Spring burning is used to control invasion by woody vegetation of rangelands in eastern Kansas and also of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to native grasses. We measured the effects of spring burning of CRP fields on vegetation structure and avian populations in northeastern Kansas during the summers of 1992 through 1995. Several vegetation characteristics differed between burned and unburned CRP fields in May, but few differed in July. Mean avian abundance on burned CRP fields was 5.6 birds km-1 of survey transect, significantly less (P < 0.01) than the 8.6 km-1 on unburned fields. The avian-assemblages on burned and unburned fields differed more in May/June [Morisita's Index to Similarity (MIS) = 0.86] than in June/July or July/August (MIS = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively). Avian species richness ranged from 12 to 21 on burned fields and from 10 to 19 on unburned fields. A total of 27 nests was found on burned fields, significantly less (P < 0.01) than the 372 found on unburned fields. The 22.2% nesting success on burned fields was not significantly different (P = 0.205) than the 34.1% success on unburned fields. Spring burning reduced bird-nest numbers in the summer of the same year, but did not reduce significantly (P = 0.235) the number of nests found in those fields the following summers nor the abundance of birds or nesting success. Avoidance of annual burning would reduce adverse impacts on bird populations relying on CRP fields for nesting habitat.


This study examines the effect of students' perceptions in public accounting profession on the interest to be a public accountant. Perception variables are measured in three components: the degree of completion of work structure, the level of precision of an accountant, and the level of solitary in completing works. OLS multiple regression and ANOVA test were used as techniques of analysis. The results showed that both the degree of completion of work structure and the solitary in completing works have negative significant effects on the interest to be a public accountant. In contrast, the level of precision in completing works has a positive but not significant effect on the interests of undergraduate accounting students to be a public accountant.


A method for switching the channel of a digital TV is provided to solve the problem that a long time for the processing of a continued key is spent because video and audio are output through each channel in the case of a digital TV. Channel numbers are extracted from a channel map for storing various information if a channel up/down key is input(S10,S20). The channel numbers are sequentially displayed while the channel up/down key is input(S30). Signal intensities of identical channels stored in the channel map are compared with each other if the identical channels exist so that a channel number having the greater signal intensity is displayed. The displayed channel number is tuned if the channel up/down key is released(S50,S70).


The history of spiritualist sound experiments – from nineteenth‐century 'trumpet manifestations' to contemporary 'electronic voice phenomena' – represents a sustained engagement with electrical noise and its psychic, linguistic, and media‐technological implications. While the study of noise generally focuses on music and cinema sound, in which its transgressive nature is often recuperated back into artistic production, spiritualist efforts to record so‐called transmissions from the dead illustrate the ways in which noise resists conscious mediation or artistic representation. A closer study of their methods and practices shows that the real, physical‐acoustic nature of voice phenomena even resists the spiritualists' own attempts to translate and interpret these noises as coherent 'messages'. Through an examination of the history of spiritualist sound experimentation in the Nineteenth Century and its continued practice following the development of the radio and tape recorder in the Twentieth Century, this paper argues that the spiritualists' enduring fascination with noise exposes the connections between sound technologies, psychic phenomena and schizophrenic hallucinations which pose a threat to the autonomy and integrity of the listening and speaking subject.


We consider an oscillator with a random mass for which the particles of the surrounding medium adhere to the oscillator for some random time after the collision (Brownian motion with adhesion). This is another form of a stochastic oscillator, different from oscillator usually studied that is subject to a random force or having random frequency or random damping. We calculated first two moments for different form of a random force, and studied different resonance phenomena (stochastic resonance, vibration resonance and "erratic" behavior) interposed between order and chaos.


Critics have accused classification yards of being the major barrier standing between today's slow service and tomorrow's greater reliability for shippers. How true are the charges? In the past they had great validity as each yard dumped its output on the next yard down the line. But a Modern Railroads survey of the new yards of the Seventies reflects a basic change in philosophy of operations. By passing intermediate yards is key to improving rail service. But to bypass effectively, you need a new operating philosophy.


Group action recognition in soccer videos is a challenging problem due to the difficulties of group action representation and camera motion estimation. This paper presents a novel approach for recognizing group action with a moving camera. In our approach, ego-motion is estimated by the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature sets on successive frames. The optical flow is then computed on compensated frames. Due to the inaccurate ego-motion estimation, the optical flow can not reflect accurate motion of objects. In this paper, we propose a new motion descriptor which treats the optical flow as spatial patterns and extracts accurate global motion from the noisy optical flow. The latent-dynamic conditional random field model is employed to recognize group action. Experimental results show that our approach is promising.


The objective of this four-year, $7 million US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Advanced Materials Partnership (USAMP) Cooperative Agreement project is to validate and assess the ability of physics-based material models to predict crash performance of primary loadcarrying carbon fiber composite automotive structures. Models evaluated include Automotive Composites Consortium/USAMP-developed models from the University of Michigan (UM) and Northwestern University (NWU), as well as four major commercial crash codes: LS-DYNA, RADIOSS, PAM-CRASH, and Abaqus. Predictions are being compared to experimental results from quasi-static testing and dynamic crash testing of a lightweight carbon fiber composite front bumper and crush can (FBCC) system which was selected for demonstration via design, analysis, fabrication, and crash testing. The successful validation of these crash models will facilitate improved design of lightweight carbon fiber composites in automotive structures for mass reductions. This paper outlines the project, including the program objective, approach, and a summary the results to this point. Program Overview Background, Objectives and Approach The objective of the Validation of Material Models (VMM) project is to validate the predictive capability of physics-based computational crash models for carbon fiber composites. This will enable broader use of the models in the design of automotive carbon fiber primary structural crash and energy management systems. Models considered include existing constitutive models in commercial codes, as well as models developed in projects jointly sponsored by the Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) and the US Department of Energy (DOE). The models are assessed by comparing predictions of quasi-static and dynamic crash performance of a demonstration part with the actual results from testing. The component selected was a frontbumper/crush-can (FBCC) system, which is a key aspect of energy absorption in a frontal impact event. A gap analysis identifying the shortcomings of the modeling approaches will be the final


Special attention is taking place in the environment of public transport, for which higher amount of small radius curves being applied is specific. The outcome of such operation of vehicles is an increase in vehicle's effects on the track in the rail-wheel contact resulting in increased ride resistance, creep in the rail-wheel contact patch, speeding up the process of wear in the contact pair as well as noise generation. At present, a variety of technical solutions for the vehicle bogie design as well as track designs focused on decreasing of these negative effects exists. Their use in smaller radius curves however, cannot give acceptable results and often causes complications in bogie design. The authors give a concept of creep reduction in rail-wheel contact by using double wheel tread, which doesn't require complicated bogie design. The proposed solution is supported by dynamical simulation of the tram car vehicle ride with considering of active wheel tread changes, and is also registered under Patent Application Nr. a201701589.


Feed is one of the production costs which accounts for 65% of the total production cost of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.) cultivation, so there is a need for alternative feed ingredients that can reduce feed costs. The use of local raw materials in making feed can be an alternative in cultivation activities and is expected to reduce production costs. This study aims to determine the effect of feeding local raw materials with different proteins on the growth of catfish seeds and to analyze the cost of feed production. This research was conducted on March 20 to June 18 2020 at the Integrated Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely feed A (32%), feed B (30%), feed C (33%) and feed D (36). The data obtained were analyzed by using the ANOVA test and followed by the Duncan test. The parameters observed in this study were absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, protein retention, water feed resistance, feed cost analysis and water quality. The results showed that D feed with 36% protein treatment had a significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of sangkuriang catfish. Feed D resulted in the lowest FCR of 0.58.


A 5-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) in 122 infants in California with confirmed infant botulism (75 caused by type A Clostridium botulinum toxin, and 47 by type B toxin) was conducted at the California Department of Health Services, Richmond, CA; National Botulism Surveillance and Reference Laboratory, CDC and P, Atlanta; and Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley.


The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the changes in the progesterone concentrations, estrogens, 17 estradiol, glucocorticoides and T3 during the ...


The invention relates to a method for detecting elliptic structures (10) in an image comprising: - detecting arc-shaped structures (11) in the image (9) using a circular Hough transform (KHT) of the image (9), wherein a radius and a center point (12) for each circular arc-shaped structure (11) are determined, - identifying pairs of circular arc-shaped structures (11), which consist of two of the detected arc-shaped structures (11) with substantially equal radii, - defining a search area (14) within the image (9) for each of these pairs as a function of the center points (12) of the respective pair arcuate structures (11), - Search within the circular arc for a given pair of structures (11) defined search area (14) of a pair of edges (16), which connect the two circular arc-shaped structures (11) with each other. The invention further relates to a device for detecting elliptical structures in an image.


In previous papers (Kaila 1961, 1965 a), the author reported results on the effect of liming on the distribution of soil phosphorus in various fractions. It was found that the relatively heavy treatment with CaC0 3 in incubation experiments affected, in the first place, the inorganic phosphorus, increasing the fluoride-soluble and acid-soluble forms of the Chang and Jackson (1951) fractionation at the expense of the alkali-soluble fraction: in most cases, the accelerative effect on the mineralisation of organic phosphorus was not significant. Studies on the fate of applied soluble phosphate in soils (Kaila showed that both in the field and in incubation experiments in the laboratory the phosphate treatment of most soils increased markedly only the phosphorus fractions extracted by NH,F and NaOH. The part of applied phosphorus recovered in the fluoride soluble form tended to be the higher and that recovered in the alkali-soluble form the lower, the higher was the amount of phosphate applied. On the other hand, the soils seem to have a characteristic pattern of phosphate retention which in extreme cases may mean an almost complete sorption of the applied phosphate as either the fluoride-soluble or the alkali-soluble forms, though usually the distribution between these two fractions appears to be more equal. In the present work an attempt is made to study the effect of lime on the fate of superphosphate phosphorus, when both are applied simultaneously. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of lime to disturb the phosphorus distribution pattern typical of the soil.


