Irradiation of cyclohexane solution in acetonitrile (λ = 300, 365, or 436 nm) in the presence of dioxygen and catalytic amounts of FeCl 3 , CuCl 3 , Na[AuCl 4 ] or H 2 [PtCl] 6 gives rise to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (after GLC). The quantum yields with respect to the products lie within the range of 0.01 to 0.05. The most efficient of the catalysts used is FeCl 3 , and the most efficient radiation wavelength is λ = 365 nm. A reaction pathway is suggested; it is assumed that the first step is photoexcitation of M-Cl followed by electron transfer from the ligand to the metal associated with the formation of the Cl . radical, which reacts (probably after solvation by the solvent) with RH giving R . . The Fe(II) species is oxidized by ROO . , and the photocatalytically active complex is restored. Complexes with metals in low oxidation states (particularly in the case of Cu, Au and Pt), however, can react with molecular oxygen to give peroxo or oxo complexes, which can directly hydroxylate alkanes.


Triphenylethylene anti-oestrogens. such as tamoxifen, are thought to reverse oestrogen stimulated events by a mechanism which involves their occupying the oestrogen receptor. However. there is evidence to suggest tamoxifen may have other effects such as inhibiting calmodulin-mediated events (Lam, 1984). We have investigated the effect of tamoxifen on thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) induction of rat prolactin (Prl) gene transcription in GH, cells and observe that i t inhibits it: it is possible that this effect is mediated by an oestrogen-receptor-independent mechanism. Transcriptional studies were carried out using a plasmid prPrl-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) (T. Lufkin & C. Bancroft, unpublished work) which contains 2 kb of rat prolactin gene immediate 5'-flanking sequence and the CAT construct from pRSV-CAT which can be expressed in eukaryotic cells (Gorman et a/., 1982). Transient transfection of prPrl-CAT into GH, cells (2 x 10' cells per 60mm dish) was carried out by placing the plasmid (10 pgt-DEAE dextran mixture on the cells for 1 h at 37°C. This solution was then aspirated, the cells exposed to 10% ( v i v ) glycerol for 1 min. washed with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) three times and then incubated with DMEM containing 12.5% horse serum and 2.5% (v/v) fetal calf serum at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 9% CO?, for 48 h. In some experiments the same medium/serum preparation which had been 'hormonedepleted' by ion-exchange resin and charcoal treatment was employed. TRH (27 n ~ ) , oestradiol (10 '-10 "'M) and/or tamoxifen (10 or 10 ' M ) were incorporated into the culture medium. To assess chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity the cells were harvested after 48 h and sonicated, and a cytosolic extract isolated by centrifugation. This was


Radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary-layer flow and heat transfer characteristic through a porous medium due to an exponentially stretching sheet have been studied. Formulation of the problem is based upon the variable thermal conductivity. The heat transfer analysis is carried out for both prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF) cases. The developed system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations is transformed to nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The series solutions for the transformed of the transformed flow and heat transfer problem were constructed by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The obtained results are analyzed under the influence of various physical parameters.


The aimed of this research were to determined the suitable of rootstock age for each cacao clone on the early grafting technique, to determined the best of cacao clone with great succesfull on early grafting technique and to obtain the best rootstock age for early grafting technique . The research was conducted during period of January to April 2015 at Laboratory of Forestry Sciences, Forestry Faculty, Tadulako University. This research was arranged based on completely randomized design with factorial treatments.  The treatments consists of two factors, the first was superior cocoa clones as the entries and the second was the various age of rootstock.  The output data was analyzed by Analysis of Varian and Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5%.  The result showed that the suitable of rootstock age for each clone on the early grafting of cacao plant was not presented.  Clone M01 had the best growth response in all observed variable.  The average growing speed were 10,44 days after grafting. The percentage of success grafting was 100%, the number of shoots were 6,22, the number of leaves were 11,33 leaves, and shoot diameter was 0,40 mm. The two weeks-rootstock reflected better responses in all observed variable, where the average growing speed was 10,40 days after grafting, the percentage of living graft was 100%, the number of shoot was 5,20, the number of leaves was 10,67 leaves and shoot diameter was 0,33 mm. Keywords : cocoa clones, rootstock age, entries, early grafting


For characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of cellulose in a cellulose-producing Acetobacter xylinum strain BPR2001, the activities of several enzymes were measured. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase catalyzing the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate was greatly increased by fructose in the medium. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity catalyzing the synthesis of UDP-glucose was very high in strain BPR2001, consistent with the idea that this is the key enzyme in cellulose biosynthesis. Strain BPR2001 was found to have a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS).


Thirty-four unilateral below-elbow amputees from the Shriners Hospitals for Children/Twin Cities were retrospectively analyzed in long-term follow-up. All of these patients were provided with a variety of prosthetic options, including a "passive" cosmetic upper extremity device. Most of the patients were also fitted with conventional prostheses using a body-powered voluntary closing terminal device (97%) as well as myoelectric prostheses (82%). These patients were considered consistent prosthetic users by the clinic team. The average follow-up was 14 years, with many of the patients being followed up throughout their entire childhood. All patients were sent questionnaires, and the authors carried out patient interviews and chart review. Final analysis indicated that 15 patients (44%) selected a simple cosmetic "passive hand" as their prosthesis of choice. In long-term follow-up 14 patients (41%) continued as multiple users. Fourteen patients (41%) selected the conventional prosthesis using a voluntary closing terminal device as the prosthesis of choice. Only five patients (15%) selected the myoelectric device as their primary prosthesis. The authors conclude that successful unilateral pediatric amputees may choose multiple prostheses on the basis of function and that frequently the most functional prosthesis selected in the long term is the simplest in design. The authors believe strongly that unilateral pediatric amputees should be offered a variety of prosthetic options to help with normal activities of daily living.


According to the existence problems of study on the mechanism of contact stiffness of bolted assembly structure formed by tightening sequence, a TK model of single bolt structure is established; then the frequency characteristics of combined surface under different TS was analyzed by using ANSYS; the optimal TS is obtained based on the frequency and the interface stiffness mapping. At last, a group of experiments was done to verify the above conclusions. The results show that the interface stiffness is verify under different TS, and so does the first rank natural frequency of the structure; the nonlinear response of the structure is significantly affected by TS that tighten at the same time is the optimal method compared with other TS. A small error of modal frequency between simulating and testing proves that the modeling method can effectively analyze impacts of the TS on the dynamic properties of the interface.


In this paper, focusing properties of a radially shifted zone plate was examined. This FZP can turn an incident plane wave into an annular beam at its focal plane. High efficiency and flexibility are the advantages of this method. By performing direct calculations, it is shown that a radially shifted zone plate produces annulus focus. All results are completely verified by experiments. Finally, it is clearly revealed that at a certain distance from the focal plane, an annular beam is transformed into a Bessel beam, and a focal line is formed.


The ore body with maxium height difference of 43.47m, length~450m and width~180m was exploded . Due to its complicated geological conditions , a chamber blasting with 2 layer-6 row stripped cartridge , total charging 350t and millisecond detonation between rows and inner rows was designed and adopted. The cartridge layout, blasting parameters, time difference in detonation and blasting effectiveness are introduced .


We have developed Cl/sub 2//Ar and IBr/sub 3//Ar chemically-assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE) processes, which allow high-quality etching of InP-based materials such as laser mirrors and gratings at low substrate temperatures (/spl ap/0/spl deg/C). Etch rates of 400-750 /spl Aring//min and excellent surface morphologies at substrate temperatures between -5/spl deg/C and +10/spl deg/C with both Cl/sub 2//Ar and IBr/sub 3//Ar process (400 V Ar ion beam) are achieved. These low temperatures have allowed us to utilize UV-baked photoresists as well as PMMA as etch masks, facilitating very simply process development. Higher substrate temperatures (+50/spl deg/C to +120/spl deg/C) yield still higher etch rates, but at the expense of severely degraded surface morphologies. An InGaAsP/InP (1.55 /spl mu/m) bulk laser with one facet etched the other cleaved is demonstrated, and compared with a both facets cleaved laser.


Recently, IPMSM is paying attention because of high power density and high efficiency due to permanent magnet. To control IPMSM, various kinds of inverter are used. This paper proposes the method to satisfy current limit of inverter which has 2 operating points. By changing control method of rated point, current limit of inverter can be satisfied at each operating point.


The paper deals with three outstanding figures from the history of Ukrainian culture of the 19th – early 20th centuries. This is Oleksiy Pavlovsky, the author of the first in history scientific grammar of the Ukrainian language (1818); Pylyp Morachevsky, the author of the first translation of the Gospel into Ukrainian (1859–1864); Fedir Vovk, the author of the first thorough ethnocultural monograph about the Ukrainian people in the European context (1918). Significant self-sacrificing work in the name of the future Ukrainian people and involvement in the Nizhyn Higher School unite their names. Their visions of Ukraine, understanding of the world context of Ukrainian culture determined their civic choice. The scientific and creative output of students and teachers of Nizhyn Higher School is changing the boundaries of philological regional studies. The significance of the Nizhyn ethnolinguistic scientific school in the context of the history of Ukrainian ethnolinguistics is revealed in the article.


Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) refers to "communication that takes place between human beings via [networked] computers" (Herring, 1996), which includes both synchronous modes (e.g., real-time chat and video-conferencing) and asynchronous modes (e.g., e-mails and bulletin boards). This new type of communication is now widely used in foreign language learning and teaching either in the form of telecollabration (class-to-class collaboration) or tandem learning (student-to-student collaboration). The studies on CMC-based language learning, on the whole, have been framed within the Interactionist theory; however, recently, prompted by the suggestion of the sociocognitive approach to the study of CMC (Kern & Warschauer, 2000; Chapelle, 2001), the frameworks used in researching CMC have been expanded to include Sociocultural theory. The sociocultural frameworks for CMC-based language learning, by and large, are based on the claims of scholars calling for sociocultural approaches to second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) learning (Block, 2003; Donato, 2000; Lantolf, 2000; Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; Ohta, 2001). According to a sociocultural perspective on L2/FL learning, social interaction is considered an integral process in language learning. This perspective is based on Vygotskyan sociocultural theory, which claims that human cognition is formed through social activity. In this view, learning an L2 or FL is understood as a semiotic process attributable to participation in social activities rather than internal mental processes solely by the individual (Block, 2003; Lantolf, 2000; Lantolf & Thorne, 2006). In other words, learners acquire a language by using that language in social interaction with speakers of that language. The sociocultural approach to L2/FL learning, thus, calls for broadening the context of social interaction from a classroom setting to intercultural communication (Kinginger, 2004; Thorne, 2006). Especially in foreign language classrooms, however, learners have limited social interaction with their teacher or peers in their target language since that language is not used as a means of communication among them outside or even inside classrooms. CMC meets the need for increasing opportunities for social interaction beyond classroom by networking foreign language learners in different locations. The application of global networks to foreign language education enables the internationally dispersed learners to engage in various social activities by using CMC tools such as emails, real-time chat, threaded discussion, and video conferencing. Another key notion crucial to the sociocultural approach to L2/FL learning is that the potential of cognitive development is limited to the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is defined as the zone of potential in which an individual can achieve more with assistance than s/he can do alone. This notion provides important implications for the quality of social interaction since learning is linked to development only in the ZPD. The ZPD is created primarily through expertnovice interaction, but peer interaction as well because different levels of expertise of the individuals involved in peer interaction can create various ZPDs amongst them (Donato, 2000; Ohta, 2001). Then, how can CMC create the ZPD? The global networks which utilize CMC in foreign language education enable two learners of different native languages to work together with


Voice discrimination is crucial to selectively listen to a particular talker in a crowded environment. In normal-hearing listeners, it strongly relies on the perception of two dimensions: the fundamental frequency and the vocal-tract length. Yet, very little is known about the perception of the latter in cochlear implants. The present study reports discrimination thresholds for vocal-tract length in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear-implant users. The behavioral results were then used to determine the effective spectral resolution in a model of electric hearing: effective resolution in the implant was found to be poorer than previously suggested by psychophysical measurements. Such a model could be used for clinical purposes, or to facilitate the development of new strategies.


MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS AND CLINICAL COURSE Histopathologic examination demonstrated a dermal lesion involving the upper and mid dermis. The lesion comprises large epithelioid histiocytes with varying numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils. The histiocytes have abundant, densely eosinophilic cytoplasm and mostly mild, if any, nuclear atypia. Multinucleated forms with randomly oriented nuclei are also present. The histiocytes have low mitotic activity and low proliferative fraction (Ki-67). The cells are positive for CD68 and CD163 but negative for S100, Melan-A, SOX10, CD1a, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD30, CD20, CD3, CD138, and CD21. Based on the histological findings, the diagnosis of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) was rendered. Extensive workup was then performed to rule out the possibility of internal malignancy. Colonoscopy and upper endoscopy were normal. A chest computed tomography scan was unremarkable. A whole-body positron emission tomography scan showed no evidence of internal organ involvement by the disease. The patient was then started on a combination of methotrexate and etanercept after reviewing the literature because it is a very rare disease,1 but the treatment was discontinued by a dermatologist in his country of origin, who started him on mycophenolate mofetil instead with prednisolone 20 mg weekly. All medications were halted eventually after the patient developed non-STelevation myocardial infarction, for which he underwent coronary angiography. After that, the patient was started on etanercept with tapering of the prednisolone dose. The skin lesions showed improvement with some regression. Etanercept treatment was continued, and the patient is now on regular follow-up.


of the duke in the court society very clear. This paper aims to compare the description given by Brantôme of François de Guise's clothing on a day of June 1561 and the accounting archives of the ducal household in order to put into perspective the sartorial choices of the duke on a political occasion. Thanks to accounting sources, the paper also highlights what Brantôme's description could not: The role that the different players took in building François de Guise's appearances.


Objective:To investigate the renoprotective effect and safety of oral calcitriol on predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods:200 CKD stage 3 and 4 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)were randomized to oral calcitriol(n=100)or control(n=100)and followed for up to 12 months.The control groups was given conventional therapy including high-quality low-protein diet,compound α-keto acid,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)and(or)angiotensinⅡreceptor blocker(ARB),and(or)calcium channel antagonists,anti-platelet aggregation,and so on.The treatment groups accepted calcitriol(0.5 μg/d,for one year)on the basis of conventional therapy.The blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine,serum uric acid,serum parathyroid hormone,serum calcium,serum phosphorus and serum albumin and 24 hour urinary protein were detected respectively before and after 3,6,9,and 12 months of therapy,and the side effects were observed during the course of study.Results:Serum creatinine,BUN,serum uric acid and 24 h urinary protein decreased obviously,and estimated glomerular filtrationrate(eGFR)and serum albumin increased significantly in both control and treatment groups after 3 months of therapy(P0.05).The renal function further improved(P0.05),and urine protein further reduced in treatment group(P0.05),while the renal function and urinary protein did not change significantly in control group after 12 months of therapy.Serum parathyroid hormone level increased evidently in control groups while decreased significantly in treatment group(P0.05).Serum calcium decreased,and serum phosphorus increased in the control group(P0.05).On the contrary,serum calcium increased,while serum phosphorus decreased in treatment groups(P0.05).Although there was increasing in serum calcium,no evident side effects such as hypercalcemia were observed in treatment group.Conclusion:The calcitriol can improve the renal function,decrease 24 h urinary protein,and suppress parathyroid hormone secretion significantly in predialysis patients with CKD.Therefore,we believe that calcitriol has evident renoprotective effects,and no obvious side effects such as hypercalcemia.


PURPOSE: An emergency power supply device and a distribution panel thereof are provided to stably operate a distribution panel by supplying emergency power to various electric components inside the distribution panel. CONSTITUTION: A module storing member(100) comprises an emergency power supply module box(120), a module box mount rack, and a rack case(105). The emergency power supply module box is slidably combined with the module box mount rack. The module box mount rack is slidably combined with the rack case. An emergency power supply module is laminated inside the emergency power supply module box. The emergency power supply module comprises a power source conversion module, a charging module, and a control module. A display part(300) indicates the abnormal state and present state of a distribution panel.


Abstract The influence of the parameters of an additional tempering at 600°C on temper embrittlement in quenched and previously double tempered 5 wt-%Cr tool steel having a post-martensitic microstructure was investigated. A detailed examination of associated changes of fracture mechanism, microstructure, and precipitate was carried out. The dominant factor controlling the evolution of brittleness was the segregation of phosphorus to prior grain and lath boundaries as well as to martensite lath/carbide interfaces. The segregation effect of phosphorus at these interfaces was accompanied by cosegregation of sulphur and silicon together with simultaneous carbide precipitation.MST/1132


Materials exhibiting electronic phase transitions have attracted widespread attention. By switching between metallic and insulating states under external stimuli, the accompanying changes in the electrical and optical properties can be harnessed in novel electronic and optical applications. In this work, a laterally confined conductive pattern is inscribed into an otherwise insulating VO2 thin film using ultraviolet light, inducing an almost four orders of magnitude decrease in electrical resistivity of the exposed area. The metallic imprint remains in VO2 after ultraviolet light exposure and can be completely erased by a short low temperature anneal. The ability to optically pattern confined metallic structures provides new opportunities for reconfigurable photonic and plasmonic structures, as well as re‐writable electric circuitry.


Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a rare but well- described type of chronic inflammation. It was in the genitourinary tract where it was first reported. Any organ can be involved but the most common sites are kidney followed by the gallbladder.Histologically, it can be characterized by a collection of lipids- laden macrophages along with inflammatory infiltrate, with or without cholesterol clefts.XGI is extremely uncommon in the appendix. Due to its atypical presentation, it is usually detected post- operatively. Sami Akbulut et al. published a comprehensive study in January 2021 and reported only 38 patients worldwide. Here, we present a case of a 20 – year old female who came to the OPD with typical signs of Acute Appendicitis diagnosed histopathologically as Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis


Several studies have found supplemental venous drainage channels in addition to bilateral internal jugular veins for cerebral venous efflux. We performed this study to characterize the supplemental venous outflow patterns in a consecutive series of patients undergoing detailed cerebral angiography with venous phase imaging.


The present invention discloses a method for forming the forging temperature control based on a difference, comprising: forging into a furnace heated to the entire 600-800 deg.] C, incubated for 2-3 hours, remove the forging furnace, placed in the forging die impression within, and coated cotton insulation locally low temperature, the whole is heated to forging temperature is increased recycled removed for forging when the 1000-1020 ℃; cotton insulation case portion slightly lower temperature of the coating than other parts of 50-100 deg.] C the forging molding apparatus into an oven heated to 200-250 deg.] C, the heating rod is inserted into the hole in the heated mold insert on the forging molding apparatus heated to 350-400 deg.] C localized, and removed forging molding member means for forging, forging using a forging the forging molding apparatus. The present method of forming forgings high filling rate, high mold life, forging a fine grain size can be largely reduced forging forming force, to improve the hot forging mold life.


