Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is endemic in British Columbia. Although uncommon, this zoonotic disease can cause life-threatening illness. A recent case led to a review of 16 other cases identified over a 15-year period through the integrated Public Health Information System and the BC Centre for Disease Control Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory. All cases were likely acquired in rural areas. While skin lesions, often ac companied by regional lymphadeno pathy, were the most common clinical presentation, two severe cases, one of septicemia and one of pulmonary infection, were noted. Most of the cases were identified by culture (56%), followed by serology (38%). In endemic areas, members of the public and individuals who handle wild animals should be aware of the disease. In addition, physicians, laboratory staff, and public health workers should be aware of the endemicity and infectiousness of F. tularensis, as well as its ability to cause serious illness and its po tential for use in biological warfare. T ularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tula renis, which is endemic in Bri tish Columbia and other parts of Canada. There are various clinical presentations, and diagnosis may be difficult. Because tularemia is a potentially serious and life-threatening disease that is treatable with appropriate antimicrobial agents, early clinical suspicion and appropriate diagnostic testing are required. Diagnosis is usually made by serologic testing or culture (or both); however, in most cases these methods are used only when there is clinical suspicion. An unexpected case of tularemia diagnosed in rural BC in October 2006 led to a review of reported cases in the province to further define the clinical and public health importance of this infection. Although tularemia is rare, physicians, laboratory staff, and public health workers should be alert to the possibility of disease caused by F. tularensis. Case report A previously healthy 58-year-old male presented to a rural medical clinic in BC with an infected insect bite above his right knee. When he was examined, several lesions were found on his lower legs and an area of cellulitis was identified surrounding a lesion on his right knee. The patient was treated with an oral cephalosporin antibiotic. No cultures were performed at this time. The cellulitis resolved over the following weeks. About 6 weeks later, the man returned to the same clinic, this time Tularemia in British Columbia: A case report and review Physicians, laboratory staff, and public health workers should be aware of this rare but potentially serious disease, which is contracted most commonly through animal or insect bites. Megan Isaac-Renton, BSc, Muhammad Morshed, PhD, Eleni Galanis, MD, FRCPC, Sunny Mak, MSc, Vicente Loyola, MD, FRCPC, Linda Hoang, MD, FRCPC Ms Isaac-Renton is a medical student at the University of British Columbia. Dr Morshed is a clinical professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine at UBC and a clinical microbiologist at the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) Laboratories. Dr Galanis is a physician epidemiologist at the BCCDC and an assistant clinical professor at the School of Population and Public Health at UBC. Mr Mak is a medical geographer at the BCCDC. Dr Loyola is a general pathologist at the Kootenay Boundary Regional Hospital, Interior Health Authority. Dr Hoang is an assistant clinical professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UBC and a medical microbiologist at the BCCDC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, PHSA Laboratories. 303 www.bcmj.org VOL. 52 NO. 6, JULY/AUGUST 2010 BC MEDICAL JOURNAL complaining of a painful lump in his right groin. On examination, the pa tient was found to be afebrile. A large, tender, fluctuant right inguinal lymph node was identified along with several adjacent lymph nodes that were mildly enlarged. A large amount of purulent material was aspirated from the inguinal lymph node. The patient was given a course of oral azithromy cin, and the aspirated sample was sent to the BC Centre for Disease Control Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory for investigation. The conditions and organisms considered in the differential diagnosis included (in descending order) pyogenic bacterial abscess, Bartonella henselae, lymphogranuloma vener eum (usually caused by Chlamydia tracomatis), mycobacterial infection, syphilis, reactive lymph node, Yer sinia pestis, and F. tularensis. A Gram stain of the purulent material did not reveal any organisms, and there was no growth on culture after 5 days of incubation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for B. henselae and C. trachomatis were both negative. Syphilis and mycobacterial infections were also excluded. A 16S rRNA test utilizing a broad-spectrum bacterial DNA target was performed on the aspirated sample. The amplified DNA product from the PCR was sequenced as per routine laboratory protocol and identified as F. tularensis. Subsequently, serology for tularemia was performed and the patient's sample was found to be reactive, with a titre of 1:256. The patient was treated with a course of levofloxacin and recovered fully. Cases of tularemia in BC, 1991–2007 To define the regional characteristics of this disease in BC, a retrospective review of all clinical information on cases of tularemia reported to the public health authorities was carried out. The laboratory-confirmed cases were identified through the electronic database of the provincial public health laboratory as well as the electronic database used by local public health officials for recording reportable diseases in BC, the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Although tularemia was not reportable in BC until 2002, some cases were reported to public health authorities before this date. For the purposes of this study, a positive laboratory-confirmed case refers to any positive result generated during the study period, regardless of methodology. However, this is contrary to the public health definition for a confirmed case: one where F. tularensis is isolated from an appropriate specimen type, where a fourfold increase in titre is demonstrated. Although a total of 16 patients (10 male) diagnosed with tula remia were identified from 1991 to 2007 ( ), only 9 patients met the confirmed-case criteria and were followed up by public health, and the case described here had a single serum sample and a PR-positive result. Six cases had a single serum sample submitted that was positive. Without convalescent sera, these cases did not meet the public health criteria for a confirmed case. In these instances, no follow-up information was available. The ages of the patients in this re view ranged from 10 to 90 years, with a mean age of 53. The cases were identified through laboratory culture (56%), serology (38%), or by molecular testing (6%). All but one case (an out-ofprovince visitor) were residents of rural BC. Of the 10 cases that met the public health criteria for a confirmed case, the majority (87%) were residents of the Interior Health Authority and the Northern Health Authority ( ). Of interest, half of these cases were known to be associated with either animal bites or in sect bites, and all but two of the cases were diagnosed between May and October. The most common type of tula remia in this series was ulceroglandular (64%), with seven cases where isolates were recovered from skin lesions on upper or lower extremities. Two cases were diagnosed by cultures from Figure 2 Figure 1 Tularemia in British Columbia: A case report and review


Based on analyzing the dynamic changes of water content and salt content of the 0-120cm soil profile in different land-use types in the western Songnen plain from June to October in 2003,results are as follows: the changes of water content in cropland and grassland have the same tendency — "up-down-up",but water content in cropland is more than that of grass land before the middle August.The changes of salt content in three land-use types are contrary to water content,and salt contents in 0-120cm soil profile on the 7th June are the highest,and those on the 17th October are the lowest.Salt contents of the different layers in cropland increase with the soil depth increasing,and those in alkaline spot are contrary.Grassland can keep water very well,and the decreasing extent of salt content in cropland is the most significant among three land-use types.


This chapter contains sections titled: Lexicons vs. Wordbooks, AI and Linguistic Principles of Lexicon (Re)construction, AI and Psychological Principles of Lexicon (Re)construction, Lexical Acquisition from Human Subjects, Lexical Acquisition from Texts, Lexical Workbenches: Carnegie Mellon's ONTOS and MCC's LUKE, Extended-Aspect Calculus, The "Neutral Lexicon"?


Under the premise of in-depth analysis of the mechanism on how internet affects wages,the paper empirically studies the impact of internet penetration rate on wage levels and compares the differences of the impact among eastern, central and western regions. The empirical research is based on the provincial panel data from 1999 to 2008. The results show that: from either the national or sub-regional perspective,the increase of internet penetration rate shows initially positive and subsequently negative impacts on the wage level. And the central region shows the largest positive influence, western the less and the eastern part of the least.


In most transit systems, rails are used as return conductors for the current from the vehicle to the electrical substations. If the rails are not fully insulated from the ground, some of this current would leak and become stray current, causing stray current corrosion on the rails and metal objects (such as pipelines) in the immediate area. It is very difficult to measure stray current directly, but stray currents can be calculated by measuring other parameters. Stray currents were measured on a 1.3 km section of tramway infrastructure in Ostrava. The potential between rail and earth was measured on the basis of the standard EN 50122-2, where two reference electrodes were placed at an appropriate distance from the tram track at three measuring points in the ground - the first point was located at the beginning of the section, the second in the half of the section and the last at the end of the section. Rail currents were measured at two measurement points - the first point at the beginning of the section and the second point at the end of the section. Using the rail-to-earth potential and the equation from the standard EN 50122-2:2011, the rail-to-earth conductance per length was calculated. The conductance per length was also calculated using Ohm's law, where the current difference is a difference between two measurement points. Since the results obtained using the standard and Ohm's law did not agree, a detailed analysis of the tram section was performed and electrical drainage was found. The drainage represents an electrical connection of the protected metal structure in the area of the tram track by a cable with stray current source. Through the drainage, the stray currents are directly returned to the rail. In this measurement section, the drainage has influenced the current difference between the measurement points - without drainage, this difference would be much smaller.


[Objective]To investigate the mental health condition of the induced abortion young women in Dalian.[Methods]In this study,300 abortion young women in the No.2 Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were tested by SCL-90s and self-made questionnaires from January 2006 to November 2006. The data was statistically analyzed with SPSS11.5.[Results]39.4% of the induced abortion women were unmarried. Compared with those of SCL-90 norm of the normal Chinese people,all the scores except Interpersonal of induced abortion patients were significantly higher(P﹤0.01).[Conclusion]People should give more and more tolerant of non-reproductive sex. More serious psychological condition needs close attention.


The downstream end of the intake pipe where the fuel injection valve attached to the upper side wall of the cylinder head of the engine is connected, and a fuel supply-side at the same time, the pressure regulator as soon conduit is connected to connected to a fuel supply pipe connected to the fuel injection valve, the fuel the pressure regulator in a motorcycle that the return-side pipe line is connected, the front end of the fuel supply pipe 78 is disposed so as to extend along the front-rear direction at the bottom of the vehicle body frame portion is connected to the fuel injection valve 76, the bottom of the fuel supply pipe 78 batch is returned for connecting a middle portion the fuel return-side pipe line in the extension direction and the same direction of the fuel supply-side line connected to the rear end of the fuel supply pipe 78 to the pressure regulator 84 connected to the fuel supply pipe 78 -side connection pipe portion 91 is installed and, thus pressure while avoiding an increase in the vehicle body width avoid interference with the vehicle frame rail The installation space for the radar can be easily secured.