A process method and fixtures have been developed for fabricating square shaped Zircaloy-2 channels for the fuel assemblies used in the Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor. Fourteen of these channels were made and assembled on fuel bundles. All of these bundles have been irradiated in the Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor for various exposures and their suitability for this application has been established. Welds made using this process were as good as those prcduced in a controlled atmosphere box from the point of view of corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. (auth)


Abstract For half a century, the key vocabularies defining Kenya's tourism sector have been: safari, big five, savanna, Maasai and the coastal Swahili. Of the 52 national parks and reserves in Kenya, only 6 accounted for 70% of the total visitation in 2006. This leaves many conservation areas with hardly any tourism activity. While acknowledging that Kenya has not yet fully exploited its tourism potential, this paper puts into perspective efforts being undertaken by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) in trying to popularize less frequented conservation areas since 2005. Indeed, a publication by the World Bank Group (2010) on the state of Kenya's tourism brought to the fore the fact that Kenya has an important 'jewel' that needs to be polished. Through an analysis of the brand names and images associated with different parks, this paper also explores the gaps inherent in achieving destination competitiveness at a micro level. Indeed, the branding exercise not only meant the rehabilitation of infrastructure but also a comprehensive community outreach programmes around the protected areas. Nevertheless, an analysis of the branding messages and intentions suggest that for the KWS, the brand names proposed limit themselves within the confines of the parks with no regard for the bigger picture of the surrounding environment within which the parks are found.


This chapter focuses on anxiety disorders presenting in the postpartum. Symptoms include ruminative, excessive worried thoughts that are minimally decreased with reassurance and support, an inability to relax, feelings of tension, worry the baby's health, feeling overwhelmed with caring for the baby, and insomnia due to intrusive worried thoughts and inability to relax. Depressive symptoms can occur secondary to feeling anxious. Women with a history of an anxiety disorder have an elevated risk of developing these symptoms postpartum. Support and encouragement for family is important. Medications such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and short-term use of a benzodiazepine may be required. Relaxation techniques, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and cognitive-behavioral therapy may all be helpful. Lack of treatment may result in postpartum depression, impaired mother/infant bonding and impaired infant/child development.


ABSTRACT Introduction Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent diseases in aging men. It may adversely affect quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and its effects on sexuality. Areas covered The impact of α1-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARI), and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) on erectile and ejaculatory functions in men with BPH are covered. Endocrinological aspects have also been addressed, including the management of hypogonadism, which affects many patients with BPH, and the impact of the use of 5-ARI use on bone health. Expert opinion The adverse-event profile of α1-blockers depends on their affinity for the α1-adrenoceptors rather than selectivity. The probability of ejaculatory dysfunction is highest with silodosin than other nonselective drugs (tamsulosin, alfuzosin, doxazosin, and terazosin). Concerning the impact of finasteride and dutasteride on sexual desire, erectile function, and ejaculation, the vast majority of the studies have shown a low prevalence of treatment-related adverse events. Due to the benefits of erection, PDE5i represents the perfect class of drugs for the treatment of LUTS-BPH in patients with erectile dysfunction. Testosterone replacement therapy could be considered in some hypogonadal patients with BPH. Finally, current evidence support the safety of 5-ARI on bone tissue.


Tourism contributes to the economic development of the country through increasing value added in GDP, creating new jobs and stimulating the development of tourism and non-tourism activities. In Montenegro, tourism is the fastest growing economic sector with increasing multiple economic effects. Tourism has a stabilizing role in the Montenegrin balance of payments, where income from tourism for many years successfully mitigate the negative balance of trade with foreign countries. Tourism has become one of the leading export sector in Montenegro, which grows in revenue and has the potential to diversify the economy, stimulate entrepreneurship and improve the overall standard of living in the country. The goal of the paper is to use econometric methods to model and estimate i.e.quantify the impact of tourism on GDP of Montenegro.


In 2008 we presented the first edition of this book. Since then, the issue of demographic change and the aging phenomenon have raised the attention of more and more scholars, business leaders, and politicians in many parts of the world. We strongly believe that aging is one of the decisive mega-trends, and societies all over the world will have to tackle aging and shrinking populations along with the related challenges. Globally, the number of persons aged 60 or over is expected almost to triple, increasing from 737 million in 2009 to 2 billion by 2050. In the more developed regions, 21% of the population is already aged 60 years or over and that proportion is projected to reach 33% in 2050. As a matter of fact, in developed countries as a whole, the number of older persons has already surpassed the number of children (persons under age 15), and by 2050 the number of older persons in developed countries will be more than twice the number of children. But this trend is not restricted to the developed world. In developing countries as a whole, even though just 8% of the population is today aged 60 years or over, that proportion will more than double by 2050, reaching 20% that year. Visualizing the demographic change in terms of population aging and shrinking helps in grasping these massive figures. Figure 1 shows the percentage of people 65 years and older in relation to the total population for a number of selected countries. This percentage can be seen as a good proxy for the aging of these populations. Figure 2 shows the growth or shrinkage respectively of the populations in selected countries between 2005 and 2050. We assume these unprecedented trends to heavily affect societies, companies, and politics. We further expect this development to be relevant for industrialized nations as well as for certain emerging economies. Against this backdrop, it is all the more surprising to see that research on the implications of the demographic change on societies, industries, and companies is still in its infancy. Most accounts of the so-called demographic "problem" deal, as the term already suggests, with the challenges and threats of the demographic development. These discussions feature, for example, the shrinking workforce, welfare effects, social


The DSM-5, adopted in 2013, presents an updated list of affective disorders, which opens with a fundamentally new psychiatric diagnosis of a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is diagnosed in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and is manifested by chronic severe and persistent irritability or anger, as well as outbursts of anger disproportionate to the cause. It is obvious that the condition of a significant part of children and adolescents with a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder before the appearance of this diagnosis was mistakenly regarded as manifestations of bipolar disorder. The criterion of the fundamental difference between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and bipolar disorder is the absence of manic or hypomanic in the first of them. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by high comorbidity and is often combined with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and attention deficit with hyperactivity, as well as anxiety. The course and prognostic significance of a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, as well as the choice of the most effective methods of pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy require numerous further studies.


In this essay I argue that Büchner's main legacy was – in addition to his enormous literary and cultural significance – a philosophical-scientific investigation into the nature of existence as an entirely contingent reality. The metaphysics of contingency describe a conceptual approach I take to analyse the disjuncture between what Büchner suspected was the entirely contingent nature of life on the one hand and the metaphysical patterns of explanation that humanity had developed in order to obviate the nihilistic implications of that insight on the other. I argue that his works are all attempts to grapple with this fundamental dichotomy of human existence. Touching on the work of Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Ernst Bloch and Durs Grünbein, I argue that Büchner proceeded from the idea that man is indeed an animal but also saw that this did not mean that he should be treated like one. For much of the nineteenth century and in parts of the twentieth, Büchner's works were ignored – or worse. This has only partly to do with his untimely death and the unfinished nature of his works. More importantly, these are uncomfortable texts, considered even by his friends to be violent, sexually provocative and immoral, politically dangerous and socially explosive as well as existentially dark. They are uncomfortable in this way because they come, as Durs Grünbein points out, at a vital breaking point in human history and philosophy when the death of art was being proclaimed as a precursor to the death of God.1 Moreover, Büchner was writing in the years after the defeat of Napoleon and the partial re-establishment of the old feudal order. To paraphrase Gramsci, for restorationist Germany, the old new order of revolutionary France had passed away, yet a new old order of reactionary Germany was only impermanently fixed. In the historical interregnum between postrevolutionary 1 Durs Grünbein, Den Körper zerbrechen. Rede zur Entgegennahme des Georg-Büchner-Preises 1995 (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1995), p. 8. Durs Grünbein, 'Breaking the Body', trans. by Andrew Shields, in The Bars of Atlantis. Selected Essays, ed. by Michael Eskin (New York: Farar, Straus and Giroux, 2010), pp. 12–21, here p. 12.


An EMR program can streamline—or complicate—ob/gyn practice. Answering several critical questions before you choose a system can go a long way to ensuring a successful outcome.


