This thesis describes the development of a new approach to measuring the growth of plant roots. Work on changing the growth patterns of plants by the introduction of the right materials into their feed as well as the process of genetic manipulation is enhanced by being able to measure the growth of the plants roots in real time. Previous work in doing this has been subject to low reliability due in part to the nature of the problem. Plant root growth rates are of the order of 0.1 μm per second and thus have to be captured under the microscope. The plant surfaces show low contrast and have few predictable features so many methods prove to be inappropriate. Previous work in the measurement made use of the RootFlowRT software that uses a combination of a tensor based method and a correspondence method. However, the results from these methods have a high level of unreliability. The tensor method as applied shows a reliability of less than 10% and work carried out in this thesis shows that the correspondence method on its own cannot reliably predict the growth rates for large areas in any root.

The work has introduced the use of Scale Space Optical Flow method to replace the previous tensor method and this has been shown to have a reliability of greater than 30% in almost all cases. The results of this method are then used to refine the search space for the correspondence method and again increase the reliability of the measurements.

The validity of the final results using the current method are thus shown to be a great improvement on the previous method. For comparison:

Percentage of measurements in the correct direction and size

• RootFlowRT 70%
• Current method 95%

Maximum spread of invalid results
• RootFlowRT +/-200% in size and 100% in direction
• Current method +/-10% in size or direction


One of the seminal lessons that came with the emergence of chaotic dynamics and fractal mathematics was the realization that even the most seemingly complex and disorderly systems in nature might be following simple rules. This discovery brought about a major shift in perspective in applied fields committed to understanding such unruly things as weather systems, animal populations, and financial markets. It has also brought about a significant change of perspective in art.


INTRODUCTION Forest machinery interact considerably with environment, hence improper selection and operation of harvesters and forwarders can have major negative environmental impacts. Harvesting conditions vary considerably across Europe, from the peat based soils of Ireland, Scotland and Finland, to the steep escarpments of northern Italy and the frozen soils of the Nordic countries. Many of these sites may be classified as 'sensistive' and a need exists to develop appropriate mechanisation systems for them. By selecting and using forestry machinery in an integrated manner, the negative environmental consquences of wood harvesting and extraction/delivery processes can be minimised. Designers and manufacturers of such machinery also need to be fully aware of the potential environmental consequences of inappropriate machine design, selection and operation on such sites.


Dependence of the content of intracellular methionine and its distribution between the fraction of the high-molecular intracellular compounds and the cytoplasmic amino acid pool in the cephalosporin C-producing organism A. chrysogenum on the content of the carbohydrate source in the medium was studied. In the presence of both glucose and sucrose accumulation of methionine in the cells was observed prior to the antibiotic production. With the use of 35S- or 2(14)C-methionine it was shown that glucose had no repressing effect on methionine transport by the cells of different age (24 and 72 hours). In the presence of glucose the higher levels of 35S- or 2(14)C-methionine were detected in the fraction of the low-molecular compounds of the cells within the first 36 hours of the culture growth. Apparently, the intracellular methionine was used to a larger extent for protein synthesis rather than for construction of the antibiotic molecule.


