In this review article an analysis of the biochemical and biophysical aspects of modern magnetic immunoassay (MIA) is conducted and additionally the problems and perspectives of its application in biology, biotechnology and medicine are defined. Magnetic immunoassay should be considered as an evolutionary extension of the classical immunoassay. MIA can have many variants of modifications, similar to the classic immunoenzymatic assay. The key distinctive element of the MIA is the use of magnetic particles (MPs), which are usually nanoparticles. MPs in the MIA can act as a marker for detection, or the solid phase at which the immunochemical reaction takes place. MIA possesses basic advantages over classical immunoassay methods: thanks to the unique magnetic properties of the MPs and the ability to manipulate it in the external magnetic field, it is possible to increase the informative value of the analysis (first of all, sensitivity and specificity), as well as the rigid requirements for "purity" of tested samples. For the purposes of immunoassay, magnetic particles of size from 10 to 200 nm are important, since such particles are in a superparamagnetic state, in the absence of strong magnetic fields; they are not agglomerated in a liquid medium. The size of the spherical particle determines the rate of sedimentation and mobility in the solution. The outer polymeric membrane serves as a matrix in which the surface functional groups are added, and also protects the core of the metal from the external environment. The outer shell may also consist of agarose, cellulose, porous glass, silicon dioxide etc. There are several strategies for the synthesis of nanoparticles: mechanical (dispersion), physical (gas phase deposition), wet chemical methods (chemical comprecipitation, thermal decomposition, methods of micro emulsion, hydrothermal reactions) and physico-chemical methods. Also used are magnesite nanoparticles of biogenic origin. Magnetic particles may function, and this is important for immunoassay. Surface functional groups include carboxylic, amino, epoxy, hydroxyl, tosyl, and N-hydroxysuccinate-activated groups. Magnetic spherical particles usually interact with surface molecules such as streptovidine, biotin, protein A, protein G, and immunoglobulin etc. Directions and prospects of the development of methods of magnetic immunoassay are determined, mainly, by the development of methods for detecting or influencing magnetic particles. In this case, the classical methods of detection are electrochemical methods, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence. More modern ones include giant magnetoresistance, superconducting quantum interference devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, biosensors based on nonlinear magnetization, magneto-PCR immunoassay. The current trend is to combine or integrate the application of various biochemical, physical, molecular and genetic, physico-chemical detection methods. In fact, all of these benefits undoubtedly open up broad prospects for the practical application of MIA in biology, biotechnology and medicine.


In this paper we analyse the behaviour of the EU market for CO2 emission allowances; specifically, we focus on the contracts maturing in the Kyoto Protocol's second period of application (2008 to 2012). We calibrate the underlying parameters for the allowance price in the long run and we also calibrate those from the Spanish wholesale electricity market. This information is then used to assess the option to install a carbon capture and storage (CCS) unit in a coal-fired power plant. We use a two-dimensional binomial lattice where costs and profits are valued and the optimal investment time is determined. In other words, we study the trigger allowance prices above which it is optimal to install the capture unit immediately. We further analyse the impact of several variables on the critical prices, among them allowance price volatility and a hypothetical government subsidy. We conclude that, at current permit prices, from a financial point of view, immediate installation does not seem justified. This need not be the case, though, if carbon market parameters change dramatically and/or a specific policy to promote these units is adopted.


We demonstrate a platform for ultra-strong optical modulation in hybrid silicon nitride (SiN)/2D waveguides, by leveraging the gate dependent absorption modulation in graphene and the strong electro-refractive effects in monolayer TMDs.


The relationship between the catch per unit of effort (C/E) of salmon anglers and salmon abundance was determined by using simultaneous estimates of both C/E and salmon density (n). Salmon in their natural marine environment were observed as they approached fishing gear. The components of catch, such as the number of fish approaching, attacking, and biting the lure per unit of fishing effort, were recorded. C/E was not linearly related to density because the estimate of the catchability coefficient q increased with abundance. This result contrasts with previous empirical studies of catchability in which q declined with fish abundance. However, because only historical catch records had been used to estimate catchability, the interactions between the fishing gear and fish were not available in past research. This study suggests that feeding facilitation among salmon may be the mechanism underlying increased catchability with abundance.


Abstract : An investigation was carried out in the Langley two-dimensional low-turbulence tunnels for the purpose of developing an optimum flap configuration for maximum lift on an airfoil section for the Republic XF-12 airplane equipped with a double slotted flap. Lift and flap loads were obtained at several flap deflections for two flap paths. Drag characteristics of the section with flaps retracted were also determined. A maximum lift coefficient of 3.43 was measured for this airfoil-flap combination for a flap deflection of 60 deg at a Reynolds number of 14 million. An investigation of flap and fore flap configurations showed that the configuration for which this maximum lift coefficient was measured was very nearly the optimum. Maximum lift coefficients were shown to increase with Reynolds number for all deflections except the best maximum lift deflection, at which a decrease in Reynolds number from 14 million to 3.5 million caused an increase of about 0.1 in maximum lift coefficient.


Note: titre Anglais: Dynamics of New Public Management and the Role of the Parliament Reference MIR-CHAPTER-2005-017 Record created on 2005-10-12, modified on 2017-09-01


Seeking to encounter the sheer excess of the Romantic investment in the past, Stephen Bann sorts out many images reflected in a "hall of mirrors" in his study Romanticism and the Rise of History. Within his "hall of mirrors," Bann represents novelists, painters, sculptors, museum curators, and inventors, reflecting and refracting senses of historicity (9). Playwrights, however, are not included, an omission I would like to address in this discussion of two Romantic‐era historical dramas, Edwy and Elgiva (1790) by Frances Burney and Ethwald (1800) by Joanna Baillie. Both Burney and Baillie choose to represent, historically, subjects that, if written about at all, were camouflaged in the Gothic codes of incest and homoeroticism. Working in a visual medium—historical tragedy—they represented highly prohibited subjects and issues particularly off‐limits to women, indicating a crucial need for representation. As women, Burney and Baillie may have identified with the restraint put on these subjects. The condition of femaleness, like subversive sexuality, was almost incapable of shaping its own meaning in a present time frame, but an historical representation offered possibility.


Geckoella jeyporensis (Beddome, 1877) was described based on a single male specimen from "Patinghe Hill", and in the 135 years since the original description, there have been no further reports of the species. We recently collected two additional specimens of this poorly known species from close to the type locality. In this paper, we present a detailed morphological description of G. jeyporensis, as well as details of life coloration and notes on its habitat, based on the new specimens and published morphological data of the holotype.


Anthropology must account for nationalisms, nations, empires, colonies , and colonialism. We have to work with a historical dimension, which makes many anthropologi sts uncomfortable, often lacking the tools or the disposition to face it. We must confront the differing perspecti ves and memories ofspecific individu als, as well as their internal contradictions , while at the same time historically and socially contextualizing their words and actions. We also increasingly face the challenge ofwriting narratives that embrace multiple sites and situations when we try to analyze the organization of complexity. These two works, written by an Australian historian , provide a useful vantage to consider these issues by carefully addressing two interrelated concrete cases. These two books complement each other-Myth and Memory is a study of popular memory about Italian colonial domination among Greekspeakers in the Eastern Aegean ; Italy is a general history of the Italian nation-state, which did the coloniz ing. Both works will speak to anthropologists interested in ethnonational consciousness or in popular responses to state project s. Myth and Memory is relevant to anthropological concerns about social memory, historical consciousness, the functions ofhistory, field! interview technique, the contradictory links between national movements and class interests, and responses to colonial projects and control. Reading it would profit anyone interested in the Dodecanese Islands , Greece , Turkey, Italy, or the Eastern Mediterranean. Italy will engage those interested in the variety of nation-states and their histories, the fate of the nation-form in ex-colonial or ex-communist countries, and in transnational theory. Although seemingly less germane to the interests of field-oriented anthropologists, Italy is a useful corrective to many mistaken views in current theory concern ing the genesis, histories, and variety of nation-states. It is also a succinct yet complete treatment of a very complex topic . Both books are accessible to undergraduates; Italy


The present invention discloses a vehicle body side structure. After coating mist even if when coated body outer panel portion attached to the pillar (3), will not let the viewer a feeling of strangeness on a color tone or texture. Direction intermediate portion of the lower surface of the plate column (3) of the outer plate (35) is raised, so that the pillar (3) of the outer plate (35) at least a portion of the lower side than the upper side of the vehicle body protrudes more toward the outside, the HL Qiduan raised pillar width direction in at least the central portion of the door body portion positioned at the upper edge line UL substantially the same height position.


This paper is a review and rebuttal to previous papers by Babu and Odeh (1989) which discuss methods for estimated overall oil and gas well productivity through time. The original authors derived both a complex general solution and a simpler approximate solution for calculating the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well during pseudo-steady-state-flow conditions using the assumption of a uniform-flux wellbore-boundary condition. These authors emphasize the need for a consideration of well bore penetration to consider the PI. Graphs and tables of comparative information are provided.