The work presents the classification of engines for theECO test requirement at the technical inspection of vehicles.The types of harmful components in the raw emission of internalcombustion engine are listed and described, as well asthe possibilities of their reduction. In accordance with theclassification of engines for the ECO test requirements the allowedvalues of harmful components according to the legallystipulated standards in Croatia are given. The study includedthe number of vehicles that passed the ECO test at technicalinspection in 2004 and these were then statistically processedand analyzed according to the type of vehicle, classification ofcar engines for the ECO test requirements and the year ofproduction.


The Internet's congestion control landscape is currently in the midst of an unprecedented paradigm shift. A recent measurement study found that BBR, a congestion control algorithm introduced by Google in 2016, has seen rapid adoption and is deployed at more than 20% of the Alexa Top 20,000 websites. Encouraging early deployment results from Google, Dropbox and Spotify suggest that BBR could potentially replace traditional loss-based congestion control algorithms like CUBIC. In this paper, we study the interactions between CUBIC and BBR and show that the underlying interactions can be modeled as a normal form game. Our game-theoretic analysis and testbed measurements suggest that while BBR seems to achieve somewhat better performance than CUBIC on the Internet today, this advantage will decrease as the proportion of BBR flows increases. The distribution of congestion control algorithms on the Internet would likely reach a Nash Equilibrium, where no flow has the incentive to switch from CUBIC to BBR, or vice versa. We also found that the distribution of CUBIC and BBR flows in this Nash Equilibrium will be dependent mainly on the size of the bottleneck buffer, and marginally on the RTT distribution of the flows. Our results suggest that the future Internet will likely be more heterogeneous and that buffer sizing will continue to have a significant impact on Internet congestion control.


We propose an integrated wireless communication and radar sensing system enabled by photonics. The proposed system simultaneously achieves a 10-Gbit/s wireless transmission rate and the Range-Doppler decoupling at U-band based on optical heterodyne detection.


The process of identity formation during the transition from adolescence into adulthood and its determinants are currently a central issue in the social sciences. On the one hand, the huge variety of  possibilities presents the opportunity to expand the fields of exploration and to tailor commitments to individual aspirations and preferences. On the other hand, increasing instability and Bauman's liquidity of the social environment of development may create threats that impede the making of decisions, engaging in their realization, and identifying with the choices made. James Marcia's two-stage model of identity formation no longer adequately describes and accounts for paths of identity development. The dynamic dual-cycle model of identity formation developed by Koen Luyckx and collaborators is much more accurate. Although identity continues to develop throughout course of life, childhood, and adolescence in particular, seems to be pivotal from the point of view of which developmental trajectory the individual is on at the moment of his/her entry into adulthood. From this point of view, the factors which we regard as crucial for identity formation are shame proneness and shame regulation strategies on the one hand, and the system of personal beliefs about one's life and related key social experiences which define the quality of social participation of adolescents on the other hand.


Life cycle assessment(LCA) is a new research field in environmental science,LCA research in China is mainly focus on the methodology study and application of LCA at present.In addition,the development and application of relevant software and database is also the priority research area.The study of methodology in China includes Life Cycle Inventory Analysis and Life Cycle Impact Assessment.The application of LCA includes industry,environmental management and environmental governance projects.


The rejection and hostility which parapsychology has registered in the academic world can be traced back to the difficulty that this discipline has faced in the production of plausible explanations and theories of the paranormal phenomena. The aim of this paper is that of underlying how important the widening of parapsychology to the solution of advanced waves can be in the explanation of paranormal phenomena. Widening parapsychology to advanced waves could help this discipline to find a place in mainstream science. Klein-Gordon's relativistically invariant wave equation has two solutions, one which describes waves, energy and matter which propagate from the past to the future (retarded waves) and one which describes waves, energy and matter which propagate from the future to the past (advanced waves). This last solution was rejected in the 1930s, as it was considered impossible, a mathematical trick. In 1941 the mathematician Luigi Fantappie, working on the mathematical properties of the advanced solutions discovered that they coincide with the qualities of living systems (concentration of energy, differentiation, structures and order) arriving in this way at the conclusion that life, more than being effected by causes placed in the past (retarded waves) is attracted by causes placed in the future (advanced waves). According to the model developed by Fantappie vital processes feed on advanced waves. Therefore the parameters of the autonomic nervous system, which supports vital processes, should show anticipated reactions to future stimuli. This effect has been observed in several independent studies. This paper describes how advanced waves can offer a scientific model which can accommodate many of the phenomena which are described in the field of parapsychology. The properties of advanced waves justify, from a scientific point of view, the existence of a wide range of anomalous phenomena, typical of parapsychology, such as precognition, telepathy, concentration of high levels of energy, etc.


The paper proposes a multi-layered multi-dimensional ABC classification scheme to reduce the inventory level at after-sales service centers and offers different inventory strategies for different types of spare parts.Then it puts forth an optimization method for the forecasting of fast-moving parts as well as a construction proposal for the dead stock information sharing platform.


Debates in environmental and tribal studies have often posited the egalitarian community as a democratic alternative against the modern state. One of the characteristics of these alternatives has been the idea that tribal women enjoy high status and freedom of choice as compared with the women of caste Hindu societies. However, many of these depictions are based on interpretations of earlier anthropological documentation of tribal practices and tradition. Therefore, an evaluation of the status of tribal women within the community requires an interrogation of these texts and the traditions that they record. In this context this essay interrogates Verrier Elwin 's The Baiga to analyse the status of Baiga women and the patriarchal processes to which they are subjected. It argues that the oral traditions can themselves act as devices for the legitimating patriarchal power within the community and that the process of recording of such traditions can make the anthropologist a catalyst in this process.


The invention discloses an aluminum-magnesium refractory castable material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum-magnesium refractory castable material comprises the following raw materials by proportion of weight percentage: 70-80 percent of corundum granules and powder, 5-15 percent of alumina powder, 2-10 percent of magnesium-containing material, 3-8 percent of binding agent, 0.3-1.5 percent of silica micropowder, 0.05-0.1 percent of organic fibers (additional) and 0.2-0.6 percent of water reducing agent (additional). The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium refractory castable material comprises material preparation, material mixing, formation, curing, drying, storage, transportation, use and other process steps. Compared with the prior art, the aluminum-magnesium castable material has high thermal shock resistance, low cost and excellent performance, can be applied in walls, bottoms, permanent layers, water ports and other parts of large-scale steel ladles, and can also be applied in castable materials for RH (Rockwell hardness) dip pipes. Therefore, the aluminum-magnesium castable material can adapt to a variety of industrial production environments.


Date of acceptance / Kabul tarihi: July 10, 2016 / 10 Temmuz 2016 ABSTRACT: A rare cause of neonatal death: Long QT syndrome Objective: Long QT syndrome is a rare syndrome with a high mortality rate in neonatal period. We report a newborn who was admitted to the outpatient clinic with complaints of cyanosis and breastfeeding difficulties, diagnosed as ventricular tachycardia due to long QT syndrome with no response to the treatment, and evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the context of current literature. Case: A newborn delivered at 41 week of pregnancy by cesarean delivery with a birth weight of 3460 grams was admitted to the emeregency outpatient clinic at postnatal seventh day with complaints of breastfeeding difficulty and cyanosis. Newborn was in a poor general condition with impaired peripherical circulation, with respiratory rate 80/min, heart rate 280/min, and oxygen saturation 60%. The newborn was intubated and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Electrical cardioversion at 1 joule/kg was performed due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) detected at electrocardiography (ECG). After restoration of sinus rhythm, corrected QT (QTc) interval was measured as 0.53 sec. Echocardiography was performed and no structural cardiac anomaly was detected but severe mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitations were present and the ejection fraction (EF) was 30%. Because of recurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), synchronized cardioversion at 1 joule/ kg and 2 joule/kg were performed, followed by lidocaine therapy when no response was obtained. Due to the resistant VT, amiodarone, flecainide and esmolol were administered subsequently. Patient failed to respond to any antiarrhythmic treatment and was lost on day 3 of follow-up, after emerging ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion: Long QT syndrome is a rare disease with high mortality in the newborn. Early diagnosis may help in terms of treatment but the main prognostic factors are the length of QT interval and the associated structural anomalies. Screening of newborns with risk factors by electrocardiography is controversial, but it may be considered in cases with determined risk factors. Also interventional procedures may be considered in severe cases resistant to medical treatments.