What are Russian foreign policy objectives? It depends on whom you ask. In making assessments of Russia's behavior in the world, it is absolutely critical that we recognize that Russia today is not a totalitarian state ruled by a Communist Party with a single and clearly articulated foreign policy of expanding world socialism and destroying world capitalism and democracy. That state disappeared in 1991. Rather, Russia is a democratizing state--a weakly institutionalized democracy with several deficiencies, but a democratizing state nonetheless. Russia's foreign policy, in turn, is a product of domestic politics in a pluralistic system. In democracies, "states" do not have foreign policy objectives. Rather, individual political leaders, parties, and interest groups have foreign policy objectives. Under certain conditions, these various forces come together to support a united purpose in foreign affairs. At other times, these disparate groups can have conflicting views about foreign policy objectives. They can even support the same foreign policy objective for different reasons.(1) Russia today is no different. Although Russian leaders share in supporting a few common, general foreign policy objectives, they disagree on many others. They also disagree on the means that should be deployed to achieve the same foreign policy objective. The foreign policy that eventually results is a product of debate, political struggle, electoral politics, and' lobbying by key interest groups. Because Russia is undergoing revolutionary change internally, the foreign policy that results from Russian domestic politics can change quickly. This article makes the case for the centrality of domestic politics in the articulation and implementation of Russian foreign policy. The first section discusses briefly why realism--a theory that assumes a unitary actor--cannot account for Russia's behavior in the international system over the last decade and why the domestic level of analysis offers a better lens for explaining Russian foreign policy. The second section outlines the small set of foreign policy issues around which a consensus has emerged in Russia. The third section describes the major schools of thought in Russia about foreign policy. The fourth section then gives a brief historical overview of the evolution of Russian foreign policy since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, demonstrating how the fates and fortunes of different political groups in Russia have brought changes in Russian foreign policy. The fifth section turns to the Kosovo crisis and shows how these different schools of thought have understood and influenced Russia's role in the conflict. The sixth section discusses how Russia's parliamentary election, scheduled for December 1999, and its presidential election, scheduled for June 2000, could change Russian foreign policy. The conclusion examines the implications of Russia's many foreign policies for U.S.-Russian relations. Supplementing Realism with Domestic Politics The mainstream of international relations theory has no place for domestic politics in explaining or predicting state behavior. Realism posits that state behavior can be explained by treating states as rational, unitary actors seeking to survive in an anarchic world.(2) To provide first for their own security, as well as pursue other objectives of national interest, states seek power.(3) As Hans Morganthau starkly stated, "International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power. Whatever the ultimate aims of international politics, power is always the immediate aim."(4) States can acquire power either by internal balancing--increasing internal power capabilities--or by external balancing--alliance building.(5) Variables that do not relate directly to power capabilities of states are not part of the framework of analysis for realist theorists. Ideologies, domestic politics, economic activity, or international institutions are understood as either epiphenomenal, reflections of power, or components of power. …


Accepted: 05.07.2021 The integer is a basic concept in studying arithmetic and algebra. However, students still frequently experience misconceptions, especially in negative integer, count operations. Traditional games are activities that are often carried out by students in coastal areas so that they are relevant to be used as a tool to construct learning trajectories in solving integer word problems. The aim of this study is to produce a learning trajectory that can be used to solve integer word problems using traditional games. This study used a design-based research. Participants in this study were five grade sixth elementary school students. There are 6 sub-topics studied, i.e., the concept of negative integers, sequence integers, addition and subtraction operations, division and multiplication operations, mixed count operations, and solving problems related to integers. The results of this study obtained student learning trajectories for each sub-topic including the free play, collecting data from the game results, making mathematical relationships, building concepts, and applying them to various problems. Students are able to do problem-solving based on the sequence of tasks but require intervention so they can apply it to other situations without engaging in activities. Further research is required for more in-depth exploration on thinking process, instruction types, and behaviours that students might display independently without using traditional games in solving integer word problems.


The global economic crisis, the popular discontent against traditional parties and post-democratic forms of governance, as well as the sharp increase in migrant and refugee arrivals have led to the resurgence of populist parties around the world. Left-wing parties usually express an inclusionary populist discourse with patriotic features, while right-wing parties utilize an exclusionary populism with strong nationalist and xenophobic characteristics. In Greece in recent years, the radical left party of SYRIZA rose to power through a left-wing populist and anti-imperialist discourse. Alexis Tsipras formed a paradox coalition government with the radical right party of ANEL to reach an agreement that would lessen the effects of austerity policies. However, once in office, SYRIZA transformed some features of its political style and began to follow a type of "pragmatic populism". This paper examines the relationship between populism and anti-imperialism, while analyzing SYRIZA's discourse in opposition and in power. The questions that it attempts to answer are: does Tsipras express an anti-imperialist discourse both in opposition and in power? What forces are considered imperialist by SYRIZA? Can the notion of "crypto-colonialism" explain the rise of left-wing populism in Greece?


Adjoint triples are an interesting generalization of t-nor ms and their residuated implications, since they increase t he flexibility in the framework where they are used. Following t he same motivation of adjoint triples, in order to reduce the mathematical requirements for the computation, extended-order algebras are studied. Extended-order algebras are implicative algebras that generalize the integral residuated structures. In this paper, adjoint triples will be related to the operators considered in exten ded-order algebras. Furthermore, a comparison between adjoint negations and the negations introduced in extended-order algebras is presented.