Analyzing multivariate time series has been a very important topic in statistics, econometrics and finance. In practice, most time series data arising from finance, biomedicine, meteorology, and social networks are best analyzed by multivariate models. For example, in finance, many popular univariate models such as ARMA, ARCH (GARCH), CAPM and dynamic hedging models are being investigated for possible extensions to their multivariate counterparts, because the multivariate models better represent market dynamics under the conditions of the globalized economy. However, the issue of computation efficiency arises as the number of parameters easily explodes with increasing dimension of the model. To give a practical example, the number of parameters for a typical multivariate GARCH model grows at the rate of $O(n^4)$, where n is the model dimension. So it is almost impossible to use the model when the dimension grows into the order of hundreds, which, however, is the common situation in practice. In this paper, in order to address the problem and make possible the analysis of high-dimensional multivariate time series, we develop a regularization technique for stationary multivariate time series by penalty, which simultaneously selects variables and estimates parameters, and eventually produces a sparse estimator. The idea of penalty is due to several statisticians who in the past decade have been working on regularization problems mainly in the framework of i.i.d. (independently identically distributed) data. The extension to the time series context is not immediate since the associated limit theorems are not valid with dependent structure. In this paper, we reconstruct some of the proofs and develop the consistency results and a central limit theorem for our penalized estimator for stationary time series models. We have proved that under mild conditions our estimator is at least root-T consistent, where T is the length of the observed time series; moreover, the zero-valued parameters are identified with high probability and the non-zero ones are estimated almost as efficiently as if the true sparse model were known in advance. Therefore, if the underlying model is truly sparse, our method provides a great benefit by making efficient use of the limited data.

Our method is general in the sense that it can be applied to a large class of stationary multivariate time series models. To demonstrate the advantages of our method, we have applied it to the full-factor multivariate GARCH model (Vrontos, 2003) and developed a sparse-loading version of it. We have carried out a series of simulations and the results are consistent with our theoretical deduction. We have also applied our method to analyze the Dow Jones Industry Average component stocks, and the advantages are noticed to be substantial. Furthermore, we expect our method to be capable in assisting large covariance estimation and generate sparse covariance matrices. This will be very important because it provides a basis for clustering or sub-grouping, by which a large problem can be reasonably split into several smaller ones and so the analysis will be much simpler.


A new reactive power compensation device is designed on the basis of fixed capacitor and magnetic valve controllable reactor, and its working and compensation principles are described. Its signal acquisition module, thyristor drive module, light transmission module, keyboard and LCD display module,as well as software coding process, are discussed. To verify its compensation performance, a 10 kV grid system is constructed with MATLAB, and the power factor of the system is compensated to a set value by the proposed device. Simulation waveform of power factor compensation is given. Moreover, the proposed reactive power compensation device is tested through field simulation experiment.


In a wireless sensor network (WSN), all the sensor nodes (SNs) are severely energy constrained. Therefore, maximizing lifetime of the network is determined as the main objective in designing algorithms. In many applications of WSN, the SNs closer to the base station (sink) are overburdened as they are responsible for relaying data of the entire region to sink. Consequently, the energy of the SNs gets depleted very fast which leads to network partitioning. This phenomenon is usually called as energy hole or hotspot problem. In this paper, unequal clustering and routing algorithm is presented by considering efficient use of residual energy of the SNs as a solution for the hotspot problem. The algorithms are tested with various cases of WSN along with some existing algorithms to show the efficacy of the proposed algorithms by considering various performance metrics.


Paradoxically , the notion ofnew work organizations has a long history, in particular in the Netherlands . To understand this, it is necessary to make a distinction between the accidental experiments with new forms of work, such as team-based working, on the one hand, and the acceptance ofthese ideas among the business community at large on the other. For at least since the 1960s, team-based working has been a central issue in workplace reform and is even older as an idea. However, it took a considerable period before the concept broke through, perhaps because for a long time it had the image of good for people but bad for business. However, for the last decade or so, probablyon the wings of received understandings of highly efficient Japanese team-based organiz ations, team-based working has been and still is intensely advocated as an effective way ofworking that is sure to pay offhandsomely. The importance ofteam-based working has traditionally been stressed by proponents ofthe Dutch brand of socio-technical systems design, commonly referred to as Modem Socio-technology or MST. Emeritus professor Ulbo de Sitter, now eminence grise, is widely regarded as its founding father. As described below, MST resulted out of several decades of organizational renewal in practice and theory. First, we describe the predecessors of the modem socio-technical approach in the Netherlands , focusing on experiments in the early sixties and seventies. The next sections deal with the historical development of modem socio-technology and the current state of the art, respectively. Conclusions are drawn after discussing contempo rary theoret ical developments and MST's diffusion.


An improved method to predict conductive losses in gapped high frequency inductors is presented and used for parametrization of an equivalent small signal circuit model. The method is based on the superposition of power losses resulting from the well known one-dimensional field calculation and losses due to eddy currents caused by the fringing field of airgaps determined from new analytical 2D-field calculations. Losses due to reactive currents in the windings caused by the self capacitance are also considered An accuracy improvement of at least 50% percent compared to the known methods is proved by measurements.


The study not only looked at the decisions made by the police but also at those made by prosecution authorities. The methodology of this study was first to approach these questions in a comparative manner in relation to drug users. It involved researchers in each member state consulting with officials and experts who have a good view of practices in relation to the police, prosecution and the courts and, where statistics might be lacking, making estimations. The national experts reported also on climates of legal opinion and were asked to provide a detailed narrative description of these practices and of their relationship to the legal framework. The book contains a synthesis of the different national reports, as well as specific reports of fourteen EU countries, namely Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Finland, Sweden and England and Wales, The study came to the following three conclusions:


An uplink control channel structure in a mobile wideband wireless access system and a method allocating the same are provided to improve a ranging performance and a detection performance by removing an ICI(Inter-Carrier interference) and ISI(Inter-Symbol Interference) generated by a conventional method. An uplink control channel structure in a mobile wideband wireless access system includes a first long cyclic prefix(110), an effective symbol(120), a second long cyclic prefix(210), and an effective symbol(220). The first long cyclic prefix prevents interference distortion of an initial ranging signal or a hand-over ranging signal. The effective symbol is located next to the long cyclic prefix in a time and transmits the initial ranging signal or the hand-over ranging signal. The second long cyclic prefix is located next to the effective symbol in a time. The second long cyclic prefix prevents interference distortion of the initial ranging signal or the hand-over ranging signal and a cyclic ranging signal or a band request ranging signal. The effective symbol is located next to the second long cyclic prefix in a time. The effective symbol transmits the cyclic ranging signal or the band request ranging signal.


There have been few prospective clinical studies where the haemodynamic status of the deep venous system has been assessed objectively following an episode of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Recently, a foot plethysmograph has been developed in Sweden which allows haemodynamic changes in the venous system to be measured accurately. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the haemodynamic changes that may occur following treatment of DVT using heparin or thrombolytic therapy. 113 Patients were included in this prospective study. None of these had suffered previous DVT or had signs and symptoms of the post-phlebitic limb at the time of initial treatment. In each case the diagnosis was established by ascending phlebography. In 79 of these patients, thrombus (>5 cm) was confined to the calf veins only. Initial treatment in these patients consisted of heparin in therapeutic anticoagulant dosage (adjusted according to APTT) for 7 days. Oral anticoagulation with Warfarin was commenced on the 5th day of treatment and continued for a minimum of 3 months. The remaining 34 patients had extensive thrombosis involving femoral, popliteal and iliac veins; in 32 of these calf veins were also involved. They received streptokinase therapy for a period of 5 days; the loading dose of 500,000 IU of SK was followed by a maintenance dose of 100,000 units per hour. Thrombolytic therapy was followed by heparin for 3 days and concurrent anticoagulation with Warfarin, the latter being given for a minimum of 6 months. In both groups, ascending phlebography was repeated on the 6th or 7th day to assess the extent of lysis or propagation of the thrombus. Haemodynamic assessment by foot volumetry was performed at 6,12 and 24 months following the initial episode of DVT. 77% Of 34 patients who sustained major DVT and received SK and 16% of 79 patients with calf vein thrombosis treated with heparin had evidence of severe haemodynamic impairment equivalent to that seen in the established post phlebitic syndro.


Finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Firstly, polypropylene is assumed as a viscoelastic material, while carbon nanotubes are assumed as linear elastic materials to study the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of neat PP and CNT/PP nanocomposites. Secondly, to compare the viscoelastic properties of neat PP and CNT/PP nanocomposites, the relaxation time at a specific temperature is used to investigate the relaxation of the nanocomposites for fixed tensile displacements. Thirdly, the effect of CNT volume fraction on the viscoelastic properties of nanocomposites is studied at different temperatures. Finally, to better understand the stress distribution along the CNT axial direction, a single carbon nanotube is isolated in the matrix to compare the stress distribution with nonisolated CNTs.


The near‐surface flow over a hill with moderate slope and height comparable with the boundary‐layer depth is investigated through field measurements of the mean flow (at 2 m), surface pressure, and turbulent momentum flux divergence between 8 and 15 m. The measurements were made along an east–west transect across the hill Tighvein (height 458 m, approximate width 8 km) on the Isle of Arran, south‐west Scotland, during two separate periods, each of around three‐weeks duration. Radiosonde ascents are used to determine the variation of a Froude number, FL=U/NL, where U is the wind speed at the middle‐layer height, hm, N is the mean Brunt–Väisälä frequency below this height and L is a hill length‐scale. Measurements show that for moderately stratified flows (for which FL≳0.25) a minimum in the hill‐induced surface‐pressure perturbation occurs across the summit and this is accompanied by a maximum in the near‐surface wind speed. In the more strongly stratified case FL≲0.25 the pressure field is more asymmetric and the lee‐slope flow is generally stronger than on the windward slope. Such a flow pattern is qualitatively consistent with that predicted by stratified linear boundary‐layer and gravity‐wave theories. The near‐surface momentum budget is analysed by evaluating the dominant terms in a Bernoulli equation suitable for turbulent flow. Measurements during periods of westerly flow are used to evaluate the dominant terms, and the equation is shown to hold to a reasonable approximation on the upwind slope of the hill and also on the downwind slope, away from the summit. Immediately downwind of the summit, however, the Bernoulli equation does not hold. Possible reasons for this, such as non‐separated sheltering and flow separation, are discussed. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society


In a connector (1) comprising an insulating housing (21) for holding the contact 11, the housing is reinforced by two metal reinforcing member (41, 42). The housing, the pair of first wall portions (25, 26) and a pair of second wall portions (27,28) defining a cavity (29) square between the first wall portion together with the first wall portion to each other is formed at a distance and a. If the first wall portion, respectively, the wall between the inner surface wall that faces the rectangular cavity (25b, 26b), the wall opposite the wall inner surface an outer surface (25c, 26c), and the wall inner surface and a wall outer surface surrounding ( includes a 25a, 26a). The contact is arranged on at least one second wall portion. It said reinforcing member is disposed on the first wall portion is formed along at least one of the wall inner surface and wall outer surface.