The semi-diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the excited states of polyatomic molecules can be constructed for use in ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) studies by relying on the continuity of the electronic energy, oscillator strength, and spherical extent of an excited state along with first derivatives of these quantities as computed by using the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) method. The semidiabatic PESs of both the π → valence excited state and the 3s-type Rydberg state of ethylene are presented and discussed in this paper, in conjunction with some of the AIMD results we obtained for these states.⤀돀衽�⨀㚐#䄀돐衽�⨀㠆�⨀?⨀ꤠ돀遠�⨀堘�⨀뢠�⨀脠돐��⨀ࢷ�⨀�⨀夠댐쀅�⨀?⨀ࢡ�⨀ㄠ덐㣃�⨀†k慰猱ช섁Ѐ歡汭퐟ช鴁Ѐ歡浩쐟ဌ؀歡浰牳눟་䄁Ԁ歡浳㄀iἏிĀk慮灴速ഉ謀歡漀Ἇ௠k慯慳瀟ช戁Ѐ歡潨怟ชЀ歡潭借ဌᤁ؀歡潭晲㸟ဌꌁ؀歡獥汬Ⱏ་搀Ԁ歡獩挀Ἇୌk慯浴ਟဌ᠀؀歡潭琱ชꄁЀ歡瀱ᄍ✀܀歡灡湥琀Oḏ஗Āk慰慲쐞ช윀Ѐ歡獲됞་Ԁ歡獲渀£ḏ୎k慳瑳鈞ช촀Ѐ歡瑡舞་餀Ԁ歡瑲搀qḏ௸Āk慴物怞ဌ⤀؀歡畴灴丞ช⸁Ѐ止慣㸞ช䜁Ѐ止捨⸞ชЀ止捳Ḟ་묀Ԁ歡物㄀ ḏଳĀk慲瀱ﰝช댁Ѐ歡猱ဌࠁ؀正桵杲�ഉఁ正椀Eᴐంk捯潰猀¹ᴏ஀k捯牥ꠝഉ褁正猀™ᴎ૧Āk捳挀‰ᴎઋĀk捳漀yᴐ೷Āk扲慩渀gᴐ೯Āk扳汩猀UᴍऊĀk捣䘝ဌ刁؀正捥愱㐝ช缀Ѐ正捩␝ช鬁Ѐ正捰ᐝ་긁Ԁ步湳猀ᴏ୚k数物ᄍᴁ܀步灳督挀sᰎ઎k敲挀Iᰎ੽Āk敳㄀?ᰎĀk敳挀¯ᰎ૘k摡椀Ÿᰍग़Āk摢逜ช簀Ѐ此档耜་Ԁ此楳猀oᰍडk摳怜་渀Ԁ步捡㄀Oᰏ௳Āk散牡㸜་ꔁԀ武捤愀-ᰎĀk晤愀ᰏ୎Āk晥楣జ


This trend can be carried to extremes, however. Recently, the Washington State University Computing Center decided to eliminate its entire editorial staff in favor of computer programs, to save money. Electronic mail and text processing programs were presented as substitutes for editors and writers. The Center claimed that it could maintain the same level of services without the editors. This unfortunate circumstance resulted from a logical error, reductio ad absurdem. The reasoning goes: if 100 people without computers can be replaced by 20 with computers, then that 20 can be replaced by computers. This is erroneous because computers are efficient tools, not creative beings.


Three loss factors are defined for a master harmonic oscillator (HO); the I-loss factor, the U-loss factor, and the effective loss factor. A conductance (β) is conventionally defined as the ratio of the power imparted to a dynamic system by an external drive to the stored energy that this input power generates. The conductance (β) is related to the loss factor (η) by the frequency (ω); β=(ωη). In light of this definition, it is shown that all three loss factors are identical for an isolated master HO at resonance. Differences arise among these loss factors when the master HO is coupled to satellite harmonic oscillators (HO's). The first two loss factors retain their definitive format in the sense that the stored energy is reckoned only in the master HO; the energy stored in the coupled satellite HO's and in the couplings is discounted. The effective loss factor, on the other hand, is defined by accounting for the total stored energy that the external drive applied to the master HO generates in the complex...


To examine the mechanism by which Shiga toxin alters intestinal water and electrolyte transport, ligated loops of rabbit jejunum were incubated in vivo with purified toxin and then studied in vivo by single pass perfusion and in vitro by the Ussing chamber voltage-clamp technique. Toxin exposure led to accumulation of water in the jejunal lumen, associated with decreased active basal NaCl absorption. Glucose- and alanine-stimulated Na absorption were also reduced, while toxin had no effect on either basal short-circuit current or the secretory response to theophylline. These observations suggest that Shiga toxin selectively inhibits NaCl absorption without significantly altering active anion secretion. To localize the cellular site of toxin action, populations of villus and crypt cells from rabbit jejunum were isolated and studied. Villus cells had a greater content of the glycolipid Shiga toxin receptor, Gb3, had more toxin binding sites than did crypt cells, and were much more sensitive than crypt cells to toxin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. These experiments demonstrate that purified Shiga toxin inhibits jejunal fluid absorption without affecting active fluid secretion by a preferential effect on villus cells. The results suggest that this is due to the differential distribution of toxin receptors on villus compared to crypt cells.


The article hightlights the features of French administration in the Dubrovnik province in the context of the establishment and organization of the Illyrian provinces (1810-1814). It discusses the consequences of the fall of the old aristocratic regime and a series of administrative and social reforms initiated by the French. The Dubrovnik society vigorously opposed the new government policy, partly based bourgeois values. Far-reaching reforms were hindered by the campaigns that prevailed throughout the shortterm French rule. Particular attention is being drawn to the events taking place in the course of the 1813/1814 uprising against the French, the circumstances which led to the Habsburg annexation of Dubrovnik after the fall of Napoleon. Dubrovnik Annals 4 (2000) 104 in the then Dubrovnik were generally determined by the central administrative policy, my aim is to describe the complexity of government organization in the Illyrian Provinces, as well as the events leading to both their creation and ruin, which quickly followed. The creation and organization of the Illyrian Provinces According to the Treaty of Schönbrunn (14 October 1809), the Austrian Emperor, Francis I, was compelled to cede to France some Austrian crown lands, the former Venetian territories in Istria, and the whole of Croatia south of the Sava, including also Vojna krajina (Militärgrenze). On this very day Napoleon annexed these lands to Dalmatia and the Dubrovnik region, proclaiming thus a new state—the Illyrian Provinces (Dræave slovinske, Les Provinces Illyriennes). Seven provinces, each with a designated administrative center, were decreed: Carniola (Ljubljana), Carinthia (Villach), Istria (Trieste), Civil Croatia (Karlovac), Dalmatia (Zadar), Dubrovnik and Kotor (Dubrovnik), and Military Croatia, the last of which under special military administration. This newly established state covered an area of 55,000 sq km and had a population of 1,556,000.1 Napoleon's ambition in creating Illyria was governed by strategic interests. It was necessary to control both Adriatic coasts in order to carry out a continental blockade, and the Provinces served as the basis for Napoleon's campaign to the east, across the Balkans. Thus, Austria and England were cut off in the Croatian Littoral and Trieste, and Napoleon's land route for the importation of Macedonian cotton and other goods from Turkey was ensured. This strengthened French strategic positions in their eventual alliance with the Turks against Russia, and later, in the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire itself. On account of its significant strategic role in French foreign 1 For the most exhaustive information on the Illyrian Provinces see: Bogumil Voπnjak, Ustava in uprava Ilirskih deæel. Ljubljana: Matica slovenska, 1910; Paul Pisani, La Dalmatie de 1797 à 1815. Paris: Picard et Fils, 1893: pp. 350-398; Tullio Erber, ≈Storia della Dalmazia dal 1797 al 1814.« offprints of: Programma del Ginnasio superiore di Zara 1886/7, 1888/9, 1889/90 e 1891/ 2 (1888): pp. 1-96; (1889): pp. 1-72; (1890): pp. 1-72; (1892): pp. 1-74; Petar KarliÊ, Kraljski Dalmatin (1806.-1810). Zadar: Matica Dalmatinska, 1812: pp. 153-163; Ferdo ©iπiÊ, Hrvatska povijest, III. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska, 1913: pp. 100-109; Mellita Pivec-Stellè, La vie économique des Provinces Illyriennes. Paris: Bossard, 1930; Monika Senkowska-Gluck, Rzady napoleonskie w Ilirii 1809-1813. Wroclaw: Polska akademia nauk Institut historii, 1980. 105 S. ΔosiÊ, Dubrovnik under French Rule policy, the position of Vojna krajina remained unchanged. Furthermore, Napoleon attributed to the provinces the importance of marches dating back to the time of Charlemagne; consequently, they became a valuable resource of recruits for the French army and navy.2 On 25 December 1809 Bonaparte appointed a provisional government of Illyria. The name of this new state was most likely suggested to Napoleon by A.-F.-L. Viesse de Marmont, who, under the influence of some bourgeois and revolutionary circles in Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, and Carniola, wished to contribute in this way to the feeling of territorial unity and ethnic identity among those populating the Provinces. In this respect, Marmont went a step further from Napoleon's concept in an attempt to secure profound impact upon the cultural, linguistic, and other integrational processes, notably in Dalmatia and Dubrovnik.3 Ljubljana was the capital of Illyria, as well as its administrative, military, and judicial center. Marmont was appointed general governor, and State Counsellor Dauchy was appointed general intendant of finance, that is, civil gov2 –oro SamardæiÊ, ≈Motivi formiranja Ilirskih Provincija i poloæaj Marmonta kao generalnog guvernera.« Godiπnjak Pravnog fakulteta u Sarajevu 5 (1957): pp. 333-360. 3 The analysis of the ideological background of "Illyrianism" within the framework of French policy, comprehensive presentation and interpretation of the emergence and development of the term, as well as the reasons which led to its attribution to the Provinces, deserve to be the subjects of a separate study. The issues concerning the ideological elements involved in the establishment of the new state are disputable and can hardly be interpreted by ideological models and political concepts created on the lower levels of the French administration (See: Drago RoksandiÊ, ≈Francusko imperijalno ilirstvo u Ilirskim pokrajinama.« Jugoslovenski istorijski Ëasopis 3 (1987): pp. 17-35). Napoleon was primarily guided by the military and strategic role this region could play in the context of the French campaign to the east. Napoleon's voluminous correspondence shows that his intentions with the Provinces were all but the schemes involving ethnical and national integrations, particularly not in the eastern regions under the mounting influence of Russia. Contrarily, Napoleon experienced Illyria, notably the east coast of the Adriatic, as Italian territory in terms of its cultural heritage and ethnical identity. In support of this statement was Dandolo's policy in Dalmatia, but also the military-strategic unity of Italy and Illyria which followed later (See: Melitta Pivec-Stellè, ≈Motivi ustanovitve Napoleonove Ilirije.« Narodna starina 22 (1930): pp. 91-94; –. SamardæiÊ, ≈Motivi formiranja Ilirskih Provincija«: pp. 333-360). In choosing Illyria for the name of the Provinces, Napoleon clearly displayed his leaning towards the revival of classical geography. "Illyrianism" of the day could, most likely, be said to have been created post festum, a feature Drago RoksandiÊ attributed to the general political ideology of France, suffering thus from misinterpretations and contradictions. Clearer answers to the ideological and culturo-ethnical after-math of the French rule ought to be sought on the concrete levels of the Provinces respectively. On Marmont's strong opposition to Dandolo's Italian influence and his endorsement of the Croat linguists, see Frano Baras, ≈Marπal Marmont i hrvatski jezik.« Radovi Pedagoπke akademije u Splitu 2 (1977): pp. 57-79. Dubrovnik Annals 4 (2000) 106 ernor. Because their powers were not differentiated, this lasting dualism created an overlapping of compentencies and caused inefficiency in government institutions. Legal particularism was at work as a result of the differences in historical and economic development, administrative tradition, and cultural heritage between the provinces.4 In the course of the reccurent negotiations with the Habsburgs concerning territorial compensation (1810, 1812, and 1813), Illyria served as Napoleon's joker. Therefore, he showed no particular interest in its definite and final organization, which would have been a demanding task for such a specific community. Differences in administrative structure proved to be the greatest obstacle in the establishment of the new government. The governmental and legal position of the Provinces in relation to France was never specifically determined, as they were annexed by decree, and not by constitutional act. In addition, only a number of minor French laws were introduced in the Illyrian Provinces, for the government was avoiding a resolution of the key problem of feudal rights. Nevertheless, the links between Illyria and France remained close, and the governor answered to the ministers in Paris. With all their particularities, the Illyrian Provinces could be defined as an expansion of the French state with some constitutional elements. This meant that the inhabitants of the Provinces had their own citizenship, place of residence, passports, and identification documents. Illyria had stable borders, and because of the continental blocade, all forms of transport were strictly supervised. Shortly after Marmont's stay in Paris on 15 April 1811, a final decree on the organization of the Illyrian Province was issued. This document made a futile attempt at reconciling the inherited institutional apparatus existing in certain provinces with those of civil society and the modern French legislature. The decree, however, failed to provide a complete conception of the administrative system.5 4 B. Voπnjak, Ustava in uprava ilirskh deæel: p. 110. –. SamardæiÊ was right that the period between the two decrees (1809-1811) was characterized by provisional government, as the temporary decree of 1809 failed to regulate the administrative and judicial authority in certain Provinces, but only the central bodies. This, particularly, was the case of Dubrovnik, in which Marmont's administrative and judicial system established in 1808 was retained long after 1809 (–. SamardæiÊ, ≈Motivi formiranja Ilirskih Provincija«: pp. 351-360). 5 The text was published in the collection Recueil de lois, décrets et reglements a l'usage des Provinces Illyriennes de l'Empire, V. Paris 1812. The copy of the decree exists at the State Archives of Dubrovnik. 107 S. ΔosiÊ, Dubrovnik under French Rule The undifferentiated powers of the governor and the intendant created growi