Characterizing the workload is a necessary part of any system performance evaluation effort. This necessity is a consequence of the sensitivity of the performance indices of interest, be they productivity or responsiveness indices, to the nature, composition and intensity of the workload processed by the system being evaluated. No matter how we define it, performance cannot be expressed by quantities independent of the system's workload. 1


Recently network threats faced by universities are constantly escalating, and the traditional means of protection have been unable to meet the current network information security situation. Big data technology can integrate massive logs data and analyze network security risks in real time, so as to implement functions such as network assets management, massive logs management, security events analysis, attack events tracing, dangerous events warning, and security situation awareness, and consequently building up a comprehensive network information security system to provide decision support for network information security in universities.


During the preparation of HNDT applications, it is common practice to carry out a number of experiments in order to gain knowledge about detectable and nondetectable flaws, and to select optimum testing conditions. In many cases, considerable effort is necessary especially for advanced materials with anisotropic properties. This paper proposes an alternate approach: completely simulating the component behavior as well as the HNDT process. Considerable savings occure in both time and cost items, and in addition a direct relationship can be established between the damage significance of a flaw and its visibility by interferometric techniques.


This paper analyzed the current situation of intercollegiate exchange between universities in Fujian and Taiwan.The paper proposed that Fujian Province still has advantages in Taiwan-related education with the principle of reciprocity and mutual benefit.The exchange and cooperation has been furthering between universities in Fujian and Taiwan with the good prospect.


I describe here how the Iridium mobile satellite system was coordinated with radio astronomy in Europe. It was a difficult episode that we all need to learn from. Negotiations began in 1991, when Motorola approached me about the possibility of a small delegation visiting Jodrell Bank, to discuss the Iridium satellite system and ways of minimizing any possible interference to radio astronomy, in particular in the frequency band 1610.6-1613.8 MHz. Iridium planned to use the frequency band 1616-1626.5 MHz to provide mobile communications anywhere on the globe, via a constellation of 66 satellites. The Iridium system is unique in using the same frequencies for uplinks and downlinks, through time division, with a 90-millisecond duty cycle. Individual messages are transmitted in bursts, in separate time and frequency channels, a combination of TDMA (time division multiple access) and FDMA (frequency division multiple access). The visit in August 1991 was very friendly and productive. It included a oneday plenary meeting with representatives of British Aerospace and Motorola, as well as smaller meetings. Key issues to emerge from the discussions were possible interference from the Iridium downlink (unwanted emissions into the radio astronomy band), and the possibility of using a beacon transmitter at the radio observatory to inhibit transmissions from Iridium mobile terminals whenever they were close enough to detect the beacon. It was also clear, to the radio astronomers at least, that the downlink issue was pan-European, and would need to be negotiated at European level, simply because of the large area served by each satellite. I suggested that Motorola and Iridium take the matter up with the CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations) and with CRAF (Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies of the European Science Foundation). It was many years before these suggestions bore fruit, as summarized in Table 1.


Cultures as discrete, isolated, countable units have been contested in anthropological writings in recent decades, and few anthropologists would now subscribe to a notion of humankind being the sum of culturally and neatly defined sub-units. this scepticism about cultural classification on different scales has not done away with the need for just such classification. We need to discuss who is more or less similar to whom in terms of language, economic behaviour, religion, or whatever in order to explore co-variation: what else changes if one of these features changes? the present paper discusses alternative ways of subdividing the world into cultural units. the major focus is on Hann's notion of eurasia being somehow different from the rest and made up by a number of civilisations that differ less from each other than one would expect if they were found anywhere on the globe ("the unity of the landmass") (Hann 2008: 147). another focus is on civilisation belts running all around the globe. yet further delineations of regions meaningful for anthropological purposes are discussed in passing. Generally, the question is how and under which methodological conditions the units thus constructed can be used for the anthropological study of variation and co-variation. 1 acknowledgements: i thank michael banton, keebet von benda-beckmann, aleksandar Bošković, John eidson, and Patrick Heady for comments on an earlier version of this paper and in particular j. Christoph winter, who taught me a great deal at an earlier stage of my career and to whom i owe valuable hints for the present paper. Chris Hann has made some helpful clarifications. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of those whose help I acknowledge.