Background: The purpose of this descriptive and comparative study conducted at the Nene Hatun Maternity Hospital was to determine the fatigue levels of postpartum women who had vaginal birth and caesaren section, after 24 hours of childbirth. Methods: Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue "VAS-F" was used to determine the fatigue levels of postpartum women. Results: It was determined that half of the postpartum women in both groups had a moderate-level fatigue. Mean score of the postpartum women with vaginal birth for fatigue was 59.5±25.2 and mean score of those, who gave caesaren section, for the fatigue was 71.2±22.8. Conclusion: According to the birth methods, the fatigue levels of the postpartum women who had vaginal birth were lower compared to those giving caesaren section, their energies were higher than the postpartum women who gave caesaren section.


Different manifestations of the psychological poverty of poor students in universities were listed in the paper. The social and psychological factors that cause these manifestations are analyzed.based on summarizing the problems and puts forward how to resolve psychological poverty and poor college students with poor psychological coping strategies.On the basis of summing up the problems,the countermeasures of how to resolve psychological poverty and poor students in Colleges and Universities was puts forward in this paper .


This article gives the new define of complex integrating factor about two dimensional differential automatic system and the new existence theorem and calculation formula.The resucts in this paper amplifies the conclusions in the relevant reference.


In this paper, we study higher order elliptic partial differential equations with variable growth, and obtain the existence of solutions in the setting of W~(m,p(x)) spaces by means of an abstract result for variational inequalities obtained by Gossez and Mustonen. Our result generalizes the corresponding one of Kovaik and Rakosnik.


tions involving community institutions. David Cameron examines monetary union as a strong illustration of the Community's shift from intergovernmental to supranational in nature. Russell Dalton and Richard Eichenberg examine the growing influence of public opinion as facilitating or inhibiting integration. Caporaso, in concluding the book, neatly extracts its principal themes by providing a discursive analysis of integration literature, focusing specifically on liberal intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism. In sum, this book provides an interesting theoretical model and important empirical studies into recent European integration. I highly recommend it to those with solid knowledge of European integration literature, as well as to those who are interested in learning from leading scholars about supranational institutions, ideas and policies of Europe today.


understories and displace the native understory flora. We examined the influence of varied irradiance on growth and photosynthetic rates of first-year garlic mustard plants. We measured the photosynthetic rates at different levels of irradiance for plants grown at ambient irradiances in a forest or garden, and in a growth chamber under one of four irradiance treatments (constant 125, 243, 469, or 1,140 Lmol m-2 s-' of PPFD). For growth chamber plants, log normal transformed shoot biomass was positively correlated with the irradiance under which the plants were grown (r2 = 0.9188, P<0.05). For all plants, maximum photosynthetic rates (AMa,) and stomatal conduction tended to be higher for plants grown under high irradiances than those grown under low irradiances. These maximum rates are similar to those of other shade-adapted species, but lower than those reported for sunadapted ruderals. This may in part explain why garlic mustard tends to be restricted to shaded or partially shaded habitats.


The way energy is used in the modern world is changing. Solar energy is outpacing other energy sources in this race for exploration for a variety of reasons. As a result, both the energy and the parameters of a solar Photovoltaic (PV) system must be constantly monitored. This study looks into several Internet of Things (IoT) based electronic modules for data processing that are used to monitor solar PV system parameters (electrical and environmental). Each technology is thoroughly examined, including its introduction, design features, communication, and limitations. Furthermore, the article analyzed several common elements of each IoT-based module, such as data processing, size, and cost, and made recommendations based on the results.


Juice was produced from two varieties of watermelon. It was pasteurized, preserved with 0.1% sodium benzoate chemical, refrigerated (4°C), stored for 7 days and was analyzed for its microbio logical qualities. Total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 1.5±0.1 log10 cfu/ml for water melon sugar baby juice (A6P), 2.0±0.1 log10 cfu/ml for water melon orangeglo juice (6AP) and control 1.2±0.15 log10 cfu/ml orange juice (PA6). Coliform counts were 1.0±0.2 log10 cfu/ml A6P, 1.5±0.05 log10 cfu/ml for 6AP, 1.0±0.03 log10 cfu/ml PA6, Staphylococcus counts were 1.0±0.13 log10 cfu/ml, 1.4±0.01 log10 cfu/ml and 1.0±0.06 log10 cfu/ml, no counts were recorded for Samonella count, while the yeast and mold counts ranged from 1.0±0.02 log10 cfu/ml A6P to 1.2±0.03 log10 cfu/ml 6AP, 1.0±0.03 log10 cfu/ml PA6. Bacteria isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Micrococcus sp while the mold isolates were Rhizopus nigrican and Mucor mucedo. The yeast isolate was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The total aerobic count does not exceed the standard of ICMSF of 10 5 cfu/ml of foods, hence combination of chemical preservation and the use of pasteurization reduces the microbial load to the minimal and thus makes it shelf stable.


Dichotomy in education merely aims at creating a system for compartmentalization or restrictions on practitioners in the world of education, differentiating between religious with general education, state-based with private-based schools, centralistic education and independent self-reliance in a policy, as well as in terms of facilities and resources, employment, and human resources. As a form of embodiment in fostering education for moral values and moral character, education on Islamic religion at school is crucial to form good personality of students who have a fundamental principle of carrying out the commands of Islamic law and avoiding being prohibited, and implementing the value of worship in daily activities vertical in nature with the creator and horizontal fellow humans with courtesy and ethics. The method in this paper is the result of a critical analysis of some phenomena in the world of education in Indonesia and took several references, articles, journals by concluding that there is a dichotomy between the majority of Islamic religious education and public education as the majority of people as steak holders. between these differences without them know about such issues. The author formulates with a title: Dichotomy in Islamic and General Education in Indonesia.


Due to the increased use of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) and the constant urge for lighter structures, adhesive bonding as an assembly technology has a great potential for highloaded structures in the aeronautic industry. A pre requisite for such an application is that the bond quality of the adhesive joint can be controlle d in a non destructive way. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods exist for the characterisatio n of defects like pores, delamination or debonding in adhesive bonds. However, these NDT methods for conventional "defectoscopy" do not allow the control of selected physic-chemical p roperties of the adherend surface and the adhesive joint, which are decisive for the mechanic al performance of the adhesive bonds. This lack is an obstacle to a wider deployment of adhesi ve bonding technology. For this reason, the scope of NDT methods has been widened by Airbus and Fraunhofer IZFP towards "propertyscopy" as new field of technology that has been named 'Extended NDT'. This presentation highlights the most important use cases and requirements for Extended NDT in the field of adhesive bonding of CFRP structures. Moreover, on these bases recent results from research and development and feasibili ty studies of Extended NDT are presented. Among these methods, the approach of proof test methods including laser adhesion test, based on high intensity short laser pulse will be presented. These laser adhesion tests generate an elastic shock wave that disbonds the weak adhesive bonds, making the defect visible for other NDT techniques (thermography, US scan, etc...) and so, aim at ensuring the quality of optimal adhesive bonds.


Abtract: This research aimed to develop student's worksheet on learning mathematics of building a flat side space with GeoGebra assisted to facilitate valid, practical, and effective Visual Thinking capabilities. This type of research is development research conducted through preliminary research stage, prototyping stage, and assessment phase. The results showed that LKPD and GeoGebra supported mathematics learning media developed were in valid category. Based on the results of experiments conducted, it is found that learning tools have fulfilled the aspect of practicality. This can be seen from: 1) the implementation of learning in the limited trial is classified as practical and the implementation of learning in small group categorical testing is very practical; 2) the use of LKPD in learning mathematics developed in terms of learners' responses pertained practical. The developed LKPD has also fulfilled the effectiveness aspects seen from the Visual Thinking ability test of learners.


As the evenings grow longer, and we spend more time outside during the summer, we often see bats flitting around at dusk. Those that have swimming pools, or frequent their favorite swimming hole as the sun goes down, will no doubt have a story about bats swooping down to take a drink, inevitably scaring the human swimmers out of the water. We are afraid of bats – because they look strange, we don't want to get bit, or because of pop culture. But is there any real reason for us to have a healthy fear of bats?