Sheet metal stamping processes play an important role among the mechanical manufacturing operation, since they are characterized by high productivity and reliability at low cost, low material waste and almost net shapes from design. In this study, based on the Marciniak and Kuczynski (M-K) model and the forming limit diagrams (FLD), the formability prediction for thermal stamping of magnesium alloy sheet has been carried out by means of the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Moreover, related experiments of thermal stamping were also performed to validate the model. The comparison between the numerical result and experimental observation shows a good agreement. Therefore, it may indicate that the presented approach can be employed in formability prediction of thermal sheet metal forming process.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The present study was aimed to estimate the nature of genetic diversity existing in 99 barnyard millet genotypes including two commercial check varieties viz., MDU1 and CO (KV) 2 under sodic soil condition. Mahalanobis D2analysis grouped the genotypes into 13 clusters with respect to 12 biometrical traits. Cluster I was the largest, consisting of 39 genotypes followed by cluster XIII with 35 genotypes. Cluster XII and XI had 4 and 3 genotypes, respectively. The remaining (9) clusters II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X included only 2 genotypes per cluster. Cluster XI recorded the highest intra-cluster distance followed by cluster XIII. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters I and XI followed by clusters VIII and XI. The traits grain yield per plant and plant height contributed maximum to the genetic diversity. Principal component analysis revealed that the traits plant height, flag leaf length, lower raceme length and ear length contributed maximum towards variability in PCA axis I and II. Thus, selection of genotypes as parents from these genetically diversified clusters for breeding programmes could result in heterotic hybrids and could generate good amount of genetic variability in barnyard millet genotypes under the sodic soil condition.


Objective: The present investigation was aimed to assess the effect of Forskolin (FL) against cognitive impairment produced by scopolamine in rats using various behavioral models such as Y-maze, Novel object recognition test (NORT) and some biochemical markers of Alzheimer"s disease. Methods: Rats were assigned to six different groups, each group consisting of six animals. The normal animals received distilled water, 10 ml/kg per orally (p. o.), FL (250, 500,750 μg/kg, p. o.) was administered once daily for two weeks. One the last day of treatment, 90 min. postadministration of the last dose of forskolin, amnesia was produced in rats by administration of scopolamine (3 mg/kg) intraperitonealy (i.p.). Then rats were trained to Y-maze and NORT protocol. Short term memory behavioral responses were recorded after 90 min of training session (retention memory) and 24 h after training (long term memory). Donepazil (3 mg/kg, p. o.) was used as a standard and was administered for 14 days to positive control groups. Biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase activity were analyzed. Results: Administration of different doses of FL (250, 500,750 μg/kg) once daily for two weeks significantly improved the learning ability and the retention of learned memory in Y-Maze and NORT. Moreover, pre-treatment with FL significantly restored increased lipid peroxidation; normalized glutathione and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Conclusion: Forskolin enhances cognitive performances of rats against memory impairment by forskolin. Antioxidant activity, mainly inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation by natural diterpenoid compound forskolin advocates its therapeutic efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases.


We are developing a multi-function haptic device that displays pressure, vibration, shear force, and temperature to the skin of upper extremity amputees, especially those who have undergone targeted nerve reinnervation (TRI) surgery. This paper presents the design of the thermal display portion of this device. Through psychophysical temperature discrimination tests, the unique thermal response characteristics of intact hands and TRI-chests are explored.


The article is devoted to the problem of systematic arrangement of the research part of the Teacher Education Program at the bachelor's and master's levels. An example of the program realization in the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (specialization "Mathematical Education") is provided.


In this paper we develop a socio‐dynamic account for the impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on practice. The model we propose for changing practice challenges the essentially individualised explanation of practical learning offered by a number of writers and researchers in the field of CPD such as Joyce and Showers (1988), Eraut (1994), and Schön (1983). It also offers a basis for exploring the micro‐political realities of changing practice and the links between individual and group learning that are largely absent in the socio‐cultural accounts of organisational and situated learning (Senge, 1990; Lave & Wenger, 1991; Weick, 1995). It proposes a model that allows for tracking the influence of discourses in relation to teacher re‐professionalism from the level of policy to the point of enactment in the school and re‐examines the connections between individual and group learning to arrive at a dynamic framework for understanding changing practice.


Notes on the geology of southern Mozambique. The region northeast of Macequece is composed mainly of gneiss with bands of igneous rocks and pre-Cambrian sedimentary formations.


IntroductionWhen city growth comes up in public discourse, the conversation nearly invariably focuses on population. We speak of booming cities that have grown from, for example, 2 to 5 million in population in only a few decades or declining cities that are hollowing out and losing residents at a rapid rate.The common unit of understanding and measurement, in other words, is nearly always the number of people. Measures of land use are often missing from the picture, despite the fact that cities grew much more in land use than in population between 1990 and 2015, according to data (UN-Habitat, 2016a) from the United Nations Programme for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat).In developed countries, urban population grew 12 percent while urban land use increased 80 percent. In developing countries, population expanded 100 percent and urban land use rose 350 percent.Land use issues will become more critical as the world population exceeds 9 billion and 2.5 billion persons migrate to cities by 2050, according to United Nations (UN) projections. Configuring urban areas and their available resources to support this massive inflow will be crucial to sustaining human life on the planet (Buhaug and Urdal, 2013; Angel, 2012).How exactly are these rising urban populations changing global maps? Further, can we observe regular, even predictable, patterns? Are these trend lines, such as they are, sustainable over time?To date, little scientific understanding exists of broad global patterns related to how city borders, systems, and land use patterns are changing. The online Atlas of Urban Expansion (hereafter, the Atlas) aims to fill this crucial gap in knowledge (Angel et al., 2016). Produced through a partnership among UN-Habitat, the New York University Urban Expansion Program, and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, the new Atlas performs precise analysis of satellite imagery, population figures, and other data to study the changing nature of cities from 1990 to the present. The full report and data were unveiled in October 2016 at the Habitat III global cities summit in Quito, Ecuador, as part of the implementation of the UN's New Urban Agenda.The new Atlas analyzes 200 cities (up from 120 in the 2012 sample), selected from among the 4,231 cities in the world with populations greater than 100,000 (as of 2010), which constitute a stratified sample of large urban areas. The 200 cities in question contain about 70 percent of the world's urban population (Angel et al., 2016).The UN statistics division has now accepted and adopted this UN Sample of Cities as a way to conduct ongoing analysis of urbanization trends (UN-Habitat, 2016b). "Cities, how they form, and the effects of urbanization on the quality of human life must now be treated as a science. The unprecedented confluence of climate change, population boom, and the rush to live in cities means that our critical human development will take place in cities" (UN News Centre, 2016).With unplanned settlement fluidly redefining many urban boundaries, experts and planners say that producing a consistent method for studying cities as contiguous spatial units, not only administrative jurisdictions, is crucial (Angel, 2016). The UN Sample of Cities also enables transition from an urban agenda based on country-level data to one predicated on city-based data collection and analysis.Studying such a sample enables us to infer some generalizable rules about large urban areas. "The sample accurately represents that universe, so you can actually make statements about that universe given information about the sample. That's the more scientific contribution of this Atlas" (Angel, 2016).Land Consumption and DedensificationOne reliably observed pattern is that cities around the world are stretching out physically and consuming land at a rate that exceeds population growth. This tendency corroborates the findings of the first-edition Atlas, which indicates falling density (Angel et al. …


We provide arguments for the use of the rational form of unitarization, its relation with the diffraction peak shrinkage and asymptotics of the inelastic cross-section. The particular problems of the Regge model and the exponential form of unitarization with a factorized eikonal are discussed as well. A central role belongs to the asymptotic amplitude factorization resulting from Mandelstam analyticity and its symmetry over the scattering variables.


Objective To investigate the effect of behavior intervention through diets and exercises on blood glucose controlling in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), and to provide the basis for GDM therapy. Methods A total of 116 patients with GDM diagnosed and treated in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between March 2011 and December 2012 were taken as our study objects, including 72 patients in the study group and 44 patients in the control group, based on their will. For patients in the study group, we carried out behavior interventions through diets and exercises, including dietary guidance, giving pamphlet and formulating exercise plan, while for patients in the control group, we only gave them oral guidance and publicity materials. The same questionnaire was used to collect all the patients' information. Follow-up was done once in every 3 days, and rechecking was performed2 weeks later. The results of oral glucose tolerance test and the rate of pathoglycemia were compared in these groups before and after intervention. Results The fasting blood glucose, 1-and 2-hour blood glucose were lowered after the behavior intervention in the study group(P 0.05), which were also significantly lower than the control group(P 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, 1-and 2-hour pathoglycemia was significantly lower in the study group than that in the control group and that before intervention(P 0.05). Conclusion Combination of diets and exercises can control levels of blood glucose in GDM patients, and is an important therapy for GDM.


The Marantaceae have one of the most spectacular pollination mechanisms, including proterandry, secondary pollen presentation, and an explosive style movement. Because the flower has only a single chance to become pollinated, floral structures and processes have to be precisely synorganized and synchronized. In this article, Calathea lutea, Calathea platystachya, Pleiostachya pruinosa (all Calathea clade), and Hylaeanthe hoffmannii (Maranta clade) from Costa Rica are investigated. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the style in late‐bud stages. Depending on the arrangement of the respective parts, self‐pollination in the bud is likely in P. pruinosa but is excluded in C. lutea. After pollen deposition, the buds elongate to twice their length, inducing the style's tension by differential growth. The representatives of the Calathea clade show a high mechanical tensioning of the backward‐bent style (referred to as "additional tension" here). The four species differ in their floral structures in terms of the specific swellings and appendages of the hooded staminode, the position and shape of the trigger appendage, and the bending of the style. The specific utility of each of the novelties is explained, implying that the range of floral responses is much higher than the functional need. The species also differ in the sensitivity of the style release. Calathea lutea has the most robust flowers, followed by C. platystachya. Pleiostachya pruinosa has the most sensitive flowers, in which the style is usually releasing itself. Hylaeanthe hoffmannii differs from the three species in having a modified trigger structure, an almost straight instead of an overarched style, and less elaborate staminodes. The differences among the two groups are interpreted as a phylogenetic signal referring to the preliminary hypothesis that individual clades in the Marantaceae evolved different mechanical and electrophysiological constructions to hold the style under tension.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera, two classes of serum lipoproteins, and IgG antibodies from SLE and normal sera were tested for their reactivity with a Z‐DNA polymer, Br‐poly (dG‐dC). In all cases preferential binding to Z‐DNA over B‐DNA was observed. This interaction, for the most part, could be inhibited by the negatively charged phospholipid, cardiolipin, which suggests that most of the anti‐Z‐DNA activity associated with sera arises from relatively non‐specific ionic interactions between proteins and polyanionic molecules. An assay has been described that can eliminate proteins cross‐reactive with negatively charged phospholipids.