ABSTRACT Based on the assumption that learning is 'situated' and learning strategies are derived from a learning context, and using a grounded theory approach, this study examined how 12 students from two college English classes in Taiwan used strategies over time along the path of their EFL learning. The findings showed that the students' strategy use varied as they responded to different contextual situations, with two inter-related themes emerging from our analysis: strategy use in changing environments and strategy use in fulfilling learning needs. It was also found that the interplay of individuals with the various elements of their learning context was to be crucial in forming learner strategies.


This user's guide will help fire managers interpret the output from FIREFAMILY, a computer program that uses historic weather data for fire planning. The guide describes options within the program and explains various tables and graphs necessary for planning. It also provides details which computer specialists need to run the program.


Abstract This study examined the perceptions of self, family, and school of Indian children and adolescents from intact, widowed and divorced families. The subjects (N = 240) were administered the Semantic Differential Scale (constructed to measure attitudes towards self, family members, teacher and school) and the Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1967). The results indicated that children from divorced families view their fathers statistically significantly more negatively and their teachers more positively than those from intact and widowed families. Primary school children perceived the self, family, teacher and school more positively than secondary school children. This difference was most distinct (for perceptions of family and teacher) in the intact group and least distinct in the divorced group. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.


Drum brake squeal is a common discomfort. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms that generate drum brake squeal and to create a base for the search for solutions. A series of steps towards the understanding of these mechanisms are taken. Firstly, a simple model for friction-induced vibration is presented. The solutions to this model might be unstable in spite of a constant coefficient of friction. The essential thing observed is that a coupling between different modes is necessary to form instabilities. The coupling is shown to be between two translational degrees of freedom. Secondly, the mathematical model for friction-induced vibration is refined to take the flexibility of the drum, shoes and linings into account. This model is used to study the mechanisms that couple modes. The analysis shows that there are four mechanisms present in generating drum brake squeal. These mechanisms all occur owing to lining deformations, and the instability type is given the name "Lining Deformation Induced Instabilities". The mechanisms create waves that move in different directions. In a squealing brake, all the waves are superposed, which leads the solution towards a standing wave. A standing wave or synchronous vibration is always stable, and if a pure synchronous vibration is created, the noise would be eliminated at the source. The experimental partt of the investigation concerns the measurement of the vibration of a drum brake. The deflection shape is measured in operation, i.e. while the vehicle is running on a test ground. The deflection shape covers radial vibrations of the drum as well as radial and tangential vibrations of the leading shoe. The accelerometers are distributed both axially and tangentially on both the shoe and the drum. Finally, a finite element model for friction-induced vibration and noise generation is used to study the influence of different self-excitations on drum brake squeal. The model is semi-three-dimensional, with a two-dimensional drum and three-dimensional shoes. A contact element is derived that takes the friction variation into account as well as follower forces and negative .my.-velocity slope. For the brake analyzed, the results are: "Stick-Slip" is impossible for vehicle speeds over 0.04 km/h. The destabilizing effect of the "Negative .my.-Velocity Slope" is less than the stabilizing effect of the material damping of the parts. "Self-Locking" is shown to be impossible. The "Lining Deformation Induced Instability" type results in great squeal propensity. The instabilities from "Follower Forces" are negligible. The rotation of the drum gives frequency shifts that stabilize the brake. The frequencies and mode shapes generated from the model with the lining deformation induced instability type show very good agreement with the measured ones. With the knowledge of the mechanisms behind and characteristics of drum brake squeal, a set of solution classes is outlined. A series of examples is given to show the usefulness of such classes as an aid in the creative process of generating solution principles.


