We wanted to use SALT (Suggestive-Accelerative Learning and Teaching) wi th disadvantaged students who had trouble learning math and reading. We had heard about the developer of the method, Dr. Georgi Lozanov, and how he has used the method well for teaching many school subjects, particularly reading and math, as well as foreign languages. Not many people in this count ry , however, have used the method yet, so we wanted to see what would happen in using SALT to teach math and reading to ninth-grade students wi th learning disabilities. One of us (L . Vincent) was the remedial math and reading teacher work ing wi th students in applying this method in the school year 1976-77. She had completed a special SALT teacher training course. Learning-disabled students are normal in intelligence, but are below normal in school achievement. Such students are termed learning disabled on the basis o f psychological tests and counselor interviews. The students were bused into a special learning center for remedial classes. In the classroom the teacher used music at the beginning and end of class to relax and calm students. She used exercises


The invention relates to a power transmission line. The invention discloses a method for searching for a damaged porcelain insulator in the transmission line, comprising the following steps: firstly, a porcelain insulator which makes a sound is searched in the transmission line under overcast and rainy weather and is then compared with the sound which is given forth by a stored damaged porcelain insulator; the position of the porcelain insulator which makes a sound is recorded; secondly, the porcelain insulator string recorded in the first step is disassembled under a fine day; thirdly, the disassembled porcelain insulator is immediately put into water for steeping 10 to 20 minutes; after the porcelain insulator is taken out, both surfaces of the porcelain insulator are immediately wiped up; fourthly, an ohmer is used for detecting porcelain insulators one by one; if the resistance value is equal to zero, a porcelain insulator is a damaged porcelain insulator; if the resistance value is not equal to zero, the porcelain insulator is a good porcelain insulator. The invention is convenient in operation, accurate in detection and low in cost.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol reacts with aliphatic amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] at 150 °C to give N-alkylpyrroles in good yields. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with aromatic or aliphatic amines to give N-substituted pyrrolidines in excellent yields; [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and [RuCl3·nH2O–3PBu3] are the best catalysts for aromatic and aliphatic amines, respectively. The reaction of 2-butene-1,4-diol with alkyl amines gives a 1:1 mixture of N-substituted pyrroles and pyrrolidines in high yield.


Bandwidth services as they have evolved over the la st years can increasingly be seen as a commodity. M ultiple network operators have comparable offerings and com pete for customers. This fuelled the foundation of bandwidth brokerage and bandwidth trading companies in the late 90s. Unfortunately, their business models where not very successful in the past. Besides the overall ec onomic weakness at the moment we identify some gene ric and technical reasons for this. Moreover, we show that with novel automation technologies like GMPLS or ASON/ASTN some of these problems can be alleviated. Possible operational models show how future bandwi dth brokers or traders could be organised.


Tracing the influence of philosophical theories on architecture, the paper
 explores possibilities to expand the theoretical platform that allows for
 creation of new design methodological models. If, as a contemporary cultural
 context, we assume the shift in understanding of the world from determined
 and rational to multiple, temporal, and complex, then the (architectural)
 design models are moving from static and fixed to balanced dynamic systems.
 In such dynamic systems, order and disorder are pulsing toward each other
 continuously. In this paper, the transformation of existing to new design
 methodological models are investigated on an example of resonance of Gilles
 Deleuze's philosophical ideas and thought-creative models of architect and
 theorist Peter Eisenman. Identifying the formative conditions for design
 methodology models, the paper introduces an open-end in the design
 methodology structure, from which the emergence of new creative models is
 possible.


We deliver here H(x)binomials recurrence formula appointed by Ward Horadam sequence of functions which in mostly considered since decades cases where chosen to be polynomials .


The objective of our study is to determine the characteristic features according to which an individual can be evaluated from the aspect of his/her financial culture. People filling in the questionnaire consisting of 36 questions may determine how much they can be characterised by individual features or behaviours. We worked with two types of personality profiles. One of them was compiled by the author of the test (preliminarily defined personality profile). In this case, respondents get feedback on the results they achieved in each pre-defined dimension (Price-sensitive, Economizing, Moderate, Saver, Diligent, Controls his finances). Among these dimensions, awareness and diligence are positive preliminary indications of the level of the person's financial culture. The high level of saving and price-sensitivity did not correlate with good results achieved in other personality dimensions. In addition, we elaborated another personality profile obtained in empirical way. In order to establish the dimensions, we performed factor analysis. The established dimensions are: Short of cash, Economizing; Money-devouring; Order creates value; Price-sensitive; Collector; Planner; Ups and downs; Diligent and Cannot control his finances.


The physics case for an experimental measurement of the helicity asymmetry in the two singlepion photoproduction processes and at energies up to 2.3 GeV is just as valid today as it was when Proposal 91-015 was originally submitted. Although an extensive set of measurements on these reactions has been completed at Mainz at energies up to 800 MeV, no helicity-separated exclusive data exist above 800 MeV, and none are anticipated at other laboratories in the near future. The data are an important input to the partial-wave analyses of pion photoproduction, and the helicity-separated angular distributions will be important in making acceptance corrections to the ongoing program of measurements of the GDH sum rule by the total cross section method at Bonn and other laboratories. We request that the approval of the experiment be reaff irmed for the next 3 years, during which time we are confident that a suitable polarized target can be obtained and the experiment can be completed.


Our galaxy contains vast regions of very hot, very low density plasma that provide scientists with unique opportunities to observe atomic processes in extreme conditions. With temperatures of ∼ 105 to ∼ 106 K, the atoms in these regions are ionized to high charge states. Collisional ionization and excitation dominate the atomic physics in the interiors of these regions, and charge exchange becomes important where the highly ionized gas borders cool gas.Examples of very hot regions include the bubbles blown by supernova explosions and the interstellar gas above and below the disk of our galaxy. Examples of charge exchange sites include the heliosphere, supernova shock fronts, and high velocity clouds.Highly ionized plasmas are primarily studied via ultraviolet and X-ray observations using telescopes mounted on satellites, rockets, or space shuttles. Observations have been made of both the emitted spectrum and the number of ions along a path. The sensitivity and spectral resolution of the observing instrume...


Apart from the complex nature of natural fibers, studying glass bubbles, as reinforcement phase, is considered a good start to understand the flow behaviour of fillers or reinforcements and hence their distribution in the final products after injection moulding. Glass bubbles are thermally stable within the processing temperatures of Polypropylene. They are also void from the effect of fibre aspect ratio. This work explores the uneven glass bubbles content along injection moulded spirals out of polypropylene (PP). Glass bubbles are experimented at 10 and 30% volume fraction Vf levels. The processing temperature during the injection moulding varies in the range of 180-200°C. Injection pressure is changed from 250 to 1000 bar. Flow speed is adjusted at two levels of 60and 100 cm3/s. The response measurement is the distribution of the glass bubbles across the spiral at different distances from the injection point. The experimental results show the significance of the nominal Vf, pressure, temperature and flow speed on the distribution homogeneity where the bubbles move further in case of 30% at high pressure of 1000 bar and higher temperature of 200°C that eases the flow. At 10% Vf, the fluctuations in the measured Vf is minimal. The reason of the fluctuation in case of 30% Vf at high temperature and pressure is the multi-phase flow where the investigation shows that bigger size of bubbles acquires greater momentum to flow. Scaling-up of this study to the synthetic fibres will cover fragmentation. More up-scaling to the case of the natural fibre thermoplastic composites NFTC can deal with other factors like thermal stability and fibre splicing or branching.


This paper presents benchmarking results for image processing algorithms on the Connection Machine model CM-5 and compares them with the results from the CM-2 and the Sun-4. Image processing algorithms with varying communication and computational requirements were implemented, tested and timed. The performance and the scalabilty of the CM-5 were analyzed and compared with that of the CM-2.


The aims of this study were to characterize escitalopram pharmacokinetic profile, to identify factors influencing drug exposure, notably drug–drug interactions with antiretrovirals, and to simulate expected exposure under standard dosage regimen.


Aiming at the problems in process of orienting edges of Bayesian networks,a novel edge-oriented approach of Bayesian networks based on tabu Genetic Algorithm(GA) is proposed,which introduces the diversification of Tabu Search(TS) into the cross arithmetic operators and the variation arithmetic operators,and is applied into orienting edges of flight departure delay skeleton.Simulation experimental results show this approach is effective and feasible.


Terrain effects on tornado behavior have long been a source of lore in the United States. Common myths about tornado behavior include that certain areas are more prone to tornadoes, tornadoes will not form in mountainous areas, and tornadoes will not cross valleys, among others. Several cases of tornadoes in mountainous areas not obeying these commonly-held myths can been documented (e.g. Fujita 1989, Forbes 1998). However, only limited work has been done to determine the role of terrain in severe storm and tornado behavior. Much of this work has been completed on individual cases (e.g. Fujita 1989, LaPenta et al. 2005, Bosart et al. 2006, Karstens et al. 2013) or a very limited number of cases (e.g. Gaffin 2012, Shamburger 2012). In addition to these cases, some limited work has been done on interactions of severe storms and tornadoes with significant topography, including the effects of terrain on gust fronts (Frame and Markowski 2006), modeling of supercells moving over various terrain features (Markowski and Dotzek 2011), and large-eddy simulation (LES) of tornado-like vortices moving over significant topography (Lewellen 2012). One important step to understanding the role that terrain may play in tornado evolution is to document behaviors in tornado events that appear to be linked to the underlying terrain. Through this process, the emphasis must be on patterns that are seen repeatedly so as to lessen the potential for considering coincidental behavior as being linked to the underlying terrain. This paper highlights four cases in which terrain appears to have played a significant role: the Huntsville, Alabama EF1 tornadoes of 11 April 2013, the Pisgah, Alabama EF4 tornado of 27 April 2011, the Ohatchee, Alabama EF4 tornado of 27 April 2011, and the Rainsville, Alabama EF5 tornado of 27 April 2011. These four cases are then placed in the context of behavioral modes that have been observed across 75 total cases. Implications for future research are discussed.