Purpose: Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, resulting in increased cell proliferation, survival, and motility, is believed to play an oncogenic role in many cancer types. The PIK3CA gene encodes the p110A catalytic subunit of PI3K, and is amplified in some ovarian cancers, whereas the AKT2 gene is amplified in some ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. Recently, in a mutational screen of eight PI3K genes and eight PI3K-like genes, PIK3CA was found to be the only gene affected by somatic mutations, which were observed frequently in gastrointestinal and brain cancers. Here, we test whether PIK3CA is subject to mutation in ovarian and breast cancers. Experimental Design: Exons 9 and 20, encoding the highly conserved helical and kinase domains ofPIK3CA, were subjected to sequenceanalysis in198 advancedstage epithelial ovarian carcinomas and72 invasivebreast carcinomas (48ofductalhistologyand24of lobularhistology). Results:Somaticmissensemutationswere observed in 24of198 (12%)ovariancarcinomas, and in13 of 72 (18%) breast carcinomas. Conclusions:These data indicate thatmutations ofPIK3CA play anoncogenic role in substantial fractions of ovarian andbreast carcinomas, and in consideration of mutation of other components of the PI3K-AKT pathway in both tumor types, confirm the major oncogenic role of this pathway in ovarian and breast carcinomas. Increased mitogenic signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases has been proven to play a major role in human tumorigenesis. One of the major downstream mediators of signaling initiated by these receptors is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. Several components of this signaling system are dysregulated in a wide variety of cancer types, including amplification and/or overactivation of AKT2 and PIK3CA (encoding the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3K), mutation of PIK3R1 (encoding the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K), and mutational inactivation or silencing of the PTEN gene, a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates this pathway (1). Such deregulation of this pathway promotes a number of phenotypic properties associated with tumorigenesis, including increased cell proliferation, glucose transport and catabolism, cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell adhesion and migration, and decreased apoptosis. With respect to ovarian cancer, aberrations in components of this pathway include elevated AKT1 kinase activity (2), AKT2 amplification (3), PIK3CA amplification (4), PIK3R1 mutation (5), and allelic imbalance and mutation of the PTEN gene (6). In breast cancers, AKT2 amplification (3) and elevated kinase activities of AKT1 (2) and PI3K (7) are observed. Recently, a large-scale sequence analysis of 16 PI3K or PI3Klike genes revealed tumor-specific somatic mutations in only one of these genes, PIK3CA (8). All were apparent activating missense mutations, occurring primarily in the p85, C2, helical, or kinase functional domains. The great majority of mutations (85%) were present in exons 9 and 20, partially encoding the helical and kinase domains, respectively. Of the seven tumor sites studied, mutations were most common in colon (32%), glioblastoma (27%), and gastric (25%) cancers. Mutations were observed in 1 of 12 (8%) breast cancers; ovarian cancers were not examined. The purpose of this study was to use relatively large sample sizes to test whether activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene play a significant role in ovarian and breast tumorigenesis. Materials andMethods This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Flash-frozen primary tumor specimens and corresponding normal tissues or blood samples were retrieved from a tissue bank maintained by the Gynecology and Breast Research Laboratory of the Department of Surgery at this institution. Following pathologic review to confirm diagnosis, tumor tissue was microdissected and genomic DNA was isolated from these tissues using www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(8) April 15, 2005 2875 Authors'Affiliations: Gynecology and Breast Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, and Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NewYork Received10/20/04; revised12/28/04; accepted1/18/05. Grant support:TheOvarianCancerResearchFundand theW.M.KeckFoundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18U.S.C.Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints: Jeff Boyd, Department of Surgery, Box 201, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021; Phone: 212-639-8608; Fax: 212-717-3538; E-mail: email@example.com. F2005 American Association for Cancer Research. Human Cancer Biology Cancer Research. on December 31, 2017. © 2005 American Association for clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from standard techniques. A total of 198 unselected, advanced surgical stage (III or IV), moderately or poorly differentiated (Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes grades 2 or 3) invasive epithelial ovarian carcinomas were analyzed. A total of 72 unselected, invasive breast carcinomas were analyzed, 48 of ductal histology and 24 of lobular histology. The majority (78%) of the breast carcinomas were of early stage. Using PCR primers previously specified (8), exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA were sequenced directly using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and an ABI 3730 automated capillary sequencer. Analyses of all PCR products with sequence variants were repeated for confirmation. Genomic DNA from corresponding normal tissue or blood samples was isolated and subjected to sequence analysis to confirm the somatic nature of tumor mutations. A representative example of sequencing data is shown in Fig. 1. The VMD molecular visualization program (http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/) was used to prepare Fig. 2. Results and Discussion Somatic missense mutations in the PIK3CA gene were identified in 24 of 198 (12%) ovarian carcinomas and 13 of 72 (18%) breast carcinomas (Table 1). Since mutation analysis was limited to the exons encoding the helical and kinase domains of PIK3CA , where 85% of previous mutations were reported (8), these figures may represent underestimates of the true mutation frequencies in these tumor types. For ovarian cancers, 22 of 24 (92%) mutations occurred at codon 545 within the helical domain, a codon affected by 26% of all previously reported mutations (when the entire gene is analyzed). The other two ovarian cancers with mutations were affected at codon 1043 in the kinase domain, a mutation not previously reported, and at codon 1047, the second most common mutation previously reported. In addition, four synonymous mutations, three at codon 1025 and one at codon 1049, were also observed in ovarian cancers. For breast cancers, the mutations were somewhat less clustered than for ovarian cancers; 5 of 13 (38%) mutations occurred at codon 545, whereas 4 of 13 (31%) occurred at codon 542, and a similar number occurred at codon 1047. Mutations at all of these PIK3CA codons are frequently seen in other tumor types (8). Three breast tumors also contained the same synonymous mutation at codon 1025. The functional significance of the H1047R mutation has been described (8). Furthermore, it was recently reported that somatic mutations of PIK3CA in ovarian cancers occur almost to the exclusivity of gene amplification (9). To gain further insight into the potential structural and functional implications of the mutations identified in this study, we attempted to model the PIK3CA protein. The crystal structure of PIK3CA has not yet been described, but the structure of the highly homologous PIK3CG protein is known (Protein Data Bank, 1E8Z). In the helical domain, the E542K mutation changes the charge from negative to strongly positive. At codon 545, where most of the ovarian carcinoma mutations occurred, the mutation resulted in a charge change from negative to highly positive (E545K), or caused it to become hydrophobic (E545G and E545A). As shown in Fig. 2, both of these residues are on the exposed surface of the molecule. These changes in charge may www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(8) April 15, 2005 2876 Fig. 1. Examples of PIK3CA mutations as determined by automated sequence analysis. A , an E545A (A1634C) missense mutation in exon 9 in an ovarian cancer. B, an H1047R (A3140G) missensemutation in exon 20 in a breast cancer. Table1. SummaryofPIK3CAmutations inovarianand breast cancers Exon Nucleotide Codon Domain Ovarian*Breast 9 G1624A E542K Helical 0 4 9 G1633A E545K Helical 1 4 9 A1634G E545G Helical 0 1 9 A1634C E545A Helical 21 0 20 C3075T T1025T Kinase 3 3 20 A3127G M1043V Kinase 1 0 20 A3140T H1047L Kinase 0 2 20 A3140G H1047R Kinase 1 2 20 T3147G G1049G Kinase 1 0 Total tumors withmissense mutations 24 13 Number of tumors screened 198 72 Percentage of tumors withmissensemutations 12% 18% *Number of ovarian cancers with the specified mutation. cNumber of breast cancers with the specified mutation. bSynonymous mutation. Human Cancer Biology Cancer Research. on December 31, 2017. © 2005 American Association for clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from therefore affect protein-protein or other intermolecular interactions. This region of the PIK3CG surface is believed to interact with other proteins, and it is reasonable to assume that similar interactions occur in the highly homologous PIK3CA (10). This helical domain of PIK3CG consists of five A/B pairs of antiparallel helices. Mutations in similar motifs of the PP2A PR65/A subunit have been shown to prevent intramolecular binding with PP2Ac and disrupt protein conformation (11). The mutations in the kinase domain at codon 1047 change the amino acid charge