In this paper, we present a new optimization nesting algorithm for twodimensional nesting problems. It is based on a genetic simulated annealing algorithm considering the adaptive probability. We adopt the no-fit polygon (NFP) algorithm and the central expansion strategy to get an initial nesting strategy. Furthermore, we optimize the initial nesting strategy with the algorithm proposed in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to search the optimal sequence and the angle of the garment piece, the simulated annealing algorithm is used to avoid the genetic algorithm falling into the local optimization. The most advantage of the algorithm proposed in this paper has no requirements for the regular shapes of motherboards and sample pieces and it works well when both shapes are irregular. Our algorithm can increase the speed and efficiency of the nesting and improve utilization of the motherboard. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm is applicable and effective.


A simplified model is presented to analyse current–voltage characteristics of electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks that run on reformed hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas. The model takes into account the fuel reforming process, fuel leakages and electrochemical conversions all in an idealised manner, i.e. it assumes thermodynamic equilibrium. However, the model explicitly accounts for parameter variations that are often unavoidable under realistic testing conditions. These variations include changes in the fuel composition, changes in the fuel mass fluxes and changes in the operation temperature. In addition, internal repeat unit resistances as extracted from current–voltage data are compared with the ohmic and polarisation losses obtained from independent electrical impedance measurements data. Since the data analysis is done in a highly automated fashion, large sets of current–voltage data can be compared and 'normal' data sets can be discriminated from 'abnormal' ones. The model has the potential to accelerate testing by eliminating variations that lead to corruption and unwanted scattering of current–voltage data.


In this thesis, I designed and implemented the second iteration of a web-based system that administers survey questions to users and aggregates responses. Several survey system components were reimplemented according to an updated software architecture, and several new system components were developed. Chief among these is a web-based administration console that provides a unified access method for several frequently used functions. Individual console functions are built around an objectoriented framework that will serve as a basis for the next system design iteration. Thesis Supervisor: Jonathon Cummings Title: Assistant Professor


Materials designed using biomolecules and biomolecular fragments have drawn widespread interest in the recent past owing to their potential application in diverse areas such as tissue engineering, biosensing, and drug delivery. [1] In particular, in recent years substantial effort has been invested in strategies for preparing peptide-or protein-based biomaterials. Examples include protein-or peptide-conjugated synthetic polymers, [2] artificial protein hydrogels, [3] self-assembled nanofibers of peptide amphiphiles, [4] and lipopep-tide-containing biomimetic membranes. [5] The immobilization of peptides onto surfaces has also been widely investigated using the surfaces of glass slides, polymers, and metals. [6] Peptide-decorated surfaces enable interfacial designs that interact with biological systems in controlled ways, for example, through sequence-specific interactions that lead to the processing of the peptides. In this Full Paper, we report on the assembly of peptide-based amphiphiles at interfaces of thermotropic liquid crystals. Past studies have reported that ordering transitions in liquid crystals can be coupled to a broad range of interfacial events, thus allowing use of liquid crystals to optically amplify chemical and biological interactions at interfaces. [7–22] The study reported in this paper was motivated by the proposition that interfaces of liquid crystalline materials decorated with peptide amphiphiles may enable the reporting of a range of interactions that involve the peptides (e.g., peptide–protein interactions). Our report is organized into several parts. First, we describe the formation of mixed monolayers of a tetra(ethylene glycol)- containing lipid (CH 2 (CH 2 ) 13 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 4 OH) and a carboxylic acid-terminated lipid (CH 2 (CH 2 ) 13 (OCH 2-CH 2 ) 4 OCH 2 CO


Dirac equation near horizons of a generalized non-stationary spherically symmetric black hole with charge is discussed.Its Hawking temperature and radiation spectrum are calculated.At the same time,the equation of event horizon is given,which is consistent with the result calculated by zero-curve equation.