Abstract Jiang (1988) stated that the Schur stability of an interval matrix A I is equivalent to that of the vertices of A I . We point out, via a counter-example, that this result is incorrect.


This study aims to clarify the transition in the housing environment in inferior urban habitations in Changchun City from 1997 to 2007. The results are as follows:• While inferior houses have increased in size, the extent of the increase is less than that observed in general houses.• The inhabitants' proprietorship with regard to the land use right and the house has improved, and each type of habitation exhibits certain specific feature.• Coal is still used as the main energy source because it is the traditional fuel for floor heating.


Although the organisms now known as Listerella were first reported as a new species by Murray, Webb and Schwann (1926), and were given the genus name by Pirie (1927), earlier reports contain descriptions which indicate that the organisms were seen prior to 1926. Atkinson (1917) noted a gram-positive diphtheroid organism in five human cases of what was thought to be epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. No other organisms could be found in direct smears from the patients or by cultivation, but involution forms of "extraordinary complexity" were noted. Goodpasture (1924) described a spontaneous encephalitis in rabbits due to a gram-positive bacillus, and characterized by a mononuclear exudate in the meninges. This report thus described both the mononucleosis and the predilection for the central nervous system


First principles calculations are used to investigate carbonated hydroxyapatite, a naturally occurring mineral and also the inorganic component of animal bone. Two types of carbonate substitution are studied:  A-type in which the carbonate ion substitutes for an OH and B-type where the substitution is for a phosphate. Both types have unbalanced charges and various forms of charge compensation are treated. The methods, which are based on density functional theory and first principles pseudopotentials, yield equilibrium atomic arrangements, changes in lattice parameters, and total energies for different types of substitution. When calculated energies of selected stable compounds are used, the formation energies of different carbonate substitutions with accompanying charge compensation defects can be compared. The results indicate that compact complexes are energetically favored, and a B-type material with charge compensation by a calcium vacancy together with a hydrogen atom which bonds to a neighboring pho...


Studies showing the impact of maternal depression on the mother, infant and wider family have highlighted the importance of mothers feeling able and entitled to disclose postnatal depression (PND) and seek support from others. This paper reports a subset of findings from an interpretative phenomenological analysis of five women interviewed about their experiences of disclosing symptoms of postnatal depression. The findings extend the literature on in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and PND by identifying that perceived entitlement to have PND or seek support can influence the disclosure process. Entitlement appeared to be influenced by the women's own personal contextual factors, including financial status and lifestyles, having children who slept well, partner support and having successful IVF treatment. The findings have clinical implications for health professionals who have regular contact with women in the antenatal and postnatal periods by creating safe contexts to address their beliefs about PND, facilit...


Purpose
This study aims to test the relationship between perceived coworker social undermining and knowledge hiding behavior among Pakistani doctors working in hospitals. This study further investigates the mediating role of employee cynicism (EC) and the moderating role of family social support between the association of family social support and knowledge hiding.

Design/methodology/approach
Time lagged approach was used to collect the data from 391 trainee doctors working in large hospitals in Pakistan.

Findings
The findings suggest that coworker social undermining is significantly related to EC and knowledge hiding behaviors. EC mediates the relationship between EC and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, family social support was found to play a buffer role such that the indirect effect of social undermining on knowledge hiding through cynicism was weak for those who received high family social support and vice versa.

Originality/value
Knowledge hiding is deleterious to effective organizational functioning. This study adds to knowledge about the relationship between coworker social undermining and knowledge hiding behavior. This research extends the existing research streams of social undermining and knowledge hiding research to one of the underrepresented South Asian context, Pakistan.


This study was performed for 235 caddies of 5 membership golf clubs in Jeonnam area to find out their attitude and usage, satisfaction and preference on uniforms February 2007. The result of the study could be summarized as fellows. First, 69.7% of them affirm in the inquiry of 'to feel belong' and 'to tell from others', but they showed low affirmation in other inquiries. In the case of satisfaction of wearing uniforms, they show low satisfaction in most categories such as design, color, materials, activity, and symbol. Second, the most favored color coordination is the two color coordination in the upper and bottom uniform, and the fevered design pattern is the no-pattern one with single color. The favored uniform constitutes a jacket and a trouser in spring through fall, and a parka long enough to hip line, a polo neck, a vest, and a trouser in winter Third, activity is the most important considering factor in the choice of uniform and is also the most improve-wanted factor in the presently wearing uniform. The most important factor in the characteristic of material is absorption of sweat, but there is especially high dissatisfaction in absorption. It shows that there are demands of functional design considering caddies' working environment and activities. Differentiated from other normal uniforms, the uniform should be improved for caddies to develop their specialty and to feel wearing satisfaction.


Ureas, carbamates and oxamates are rather common structural motifs. They are present in both natural and synthetic compounds that exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity. These derivatives of carbonic and oxalic acids are regularly employed as the basic structural elements in hybrid molecule synthesis, as well as in organic synthesis in general. A series of unsymmetrical hybrid compounds (E1–E4) has been synthesized, with core imidazolidin-2-one and aryl moieties as urea and carbamate derivatives. Plant growth regulatory activity of these compounds was studied with respect to their influence on germination, growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds in laboratory and field tests. Their effect on drought resistance concentrations as low as 4 × 10−7 M was established. Compounds E1 and E4 have shown higher growth-regulating activity than standard thidiazuron and CCC.


Conservation managementstrategies for native Sumatran species such as andalas (Morus macroura) are currently being developed through genetic diversitystudies. Theseinformationswill be used to enhance ongoing conservation and regeneration programs and to control the exploitation of these high-valueplant species. This initial study aimed to develop a method for extracting DNA from andalas cambium, to select polymorphic RAPD primers and to study genetic diversity using selected RAPD primers. DNA was successfully extracted usingthe CTAB method from all 32 cambium samples collected from Jambi and West Sumatra. Eighteen RAPD primers were screened and six polymorphic primerswereselected (OPO-6, OPY-6, OPY-15, OPW-1, OPW-3 and OPW-4). RAPD analysis using the sixselected primers resulted in 52 polymorphic loci and thevalue of genetic diversity within the population (Hs) of 0.308 and the value of genetic diversity among populations (DST) of 0.091. The highest genetic diversity was observed in Batipuah,Tanah Datar(0.351) whilethelowest was observed in Halaban,Lima Puluh Kota (0.205).A test with AMOVA shows that the genetic diversity between individuals is greater than the diversity between populations.The dendogram based on the genetic distance between populations showsthat the andalas population in West Sumatra is separated into two groups and both are separated from the Jambi population.The results of this study can be used as a basis for further research on several other andalas populations as well as the basic informationfor conservation strategiesof andalas


The task of determining the optimal route is a well-known difficult optimization problem in graphs theory. This problem is often considered in various fields, for example, for building travel routes in cities and nature reserves. The paper presents the implementation of the algorithm for finding the shortest path and building a tourist route from a given point A to point B. To build routes based on existing gpx files, Dijkstra's algorithm has been modified, which allows to obtain an optimal gpx track with data preprocessing. An assessment of the quality of the proposed algorithm for constructing routes was carried out, which showed the efficiency of constructing the shortest path and the high performance of the developed system.


Numerical methods are playing a key role in modern science, without them most of the recent approaches and results would be unreachable. To understand the structure and behaviour of the lattice-based systems (as in Causal Dynamical Triangulation (CDT)), one can use random walks via Monte Carlo simulations and measure some relevant observables with the help of it. The recent research in CDT [1] has shown that there are differences between the toroidal and spherical conditions. Furthermore, under toroidal condition, we found an interesting result after making the configuration shrink. The size and amount of vertices of the minimal configuration (Fig. 1) became much smaller than the triangulation of a hypercube [2], which is the basic element of the initial condition. Moreover, each spacelike slice built up only from this particular set of triangles, however it is not obvious that it keeps the toroidal condition. To prove it, one should have a closer look at the configuration. It was shown that the minimal configuration includes two different types of links, one with coordination number 4 and one with coordination number 6, where the coordination number denotes the number of simplices around a link. Due to this attribute, a layered structure can be defined on this minimal configuration, each of that including five periodically repeated set of vertices. After introducing weightfactors connected to the links, three different equivalence classes of noncontractible loops (built up from attached links) can be distinguished. Finding these different loops proves that the minimal configuration still keeps the attributes of the toroidal condition.


The 7Li quadrupole splitting constants [QSC = (1+η2/3)1/2(e2Qqzz/h)] for di‐ and tetra‐solvated dimeric lithium 2,6‐dimethyl‐ and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenolates were determined from measurements of 7Li and 13C spin lattice relaxation times. After correcting for anisotropic rotational diffusion, the estimated values for the disolvated dimers are 270–280 kHz in comparison with ca. 160 kHz for the tetrasolvated species. The values of QSC are useful for determining the degrees of solvation in solutions of dimeric organic lithium compounds in pure solvents.