Traveling interplanetary (IP) shocks were discovered in the early 1960s, but their solar origin has been controversial. Early research focused on solar flares as the source of the shocks, but when coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were discovered, it became clear that fast CMEs clearly can drive the shocks. Type II radio bursts are excellent signatures of shocks near the Sun. The close correspondence between type II radio bursts and solar energetic particles (SEPs) makes it clear that the same shock accelerates ions and electrons. A recent investigation involving a large number of IP shocks revealed that about 35% of IP shocks do not produce type II bursts or SEPs. Comparing these radio quiet (RQ) shocks with the radio loud (RL) ones revealed some interesting results: (1) there is no evidence for blast waves, in that all IP shocks can be attributed to CMEs, (2) a small fraction (20%) of RQ shocks is associated with ion enhancements at the shocks when they move past the observing spacecraft, (3) the primary difference between the RQ and RL shocks can be traced to the different kinematic properties of the associated CMEs and the variation of the characteristic speeds of the ambient medium, and (4) the shock properties measured at 1 AU are not too different for the RQ and RL cases due to the interaction of the shock driver with the IP medium that seems to erase the difference.


This is the first report of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) as a biological control agent of the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in watermelon crop in Vale do Acu, RN. It was observed that near the harvest, almost all collected aphids were mummified, and after analyzing the emerged parasitoids, the parasitoid L. testaceipes was identified. Therefore, in the future, this species may be included in A. gossypii integrated management programs.


Female urethral stricture (FUS) is a distressing disease in the field of urology both for the patient and for the health care provider. It has been treated using various techniques such as urethral dilatation (UD), urethrotomy and urethroplasty. The disease's recurrence after urethral dilation, however, is not uncommon. Female urethroplasty carries the risk of stress urinary incontinence, and long-term studies on its success are lacking. We present our study of treating FUS by repeated UD in a dedicated cystoscopy and dilation clinic managed by nurses. After the initial cystoscopy and dilation of FUS to 30 Fr, patients were followed up with in the dilation clinic at regular intervals. Over the past 5 years, 190 patients have been treated at our cystoscopy and dilation clinic and at are various stages of follow up. We find that the primary treatment of FUS by nurses at our institute leads to improved outcomes. Nurse-led cystoscopies have been in vogue in Australia and the UK for some time now. There is an urgent need to expand the conventional indications of nurse-led surgical interventions in order to allow medical care to reach the community at large.


Manuel Sacristan Luzon (1925-1985) was a logician, epistemologist and unorthodox philosopher -PSUC-PCE militant during many years- who had an essential role in the reintroduction of the Marxist-communist tradition in our country at the end of the fifties. He proposed, during the last years of his life, a strong revision of the communist ideology after May 68 and the annihilation of the Prague Spring. He also concentrated on the irruption of environmentalism. His proposals for a politics of science oriented in a socialist way, and close to the technoscientific tradition which is not blind but which is critical of the new romantic conceptions inspired in the work of Heidegger –about whose gnoseology he wrote his doctoral thesis- are still proof of the lucidity and penetration of his thought. He always fought for an (emancipatory) passion that is anchored in reason and in scientific information, in the commitment towards the most disadvantaged groups in the Earth, and in the practice of a creative and humanist philosophy.


Purpose – This research proposes a framework to guide the development and analysis of digital interventions, namely through mobile applications, regarding labor and birth. By complying with current scientific evidence, it aims to contribute to the safeness and completeness of perinatal health education targeting expectant parents. Design/Methodology/Approach – A content analysis was conducted on a document containing WHO guidelines for intra-partum, considering the following categories: Timeframe, Care options, Category of recommendation, in order to create a dataset clearly distinguishing between Recommendations and NonRecommendations. Context-specific and Research-context recommendations, details from dosages, measurements and timings, infant care and non-immediate postpartum topics were considered out of the scope of this study. Findings – The results were summarized in a table, ready to be used as a dataset, including the following sixteen Care options ranging from health, well-being and/or rights: Respect, Communication, Companionship, Pregnant person's monitoring, Status, Fetal monitoring, Pain relief, Pain management, Amenities, Labor delay prevention, Progress, Freedom of choice, Facilitation of birth, Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, Umbilical cord care, and Recovery. These were distributed across six timeframes: Always, Admission, First, Second and Third stage of labor, and Immediate Postpartum. In addition, Recommendations and Non-Recommendations are displayed in different columns. Originality – This transdisciplinary research intends to contribute to: future research on perinatal education; the creation of digital interventions, namely m-health ones, targeting expectant parents by providing a framework of content coverage; the endorsement of the rights to Information and to decision-making. Ultimately, when put into practice, the framework can impact self-care through access to Perinatal education.


Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in young urban children in Auckland, New Zealand, where there is no routine vitamin D supplementation. Design A random sample of urban children. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <27·5 nmol/l (<11 ng/ml). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and, from these, relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated. Setting Auckland, New Zealand (36°52′S), where the daily vitamin D production by solar irradiation varies between summer and winter at least 10-fold. Subjects Children aged 6 to 23 months enrolled from 1999 to 2002. Results Vitamin D deficiency was present in forty-six of 353 (10 %; 95 % CI 7, 13 %). In a multivariate model there was an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency associated with measurement in winter or spring (RR = 7·24, 95 % CI 1·55, 23·58), Pacific ethnicity (RR = 7·60, 95 % CI 1·80, 20·11), not receiving any infant or follow-on formula (RR = 5·69, 95 % CI 2·66, 10·16), not currently receiving vitamin supplements (RR = 5·32, 95 % CI 2·04, 11·85) and living in a more crowded household (RR = 2·36, 95 % CI 1·04, 4·88). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in early childhood in New Zealand. Prevalence varies with season and ethnicity. Dietary factors are important determinants of vitamin D status in this age group. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered as part of New Zealand's child health policy.


Forecasting the effects of global change on biodiversity is necessary to anticipate the threats operating at different scales in space and time. Climate change may create unsuitable environmental conditions, forcing species to move to persist. However, land-use changes create barriers that limit the access of some species to future available habitats. Here, we project the impacts of climate and land-use change on 228 Neotropical bat species by forecasting changes in environmental suitability, while accounting for the effect of habitat type specialization and simulating dispersal across suitable patches. We also identify the most vulnerable ecoregions and those that may offer future stable refugia. We further investigate potential functional changes by analysing the response of different trophic guilds. We found that the range contraction of habitat specialists, especially frugivores, was more frequent and stronger under all simulated scenarios. Projected changes differ markedly across ecoregions. While the Amazon region is likely to undergo high turnover rates in bat composition, the Andean grassland, Cerrado and Chaco might experience the greatest losses. The expansion of habitat generalists, which forage in open areas and commonly establish large colonies in manmade structures, coupled with the range contraction of habitat specialists is projected to homogenize bat communities across the Neotropics. Overall, dispersal will likely be the key for the future of Neotropical bat diversity. Therefore, safeguarding the refugia highlighted here, by expanding and connecting the existing network of protected areas, for example, may allow species to move in response to global change.


This study investigates the perception of Korean residents of Daerim 2-dong and Jayang 4-dong, two representative Chinese populated areas in Seoul. The results of this study are as follows. First, Korean respondents' evaluations of Chinese populated areas are generally negative, but they vary to some extent, depending on the characteristics of the Chinese residing in the area. Second, the lower the local income and the more retarded the community development are, the more negative the satisfaction and image of the area appear. Third, the Korean female respondents are more sensitive to safety-related images. Fourth, as the age of respondents increases, the satisfaction of the respondents decreases and their negative perception of Chinese people increases. Fifth, it is shown that various satisfaction factors of the neighborhood influence the overall satisfaction and image of the area, and the perception of the Chinese also affects the local satisfaction and image. Sixth, despite overall dissatisfaction of Chinese economic contribution, the contributions of the Chinese to the local economy are positively recognized in Jayang-dong. Overall, it is confirmed that the economic contribution has a positive influence on the perception of the Chinese people and the local satisfaction.


This study is based on a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. The qualitative aspect is supported by an etnographical study (Pérez Serrano, 2002) while the quantitative aspect is based on a group evolution longitudinal, non-experimental design (Hernández Sampieri et al, 2003). The individuals who participated in this research were Spanish Language course students at the InstitutoUniversitarioPedagógicoMonseñor Rafael Arias Blanco of Caracas. A participative observation of the classrom' s on-going activities was carried out in close contact with the students. All significant data, that is all that was observed, was registered and later interpreted in order to introduce the strategies envisaged to improve the writing of an oral text starting from formal orality. To do this, a diary was used to log the students anxieties, expectations, limitations and progress. Furthermore, in order to assess textuality rules following the De Beaugrande and Dressler (1997) studies, a control list was derived from the students written assignments made at the beginning and end of each course to assess cohesion, coherence, causality, intentionality and informativity. The results show that the simulation of formal orality strategy significantly improves handwriting abilities in student with writing difficulties.


Optical fiber sensing technology has attracted considerable attention because of its high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference and distributed measurement. It has been widely used in health monitoring of large-scale structures. Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering as sensing methods have shown reliable means for distributed sensing. However, in the sensing systems of Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering, sensing dynamic and spatial resolution are limited by the system signal to noise ratio (SNR), which is limited by the low intrinsic backscattering coefficient of the fiber. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays have been employed as attractive sensing methods for various measurands such as temperature, strain and vibration, because of the high SNR and huge multiplexing capacity of the systems. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and Time-division multiplexing (TMD) are two major multiplexing techniques for the expansion of the sensor network capacity. For the WDM method, the maximum number of FBGs is restricted by the ratio of the source spectral width over the dynamic wavelength range of an individual FBG sensor. The TDM method utilizes different time delays between reflected pulses to distinguish sensors even with an identical wavelength and to relieve the spectral bandwidth issue. However, the multiplexing capacity is seriously limited by signal crosstalk and shadow effect among the FBG arrays.