Background: Salivary flow rate (SFR), to estimate salivary gland dysfunction and radioactivity in different body fluids, to evaluate its intensity, were determined in thyroid patients after 131-I therapy. Material and Methods: For determination of SFR an innovative sponge test was adopted and the radioactivity in saliva, blood and serum of thyroid patients was determined by NaI (TI) Scintillation Radiation Detector. Results: There was a significant reduction in SFR at 2 weeks after RAIT. At 3 hours after administration of 555−1073 MBq to the benign thyroid patients, the radioactivity in 1 g of saliva, 2.5 mL of blood and 0.6 mL of serum was 17.24, 0.74 and 0.25 MBq respectively. In the same patients, at 2 weeks after RAIT, the radioactivity was decreased and was found to be 0.22, 0.13 and 0.09 MBq in saliva, blood and serum respectively. In malignant thyroid patients treated with 3700−9250 MBq, the radioactivity at 3 hours after RAIT in the studied samples of saliva, blood and serum was 200.72, 9.14 and 3.07 MBq and at 2 weeks after RAIT, radioactivity in samples was decreased up to 0.15, 0.05 and 0.03 MBq respectively. Conclusions: An indigenously designed sponge test was simple, safe and quick method to determine the SFR. The sudden increase of radioactivity was found in all studied samples within 3 hours after RAIT and reduced significantly at 2 weeks after RAIT. The raised radioactivity at 3 hours after RAIT was sufficient to impart its harmful effects even to all interactive persons.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk Fonden

 In critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock, neurohormonal activation is higher in females compared with males. Whether this is the case in patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not known and whether sex-based differences relate to achieving mean-arterial-pressure (MAP)-target has not previously been described.

 This was an investigator-initiated, randomized, controlled study of targeted MAP (63 vs 77 mmHg) and PaO2 (9-10 vs 13-14 kPa) interventions in 789 comatose OHCA (of presumed cardiac origin) patients. Patients underwent serial hemodynamic assessments with pulmonary artery catheter at time of insertion, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Among parameters recorded were heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP), from which cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were derived. Patient characteristics included sex for stratification, age, time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and initial electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm.

 Hemodynamic parameters from 729 patients were analysed, of which 138 (19%) were female and 591 (81%) were male. Both groups had a median age of 64 years, with median time-to-ROSC of 19 minutes in females versus 18 minutes in males. In females versus in males, SVRI and HR were higher (fig.1,2). There were no differences among sexes with regards to CI, MAP, or dose of noradrenaline. At 12 hours, median SVRI in females was 755 dyn·s/cm5·m2 (inter-quartile ratio, IQR 569-931) versus 554 dyn·s/cm5·m2 (IQR 441-684) in males (P<0.0001). At the same point in time, median HR was 71 beats/minute (bpm) in females (IQR 59-82) versus 62 bpm (IQR 54-74) in males (P<0.0001). Lastly, 12-hour median CI was 1.82 L/min/m2 (IQR 1.54-2.40) in females versus 1.95 L/min/m2 (IQR 1.63-2.43) in males (P=0.1303).

 Female comatose OHCA patients had higher SVRI and HR during the first 48 hours of ICU admission, without difference in MAP or vasopressor requirement. Sex specific physiological mechanisms may be involved in maintaining vascular resistance.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney.Methods:The clinical data of 35 cases of tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney treated by retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy from Jul.2008 to Dec.2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All 35 patients were performed retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy successfully without conversion to open surgery.The mean surgical time was(115.0±32.7)min(range 80-190min),and the mean blood loss was(105.1±54.5)ml(range 30-200ml) without blood transfusion during all operations.All patients had no complication associated with operations and showed a primary healing of the wound.The mean hospital stay of the patients was(6.3±1.4)d(range 3-8d).Follow-up of(14.9±7.2) months(range 2-30 months) in all patients showed normal function of contralateral kidney.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney is a safe and effective procedure with minimal invasiveness,has the advantages of less hemorrhage,less trauma and shorter hospital stay.It is the first choice for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney and worth farther clinical generalization.


AND so on and so on. You think a classroom exchange like this never takes place? I submit that it does, and all too often. In fact, I suggest that in the last two decades-starting with the Advanced College Placement impact of 1951more symbolic needle hunting has been conducted in secondary prose and poetry haystacks than in all the preceding years literature was studied as a subject in American schools. Usually only the college prep classes are pushed into this new-Salem witch hunt, but in these the students are encouraged to seek for warlocks behind every tree or stone, shadows within every ray of light, worms in every apple, and smaller critters inside the


Conclusion: The peak age for poisonings in children is before the age of four with significantly high diurnal frequency, significant seasonal variation in favor of summer. Medical drugs were the most common agents of poisoning, and living rooms and bedrooms the places where most poisoning occurred. Good and continuous supervision by parents is essential, especially from the age 1-5 years. There should also be legislation for the use of child resistant containers for home medicines and household agents.