Introduction: Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is the sequence of choice for functional MRI (fMRI), where rapid scanning is needed in order to continuously acquire complete brain volumes for a time-series analysis. Even a few millimeters of movement during an fMRI scan can result in large, artifactual, signal changes in the timeseries data that will obscure the relatively small brain activation signals, leading to false positives in the subsequent statistical analysis. To compensate for motion, fMRI studies almost exclusively employ retrospective image-based methods to estimate the six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) rigid-body head motion (three rotations θx , θy , θz and three translations tx , ty , tz , about an orthogonal coordinate system), and to co-register each brain volume in the time-series. However, retrospective correction involves interpolation, which can cause image blurring, and is unable to fully correct for the influences of through-plane motion on local spin-history (1,2); additionally, the most common algorithms (3) only corrected for inter-volume motion (between dynamics), neglecting potential intra-volume motion between slices in the same dynamic. To avoid these limitations, several prospective strategies for EPI have been proposed – including image-based methods (2), 3D-navigators (1,4,5), and optical markers (6) – that compensate for motion in the acquisition stage by keeping the image-plane at a fixed orientation relative to the head during the scan. Here, we present the use of micro RF-coil "active markers" for real-time motion tracking (7-9). The improvement in image quality achieved using active markers for real-time motion correction has already been established for structural brain imaging (10,11). The current work demonstrates the first use of active markers for intra-volume (slice-by-slice) prospective motion correction in 2D-EPI sequences. Methods: Experiments were performed on a 1.5T Philips Achieva (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). A headband integrated with three active markers is securely affixed to the volunteer's forehead so that any head movement is reflected in the markers. A short tracking pulse-sequence, consisting of 1D projection readouts in three orthogonal directions, is used to measure the 3D-positions of the active markers before the acquisition of each EPI-slice. From this tracking data, the 6DOF rigid-body transform is calculated that realigns the current active marker positions to their initial (reference) locations; the transform is then fed back to prospectively update the image-plane for rotational and translational head motion before the next EPI-slice is acquired. In cases of extreme/abrupt motion, corrupted slices are rejected and reacquired with the updated geometry. For a detailed presentation of the active marker design, tracking pulse-sequence, and correction calculations, please refer to ref. (11). The multi-channel MR system allows simultaneous imaging using a standard bird-cage coil, and position tracking with our active marker headband. Slice-by-slice prospective correction was applied to a single-shot 2D-EPI dynamic scan (TE/TR = 40/1350 ms, θ = 85o, FOV = 192×192 mm, voxel size = 3×3 mm, thickness/gap = 5/1 mm, slices = 20, dynamics = 10). Scans were performed on a volunteer trained to reproduce two types of motion throughout the entire scan: an abrupt-intermittent left-right head-jerk, and a smooth-continuous left-right head-shake. For each motion, two scans were acquired – with correction ON and OFF – in order to evaluate improvements in image quality under similar motion conditions. Retrospective image co-registration using SPM5 software was performed on the prospectively corrected datasets as a measure of the residual motion remaining. Results: Sample images acquired with the volunteer performing abrupt motions during the scan are shown in Fig. 1. Row 1 demonstrates the effectiveness of prospective correction to maintain the brain at a fixed position in the image reference frame throughout the time-series, while row 2 illustrates the result of similar motion as in row 1 but without correction. Fig. 2a plots the 6-DOF calculated from the active marker positions for the images in Fig. 1, row 1, illustrating the nature of the head motion. Fig. 2b shows the residual motion remaining after retrospective co-registration is performed on the prospectively compensated images; residual rotation (±0.2o) and translation (±0.2 mm) are comparable to resting levels, further evidence that the prospective strategy corrected for almost all of the motion. Fig. 3 shows similar plots for the smooth motion case (images not shown).


Objective To research the diagnostic value of radionuclide bone imaging on ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Patients with AS and control group underwent 99m Tc MDP whole body, local and SPECT bone imaging, and the sacroiliac/sacral (SI/S) ratios were determined. Results The SI/S ratios of patients with early stage of AS (1.53±0.11) were all significantly increased compared with control group (1.21±0.10) and patients with middle (1.28±0.29)and late stage of AS (1.19±0.39) ( P 0.01); The SI/S ratios between middle and late stage of AS patients were undifferentiated ( P 0.05); The SI/S ratios of patients with middle and late stage of AS were not different compared with control group ( P 0.05 ); Whole body bone imaging showed the lumbar vertebrae and other joint diseases of 6 patients with AS not found in plain film. Whole body bone imaging showed 243 lesion of vertebral joints of patients with AS, whereas SPECT bone imaging found 309 lesion of vertebral joints. Conclusion The SI/S ratios determined with radionuclide bone imaging were valuable on early diagnosis of AS and not significant on diagnosis of middle and late AS; Bone imaging were more sensitive than plain film to find the early lesion of joint disease of patients with AS. SPECT bone imaging was obviously profitable than plain imaging to observe the lesion of vertebral joint.


The NASA Langley Research Center, Systems Engineering Office, has established a structured process for the application of systems engineering to in-house projects. Concurrent with this process development, several pilot studies have been conducted to refine the application steps and better tailor them to existing Langley policies and procedures. One such study is the subject of this paper, the LIDAR Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) Follow-On Study. The study was commissioned to utilize the LaRC systems engineering process for strategic planning, towards the overall goal of determining the best use of LASE hardware upon satisfaction of existing scientific objectives. This paper describes the process used, techniques employed, results obtained and lessons learned during application of the LaRC systems engineering process to the strategic resolution of the LASE experiment disposition.


This paper investigates the fault detection problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems in the T–S fuzzy framework. The unknown input is considered in the systems. A novel fault detection unknown input observer design method is proposed. Based on the proposed observer, the unknown input can be removed from the fault detection residual. The weighted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance level is considered to ensure the robustness. In addition, the weighted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_{-}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance level is introduced, which can increase the sensibility of the proposed detection method. To verify the proposed scheme, a numerical simulation example and an electromechanical system simulation example are provided at the end of this paper.


Today, the global share and increase of Internet traffic is largely caused by multimedia delivery, mainly encompassing video, audio and image sharing on social, news, and entertainment platforms. This fact is well known to the Internet research community, which tries to counteract by increasing the content delivery efficiency. So-called Information-Centric Networks (ICN) are of considerable interest, advertised as enablers for intelligent networks, where effective delivery is to be provided as an inherent network feature. Most research proposals in this area are evaluated in simulated environments, using simulation frameworks such as OMNeT++ or ns-3. However, simulations always have shortcomings and cannot substitute measurements in physical networks. In this demonstration, we show how to readily set up an ICN-based testbed using low-budget single-board computers to conduct comprehensive emulations. We choose the scenario of pull-based adaptive video delivery as a showcase and evaluate the performance of different client-based adaptation mechanisms at the application level and different content forwarding strategies at the network level. All of the presented tools and visualization features are provided as open source contributions to the community.


Since 1979 the Thatcher government of Great Britain push " Privatization " for enable to increase activity and flexibility of the British market 。Henceforward " Privatization " is the trend of worldwide 。 Privatization is the process by which the production of goods or services is removed from the government sector of the economy 。 Even if Legislature Yuan has not yet adopt "Privatization Policies " , but Energy Power Companies are allow to be open to the public companies , and theses public companies already that Taiwan Power Company feel contest under pressure . Thus Taiwan Power Company must to change enable to competitive with others ! But during transform procedure , all most of staffs are afraid that this kind of change will influence their future, their labor rights and some incertitude in the future. Most of people will against or will refuse to cooperate with and will influence their working attitude . This study is showing that the communication through the organization, the well explanation of the reform, the promise of the organization and the working achievement are the main factors of this revolution. Hope this could be useful for Taiwan power Company reform use. Due to Taiwan Power Company branches and service stations of every area in Taiwan, it's not easy to send all the questionnaires to every services & branches, therefore, we have sent 400 copies of questionnaires out by random and received 352 copies back by return. After analysis, we proposed the following : I .) Through well communication by Organization that staff can accept to enforce the personnel knowledge of this reform will increase their work performance . II.) Taiwan Power Company should take with their staff in every opportunity to communicate with their staffs, listen to their thoughts, be sure their working rights may not influence by this reform , that staff believe that the reform of company was good for them and for country !And the idea of reform will guide the company to shift gradually toward a more open and competitive market environment. Without staff's fully support or the incontinences of this reform will cause the failure in reform planning.


Based on the sound card as the signal source and acquisition module, the signal source is guided to each link of the line sequence to be determined through the multi-channel relay, The sound card is used to collect the signal and analyze the frequency and amplitude to determine the continuity and sequence of the link, It includes the setting of signal output type, output frequency, sampling length, sampling number and channel number, and the realization of corresponding control program, The software of the system is written with LabVIEW and the hardware transfer circuit, And serial port signal switching module and other hardware, can display the signal source waveform in real time, display the collected signal waveform and the determined line sequence and conduction results. The results show that: The system design is a consistent, stable, fast and high accuracy solution for line sequence or continuity test requirements including capacitance and capacitance like devices, The system has good expansibility, especially for the number of lines between a bundle, the more efficient the system can be reflected. After actual production verification, the overall accuracy of the system is more than 99.9%.


To study the thermal property and the feasibility about the target type impinging stream nozzles, the thermotechnical parameters have been measured in Xi'an No.3 Textile mill. The equation between quantity of water and pressure, aperture, spacing has been established by regression analysis method. In the same way, the equation and the characteristic curve about efficiency and spacing, air mass velocity has been built. Comparing with the centrifugal nozzle, water distribution system about each nozzle has been calculated. Hydrographic net resistance of each kind of system has been calculated and the economical analysis has been done. It may provide a reference basis for choosing nozzle and designing the water spray chamber.


Molecular techniques, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA genes clone library construction and metagenomic analysis, were used to describe the bacterial composition of the Karvachar geothermal spring. It was shown the predominance of bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria in the studied spring. Representatives of phylum Firmicutes were not detected in the clone library, while DGGE profiling and metagenome analysis confirmed the presence of Firmicutes as one of the major components in the bacterial community.


The interaction of the ISM with the evolution of PNe is studied for cases where there is a large relative velocity between ISM and central star, for example for high-proper motion PNe. In such cases the ISM wind already interacts strongly with the AGB wind, and extensive PN asymmetries result.