Today one of the most important damage that threatens the social new order in the bureaucratic and administrative is the issue of corruption and administrative chaos that in front of the office health is considered as one of the most basic concern of executive authorities. Administrative system in any society is the executive arm of the political system in that community and its true or false Performance can sustain the political system or put it away from legitimacy. The fundamental attention to the administrative system in each society and exact pathology (administrative corruption) can be a great help to the policy makers of that community in which with timely diagnosis, they think about required solutions. In this context, this study sought to examine the affecting organizational factors relationship on the administrative health in fiscal affairs of organization in South Khorasan. Due to the nature of this study and according to the intended purpose, this study in terms method is correlation type and from purpose view is a practical one. A questionnaire was used to collect data and obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical analysis methods. The validity of a questionnaire designed was approved by the expert opinions and professors in the relevant organization. Cranach's alpha of the questionnaire was 78/0 that confirmed its reliability. Finally, the relationship between determined organizational factors and health administrative was approved and the effectiveness of each of these factors was identified using regression methods.


The ferric and hydroxy alterations information in the investigated area was extracted from ETM+ data by PCA.The alteration information of serpentinization,chloritization,kaolinizatin and so on in the investigated area was extracted from ASTER data.By matching the measured spectroscopic data of peridotite and saxonite with the remote sensing images,the information of peridotite and saxonite in the investigated area was extracted.The serpentine,chlorite and its chromite information was extracted from HIS hyperspectral data.The extracted remote sensing alteration data revealed that the alterations in the investigated area present with the features of spreading in NW direction,and spreading to and over the eastern periphery,Meanwhile,the lithological characteristics and structure information extracted from ALOS data discovered that alterations mainly occur in peridotite and saxonite,and that is the major petrological characteristics for occurrence of chromite ore.There is a line-ring structures crossing area in the SE part of the investigated area,and it offers a quite favorable place for mineral concentration.According to the comprehensive analysis of the alterations,structures and lithological characteristics,it was concluded that the structure concentration zones coincide with the strong alteration areas in peridotite and saxonite,the line-ring structures crossing area,and the internal part of ring structures are the key exploration targets in the investigated area.


The magnetic behaviour of the quasi-one-dimensional system CsFeCl3.2aq(aq=H2O, D2O) has been investigated by heat capacity measurements, quasi-elastic neutron scattering and spin-cluster resonance. the experiments demonstrate that below 25K the compound is a very good realisation of an (S=1/2) Ising system. The temperature dependence of the spin correlations within the chains above TN can also be described in terms of a classical spin model, based upon the full spin (S=2) of the Fe2+ ions.


simulation; Gaussian function; historical earthquakes. Abstract—In the paper a statistical method is built up for simulating the propagation of the seismic signal over the territory. If the basic data relevant to some ground motions really occurred in a region, as i.e. the epicenter intensity and location, the site intensity, the magnitude value, the time duration, the occurrence period, the peak acceleration, etc., are known the probability density function of the seismic intensity at site can be solved by the statistical elaboration of the recorded data. After building the seismic intensity function the propagation of the signal over territory can be simulated for some expected earthquakes. A sample of the method was developed for an Italian area by statistically elaborating the data relevant to a series of historical earthquakes and has shown a good correspondence with the real seismic propagation in the area.


Introduction: Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification, assessment and treatment of pain, and other problems – physical, psychosocial, and spiritual.
Objective: The goal of Moments of Life: Made Possible by Hospice "SAMVEDANA" is to make aware the public about the choices we all have when facing a life-limiting illness and start having benefit of it to reduce their agony.
The Aim is "To put life into their days and not just days into their life" - The idea is to help the person have a meaningful life, not just to live somehow till deaths concerned with quality of life.
Materials and Methods: This was achieved with a study of 21 patients attended day care hospice during three- month study period. McGill quality of life questionnaire, and a new measure of patient satisfaction with hospice care were used.
Result: All patients were getting appropriate psychosocial and spiritual support in addition to the medical / nursing interventions.
Palliative care at Hospice Samvedana Affirms:
1.        Life and regards dying as a normal process.
2.        Neither hastens nor postpones death.
3.        Provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms.
4.        Is a team approach.
5.        Is individual specific – depends on assessment of patient and family needs.
6.        Shifts emphasis from technology to people – "high touch-low tech".
7.        Is a partnership between the patient & the team.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that satisfaction with hospice care was associated with quality of life more than symptoms. Patients can assess their care and can provide valuable information for improving palliative care.
Training of medical officers and health care professionals, and sensitization of the public through awa


AI NeRF algorithms, capable of cloud processing, have significantly reduced hardware requirements and processing efficiency in photogrammetry pipelines. This accessibility has unlocked the potential for museums, charities, and cultural heritage sites worldwide to leverage mobile devices for artifact scanning and processing. However, the adoption of augmented reality platforms often necessitates the installation of proprietary applications on users' mobile devices, which adds complexity to development and limits global availability. This paper presents a case study that demonstrates a cost-effective pipeline for visualizing scanned museum artifacts using mobile augmented reality, leveraging an open-source embedded solution on a website.


This article portrays a scene of female conditions in the Amazon from the colonial period to the 20th century with the establishment of the free zone of Manaus. It starts by an analysis of the myth of the "exo-tic" and "India willing" to satisfy the lasciviousness of the white man. It discuss the structured vision for representations of the "woman with syringe", the wife of European standard to marry and the poor woman responsible for the existence of immorality. After that, follow analysis of the period of the free zone of Manaus, where women have experienced sexism in the industrial labour market that reveal the Organiza-tion of women's movements at the pole. This analysis allowed us to understand that variations in women's conditions in the Amazon, fragments of the story of Amazon women under the bias of gender roles rela-ting to the idea of feminist authors, and register the contribution of women in the region to development and territorial autonomy.


Objective To study the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on nutritional status and immunity for the patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and to evaluate whether the administration of immunonutrition could reduce the rate of postoperative complication and thus shorten the days of postoperative hospitalization. Methods Sixty patients with different gastrointestinal cancer were randomized to receive either immunonutrition (containing Arginine, RNA and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for 7 days before surgery (EN, n=30) or a conventional diet (CONT, n=30). Variables of nutritional status and immunity, postoperative complications, infection and the days of postoperative hospitalization were measured. Results There were no significant differences in the immunological and nutritional variables between two groups before surgery. The serum concentrations of prealbumin(PALB) and transferrin(TRF) were lower than those before surgery in the CONT group on postoperative day 3 (P0.01). TRF level was still significantly lower than that before surgery in the CONT group on postoperative day 7. PALB level was significantly lower than that before surgery in the EN group on postoperative day 3. Levels of PALB and TRF in EN group were significantly higher than those in CONT group on postoperative day 7(P0.05). The level of alexin was significantly lower than that before surgery in CONT group while there were no significant postoperative changes in EN group, and also significantly higher than that in CONT group (P0.05). Postoperative IgG level in EN group was higher than that in CONT group[(13.35±2.06) g/L vs (9.59±2.23) g/L, P0.05]. CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in EN group than that in CONT group(2.10+0.51 vs 1.62+0.52, P0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications and infection was significantly lower and the number of days of postoperative hospitalization was significantly decreased in EN group than those in CONT group. Conclusions Preoperative enteral immunonutrition in patients with gastrontestinal cancer can improve the patients' nutritional status and immunity, and decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and infection.


The article provides data on the effectiveness of the use of the drug in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs. The drug is an extract of Pelargonium sidoides. From the standpoint of modern pharmacology, it is known that the use of natural products based on plant materials ensures safety and the absence of pronounced side effects. The main active ingredients of pelargonium are phenolic compounds: coumarins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The article details the biochemical and pharmacological properties of each of the above groups of compounds. It has been shown that the presence of several classes of phenolic compounds simultaneously contributes to the potentiation of the pharmacological effects of each group separately. Therefore, drug has a pronounced polytropic effect: antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective. The article presents the results of numerous domestic and foreign randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in children over 1 year old. On the basis of the analyzed and presented material, the authors concluded that the use of a natural-based drug in the treatment of acute respiratory infection is effective and safe, both as monotherapy and in combination with other medicinal substances. He is able to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of inflammation, but also to support the body with any ailments of this type.


Measurements of tacrolimus concentration after organ transplantation are accepted methods to guide adjustments in drug doses. The aim of this study was to determine tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability early after liver transplantation. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained at days one or two after surgery. Blood samples obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10 h after oral dosing and were analyzed using a microparticle enzyme-immunoassay. The results of median dose-equalised tacrolimus concentrations during one dosage interval demonstrated a 10to >100-fold range of values in pharmacokinetic variables exemplified by a 31-fold range of AUC (mean, 40.1 μg.h/L; range, 4.2-124 μg.h/L). There was a delayed absorption peak (mean; 2.2 h, range; 0.1-13 h), continued drug accumulation and an overall approximation to a single compartment model. Examination of the frequency distributions within the entire population of liver recipients indicated a bimodality which further analysis related to aetiology of disease. We conclude that an acute or chronic indication for transplantation appears to be a major determinant of inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters and leads to differences consistent with the bimodal distributions in AUC (p = 0.004), Cmax (p = 0. 003) and Cmin (p = 0.007).


Discoloration of electrodeposited gold on TO-5 headers after a 500°C bake has been evaluated by measuring reflected light. This method, in conjunction with ultrasonic bonding and a destructive wire pull test, has been used to establish parts bond- ability. Correlation has been found between the variation in reflectivity and bond pull strength.