tive cellulose in interplanar distances and angles. The diffuse nature of the diagrams indicates that the distance through which lateral order extends is small. This low range of order may arise from the smallness of the crystallites [21] or from disorder within them [20]. On the assumption of perfect order within the crystallites, Hengstenberg and Mark [11] ] estimated from the width of the x-ray diffraction lines that the crystallite size in a sample of regenerated cellulose was 41 X 305 A. If there is disorder within


The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an extremely effective manufacturing process to create deep and three-dimensional complex cavities. In EDM, machining occurs due to the generation of thermoelectric energy between the work piece and an electrode. EDM widely engaged for cutting superalloy material that are having high strength to wear ratio, corrosion resistance, etc. In this work, Inconel 825 material, which is nickel–chromium based superalloy, is opted due to its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. We considered various important EDM input parameters, i.e. spark gap (Sg), gap voltage (Vg), pulse on time ([Formula: see text]), pulse off time ([Formula: see text]), peak current ([Formula: see text]), servo feed (Sf), depth of cut (Dc) and difficulty index (Di) with Taguchi L[Formula: see text] orthogonal array for optimizing output responses, i.e. tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and surface crack density (SCD) in multi-objective optimization (MOO) realm. Undertaking repeated experimental runs are very expensive, tedious, time consuming and economically unjustified. Hence, we have robustly introduced a novel integrated computational Taguchi based grey relational analysis (TGRA) accompanied with Taguchi based technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (T-TOPSIS) to optimize the EDM process. This research represents that the pulse on time is the chief significant factor and the [Formula: see text] value is found as 0.002 for both TGRA and T-TOPSIS. Experimentally, it has been confirmed that the optimum settings yielding an improvement of 0.01627 and 0.28071 in TGRA and T-TOPSIS score, respectively. The comparative analysis for the methodologies is fruitfully discussed and the results clearly present the effective parametric combinations to be implicated for optimizing MOO framework. Investigation of surface topography is fruitfully presented and the effects of the pulse on time, gap voltage and pulse off time on heat affected layers, machining debris and surface cracks were also discussed. Validation tests were carried out and show closer relationship with the experimental results.


The holographic projection screens HoloProTM open up completely new application possibilities for front projections and rear projections, even under very difficult light conditions in which conventional projections are not possible. HoloProTM is used at trade fair stands, for events (for instance, brightly illuminated stages), at presentations, in shop windows and a number of other fixed installations (such as conference rooms, foyers, etc.). Another successful sales channel is the AV rental market. For the above mentioned applications the enormous brightness combined with excellent contrast is always decisive. Another important aspect is the transparency of the screen when the projector is switched off – a characteristic which no other projection screen possesses in this way. HoloProTM has an enormous variability; the screens are available in sizes ranging from 20" diagonal to a maximum size of 100" diagonal as front projection variant and rear projection variant. Even the integration in the most varied of glass objects is possible (windows, doors, etc.).


ABSTRACT Standardized literacy assessments that place emphasis on testing and attainment of results have caused many students, particularly in middle years schooling to be disenfranchised by literacy teaching and learning practices. This study employed an action research methodology to investigate whether an outdoor learning experience in a Year 7/8 English Writers Workshop course (including students aged 13–14 years) at a secondary school in Victoria, Australia enhanced creative writing capacity and engagement. This study was conducted in three stages, with qualitative and quantitative data collected. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests demonstrated significant improvement in creative writing from pre-intervention to post-intervention (z = −3.73, p < 0.001, r = −0.58). Qualitative thematic analysis identified the learning environment, quiet space, and the instructional approach as key themes. The findings provide insight into more effective teaching practices and outline how outdoor learning could be integrated into English and other curriculum learning areas.


A note on the publication of Law at the Centre, a volume to commemorate the golden jubilee of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and the inauguration of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies, provides both a history of the IALS and a guide to what the future may hold. Published in the First Page feature of Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.


This paper analyzes the present situation of county-level librarians' quality,puts forward the qualities that the librarians should possess in 21st century,and probes into some paths for improving librarians' quality.