The pandemic continues to be a long-drawn battle with the emergence of new variants of concern of SARS CoV-2 virus and continued challenges of COVID-19 vaccination such as coverage, longevity of protection and real-world vaccine effectiveness against transmission prevention. It is therefore, imperative for every organisation that, it looks beyond the visible impact of pandemic, transform into a COVID-resilient institution and prepare for future threats. We applied systems-thinking approach and used iceberg conceptual model as a tool to evaluate the determinants of pandemic impact on an organisation and to develop a long-term public health strategy. This strategy is a robust four-pronged plan comprising of stringent preventive-cum-mitigation mechanisms in place, efficient health-care facilities, improved habitability and long-term adaptation to new working-norms. The model can be replicated in any organisation which has self-sustainable in-house facilities for accommodation and health care. This strategy comprises of feasible and scientific interventions which can be used to flatten the impact of future outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics of emerging/ re-emerging communicable diseases on functioning of an organisation. The four-pronged strategic interventions plan would serve as a readily available blueprint and better equip the organisations to fight future public health emergencies in an effective manner.


Emotional intelligence concept has been examined by researchers in the field of education as well as field of sports. When emotional intelligence theory examined, it comes to mind that emotional intelligence can be related to moral behaviors in sport. In this regard, the question of "Can emotional intelligence predict sportspersonship orientation?" comes to mind. Consistent with this question, we examined the relationship between sportspersonship orientation and emotional intelligence level of students participating in university volleyball second division competitions. 79 female and male volleyball players participated in this study. The age mean of participants was found to be 20.29±1.87. 46.8% of participants was female (n=37), 53.2% was male (n=42). %79.7 of participants have reported that they are satisfied with their department (n=63). % 8.9 have reported they are not satisfied with their department while %11.4 have reported that they are partially satisfied with their department. %46 of participant have reported that sporting activities are enough (n=37). %21.5 of them have reported that sporting activities are not enough (n=17) while %31.6 have reported that they are partially enough (n=25). Significant difference was found between genders in terms of emotional appraisal (p<0.01), emphatic sensitivity (p<0.01), positive utilization (p<0.05), respect for social conventions (p<0.05), respect for rules and officials (p<0.05), respect for one's full commitment toward sport participation (p<0.05). Female volleyball players have reported higher scores than males in terms of all variables. It has been found that emotional intelligence predicts sportspersonship orientation of students participating in university volleyball second division competitions.


Objective. The objective of this research was to reveal bacterial endophytes isolated from some medicinal plants, which have biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Methods. The bacterial endophytes were isolated from shoots and roots of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), medicinal calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), pale yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus L.), horseradish (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.). The endophytes were isolated after grinding of the surface sterilized roots or shoots, dilution of the cell juice in phosphate buffered saline and spreading the suspension on Tryptic Soy Agar. The grown colonies were picked up in 4 days. The endophytes were checked for in vitro antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum on Petri dishes using Chapek medium. The endophytes were examined for the ability to inhibit the same phytopathogenic fungi in pot experiment. The soil was infected with fungi and the seeds of cotton and cucumber were inoculated chlororaphis BST10, Agrobacterium vitis KRN2, and Pseudomonas jessenii BRT3. It was revealed that all strains having biocontrol properties could produce at least one of the tested substances (HCN, siderophores, chitinase, protease and lipase), which are considered as antifungal and by means of which the biological control can be realized. Conclusions. The strains possessing high biocontrol activity towards phytopathogenic fungi can be proposed for usage as a part of biofungicides after field experiments.


1 Two directly‐acting stimulants of soluble guanylate cyclase, glyceryl trinitrate (0.1 μm) and sodium azide (10 μm), and a receptor‐mediated stimulant of particulate guanylate cyclase, atriopeptin II (10 nm), each elevated the cyclic GMP content of primary cultures of pig aortic endothelial cells without affecting the cyclic AMP content. 2 Two receptor‐mediated stimulants of adenylate cyclase, glucagon (1 μm) and isoprenaline (10 μm), had no effect on the cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP content of these cells, but the directly acting stimulant, forskolin (30 μm), induced a small increase in cyclic AMP content. 3 Three agents that release endothelium‐derived relaxing factor (EDRF); bradykinin (0.1 μm), ATP (10 μm) and ionophore A23187 (0.1 μm), each markedly elevated the cyclic GMP content of pig aortic endothelial cells, but acetylcholine (1 μm) had no effect. None of these agents had any effect on cyclic AMP content. 4 Two agents that potentiate the actions of EDRF; M & B 22948 (100 μm) and superoxide dismutase (30 units ml−1), each elevated the cyclic GMP content of pig aortic endothelial cells without affecting the cyclic AMP content. Pretreating cells with catalase (100 units ml−1) did not affect the rise in cyclic GMP content induced by superoxide dismutase (30 units ml−1). 5 Pretreatment of pig aortic endothelial cells with haemoglobin (10 μm) reduced the resting content of cyclic GMP and blocked the increase in cyclic GMP content induced by glyceryl trinitrate (0.1 μm), sodium azide (10 μm), bradykinin (0.1 μm) ATP (10 μm), ionophore A23187 (0.1 μm), M & B 22948 (100 μm) and superoxide dismutase (30 units ml−1), but not that induced by atriopeptin II (10 nm). 6 Pretreatment of pig aortic endothelial cells with an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, methylene blue (20 μm), had no effect on the resting content of cyclic GMP. Methylene blue (20 μm) blocked the increase in cyclic GMP content induced by glyceryl trinitrate (0.1 μm), M & B 22948 (100 μm) and bradykinin (0.1 μm), but not that induced by atriopeptin II (10 nm). 7 The data show that soluble guanylate cyclase, particulate guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase are present in pig aortic endothelial cells. They further suggest that EDRF, produced spontaneously or in response to vasoactive agents, elevates endothelial cyclic GMP content by stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase. It is possible that this may serve as a feedback loop by which the endothelial cell modulates EDRF production.


Recently Kerr and Pan have proposed development of integrated image separating mixer circuits. To realize the 50 and 100 ohm terminations required by these circuits, a 4.2 K thin film resistor technology is required. It is also desirable to implement each resistor with one or two "squares" of material so that they are electrically short. Existing commonly used Ti-Au based resistor technologies are limited to values well below 50 /spl Omega///spl square/. We are investigating a new Nb-oxide technology where the resistivity is controlled by varying the oxygen content of the sputtered films. Initial experiments using a DC magnetron gun with a Nb target proved difficult to control due to the changing deposition rate and electrical characteristics of the gun with target erosion. Greatly improved control was obtained with the use of a RF diode sputter arrangement and a 5" diameter target. As target voltage is decreased or oxygen partial pressure is increased, the deposited films become less metallic and more resistive. Films with ohms//spl square/ values ranging from five to 1,000 have been obtained with this technique while a partial pressure of oxygen on the order of 10/sup -3/ Pa is needed for 50 /spl Omega///spl square/ material. A valuable attribute of these resistive films is that the measured room and liquid He temperature resistivities are the same.


In this paper, we study the problem of employing virtual private network (VPN) over wavelength division multiplexing networks to facilitate the guarantee of diverse quality of service requirements of different VPNs. A wavelength routed backbone network is considered. A VPN is specified by the desired logical topology and an a priori traffic matrix.


Poverty was a problem that faced by many developing countries, especially Indonesia. One way to resolve the issue of poverty through social assistance provided by the government. Besides that, knowing the factors affecting poverty in the region was also important to determine the strategic plan to reduce poverty in Indonesia. Data mining approach was used to determine the classification model. The classification method using Naïve Bayes algorithm while the process of determining the parameters using Chi-square and Crammer's V correlation. The result of this experiment show that the parameter that has the most relation between the level of poverty was the number of household members (vART), and the smallest correlation was the fuel for cooking (vFUEL). Furthermore, the results of accuracy from Naïve Bayes have been obtained about 61.47% or better 0.54% when compared to the number of initial parameters. It means that the data give an explanation about 61.47% of the poverty level.


The current study discusses the metafunctional diversity of nominalized thematic structures in Achebe's (1958) English novel, Things Fall Apart and in its Urdu translation, Bikharti Duniya (Ullah, 1991). For statistical measurement, O'Donnell's (2008) scheme of the UAM Corpus tool has been used to annotate the selected corpus. After annotation, some nominalized themes in English and Urdu have been screened to interpret their grammatical realization, functional significance, thematic progression (McCabe, 1999) and unmotivated displacements of nominalized themes. The results show that the grammatical realization of nominalized themes in English and Urdu varies due to the verbs marked with gender and numbers. Additionally, the English and the Urdu nominalized themes go parallel in theme markedness but the difference is observed when the thematic information units become rhematic information units.


With the development of the shared economy, shared cars have sprung up like bamboo shoots after the rain, providing great convenience for people to travel. How to choose a car park to optimize the use of resources is one of the problems that the managers of all companies pay attention to. This paper through the rolling forecast way to predict the future three years of Chongqing city share total car demand, and then estimate the Chongqing city parking lot demand; then, from the point of view of considering the location factors, to users, operators and government satisfaction as the objective function, the establishment of shop location model; finally, using genetic algorithm to solve the model and in a certain the weight, select the optimal solution. The research results show that the model can provide a more scientific decision-making method for the location of car park in Chongqing.