The supply chain is a scapegoat for the fluctuation price of beef. This research was intended to find out whether the supply chain triggers the main increase of beef prices as assumed by various parties. This qualitative descriptive study found that there were three supply chain pathways with the shortest chain that was a producer to consumer. The longest chain were suppliers, producers, consumers, and two intermediaries (blantik and retailer). Long and short of supply chain did not impact on selling prices to consumers and only affected the number of producer profits. Fluctuations in beef prices should not be based on the supply chain because the supply chain is a bridge at the limitations of the parties in the supply chain. There are other determinants that can be the focus of solutions for controlling beef prices.


The first full-scale phosphate removal plant is nearly one year in operation. Values of 0.5 mg/l P or less are possible. No extra surplus sludge is produced, but a relatively small amount of waterfree pellets, which can be reused in the phosphate processing industry.


This paper presents a case study with the objective of understanding the cooperative relationship between the enterprise networks in the Tech Town Condominium, located in the municipality of Hortolândia, which belongs to metropolitan region of Campinas, Brazil. This study focuses on the main challenges and opportunities for the development of a major software producer and services provider center based on the global network concept. The results point to the fact that although the condominium was created with the goal to form a technopole, its enterprises are part of global networks and do not effectively contribute to learning and innovation processes of local enterprises.


This paper shows that spontaneous network activity is present in a neuronal–glial network in the form of patterns that have the same character of the oscillations and synchronous switching of the generation regimes of all the patterns by recording the fluorescence of specific indicators for visualizing the dynamics of the calcium oscillations in cell cultures and culture sections of the hippocampus of the brain.


This stud y was cond ucted  on na tive a lmond cultiva rs in Vezirkopru. The 25 native almond cultivars were selected through about 250 almond cultivars. A result of this study was conducted cultivars ( 55 VK 03, 55 VK 06 and 55 VK 07) that normal flowering and cultivars (55 VK 13, 55 VK 17 and 55 VK 18) that late flowering . . i n these cultivars percentage of kernel were 24.4 %, 26.O %, 23.8 %, 23.7 , %, 21.2 % and 26.6 %; the percentage of doubles were 10 %, 0.5 %, O. 8 %, 1 O %, O. 8 % and 1O %, respectively . .


Cation radicals of tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, cis- and trans-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl ether have been produced for the first time in ..gamma..-irradiated solid solutions of trichlorofluoromethane. The hyperfine splitting constants of axial protons adjacent to the ethereal oxygen are found to be as large as 90 to 100 G for the cyclic ethers. The spectral changes observed on temperature elevation toward the melting point of the freon matrix are accounted for in terms of ring puckering, and the activation energy is estimated as 1.65 kcal/mol. The cation radicals undergo ion-molecule reactions to produce neutral radicals of the parent ether molecules.


In this paper, we analyse econometrically the Finnish inventory to value added ratios (i.e., inventory intensities) within manufacturing and two subcategories, the wood and paper industry and manufacture of electrical products. The focus is on the period 1980–2009. In addition to revealing the statistically significant break points in the inventory intensity, we estimate the numbers, timings and magnitudes of the structural breaks. After determining the break points, we connect them to transaction, buffering and speculative motives for holding inventories. The properties of the break points observed suggest that the motives continue to play a role in modern small open economies and, therefore, they can be utilised by managers when trying to forecast the behaviour of inventories.


Deng Xiaoping's French years, Genevieve Barman, Nicole Dulioust. ; Between 1920 and 1925, Deng Xiaoping lived in France for nearly five years. He had corne to study but had to work in a factory. He discovered the Chinese communist movement and little by little became one of its main leaders in France. These French years, heretofore imperfectly known, were thus decisive in the itinerary of this young bourgeois — barely more than a teenager. Through a careful and detailed study, the authors retrace their hazards and main lines within the framework of a more general study of the Chinese worker-student milieu in France.


Retirement is usually a period of major changes in the lives of public servants. Most times, some people see such changes as devastating and traumatic. In this study, public servants' perception of retirement and their attitude towards pre-retirement counselling was surveyed. A representative sample of 1200 civil servants was selected using purposive sampling approach. Responses were elicited from them using a self-structured questionnaire to test one major proposition that guided the study. Data analysis were carried out using one-way ANOVA and tested at 0.05 alpha levels. Results of the study showed that civil servants' perception of retirement significantly influence their attitude towards pre-retirement counselling with respect to income and expenditure management, health related issues, management of loneliness and change in physical environment. It was recommended among other things that pre-retirement seminars and workshops should be organized for civil servants on a regular basis to prepare them for life at retirement.


We have been studying Cloud HNS, which is a new type of home network system using the cloud. In this paper, we consider value-added services that can be provided by introducing a smart TV as an appliance of Cloud HNS. First, we discuss requirements, role and benefits of a smart TV in the integration with Cloud HNS. Then, we propose concrete scenarios of value-added services achieved by the integration.


Photothermal therapy of tumors has become an important method. In recent years, the method has been widely studied in tumor therapy, and the corresponding results has been obtained well. However, it is still not been solved the effects of the heat on the tumor and its surrounding tissues, and the temperature control in corresponding tissues during the treatment process. In our study, the mouse skin was chosen as the research object. Infrared thermal imager and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were combined to monitor the photothermal therapy in real time in vivo. Temperature and morphological structure were obtained during the photothermal therapy process. The results will provide effective guidance for the photothermal therapy of tissue.


SDE-GC/MS was used to explore the effect of antioxidants on volatile flavor components of Sichuan traditional bacon during chilling storage at 5 ℃.The results showed that freshly prepared Sichuan traditional bacon contained 67 volatile components;the number of volatile components varied to 75,64 and 63 after 120 d of storage with treatments A(vacuum packaging),B(addition of 0.4 g/kg tea polyphenols and then vacuum packaging) and C(addition of 0.5 g/kg sodium D-isoascorbate and then vacuum packaging),respectively.The number of phenols,hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds changed from 56 to 55,45 and 44 with a relative content change from 69.44% to 59.30%,60.51% and 61.87%,respectively.The relative content of phenols as the major flavor components changed from 34.43% to 24.26%,28.06% and 33.41%,respectively.The relative contents of phenol,phenol,2-methoxy,2-methoxy-5-methylphenol,nonanal,acetyl furan,3-furanmethanol and benzaldehyde after B and C treatments were higher than those in the samples subjected to A treatment.Therefore,antioxidants can significantly inhibit the reduction of characteristic flavor substances in bacon during chilling storage.


As one of the regimes subject to dramatic changes in lower Jingjiang reach,Jianli reach is to see a more obvious erosion and deposition adjustment due to reduced release of sediment after the operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP).In this paper,the possible erosion and deposition of riverbed and regime change in Jianli reach during the initial operation stage of TGP were computed and studied using a 2-dimensional mathematic model of flow and sediment.The study showed that the overall regime changed slightly,while there were drastic erosion and deposition of riverbed as well as deepened scour depth of the cross-section.In addition,parts of the bank section and the right edge of Wugui sandbar declined and collapsed,and the left branch of Wugui sandbar shrinked while the right branch expanded,and the point bar of new sandbar was showing a tendency of being cut-off.


Introduction. The reasons for the return of the criminal to the scene of the crime are analyzed using the plot of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", based on the theories of Freudianism and reflexology. The episode in that Rodion Raskolnikov returns to the crime scene became the reason for the author's long years of reflection on the criminal's behavior mechanisms.The purpose of the study is to conduct a psychological analysis of Raskolnikov's behavior when he returns to the crime scene through the theories of Z. Freud and A.V. Dulov.The methodology. The author uses reflexology theories of I.P. Pavlov, V.M. Bekhterev, I.M. Sechenov, A.A. Ukhtomsky, the theory of person's relations of V.N. Myasishchev, the theory of A.V. Dulov, the theory of Z. Freud, principles of systemacity, unity of consciousness and activity, causality, pleasure-displeasure, content analysis of Dostoevsky's novel. The author uses empirical observations based from his own practical work in law enforcement.The main results, scope of application. An analysis of the determinants of the return to the crime scene of the main character of the novel "Crime and Punishment" through the psychoanalysis and reflexology was being undertaken for the first time. Based on the theory of A.V. Dulov about the impact of criminal activity on the increase in the mental stress of the criminal and guided by the theory of Z. Freud on the principle of pleasure-displeasure the author demonstrates on the example of Raskolnikov's behavior that one of the reasons for the return of the criminal to the crime scene is the need to relieve mental stress determined by the consequences of the crime and getting pleasure from the discharge of an overstrained nervous system. This research is important both for theory and for law enforcement practice. The psychological analysis of criminal behavior outlined in the article will allow employees whose profession is related to solving crimes to look into criminal's inner world, to predict the consequences of the crime that can be expressed in return of the criminal to the crime scene.Conclusions. The analysis of Rodion Raskolnikov's criminal behavior shows the psychological and criminological nature of the Dostoevsky's novel. It can be argued that in the active activity of the criminal, after the commission of a crime, there is both a conscious and unconscious search for a mental discharge of an overstressed nervous system.


A digital holographic method for simultaneous measurement of the displacement and its spatial derivatives is described. In this method, two holograms are first recorded in the undeformed and deformed states of the specimen; then two object waves related to the two states of the specimen are numerically reconstructed. The phase maps of the displacement and its derivatives can be generated simultaneously from these two reconstructed object waves with a numerical method. This proposed method offers a simple experimental setup, flexibility in handing the data, and high quality of phase maps.


