggesting the loss of a negative feedback mechanism by which cells normally regulate the magnitude and boundaries of ambient morphogenetic signals. This paresis may account in part for the increased BMP-4 activity in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.Clinical Relevance: Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of BMP-antagonist-based strategies in the therapy for patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and other disorders of excessive bone formation. Furthermore, our studies suggest the importance of modulating endogenous BMP-antagonist activity in therapeutic applications of BMP-induced osteogenesis.


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Demonstration plots were conducted at 3 villages of Ca Sang, Ca Lang A and Vinh Binh, No. 2 Ward, Vinh Chau town, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam on an onion-based cropping system in 2010-2011 on 33.1 ha of 93 farmer fields by implementation of model farming. Management practices applied the integrated crop management (ICM) with (i) water conservation by increasing the thickness of rice straw mulching; (ii) fertilization that followed the safe onion cultivation by reducing the chemical fertilizer and supplementing with bio-organic fertilizer (200-500 kg/ha); (iii) pest management following IPM combined with bio-insecticides. Model farming that applied ICM showed high efficiency and became one of the effective adaptation measures. The adaptive management practices remarkably contributed in solving the watering control on onionbased cropping system under drought and salt instrusion in coastal region of Vinh Chau, Soc Trang where underground water is a sole water input in the dry season. The water input saved ranged from 9.5% to 13.3%. These methods also helped to improve the cultivation environment and effectively prevented soil degradation. Economic efficiency increased from 8.9% to 58.6% compared with traditional farming practices.


Vendors have recently been offering more products and solutions for IT system "automation" management. Fujitsu's "Systemwalker Resource Coordinator" is a product that provides an infrastructure for automation to reduce the administrative costs of a complex, large-scale IT system. Although the term "automation" is often used to discuss system management, how this technology can be applied to actual systems and what benefits it will provide are not fully understood. Automation entails certain aspects such as monitoring, correcting, and acting. Systemwalker Resource Coordinator provides provisioning technology for self-acting. This paper outlines the provisioning technology of Systemwalker Resource Coordinator and cites several case studies in describing how Systemwalker Resource Coordinator resolves many common issues facing system administrators.


The aim of this paper is to study the semi-classical behaviour of Schr\"odinger's dynamics for an one-dimesional quantum Hamiltonian with a classical hyperbolic trajectory. As in the regular case (elliptic trajectory), we prove, that for an initial wave packets localized in energy, the dynamics follows the classical motion during short time. And, for large time, a new period for the dynamics appears : the wave packets revivals.


In late 2004, manufacturers of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) voluntarily discontinued the production and sales of two of their products used as flame retardants in the United States. This phase-out was due to government pressure and threatening data about the environmental fate and health effects of these compounds. It was welcomed by many, but I believe that the response was too slow, the issue was avoidable, and that sales of another PBDE should be discontinued. Over the past two decades, PBDEs have emerged as a new class of organic contaminants joining predecessors like 1,1,1trichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PBDEs were used in appliances, textiles, plastics, foams, and other products where human exposure was inevitable. Like PCBs, PBDEs are composed of a group of 209 possible congeners that are hydrophobic and have a tendency to partition into fats and other pools of organic matter in the environment. They are a bit less stable in the environment than PCBs because the carbon-to-bromine bond is weaker in PBDEs than the carbon-to-chlorine bond in PCBs. This subtle difference is why PBDEs are used as flame retardants—at elevated temperatures, the bromine atoms dissociate and quench fires. Production of PBDEs started in 1960s, and global sales were ∼70,000 metric tons by 2001. They were sold as several different types of mixtures that mainly contained either pentabrominated or octabrominated congeners (these two were the ones just phased out). The biggest seller has been a mixture dominated by the fully brominated congener, decabromodiphenylether (DecaBDE), which continues to be marketed and sold. Studies performed on laboratory animals have indicated that DecaBDE can affect thyroid activity. Major awareness for PBDEs was raised by Meironyté and colleagues in the late 1990s when they determined that the concentration of PBDEs in Swedish breast milk began to exponentially increase in 1972 over a 25-year period, with a doubling rate of 5 years. Arnold Schecter at the University of Texas and his colleagues analyzed human breast milk collected in 2002 in the U.S. and determined that concentrations of PBDEs were 10 to 100 times greater than those found in Europe. By examining the history of DDT, PCBs, and PBDEs, it is clear that the manufacturers of PBDEs were too slow when phasing out mixtures containing the pentabrominated and octabrominated congeners. In addition, alternatives to DecaBDE should be sought. While working on the pesticidal properties of diphenyltrichloroethane derivatives, Swiss chemist Paul Müller recognized the toxicity of DDT on flies in the late 1930s. Follow-up experiments were made in the field and replicated Müller's initial laboratory results. By the latter half of World War II, American forces applied large amounts of DDT to control the spread of malaria. During the 1940s and 1950s, DDT was used on numerous pests, often indiscriminately. An editorial published in 1951 in Scientific American called it "one of the great world necessities." Thus, within a narrow timespan of only a decade, Müller's discovery was credited with saving countless lives. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1948 for identifying the insecticidal properties of DDT. However, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in 1962, called attention to DDT's deleterious effects on birds, thereby creating social environmental awareness of unintended consequences. Widespread concern about DDT's impacts led the U.S. government to regulate its production and usage in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It took approximately 10 years after Silent Spring was published for restrictions or bans on DDT to occur in the U.S. PCBs had a similar fate. Production of PCBs began in the late 1920s, during which they were used as industrial chemicals due to their high stability and chemical inertness, especially as insulators in electrical transformers and capacitors. In the U.S., sales paralleled the great industrial growth following World War II. In the mid-1960s, while attempting to analyze for DDT in samples, Swedish chemist Soren Jensen found PCBs in fish and bird samples. He published his first results in 1966. Jensen's work and studies by American scientist Robert Risebrough revealed by the late 1960s that PCBs were clearly organic chemicals of environmental concern. Even with these findings, sales of PCBs by Monsanto in the U.S. peaked in 1970, but eventually ceased in 1977. Again, about a 10-year lag occurred between the discovery of PCBs in the environment and a major restriction of their use. There are several important milestones that can be considered in this discussion of PBDEs, but the Firemaster incident must be highlighted. In 1973, the Michigan Chemical Corporation accidentally mixed a flame-retardant mixture of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) called Firemaster with another one of its commercial products called Nutrimaster, a feed additive used in farming. The tainted Nutrimaster was sold to Michigan farmers in 1973 and 1974. Dairy cows became ill. Milk and meat were