In our October 2006 issue (Volume 15, number 5), the article "Towards a Model for a Virtual Reality Experience: The Virtual Subjectiveness" gave an erroneous affiliation for the authors of the article. The correct affiliation for the authors is Narcı́s Parés Roc Parés Experimentation on Interactive Communication Audiovisual Institute Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain The journal greatly regrets this error.


The utility model discloses an ingenious connecting rod type double-vision minimally invasive surgical instrument, which comprises an actuating mechanism, a long rod, a held mechanism, an intermediate connecting piece and a connecting rod operating mechanism, wherein the actuating mechanism is used for achieving an assigned surgical operation; the long rod is provided with a hollow part; the actuating mechanism is positioned at one end of the long rod; the held mechanism is used for being held by a human hand to generate an initial power; the held mechanism is provided with a first held part and a second held part; the intermediate connecting piece is respectively hinged with the first held part and the second held part; the long rod is fixedly connected with the intermediate connecting piece; and the connecting rod operating mechanism is respectively connected with the actuating mechanism and the held mechanism and used for receiving the initial power to drive the action of the actuating mechanism.


The elastic differential cross section is calculated at low energies for the elements He and Ne using an effective 4D electromagnetic potential coming from the contribution of the massive Kaluza-Klein modes of the 5D vector field in a thick brane scenario. The length scale is adjusted in the potential to compare with known experimental data and to set bounds for the parameter of the model.


Continuous flow synthesis of nanomaterials via sol-gel process using microreactors has not received much attention. For the synthesis of gels where the reaction time is of the order of few seconds to few tens of seconds, microchannel reactors are an excellent processing option. However since a 'gel' does not 'flow' easily, making it in a microchannel usually clogs the microchannel. We envisaged that by using an impinging jet micromixer, where the two reactants impinge and collide to form a mixing zone outside the micromixer, this problem could be circumvented. Here we report a successful implementation of continuous flow synthesis of metal oxides formed by the rapid sol-gel process taking the nanocrystalline MgO (NC-MgO) as a specific example. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that the nature of the mixing zone formed by the impinging jets governs the surface area of the product. Specific flow rate and impingement angle are identified that yield high surface area materials.


Objective:To evaluate the role of mammography and ultrasonography in diagnosing breast cancer.Methods:Mammography and additional ultrasonography were performed in 53 cases with breast cancer confirmed by histopathology.Results:For mammography with ultrasonography the diagnosis of 46 cases was consistent with the histologic results,2 cases were not detected,5 cases were suspected.Conclusion:Mammography with ultrasonography can raise diagnostic accuracy of diagnosis breast cancer.


Let Bc0 , resp. B`∞ denote the open unit ball of c0, the complex Banach space of null sequences (resp. `∞, the space of bounded sequences) both endowed with the supremum norm, and let D∞ be a (somewhat careless) notation for the countable product of open unit discs D ⊂ C endowed with the product topology. Our interest focuses on certain Banach algebras of C−valued holomorphic functions: • H(B`∞), of bounded holomorphic functions B`∞ → C, • H∞(D∞), of bounded holomorphic functions D∞ → C, • A(Bc0), of uniformly continuous holomorphic functions Bc0 → C, and finally • A(D∞), of uniformly continuous holomorphic functions D∞ → C. By holomorphic, we mean complex Fréchet differentiable in the first and third cases, and continuous (with respect to the product topology) and separately holomorphic (i.e. holomorphic in each variable, with all other variables held fixed) in the second and fourth cases [5]. It is shown that


The invention discloses an intelligent terminal system with fingerprint identification and an information processing method. The terminal system comprises a fingerprint identification module, a communication module and an intrinsic module, wherein the fingerprint identification module is used for analyzing and identifying an acquired fingerprint according to stored user fingerprint information, if the fingerprint passes the identification, the intrinsic module is started, and if the fingerprint does not pass the identification, a code mode is provided for a user to input and the intrinsic module is started after a code is verified to be correct; the communication module is used for providing a conversation or net surfing function and transmitting terminal positioning information and alarminformation to a set receiving terminal after the fingerprint identification module verifies that the code is not correct; and the intrinsic module is used for providing all the normal functions of an intelligent terminal after the fingerprint passes the identification of the fingerprint identification module, and providing a set authorization function of the intelligent terminal after the fingerprint identification module verifies that the code is correct. The invention also discloses the information processing method. The system and the method can identify the acquired fingerprint and provide master access controlling and registering functions of the terminal.


Various commentators have expressed their subjective impressions that 'the environment' emerged suddenly as a political issue. That the number of groups, journals and books relating to 'the environment' has dramatically increased is indisputable. What is not clear, however, is whether the increase has been in the awareness of relationships between problems which could then be subsumed under the general heading 'the environment' or whether increased attention has been paid to the component problems. It is possible that the interest in issues such as water pollution, resource conservation and air pollution was of long standing and that the only change was a growing popularization of the label 'environmental' by those who wrote about the subject in the press. The object of this study is to test the latter hypothesis by means of a content analysis of The Times.


The article is devoted to learning the meaning of "black" and "white" in the history of Chinese language, which are connected with associations about black and white in Chinese culture.


The genus Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & Garcia, 1999 is endemic to the Canary Islands, where four species were known to date. Based on morphological evidence, three new species of Baezia are described in this study: Baezia aranfaybo Garcia & Lopez, sp. nov. from El Hierro island, and Baezia madai Garcia & Oromi sp. nov. and Baezia tizziri Garcia & Andujar, sp. nov. from La Palma island. Notes on their biology, habitat, and distribution are presented. The number of taxa in this endemic Canarian genus increases to seven eyeless species. One species has been reported from the soil (endogean environment), with the other six associated with caves and the mesovoid shallow substratum (hypogean or subterranean environment). Frequent association with the presence of roots suggests that species of Baezia may inhabit the continuum represented by the endogean and hypogean environments. Identification key to the seven species are provided.


Information technology such as computers and Internet offers a new social and economic paradigm by restructuring the traditional dimensions of time and space within which we live, work and interact. Unlimited quantities of information are globally available, and any individual can publish as well as read in the Internet world. The possibilities of a global, decentralized, user-controlled medium are claimed to be influencing every aspect of our lifestyles, the patterns of our work and leisure, entertainment, consumption, education, family and community experience, and political and religious activities. These fundamental changes are now beginning to raise important questions about their consequences for social divisions, diversity and differences among the already diversified Indian society. They are likely to widen . the social division between the information rich and the information poor in and between communities in India. Among the many challenges posed by information technology, the most fundamental challenge is the affordable access of information technology to several sections of Indian communities. The lack of access leads them further to social exclusion which is not confined to rich and poor countries, but it is also happening within the nation-state boundaries. For exa:Q:~.ple, if the Internet is available to only a few, its democratising potential will nev:er be achieved and also its economic impact will be limited as well. This is a challenge faced around the world. However, little attention has been given to the consequences of uneven technolpgical diffusion for social inequality, and so the Information technology is far from achieving its potential reach and impact, and there are concerns that the digital divide is growing as the pace of change accelerates. In other words, information technologies are not value-neutral, but will have both advantageous and disadvantageous conseq1,1ences. I do not simply either endorse or reject information technologies, rather suggest for a dialogue between the acceptable and unacceptable consequences of introducing information technology. It is, therefore, crucial that we need to ponder upon in-depth, the issue of digital divide in Indian societies.


Abstract On the basis of broad experimental material, the authors made the following conclusions: inert fillers influence the combustion of polymeric materials strongly only at high weight content; the fillers, that decompose into volatile products as CO2 and H2O can more strongly influence the combustion of composite compounds; the effective methods of reducing the combustibility of polymers are chemical modification of the thermoreactive matrix, or modification of filling fibers, that can cause increased coke formation.


Butyl acrylate conventional emulsion (macroemulsion) and miniemulsion polymerizations were carried out with an oil-soluble initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile) in the presence or absence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger. For macroemulsion polymerization, in the presence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger, no particle nucleation occurred, whereas in the absence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger, particle nucleation proceeded as expected. For miniemulsion polymerization, the rate of polymerization was much higher in the absence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger than in its presence. Furthermore, in the absence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger, the miniemulsion polymerization rate increased with reduced droplet size, whereas in the presence of an aqueous-phase radical scavenger, the trend was reversed. It is concluded that (1) for macroemulsion polymerization, the contribution from free radicals originating in the aqueous-phase is predominant in the micellar nucleation of particles; (2) free radicals originating in the particle phase contribute to the rate of polymerization and the contribution increases with an increase in the particle size; and (3) for polymer particles with diameters of up to approximately 100 nm, polymerization is initiated from free radicals originating in the aqueous phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3200–3211, 2002


The present invention relates to an acetabular prosthesis implantation angle collimator, comprising α of the acute angle is a right angle trapezoid, angle β of the first angle scale, the second angle γ is the angle between the ruler, and the guide bar level, wherein 75 ° ≤α≤80 °, 40 ° ≤β≤45 °, and β + γ = 90 °; right angles to the oblique surface of the trapezoidal body waist at the top, right angle surface opposite inclined surfaces at the bottom of the waist, two additional surface is located at right angles to the left and right sides, waist level on the inclined surface, on the bottom right trapezoid body guide bar, right trapezoid body front and rear sides are respectively provided with the chute, the first angle and the second angle scale are located in the front side of the foot, the side surface of the chute and is movable along the chute. The present invention solves the operator's experience with implantation and positioning accuracy is not high, large errors partial anatomical landmarks; the present invention is simple, economical, can be widely used in the medical field, to better meet clinical needs.