Mechanisms of the reactions of CF 3 OO and CF 3 O radicals with NO 2 have been studied using the long path FTIR method in the visible (λ≥400 nm) photolysis of CF 3 NO in the presence of excess NO 2 (in mTorr range) in 700 Torr of air at 297±2 K. In the early stage of the photolysis, the predominant F-containing product detected was CF 3 OONO 2 formed via the addition reaction CF 3 OO+NO 2 (+M)↔CF 3 OONO 2 (+M)


Howdy readers! There are so many updates here in Special Collections. As of late, I, and the other interns, have received cataloguing training from Kate and Carolyn and soon I will begin cataloguing the pamphlet collection. Also, I have continued work on a finding guide for the Lillian Quinn letter collection. [excerpt]


The quality attributes of beef longissimus lumborum during 15 d of retail display were assessed using surface bioelectrical impedance analysis (S-BIA) and internal bioelectrical impedance analysis (I-BIA). Beef loins (N = 18) were obtained from 3 commercial processors with 3 postmortem (PM) ages (27, 34, and 37 d). Loins were fabricated into twelve 2.54-cm-thick steaks, subdivided into 6 consecutively cut pairs, and randomly assigned to one of 6 display days (DD): 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15. Steaks were assessed for S-BIA and I-BIA. Three locations were analyzed within each steak: top, middle, and bottom. Microbiological analysis, BIA, pH, instrumental color, proximate composition, and lipid oxidation were measured. There was a location × PM day × DD interaction (P < 0.05) for longissimus lumborum steaks for S-BIA. Among all 3 locations, steaks aged 27 d had higher (P < 0.05) S-BIA values on day 9 and 12 than steaks aged 34 and 37 d. There were no location × PM day × DD or two-way interactions (P > 0.05) for I-BIA. Display day affected (P < 0.05) all instrumental color data regardless of PM aging times. Among all PM aging times, steaks aged 27 d were 13% and 7% higher for a* and b* , respectively, compared with 34 and 37 d PM. There was a PM day × DD interaction (P < 0.05) for aerobic plate counts (APC). From day 0 and 9 of display, APC of steaks aged 27 d PM were 1 to 2.0 log colony-forming units/cm 2 lower than steaks aged 34 and 37 d. Quality attributes, including a*, b* , APC, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, were correlated (r = 0.70, − 0.64, − 0.56, and 0.69, respectively) with S-BIA. Overall, BIA values increased on aerobically packaged longissimus lumborum steaks and were correlated with various freshness quality parameters.


This paper discusses a method for reducing cogging torque and harmonic content of back-electromotive force (EMF) waveforms in modulated pole machines (MPMs). Tooth pitching is applied to a separate phase MPM in order to reduce the most prominent harmonics present in a three-phase MPM's cogging torque. Experimental results show that the application of tooth pitching to these machines can reduce the cogging torque and back-EMF harmonics significantly. This comes without a significant impact to the useful output of the machine, which is confirmed by the comparison of measured results for two prototypes. Such a technique can be easily applied to existing machine designs without the need for extra components and for the same production cost.


The role of historical-methodological knowledge in teaching physics to students of is natural-scientific specialties of university comes to light. Attempt of a substantiation of the uniform approach to formation of system of methodological knowledge of the students studying natural sciences is undertaken.


Wireless power transfer (WPT) is expected to spread around the world. WPT has two types, one is magnetic induction and another is magnetic resonant coupling (MRC). In magnetic induction, the amount of received power is determined by the transfer distance and the amount of magnetic flux through receiving coil. Therefore in transferring power to multiple receivers at each fixed transfer distance, power is transferred to all of the receiving coils through which magnetic flux passes. It is the problem that power may be distributed to the other receivers. This paper proposes transferring power to only one of various receivers by using MRC, selective WPT. In MRC, since a receiver is coupled to a transmitter by the resonant frequency, one receiver is distinguished from the others by the frequency. Experimental results represented the success of selective WPT. This proposal is useful for transferring power to one appropriate receiver independently of other receivers.


The effects of irradiation with Ge/sup +/ and Ar/sup +/ ions at elevated temperatures on the relaxation behavior of pseudomorphic Si/sub 0.79/Ge/sub 0.21//Si heterostructures have been compared. It was found the strain relaxation in the structures implanted with Ge/sup +/ at 400/spl deg/C started already upon implantation, post-implantation thermal annealing of this sample resulted in considerably higher degree of relaxation than that in control (non-implanted) samples as well as in samples implanted with Ar/sup +/ both at 230 and 4000/spl deg/C and with Ge/sup +/ at 230/spl deg/C. This result points to a dramatic influence of both the implantation temperature and ion species on relaxation behavior of the ion-irradiated heterostructure. Two possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed.


Non Performing Assets (NPA) is continuing its phenomenal growth in quantum as an uncontrollable virus in the Indian Banking System. The percentage of growth in NPA over the years are sending distressing signals to the stakeholders, especially the Reserve Bank of India, who controls the whole spectrum of banking activity in India. All the Banks in India are continuing their war against NPAs 12 months a year as a ritual, but ultimately result in the ever increasing growth in figures over the years. Government has been trying to address the problem with very positive steps like, establishment of Debt Recovery Tribunals ( DRT) as well as implementation of SARFAESI Act 2002 in letter and spirit , that too of late, with the intervention of Courts for taking possession of the secured assets to be handed over to the Bank .Still the figures are showing a northward trend, in the case of growth of NPA in almost all the Banks. At this juncture it is worthwhile to go beyond the known causes of NPA to some unknown/unnoticed causes in order to get more insight to really understand the problem. This article attempts to understand and highlight some of the issues/facts which can be attributed as some of the main causes for the increasing NPA. It is a fact that NPA cannot be eliminated, but can only be contained. Now NPAs are contained by each Bank as a matter of compulsion, at a heavy cost of provisioning and write off. The authors are trying to find out whether addition of fresh NPAs can be prevented at least to a certain extent by isolating some unknown/hidden facts behind every NPA account, and bring it to the attention of the stake holders for corrective action. This is presented as a concept paper even though the subject of study was done among a group of Bank officials dealing with NPAs for a long time. A structured research was not envisaged in the study as it was not possible to get honest written responses from these officials and so most of the opinions were gathered from informal talk with them by the authors. So the paper is presented as an analysis of facts collected from these officials and so statistical research techniques are not required. Some of the findings/facts are able to throw light for future research/critical study.


OBJECTIVE:To study the expressions of P-selectin and nm23 protein in lung cancer and their correlation with tumor metastasis. METHODS: P-selectin and nm23 protein in 20 cases of paracancerous tissues and 76 cases of lung cancer tissues were examined by the immunohistochemical technique.RESULTS: The expression of P-selectin had no correlation with histological subtypes and histological grades, χ2=0.308,P=0.857. The expression rate of P-selectin in tumor with lymph node metastasis (62.00%) was significantly higher than that in tumor without lymph node metastasis (34.62%), χ2=5.415,P=0.023, and the expression rate in Stage Ⅲ (71.43%) or Stage Ⅳ (82.35%) was significantly higher than that in Stage Ⅰ(23.81%)or Stage Ⅱ (35.29%), χ2=17.000, P=0.000. The expression of nm23 protein had no correlation with histological subtypes, histological grades and TNM staging, χ2=2.952,P=0.086, and there was no significant difference between paracancerous tissues and lung cancer tissues, χ2=1.868, P=0.172. The expression rate in tumor with lymph node metastasis (60.00%) was significantly lower than that in tumor without lymph node metastasis (88.46%), χ2=6.566,P=0.010.CONCLSUSIONS: Over expression of P-selectin correlates with invasiveness and metastasis of lung cancer. Protein nm23 takes part in prohibiting lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. There is a significant correlation between overexpression of P-selectin and low expression of nm23.


Abstract : The report is a tabulation of physical and chemical oceanographic observations made at various locations in Puget Sound and its approaches by the University of Washington, Department of Oceanography, using the research vessels MV Brown Bear, Hoh, ONAR and chartered boat KANDU. The observations were made during the two-year period from January 1964 through December 1965. Charts show the positions of stations sampled. Values for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic phosphate, as determined by use of accepted oceanographic procedures, are given at selected depths from the surface to the bottom. (Author)


Glenn Bowman is a social anthropologist currently completing a doctorate on Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land for St. John's College, Oxford University. His fieldwork in Jerusalem, Israel and the Occupied Territories took place between October 1983 and June 1985. I was still in the field when Jonathan Webber's 'Religions in the Holy Land: Conflicts of Interpretation' appeared in the April 1985 issue of ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY. It is an odd article to read on returning from the Old City of Jerusalem to Oxford, in large part because Webber's Jerusalem and the one I have been observing for the past two years seem worlds apart. Webber's Jerusalem is one still dominated by the ageold dhimmi system wherein identity is dictated by religious affiliation and contact between different confessional groups is restricted to melees over the sanctity of their respective holy places: The business of each of the old native populations of Jerusalem is to manufacture and maintain its set of holy places, and to codify and organize perceptions of events and the existence of other communities according to that fundamental principle... religious communities in Jerusalem talk past each other [and] refuse to take each other into account... Other communities merely offer members of any one particular group the opportunity to state and restate their own distinctiveness versus the rest. Hence the spectacle of inter-communal violence... (pp 5-6).