Introduction McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a low-incidence syndrome consisting of the clinical triad of fibrous structural dysplasia of bone, endocrine disease, and skin pigmentation. Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine dysregulation in MAS. However, there are no treatment guidelines for MAS complicated with hyperthyroidism. Notably, no case of MAS complicated with retrosternal goiter and hyperthyroidism has been reported to our knowledge. Case presentation We report a 27-year-old man with MAS who developed the typical triad of bone fibrous dysplasia, skin pigmentation and hyperthyroidism, complaining of recent fast-growing neck mass and difficulty in breathing. Hyperthyrodism was under control by Thiamazole, and computed tomography showed an enlarged thyroid extending retrosternally. We performed a total thyroidectomy on the patient. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient's dyspnea, hyperthyroidism, and bone pain were all significantly alleviated. Review We searched the literature for previous case reports concerning MAS patients complicated with thyroid dysregulation. A total of 17 articles and 22 patients were identified to form our database. Among them, 9 studies clearly mentioned surgical intervention in 11 patients, and prognoses were also reported. Surgery was the most common intervention chosen and indicated a satisfactory prognosis. Conclusion We report a rare case of MAS patient complicated with retrosternal goiter and hyperthyroidism. Our review provides an overview of MAS cases requiring interventions on thyroid function, and total thyroidectomy should be a proper treatment for these patients.


Abstract This Reply, while confirming that Stalin's policies were ruthless and brutal, shows that there are no serious grounds for Ellman's view that Stalin pursued a conscious policy of starvation of the peasants during the famine. It also rejects Ellman's claim that in their recent book [Davies and Wheatcroft (the authors neglect Soviet policy and leadership perceptions in their account of the famine.


Kinetic model was developed in transient conditions to study the dynamics of heavy metal volatilization,based on on-line emission measurement of heavy metals in flue gas during coal combustion.This method involves the heavy metal concentration evolution in the outlet gas and a model developed at the reactor scale.An on-line analysis system was set at the gas outlet of the bubbling fluidized-bed reactor,it enabled to continuously measure the heavy metal concentration in outlet gas.The dynamics of heavy metal volatilization during coal combustion in a fluidized bed was derived and a second order law was fitted for the coal.


The author of the article presents a research of interrelation of Social and Psychological Adaptation and Coping Strategy of students. The objective of the article is a study of social and psychological adaptation and coping strategies of first- year students of Law Institute of Baikal State University. The author substantiates relevance of the research, describes the empirical study process in detail. The following methods such as method of social and psychological adaptation diagnosis of K. Rogers and R. Diamond, the multilevel personality questionnaire Adaptability of A.G. Maklakov, S.V. Chermyanin, R. Lazarus and S. Folkman method of coping mechanisms diagnosis. 68 people at the age of 17-20 took part in the study. They are 34 female and 34 male first-year law students. Furthermore, the article presents the results characterizing the interrelation of social and psychological adaptation and coping-strategies of students. It was revealed during the study that first-year students with a higher adaptability level are more likely to assume responsibility and reconsider a stressful situation than students with a lower level of adaptability. Also coping strategies specific for the selected students are described. The obtained results can be interesting for practicing psychologists, teachers and students counselors who organize educational activities.


Interactive Techniques for High-Level Spacetime Editing of Human Locomotion Noah Lockwood Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2016 In recent years, computer animated characters have become commonplace, often appearing extremely lifelike in movies, television, and video games. Unfortunately, animating digital characters remains difficult and time-consuming, pursued mostly by dedicated professionals, because conventional animation methods require careful control and coordination of many different low-level parameters which affect the believability of a character's pose and timing. In this thesis, we present techniques to allow high-level control of motions for animated human characters, by interactively editing existing locomotive motions. These techniques prioritize interactivity by allowing the user to manipulate more general or high-level aspects of the motion, such as a motion path. These techniques also have low data and computation requirements, as they operate on a single input motion without expensive optimization or simulation, allowing for instant feedback. The foundation of this work is a novel path-based editing algorithm based on simple and well-established biomechanical and physical principles of motion. After user manipulation of a motion path, the poses of the character along the path are automatically adjusted to match the new path, and an automatic timewarping procedure adjusts the timing of the new motion depending on its context, in order to remain consistent with the original even after large changes. Our two performance techniques utilize familiar input methods to control the path-based editing algorithm in different ways. First, based on a study exploring how users can express motion using their hands, our "finger walking" technique allows control of motion editing by mimicking full-body motion on a touch-sensitive tabletop. A further study was conducted to test automatic identification of the motion type of the performance, and to evaluate user satisfaction with the generated motions. The second technique uses handheld manipulation of


Recent advances in the aerobic oxygenations of olefins using transition-metal complex catalysts are reviewed. The main topics focused on are the cobalt(II)-complex-catalyzed oxygenation of olefins, nickel(II)-complex-catalyzed aerobic epoxidation, enantioselective, aerobic epoxidation using chiral manganese(III) complex catalysts, aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and direct oxygenation of aromatic compounds.


Stroke depression is most common in post-stroke affective disorder, which can affect the rehabilitation effect and recovery of the body function. Affect cognitive function, prolong the average hospitalization day, increase the risk of stroke recurrence, and even increase mortality. This study uses the association rules mining method and the data from the electronic medical records of the department of encephalopathy of Wuyi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangmen to find out the relation between stroke depression drugs.


This work describes the prototype of a virtual agent supporting the teaching of English as a second language with Spanish speaking children at the pre-school level. The prototype includes Object Recognition, Speech Recognition, and an Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA). The preliminary qualitative evaluation of the last prototype suggests that a virtual agent engages with the infant users better when the activities include storytelling and gamification. We also propose to do similar implementation using a social robot prototype previously described in [11] to compare advantages and limitations in the interaction with infants learning a second language.