In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce the write energy consumption in order to reduce the energy consumption of the circuit composed of spin-torque transfer magnetic RAM(STT-MRAM). Of the total energy consumption of the circuit, the write energy consumption occupies a large proportion. Omission of unnecessary write operations increases efficiency in terms of energy consumption. Compare the data to be written with the data to be written before proceeding with the write operation of the circuit to omit the unnecessary write operation and selectively execute the necessary write operation. As the number of MTJ increases, the gain in side of energy can be increased, so the simulation had proceeded by increasing the number of MTJ to 512. Simulation results show that the worst case energy consumption consumes 16.5% more energy than the conventional one, but it can reduce energy consumption by up to 90.6% at best. Reliability also increases through the process of comparing write data (WD) with data stored in MTJ.


The thesis is focused on the approach of seniors to life and their motivation for active living in old age. I find If their Sokol movement membership or non-membership influences their approach to life and their quality of life in old age. I focus on the former members of the Sokol movement who are older than seventy years. In the theoretical part I introduce the Sokol movement, its supporting ideas and its founder Miroslav Tyrs. I deal with the view of the old age, its definition and specifics. I also deal with the current state of the Sokol movement and its options for seniors. In the practical part I present qualitative research. I do the research using semi-structured interviews. I compare members and non-members of the Sokol movement. I find their hobbies, the influence of the family and the experiences of the Sokol movement and the sport activities at the time of their youth. And then I compare it with the current situation in both groups.


Brown's position generally is that kinds of explanation dealing with the mental states of individuals-those based on intentions or dispositions, for example-merely establish a need for further explanation of the occurrence of those mental states as a class. On the other hand, he asserts that kinds of explanation more closely approximating the use of theories in natural science are not in principle impossible in social science although in practice they are rare and have not often been constructed in clear-headed, philosophically defensible manners. From this book, however, cannot be learned how theories should be arrived at nor how their truth might be tested. Brown studies the results of social science more than its methods. Mostly, he tells us, if we did not already know, what a scientific theory would look like. The analysis is lucid and sensible. Most valuable are the chapters discussing genetic explanations, and those based on intentions, dispositions and reasons. The discussions of functional explanations, empirical generalizations, and theories are less persuasive, not because of argumentative loop-holes so much as because of brevity of analysis and shortage of illustrations. After all, it is as important to ask why scientific explanations have not been developed as it is to ask whether or not they are logically possible in social science. An effort is discernible to draw examples from all the various disciplines which have been termed social or behavioural sciences. But difficulties seem to have arisen. Examples from psychology are rare and there are almost none from psychiatry. Those from anthropology dominate the discussions of the more elemental techniques of explanation. Examples in his discussion of full-fledged theories are drawn chiefly from economics. Little &dquo;explanation&dquo; is provided for these observed regularities. LEWIS CURTIS PERRY


For realizing reliable quarter micron VLSI and three dimensional LSIs , planarlzing the interlevel insulator and filling high aspect ratio holes with metal are indispensible. RF bias sputt.ring(1) , serective cvD w Q-41 and blankei cVD w/v{Si^ (5) combined with in situ z etch-back to form planarized via-hole filing have been reported. However, complete hole filling without voids for an aspect ratio over one has not yet been reported. In this paper, a newly developed processing for high aspect ratio (about 3) hole filling by W-CVD combined with Si sidewall technique and resist etch back is proposed. The underlying layer can be any conductive material and can be applied to fitling holes of various depths at the same time. Moreover, a novel w/TiN/TiSi2 structure lras applied in order to suppress rapid silicidation of W at temperatures higher than


Archaeologists collect an incredible amount of information. If used appropriately, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can play an important role in the archive and analysis of such data in digital form. Additionally, correct location, relative positioning and 3D dimensioning of artifacts, features and objects in general can be easily done with photogrammetry-supported GIS. The paper reflects an example of how to acquire such data with a common 35mm photographic camera, and how to create 3D models in a cheap and effortless process. Data cases collected and modeled by the author are presented, with photos taken without much rigor, to simulate the case of an archaeologist not familiar with photogrammetric techniques and constraints. Intergraph and ESRI software existing at the author's institution were used in the modeling, archiving and analysis process. Unfortunately aerial photography for the site was not available and a map had to be used instead. Weaknesses and strengths of the approach are discussed. The method is not a substitute for archaeological techniques of data collection, but it can supplant some of them with advantages in time costs, type of archiving support and details in the information collected.


The number of patients with brachiocephalic artery disease and coronary artery disease (CHD) is steadily increasing. Despite the achieved results in the surgical treatment of patients with lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries and concomitant coronary artery disease, the world has not yet reached a consensus on the tactics of treating this group of patients. Most patients with concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease have a combination of two or more risk factors for neurological complications. In addition, for elderly patients, the time of artificial circulation and the duration of the operation are of decisive importance. An increase in this time is inevitable with a single-stage surgical operation. Carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting is indicated before or simultaneously with coronary artery bypass grafting in symptomatic patients with 80% carotid stenosis (LE: C). However, until data from randomized clinical trials are available, the surgical approach to patients with severe coronary and carotid lesions will be individualized, based on the specific risk level of each patient and the experience of the institution.


This evening's talk will be standard fare for such ceremonial occasions. It will be about our field -business history -where it has been and where it is going; because of time and place, I hope I will be excused for beginning on an autobiographical note and then carrying on in a personal vein. As to time, I will be 60 on my next birthday. A• to place, Wilmington, Delaware, is my home town. Both facts encourage reminiscing. Wilmington has long been a company town and the company played an important part in my work, in in the biography of Pierre du Pont, and elsewhere. The connection between Wilmington and my later interest in and ideas about business history is, however, tenuous. About all I can say is that in writing business history I found it hard to take a romantic view of my family's friends and neighbors, a few of whom were among the business leaders of their day. They were a varied lot but, whatever else, thmy w•re not hmroic• They could hardl• be identified as either sinister robber barons or virtuous industrial


Social Sciences Education is a study of the social sciences and humanities that aims to improve citizens' abilities. The social studies disciplines in Indonesia are aimed at helping students gain information, awareness, and analytical skills regarding a society's social conditions as they prepare to enter a dynamic society. The foundation of social studies is reality and social phenomena, which are achieved through an interdisciplinary approach from many social science areas. Over time, social studies education in elementary schools has undergone various developments and curriculum changes. In Indonesia, social science education was introduced in 1975 and used the 1975–2006 curriculum. With the materials separately, the development and renewal of the curriculum took place so as to create the 2013 curriculum, which packs social studies education materials in an integrated manner. These changes and developments aim to improve the quality of Indonesian education and create students who can think critically in order to meet the challenges of the times so that they can compete globally. The author collects data through a literature review in order to write this scientific essay. It is intended that by writing this article, the author will be able to describe the evolution of social studies education in Indonesia at the primary school level, as well as the advantages of the many curricula utilized.


Simple Summary Pigs with porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) inactivation are preferable donor sources for xenotransplantation because the PERV may act as an infectious pathogen for humans who receive pig organ xenotransplantation. However, inactivation of the PERV pol gene in porcine cells reportedly affects cell growth. The present study clarified the relationship between the mutation of the PERV pol gene in porcine embryos and their development. Three different gRNAs targeting the PERV pol gene were introduced into porcine zygotes by genome editing using electroporation of the Cas9 protein (GEEP) system. The results demonstrated a negative relationship between the embryonic development and the efficiency of target mutations in the PERV pol gene of the porcine embryos. Abstract Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a provirus found in the pig genome that may act as an infectious pathogen in humans who receive pig organ xenotransplantation. Inactivation of the PERV pol gene in porcine cells reportedly affects cell growth. Therefore, the mutation of PERV pol gene in porcine embryos using genome editing may affect the embryonic development. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the mutation of the PERV pol gene in porcine embryos and their development. We introduced, either alone or in combination, three different gRNAs (gRNA1, 2, and 3) into porcine zygotes by genome editing using electroporation of the Cas9 protein (GEEP) system. All three gRNAs targeted the PERV pol gene, and we assessed their effects on porcine embryonic development. Our results showed that the blastocyst formation rates of zygotes electroporated with gRNA3—alone and in combination—were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of zygotes electroporated with gRNA1. The mutation rates assessed by the PERV pol gene target site sequencing in individual blastocysts and pooled embryos at the 2-to-8-cell stage did not differ among the three gRNAs. However, the frequency of indel mutations in mutant embryos at the 2-to-8-cell stage trended higher in the embryos electroporated with gRNA3 alone and in combination. Embryonic development may be affected by gRNAs that induce high-frequency indel mutations.


An important outstanding challenge that must be overcome in order to fully utilize the XY surface code for correcting biased Pauli noise is the phenomena of fragile temporal boundaries that arise during the standard logical state preparation and measurement protocols. To address this challenge we propose a new logical state preparation protocol based on locally entangling qubits into small Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-like states prior to making the stabilizer measurements that place them in the XY-code state. We prove that in this new procedure $O(\sqrt{n})$ high-rate errors along a single lattice boundary can cause a logical failure, leading to an almost quadratic reduction in the number of fault-configurations compared to the standard state-preparation approach. Moreover, the code becomes equivalent to a repetition code for high-rate errors, guaranteeing a 50% code-capacity threshold during state preparation for infinitely biased noise. With a simple matching decoder we confirm that our preparation protocol outperforms the standard one in terms of both threshold and logical error rate in the fault-tolerant regime where measurements are unreliable and at experimentally realistic biases. We also discuss how our state-preparation protocol can be inverted for similar fragile-boundary-mitigated logical-state measurement.