It is suggested that the "Who Are You" Test would be a more powerful instrument if subjects were asked to give the meaning of each test response and to rank order their answers according to their importance in carrying out the subjects' goals. These modifications in the test were carried out in an undergraduate class. 25% of all answers were substantially different from the meanings given the answers by students and an even greater percentage were substantially different for answers ranked 1, 2 or 3 in importance in carrying out their goals. The modifications improve the test in helping determine the psychological meaning of subjects' responses to this test of identity and self-concept and in assessing the relative importance of different responses to life goals.


Because of broadband wireless systems benefit from accurate channel characterization, there is growing interest in broadband wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel models. While coding and signal processing are key elements to successful implementation of a MIMO system, the communication channel representing a major component that determines system performance. This paper will focus on MIMO channel characterization and channel modeling.


Enzymes of intermediary metabolism are very specific. However, they are not absolutely specific, although some biochemistry textbooks might give this impression. They catalyze side reactions at modest, yet significant rates, by acting on substrates that structurally resemble their physiological substrates. The resulting side-products will accumulate and may have detrimental effects (e.g. by inhibiting other enzymes), unless they are metabolized. We and oth-ers have found several dedicated enzymes that serve to eliminate metabolic side-products, a process which has been variously named 'metabolite repair' or 'metabolite pool sanitization' [1]. In some instances, mutations in genes involved in these processes lead to disease, under-lining the importance of these processes for overall metabolism.


Despite the many steps taken towards gender equality, women's situation on the labour market is worse than the respective situation of men. Women receive lower remuneration and are offered limited promotion opportunities. The aim of the research described in the paper is to compare the situation of men and women on the labour market and to indicate the factors which determine it. The study is based on data from the Labour Force Survey (Badanie Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności – BAEL) covering the years 2010–2018. The article presents an analysis of the employment and unemployment rates and estimates showing the relative chances of the outflow from employment and unemployment for both men and women.
The results of the analyses indicated an upward trend in the employment in the given period, although the employment rate was lower for women than for men in all the featured sections. Moreover, women faced a greater risk of unemployment than men, despite the fact that the gap between the unemployment rates for men and women narrowed in the years 2015–2018.
The highest probability of job loss and outflow to unemployment was observed among women aged 15–24 and 25–34, while the lowest among women with tertiary education.


Objective To determine the role of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and plasma oxidative low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods Serum PON-1 activity and ox-LDL were measured with ultraviolet spectroscopy, plasma ox-LDL, von Willebrand factor (vWF), α-granular membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) were detected with ELISA and serum NO level was examined with nitrate reductase chromatometry, and analyzed their relationship. In corresponding period, selected 128 minimal craniocerebral wound patients without abnormal physical examination or encephalo-CT findings as controls. Results Serum PON-1 activity was normal in cerebral infarction group and control group, but it was significantly lower and ox-LDL level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group (P 0.05). In comparison with control group, plasma vWF and GMP-140 were all higher (P 0.01), and serum NO level was lower (P 0.01) in cerebral infarction group. Correlation analysis showed that serum PON-1 activity was negatively correlated with serum vWF (r = - 0.423, P 0.01), GMP-140 (r = - 0.383, P 0.01) and plasma ox-LDL (r = - 0.339, P 0.01) respectively, but was positively correlated with serum NO level (r = 0.205, P 0.01). Plasma ox-LDL was negatively correlated with serum NO level (r = - 0.223, P 0.01), but was positively correlated with vWF (r = 0.315, P 0.01) and GMP-140 (r = 0.203, P 0.01) respectively. Serum PON-1 activity was not related with serum HDL-C, and ApoB (P 0.05). Conclusion Decreased serum PON-1 activity is associated with increased plasma ox-LDL in patients with cerebral infarction. Decreased serum PON-1 activity and increased plasma ox-LDL are the risk factors of cerebral infarction.