Extrinsic calibration of imaging systems containing multi-sensors have enabled unprecedented capabilities in data fusion in the fields of computer vision and robotics throughout the past few decades. In this paper, we propose a simple mutual rotation-and-translation estimation method for a multi-sensor system containing six omnidirectional RGB cameras and a common 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor using a planar chessboard pattern. We mount the sensors on a specially designed hexagonal plate, while considering each camera-LIDAR combination as an independent multi-sensor unit. For each unit, we simultaneously capture chessboard images and their three-dimensional (3D) point data at a few different orientations. Two-dimensional (2D) chess corners are reprojected into 3D space for plane fitting. RANSAC algorithm is applied on LIDAR points before they are used for plane fitting. The mutual rotation between the camera and LIDAR is calculated by aligning the normal vectors of plane fitting results. An arbitrary point from the camera plane is projected on to the LIDAR plane and the distance is minimized to estimate the mutual translation. The accuracy of this proposed method is evaluated through scene fusion experiments.


The paper introduces the general development situation of domestic and overseas metal enclosed switchgear,analyzes and discusses the recent improvement of switchgear technology,and specially mentions the characters and devel-opment relationship of different kinds of switchgears.


In this paper, a framework based on residual neural network with different classifiers is proposed for speech emotion recognition. We firstly train residual neural network to extract robust features, then replace origin fully connection layer with classifiers including SVM, GMM and KNN to observe their performance. The corpus applied in this work is EMODB. Finally we find ResNet with SVM outperforms other proposed architectures with an average accuracy of 0.900. or Math in Paper Title or Abstract.


This note is to call attention to the applicability of the logarithmic normal distribution [1] in queuing problems where the customary negative exponential gives a poor fit to measured servicing times. A recent example from the literature is the study made by Brigham [2] of the congestion at tool cribs in an aircraft factory. Table I shows data taken from Figs 1 and 2 of his paper together with the lognormally and exponentially fitted values. The exponential fits were obtained from Brigham's paper while the lognormal points were determined from the best straight line fitted to the data plotted on logarithmic probability paper. When a good fit is obtained over the entire range, this crude procedure yields better than 1 per cent accuracy. For a more accurate method based on iterative procedures the reader is referred to Aitchison and Brown's book on the subject [3].


Recent developments in South Africa opened the doors of opportunity for Old Testament scholars to position themselves in terms of Africa and to allow the African context to play a more explicit role in the interpretation of the Bible. An awareness of the significance of the (South) African context for the interpretation of the Old Testament in South Africa can inform the construction and refinement of the comparative paradigm as a reading strategy. In consequence, it might not only serve the communication of the message, but also facilitate a dialogue between the text and the contemporary reader and imbue the comparative method as a reading strategy. Being aware of the significance of music and its function regarding expression of African religion and spirituality, the article explores aspects of music and its potential to inform a particular 'reading', with specific reference to the drum. (Whilst the focus in Part 1 is more on some hermeneutical aspects as pertaining to a specific reading strategy, Part 2 is to explore the significance of music for the interpretation of the Old Testament with specific reference to Psalm 150). Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The contribution attempts to illustrate that, in our encounters with the biblical text, we need to move beyond a historical descriptiveanalysis of the text or defining its significance in linguistic terms only. In so doing, the 'comparative paradigm' is augmented by allowing insights from various disciplines to inform the reader. Keywords: Music; 'Hemeneutics'; 'African Reading' of the Old Testament


Relapse and metastasis are major clinical problems facing patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a devastating pediatric malignancy of the muscle. Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is characterized by genetic translocations while Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is characterized by Ras pathway activation. Treatment for either RMS subtype requires surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation with overall poor prognosis for patients with high-risk features including metastasis and relapse. Thus, there is great interest in elucidating key molecular pathways and genetic factors that are involved in continued RMS growth and tumor maintenance. In the Langenau lab, we utilize a powerful transgenic zebrafish model of kRASG12D- induced ERMS and have recently developed a p53-/- (null) zebrafish model. p53 is one of the most common tumor suppressor genes, and upwards of 1/3 of RMS patients have mutations or Loss-of-Heterozygosity (LOH) of this locus. This model accurately mimics the molecular underpinnings and histopathology of human ERMS and has been used to discover molecular pathways that drive relapse. Using our tp53-/- (null) zebrafish along with large-scale cell transplantation assays, we have assessed metastatic potential of our ERMS tumors following serial passaging and acquisition of new driver mutations. Specifically, we performed a tumor evolution screen using serial engraftment of ERMS into recipient fish followed by RNA sequencing to discover novel pathways that are associated with elevated tumor growth and metastasis. Plexin A1 was one of our top hits in this screen, being expressed at >8 fold in metastatic lesions of the zebrafish and expressed in >80% of human RMS. Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted and GPI-anchored semaphorins. Knockdown of PLXNA1 decreased human ERMS cell proliferation, increased differentiation and impaired anchorage-independent growth and migration. Collectively, our data supports the hypothesis that PLXNA1 is an important moderator of tumor growth in a large fraction of human RMS and likely regulates local invasion and metastasis. This work will provide much needed data for discovery of novel therapeutically-actionable pathways for relapsed ERMS and likely inform future treatment for high-risk patients. Citation Format: Alessandra M. Welker, Madeline N. Hayes, Qin Tang, David M. Langenau. A tumor evolution screen in zebrafish identifies PlexinA1 as a driver of metastasis and growth in human rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4127.


The Roman Comagmatic Province (RCP) developed along the NW‐SE striking extensional Tyrrhenian margin of Italy since middle Pleistocene and includes ultrapotassic small eruptive centers and large volcanic districts. By means of a review and statistical analysis of a large data set of radiometric ages we demonstrate that in the RCP, major eruptive cycles occurred at different volcanic districts almost simultaneously and with an almost constant recurrence time. Our analysis started with the Alban Hills Volcanic District, where a detailed 40Ar/39Ar chronology of the eruptive cycles has been recently achieved, and then extended to include a database of 264 radiometric ages of the RCP volcanics published since 1980. Statistical treatment of the data set shows a marked non‐Poissonian behavior of volcanic activity through the whole magmatic province, with climax of each major eruptive cycle occurring simultaneously at the different districts approximately every 48 kyr. The concomitant eruption of many volcanic districts spreading over a 250‐km‐long chain implies a control mechanism acting at a regional scale. After discussing the possible relationship between tectonics, sea level changes, and volcanic activity we hypothesize that constant rates of slab retreat during middle Pleistocene could have been a key factor controlling the rate of magma upwelling and the major cycles of recharge of the magma chambers. As a working hypothesis, we propose that the duration of the cycles may be related to (1) progressive weakening of the crust due to magma underplating or (2) cyclic injection of convective plumes into the mantle wedge.


Electroencephalogram(EEG) would be the most objective psychophysiological research technique on human errors though few research has been taken yet. This study aimed to get characteristics of human error while committing simple Odd-Ball tasks by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data. Each experiment was composed of 3 tasks with different rules, and 8 young undergraduate students participated in this study as paid subjects. The result showed in the affirmative that subject and the interaction of subject and task factors were statistically significant on variation of band power and band power , and that the former increasing in backward direction to Pz reflects compatibility whereas the latter increasing in forward direction to Fz reflects familiarity. Therefore it was coucluded that, since task 2 carried out in the present research requiring decoding process would be more difficult to human beings than the task merely requiring psychological recall process, task 1 and task 3 were classified into a homogenious group excluding task 2, and the ratio band power to band power indicated enormous increase of band power relative to band power in the cases of contra-lateral errors, especially in task 2.


This essay argues that the speed inherent in late modern conceptions of time derail and deform persons' journeys to becoming human. These visions alienate people from God and themselves, while also creating "wasted" persons unable to meet human status. The latter applies particularly to those labelled intellectually disabled, who embody the very antithesis of the characteristics needed for personhood in high-speed society. A more authentic and truthful anthropology lies in French Roman Catholic personalism and its appropriation of Catholic social teaching. These visions of the human person, as persons created by God for communion with him, serve as a font for the thought and praxis of Jean Vanier and the communities of L'Arche. As potential centers of alternative communities, persons with cognitive impairments live slowed enough to become friends with God and one another. In this way, communities like L'Arche participate in the church's mission to redeem all creation.


Distinguishing sequences are used in model based mutation testing in order to distinguish the specification from its mutants that usually represent critical implementation faults. In this paper, we consider distinguishing sequences for Input/Output automata when a sequence of inputs can be applied before getting any response or a sequence of output responses from an implementation under test. We propose a technique for deriving an $r-$ distinguishing trace, i.e. a distinguishing trace with respect to the trace inclusion (quasi-reduction) relation, and obtain the least and upper bounds on the length of a shortest $r-$ distinguishing trace showing that the exponential upper bound with respect to the number of states of the specification automaton is reachable; the results are then adapted for a proper case of Input/Output automata when each input is followed by an output, i.e., for Finite State Machines.


Stocks are proof of company ownership, which is attractive for investment. Often people become doubtful about investing in stocks, which are considered gambling. This study tries to find answers from the perspective of financial science about investment criteria, speculation and gambling. The method used in this study goes through stages starting with understanding stocks and the mechanism of stock trading to the decision of investors in buying or selling shares. The results obtained show that from a theoretical perspective, investment is different from speculation and gambling. Investing in stocks is not gambling, but it can be speculation or investment, depending on the attitudes and expectations of the investors themselves. When investors are risk takers and only expect capital gains without considering financial performance, this is speculation known as liquidity traders. When investors expect dividends by considering the condition of the company and other aspects, this is an investment known as an information trader. The implication of this study is that an investor must be rational in the sense of calculating risk that is proportional to the expected results.