The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a serious concern not only for humans but also companion animals. Recent clinical attention has focused on the increasing frequency of Gram-negative pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections. In this group, extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, in particular E. coli and K. pneumoniae, as well as carbapenemase producing A. baumannii, have caused major challenges in the past decade. These three groups of organisms will be the focus of this article.


Viscosity of a magnetorheological(MR) fluid can be influenced by means of inducing a magnetic field. When the magnetic field is applied, particles arrange themselves in a network of chains, so they obstruct the flow of the oil. Owing to this, viscosity of MR fluid increases significantly. To obtain a better insight in the behaviour of MR fluid, it is necessary to visualize the interaction between the particles. The main problem with visualizing this MR fluid is the high density of particles. In the present study, the behavior of MR fluid in the channel applying the magnetic field are visualized.


When the binop is '+', then we write the inverse of α as α and call it "negative α". We then use 0 for the id-elt. When the binop is 'multiplication', write the inverse of α as α 1 and call it We use 1 for the id-elt. We omit the binop-symbol and write αβ for α•β. For an abstract binop '•', we often write α 1 for the inverse of α ["α inverse"], and often omit the binop-symbol. If • is commutative [∀α,β, necessarily α • β = β • α] then we call S a commutative group.


Background : A variety of nonneoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the sinonasal tract. Majority of the sinonasal lesions are polypoidal. Clinically, sometimes it becomes difcult to comment upon the nature of these lesions. Histopathological examination then is essential for both otorhinolaryngologist and pathologist. So, the present study aimed at histopathological study of sinonasal lesions in pediatric age group patients. Method : The present study was done in the Department of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital for a period of 1 year from march 2019 to February 2020. Histopathological study of total 24 cases of sinonasal lesions was done after tissue processing following standard protocol. Results : Out of 24 cases, 11 were male and 13 were female. Male to female ratio was 0.87:1. Maximum number of lesions were detected in age group of 13-18 years with 13 cases. Out of these 24 cases, 17 (70.83%) were nonneoplastic and 7 (29.17%) were neoplastic in nature. All 17 nonneoplastic lesions were diagnosed as polyp. Capillary haemangioma was the most common neoplastic lesion with 4 (16.67%) cases. No malignant lesion was detected in the present study. Conclusion: Nonneoplastic lesions were the commonest pathology in pediatric age group patients. Malignant lesions were infrequent in this age group.


The paper reviews on the current situation and the development tend of production and demand situation for the domestic wire rod, and then analyzes the current domestic production output, product structure, market situation of the wire rod, and the development trend in the future.


Modulation of movement velocity is necessary during daily life tasks, work, and sports activities. However, assessing motor unit behavior during muscle shortening and lengthening at different velocities is challenging. High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) is an established method to identify and track motor unit behavior in isometric contractions. Therefore, we used this methodology to unravel the behavior of the same motor units in dynamic contractions at low contraction velocities. Velocity-related changes in tibialis anterior motor unit behavior during concentric and eccentric contractions at 10 and 25% maximum voluntary isometric contraction were assessed by decomposing HD-sEMG signals recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle of eleven healthy participants at 5°/s, 10°/s, and 20°/s. Motor units extracted from the dynamic contractions were tracked across different velocities at the same load levels. On average, 14 motor units/participant were matched across different velocities, showing specific changes in discharge rate modulation. Specifically, increased velocity led to an increased rate of change in discharge rate (e.g., discharge rate slope, p=0.025), recruitment and derecruitment discharge rates (p=0.003 and p=0.001), and decreased recruitment angles (p=0.0001). Surprisingly, the application of the motor unit extraction filters calculated from 20°/s onto the recordings at 5°/s and 10°/s revealed that >92% of motor units recruited at the highest velocity were active on both lower velocities, indicating no additional recruitment of motor units. Our results suggest that motor unit rate coding rather than recruitment is responsible for controlling muscle shortening and lengthening contractions at increasing velocities against a constant load.


Introduction: Hookworm infestation is essential to general health and quality of life. Intestinal worm infestations are widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and occur where there is poverty and poor sanitation. Aim: The purpose of the study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge of hookworm infestation among school going children in selected schools at puducherry. Methods: Thiruvika government high school. Sample: 30 members Sample technique: purposive sample technique Results: The research revealed that most of them having adequate knowledge on Hookworm infestation – 75.4%. Conclusion: Since schools play a vital role in developing healthy life style among children it is very important to empower those with knowledge and practice about prevention of hook worm infestation.


TiO2/CH3NH3Pb1-xSbxI3-3xBr3x-based photovoltaic devices were fabricated by a spin-coating method using mixture solutions with SbBr3. Effects of SbBr3, CsI or RbBr addition to CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solutions on the photovoltaic properties were investigated. The short-circuit current densities and photoconversion efficiencies were improved by adding a small amount of SbBr3, CsI or RbBr to the perovskite phase, which would be due to the doping effect of Sb, Br and Cs/Rb atom at the Pb, I and CH3NH3 sites, respectively.


Indoor navigation can be implemented with Bluetooth technology as sensors. We use RTT (Round Trip Time) as an attribute towards the navigation of an object. Designing the scheme for indoor networks with the introduction of pre-fixed co-ordinates has been used as a database. This paper presents a new algorithm that incorporate real life signal strength measurement from access point and peers to estimate position and distance using Bluetooth sensor network. The main feature of this paper is to see how RTT behaves with distance and then what approach we must take to make RTT more robust. We conducted several experiments to validate our proposed algorithm and study RTT behavior in real life application.


Since 2002, the Sub-Saharan African countries ( except South Africa which already has a free-trade agreement with the EU ) have embarked on free-trade agreement negotiations with the European Union. These arrangements will replace the Cotonou scheme, which requires these countries to eliminate their tariffs on 'substantially' all their European imports. Based on a general equilibrium analysis, this study estimates the potential effects of these agreements by considering different levels of reciprocity in the commitments of the Sub-Saharan African countries. It shows that the 'standard' EU proposal, whereby Sub-Saharan African countries would cut tariffs on 80 per cent of their European imports, would not be enough to balance the outcome of the Economic Partnership Agreements. As a result of the asymmetries between European and African protections and supply-side capacities, African countries could experience a balance of trade deficit of USD 1.8 billion associated with a 0.1 per cent decrease in GDP. This proposal, which also induces an industrial restructuring to the benefit of the agro-processing industries, will create a significant fiscal burden. A lesser level of commitment could largely mitigate these unfavourable results; by reciprocating tariff eliminations on only 60 per cent of their European imports, African countries would reduce the trade imbalance and fiscal losses induced by these agreements by 21 and 51 per cent respectively. Copyright 2007 The Authors Journal compilation Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2007 .


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It is easy to appreciate an antelope's grace as it bounds across the savannah, but how about an ostrich? At first glance they seem to be unlikely runners, with their huge egg-shaped torsos and skinny legs. However, these birds have evolved to run and manoeuvre at speed to shake


The researchaims to know the influence of work motivation, job satisfaction, and reward system of the
employess performance. Samples used are employess of the branches BRI in Gresik. Independent
variable used is the work motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational recognition of the
performance. The selected sample were processed using a purposive sampling method by spreading a
questionnaire respondents 50 while returning only 30 questionnaire is then processed using SPSS for
windows help. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. Result of a study on this
research show that work motivation and job satisfaction is not significantly but reward system of the
performance is significantly to the performance on employee performance.
Keyword: performance of employees, work motivation, job satisfaction, and reward system.


Spinach chloroplasts induced aerobic oxidation of sulfite on illumination. The oxidation of sulfite was not found in KCl- and Tris-treated chloroplasts and was inhibited by 3(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,1′-dimethylurea, suggesting that the reaction is induced through the electron transport system in chloroplasts. The oxidation rate of sulfite was much higher than the rate of the Hill reaction. In addition, inhibition by several sugars indicates that the oxidation of sulfite proceeds as a chain reaction. Although catalase did not affect the reaction, ferredoxin plus NADP, cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase prevented the oxidation of sulfite. We thus propose that a superoxide anion formed by the univalent reduction of oxygen by illuminated chloroplasts is the initiator of sulfite oxidation.


The study from rural Thailand (March 8 p 814) showing that a single-visit approach with visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid wash (VIA) and immediate cryotherapy seems safe acceptable and feasible is important.1 However the fairly low specificity of VIA possibly related to high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) does raise the possibility of overtreatment. Another unknown factor is how well VIA works when genital schistosomiasis is prevalent. Standardised initial training and continuing education programmes including supervision and mechanisms for quality control will need to be developed if wide-scale VIA screening is to be introduced and there is no study to show that a VIA screening programme reduces cervical-cancer incidence and mortality. (excerpt)


The present invention serves to fill the product to be metered into at least one capsule (30), preferably a weighing device for capsule filling machines which operate intermittently, in a capsule (30) within the product about of the type first weighing mechanism for detecting the weight together with the capsule (30) (22) is provided. In such a configuration of the present invention in the form of weighing apparatus, a second weighing mechanism for detecting the air weight (26) is provided with a capsule (30).