Silicon is one of the most important semiconductor materials and the basic material in the field of modern microelectronics, and it has been widely used in microelectronics and photovoltaic industries which are closely related to our daily life. Because the traditional silicon wafer cutting technology has some serious problems such as insufficient cutting accuracy, low efficiency, and serious pollution, the laser processing has been paid more and more attention in silicon wafer cutting applications in about recent fifteen years. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop the laser silicon wafer cutting procedure for the improvement of the laser silicon wafer processing technology. An algorithm named as constrained interpolation profile has been invented in computational fluid dynamics. It is actually a semi-Lagrangian method to solve hyperbolic partial differential equations, and has the advantages of the stable results, compact process, and low dissipation, etc. Focused Gaussian laser beams with the same energy of 200 μJ and pulse widths of 100 fs, 20 ps, and 0.5 ns, respectively, were irradiated on the surface of a silicon wafer. The physical properties of density, temperature, and pressure in both time and space domains were obtained by means of the algorithm of constrained interpolation profile in the laser processing simulation. The mechanisms of laser silicon wafer processing were studied in detail by analyzing the changes in physical properties of silicon material. The conclusions of this paper might be useful in the optimization of a silicon wafer cutting process by the use of a pulsed laser.


A class of two layer networks is defined. There are feedforward connections between input and output layers and lateral connections within the output layer. A single input to the network consists of fixed pattern of activation in the input layer. The lateral weights are fixed and symmetric and constrained so that for any given input pattern x and feedforward weight matrix W, the activation dynamics within the output layer has a globally attracting equilibrium $\ z = F(x, W).$ Input patterns are chosen ergodically from a fixed, finite set and each feedforward weight is changed or learned according to the average correlation of activity at either end of the connection.
The main result of the dissertation is to produce a Lyapunov function for the averaged learning equations for this class of neural networks. In addition, two saturation results are proved concerning existence of solutions in which outputs are near their limiting values.
These results are applied to networks with two different patterns of lateral connectivity. In the first application, uniform lateral inhibition is used to implement "soft competition" within a layer of category detecting nodes; algebraic conditions on the resulting categories are derived. In the second network, both the input layer and output layer consist of a one dimensional "ring" of nodes and the lateral connectivity is "center-surround". A topographic solution for this network is a locally stable configuration of the feedforward weight matrix in which the input/output function F commutes with translation. A geometrical representation of existence conditions for such solutions is presented.
Assuming a high degree of symmetry and synchrony, the method is extended to include the amplitude equations for networks with oscillatory dynamics. Finally, it is shown how the structure of the Lyapunov function suggests a general approach to a broader class of such two layer networks.


This paper examines the effect of bubble-bursting policy in the case where the central bank sometimes tries to deflate an asset which is not, in fact, overpriced. We consider the case of a "semi-bubble," where some traders know that an asset is overpriced, but others do not. Unlike most previous papers on bubble policy, our framework assumes rational traders. We also assume a finite time horizon, to rule out infinite horizon type bubbles. The market's "fulfilled expectations" equilibria are derived, and standard tools of welfare economics are applied to evaluate the effect of anti-bubble policy. Under the assumption that the announcements of the financial authority can help less informed traders to learn more about a risky asset, market equilibria are presented and compared. We show that, if sellers care relatively more about the states where the central bank makes a negative bubble-bursting announcement, an announcement policy interferes with the asset's ability to share risks. Conversely, if sellers care relatively less about the announcement states, an announcement policy improves risk sharing. "Information leakage" plays an important role in our analysis. Because of this leakage, central bank announcements can initiate further information revelation between traders. That is, the leakage effect can reveal information that the central bank, itself, does not have. However, this information leakage may not be welfare improving. Also, this leakage effect makes it difficult to predict the effects of bubble-bursting policy. This may complicate both private investment strategies and public policy analysis.


Objective
To investigate the neuroprotective effect of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) on neurological functions and nerve cell apoptosis in rats with acute cerebral infarction.

Methods
Seventy-two adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group and treatment group (n=24). Middle cerebral artery infarction models in the later two groups were constructed by Longa method. Rats in treatment group were treated with 2ME2 (24 mg/kg) daily for 7 d, while rats in the sham-operated group and model group with physiological saline. Bederson standard scale was adopted to analyze the nerve function defect 7 d after operation. Caspase-3 protein expression in the rat brain tissues was analyzed by Western blotting and apoptosis index was analyzed by TUNEL.

Results
As compared with those in the model group (2.015±0.871), Bederson standard scale scores in the treatment group (1.235±0.849) were significantly lower (P<0.05); as compared with the sham-operated group (0.286±0.160, 7.8±6.9), the model group and treatment group had significantly increased Caspase-3 protein level and apoptosis index (P<0.05), while Caspase-3 protein level and apoptosis index in treatment group (0.615±0.185, 27.8±6.4) were significantly lower than those in the model group (1.109±0.224, 34.9±5.9, P<0.05).

Conclusion
2ME2 can improve the neurological function, reduce the level of apoptosis in rat brain nerve cells and has a protective effect on nerve.

Key words:
2-methoxyestradiol; Cerebral infarction; Apoptosis; Neurological function


Snapper (Pagrus auratus) is widely distributed throughout subtropical and temperate southern oceans and forms a significant recreational and commercial fishery in Queensland, Australia. Using data from government reports, media sources, popular publications and a government fisheries survey carried out in 1910, we compiled information on individual snapper fishing trips that took place prior to the commencement of fisherywide organized data collection, from 1871 to 1939. In addition to extracting all available quantitative data, we translated qualitative information into bounded estimates and used multiple imputation to handle missing values, forming 287 records for which catch rate (snapper fisher−1 h−1) could be derived. Uncertainty was handled through a parametric maximum likelihood framework (a transformed trivariate Gaussian), which facilitated statistical comparisons between data sources. No statistically significant differences in catch rates were found among media sources and the government fisheries survey. Catch rates remained stable throughout the time series, averaging 3.75 snapper fisher−1 h−1 (95% confidence interval, 3.42–4.09) as the fishery expanded into new grounds. In comparison, a contemporary (1993–2002) south-east Queensland charter fishery produced an average catch rate of 0.4 snapper fisher−1 h−1 (95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.58). These data illustrate the productivity of a fishery during its earliest years of development and represent the earliest catch rate data globally for this species. By adopting a formalized approach to address issues common to many historical records – missing data, a lack of quantitative information and reporting bias – our analysis demonstrates the potential for historical narratives to contribute to contemporary fisheries management.