Two new algorithms of conventional automatic generation control (AGC) models of in-the-plants and between-the-plants are presented in this paper, among which, the in-the-plant AGC algorithm is used to determine the principles of unit turning-on and turning-off, and the between-the plants AGC algorithm is used to feasibly simplify the calculation of the downstream water level of the power station. The models and algorithms are used in the Qingjiang Cascade Hydropower Station emulation calculation, and satisfactory results are achieved.


An important puzzle in financial economics is why fund managers invest in short-maturity assets when they could obtain larger profits in assets with longer maturity. This work provides an explanation to this fact based on labor contracts signed between institutional investors and fund managers. Using a career concern setup, we examine how the optimal contract design, in the presence of both explicit and implicit incentives, affects the fund managers decisions on investment horizons. A numerical analysis characterizes situations in which young (old) managers prefer short-maturity (long-maturity) positions. However, when including multitask analysis, we find that career concerned managers are bolder and also prefer assets with long maturity.


Since its designation in 1996, the National Reference Laboratory for the Epidemiology of Zoonoses isresponsible to prepare a yearly German Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonotic Agents accordingto the Council Directive on Zoonoses (former 92/117/EEC, now 2003/99/EG). Germany has toprepare a yearly trend report as a contribution to be submitted to the EU Commission. To evaluatethe trends, questionnaires for the collection of data on zoonoses were distributed among the supremegovernment authorities of the Lander at the end of the year in co-operation with the Federal Ministryof Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture. This contribution will demonstrate the evaluations ofthe reported investigations of zoonoses agents (e.g. Salmonella, Campylobacter, E.coli -VTEC/STECor Listeria monocytogenes) in foods sampled under a sampling plan with a new application using aformula to compare the results with the previous year by the confidence intervals.The standard calculations includes sums, percentages of positives of the investigated samples. As anew feature in the present report, the confidence intervals and accepted error have been included inthe tables of the zoonoses trend report. Calculations were performed by means of modification of thecalculations according to Spoorenberg et al (1996). Confidence intervals have been stated only if thenumber of samples was 385 or more. This corresponds to the minimal calculation for 5 % acceptederror and an unknown prevalence fixed at 50 %, according to Spoorenberg et al. (1996) for foodsamples collected under a sampling plan and a comparable standard investigation method (e.g. incase of Salmonella in Germany). This evaluation strategy will be demonstrated using some food categories reported from 2004 andcompared on a basis of significance to previous years (Hartung, 2004). Using data with comparablesampling schemes and comparable investigation methods a calculation of trends from the formeryears to the recent year is possible on a statistical basis. Y2 - 2005/07/19/21.07.2005


Rat dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (MeGlyDH) was used as model protein to study the biogenesis of a covalently flavinylated mitochondrial enzyme. Here we show that: 1) enzymatically active holoenzyme correlated with trypsin resistance of the protein; 2) folding of the reticulocyte lysate-translated protein into the trypsin-resistant, holoenzyme form was a slow process that was stimulated by the presence of the flavin cofactor and was more efficient at 15°C than at 30°C; 3) the mitochondrial presequence reduced the extent but did not prevent holoenzyme formation; 4) covalent attachment of FAD to the MeGlyDH apoenzyme proceeded spontaneously and did not require a mitochondrial protein factor; 5) in vitro only the precursor, but not the mature form, of the protein was imported into isolated rat liver mitochondria; in vivo, in stably transfected HepG2 cells, both the precursor and the mature form were imported into the organelle; 6) holoenzyme formation in the cytoplasm did not prevent the translocation of the proteins into the mitochondria in vivo; and 7) lack of vitamin B in the tissue culture medium resulted in a reduced recovery of the precursor and the mature form of MeGlyDH from cell mitochondria, suggesting a decreased efficiency of mitochondrial protein import.


Emergence of 'co-management' i.e. linked actions for managing environmental and public health issues, particularly air quality, alongside pursuing climate change mitigation and adaptation agenda has gained grounds in times of austerity. This paper looks at some of the pros and cons of implementing this approach at local scales. Three intersectoral case studies are presented, each depicting unique outlooks of sustainability practices currently being promoted. The Reading Borough Council Air Quality and Climate Change consultation process (Case Study I) highlights how comanagement can meet the need for political win-wins, as well as practical ones, through integrated policies to consolidate a range of council activities. The All London Green Grid development (Case Study II) illustrates the role of Green Infrastructure planning initiative towards local air quality management while enhancing green space cover for aesthetic and carbon sequestration potentials. The Decentralised Energy from Renewable Fuels initiative (Case Study III) provides evidence base for policies towards more holisitc management of such diffused installations. The case studies offer useful insights on the merits and the trade-offs of implementing local scale comanagement practices, both for reducing carbon intensity and for improving air quality using a more integrated framework than what is currently under offer. At the same time the paper recognises that delivery of such ambitious, cross-cutting agenda may be impeded, primarily owing to limited expertise in assessing the synergies and the expected outcomes from cross-fertility between these two arenas. It calls for a step-change through more cohesive, cross-disciplinary policy frameworks, going beyond the local administrative spheres to maximise the co-management potentials while mitigating the wider environmental impacts.


Phosphorus is known as embrittlement prone during heat treatment and to decrease the ductility of steel. For petroleum pipeline, cryogenic vessel, marine and automobile exterior,1,2) lowering phosphorus content in steel is a critical requirement. Dephosphorization is an optional oxidation process of phosphorus and carbon. Considering the thermodynamic condition of the dephosphorization reaction,3–5) the temperature of molten bath should be low and carbon– oxygen reaction should be restrained. The key to dephosphorization operation is to attain P contents as close to equilibrium as possible and strengthen the stirring effects of dephosphorization. Many researchers3–7) had reported previous works on removing phosphorus from liquid iron and there were several methods8–12) to remove phosphorus to produce low phosphorus steel. In particular, Healy,3) in 1970, published the formula (Eq. (1)) very often referred to the calculation of equilibrium phosphorus partition ratio involving phosphorus partition ratio, lime, and iron contents in slag and temperature. Simulation and Application of Top Lance with Various Tilt Angles in Dephosphorization Ladle Furnace


The review and analysis of the work of Rt. Hon. H. V. Evatt that is of greatest interest in the current period, which is devoted to William Arthur Holman and the history of the Australian Labor Movement is discussed. Evatt has called it a case book as it illustrates all phases of the general development of the political Labor movement in Australia.


It has now been adequately documented that Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRh) induces the release of LH in many species (Seeger & Humke, 1975). In anoestrous heep administration of GnRh results in ovulation, but the resultant corpus lateum is usually non viable and non functional (Haresign, Foster, Haynes, Crighton & Lamming, 1975). In goats GnRh administration also stimulates the release of LH (Van der Westhuysen, unpublished data) but its practical application has not been studied.


The title of this conference suggests that a relationship exists between stageor phase-specific antigens (PSA) found in embryonic or fetal tissues and cancer. The relationship may be causal, accidental, or incidental. In this discussion we would like to consider properties and mechanisms which embryonic and tumor cells may have in common and to see whether these commonalities may be useful in cancer detection and therapy. Since the implication is that cancer cells express genes usually active at an early stage of development, we must be concerned with the mechanisms of differentiation. These are not well understood, and it becomes necessary to erect a theoretical framework as a means of organizing both thought and experiment concerned with retrogenesis.


Actinobacteria belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis are important for antibiotic production and other valuable biotechnological applications such as biodegradation or bioconversion. Despite their industrial importance, tools and methods for the genetic manipulation of Amycolatopsis are less developed than in other actinobacteria such as Streptomyces. Moreover, most of the existing methods do not support convenient marker-free genome engineering. Here, we report the use of the pSAM2 site-specific recombination system for the efficient deletion of marker genes or large DNA regions in Amycolatopsis. For this purpose, we constructed a shuttle vector, replicating in Escherichia coli and Amycolatopsis, expressing the Xis and Int proteins from the Streptomyces integrative and conjugative element pSAM2. These proteins are sufficient for site-specific recombination between the attachment sites attL and attR. We also constructed two plasmids, replicative in E. coli but not in Amycolatopsis, for the integration of the recombination sites attL and attR on each side of a region targeted for deletion. We exemplified the use of these tools in Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM 40773 by obtaining with high efficiency (>95%) a marker-free deletion of one single gene in the rifamycin biosynthetic gene cluster or of the entire 90-kb cluster. IMPORTANCE The genus Amycolatopsis is regarded as an important source of diverse specialized metabolites. Members of this genus are used in industry for the production of valuable antibiotics such as rifamycins or vancomycin. Amycolatopsis spp. also present a great interest for biotechnological applications such as biodegradation or bioconversion. Despite their importance, their genetic manipulation was somehow hampered by the lack of efficient tools. Here we report the successful use of the pSAM2 site-specific recombination system to construct unmarked deletion mutants, allowing marker recycling, or to create large deletions in A. mediterranei DSM 40773. The high efficiency of this site-specific recombination system and it possible application to other Amycolatopsis species open new opportunities for marker-free genome engineering in this genus.


In this paper the steps that led to gap waveguide conception are surveyed. The review includes a background analysis as well as a look into the main physics property exploited in the technology and its implications. Finally, applications resulting from the original idea are also reviewed.