THE PROCEDURE USED FOR CONDUCTING DEFLECTION SURVEYS ON FLEXIBLE-TYPE PAVEMENTS IS DESCRIBED. ALSO, A PROJECT IS DESCRIBED ON WHICH THE DEFLECTION DATA INDICATED THAT THE EXISTING PAVEMENT WAS NOT SUITABLE TO SUPPORT A PROPOSED 3-IN. PLANT-MIX OVERLAY. THEREFORE, THE UPPER 6 IN. OF THE BASE WAS TREATED WITH CEMENT BEFORE PLACING THE PLANT MIX SURFACE. A DEFLECTION SURVEY AFTER CONSTRUCTION SHOWED THE PAVEMENT TO BE SUCCESSFUL.


[Objective]To detect the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) on apoptosis and expression of livin and caspase-9 on human osteosarcoma cell MG-63. [Methods]Human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 was cultured in vitro.At 24,48 and 72 hous after treatment of PDTC at different concentration(50,100,200 and 400 μmol/L),MTT assay was used to observe the growth inhibition of osteosarcoma cell MG-63.The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Protein of livin and caspase-9 was detected by Western blot,at 24 hours after treatment of PDTC at different concentration.[Results]When PDTC was added,growth inhibition and increased apoptosis of MG-63 cells were detected,showing a dose and time dependent manner.PDTC also down-regulated the level of the protein expression of livin(P0.05),and elevated the protein expression of caspase-3(P0.05).[Conclusion]PDTC can induce apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell MG-63,which may be correlated with down-regulation of livin and up-regulation of caspase-9 expression.


3D point cloud completion has been a long-standing challenge at scale, and corresponding per-point supervised training strategies suffered from cumbersome annotations. 2D supervision has recently emerged as a promising alternative for 3D tasks, but specific approaches for 3D point cloud completion still remain to be explored. To overcome these limitations, we propose an end-to-end method that directly lifts a single depth map to a completed point cloud. With one depth map as input, a multiway novel depth view synthesis network (NDVNet) is designed to infer coarsely completed depth maps under various viewpoints. Meanwhile, a geometric depth perspective rendering module is introduced to utilize the raw input depth map to generate a re-projected depth map for each view. Therefore, the two parallelly generated depth maps for each view are further concatenated and refined by a depth completion network (DCNet). The final completed point cloud is fused from all refined depth views. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach composed of aforementioned components, to produce high-quality, state-of-the-art results on the popular SUNCG benchmark.


PURPOSE
Epidemiological studies of second cancer risks in breast cancer radiotherapy patients often use generic patient anatomy to reconstruct normal tissue doses when CT images of patients are not available. To evaluate the uncertainty involved in the dosimetry approach, we evaluated the esophagus dose in five sample patients by simulating breast cancer treatments.

METHODS
We obtained the diagnostic CT images of five anonymized adult female patients in different Body Mass Index (BMI) categories (16- 36kg/m2) from National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. We contoured the esophagus on the CT images and imported them into a Treatment Planning System (TPS) to create treatment plans and calculate esophagus doses. Esophagus dose was calculated once again via experimentally-validated Monte Carlo (MC) transport code, XVMC under the same geometries. We compared the esophagus doses from TPS and the MC method. We also investigated the degree of variation in the esophagus dose across the five patients and also the relationship between the patient characteristics and the esophagus doses.

RESULTS
Eclipse TPS using Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) significantly underestimates the esophagus dose in breast cancer radiotherapy compared to MC. In the worst case, the esophagus dose from AAA was only 40% of the MC dose. The Coefficient of Variation across the patients was 48%. We found that the maximum esophagus dose was up to 2.7 times greater than the minimum. We finally observed linear relationship (Dose = 0.0218 × BMI - 0.1, R2=0.54) between patient's BMI and the esophagus doses.

CONCLUSION
We quantified the degree of uncertainty in the esophagus dose in five sample breast radiotherapy patients. The results of the study underscore the importance of individualized dose reconstruction for the study cohort to avoid misclassification in the risk analysis of second cancer. We are currently extending the number of patients up to 30.


The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is a member of a group of insects known as bark beetles. Its entire life cycle is spent beneath the bark of host trees, except when adults emerge from brood trees and fly in search of new host trees.


Robert Knox (1791–1862) was a Scottish surgeon and anatomist par excellence. he ranked among the most influential teachers in Britain but his reputation and career were destroyed by ignorance, naivety or collusion. This article seeks to address Knox's involvement with the Edinburgh 'resurrection men' – the grave-robbing murderers who scandalised a nation, william Burke and william hare.


During a design procedure of association rule mining approach, there are two common issues: the transformation method from continuous quantitative attributes to qualitative concepts, and efficiency of data mining. In order to acquire association rules in a database with different types of attributes, the cloud transformation which is included in the cloud model theoretical framework is applied as an uncertain concept extraction tool in this paper. By the feature analysis of association rule mining in uncertain concept space, the frequent item-set generation is converted to a combination optimization problem. A modified object function and artificial immune algorithm for association rule mining are designed accordingly. A novel method of non-frequent item hyper set detection is introduced to reduce the number of database scanning and improve the efficiency. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accomplish the association rule mining by global random search, with the robustness that the computational cost is insensitive with the variation of threshold parameters.


There are different suitable RNA extracting methods for different plant tissues.In this study,the improved CTAB method,Trizol method,and quick RNA isolation kit were used to extract total RNA from waxy leave of Anthurium scherzerianum,Liliumpetals with high sugar content,and Tagetes erecta petals with high pigment content,and the extracting effects were compared to find out the optimum method for different plant tissues.The results showed that the improved CTAB method was suitable for A.scherzerianumleave,and Trizol method was suitable for Liliumand T.erecta petals,because both 28 S band and 18 Sband of total RNA were clear,moreover 28 Sband was brighter than 18 Sband.Though the 5Sband was also bright in some experiments indicating the partial degradation of total RNA,the extracting quality accorded with the demand of the following experiments.And the result of RT-PCR amplification meets the conclusion above.


The invention relates to a joining locations structure for a shaft / disk composite workpiece, in particular for connecting the shaft 1 with a connecting flange 2 of a hub part of the disc by means of friction welding. Between the shaft 1 and the connecting flange 2 of the hub part, a defined depending web 4, 4 'is introduced that interferes with the softened during the friction welding material in its propagation before and after a joining point. 3 The joints structure is used for example in connecting the crankshaft and the hub part of a drive wheel.


An expansive clay soil material that is composed of various minerals include kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite group. Mineral montmorilinite have the sensitivity to the effects of the water is very easy to expand and contract. High and low levels of development (swelling) and shrinkage (shrinkage) expansive clay is determined by the high and low content of montmorillonite on expansive clay granules. Because of these properties are very high content of montmorillonite often cause problems in the building. This study uses a solution of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as a stabilizer through the compaction process Modified Proctor on OMC Proctor standard by the number of collisions each is 10 x, 25 x and 56 x, and the amount of additional water in cc on dry ground, with variations in increments of 100%, water by 90%:10% H2SO4, water by 80%: 20% H2SO4 and water by 90%: 30% H2SO4. This research was conducted testing-testing in the laboratory include: physical properties, mechanical properties. swelling pressure, swelling potential and CBR with curing and no curing. Results of the test-the test, can increase the value of physical and mechanical properties, while pergujian against swelling pressure and swelling potential is not significantly increased.


Super capacitor has some advantages of high charge-discharge rate, long life, simple structure and reliable performance, and it is especially suitable as braking energy renewable energy storage device for electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle. In this paper, aiming at micro electric vehicle (EV), the operation principle of a control system of braking energy regeneration was analyzed, structure design scheme was proposed, the circuit of electronic control system was designed, and the method of operation pattern recognition and control of electronic control system was put forward. Experimental vehicle test results showed that the method of operation pattern recognition and control improved braking energy regeneration rate of micro EV, and increased its continued driving mileage.


This paper examines whether simultaneous market orientation and environmental innovation may drive organizations' environmental sustainability performance, with environmental innovation as a mediation. Market orientation, innovation, and performance: the relationship between the three constructs has been shown in several previous investigations, but not many results have been obtained about how it impacts the environment. We study market orientation relationships as separate variables, namely customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination. The examination every market orientation component that affects organizational environmental innovation on how to change environmental sustainability performance. The method used to analyze data is modeling the structural equations of cross-sectional survey data with the SMART-PLS software, using 300 manufacture small businesses located in Indonesia. We empirically test and substantiate that not all components of market orientation have a significantly positive effect on environmental sustainability performance, but environmental innovation is an excellent mediator. Our findings show that small businesses can improve their market orientation capabilities and innovate in overcoming the challenges of environmental damage in the future, even with limited resources.


NaBH4 is considered as a promising candidate material for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its high hydrogen content of 10.6 wt %. However, its practical use is hampered by its high thermodynamic stability and slow H-exchange kinetics. In the present work, the effects of Ti-based additives, including Ti, TiH2, and TiF3, on the dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of NaBH4 (NaH+B) were investigated. It was revealed that all of the titanium-based additives were effective in improving the hydrogen desorption and absorption reactions of NaBH4, and, among them, TiF3 possessed the highest catalytic activity. The whole dehydrogenation process for the NaBH4–0.05TiF3 sample can be regarded as a two-step process: (i) a preferential reaction (3NaBH4 + TiF3 → 3NaF + TiB2 + B + 6H2) occurring at around 300 °C, and (ii) the formation of Ti- and F-containing species catalyze the dehydrogenation of the remaining NaBH4. It was also indicated that the F anion can substitute for anionic H in NaH to form NaF1–xHx in the ca...