An apparatus for treating a moving web of material in a predetermined gas atmosphere comprising a process chamber (1) through which a moving web of material (2) is transported from an inlet at a first end of the chamber (1 ) to an exit at a second end of the chamber (1) and means for introducing and controlling a gas for providing said gaseous atmosphere predetermined within said chamber (1), wherein said inlet and said outlet comprise sealing means (4a, 4b) each designed to allow passage of said material web (2) through the same while the input of a boundary layer (3) external gas around said material is minimized, wherein said apparatus also comprising one or more recirculation channels (7, 8) adapted to recirculate gases within said chamber from the second end of the chamber to the first end of the chamber, thereby substantially nullifying cu alquier pressure difference inside the chamber (1) between said inlet and said outlet.


Migrant worker is a special group which is mixed between rural residents and urban residents.Full coverage of medical insurance on migrant workers is important to achieve the goal of the universal medical insurance.According to the types of insurance,the covered migrant workers in Hangzhou were classified into two types.The defects of each type of medical insurance were pointed out.The discussion of these defects may contribute to the development of medical insurance.


Despite availability of a range of pharmacological and psychological interventions, many patients are troubled by residual symptoms, after an initially encouraging treatment response, and this is highlighted by three papers. First, in a post hoc analysis of mood and medication diaries recorded over 5 months by treated bipolar patients, Bauer and colleagues (Dresden, Germany) found one-third had taken anxiolytic drugs for at least half of the study period. When compared to those not on anxiolytics, patients taking medication had significantly longer mood episodes and lengthier periods with sub-syndromal symptoms, emphasising the need for controlled studies of the impact of anxiolytic compounds in bipolar disorder. Temperamental characteristics and disordered biological rhythms may have roles in the persistence of sub-syndromal symptoms, across diagnoses. Tomassini et al. (L'Aquila, Italy) compared temperament characteristics and psychopathological dimensions in a consecutive sample of outpatients with stabilised anxiety or mood disorders. There were no significant differences between the groups in overall temperamental traits and psychopathological symptoms, but intriguing associations between particular traits and certain residual symptoms. Disturbed sleep is a common persistent symptom in patients with mood and anxiety disorders, but is often hard to manage. In a postal questionnaire survey of the membership of a UK self-help organisation, Paterson and colleagues (Bristol UK) found almost all the 513 respondents described sleep problems during depressive episodes, but only 44% reported beneficial effects of antidepressant treatment on sleep disturbance, and 69% had sought additional treatment for sleep problems. These findings emphasise the need for antidepressants that specifically reduce sleep disturbance, thereby diminishing the reliance on concomitant medications.


On the western margin of Akekule Uplift, the Donghe Sandstone develops very well, however, its lithology and reservoir features are different from that of other areas in Tarim basin. The main rocks are sandstone, mudstone and muddy siltstone or silty mudstone. And the sandstone is the main reservoir in this area. The analysis data of physical properties demonstrate that the reservoir properties of the rock in this region are middle to poor. And the properties have intensive heterogeneity vertically and laterally. Integrated analysis show that the reservoir non-homogeneity is controlled by not only the system tract in the sequence framework and also the diagenetic process, especially by the cementation of carbonate and the eluviation's process of the fresh water on the sequence boundary of typeⅠ. On the other hand, high frequent sea-level changes induced to form the special rhythm intervals of reservoir physical properties vertically.


This paper introduces a simple and effective method of using three Be ′z ier curves to approximate to a circle.Thus,by offering error analysis,it perfectly solves the problems of methods and accuracy confronted when fitting a circle by Be′ z ier curves.


The level of grain hydration and the respiration rate of barley must be controlled during the malting process to optimize the quality of the finished malt. Steeping and germination parameters must be used efficiently and effectively to control the malting process to meet customer requirements. The process services during these periods are of vital importance to quality. Several parameters were investigated and related to grain condition and consequent malt quality.


Graham's convex hull algorithm outperforms the others on those distributions where most of the points are on or near the boundary of the hull (D. C. S. Allison and M. T. Noga, Some performance tests of convex hull algorithms, BIT Numerical Mathematics, Vol. 24, pp. 2-13, 1984). To use this algorithm for finding an orthogonal convex hull of a finite planar point set, we introduce the concept of extreme points of a connected orthogonal convex hull of the set, and show that these points belong to the set. Then we prove that the smallest connected orthogonal convex hull of a finite set of points is an orthogonal (x, y)-polygon where its convex vertices are its connected orthogonal hull's extreme points. As a result, an efficient algorithm, based on the idea of Graham's scan algorithm, for finding the smallest connected orthogonal convex hull of a finite planar point set is presented. We also show that the lower bound of such algorithms is O(n log n). Some numerical results for finding the smallest connected orthogonal convex hull of such a set are given. Subject classifications: 52A30, 52B55, 68Q25, 65D18. P. T. An Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com P. T. T. Huyen Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com N. T. Le People's Security Academy 125 Tran Phu Street, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail: email@example.com 2 Phan Thanh An et al.


Objective To establish an ion chromatography method for determination of azide in Irbesartan.Methods IonPac AS18(250 mm×4 mm) ion exchange column was used to separate anions,an eluent generator was used to obtain KOH solu tions,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results The calibration graphs of azide was linear within the range of 0.003-0.240 μg/mL(r = 0.999 5).The detection limit of azide was 0.000 8 μg/mL.Azide and other common anions could be well isolated.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and suitable for determination of azide in Irbesartan.


The authors assess empirically the impact of contractual savings institutions portfolios (pension funds and life insurance companies) on securities markets, for example, depth and liquidity in the domestic stock market, and depth in the domestic bond market. They discuss how the institutionalization of savings can modify financial markets through the lengthening of securities' maturities. The results are the following: 1) An increase in assets of contractual savings institutions relative to domestic financial assets has a positive impact on the depth of stock and bond markets on average. 2) The impact on stock market depth and liquidity is nonlinear: it is stronger in countries where corporate information is more transparent. 3) There is evidence of a significant heterogeneity among countries: contractual savings have a stronger impact on securities markets in countries where the financial system is market based, pension fund contributions are mandatory, and international transactions in securities are lower. 4) The authors do not find that the impact of contractual savings institutions on securities markets is explained by the overall level of development, education, demographic structure or the legal environment.


This chapter introduces the concept of using Enterprise Architecture and associated practices as a method for helping establish and align Green ICT initiatives within organizations as part of an overall ICT Strategy. The chapter introduces the reader to the use of architectural layers – Business, Information, System and Technical as a means of analyzing areas within the ICT environment where Green ICT implementations can have a positive impact. Enterprise Architecture as a function can assist in driving Green ICT initiatives because it is specifically focused as a practice in the long term planning, development and management of an organisation's ICT environment. This provides the opportunity to embed Green ICT objectives in a way not necessarily possible with traditional business planning.


Two low-molecularweight(LMW) κ-carrageenans were prepared by oxidative degradation of κ-carrageenans involving hydrogen peroxide.The tetrabutylammonium salts(TBA) were prepared by tetrabutylammonium,then aeylated with succinic anhydride to obtain succinyl derivatives of LMW κcarrageenan.The products were characterized by FTIR.The antioxidant activity of products was tested by the scavenging of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical.The results showed that the scavenging ability of LMW κ-carrageenans' derivatives against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical decreased.


After twenty five years of teaching thermal fluid sciences it was intriguing and refreshing to find myself reviewing an established general text in Fluid Mechanics that I was not too familiar with. To find that this is a comprehensive and very well written book was even more welcome. It covers the classical topics of fluid flow: Kinematics, Conservation Laws, Vorticity Dynamics, Irrotational Flow, Gravitational Waves, Viscous flow and Boundary Layers, which are all treated rigorously. However, one of the greatest assets of the book is that it includes chapters with good coverage on the basics of numerical solution techniques, stability theory and the fundamental characteristics of turbulence combined with an interesting selection of application topics such as Aerodynamics, Biofluid Dynamics and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. In a substantial book of over 800 pages it attempts to provide a complete overview of the subject of fluid mechanics from fundamentals to how it can be used. However, the potential reader needs to be warned; this is a not a text book for a complete newcomer to the subject. It has a rigorous mathematical approach and makes no apology for it; Chapter 2 is on Cartesian Tensors for example. It would suit a graduate engineering student who has a need to attain a greater depth than normally found in undergraduate engineering courses or an applied physics or mathematical graduate who is approaching fluid mechanics for the first time. A welcome addition to the 4th edition is the inclusion of the wonderful Multimedia Fluid Mechanics DVD, 2nd edition by Homsey et al which has been significantly extended from the first edition. Unfortunately the DVD is a standalone addition to the text and is not well integrated into the book chapters. With a 4th edition one expects a steady development in the content, corrections to errors and improvements in explanations but with the essential benefits of previous editions maintained. This has certainly been achieved and the new chapter on Biofluid Mechanics makes an uncommon and useful addition which may widen the book's attraction. The book has a dated approach to presentation compared to modern teaching texts but beyond that this is a book of substance and worthy of a place on the book shelf of any academic, engineer or applied scientist who has a need or desire to see the broader picture at a more rigorous level.