The surface quality of a workpiece, as it is finished by the tooling machine, can be translated into a set of numbers (one or more) which depend on the specific measuring procedures. We illustrate this with respect to the three classes of profilometer techniques either available or suggested, namely: mechanical profilometers, detection of the angular scattering diagram, speckle correlation. A mechanical profilometer yields a value of roughness averaged over the size of a diamond point which fingers the surface [1 ]. Furthermore, the diamond finger is cut at a given angle (e.g. 45°), and the measurement o f a roughness profile steeper than that would give wrong values. Hence, associated information has a resolution limited by the above size and steepness requirements. In the second case, using scattering techniques, the surface is illuminated by an e.m. wave (either at microwave or optical frequencies) and the angular distribution of the scattered intensity is associated with the average size of the scattering irregularities [2,3]. In such a case the ratio of the intensity values at two dif-


The five countries of Germany,Britain,France,America and Japan are developed countries,their graduate education is in the front-end in the world,the mode of their graduate education have their own characteristics and common points.Graduate Education of the five countries has impacted one another in the development process,eventually forming the distinctive mode of graduate education.Through the comparison of models of graduate education in the five countries,the article analyzes the effects of graduate education for reference to our country.


Student teams raced against the clock — and one another — as they competed to be the first to stand a pipe upright using only homemade inventions.


When perishable products are priced uniformly, regardless of the amount of time remaining until expiration, consumers may gravitate towards fresher products, leaving some inventory unsold. This research considers dynamic pricing policies as well as replenishment policies in the context of perishable products with a fixed shelf life. Consumers are assumed to be heterogeneous in their sensitivity to freshness, i.e. their willingness to pay more for fresher products. We develop a model for identifying an optimal (profit-maximising) dynamic pricing policy and for evaluating the extent to which both the retailer and the consumer benefit from the implementation of a dynamic pricing policy as opposed to a static policy. The model assumes that the retailer is able to utilise knowledge regarding the heterogeneous characteristics of incoming customers (e.g. the retailer can gather specific information about customers' historical purchases). Unexpectedly, it is proven that in an optimal pricing policy, the retailer should assign a lower price to fresher products and then raise the price as the products approach expiration. A numerical illustration shows that profits are strongly influenced by the volatility of consumer sensitivity to freshness; specifically, this variable has the potential to reduce optimal profits by up to 8%.


AIMS
This study evaluated pain associated with electronic probing comparing two commercially available probe tip designs using standardised force.

MATERIAL & METHODS
Twenty adult patients with slight-moderate chronic periodontitis received periodontal probing using controlled-force electronic probe at 2 visits. In visit 1, a random arch was probed with either a ball-end (0.6mm diameter, 408 kPa; Test) or straight (0.45mm diameter, 726 kPa; Control) probe tip. The opposing arch was then probed using the other probe tip. Discomfort associated with each probing episode was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS). 7 days later, tip assignments were alternated from visit 1 and VAS re-scored. VAS scores were compared by probe tip, arches and visits.

RESULTS
Both tips provided similar VAS scores (median 13.5 for ball-end and 14 for straight, p=0.3713). However, the straight tip was associated with decreased VAS scores in the maxilla (p=0.01). Overall, VAS values did not differ by arch or study visit. Individual VAS scores showed high levels of correlation between study visits and between tips used (R2 =0.86 and 0.64, respectively, P<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Both probing approaches were associated with low levels of pain on probing. The straight tip, it may be perceived as more comfortable in the maxilla.


The extent of the effect of electromagnetic induction in sub-surface has been investigated using geomagnetic data for the period 1980-1986 from a station Etaiyapuram situated between Trivandrum and Kodaikanal and away from the seacoast, but close to the magnetic equator. The station Etaiyapuram exhibits forenoon maximum and afternoon minimum in Z component for all seasons, similar to that for Trivandrum, contrary to the expectations from Chapman's theory of equatorial electrojet. Daily variation of Z shows characteristic features for Trivandrum during the years when sun is active, but characteristic features for Kodaikanal when sun is calm suggesting that the latitudinal extent of anomalous induction in Palk Strait decrease with decreasing solar activity. This abnormal induction effect at Etaiyapuram is found to be enhanced during periods of strong electrojet. current. The daily variation of disturbance in geomagnetic Z field does not indicate any abnormal effect due to induction, but storm time Dst(Z) variation shows clearly the induction effects. Similarly, the amplitude of storm sudden commencement (SSC) in l'>Z at Etaiyapuram is found to be affected by electrojet as well as by the sub-surface currents. I


This study aims to examine the professional and pedagogical competencies of form six geography teachers in Malaysia. Study involved 200 geography teachers from across Malaysia, separated into five zones; the Northern Zone, the Central Zone, the East Coast Zone, the Southern Zone and the East Malaysia Zone. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The six variables of professional and pedagogical competence studied were as follows: teachers' understanding of their topics, professional knowledge, subject content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, pedagogical technology knowledge and professional values. The findings showed all competencies of professionalism and pedagogy to be at high levels. Specifically, correlations revealed teachers' understanding of topics to have strong, significant relationships with their subject content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical technology knowledge, and moderate, significant relationships with their professional knowledge and values. Hence, the results indicate that teachers' professional knowledge and values need to be enhanced in order to achieve the ideal level of professional and pedagogical competence for form six geography teachers in Malaysia.


Objectives: To assess the impact of scaling up HAART on the HIV epidemic by simultaneously tracking the transmission dynamics of different sources of infection. Methods: We built a semi-deterministic dynamic model. The HIV natural history was defined by different infectivity strata: susceptible; primary infection; symptomatic phase defined by four viral load strata (<3, 3-4, 4-5, ≥5 log10 copies/mL); and late stage. The model's deterministic component was responsible for predicting the number of new infections by increasing HAART coverage from 50% to 75%, 90% and 100%, and by changing the CD4 threshold for therapy initiation from ≤200 cells/mm3 to ≤350 cells/mm3. The random component of this model was modeled using generalized additive models to take into account the effect of HAART, adherence, resistance and other key clinical and demographic factors on the distribution of individuals amongst infectivity strata over time. The probability of emergence of resistance during the course of therapy was modeled using logistic regression. Results: Our model predicts that within 25 years, given the current guidelines and adherence level (78.5%), the cumulative number of new infections averted by increasing the number of people on treatment from 50% to 75%, 90% and 100% is, respectively, 3108, 4776, and 5701. The greatest impact was on the new infections driven by injection drug use. These numbers are further stratified by different adherence levels. A beneficial effect was also seen in the worst case scenarios — high probability of developing resistance, and high virulence because of low adherence levels. Conclusions: Higher HAART usage was inevitably succeeded by a small increase in the prevalence of individuals carrying drug resistant virus driven by imperfect adherence and consequently high viral load. However, the overall benefit of expanding the access to HAART, as a powerful prevention strategy, was overwhelmingly substantial in reducing the growth of the epidemic.


In order to explore extraction technique of allicin in green onion, extraction conditions of allicin in green onion by microwave-assisted extraction technology were discussed. Single factor experiments on the basis of ethanol concentration, microwave time and solid-liquid rate were studied, then a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction processing conditons. Results showed that optimum extraction processing conditions of allicin in green onion were as follows: microwave power of 700 W,microwave time of 15 s, solid-liquid rate of 1 ∶ 20, and ethanol concentration of 40 %. Under these conditions, yield of allicin in green onions was 0.045 mg/g, which was consistant with theoretical prediction value.


The general approach for describing systems with a Bose–Einstein condensate, where atoms interact through nonlocal pair potentials, is presented. Special attention is paid to nonintegrable potentials, such as the dipolar interaction potential. The potentials that are not absolutely integrable can have not well-defined Fourier transforms. Using formally these not defined Fourier transforms leads to unphysical conclusions. To make the Fourier transform well defined, the interaction potential has to be regularised. This is illustrated by the example of dipolar interactions.


We prove that two horizontal-strip LLT polynomials are equal if the associated weighted graphs defined by the author in a previous paper are isomorphic. This provides a sufficient condition for equality of horizontal-strip LLT polynomials and yields a welldefined LLT polynomial indexed by a weighted graph. We use this to prove some new relations between LLT polynomials and we explore a connection with extended chromatic symmetric functions.


Despite their rather universal distribution in tropical inter-tidal coastal area mangrove has been identified driven by some physical, chemical and biological factors which might varied one to another site. Muddy waters, sufficient fresh water supply, high tidal inundation were few factors which commonly correlated with an ideal mangrove growth. Ayau Islands, a group of several small island in the Raja Ampat Islands regency West Papua, however, could be an example on how mangrove were closely interconnected to other tropical coastal ecosystem i.e:, seagrasses and coral reef even though grew in a not such "ideal" condition.   A purposive sampling method was applied for this study, two stations was designated in Kanober Island and one station in Dorekar Island. Tree replication sampling plot of 10m x 10m was lied on each station and data were collected following a mangrove monitoring manual.  The result showed at least 4 major species, 3 minor species and 12 association of mangrove component were found in the study site. Bruguiera gymnorriza, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora lamarckii, Ceriops tagal and Sonneratia ovata were the most common species. In general the vegetation in a good condition with a high canopy cover.


An experiment on detecting the influence of THz irradiation on coherent resonant electron tunneling through a short superlattice in an electric field is proposed. It is numerically shown that transmission via the upper levels of the lowest miniband, being suppressed down to the values T=10−2–10−1 by applied voltage, is restored to T∼1 by the THz field of certain amplitudes and frequencies. This is caused by electron delocalization due to stimulated multi-quantum transitions to the levels close to the center of the miniband. Thus, amplification of incident irradiation and higher-harmonics generation are possible.