The invention is based on an electrical household appliances diaphragm device having a support unit (10) and at least a first, on the carrier unit (10) is arranged, a first front surface (12) forming transparent aperture element (14) and at least one second (on the first panel element 14) (in its lower edge region 16) adjacent a second Fronflache (18) forming the panel element (20). In order to provide a generic device with improved properties in terms of operability, it is proposed that the first front surface (12) of the first panel element (14) and the second front surface (18) of the second diaphragm member (20) at least partially in differing depth levels (22, 24 ) are arranged.


of the thesis presented by Oscar González Davis as a partial requirement to obtain the MASTER OF SCIENCE degree in LIFE SCIENCES with orientation in MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY. Ensenada, Baja California, México December 2010. BIOPROSPECTION OF CYANOBACTERIA AND MICROALGAE AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Vibrio campbellii M1 AND THEIR USE IN Litopenaeus vannamei CULTURE The shrimp industry is the fastest growing food production sector in the world, however, it is constantly being abated by the permanent presence of microbial diseases such as vibriosis which have caused mortalities of up to 100%. The most common solution in aquaculture has been the use of wide spectrum antibiotics, which has propitiated the emergence of multiresistant strains. An alternative method is the use of probiotic bacteria. Microalgae and cyanobacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances that have a beneficial effect over hosts by eliminating pathogen strains and modifying their microbial environment. Based on this, bioprospection of microalgae and cyanobacteria able to produce antimicrobial compounds against Vibrio campbellii M1 (CAIM 333) and their potential use as biocontrol agents in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture was assessed. Twenty-nine species of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria from the culture collections of CICESE where cultured until stationary phase in "f" media. Biomass was utilized to obtain aqueous and organic (methanol: acetic acid, 30:1) extracts to evaluate their antimicrobial capacity against V. campbellii M1. Also, biotoxicity assays with Artemia franciscana nauplii where elaborated. Results show an antimicrobial effect on 6 aqueous extracts from microalgae and 3 from cyanobacteria without producing a toxic effect on A. franciscana. The microalgae species Dunaliella tertiolecta and Skeletonema costatum where selected to evaluate their probiotic effect in L. vannamei shrimp (~18 mm total length) which where challenged with V. campbellii M1. Our results did not show differences in mortality between treatments tested. Our data suggest that pathogenicity of V. campbellii M1 could be related to the growth stage of shrimp.


We are fabricating radio-frequency silicon nitride cantilevers for the use in scanning probe microscopy. These cantilevers will be used to study dielectric fluctuations above thin polymers films and charging behavior in organic field-effect transistors. Further, we have fabricated doublyclamped cantilevers of similar dimension and constituency and employed a magnetomotive scheme to measure their frequencies (~ 5 MHz) and quality factors (~ 70'000).


This paper aims at planning the trajectory of an arbitrary angular displacement of single flexible arm to eliminate the residual flexural vibration. Though the concept of neutral points of flexural vibration was proposed, the strategy hasn't been really extended to arbitrary angular displacement yet. Recently, the rest-to-rest motion for arbitrary angular displacement has been successfully dealt with different schemes; however, the flexible beam's dynamic model wasn't used to deduce their rules. This paper proposed to use mirror phenomenon to physically interpret the coincidence of half travel and a neutral point, and thereby deduce the trajectory planning scheme based on the flexural vibration model. The symmetric T-curve velocity profile is chosen to make the approach general. Having the angular acceleration fixed in the T curve, the trajectory planning problem reduces to the duration adjustment problem of the T-curve for the desired displacement with the imposed constraint of half travel at a neutral point. The simulation results demonstrate that a properly mirrored trajectory may successfully counteract the flexural vibration even tracking is made by a simple PD controller.© 2010 ASME


The partition coefficient P in the 1-octanol/water system was analyzed for a great number of multisubstituted benzenes of ecotoxicological importance consisting of acetanilides, benzamides, nitrobenzenes, and anisoles having various substitution patterns in terms of the Δ log P (log P – log P[unsubstituted benzene]) quantitatively with free energy-related physicochemical substituent parameters. The analyses showed that the stereoelectronic effects of ortho, meta, and para substituents on the relative solvation of individual polar groups capable of hydrogen bonding with the partitioning solvents are very important in determining the variations in the log P value. The effects were additive in the set of complicated multisubstituted benzenes, leading to a correlation equation represented by a linear combination of terms of hydrophobic, electronic, and steric parameters summed up over substituents. It was suggested that the procedure be extended to analyze and predict the log P value of any multiply substituted benzenes.


An ambient wall with a window were studied with both theoretical analyses and measurements performedunder conditions with natural climate. The method used wes to estimate the heat flow through wall and windowfrom measured temperatures and solar radiation. The longwave radiation was calculated from surface temperatures. The convective heat transfer was caculated as the difference between the heat flow through the building element and the longwave radiation. With the one-dimensional dynamic heat transfer model for the window which included shortwave radiation it was possible to measure the continuous heat flow through a window from temperature sensors and solar radiation measurements. With the one-dimensional finite difference model for the heat transfer through the wall it was possible to calculate thre heat flow through a wall from temperature sensors. It was possible to continuously measure the convective heet transfer coefficient on the inner surface of a wall or a window, The accurary was not very good: at best +/- 15% for the window and, +/- 20% for the wall. Even with this low accuracy the effect of different heating and ventilation strategies on the inside could clearly be detected. The results showed that the importance of the ventiletion design and the position of the radiaton is crucial. Local convective heat transfer coefficients may be more than 10 times the expected, due to ventilation or position of the radiator.


Brief patient encounters can be challenging for a radiologist on a busy service. We often meet patients for the first time (without the benefit of an established patient-physician relationship), break bad news to patients who are often more comfortable discussing difficult and stressful medical results with their primary care providers, and are asked management-related questions immediately following a brief review of complicated studies. Without dedicated clinic time, these encounters are often considered disruptive to the daily workflow. Our goal in this article is to increase awareness of some steps radiologists can take to make brief patient encounters more effectual and thus foster greater patient satisfaction. 2 It helps to start the conversation by explaining that radiologists play a different role than most clinicians and focusing our discussions on imaging findings and not on detailing the management plan. We outline 6 steps and 4 tips based on our personal experience with brief patient interactions that we found especially effectual.


Physicians may respond to the age of the patient rather than to the degree of impairment in making a diagnosis of chronic brain syndrome (CBS), A study of 800 male veterans placed in nursing homes during a seven‐year period included demographic data, ward staff rating and physicians' assessments of impairment. In 159 patients the diagnosis was CBS, and in 80 this diagnosis was the primary one. A comparison was made with 159 patients (drawn at random) who did not have CBS. The CBS group showed greater impairment of the vascular, renal and nervous systems. Analysis of intergroup differences was performed with controls for age, since the CBS group was significantly older. Confusion and uncooperativeness as rated by ward nurses still ranked highest as discriminators. The findings suggest that diagnosis was supported by the behavioral and impairment data rather than by the age of the patient. Age alone was not a basis for predicting confused behavior. Rather than label the CBS patient as an "old crock," we should learn to understand him as an individual with a valid diagnosis of real impairment.


Dominant designs have been shown to affect the ground rules upon which competitive forces behave within an industry (Suarez & Utterback, 1995). The effects of a dominant design can be so profound as to cause the demise of firms that do not detect the dominant design early and, as a consequence, do not adopt it for their products (Christensen et al., 1998). Therefore it is in the best interests of the management of technology producing firms to develop methods to detect the emergence of a new dominant design that may disrupt their business. Existing research has added to our understanding of the forces contributing to the success and failure of technologies and firms, especially in fast-paced technology industries (Brown & Eisenhardt, 1997; Christensen et al., 1998; Cusumano & Yoffie, 1998; Eisenhardt & Brown, 1998; Suarez & Utterback, 1995; Teece, 1986; Tushman & Anderson, 1986). However, very little has been written to develop factors, based on technological change research, to assist managers in understanding the forces influencing the emergence of a dominant design. The paper derives a framework for the emergence of a dominant design from the literature and applies it to the Internet software industry. This is accomplished through an indepth examination of the web server industry. Particular attention is given to factors important in network-based economies including network effects, standards, complimentary assets and technological change. A complete examination of the web server industry from its origins in the Internet through to today's web server market dominated by the products of two main software development methodologies, open-source and proprietary-executable only provides interesting insights into the application of the emergence framework. The paper concludes with an emphasis on understanding the importance of standards, network effects and complementary assets in industries where open standards play an important role in the evolution of technology.


Preface, List of Illustrations, Roman Equivalents of Nagari Letters 1. Introduction 2. The Village 3. Village, Town and City 4. Socio-Economic Stratification 5. Aspects of Social Life 6. Village Economy 7. Religious Ideas and Beliefs 8. Administration and Taxation Appendix I: Ownership of Agricultural Land in Ancient India Appendix II: Grant of Land and Villages Notes and References Bibliography Index


The Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX on Palm Sunday (20 March) 1239. Over the next six years a number of peace negotiations and offers took place, all of which ultimately failed, despite a belief at the imperial court in the spring of 1244 that success had been achieved. Finally, at the Council of Lyons, on 17 July 1245, Frederick was declared deposed and 'deprived of all honour and dignity' by Pope Innocent IV, and his subjects' oaths of fealty made null and void.