Editor's Note: This issue of In the Clinic has been updated. Diagnosis Migraine headache affects 18% of women and 6% of men. Three quarters of migraine sufferers have moderate-to-severe symptoms that interfere with work, school, and other normal daily activities. Despite being a significant cause of episodic but disabling symptoms, the condition remains underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Migraine pain was previously believed to be largely vascular in cause, but evidence now shows that it involves genetic control of the activity of some brain cells. It is hypothesized that migraine activity begins in the brainstem and ends with distention and inflammation of meningeal vessels. These events cause an instability in brain cells that triggers surges of abnormal impulses to the periphery and releases inflammatory substances. Although migraines can be highly disruptive to daily life, effective behavioral and drug treatments can prevent attacks or relieve symptoms. What clinical features are helpful in distinguishing migraine headache from tension headache? The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) classifies headache disorders (1), but several simpler diagnostic criteria have been validated against the ICHD. Five important features of migraine are headache that is unilateral, pulsatile, or throbbing; associated with nausea or vomiting; of sufficient intensity to interrupt usual daily activities; and usually lasting 4 to 72 hours if untreated. "POUND" (as in "a pounding headache") is one way to remember symptoms consistent with migraine headache: Pulsatile quality of headache described One-day duration (duration < 4 hours suggests tension-type headache) Unilateral location Nausea or vomiting Disabling intensity. Individuals with 3 of the 5 criteria listed above are likely to have migraine; those with 4 of 5 are highly likely to have migraine (2). Other diagnostic criteria perform similarly, including 1 that considers nausea, photophobia, and headache-related disability (any day in the past 3 mo); individuals who have 2 of these 3 symptoms are highly likely to have migraine (3) (Table 1). Table 1. Elements of Patient History for Clinical Diagnosis of Migraine versus Tension-Type Headache The presence of prodrome or aura distinguishes migraine from other types of headache. Prodrome is the occurrence of euphoria, depression, fatigue, hypomania, food cravings, dizziness, cognitive slowing, or asthenia that occurs up to 24 hours before headache. Aura are neurologic symptoms that occur within 1 hour of or during headache and last a few minutes to 1 hour. Aura includes such symptoms as visual changes, loss of vision, hallucinations, numbness, tingling, weakness, or confusion. Approximately 60% to 70% of patients with migraine report prodrome, and 15% to 20% report aura. What clinical features suggest that the cause of headache may be more serious than migraine? Other primary causes of headache include tension-type headache, as well as medication-overuse headache and cluster headache. Although they can be disabling, primary headache conditions are generally benign. However, clinicians should exclude secondary causes of headache. Serious secondary causes of headache include stroke, tumor, arteritis, meningitis, acute glaucoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several historical and physical examination findings are predictive of such secondary causes (See Box). "Red flag" historical findings include changes in the intensity, frequency, or pattern of headaches; blurred vision; dizziness or lack of coordination; sudden, explosive onset of headache with rapid progression; or headache pain aggravated by coughing or movement. Red flag physical findings include fever and scalp nodules or lesions. "Red Flag" or Alarm Features That Suggest Headache Is Due to Nonbenign, Secondary Causes Changes in headache pattern, frequency, or intensity Daily headache Blurred vision Dizziness, syncope, discoordination, or focal neurologic abnormality Sudden, explosive onset Pain worse with coughing or movement Change in personality or mental status Headache awakens person from sleep Onset after 50 years of age Fever Meningeal signs Diastolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg Diminished pulse or tenderness of temporal artery Papilledema Necrotic or tender scalp lesions Increased intraocular pressure Patients may suffer from more than 1 type of headache, have headaches that cannot be easily described or classified, or have had a change in headache pattern over time. The history should include questions about the onset and frequency of the headache disorder; the duration of attacks; pain location, severity, and quality; precipitating and ameliorating factors; and family history. Table 2 presents the differential diagnosis of headache. Table 2. Differential Diagnosis of Headache What is the role of physical examination in patients who present with migraine? The physical examination should evaluate for features that suggest a secondary headache, such as fever, meningeal or other signs of infection, neurologic abnormalities, changes in visual acuity, increased intraocular pressure, elevated blood pressure, and mental status changes. What is the role of diagnostic testing, including imaging studies and electroencephalography, in patients with suspected migraine? Neuroimaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography, is not usually warranted for patients with migraine symptoms and a normal neurologic examination. A meta-analysis of studies of patients with migraine and a normal neurologic examination found a 0.18% rate of significant intracranial lesions (4). Clinicians should apply a lower threshold for obtaining neuro-imaging for patients with atypical headache features, substantial change in headache pattern, or symptoms or signs of neurologic abnormalities (5). For instance, MRI is indicated in patients with a long history of migraine headache who develop substantial changes in headache pattern or in any patient with headache and focal neurologic signs or symptoms. In patients with new onset headache after 50 years of age, it is important to obtain an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to evaluate for secondary causes of headache, particularly temporal arteritis or other vasculitides, even if symptoms are consistent with migraine. An elevated ESR (>30 mm/h) suggests temporal arteritis but lacks specificity, making a temporal artery biopsy necessary in patients in whom temporal arteritis is suspected. Headache is the predominant symptom in 65% to 80% of patients with temporal arteritis (6), and the combination of new-onset headache, jaw claudication, and abnormal (nodular or tender) arteries is highly predictive of temporal arteritis (7). Electroencephalography (EEG) is not routinely used in evaluation of headache, and should be considered only if associated symptoms suggest a seizure disorder, such as atypical migrainous aura or episodic loss of consciousness. A systematic review found no increased prevalence of EEG abnormalities in patients with headache, no useful headache subgroups defined by EEG, and no ability of EEG to identify patients whose headaches have a structural cause (8). Clinical Bottom Line: Diagnosis In patients with normal neurologic examination, evaluation of symptoms distinguishes migraine from tension or other types of headache. Migraines are typically pulsatile, are unilateral, last 4 to 72 hours, are associated with nausea or vomiting, and make it necessary for patients to alter their usual activities. Neuroimaging is not usually warranted for patients with normal neurologic examination, and EEG has not been shown to be useful. Clinicians should ask patients about features that suggest serious secondary causes of headache and conduct appropriate evaluation for these causes. Treatment What is the role of diet in the management of patients with migraine? Dietary triggers for migraine are idiosyncratic and can be difficult to identify. However, some foods are known to be associated with migraines (see Box). About 20% of patients with migraine report dietary triggers (9, 10). Clinicians should encourage patients to identify and avoid dietary factors that may contribute to headaches. There is also some controversy over the role of aspartame in triggering migraine. Common Dietary Triggers for Migraine Caffeine withdrawal Nitrates and nitrites in preserved meats Phenylethylamines, tyramines, xanthines in aged cheeses, red wine, beer, champagne, chocolate Monosodium glutamate in some Asian and prepared foods Dairy products Fatty foods Researchers at the Montefiore Medical Center Headache Unit questioned 190 consecutive patients about the effect of alcohol, carbohydrates, and aspartame in triggering their headaches. Of the 171 patients who completed the survey, 49.7% reported alcohol as a precipitating factor, 8.2% reported aspartame, and 2.3% reported carbohydrates. Patients with migraine were significantly more likely to report alcohol as a triggering factor and reported aspartame as a precipitant 3 times more often than those having other types of headache (11). There is some evidence of a causal relationship between food and migraine through elimination diets, reintroduction, and double-blind rechallenge (12, 14). In these studies, elimination diets decreased symptoms substantially in some individuals. The findings suggested that greater efforts are needed to educate patients about the possible benefits of adjusting diet to decrease headache frequency. An investigation of the awareness and impact of dietary risk factors on patients with chronic headache found that three quarters of the 130 participants were aware of the possible link between certain foods and headache, although most did not report hearing about this from their doctor. Notably, knowledge of the possible link did not prompt changes in food consumption practices (15). Is behavioral therapy effective in the management of m


Semi‐structural bonded joints of steel components are exposed to long‐term stresses in addition to water diffusion, temperature changes and varying external forces during operation. These hygro‐thermomechanical loadings lead to successive degradation of stiffness and strength due to damage resulting from chemical aging and fatigue processes, causing failure of the bonded joint when its service life is reached. In the following contribution, a methodology is presented to predict the service life of hygro‐thermo‐mechanically loaded semistructural adhesive joints with transient FE simulation. The lifetime prediction is based on a constitutive model with a viscoelastic and a damage part. The first part for viscoelasticity consists of the generalized Maxwell model, in which the effects of temperature changes and varying humidity on the viscoelastic properties of the adhesive bond are captured by the time‐temperature and time‐water concentration shifts. The second part for the material damage is based on an ordinary differential equation for the damage evolution. It consists of a creep and a moisture damage part for the void developments caused by the local water concentration due to mechanical stress and chemical aging. Both damage parts are multiplied by an Arrhenius‐type function to account for the effect of temperature change on the defect growth. The interaction of the creep and the moisture damage part is studied by applying the analytical and numerical solution of the damage differential equation. All parameters of the damage model are determined by using fracture times from creep tests under different climatic conditions and loading levels. The local water concentration in the adhesive is calculated by Fick's model and a concentration boundary condition. The diffusion parameters are determined by gravimetric measurements. A numerical example is setup to demonstrate the lifetime prediction methodology and to show the influence of viscoelasticity on the predicted lifetimes for different hygro‐thermo‐mechanical loading cases.


The paper investigates the effects of changes in marital status and health related behaviors (smoking and drinking) on the body mass index (BMI) in Russian adults over a ten-year period. Smoking and drinking behavior changes have played an important part in health status changes over 1994 to 2004. The results indicate that the individual weight/BMI changes asymmetrically in health determinants; the sign and the magnitude of the response are different depending on the starting point and whether there is an increase or a decrease in the explanatory variable. Males BMI decreases with smoking and increases with quitting smoking, but females BMI increases with drinking alcohol and decreases with stopping drinking. Losing a partner decreases only the females BMI, but gaining a spouse/partner is associated with increases in BMI for both genders. For married females and males, the change in spousal BMI is significantly positively related. Understanding interactions between individual health-related behaviors and the set of determinants that contribute to such behaviors is a fundamental step in the design of effective interventions.


Numerical tools to study the propulsion of a small amount of liquid using a rotating current density and a fixed magnetic field are developed and applied to mixing processes. Results are compared with dye advection experiments and the period of the rotating current that maximizes the perimeter of a blob is determined.