This study aims to explore the meaning of Financial Accounting Standard for MSMEs perspective of MSMEs actors at Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted on MSMEs in Batu City using 4 selected MSMEs as object and informant which representing the exhibition in Dubai 2020. Data collection method by interviewing those informants and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The results shows that SAK EMKM is various interpretations by MSMEs actors which some usefull and not. MSMEs actors interpret that SAK EMKM as the Helper God, as antique, as increase the workload. One of the MSMEs actors considers SAK MSME to be a God of Help during the economic crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic because increasing demand and SAK EMKM helpful for provide financial statements with SAK EMKM as qualify banks require for additional loan for business capital. The  other, think that SAK EMKM as Antiques in huge loss business condition. The last, SAK EMKM is considered to increase the workload. MSME actors only think about producing and marketing their products, so financial reporting just takes more time and workload. The difference perspective was caused by level of their educational background


The stochastic convergence amongst Mexican Federal entities is analyzed in panel data framework. The joint consideration of cross-section dependence and multiple structural breaks is required to ensure that the statistical inference is based on statistics with good statistical properties. Once these features are accounted for, evidence in favour of stochastic convergence is found. Since stochastic convergence is a necessary, yet insufficient condition for convergence as predicted by economic growth models, the paper also investigates whether -convergence process has taken place. We found that the Mexican states have followed either heterogeneous convergence patterns or divergence process throughout the analyzed period.


Determination of an optimal departure schedule is the key issue for a successful staged emergency evacuation for reducing unnecessary network congestion and decreasing the evacuation clearance time. However, flow-related stochastic events, such accidents and short-term traffic breakdowns, bring numerous challenges for developing a reliable evacuation plan with an optimal departure schedule. In order to assist the decision makers for evaluating potential planning risks, this study proposes a modeling framework and a corresponding solution approach that incorporates flow-related accidents and breakdowns into a staged emergency evacuation model. A bi-level stochastic programming problem is formulated. In the upper level, we introduce planning risk by using Mean-Mean Absolute Deviation (Mean-MAD), which is a common measure employed for risk-averse planning. In the lower level, System Optimum Dynamic Traffic Assignment (SO-DTA) formulation, proposed in [16], is modified as a tool for quantifying the performance of the proposed multistage stochastic traffic assignment approach. The applicability of the proposed framework and solution approach is illustrated by a numerical example designed to depict salient features of the proposed risk-based planning methodology.


The problem of direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation for wideband source signals utilizing the cyclostationarity property is addressed.A new algorithm which filters the noise and interferences by using the cyclostationarity property is presented.A multiscale array geometry is used which can produce high quality but unambiguous DOA solutions by fusing two sets of DOA estimates.The new algorithm does not require two-dimensional search and has low computational complexity.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm.


The histories of pediatrics and vaccinology are linked, for most primary attempts at vaccinating against smallpox during the 18th century involved children. Today, of course, vaccinations form a universal and essential part of preventative medicine for the very young. Commonly hailed as a "discovery" or a "medical breakthrough," the first vaccinations against smallpox with cowpox were really a development from variolation (inoculation with smallpox itself), a technique popularized among the English gentry as "The Inoculation" in the early 1700s by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The later introduction of cowpox avoided potential hazards of variolation, which sometimes resulted in death or the transmission of smallpox into areas where it was previously absent.

The story that Dr Edward Jenner was the first to vaccinate in 1796 is one of the best-known medical myths,1,2 yet this misinformation is still presented in the media and most popular history books. Jenner was preceded nearly one-quarter of a century before by the Dorset farmer Benjamin Jesty, who vaccinated his wife Elizabeth, along with his 2 sons, Robert (age 3 years) and Benjamin (age 2 years), in the spring of 1774.3–8 Jesty was born in the village of Yetminster, Dorset, England. He became a dairy farmer and was a member of the Yetminster Vestry. His duties included arranging for health care of the poor. He would have known the local physicians and apothecaries personally, and he understood the risks of variolation. Jesty had experienced cowpox first-hand as an occupational disease in his youth. He was aware of …

Address correspondence to Patrick J. Pead, MSc, FIBMS, FHA, 34 Barker Close, Fishbourne, Chichester, West Sussex PO18 8BJ UK. E-mail: pjpead{at}yahoo.co.uk


As parents' socioeconomic condition considerably affects their children's health, in the present paper, parents' education and its relation with their lifestyle, including breast feeding, nutrition, supplement intake, smoking, and personal hygiene, are studied. Parents' behavior is an important factor in affecting children's health status. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted using a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire. A total of 600 anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the children's parents in primary schools in Tehran, Iran, of which 62% were returned. Responses showed that 89.2% of mothers had breastfeeding and 69% of children had suitable nutrition. Additionally, the study result indicated a significant correlation between parents' education and children's personal hygiene. There was a significant relation between parents' education and parents' smoking as well. Furthermore, there was a significant relation between mothers' education and supplement intake in their children. Therefore, parents' education and health literacy are the main factors in children's health that should be addressed by policymakers.


Abstract : In the Handbook we intend to cover the breadth and depth of Al, presenting general overviews of the scientific issues, as well as detailed discussions of particular techniques and important Al systems. Throughout we have tried to keep in mind the reader who is not a specialist in Al. As the cost of computation continues to fall, new areas of application of computers become potentially viable. For many of these areas, there do not exist mathematical 'cores' to structure calculational use of the computer. Such areas will inevitably be served by symbolic models and symbolic inference techniques. Yet those who understand symbolic computation have been speaking largely to themselves for twenty years. We feel that it is urgent for Al to 'go public' in the manner intended by the Handbook. Several other writers have recognized a need for more widespread knowledge of Al and have attempted to help fill the vacuum. Lay reviews, in particular Margaret Boden's Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man, have tried to explain what is important and interesting about Al, and how research in Al progresses through our programs. In addition, there are a few textbooks that attempt to present a more detailed view of selected areas of Al, for the serious student of computer science. But no textbook can hope to describe all of the sub-areas, present brief explanations of the important ideas and techniques, and review the 40 or 50 most important Al systems.


Study the desertion of Qusao Tradition in Tang and Song periods,and discover the process and significance of the establishment of emotional feature of Song poetry.The process includes 3 aspects: fading of fancy,pasifying of resentment,abandonment of sadness,which respectively echoes resistance of fancy,resentment and sadness.The significance of the process above is that the classic lyric poetry has lost the ability to open new realms.


A page layout segmentation algorithm for locating text, background and halftone areas is presented. The algorithm has been implemented on Splash 2 { an FPGA based array processor. The synthesis speed as determined by the Xilinx synthesis tools projects the applications speed of 5 MHz. For documents of size 1,024 1,024 pixels, a signiicant speedup in the range of 250 has been achieved.


In the early years of the New Poor Law, workhouses were explicitly prohibited from serving roast beef and plum pudding to inmates. Historians have recently begun to focus increased attention on the cultural meanings invested in specific food products and the politics of their production, distribution, and consumption. Unpacking the contentious disputes between local and central Poor Law authorities over the provision of roast beef to workhouse inmates similarly reorients the discussion of the pauper diet to address, not the amount or quality of food provided, but rather the cultural politics of what exactly a pauper was allowed to eat. A study of when and why paupers were and were not furnished with a festive meal of what was often termed "Old English Fare" provides a way of rethinking the place of the poor within local and national communities at a moment when attitudes toward poverty were undergoing profound changes.


Various kinds of preionization technology, especially the PIE technology, forhigh-power CO2 lasers are presented. Employing the burst-mode technology on the PIE CWCO2 laser, high-peak, high-average laser output can be gained with the virtues of simplestructure, convenient adjustment and good economy.


Objective To detect and understand the levels of Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg and Fe in children aged 0-3 years old to provide guidance and reference for children′ s nutritional diet structure and their health examination.Methods The levels of Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg and Fe in 2 000 children aged 0-3 years old were detected by the atomic absorption spectrometric method and the results were analyzed.Results The children were divided into three groups.There was no significant difference in the same trace element among 3 groups(P0.05).The deficiency rate was 54.75% in Zn,23.55% in Fe,0.8% in Cu,0.45% in Ca and 0.1% in Mg.Conclusion The deficiency of Zn and Fe is very serious for 0-3 years old children,the deficiency level of Cu,Ca and Mg is low.It is suggested to increase the publicity effort,adjust the dietary structure,pay attention to children′ s growth,take the physical examination periodically and accomplish early discovery,early prevention and early treatment to ensure children′ s healthy growth.


Conductivity depth imaging is commonly used in practical survey and further it also provides the start model for inversion. We developed an artificial neural network approach for CDI of Helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic data based on pseudo-layer model. This ANN approach is not only immunity to altimeter errors but also gets better resolutions for both resistive and conductive detecting and for thin layer distinguishing than lookup table method. We used the forward modeling as the training data set and test data set. Logarithmic normalization and linear normalization are used for the input and output. The results of Huang's two synthetic models indicate the ANN pseudo-layer half space approach is a fast and effective algorithm for CDI of HTEM data.


About 27 goats of different age groups were reported with paralysis of varying degree in an area spreading over 40 Km around Kharota during months of August and September 1999. Physical examination of affected animals revealed low to heavy ectoparasitic infestation. The affected animals were infested with lice, fleas, flies and ticks (genus Dermacenter). Based on history and symptoms, "ectoparasitic paresis" was tentatively diagnosed and treated.