The calculation of circular dichroism (CD) data by means of dynamic coupling procedures(coupled oscillators-.s or polarizability" models) is increasingly used in organic chemistry to establish spectra-structure relationship and to assign" molecular absolute configurations, i. e. to solve one of the most difficult problems in structural chemistry. Generally, the above approaches are formulated in a quantum-mechanical frame," even if several procedures are known.! like the DeVoe model,4c,d which largely use the methods of classical physics. In this model, a molecule is considered to be composed of a set of sub-systems, the chromophores: they are polarized by the external electromagnetic radiation and are coupled each other by their own dipolar oscillating fields. The optical properties (absorption, refraction, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism) of the molecule under study can be calculated taking into account the above interaction of the sub-systems. This model has been successfully used to reproduce the CD spectra of different multichromophoric systems." A particular effort has been made to treat even simple organic molecules composed of asingle chromophoreperturbed by alkyl groups only." In this frame one of the applications reported deals= with the calculation of the circular dichroism allied to the lA! -+lB2 electrically allowed transition in 1,3disubstituted chiral allenes. This fact stimulated us to reconsider the optical activity of chiral, open chain 1,3-diand 1,3,3-trisubstituted allenes? with the aim of finding a simple relationship between the CD and structure.


The effect of slow-freezing at -20°C and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) at -196°C on drip, oil absorption, and carotenoid retention in frozen carrots was investigated. The loss of fluid on thawing as evaluated by centrifugation was 4 % in the slow-freezing samples, and 1 % in the LNF samples. The difference in drip between the two treatments may be attributed to the change in cell wall structre having the alow-freezing process at -20°C. Slow freezing causes damage to the structure and texture of frozen carrots due to crushing and tearing of the tissues during ice formation. When the frozen carrot slices were thawed at room temperature for one hour and then reach 3 %. Oil fried in salad oil at 160 to 170°C for 30 to 60 seconds, the oil absorption by the carrot tissue may absorption by the carrot slices varied with degree of thawing, time of frying, and the methods of freezing. Frying time influences greatly the quantity of oil absorbed by the carrot tissue. Caroten oid pigments in frozen carrots are quite stable. Freezing temperature does not affect the level of provitamin A in the frozen products. There was a slight decrease in provitamin content in the fried product due to the extraction of the carotenoid pigments by the frying oil. Because of the short time of frying at moderate temperature, the retention of the provitamin A in the product was satisfactory. The fried product has an attractive color, aroma and flavor.


Abstract This study aimed to investigate the environmental contamination of nucleic acid at 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) vaccination site and to evaluate the effect of improvement to the vaccination process. Nucleic acid samples were collected from the surface of the objects in 2019-nCOV vaccination point A (used between 15 November 2020 and 25 December 2020) and point B (used after 27 December 2020) in a comprehensive tertiary hospital. Samples were collected from point A before improvement to the vaccination process, and from point B (B1 and B2) after improvement to the vaccination process. The real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction method was used for detection. The positive rate of vaccination room was 47.06% (24/51) at point A. No positive result was found in point B1 both at working hours (0/27) and after terminal disinfection (0/27). In point B2, the positive results were found in vaccine's outer packaging and staff gloves at working hours, with a positive rate of 7.41% (2/27). The positive rate was 0 (0/27) after terminal disinfection in point B2. The nucleic acid contamination in the vaccination room of 2019-nCOV vaccine nucleic acid sampling point is serious, which can be avoided through the improvement and intervention (such as personal protection, vaccination operation and disinfection methods).


The study of the 18th century English women and their writings has been one of the hot spots of the attention recently.This article analyses the combined elements that improved women′s conditions and status and the rise,development and thriving of the literature by women through studying the great changes in the fields of politics,society,ideology and culture,women problems,the rise and development of public and circulating libraries,the first appearance of women magazines,the formation of the dominant women readers,professional women writers,etc.


We describe a technique to correct enophthalmos that involves measurement of the volume of the injured orbit followed by an accurate replacement of this volume with an autogenous bone graft. Twelve consecutive patients were treated with this technique and all but one showed an improvement in enophthalmos. Four of the seven with diplopia improved after the operation.


Collinear photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) is a widely used method for the spatially resolved determination of the optical attenuation coefficient. In this work we rigorously model the signal contributions in PDS on semiconductors below the band gap energy. The dependencies of the PDS signal on selected experimental parameters (pump beam intensity, crossing angle, chopper frequency and distance from the pump beam focus) are computed and compared with previous calculation results that are based on simplified assumptions. We find that for high pump beam intensities and sample materials with high two photon absorption coefficients beside the mirage effect nonlinear absorption mechanisms have a strong impact on the signal. Furthermore, we show that angular deflection effects can significantly enhance the PDS signal. For example, the conical refractive index field due to the pump beam divergence leads to an angular deflection at readout points outside the pump beam focus. Considering these additional signal contributions is crucial to determine proper absorption properties.


This article presents the group method of data handling (GMDH)application, which is one of the computational techniques for conducting scientific and technical research, namely in the quantitative measurement of knowledge acquired in the educational process. Basically, an attempt is made to present the information about GMDH, its application in knowledge acquisition using the ergonomic modeling.


The anatomical and functional complexities of mitral valve pathologies render clinical decision-making and intervention challenging particularly in emergent settings such as acute papillary muscle (PM) rupture. Although rare since the advent of percutaneous coronary intervention, PM rupture carries a dismal prognosis, with a recent multicentre study published in this journal revealing an in-hospital mortality of 24.9% in those undergoing surgical intervention [1]. Given the rarity of PM rupture, the literature comprises of small retrospective studies producing a paucity of evidence to comprehensively guide patient selection, timing of intervention and the use of bridging strategies Moreover, the limited evidence base precludes a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical, haemodynamic and physiological mechanisms underpinning outcomes in such patients. In this context, Marin-Cuartas et al. [2] have developed the an ex vivo platform comprising of porcine valves mounted within a left heart simulator to model the haemodynamic effects of acute PM rupture simulated by incrementally cutting chordae to a given PM head. Ex vivo mitral models are fundamental to mitral research and this diligently designed study provides an apt reminder of the strengths of this modelling modality in enhancing our understanding of mitral disease processes and spawning research hypotheses especially in areas where the evidence base is limited such as PM rupture. This commendable hypothesis generating work suggests the presence of sub-phenotypic groups within those with PM rupture, the characterization of which could allow for more precise and efficacious interventional strategies and sets the stage for further study in this challenging research area. Given the acuity and rarity of PM rupture, such information would be difficult to derive from clinical studies. Despite the robust study design, the limitations of ex vivo mitral modelling are also apparent. Indeed, porcine models are not patient specific and do not fully emulate the complex biomechanics and anatomical variations of human mitral tissue nor would they simulate the various aetiologies of PM rupture and the concomitant sequalae such as left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia. Validation of such models is difficult, thereby limiting their translational value to only experimental use. Largescale use of animal tissue within ex vivo simulators may also be costly and carry ethical implications. The advent and rapid evolution of disruptive technologies in medicine—namely three-dimensional (3D) printing, computational modelling, machine learning and extended realities—and advances in cardiac imaging have the scope to revolutionize mitral modelling. Moreover, they bear the translational potential to facilitate 'personalized' cardiac care and improve clinical outcomes by offering patient-specific procedure planning, surgical simulation training and procedural augmentation. Such technologies are also capable of being integrated with ex vivo platforms, therefore enhancing their effectiveness. Indeed, it is unlikely that ex vivo platforms will be rendered obsolete with the advent of these novel technologies. By integrating volumetric cardiac imaging, material technologies and software engineering, 3D printing transforms digital objects into 3D replicas through multi-layered material deposition over a digitally defined geometry. Advances in cardiac imaging—notably in cardiac CT and 3D transoesophageal echo (TOE)—enable rendering of highly accurate 3D images of cardiac structures. Progress in software engineering, particularly with the integration of machine learning (ML), now enables highly accurate and rapid delineation of anatomical boundaries in a process known as segmentation [3]. Meanwhile, polyjet printers could enable the fusion of multiple printing materials to better emulate the structural complexities of human valves. Therefore, having begun from simply 3D printing mitral valve replicas for anatomical observation of pathology, it is now feasible to create costeffective patient-specific deformable mitral valve replicas, which can be modelled within a left heart simulator using TOE, thereby enabling haemodynamic and imaging characterization of mitral pathologies as demonstrated by Ginty et al. [4]. Such platforms carry the potential for incorporation into patient-specific procedure planning, the evaluation of novel mitral technologies and simulation training. The domain agnostic nature of ML enables identification of complex associations within big data with the efficacy of such models increasing with volume of inputted data. The quantitative nature of structural heart imaging naturally lends itself to ML and such methods have found a myriad of applications in mitral modelling particularly in automating and enhancing mitral segmentation to rapidly produce accurate 3D mitral replicas in the EX P ER IM EN TA L


Abstract The non-linear dielectric effect (NDE) technique was applied to the studies of the ferro-paraelectric phase transition in TGS, [(CH3)2NH2]Sb2Br9 (DMABA) and [(CH3)2NH2]3Sb2Cl9 (DMACA) crystals. The NDE response for these three crystals was explained in terms of the reversed polarization process. The critical exponents were estimated for TGS and DMACA.