The objective of the present work is reviewing the model named Ethnography of Communication condsidering it's teorical and conceptual aspects and apliying it to the study of a particular communicative act. With this I follow the goal of showing the usefullness for the ethnographic cultural studies. Thus, weapply the model to one example: The arrive of de chinos dance of Valle Hermoso to the Virgin's altar in the context of a procession.


Shift in atmospheric temperature, particularly in case of minimum temperature, from 1979 onwards was recorded at Patna, Conseqently a field trial was conducted for three years at the Agricultural Research Institute. Patna to re-evaluate the optimum time for wheat sowing and method of stand establishment in the region. Wheat sowing around first week of December was found to be the best. Sowing of the crop earlier (mid November) or later (mir! December) than first week of December have well marked adverse effects on various characters. Sowing of wheat in line 20 cm apart, significantly out yielded broadcast, on an average by 2 to 3 q/ha.


The first section deals with the effect of echo time on the magnitude of the signal detected as a result of the BOLD effect. A single shot technique for obtaining images with different echo times is described, and this is also used to produce T2 maps during brain activation. Next, two artefact reducing methods are discussed. The first to reduce the N/2 ghost, and the other to remove artefact from external r.f. interference. A pulse sequence which reduces the time taken to acquire inversion recovery anatomical reference scans is presented, and in the final section the rationale behind a standard experimental protocol for fMRI experiments is explained.


Pleistocene climatic oscillations induced range fluctuations in African rain forest organisms and may have shaped species diversification through allopatric speciation events. We compared the spatial genetic structure of two forest species that live in obligate symbiosis and thus must have experienced the same range fluctuations, as a means to discriminate incipient speciation from transient differentiation simply resulting from past divergence.


This article uses established measures of party difference and party cohesion to analyze the effects of emerging two-party competition in contested roll call votes in the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1977-1987. The analysis also treats legislative voting in the state with respect to the party affiliation of governors. The results reveal little convincing evidence of party as a major reference source for legislative roll call behavior in South Carolina. Even though there are some examples of stronger party-based voting, they appear to occur in a random fashion rather than on the basis of a major, organized attempt by legislators to vote along party lines. The findings suggest that further research is needed to explore the cues for legislative party voting in South Carolina and to identify influences with which to compare state legislative voting experiences, particularly in the other southern states.


This essay focuses on the uses of translation from imperial English into colonised Welsh during the Franco-British war of 1793–1802. It explores the complex relationship between political domination and the translator's position as interpreter of power, but also as part of a Welsh tradition based on the Bible translation of writing fluent TTs which enriched their native TL and culture (Bassnett 2014: 56–60). One of the main goals is to draw attention to the translation experience into colonised languages within Europe before the twentieth century, which, apart from the work of Michael Cronin (Cronin 1996: 3; Cronin 2004), remains neglected in translation research.1 I will argue that, in the case of translation into such colonised languages, a domesticating strategy which results in fluent translations does not necessarily amount to the 'ethnocentric violence' which, according to Venuti, characterises such translation from colonised into colonial languages (2008: 16), and has lead him to favour a foreignising strategy (Venuti 1995: 273–306). Related to this, I will demonstrate that, during the 1790s, it was the attempted foreignisation of a Welsh TT in the direction of the colonial SL English by a translator, which was rejected by Welsh TL guardians as a threat to the continuity of the Welsh textual tradition. Last but not least, this article will contend that an 'invisibility' of the translator in the TT, rather than denigrating the translator as is often asserted, can save him/her from political persecution by the dominant group.


In animal production, alternative strategies to in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics are being developed to increase the resistance of piglets to disease, especially during the weaning transition where they are highly sensitive to digestive disorders. The incorporation in feed of substances able to modulate immune functions, and thus to stimulate host defence, is a strategy which has gained increasing interest in animal research in past decade. This review will focus on main components known to have immunomodulatory properties, and which have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig: yeast derivates, different plant extracts and animal by-products. Yeast derivates (βglucans and mannans) are known to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. However, inconsistent results have been observed when they have been fed to piglets, which questions their ability to target through the oral route the sensitive immune cells. The literature dealing with effects of different plant extracts on pig immunity offers some promising results, but is still too scarce and disparate to ascertain positive effects. To date, the most promising alternative is probably represented by spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects on piglet immunity and health would be mainly provided by specific antibodies, but also through non-specific competition of some plasma


FIELD: digital speech encoding. SUBSTANCE: speech compression system provides encoding of speech signal into bits flow for later decoding for generation of synthesized speech, which contains full speed codec, half speed codec, one quarter speed codec and one eighth speed codec, which are selectively activated on basis of speed selection. Also, codecs of full and half speed are selectively activated on basis of type classification. Each codec is activated selectively for encoding and decoding speech signal for various speeds of transfer in bits, to accent different aspects of speech signal to increase total quality of synthesized speech signal. EFFECT: optimized width of band, required for bits flow, by balancing between preferred average speed of transfer in bits and perception quality of restored speech. 11 cl, 12 dwg, 9 tbl


The aim of this study was to investigate numerically the resistance for a semi-displacement catamaran with various transverse spacing demihull. Numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the incompressible free surface flow around the demihull form for which experimental results are available. The model involves the numerical solution of the of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations along with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for predicting the free surface. The shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model has been used in the viscous flow code and a tetrahedral unstructured grid was applied for meshing the computational domain. The predicted numerical and the experimental results were compared. This study shows that numerical investigation appears to provide very good agreement as has been observed in the resistance curves showing that CFD methods may adequately deal with the problem of resistance interference produced by both demihulls.


The utility model relates to a bidirectional heat pipe and is composed of a closed outer shell, heat exchangers, a phase transformation heat medium pump, a cloth liquid apparatus, an electrical appliances controlled apparatus, phase transformation heat medium, heat-insulating material, etc., wherein the low level heat exchanger is arranged in the closed outer shell of the heat pipe. At least one high level heat exchanger is arranged in the closed outer shell, and the space chamber of the closed outer shell after the vacuum pumping process is injected with the phase transformation heat medium. The non heat exchange surface of the closed outer shell of the bidirectional heat pipe is wrapped with the heat-insulating material, and the inlet port of the phase transformation medium circulating pump is arranged in the phase transformation heat medium of the lower end of the closed outer shell of the bidirectional heat pipe. The outlet port of the phase transformation medium circulating pump is connected with the cloth liquid apparatus through a pipe line. The phase transformation heat medium pump is controlled by the electrical appliances controlled apparatus in the heat pipe, and the pipe walls of the heat exchangers are accompanied by wool suction material for bringing convenience to the heat conduction, increasing the heat exchange area of the heat exchangers and storing the liquid. The cloth liquid apparatus is correspondingly arranged on at least one high level heat exchanger, and the phase transformation heat medium naturally flows down along the pipe wall of the heat pipe or the pipe line to carry out the cloth liquid process. The bidirectional heat pipe can achieve the bidirectional heat transmission of the heat pipe and widen the application area of the heat pipe.


This test seeks to raise awareness about the importance of achieving greater educational support that allows to implement and promote ethics in the development of the profession. Through history, accounting has evolved according to the requirements of the times, gaining the importance it has today, while the mechanism is created for the world speak the same accounting language. In the development of the profession, the technique has proved more relevant against the ethical, this is reflected in the major financial scandals of recent years both in Colombia and worldwide. Ethics goes into the background in a chaotic world, where currently, the raison d'etre of economic units is given in profit, contradictory to the social function that must meet accounting and its basic principles. It is making it necessary to generate methods to recover the importance of ethical values in the development of the profession in compliance with the appropriate guidelines, that the accounting information is accurate and can be used properly. Although all professions swear meet ethics, it is not as evident when classrooms are left. Knowing that the implementation of the same accounting language worldwide is another step in the evolution of accounting, it is necessary to integrate the technical side with the ethical part for the proper development of the profession. Given the cultural environment that are subject accountants, trainers authorities should devote more efforts to take real awareness of the need to act ethically, we can project ourselves as professionals able to visualize the impact of exercise not so ethics, link up with companies that do not operate within the ethical and we can define for ourselves if we are ethical or not.


Through the analysis on current exhibition manner of costume museum,the experience conception was introduced into costume museum's traditional exhibition manner.The style and character of exhibition manner based on experience conception were discussed.And the opinion that exhibition design based on experience conception could fit costume museum's character was brought forward.The new conception could enlarge the exhibition manner costume museum,and brought new motivity for developing costume museum.


Open Flow is SDN( Software Definded Network) product,is a new network architecture,and developed rapidly. But the Qo S fuction of Open Flow Network also need to be optimized. For the lack of streaming media transmission in Open Flow network,it propose S Open Qo S on the existing network model. It is applied on the Open Flow network controller,using dynamic routing approach,making streaming media transmission end to end in network,could according to network conditions,changing routing paths,so can achieving the purpose of the network Qo S. Finally,the research is verfided through the design of a small topology experimental.


AIMS AND METHOD

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued guidance regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A postal survey of old age psychiatrists, geriatricians and neurologists was conducted to establish working practice pre-NICE and investigate expectations about the effect of this guidance.

RESULTS

The overall response rate was 26.3%. Old age psychiatrists prescribe the majority of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. There was variation in the annual expenditure on such treatment. The main reason for non-prescription was a lack of funding. Over 80% of doctors thought that patients with mild disease should now be targeted for treatment.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

In order to implement the guidance it will be necessary to address the issue of funding and have clear role allocation between local services.