Under art 24A(1) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court is granted the power to review legal instruments below laws (undang-undang). This means that an applicant could seek judicial review of regulations other than Acts of Parliament (Undang-Undang) with a request to strike it out because, for example, it contravenes national laws. This would provide the courts with an opportunity to review the legitimacy of the regulation and determine whether it is ultra vires, or beyond power. The Supreme Court has the power to cancel a regulation if it is found to be in conflict with a higher law. This article analyses the judicial review in the Supreme Court. It begins by highlighting the origins and formation of judicial review before the regulation promulgation of the Supreme Court (PERMA) No. 1/1993, and then examines several aspects of procedural law in the current Supreme Court Regulation in No. 1/2011. Keywords: Supreme Court, Judicial Review, Procedural Law.


The invention relates to an air conditioning system which comprises a heat pump mechanism, wherein the heat pump mechanism comprises a compressor and further comprises a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a cooling fan, a first indoor heat exchanger, a second indoor side heat exchanger, an air blower, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve and an air-liquid separator; the compressor is driven by a hydraulic motor; the compressor, the four-way valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first indoor heat exchanger, the second indoor side heat exchanger, the first expansion valve, the second expansion valve and the air-liquid separation are assembled and connected through pipelines; the air blower is positioned near the first indoor heat exchanger and the second indoor side heat exchanger; and the cooling fan is positioned near the outdoor heat exchanger. The air conditioning system provided by the invention is simple in structure, safe and reliable, and lower in energy consumption.


[Objective]To understand students' hepatitis B and pulmonary tuberculosis infection in some senior high schools of Zhanhua county, and offer scientific basis for making measures of prevention and treatment.[Methods]Hepatitis B ,X-ray chest check and sputum examination were conducted among 2 014 students from 33 classes in Zhanhua No. 3 high school during March 18 to April 2,2004.[Results]Among 2 014 students examined, 106 were HBsAg positive, with the positive rate at 5.26%. 9 were pulmonary tuberculosis, with the morbidity rate at 0.47%.[Conclusion]The infection status of students' hepatitis B and pulmonary tuberculosis infection in some senior high schools of Zhanhua county should arouse the attention of the education department.


A key component of the emerging hydrogen energy economy is the distribution system which facilitates the movement of hydrogen energy between production and end-use. There is interest in valorization of existing gas systems, which today are dedicated to natural gas movement, to facilitate the co-transportation of hydrogen via blending of hydrogen gas into these gas systems at concentrations up to 20% H2 by volume [1]. Fuel cell quality hydrogen, at a purity of 99.97%> H2, is required for the most valuable energy end-uses of hydrogen gas and thus the ability to efficiently extract H2 gas at such high purity is critical to the adoption of natural gas infrastructure as a means of co-transportation and distribution.
 Electrochemical hydrogen pump (EHP) utilizes a proton conducting membrane to separate hydrogen from mixtures by driving the electrochemical process of oxidation of hydrogen at an anode and subsequent evolution of hydrogen gas at a cathode, while other gaseous impurities are ideally unable to permeate through the membrane. HT-PEM EHP based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes doped with phosphoric acid exhibit high proton conductivities at temperatures in the range of 160C Celsius while also exhibiting characteristics that are complimentary to their application in gas separation processes. These characteristics include a limited tolerance to common sources of platinum catalyst inhibition such as CO [1] and the presence of an aqueous phosphoric acid phase inhibits gas cross-over, providing better product purity although at the cost of performance in the form of catalyst inhibition.
 A two-dimensional model based on an HT-PEM system employing a phosphoric acid doped PBI membrane and free phosphoric acid as the proton conducting phase of the catalyst layer is developed to better understand the underlying processes governing the performance of the EHP. The model is validated with experimental measurements with mixtures as low as 2% H2 by volume in methane. In-operando micro-CT imaging of an HT-PEM EHP cell taken at the LBNL Advanced Light Source (ALS) is used to further validate physical parameters and assumptions of the model.
 The influence of differential pressure, relative humidity of the feed, and concentration of feed gases on separation performance are investigated. Losses due to back-permeation of hydrogen under pressure are accounted for. Power-loss voltage breakdown analysis indicates appreciable losses due to proton transport in the relatively thick catalyst layer, and the dependence of these losses on the volume fraction of acid present (Figure 1). The influence of CO2 as a catalyst inhibiting contaminant as was previously observed in low temperature EHP [3] is examined. The model and experiments show that a specific energy of separation of 5.1 kWh/kg H2 at a hydrogen recovery factor (HRF) of 50% can be achieved in a single stage with the EHP, producing 99.995% > H2 from a 2% H2 in CH4 blend, while pressurizing the product H2 at a product pressure ratio of 1.3 relative to feed pressure. Bibliography

 [1]

 C. J. Quarton and S. Samsatli, "Power-to-gas for injection into the gas grid: What can we learn from real-life projects, economic assessments and systems modelling?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 98, pp. 302-316, 2018.