TABLE OF CONTENTS. Acknowledgments. Introduction, by Molly McGarry and George E. Haggerty. Part I. Queer Politics in the Time of War and Shopping or: Why Sex? Why Now?. 1. Sex, Secularism, and the "War on Terrorism:" The Role of Sexuality in Multi-Issue Organizing- Janet R. Jakobsen. 2. Freedom and the Racialization of Intimacy: Lawrence v. Texas and the Emergence of Queer Liberalism- David L. Eng. 3. "No Atheists in the Foxhole": Toward a Radical Queer Politics in A Post-9-11 World- Sharon Holland. 4. Queer Love in the Time of War and Shopping- Martin F. Manalansan IV. 5. Who Needs Civil Liberties?- Richard Meyer. Part II. Histories, Genealogies and Futurities. 6. The Relevance of Race for the Study of Sexuality- Roderick A. Ferguson. 7. The Present Future of Lesbian Historiography- Valerie Traub. 8. Deviant Teaching- David M. Halperin. 9. After Sontag: Future Notes on Camp- Ann Pellegrini. 10. Queer Spectrality: Haunting the Past- Carla Frecerro. Part III. Desire for Gender. 11. The Desire for Gender- Robyn Wiegman. 12. Beyond Tolerance: Resisting Economic Injustice, Struggling for Gender Self-Determination- Dean Spade. 13. The History of Aphallia and the Intersexual Challenge to Sex/Gender- Vernon Rosario. 14. Gesture and Utterance: Fragments from a Butch Femme Archive- Juana Rodriguez. Part IV. Queer Belongings. 15. Queer Belongings: Kinship Theory and Queer Theory- Elizabeth Freeman. 16. Forgetting Family: Queer Alternatives to Oedipal Relations - Judith Halberstam. 17. Between Friends- Jennifer Doyle. 18. Queer Regions: Locating Lesbians in Sancharram - Gayatri Gopinath. 19. The Light That Never Goes Out: Butch Intimacies and Sub-urban Sociabilities in "Lesser Los Angeles"- Karen Tongson. Part V. Performing Theory or, Theory in medias res. 20. "Serious Innovation:" A Conversation with Judith Butler- Jordana Rosenberg. 21. Materiality, Pedagogy, and Queer Visibility- Amy Villarejo. 22. Melos, Telos, and Me: Deviations of Identity in the Rock Musical- James Tobias. 23. Promising Complicities: On the Sex, Race, and Globalization Project- Miranda Joseph and David Rubin. 24. Queerness as Horizon: Utopian Hermeneutics in the Face of Gay Pragmatism- Jose Esteban Munoz


With the gas turbine rotor inlet temperature continuous upward,gas turbine blade cooling becomes increasingly important.The internal cooling channel with ribs is a key part of blade cooling.The history and state-of-the-art internal cooling with ribs for gas turbine blade are reviewed.The heat transfer of stationary channel with ribs,effects of rotating on heat transfer of ribbed channel,and the compound cooling technique of ribs incorporating with other cooling technique are also reviewed in detail.The heat transfer of stationary channel with ribs has been investigated for several decades and the influence of rotation on heat transfer has been studied in depth for years.However,the compound cooling in rotary condition is still a new topic.The optimization of rotating ribbed channel and developing compound cooling technique of ribs incorporating with other cooling technique orient to the forthcoming blade internal cooling.


The numerical solution of linear elliptic partial differential equations most often involves a finite element or finite difference discretization. To preserve sparsity, the arising system is normally solved using an iterative solution method, commonly a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Preconditioning is a crucial part of such a solution process. It is desirable that the total computational cost will be optimal, i.e. proportional to the degrees of freedom of the approximation used, which also includes mesh independent convergence of the iteration. This paper surveys the equivalent operator approach, which has proven to provide an efficient general framework to construct such preconditioners. Hereby one first approximates the given differential operator by some simpler differential operator, and then one chooses as preconditioner the discretization of this operator for the same mesh. In this survey we give a uniform presentation of this approach, including theoretical foundation and several practically important applications.


In Workers, Unions, and Global Capitalism: Lessons from India, Rohini Hensman maintains that globalisation has afforded workers new opportunities for confronting capitalist exploitation. Using India as a point of departure, Hensman highlights globalisation as paradoxical, challenging anti-globalisers and the globalisation-as-imperialism thesis, to argue that capital's toilers are now becoming its gravediggers. This analysis also explains why the World Trade Organization ( WTO) is so appealing to Hensman: a quintessence of capitalism's contradictions. Hensman argues for both transnational solidarity and independent trade unions, embodied in the 'employees' unions' of India, as well as in favour of the WTO's 'social clause' amendment, in which the global exploiter is transformed into an arbiter of workers' rights. The review maintains that the terms of Hensman's twin position are impossible to reconcile. It evinces an underlying contradiction between opportunistic statism and a conception of revolutionary strategy predicated on action 'from below'.


.................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments .......................................................................................iii List of abbreviations......................................................................................iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................ 1.3 1.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................ 1.3 1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................................ 1.4 1.4 GENERAL OUTLINE OF THESIS.................................................................................................................... 1.5 1.5 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................... 1.7 CHAPTER 2: PRINCIPLES OF STEEL CORROSION ............................................................................... 2.1 2.1 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS................................................................................................................... 2.1 2.1.1 Gibbs Free Energy............................................................................................................................. 2.2 2.1.2 Gibbs free energy and chemical potential.......................................................................................... 2.3 2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND THE NERNST EQUATION ...................................................... 2.4 2.3 POURBAIX DIAGRAMS ................................................................................................................................ 2.7 2.4 IRON OXIDE STABILITY AND PASSIVITY ................................................................................................... 2.10 2.5 KINETICS OF CORROSION REACTIONS....................................................................................................... 2.13 2.5.1 Activation Polarization .................................................................................................................... 2.15 2.5.2 Concentration polarization .............................................................................................................. 2.18 2.5.3 Resistance polarization.................................................................................................................... 2.19 2.6 COMBINED KINETIC HALF-CELL REACTIONS AND THE EVANS DIAGRAM................................................... 2.20 2.7 PASSIVITY AND KINETIC CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................... 2.25 2.8 EFFECT OF CHLORIDES.............................................................................................................................. 2.29 2.8.1 Influence of chloride concentration on corrosion process............................................................... 2.32 2.9 EFFECT OF SULPHIDES............................................................................................................................... 2.34 2.10 CHAPTER SUMMARY............................................................................................................................... 2.38 2.11 REFERENCE............................................................................................................................................. 2.40 CHAPTER 3: PORE WATER CHEMISTRY.......................................................3.1 3.1 PORE SOLUTION CHEMISTRY...................................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1.1 Major Anion and Cation Composition of Pore Solution.................................................................... 3.3 3.1.2 Role of sulphides and other minor anions in pore solution chemistry ............................................... 3.6 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES................................................................................................................... 3.11


In this paper, we improve the sup-norm bound and the lower bound of the number of nodal domains for CM Maass forms, which are a distinguished sequence of Laplacian eigenfunctions on an arithmetic hyperbolic surface. More specifically, let $\phi$ be a CM Maass form with spectral parameter $t_\phi$, then we prove that $\|\phi\|_\infty \ll t_\phi^{3/8+\varepsilon} \|\phi\|_2$, which is an improvement over the bound $t_\phi^{5/12+\varepsilon} \|\phi\|_2$ given by Iwaniec and Sarnak. As a consequence, we get a better lower bound for the number of nodal domains intersecting a fixed geodesic segment under the Lindel\"{o}f Hypothesis. Unconditionally, we prove that the number of nodal domains grows faster than $t_\phi^{1/8-\varepsilon}$ for any $\varepsilon>0$ for almost all CM Maass forms.


Objective As started in the title.Methods A randomized,single blind,and self-controlled study was conducted in 52 patients with obstinate hypertension.They were treated with twice daily doses of 10 mg arotenolol for 4 weeks,and the ambulatory BP was monitored in 15 of them.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the mean pressure decreased from (22.0/13.6±1.8/1.1)kPa to (18.8/12.0±1.6/1.1)kPa (P0.01),and the mean heart rate decreased from (84.5±12.1)min to (67.2±9.5)min.The ambulatory BP monitory in 15 patients suggested that a steady BP can be maintained without fluctuation throughout 24 h by arotenolol.There is no difference in the effect between day and night.Conclusion Arotinolol is effective in treating obstinate hypertension and has less side effects.


PURPOSE: A method of contraception provides a biphasic combination progestin/estrogen oral contraceptive regimen for females of child-bearing age provides effective contraception, good cycle control, and minimal side effects while greatly reducing the total contraceptive steroid administered (particularly the estrogenic component) per 28day cycle. CONSTITUTION: A method of contraception comprises of administering to a female of childbearing age for 23-25 consecutive days, a first phase combination of a progestin at a daily dosage of 40-500 μg trimegestone, 250 μg - 4 mg dienogest, or 250 μg - 4 mg drospirenone, and an estrogen at a daily dosage equivalent in estrogenic activity to 10-20 μg ethinyl estradiol for 9-13 days beginning on day 1 of the menstrual cycle, wherein the same dosage of the progestin and estrogen combination is administered in each of the 9-13 days, and a second phase combination of a progestin at a daily dosage of 40-500 μg trimegestone, 250 μg - 4 mg dienogest, or 250 μg - 4 mg drospirenone, and an estrogen at a daily dosage equivalent in estrogenic activity to 10-20 μg ethinyl estradiol, for 11-15 days beginning on the day immediately following the last day of administration of the first phase combination, wherein the same dosage of the progestin and estrogen combination is administered in each of the 11-15 days, provided that the daily dosage of second phase progestin is greater than the daily dosage of the first phase progestin and that the daily dosage of the second phase estrogen is greater than or equal to the daily dosage of the first phase estrogen.