By macro-micro fracture morphology observation, metallographic analysis, chemical composition analysis, compression and hardness test, the failure causes of bearing thrust plate of large HDPE extruder were systemically investigated. The results show that the indentations which resulted by extrusion of bearing thrust plate and bearing ring can greatly affect the burgeoning of surface crackle and early fatigue fracture. The bearing thrust plate is operated by contact fatigue stress again and again, the cracks appear in many places on the surface. The multiple-origin fatigue appears gradually, and then expands to inner up to fracture. The solution methods were put forward.


A sensitive and reliable method was developed for the determination of biotin in infant formula milk powder.HCl was added into infant formula milk powder to move protein in ultrasonic wave condition and after solid-phase extraction(SPE) clean-up and concentration with HyperSep C18.Fluorscence detector,BDS HYPERSIL C18(250×4.6 mm i.d.5 μm) column and derivation pre-column was used PDAM with column temperature 50 ℃,was measured fluorometricaly at the excitation and florescence wavelengths of 340 and 395 nm and speed of mobile phase 1.0 mL/min.The relative coefficient was 0.9996,the recovery 83.0%~101.5%;the SD in 7 samples by testing was 0.45 and RSD=2.35%.


AbstractOver the last 10 years, there have been significant developments in new devices for energy recovery, new membrane materials and new sizes and orientations of reverse osmosis (RO) plants, all designed to reduce costs and improve efficiency. The fundamental issue of keeping membrane surfaces clean to ensure efficient RO plant operation has seen relatively few recent developments. This is surprising as any fouling of the membrane surface will have a dramatic effect on energy consumption and plant efficiency. Many researchers have focused on identifying and studying the foulants in great detail, but there have been few studies in how to remove it. Commodity acid and alkali compounds are still widely used due to the perceived lower application costs. Specially blended cleaning chemicals incorporating detergents, surfactants and chelants are also in wide use and are increasingly accepted by the market to be economically and environmentally viable. "Strategically pairing chemical agents that have complem...


A new Cobalt(II) coordination polymer of general formula [Co(dbm)2(apm)]n , where dbm = dibenzonylmethanate, apm = 2-aminopyrimidine, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. At 296(2) K, compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic centrosymmetric space group Ccce. The crystal structures of both compounds contain a one-dimensional (1D) zigzag chain in which the metal atom is coordinated by two dbm and two apm ligands. The apm ligands are connected adjacent metal ions to form an infinite 1D zigzag chain and may also help to stabilize the chain by forming classical N−H∙•∙O hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms from the dbm ligands. The intrachain M•••M distances is 6.429(3) Å. The antibacterial activity was screened by disc diffusion method with S. aurens, B. subtilis. The Cobalt(II) coordination polymer exhibits better antibacterial activity from starting material than pure ligand.


Single crystalline Mg2Si film was formed by solid phase reaction (SPR) of Si(111) substrate with Mg overlyer capped with oxide layer(s), which was enhanced by post annealing from room temperature to 100 ◦C in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. The thermal stability of Mg2Si film was then systematically investigated by post annealing in oxygen-radical ambient at 300 ◦C, 450 ◦C and 650 ◦C, respectively. The Mg2Si film kept stable until the annealing temperature reached 450 oC then it transformed into amorphous MgOx attributed to the decomposition of Mg2Si and the oxidization of dissociated Mg.


Electronic medical records(EMR) are digitized patient medical and health records,standar-dization of EMR is the trend of hospital information and networking.The significance of electronic medical records,development status and problems of the standardization are described in this article.


Nanomaterials can be synthesized by chemical, physical and the more recent biological routes. Biological routes have many advantages as these are eco-friendly, cheap, non-toxic, do not flocculate, and are well dispersed in water. Gold nanoparticles have shown significant promise as drug carriers, and have been used in the past for targeted drug delivery applications. In this report, we for the first time, have produced monodispersed gold nanoparticles through a green-synthesis approach employing thermophilic fungus Humicola spp. Out of several microorganisms screened, Humicola spp. was found to reduce the precursor solution (HAuCl4) at just 50oC, and lead to the formation of gold nanoparticles of 18-24 nm size with good dispersity, uniform spherical morphology and high stability. These nanoparticleswere completely characterized by different standard techniques. Their biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and radiolabeling studies were carried out. Lastly, these nanoparticles were also conjugated with the anticancer drug Doxorubicin, for targeted drug delivery to liver (hepatic) cancer.


The present study questions the natural assumption that the types of cues speakers use are common to those that listeners utilize. The left‐ versus right‐branching ambiguity (LB/RB) in Japanese complex NPs such as the blue CD‐genitive case was the material of interest. In a production study, accompanying visual contexts were manipulated with respect to visual ambiguity: whether there was only one possible target (referent) object corresponding to either RB or LB in each scene, or objects corresponding to both analyses were present in each scene and therefore the ambiguity remains in the visual scene. Phonetic analyses of the collected utterances revealed that when the visual information eliminated the ambiguity, the difference between the LB‐ and RB‐intended utterances was modest and appeared mainly in F0 cues; when the ambiguity remained in the visual context, the prosodic manipulation was made mainly on durational cues. Those utterances were then fed to a perception study. A multiple regression analysis...


Distinguished authors contribute to a large panorama on the applications of Music in some therapy techniques. Various approaches are introduced, like the psychological approach in the papers of Naeem F, Bedirhan Gultepe and Hamit Coskun; the integration of Music with other therapies (Eric B Miller and Rieko Eguchi); the use of the uptodate technology and Music in the clinical environment (Matthew H Woolhouse and Alex Zaranek); and the use of Music in educational process (Piers Spencer). Many tendencies are well presented, with sound logic and exhaustive bibliography.


The invention discloses a tool for disassembling a sealing gland, which comprises a steel shaft, a pressing plate and a stop nut, wherein the pressing plate is clamped in the middle of the steel shaft, one end of the steel shaft is provided with threads that match the stop nut and is sheathed with the stop nut, the other end of the steel shaft constitutes a disassembling head which is provided with threads, and six grooves which are uniformly arranged along an axial direction are configured on the threads. The edges of the pressing plate are supported on a gland base and can limit the steel shaft to do vertical displacement only, and the disassembling head can be clamped into the sealing gland. A method for disassembling the sealing gland by using the tool for disassembling the sealing gland has the following steps: clamping the disassembling head in the sealing gland; supporting the pressing plate on the gland base; twisting the stop nut to make the steel shaft do reverse movement until bringing out the sealing gland. The tool for disassembling the sealing gland is convenient to install, simple to use, reliable and practical, and excellently solves the problem that the sealing gland is difficult to disassemble.


When transformers arc installed near inhabited districts, their noise must be limited to unobjectionable values. Consequently, means of predetermining noise levels from the desin constants of the transformer and means of noise reduction become necessary. It has been determined that the audio noise of transformers originates in the change in dimensions (magnetostriction) produced in the core steel by the alternating magnetic flux. The vibration caused by the change in dimensions is transmitted to the air through the tank walls. The basic noise may be increased due to the resonant vibration of mechanical parts. Theoretical relations for the sound produced have been derived. These relations are checked by tests on commercial transformers.


An excellent safety record has been established for the transport of commercial low-level radioactive waste. By using the Radioactive Material Incident Report data base to evaluate transportation accidents involving commercial low-level radioactive waste, it was found that there have been only four transportation accidents involving the release of commercial low-level radioactive waste in the last 20 years. The accidents were minor, and the released materials were quickly repackaged. There has never been a radiologically related injury or death associated with a transportation accident involving commercial low-level radioactive waste.


The proposed Studio is an attempt to implement linguoculture analysis of  the printed advertising from morphological and syntactic   views and with the given  violations of the norms of modern Ukrainian literary language, and the impact on readers with the help of linguistic means. Theoretical foundations of advertising texts, namely the concept of advertising, types of advertising texts and their structure are considered. The  printed advertising texts in such aspects as  morphological, syntactic are analysed according to the observance of the norms of modern Ukrainian literary language.  linguistic means  can influence  the readers.


Arbitration systems provided quick, private, and final determinations in an efficient manner that avoided "the strict course and tedious ceremonies of Law Suits." Julius Henry Cohen spoke these words in his 1918 book, Commercial Arbitration and the Law. At that time, Cohen already saw the power of self-contained systems for resolving disputes. He saw how Quakers in Pennsylvania established a citizen arbitration system, while communities in Connecticut, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Georgia developed arbitration mechanisms for certain private disputes, including neighbor trespass squabbles....


A validated mathematical model was used to simulate the effects of roots biomass and distribution on the water uptake of a 120-year old beech (Fagus silvatica L.) stand located at Solling (West Germany).

The modell was based on the soil-water movement equation including an extraction term to account for the water uptake of the root system. This extraction term varies with the meteorological conditions, root density and soil water potential.

Root biomass values considered were: 500 kg. ha−-1, 1000 kg. ha−-1, 2000 kg. ha−-1, 4000kg. ha−-1 and 6000 kg. ha−-1. For each of these values, five different distributions were tested. These ranged between a soil profile 0.40m deep with high root concentration to a 1.00m soil profile with idealized uniform root distribution. The model was run under two different rainfall conditions: i) an uncommon dry year (1971), (ii) a hypothetical normal year without a dry period.

The model showed the fundamental importance of the root distribution under the given meteorological conditions. This was more evident when the root biomass was low and medium. A good root distribution throughout the profile allowed the forest to overcome long dry periods. With the maximum root biomass value the distribution had no effect on the forest water uptake.

Em Simulationsmodell der Wasseraufnahme durch einen Buchenwald: Auswirkung von unterschiedlicher Wurzelbiomasse und -verteilung

Ein validiertes mathematisches Modell wurde angewendet, um den Effekt der Biomasse und Verteilung der Wurzeln auf die Wasseraufnahme eines 120jahrigen Buchenbestandes im Solling zu prufen. Das Modell beruht auf der mathematischen Formulierung der Wasserbewegung im Boden und schliest einen Extraktionsterm ein, der die Wasseraufnahme durch das Wurzelsystem beschreibt. Der Extraktionsterm variiert mit den meteorologischen Bedingungen, der Wurzeldichte und dem Bodenwasserpotential.