 [2]

 K. Perry and B. B. Eisman G.A., "Electrochemical hydrogen pumping using a high-temperature polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane," Journal of Power Sources, pp. 478-484, 2008.

 [3]

 N. e. al., "Effect of CO2 on the performance of an electrochemical hydrogen compressor," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 329, 2020.

 Figure 1


MARCH 2007 I CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGERY TODAY I 37 W ith its new Stellaris Vision Enhancement System (FDA approved, commercial launch in US planned for April 2007) (Figure 1), Bausch & Lomb (Rochester, NY) has designed an integrated phaco platform with advanced technology and precise instrumentation that will facilitate surgeons' transition to the newer microincisional phaco techniques. The system's unique fluidics, power modulation, and precise controls are optimized for any of three phaco approaches: standard coaxial; bimanual sleeveless microincisional; and microcoaxial (through a 1.8-mm incision).


Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng (Rutaceae) (Curry leaf tree) is a spicy traditional Indian medicinal plant native to Indo-China but grown mostly in the tropics for the medicinal and flavourant properties of the leaves. The family includes plants throughout tropical zones on most continents and includes approximately 1500 genera and 1500 species. It has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Leaves are used as a condiment in the preparation of curry powder, pickle, chutney, sausages and seasonings Curry leaves used traditionally as antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, febrifuge and blood purifier. The whole plant is considered to be a tonic and stomachic. Curry leaves is found to be effective as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antihypertensive, cytotoxic and also in the treatment of bronchial respiratory difficulties. The leaves are used traditionally as spice in curry and other eatables. The aim of the present review study is to update information about pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Murraya koenigii.


analyzes Paul and illustrates both the perduring and dynamic aspects of tradition. The concluding article of this volume by M. C. Vanhengel and J. Peters concerns itself with the problem of the historicity of the gospels. Also contained in this volume are six bibliographical surveys on the homily which, besides discussing the nature of the homily, give a very useful and enlightening resume of the literature now available in the various languages discussed. The subject of this Concilium volume is of very great importance and an understanding of its content will help all of us in our endeavor to make the Word of God revelant to twentieth-century man.


The emergence of a consumer civilization is associated with the extension of the democratic model to embrace both men and women. But from the gendered viewpoint inherited from past epochs, this democratization may appear as a dissolution. In Gender, Illich criticizes this psychosexual democratization, thus establishing himself as one of the most elegant theoreticians of the sexual counterrevolution. Highly idiosyncratic, he differs from other cultural conservatives such as Lasch and Gilder, who criticize the consumerist values of the sexual revolution from a 19th-century, quasi-productivist perspective. Illich criticizes this very perspective for its modernity. Collapsing the consumerist into the productivist viewpoint, he presents them as different aspects of the same capitalist civilization.


Irrecoverable data loss may be unavoidable for real-time video communication over common best-effort networks. Rather than always display impaired pictures or always "freeze" the last good picture, it is preferable to transmit additional hints to support selective freezing of heavily damaged pictures only. In particular, errors in impaired pictures tend to be localized, and often manifest themselves as small spatial shifts that are visually preferable to freezes. Therefore, it is essential that the hints can identify localized error and do not penalize small shifts. We show two ways such "shift-invariant" hints for detecting concealment error can be constructed to less than 1% of video rate. Experiments using 720p sequences achieve recall and precision of 90% and 75%, respectively, with respect to a shift-invariant PSNR measure. We also present an adaptive decision rule to obtain shorter and less frequent freezes.


A multi-stage pre/post testing scheme is developed to gauge course effectiveness using gain and loss components of normalized change. The components, unlike normalized change itself, can be used to distinguish courses that promote acquisition as well as retention of information from courses that promote acquisition at the expense of retention or retention at the expense of acquisition. The technique is employed to study the effectiveness of a course in differential calculus taught using the studio method, a form of interactive engagement.


Background: Through in vitro study, antibacterial property of Aloe vera extract against Enterococcus faecalis, one of the most resistant endodontic pathogens to be isolated from an infected root canal was tested. Objectives: were, to assess the zone of inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera gel by using disc diffusion method and to assess the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera gel against Enterococcus faecalis by two-fold serial dilution method. Materials and Methods: Aloe vera gel extract was prepared using sterile de-ionized water and 100% ethanol. A 10% stock solution was prepared. 3% Sodium hypochlorite solution and 2% Chlorhexidine solution were chosen as the positive controls while sterile deionized water was negative control. The antimicrobial potential of the control agents was tested against Enterococcus faecalis in a separate agar plate and were then compared with that of the test agent. The antibacterial efficacy was tested by disc diffusion method using Brain heart infusion agar media. Results: 50 μl and 75 μl of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera gel showed a zone of inhibition of 8 mm and 10 mm respectively against Enterococcus faecalis. Antibacterial property of Aloe vera extracts were much less when compared to the positive controls. Conclusion: Enterococcus faecalis was sensitive to 25% alcoholic extract of Aloe vera gel up to three dilutions and for 25% aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel only at first dilution.


This article spins around the issue of woman. It is not a study that seeks to justify the direct link that lies there in between the different categories of African oral cultures, traditions, myths and superstitions; and their representation in contemporary African literature, but rather attempts to bring to light the factual causes these aforementioned categories yoke together to negatively impact the female subject's self-betterment and awareness. The paper is based on female characterization and African imagination, but specifically revolves around the quest of woman's cultural identity in the midst of harsh conventions and man's total "inventiveness" to remain on top of the social ladder.