This paper presents a self-sustained and flexible decentralized control strategy for DC nanogrids in remote areas/islands without the need for a communication system. The proposed control strategy of the DC nanogrid is based upon a hierarchical control in which the primary control can manage the balance of the current for the internal bus voltage while the secondary control can restore deviation of the DC bus voltage caused by droop operation. The control algorithm provides a flexible exchange of power inside a nanogrid as well as among various nanogrids according to the state of charge (SoC) of the battery and the variation of the interconnecting DC bus voltage without any communication link. Experimental results are given to validate the proposed control strategy.


The steady-state behavior of thermal transport in bulk and nanostructured semiconductors has been widely studied, both theoretically and experimentally. On the other hand, fast transients and frequency dynamics of thermal conduction has been given less attention. The frequency response of thermal conductivity has become more crucial in recent years, especially in light of the constant rise in the clock frequencies in microprocessors and terahertz sensing applications. Thermal conductivity in response to a time-varying temperature field starts decaying when the frequency exceeds a cut-off frequency Ωc, which is related to the inverse of phonon relaxation time τ , on the order of 2-10 ps in most bulk semiconductors. Phonons in graphene have much longer phonon relaxation times, which we show leads to far lower Ωc. Our calculations, based on the phonon Boltzmann equation coupled with first-principles dispersion, show that dynamical thermal conductivity of graphene resembles a low-pass filter that decays beyond an Ωc ranging from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, controlled by temperature and ribbon width. The response parallels the Drude model of electrons, but with far lower cut-off. Moreover, the presence of strong normal processes in graphene results in a complex-valued conductivity and gradual transition around Ωc, with the resistive contribution to the heat flux having higher cutoff frequency and smaller phase lag than the hydrodynamic part. The dynamical conductivity will impact dissipation in high-frequency applications of graphene. Our findings also provide a platform for future studies of hydrodynamic transport and wave-like, or second sound, heat transfer by tuning the frequency of the applied temperature field.


This study, the ninth in the series "Studies in the Phonology of Asian Languages," aims to analyze the phonological properties of the accentual system of Standard Colloquial Japanese on the basis of acoustic-phonetic data, especially data obtained through use of the sound spectrograph and pitch extractor. Chapters deal with functional distinctions among accent patterns, methods of acoustic-phonetic analysis, fundamental frequency and intensity as correlates of Japanese accent, and new conceptualizations for the phonological description of accent distinctions. Three transcription systems are used--phonetic, phonemic, and romanized. (Author/DD) STUDIES IN THE PHONOLOGY OF ASIAN LANGUAGES


We develop a new theory of the refractive index of molecular fluids, based upon quantum electrodynamics and many-body theory. The theory incorporates both fluctuation effects and the influence of intermolecular forces.


The adjustable delay device 10 comprises an ECL gate 11 associated with a 23 control circuit acting on the values of the load resistors 14, 15 of the transistors 12, 13 and the load resistor 18 of the current source 16 gate 11 for linearly varying the current produced by the source 16 while maintaining constant the voltage on the collectors of transistors 12, 13. the resistance variation range is selected so that the delay between the iN input signals, * IN and OUT, OUT * varies substantially linearly. The invention applies in particular to digital data transmission systems at very high speed, more than one gigabit per second for example.


One objection to the use of films in roentgenography has been the difficulty of holding the films in the viewing box. This may be done by placing the films between two clean glass plates and securing them with spring clips or adhesive tape. If but few cases are handled each week, this method will do very well, but becomes rather irksome if many cases are handled daily. To meet this objection we have had made, for our use, a film holder which is shown in the accompanying sketch. The frame ( a ) is made of galvanized iron. It should be heavy enough not to bend easily. The outside dimensions are the same as those of the film with which the holder is to be used. Each side and end are from one-half to three-fourths inch wide, depending on the size of the frame and the weight of the material. Across each


The leaf water content of Salix psammophila at different part of slope and the ones of three kinds of seedlings of Salix psammophila have been measured,and the relevant relationship between soil water content and leaf water content of Salix psammophila has been analyzed.The results show: the leaf water content at windward slope the one at lowland among dunes the one at leeward slope,which the leaf water content at the bottom of windward slope is the highest as 61.98%,and the difference between the leaf water content at middle of leeward slope and the one at bottom of leeward slope.The order of leaf water content of three kinds of seedlings of Salix psammophila is current seedlingperennial branchseedling,which is consistent with the foliage area.To sum up,the leaf water content of Salix psammophila is interrelated with the water content of surface soil.


Lu 3–010 [3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐(3‐methylaminopropyl)‐1‐phenylphthalan], administered intraperitoneally, blocks the uptake of [3H]noradrenaline into the mouse and rat heart and has an activity 5 times greater than imipramine and comparable to that of desipramine. Lu 3–010 inhibits basal gastric acid secretion in the rat and is 4 and 2 times more potent than imipramine and desipramine, respectively. The drug is about 9 times more potent than desipramine in preventing the pentagastrin‐induced stimulation of gastric acid secretion in the rat. Lu 3–010 reduces the incidence of stress‐induced gastric lesions in the rat, exhibiting an ED50 ± s.e. of 6.3 ± 1.4 mg/kg, and at 10 mg/kg, ulcer development in the 17‐hour Shay test is reduced by 50%.


A 78-year-old man is admitted with episodes of severe angina associated with hypotension. Urgent angiography finds critical left main stenosis with well-preserved left ventricular function (Figure 1). While discussing the treatment plan with the physician, the patient suddenly manifests sustained ventricular fibrillation. Prompt electrocardioversion restores sinus rhythm, but there is electromechanical dissociation and no blood pressure. Chest compressions are initiated. A guiding catheter quickly inserted into the left coronary finds total occlusion of the left main (Figure 2). Between chest compressions, the left main is opened with balloon angioplasty (Figure 3), and a stent is implanted, restoring flow, contractility, and blood pressure. The patient is discharged 3 days later, sustaining only a small rise in cardiac enzymes.

Figure 1. Urgent coronary angiography in a 78-year-old man with unstable angina finds critical left main stenosis (A).

Figure 2. The left main occludes soon after the diagnostic angiogram, resulting in absent ventricular contraction.

Figure 3. Emergency balloon angioplasty during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves left main flow (note wrist watch on individual performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation at right upper corner of image). A DES is then implanted.

See p 1942 and p 1948

Is this case unusual? Some might argue "no." Stents and balloon angioplasty have been used for decades to rescue patients from disaster. However, in one way, this 78-year-old man underwent a revolutionary procedure. This patient's left main coronary artery was treated with a drug-eluting stent (DES). Three months later, a follow-up angiogram found no evidence of restenosis (Figure 4). If further follow-up of this and other patients enrolled in left main DES trials prove favorable, the paradigm could shift, making DES the treatment of choice for obstructive left main coronary disease.

Figure 4. Surveillance angiogram at 3 months documents excellent patency of the DES within the left main coronary artery.

In the …


This paper describes studies with a variety of solar cookers at Avinashilingam Deemed University, India. The objective of the studies was to determine the following: the time needed for cooking various foods; the amount of fuel conserved; and suitable menus for use with the cooker. It was concluded that, on bright sunny days, the solar cooker can be used satisfactorily for preparing cereals, legumes, vegetables, roots and tubers, bakery items, eggs and groundnuts. Inadequate and intermittent sunshine, fluctuation in wind velocity, clouds, rain and other environmental factors could affect the solar intensity which, in turn, would affect the cooking time. The palatability of solar cooked items was satisfactory when compared to items cooked using firewood, kerosene or gas. Among the various solar cooking devices, the box type cookers were found to have advantages over the basket type due to convenience in handling. However, it is not possible to prepare certain items commonly used in India using the box type cookers.


Teaching Point: Cranial hemangiopericytoma is a rare neoplasm that can be differentiated from meningioma on imaging by its lobulated, mushrooming contours and adjacent osteolysis rather than hyperostosis.


Using the method of linear matrix inequalities (LMI), this paper considers the H/sub /spl infin// dynamic output feedback control for descriptor systems with delayed-state. The controller is one descriptor system without delay. Several equivalent sufficient conditions for the existence of one descriptor dynamic controller without impulsive models are given. Furthermore the explicit expression of the desired controller is obtained. Finally one example is given to show the validity of the proposed results.


IP multicasting is the most efficient way to perform group data distribution, as it eliminates traffic redundancy and improves bandwidth utilization. Application layer multicast (ALM) has been proposed to overcome some of the limitations in IP multicasting such as scalability and deployability. Limited computing power, scarcity of bandwidth and end-host's reluctance to share bandwidth make ALM difficult to spread. In this paper, we keep eye to those problems and present an ALM that scrutinizes the commitment of the ALM nodes. Failure to provide quality of service agreement triggers performance penalty for the node in concern. Thus, every node has an obligation to its descendants; as a result, a nice collaboration among the end-hosts is achieved for group communication. It has good performance for content distribution, as it reflects physical network topology onto the overlay network constructed by the end-hosts. Tree refinement and backup path strategies are taken to better satisfy heterogeneous QoS requirements


We study WDM fiber-radio network assisted by distributed Raman amplifiers (DRA) or EDFA. Experimental results indicate that DRA can suppress gain saturation effect in downstream transmission and improve noise performance in upstream transmission.