Als Wurzelbiomassen gingen 500,1000,2000,4000 und 6000 kg. ha−-1 in die Modellrechnungen ein. Fur jede Biomasse wurden funf verschiedene Wurzelverteilungen im Profil gepruft. Diese variierten zwischen 40 cm Durchwurzelungstiefe mit hoher Wurzelkonzentration nahe der Bodenoberflache und 100 cm Tiefe mit gleichmasiger Wurzelverteilung. Es wurden zwei Niederschlagsregime getestet: ein Trockenjahr (1971) und ein Normaljahr ohne Trockenperiode.

Das Modell zeigt, welche Bedeutung einer gleichmasigen Wurzelverteilung besonders bei geringen und mittleren Wurzelbiomassen zukommt. Eine gleichmasige Wurzelverteilung erlaubt das Uberdauern langer Trockenperioden. Bei der hochsten Biomasse blieb die Verteilung ohne Einflus auf die Wasseraufnahme.


This paper presents a review of some experimental and theoretical results obtained by the authors and their collaborators during the past few years, including: • The effect of a plasma (directed-energy) air spike in supersonic/hypersonic flows . The similarity laws for shock wave and drag parameters, as functions of the strength of heat source and characteristics of incident flow, and experimental and computational parametric studies are discussed. • Modeling of "virtual cowl ," i.e., of energy addition to hypersonic flow off the vehicle in order to increase air mass capture and reduce spillage in scramjet inlets at Mach numbers below the design value. • Numerical studies of aerodynamic forces created by off-axis heat addition upstream of a body. These forces and moments can be used for supersonic/hypersonic vehicle steering. • Experiments and numerical modeling of pulsed off-body energy addition for sonic boom mitigation.


Co synthesis silicides with good properties were prepared using MEVVA ion implantation with flux of 25–125 μA/cm2 to does of 5×1017/cm2. The structure of the silicides was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis shows that if the ion dose is greater than 2×1017/cm2, a continuous silicide layer will be formed. The sheet resistance of Co silicide decreases with an increase in ion flux and ion dose. The formation of silicides with CoSi and CoSi2 are identified by XRD analysis. After annealing, the sheet resistance decreases further. A continuous silicide layer with a width of 90–133 nm is formed. The optimal implantation condition is that the ion flux and dose are 50 μA/cm2 and 5×1017/cm2, respectively. The optimal annealing temperature and time are 900°C and 10 s, respectively. The ohmic contact for power microwave transistors is fabricated using Co ion implantation technique for the first time. The emitter contact resistance and noise of the transistors decrease markedly, the microwave property has been improved obviously.


some stone, pronouncing in a clear voice the form prescribed. The service, which had been written for the occasion, was conducted by the Bishop of Marlborough, aided by the choir of St. Andrew's, Well Street. It took place in a gaily coloured tent, which had been erected over the platform round the stone. The nurses of the hospital occupied the back of the platform, the Princess, her daughters, Princess Victoria and Princess Aribert of Anhalt on either hand, stood in the middle, and before them was the stone ready to be lowered into place. The tent was full to overflowing with invited guests. The Princess held a beautiful bouquet presented by Miss Thorold, the lady superintendent; the Princesses also had bouquets presented by nurses on the


estacas hélice contínua ABSTRACT: This paper aims to show the results obtained in horizontal load tests and obtain the p-y curves along the depth by the methods of Murchison and O'Neil (1984) and API RP 2A (2000) and to compare the results with those obtained in horizontal load tests. In order to achieve these goals, the city of Paulino Neves MA was defined as study site, where standard penetration tests (SPT) and lateral load tests were performed. P-y curves were estimated for depths of 0,25 m, 0,50 m, 1,0 m and 2,5 m, and results from four continuous fligth auger piles of 600 mm diameter, with sizes ranging between 16,96 m and 27,0 m, all adjacent on granular soil, were used in this analysis. It was possible to conclude that the method of Murchison and O'Neil (1984) resulted in predictions of curves superior than those from API RP 2A (2000) method.


Voltage stability has become a challenging problem for many power systems. Contingency screening and ranking (CS&R) is one of the important components of on-line voltage stability assessment. The objective of CS&R is to quickly and accurately select a short list of critical contingencies from a large list of potential contingencies and rank them according to their severity. Suitable preventive control actions can be implemented considering contingencies that are likely to affect the power system performance. An effective method for contingency ranking is proposed in this paper. This method calculates the voltage stability margin considering branch outages. Test results based on the IEEE 300 bus power system, a 600 bus power system as well as two utility systems (197 bus and 1254 bus) are presented.


In this paper we briefly define distance vector routing algorithms, their advantages and possible drawbacks. On these possible drawbacks, currently widely used methods split horizon and poisoned reverse are defined and compared. The count to infinity problem is specified and classified to be a halting problem, and a proposition stating that entangled states used in quantum computation can be used to handle this problem is examined. Several solutions to this problem by using entangled states are proposed and a very brief introduction to entangled states is presented.


The idea of quark-lepton universality at high energies has recently been explored in unified theories based upon the quartification gauge group SU(3){sup 4}. These schemes encompass a quark-lepton exchange symmetry that results upon the introduction of leptonic color. It has been demonstrated that, in models in which the quartification gauge symmetry is broken down to the standard model gauge group, gauge coupling constant unification can be achieved, and there is no unique scenario. The same is also true when the leptonic color gauge group is only partially broken, leaving a remnant SU(2){sub l} symmetry at the standard model level. Here we perform an analysis of the neutrino mass spectrum of such models. We show that these models do not naturally generate small Majorana neutrino masses, thus correcting an error in our earlier quartification paper, but with the addition of one singlet neutral fermion per family there is a realization of seesaw suppressed masses for the neutrinos. We also show that these schemes are consistent with proton decay.


This paper describes a method to satisfy the command and data requirements of Space Shuttle reflight payloads. These instruments may fly on different carriers at different times, in each case interfacing with a different data system. An example is a payload which normally uses the Spacelab command and data system which is then flown on an Orbiter mission. An Avionics Adapter is one approach. This assembly, when combined with an Orbiter Remote Terminal Unit, becomes a Universal Command and Data Interface (UCDI). It provides an in-flight emulation of the Spacelab Remote Acquisition Unit along with other Orbiter and Spacelab avionics and software services. This command and data assembly can be configured to appear to the payload as one of several possible avionics complements, including the Multiplexer/Demultiplexer, Remote Acquisition Unit, High Rate Multiplexer, Payload Data Interleaver, and Ku-Band Signal Processor. How the UCDI has been implemented is discussed, including as an example the reflight of a Spacelab ATMOS instrument on an Orbiter mission.


To the Editor.— The article by Cummins and Eisenberg 1 in the April 26, 1985, issue ofThe Journal, "Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation," confuses serious scientific questions with "irresponsible" assaults on a "national institution," that is, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Moreover, their review omits large patient data bases that are not as favorable to conventional CPR as those presented. Cummins and Eisenberg included series totaling 2,558 patients in their review (some series as small as 19 patients) in support of their claim of positive results with conventional CPR. However, there are at least four other significant studies totaling nearly 4,200 patients, the results of which are appropriate for scientific criticism of their thesis. Mirick et al 2 in 1982 reported on 98 Minneapolis patients in whom they could find no significant effect of bystander CPR. Kowalski et al 3 reported on 363 patients with ventricular fibrillation in the Milwaukee County paramedic system. Resuscitation


Dynamic mode I fracture toughness of nano-rubber modified epoxy were investigated using the split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) facility, with loading rates up to 3×10 MPa·√m/s. The quasi-static toughness of those nanocomposites were also measured with an Instron machine at two loading rates of ~0.04 MPa·√m/s and 5 MPa·√m/s, respectively. The materials tested are: neat epoxy; and 2, 6 and 10 wt.% nano-rubber particles, respectively, in epoxy. Special specimens with a single-edge crack in the finite width direction were designed for mode I toughness testing with the SHTB. In addition, pulse shaping technique was used to optimize the loading stress wave for accurate measurements with the SHTB. The results indicated that the presence of nano-rubber could improve the fracture toughness of the bulk composites in the range of loading rates studied. However, high loading rates might have degraded the cavitation capability of the nano-rubber and hence decreased the toughness of the rubber-modified epoxies compared to low loading rates.


The first travel agency in China, established in Shanghai Commercial Bank in
1923, had been oriented to administrative business up to early stage of the
reform and opening up and gradually shifted from a policy-oriented stage to a
market-oriented stage from 1978 to the present. It is fundamentally different
from overseas travel agency which spontaneously occurs in market. As market
economy is becoming perfect, improvement for division system in China's
travel agency industry is extremely urgent. In this paper, division system in
China's travel agency industry is studied to analyze its present state. After being
applied reasonably in the period of planned economy, horizontal division
system in China's travel agency industry gradually became unreasonable due
to failure to cater to growth of market flexibly in a system of shift to market
economy: Economies of scale cannot be formed; conventional travel products
face multiple crises; and barrier to costs and risk of being imitated exist in
occurrence of new travel products. Vertical division system has numerous
advantages but multiple barriers in its construction. In this regard, major
countermeasures are proposed for construction of vertical division system in
China's travel agency industry.


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This work shows an approach to the antennas location problem, which is common in communication projects using radio systems. This work aims to develop a Geographic Information System prototype to deal in positioning radio transmission towers, which is formulated like a Maximal Set Covering Problem. Initially, basic concepts from antennas and Geographic Information Systems are presented, since they are important to prototype development. Next, the proposed prototype is described and results are presented.