Aryl sulfatase A and B activities were measured in articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis, chondromalacia, avascular necrosis, and femoral neck fractures. Although the activities of both enzymes were higher in the tissue from individuals with degenerative joint disease, the most significant finding was the substantial increase in the B:A ratio in these tissues. It is suggested that whereas cerebroside sulfate is the substrate for aryl sulfatase A, either chondroitin sulfate or keratan sulfate is the physiologic substrate for aryl sulfatase B.


This paper reports the results of a study of 44 introductory programming courses in 28 Australian universities, conducted in the latter months of 2010. Results of this study are compared with two censuses previously conducted during 2001 and 2003, to identify trends in student numbers, programming language and environment/tool use and the reasons for choice of these, paradigms taught, instructor experience, text used and time spent on problem solving strategies in lectures and tutorials. Measures of mental effort experienced during the solution of novice programming problems were also examined.


A study has been made of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide vapor on Pyrex glass, SiO/sub 3/, ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MgO, and CuO over temperatures ranging from 373 to 623 K for the interval of time for the flow to pass through the reactor, 10/sup -3/-10/sup -2/ sec, at a partial pressure of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ of 0.072 kPa and a total pressure of the mixture of 0.53 kPa in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. It is shown that the decomposition of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ onoxides is autoaccelerated. The effective activation energy of the process in the autoacceleration region is greater than at the fastest rates. The decomposition of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ under these conditions is accompanied by the liberation of HO/sub 2/ radicals from the surface to the gas phase. The rate of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ decomposition and generation of HO/sub 2/ radicals increases in the order: glass < SiO/sub 2/ < ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 2/ < MgO < CuO.


There is no evidence to support a better clinical outcome from VATS compared to a chest drain with intrapleural fibrinolytic in children with empyema. Most children will do well with this therapy alone.


Sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett), is one of
the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. Sorghum midge adults
emerge in the morning, mate at or near the site of emergence, and then the
females proceed in search of sorghum crop at flowering for oviposition, and
some visual and odor stimuli play an important role in host finding and oviposition
process. We used a glass apparatus with two (Y-tube) arms to study
the orientation of sorghum midge females to visual and odor stimuli under
laboratory conditions. Most sorghum midge females were attracted to yellow
(30%), followed by green (26%), red (23%), and blue (10%). Sorghum midge
females responded more quickly to yellow, followed by red, green, and blue.
However, under dual-choice conditions, differences in numbers of sorghum
midge females attracted to yellow versus green, red versus blue, and blue
versus green were not significant. More sorghum midge females were attracted
to sorghum panicle odors plus red (47%) or yellow (40%) colors than to host
odors alone (31%). Information on the color preference of sorghum midge females
could be exploited for developing suitable traps to monitor its abundance
in combination with kairomones or pheromones.


On 26.1.2014 and 3.2.2014 two strong earthquakes of M w 6.0 and M w 5.9 ruptured the western Cephalonia Isl., Ionian Sea (Greece), at the SSW-wards continuation of the Lefkada segment of the Cephalonia Transform Fault Zone (CTFZ), causing considerable damage and a variety of ground failures. High-precision relocation of the aftershocks implies that the seismogenic layer was of 35 km in length (L) striking NNE-SSW, of 10 km maximum in width and 15 km in thickness. Two aftershock spatial clusters were revealed at north ( L 1 ~10 km) and at south ( L 2 ~25 km). However, no time correlation was found between the two clusters and the two strong earthquakes. Fitting the temporal evolution of aftershocks to the Omori-law showed slow aftershock decay. Fault plane solutions produced by moment tensor inversions indicated that the strong earthquakes as well as a plenty of aftershocks (M w ≥4.0) were associated with dextral strikeslip faulting with some thrust component and preferred fault planes striking about NNE-SSW. Average fault plane parameters obtained for the three largest events are: strike 21(±2) 0 , dip 65.5(±3) 0 , slip 173(±3) 0 . Broadband P-wave teleseismic records were inverted for understanding the rupture histories. It was found that the earthquake of 26.1.2014 had a complex source time function with c. 62 cm maximum slip, source duration of ~12 s and downwards rupture. Most of the slip was concentrated on a 13x9 km fault rupture. The earthquake of 3.2.2014 had a relatively simple source time function related with one big patch of slip with maximum slip c. 45 cm, with 10 s source duration. The rupture was directed upwards which along with the shallow focus (~5 km) and the simple source time function may explain the significantly larger (0.77 g) PGA recorded with the second earthquake with respect to the one recorded (0.56 g) with the first earthquake. Most of the slip was concentrated on a 12x6 km fault rupture. Maximum seismic intensity ( I m ) of level VII and VIII to VIII+ was felt in Lixouri town and the nearby villages from the first and the second earthquake, respectively. The rupture histories and the increased building vulnerability after the damage caused by the first shock may account for the larger I m caused by the second shock. However, the ground failures area of the second earthquake was nearly half of that of the first earthquake, which is consistent with the faster attenuation of ground acceleration away from the meizoseismal area caused by the second earthquake with respect to the first one. From that the 2014 earthquakes ruptured on land western Cephalonia we suggested to revise the CTFZ geometry in the sense that the Lefkada CTFZ segment does not terminates offshore NW Cephalonia but extends towards SSW in western Cephalonia.