This paper reports on the tribo-mechanical properties of Si/SiO2/Cr/Au thin films with different thickness. We concentrated on Cr/Au films since this alloy in bulk is known as a stable low resistance material. Due to their superior tribological properties, Cr/Au thin films have offered opportunities in many technical applications, such as protective coatings and wear-resistant coatings. Recently, the passivation of silicon surfaces within microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) using Cr/Au thin films has been proposed to prevent stiction and to reduce friction. A full understanding of the tribological and mechanical behavior of thin film is an essential issue in such applications which used the optical sensors or other settings where good adhesion of gold to a substrate is of importance and where controlled topography/roughness is the key. The structural and surface morphology, adhesion, friction, Young's modulus and hardness of this thin film were studied for three different thicknesses. The variation of the film thickness affects the structure, surface and mechanical properties of Cr/Au thin films. Elastic modulus and hardness are two important mechanical properties of the thin-film structural materials used in microelectromechanical systems. The mechanical properties of electroplated chrome-gold thin film are found to be highly dependent on the manufacturing process and also on the thin film thickness.


satisfying suitable reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity conditions. The importance of setoids in type theory has been deeply investigated by Hofmann in [8] who introduced the setoid model in order to obtain extensional constructs in intensional type theory. Mainly, setoids are used to provide the quotient construction in place of the quotient types which lead to the undecidability of the type check or the introduction of non-canonical elements. In category theory, setoids provide an instance of the categorical construction called the exact completion which is briefly described as follows. Given a weakly left exact category (wlex) C , the exact completion Cex of C is an exact category in the sense of Barr [1]. The objects of Cex are given by the pseudo equivalence relations i.e. pairs of arrows of C r1, r2 : R → X


Rapid prototyping is an important step in the development and the verification of computationally demanding tasks of digital communication systems, such as Forward Error Correction (FEC) decoding. The goal is to replace time-consuming simulations based on abstract models of the system with real-time experiments under real-world conditions. GPU-like architecture is a promising approach to fully exploit the potential of FPGA-based acceleration platforms. In this article, an application-specific GPU-like architecture and a complete compilation framework for decoding LDPC codes are proposed. The interest in an application-specific GPU in comparison with current GPUs is detailed. Finally, real-time experimentations demonstrate the potential of the GPU-like decoder to investigate both algorithmic and architectural issues.


The importance of learning , diligentin learning and good at learning is a good tradition of theCommunistParty of China and an importanthistorical experience of our party's efforts to advance the greatcause.Yan an period is the key period of Chinese party self construction and China revolutionary development, in this period the Party Central Committee putforward implementation of the "greatproj ect" the construction of the party, and an important link is the party carrying outextensive and in- depth study movement, to improve the ruling ability of Party members and cadres of the party and the cultural level, the cultivation and the the formation of a good style of study, a strong impetus to the developmentof Chinese revolution. In the period of Yan an learning movementhas created a lotof valuable experience, and has importantand profound enlightenmentto the currentstreng thening and reference of study style construction of Party members and cadres.


ObjectiveTo establish a RP-HPLC method to determine the concentration of strychnine in biological materials.MethodsDIKMA Diamonsil~(TM) C_(18) column(250 mm×(4.6) mm,5 μm) was used as an analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of 12 volume of acetonitrile,88 volume of(0.01)% triethylamine(adjusted to pH(2.6) with phosphoric acid).The flow rate was(1.0) mL/min.The UV detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.ResultsStrychnine had a good linearity in the range of(0.75)~(1.8) μg/mL.The minimum detection concentration in blood plasma and liver was(0.15) μg/mL and(0.45) μg/g,respectively.The recoveries of three different concentrations ranged from 90% to 110%,and the RSD values of Intra-day and inter-day were all under(10.0)%.ConclusionThe method is quick,precise and simple.It can be used to determine the concentration of strychnine in biological materials.


This paper provides a succint s t a t ement of the determinis t ic dynamic disequilibrium network design problem. The formulation developed here is currently the subject of of an effort to provide numerical tools for optimal dynamic infrastructure capital budgeting. We also present a numerical solution of a small example model using a discrete multigrid optimization approach. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n This paper addresses the problem of optimal design of a congested network in disequilibrium. As such the model presented herein is normative in the sense of maximizing net social welfare and dynamic in the sense that flows are viewed as equilibrium-tending, although there is no a priori assumption that an equilibrium is reached during the planning horizon. Precursors to this work include the papers by Friesz and Shah (1999), Friesz et al. (1999) and Friesz and Shah (2001). We emphasize in this paper the importance of 1. elastic demand functions, 2. the proper line integral for stating consumers' surplus (net users' benefits), and 3. discrete-time approximations in Euclidean space in dynamic disequilibrium network design. We take the need to construct dynamic network design models to accurately consider transient impacts on the net benefits of users during digressions from equilibrium to be largely self evident. The reader *Department of Systems Engineering & Operations Research, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 tTransportation Engineering Department, National Chiao Tung University, ROC tPudae University, School of Civil Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907 w of Systems Engineering ~z Operations Research, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030. This research was partially supported by NSF grant DMI-9800544.


Regarding latency, privacy, resiliency and network scarcity management, only distributed approaches such as proposed by Fog Computing architecture can efficiently address the fantastic growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT applications could be deployed and run hierarchically at different levels in an infrastructure ranging from centralized datacenters to the connected things themselves. Consequently, software entities composing IoT applications could be executed in many different configurations. The heterogeneity of the equipment and devices of the target infrastructure opens opportunities in the placement of the software entities, taking into account their requirements in terms of hardware, cyber-physical interactions and software dependencies. Once the most appropriate place has been found, software entities have to be deployed and run. Container-based virtualization has been considered to overpass the complexity of packaging, deploying and running software entities in a heterogeneous distributed infrastructure at the vicinity of the connected devices. This paper reports a practical experiment presented as a live demo that showcases a "Smart Bell in a Collaborative Neighborhood" IoT application in the Fog. Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) has been put in place based on Docker technologies to deploy and run micro-services in the context of Smart Homes operated by Orange.


The present invention relates to a catalyzed soot filter, the catalyzed soot filter comprises a wall flow substrate, the substrate length of the wall flow substrate with an inlet axial end, an outlet end, extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and by a wall an inner wall flow substrates defining a plurality of passages, wherein the plurality of passages comprising inlet passages having open inlet end and closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, and wherein the inner wall of the inlet passageway comprises coating the first inlet partition, the inner wall of the outlet passage comprises a first outlet partition coating, wherein the first inlet and a first outlet and a coating layer coating the coating loading ratio of less than 0.5 is present in the wall flow substrate.


The invention discloses an LED with a high In component InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure. A GaN nucleating layer, an undoped GaN layer, n-shaped GaN layer, a multiple quantum well active layer, a p-shaped ALGaN carrier barrier layer and a p-shaped GaN layer grow upward on a sapphire substrate in turn. The multiple quantum well active layer comprises a multiple quantum well InxGa1-xN/GaN layer for releasing stress, a multiple quantum well InyGa1-yN/GaN layer growing on the multiple quantum well InxGa1-xN/GaN layer and used for improving the quality of crystals and electrical properties and a multiple quantum well InzGa1-zN/GaN emitting layer growing on the multiple quantum well InyGa1-yN/GaN layer. The LED can improve the quality of the crystals, better reduce the V-shaped defects between InGaN and GaN and increase the threshold voltage of the LED.


In the main access technology Cable Modem and S-CDMA based on HFC,put forward a new low cost broadband access technology not reforming existing CATV network.Then discuss its form scheme and several keys realization technology: mixing at the signal one /separate,self-adaptation multiplex technology,resisting above 40 dB circuit attenuation.The experiment indicates the new scheme can solve the access problem of CATV network effectively.


By using multiple p-adic q-integrals, we define the p-adic q-L-function in n-variables and the q-extension of p-adic log multiple gamma functions. From these definitions, we show that the values of the p-adic q-L-function at positive integers can be expressed in terms of the q-extension of p-adic log multiple gamma functions.


2-Amino-3-cyano quinoline (1) and bis (methylthio) methylene malononitrile (2) were refluxed in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) in presence of catalytic amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate to afforded 3, 11-dicyano-4-imino-2-methylthio -4H-pyrimido [1, 2-a] quinoline (3). The latter were further reacted with different substituted aniline, phenol, hetryl amine and compound containing active methyl group. Afforded to 3, 11-dicyano-4-imino -4H-pyrimido [1, 2-a] quinoline and their 2-substuited derivatives (4a-7c). All these newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data, and screened for their antimicrobial activities.


Purpose
Before providing an overview of the conference with the above title and this Special Issue, this paper aims to present a view of the meaning of systemic risk, factors that affect systemic risk and measures of systemic risk. Thereafter, the conference presentations and the papers in this issue are summarized.

Design/methodology/approach
Characteristics and measures of systemic risk are reviewed. Conference papers and presentations are summarized.

Findings
While some aspects of systemic risk of a financial institution can be measured, an important aspect associated with contagion through markets is not easily captured by simple measures.

Originality/value
The conference and the papers in this issue contribute to the policy debate about sources and characteristics of systemic risk.


This paper studies governments' gain from firms' assistance through a reciprocal relationship using a natural experiment from China. In October 2001, the tax revenue sharing rule between central and local governments was unexpectedly reformed: the higher the local tax revenue in 2001, the higher the share that local governments would get post-2001. From a newly collected dataset, we find that before the reform the more favors, access to credit and tax deductions, governments granted to firms, the more assistances from firms can be mobilized by governments to raise the tax revenue in 2001. This result is consistent with a theory of reciprocal relationships between governments and firms. Furthermore, the reciprocation is not an institutional relationship but a repeated interaction between firms and local leaders. Exploring the variation in leadership turnover, we find that firms who had previously received government favors provided no assistance to leaders who would soon leave office. In addition, private firms are more likely to provide assistance in building up a relationship with new leaders for future reciprocity. Our findings not only suggest that governments and firms can form dynamic relationships to exchange favors intertemporally, but also shed light on the rise of crony capitalism. JEL classification: H26, H71, O10, P26.