Poetry is one of the genres in Swahili literature; it is categorized in written literature. Poetry is composed and presented to the audience however; each author has his way of communicating his messages which promote themes. This research is on The writing techniques used in presentation of love themes in some of Muyaka's Poems. Although there are studies that have been carried out concerning the elaboration of themes by researchers, there was still a shortage of research done basing on The writing techniques used in presentation of love themes in some of Muyaka's Poems. The main objective is to analyse the writing techniques used in presentation of love theme in some of Muyaka's poems in Muyaka's poetry book. The research is conducted in Muyaka's poetry. The selection of this poetic book was done using purposive technique. This is a library based research hence the technique used to collect the data is the document analysis technique. Data is analyzed descriptively based on the prisms. The main purpose of this paper is to cover the gap that has been left without being researched on which is writing techniques used in presentation of love themes in some of Muyaka's Poems. The research is guided by two theories; New Critism that emphasizes on the close reading analysis and Stylistic theory that emphasizes on how language can be used in a literally work. The method mainly involved the use of observation and reading. The data is analyzed based on the prisms of the two theories. The findings indicated that the writing techniques used in presentation of love themes are used effectively in Swahili poetry, the writing techniques used include Similes, Imagery, Hyperbole, Repetition, Rhetorical questions metaphors, Sayings, and Parables, the study revealed that the techniques used in the presentation of love themes are appropriate hence they are likely to make the language interesting, to enable the reader think, encourage community members and it makes communication effective. This paper will help a common man to be aware of how love themes can be presented in the African society, the countries that use Swahili language will give guidance to their scholars on poetry, also this work will be a good reference material to other research works.


With the development of Internet,the Management Information System based on Browse/Server(B/S)mode attracts more and more attentions of people.It has many characteristics such as friendly interface,easy to use and maintenance conve- niently.This paper introduced the design of the management information system for community re-employment,and discussed the design concept,the components and functions of the system,and the selection of hardware and software platforms.At last, it presented the development of the system by taking the re-employment management information system of Daqing City as an example.


The purpose of this work was to evaluate the physical, physical-chemical and chemical characteristics of fruits from nine genotypes of acerola (Malpighia sp.) growing in Anapolis, GO, Brazil, located at 1,000 m above sea level. Data showed that the production of fruits with high content of vitamin C (above 1,000 mg/100 mL of juice) is viable in that region. However, it was found a considerable variability among the genotypes studied, in which genotypes numbered 2, 6, 3, 1 and 7 stood out, fulfilling the main industrial requirements.


This study is about when, where, and how to implement an advanced completion technique, basec on deliberate sand production, in order to induce cavities that increase productivity of a well (a cavity can be a void, or an cohanced perm zone of disaggregated sand). The concept spans the spectrum of well life, from a cavity as the initial completion, to managing sand flowback in mature wells. Folds-of-increase (FOI) in the range 3-20 have been found in field applications. This compares with FOI of 2-5 after hydraulic fracturing In certain field cases, sand does stop coming into the well as the cavity stabilizes. A strong enough caprock (overburden material) is a key to the success of cavity completions in some unconsolidated formations in the field Two kinds of laboratory tests have been conducted: (1) centrifuge tests in unconsolidated sands with low stresses, (2) large block tests in weakly consolidated sands, with more realistic stresses. In both cases, allowing sand to flow increased the productivity of the well by several fold, and the cavity geometries provided insights into what may happen in the field. The work has also included evaluations of subsidence and casing stability, due to sand production. Also, a model has been created to optimize a cavity completion by calculating the productivity increase (P) stability of cavity, and sand disposal costs, all as a function of volume of sand removed. The results herein have implications for other business areas: eg, sand management; increasing injectivity for injection wells; and underbalanced drilling, perforating, surging applications.


Effect of Ti alloying during both RTA and LTA on Ni silicide formation is studied. In the RTA annealed samples, Ni3Si2 was found to be the first silicide formed at 600degC and stable up to 900degC. On the other hand, unique triple layer microstructures were found in the sample after single-pulsed LTA at high laser fluence. Ti rapidly segregates from the alloy melt and forms a protective TiOx overlayer on the surface during rapid solidification


The relationship between the different genotypes of 30 microsattlite loci and growth characters(born weight,60-day body weight,4-month body weight and 6-month body weight)in 152 Jinhua pigs was studied by amplification of microsatellite markers using multi-plex PCR combined with fluorescein-labeled detection technology.The results showed that there were significant differences of born weight among different genotypes of microsatellite SW2476,SW0215 and SW24,and of 60-day body weight among different genotypes of SW902,S0143,SW0215,S0228,SW24,and of 4-month body weight among different genotypes of S0178,S0218,S0255,S0155 and SW951.Moreover,there was significant difference of 6-month body weight among different genotypes of S0217.


Superhydrophobic surfaces, which have amazing abilities such as self-cleaning and drag reduction, have aroused great interest in both academic studies and industrial fields in the past decade. Although many methods and techniques to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces have been investigated, most of the coatings have a lack of adherence which hinders the practical usage. Herein, we introduce a superhydrophobic coating developed from ethyl α-cyanoacrylate (ECA), which is a kind of widely used glue with tenacious adhesion to various substrates. A liquid film of ECA monomers was coated on a substrate and put in an environment of ammonia vapor and high humidity at room temperature. The polymerization concurrently started at the top of the film triggered by ammonia and at the bottom initiated by the substrate. A layer of PECA microfibers was formed at the surface first, and then vapor phase polymerization of the volatilized ECA monomers was conducted on the as-formed microfibers generating twisted and coiled micro/nanofibers. After the monomers were all consumed, a PECA coating with three layers were generated: one layer of micro/nanofibers on top, one layer of microfibers in the middle and one layer of bulk PECA at the bottom. The polymeric coating obtained a CA as high as 158° and SA of 4° due to the micro/nanofiber-structured surface and a good adhesion to the substrate.


Drawing on archaeological and written sources, this collection of essays presents fascinating new interpretations in the history of the fisheries by highlighting the consequences of the northern fisheries through interdisciplinary approaches to various themes, including the environment, economy, politics, and society in the medieval and early modern periods.


In epidemiological studies, significantly lower excretion of urinary estradiol (E2) and lower ratio of urinary 2‐hydroxyestrone to 16α‐hydroxyestrone (2:16 OH‐E1) has been reported in prostate cancer cases compared to controls. Although soy supplementation has been shown to increase the ratio 2:16 OH‐E1 in women, no studies have investigated the effects of soy supplementation on estrogen metabolism in men. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of soy protein isolate consumption on estrogen metabolism in men at high risk of prostate cancer. Fifty‐seven men supplemented their habitual diets with 40 g protein in soy protein isolate (SPI+) (containing 107 mg isoflavones/d), alcohol‐extracted soy protein isolate (SPI‐) (containing < 6 mg isoflavones/d), or milk protein isolate (MPI). The urinary estrogen metabolite profile was measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Both soy groups had higher E2 excretion than MPI at 3 and 6 months. After 6 months of supplementation, the SPI+ group had a significantly higher urinary 2:16 OH‐E1 ratio than the MPI group. These results were not influenced by equol‐excretor status, although at baseline, equol‐excretors had higher 2:16 OH‐E1 concentrations than non‐excretors. Increased urinary E2 excretion and 2:16 OH‐E1 ratio in men consuming soy protein isolate are consistent with studies in women and suggest that soy consumption may be beneficial in men at high risk of progressing to advanced prostate cancer.


The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between anger, anger expression styles and submissive behaviors in adolescents. The study group of the research consisted of 445 high school students selected by random sampling method. The participants consisted of 250 (45.9%) men and 295 (54.1%) women. In the research, State-Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale, Submissive Behaviors Scale and Personal Information Form were used to determine the anger and anger expression styles of adolescents. In the analysis of the data; t-test, one-way variance analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis were used. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found in favor of female students in trait anger and anger-out sub-dimensions of trait anger and anger expression styles of adolescents according to gender variable. In the anger control sub-dimension, a significant difference was found in favor of male students. According to the grade variable, the anger-in subscale dimension, which is one of the state-trait anger and anger expression subscales, was found to be significantly higher in the 10th grade students than the 9th grade students. As a result of the correlation analysis conducted in the research, a positive and moderate relationship was found between the adolescents' scores from submissive behaviors and the anger-in sub-dimensions. As a result of the regression analysis conducted in the research, it was concluded that submissive behaviors were a significant predictor of adolescents' anger-in. According to the findings of this study, it can be suggested that school psychological counselors conduct anger control group guidance for 9th and 10th grade students.


The present invention relates to the use of the lower wafer layers, fulfills aluminum and diffusion barrier for other metals roles simultaneously, to an aluminum oxide-based passivation layer. Further describes a method and composition suitable for the preparation of these layers.


Taking extraction solution of anthocynins fromVitis amurensis as materials,different factors of light,heat,pH,hydrogen peroxide,ascorbic acid,metal ions,potassium sorbate,and xanthan gum were conducted to study Vitis amurensis anthocyanins' stability.The results showed that light had greater impact on stability of anthocyanins.Anthocyanin degradation was obvious above 60℃.Anthocyanin stability in the acidic environment was significantly higher than alkaline environment.The hydrogen peroxide could cause the destruction of the anthocyanins.Ascorbic acid could play aprotective role of anthocyanins,but long after the reverse promoted anthocyanins decomposition.Fe 3+ and potassium sorbate could increase the stability of the anthocyanins.Xanthan gum did not significantly influence the stability of the anthocyanins.