Freshwater bodies such as lakes release the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. Global emissions from lakes are estimated to emit more CH4 than oceans, despite that lakes occupies a much smaller global land area. Lakes are therefore significant components for global budgets of CH4. Accurate global estimations of lakes are troublesome, partly because of the spatial and temporal variability of CH4 fluxes, making regional and global assessments filled with uncertainties. Yet, few studies consider the spatial and temporal variability of CH4 fluxes. Therefore, this study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of CH4 fluxes in lakes at different scales. Measurements were made during two field campaigns in lake Venasjön and Parsen, located in the municipality of Söderköping, Sweden. We used the commonly used floating chamber (FC) method for CH4 flux measurements. In order to investigate the small-scale flux variability, we redeveloped the FC-method by constructing two grids consisting of seven FCs distributed approximately 1m apart from each other. One grid was placed at the shallow zone at the inflow of each lake and the other at the lakes deepest zone. By sampling the grid several times every field campaign, spatial and temporal variability of fluxes at different scales could be measured. Overall, we found a significant difference of CH4 fluxes in both lakes depending on field campaign and grid location. Our results also indicate that there is a small-scale variability of CH4 fluxes in lakes. Our hope is that these findings can illustrate the importance of investigating lake fluxes at small spatial and temporal scales. ISBN _____________________________________________________ ISRN LIU-TEMA/MV-C—19/22--SE ___________________________________________________________ ______ ISSN ___________________________________________________________ ______ Serietitel och serienummer Title of series, numbering Handledare Tutor David Bastviken


One kind can be selectively assembled mutually different external shape of the vehicle battery (A, B) of the vehicle battery tray assembly (1), having respectively disposed on the substrate (11) may be vented a first pin (12a ~ 12b) and a second tiltable pin (13a). When the battery of the first vehicle component (A) is selected as the target assembly, a first tiltable pin (12a ~ 12b) located at a position to be inserted, whereby the assembly is inserted into a hole in the vehicle battery pack of the first (A), (12a '~ 12b'). The second tiltable pin (13a) located at the insertion position is prohibited. On the other hand, when the second vehicle battery (B) is selected as the target assembly, the second tiltable pin (13a) positioned to be inserted into position, the assembly thus formed is inserted into the battery pack on the second vehicle (B), the hole portion (13a '). A first tiltable pin (12a ~ 12b) located at the insertion position is prohibited.


Recent theoretical and empirical studies have begun to address the commonality between organizational justice and organizational change efforts. In the present study, the authors build on these efforts by investigating the interactive effects of three forms of organizational justice on affective change commitment following the spin-off of a durable goods manufacturer from its parent corporation. Results indicated interactional justice interacted with both procedural and distributive justice. The authors also found procedural and interactional justice predicted organizational cynicism, and each form of justice interacted with cynicism to predict change commitment. Implications for organizations going through a change are discussed.


A new visible algorithm for constructive solid geometry(CSG) modeling was given.By using the projected silhouette of every primitive which combines the object,the image is divided into several regions.For every region,the CSG structure of the object will be simplified,which is called dynamic CSG reconstruction.This reconstruction will eliminate most unnecessary intersections and get a high performance.To speed up the algorithm further,some incremental calculations step will be applied.


Guided ultrasonic waves are widely used in Structural Health Monitoring applications for inspections of large plate-like structures. Wave propagation phenomena associated with guided ultrasonic waves are difficult to model for complex engineering structures. Various simulation algorithms used in practice are not accurate and very expensive computationally. The paper demonstrates new parallel computation technology offered by modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) used in low-cost graphical cards available in standard PCs. Such systems enable calculations of very large models in minutes. The Local Interaction Simulation Approach (LISA) algorithm have been implemented and used for wave propagation modelling. Application examples are related to structural damage detection. The results demonstrate good accuracy and effective computational performance.


Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: This was quasi experimental study in which total 44 quadriplegic cerebral palsy children were included who have no associated neurogenic conditions which may be aggravated with vestibular stimulation such as epilepsy or other orthopedic or functional complication. The children were assessed by an independent assessor before and after 6 weeks of vestibular stimulation. The assessment was made on gross motor measure and pediatric evaluation disability index. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Paired sample t test was used for pre-post testing. Results: The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Gross Motor Function Measure showed mean and standard deviation to be 49.61±1.75 and 64.54±1.04 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 14.93±1.90 with a significant p value 0.00. The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Total PEDI score showed mean and standard deviation to be 42.88±0.86 and 51.47±1.24 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of total Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 8.59±1.48 with a significant p value 0.00. Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that vestibular stimulation has significant effect of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Moreover, there were seen significant improvement in other domains such as behavior, emotions, psychology and interactive learning approach. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Quadriplegia, Child, Vestibular Stimulation


Foreword .- Introduction: A Linguist's Journey Towards Written Language .- Chapter 1: The Psycholinguistics of Spelling: Phonology and Beyond .- Chapter 2: Morphological Scaffolding in Learning to Spell: A Cross-linguistic Review .- Chapter 3: Spelling, Lexicon and Morphology .- Chapter 4: Historical and Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Hebrew .- Chapter 5: The Hebrew Phonology-orthographic Infrastructure .- Chapter 6: Morpho-orthographic Infrastructure .- Chapter 7: Root and Function Letters .- Chapter 8: The Phono-morpho-orthographic AHWY ???"? Juncture .- Chapter 9: Spelling Cues in Nominals .- Chapter 10: Spelling Cues in Nominal Inflection .- Chapter 11: Spelling Cues in Verb Formation .- Chapter 12: Conclusion: The Psycholinguistics of Hebrew Spelling .- Subject index


In spite the fact that H. pylori infection might be the causative organisms of acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases and the definition as the class I carcinogen by WHO IARC, still debates exist about the relationship between H. pylori and gastric carcinogenesis. Epidemiological and ani...


RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) was employed Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Samples were collected from Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Haizhou Bay, Rushan Bay and Haiyangdao). Fourteen 10bp RAPD primers were used for DNA amplification and 19 samples of each stock were analysed. Totally 103 markers were detected in a range of 200-2500bp. Percentage of polymorphic loci of each stock was from 31.07% to 34.95% and genetic diversity was from 0.1056 to 0.1192. Genetic distance between stocks was from 0.0243 to 0.0742 and the index of genetic diversity of the stock was 0.2083, which indicated that stocks differentiated from each other genetically. Clustering of the stocks was analysed by UPGMA. The RAPD revealed that the overall genetic diversity of F. chinensis was low.


This paper presents an action plan for how to do climate change informed conflict early warning analysis at regional level. It argues that geospatial data and analysis are underestimated tools for better understanding how climate change, peace and security risks link. Given their design, the few existing conflict early warning and response systems often focus on the kinds of risks that emerge from human-to-human interactions. Similarly, climate change early warning systems typically focus unilaterally on data from the natural science sphere. The growing evidence showing that climate change interact with risks of conflict in significant ways calls for a merger of these different forms of early warning systems, by increasing the data signal from the natural sciences side of the equation when performing conflict early warning analysis. Modern GIS and remote sensing technology offer approaches that, if packaged properly, can provide new understanding of how the environment interacts with the human sphere in shaping conflict drivers. Taking departure in the regional level in Africa, the paper presents an approach to develop a historical climate change exposure map and overlaying it with climate and environment geodata, capturing static and land use and land cover change features (LULCC) at a granular geographical level. Geodata to be incorporated could include data on soil quality, erosion, freshwater storage and runoff, chronic aridity, flood events, forest cover, harvest potential, and deforestation rates. This map would be overlaid with meteorological forecasting maps, which in turn could be overlaid, with maps representing human mobility-, conflictand security-related data. Using a relatively simple interface, conflict analysts could perform spatial analysis to detect early signs of drought or other rapid or slow-onset climate-related risks and examine how they interact with early signs of peace and security risks unfolding in a specific location. The paper argues that such an interdisciplinary and geographical approach to capturing risk could strengthen the quality of conflict early warning analysis if institutional capacities are strengthened at the same time. Increasing the relative natural science data signal in conflict early warning and investing in analytical capacity, could reveal new connections between climate change and conflict at a detailed geographical level and help identify climate – security risks, before they materialize. This would result in payoffs for decision makers working on climate change policy, conflict prevention and peacebuilding at both national, sub regional and regional levels. While the data is out there, innovative partnerships will be required among international and national organizations, donors, academia, and the private sector to operationalize an integrated climate-conflict early warning tool. The paper presents a simple road map towards a development program, that would create and operationalise such a tool. 1


ABSTRACT The activity of a new ketolide, ABT-773, was compared to the activity of the ketolide telithromycin (HMR-3647) against over 600 gram-positive clinical isolates, including 356 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 167 Staphylococcus aureus, and 136 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. Macrolide-susceptible isolates as well as macrolide-resistant isolates with ribosomal methylase (Erm), macrolide efflux (Mef), and ribosomal mutations were tested using the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method. Both compounds were extremely active against macrolide-susceptible isolates, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC90s) for susceptible streptococci and staphylococci ranging from 0.002 to 0.03 μg/ml for ABT-773 and 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml for telithromycin. ABT-773 had increased activities against macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (Erm MIC90, 0.015 μg/ml; Mef MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml) compared to those of telithromycin (Erm MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml; Mef MIC90, 1 μg/ml). Both compounds were active against strains with rRNA or ribosomal protein mutations (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml). ABT-773 was also more active against macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes (ABT-773 Erm MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml; ABT-773 Mef MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml; telithromycin Erm MIC90, >8 μg/ml; telithromycin Mef MIC90, 1.0 μg/ml). Both compounds lacked activity against constitutive macrolide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus but had good activities against inducibly resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ABT-773 MIC90, 0.06 μg/ml; telithromycin MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml). ABT-773 has superior activity against macrolide-resistant streptococci compared to that of telithromycin.


Air pollution can have serious costs, penalties and consequences for the health of human beings and also ruthlessly distresses the natural bio-network and ecosystems. The main consequences of air pollution are global warming, acid rain, smog, ozone depletion etc. India ranks 13th most polluted country with an annual mean of 109 μg/m3 of PM10. China contributes 21.5% of the total CO2 emission followed by U.S. (20.2%), Russia (5.5%) and India (5.3%). On a larger scale, government is taking measures to limit emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to protect the quality of environment. According to W.H.O. report air pollution causes about 2 million premature deaths worldwide per year. The Clean Air Act is a superb representation of the government's role in air pollution prevention. It aids to influence and enforce laws that attempt to eliminate or dilute the causes of air pollution. This paper deals with the causes, effects, present status and the remedial measures to counter the existing problem of air pollution, so as to create quality atmosphere in existence.


We Come for Good is an engaging book focused on the diverse and nuanced operations of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) at the Seminole Tribe of Florida. Emerging from a session at the...