This paper focuses on the application of Internet of Things in smart grid,and expounded the design of electric power quality monitoring based on Internet of things,including the analysis of the architecture and function of the whole system,the choice of the ways of communication about sensing layer and network layer,and the proposal of a routing algorithm of Zig Bee communication in sensing layer,power information gathering and control terminals and the concentrator design and system application layer structure. The paper developed a set of data acquisition,data display,data processing and network communication in one of the power quality monitoring system on the Internet of Things.


Refractory matrix is a key factor in determining the properties and performance, and thus the lifetime of refractory materials. The particle gradation affected both the matrix composition and microstructure. In this study, six particle gradations of high‐alumina castables were prepared based on Andreasen's model (q = 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.30 and 0.32). The influence of particle gradation on properties of high‐alumina castables bonded with 4.0 wt% reactive MgO (RM) was investigated with respect to the difference in matrix composition and microstructure. The results show that castables with q values of 0.24 and 0.26 exhibited better physical and mechanical properties after curing and drying. The castables with a q value of 0.22 showed the best volume stability after firing at 1600°C, whereas, castables with a q value of 0.24 exhibited the highest mechanical strength, and residual CMOR ratio after thermal shock testing. Based on the property analyses of castables, the optimal q value of RM‐bonded castables would be around 0.24.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


The presence of volatile fragrant molecules is generally associated with a feeling of pleasantness or cleanness in consumer products. Because of their high volatilities, the perception of fragrances is limited over time. Therefore, various delivery systems have been developed by the industry to control and extend the release of volatile ingredients by diffusion and also to protect active molecules against degradation. A promising encapsulation technique is the formation of capsules with tunable permeability, so-called colloidosomes. These are generally formed by locking the nanoparticles at the interface of a Pickering emulsion. However, there are very few articles concerning colloidosomes stabilized by covalent cross-linking. In addition, although Pickering emulsions have been known for over a century, the range of nanoparticles used to stabilize emulsions has been limited to silica, clays, polystyrene, polyacrylate latexes or metallic nanoparticles. Within the aim to apply colloidosomes or Pickering emulsions as delivery systems, the use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles such as polyester nanoparticles is of major interest. Polyester nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles with sizes generally between 20 and 500 nm that can be prepared in colloidal systems by polymerization of monomers in nano-emulsions which act as template for the nanoparticle formation. Nano-emulsions are emulsions with extremely small droplet size, typically in the range of 20-500 nm. Due to their small droplet size, nano-emulsions are transparent and present a better stability against gravitational separation than conventional emulsions. Nano-emulsions can be prepared by low-energy methods taking advantage of the internal energy of the system components which is released during the emulsification process. Despite the large number of articles describing the polymerization of monomers in nano-emulsions, only few articles refer to this process in nano-emulsions obtained by low-energy methods (Spernath, 2007). Therefore, studies on the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles from nano-emulsion droplets obtained by low-energy methods are of great interest. Concerning in-situ polymerization of monomers in nano-emulsions, many types of reactions have been reported generally requiring harsh conditions (low pH, toxic initiator, high temperature) to obtain polymers with acceptable yield and molecular weight. A research effort is needed to obtain polyester nanoparticles by polymerization under mild conditions. The global objective of this research work was the design, characterization and applications of polyester nanoparticles obtained by polymerization in mild conditions of monomer-in-water nano-emulsions obtained by low-energy methods. In a first step, bluish transparent lactone-in-water nano-emulsions are formed using either the PIT or the PIC methods at various O/S ratios and high water content. Nano-emulsions presented a good stability at room temperature and at 45oC to carry out the polymerization in the droplet of the nano-emulsions. The formation of polyester nanoparticles was achieved by ring-opening polymerization of a lactone at 45oC in nano-emulsions obtained by low-energy methods. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles such as size or crystallinity were optimized by varying the composition of the nano-emulsions template and/or the reaction parameters. Furthermore, the functionalization of the nanoparticles was confirmed by synthesizing nanoparticles by ring-opening polymerization of a hydroxy functionalized monomer or by copolymerization of two lactone monomers thereby controlling the degree of functionalization. The stabilization of emulsions of perfume-in-water by polyesters nanoparticles was investigated. Parameters such as the wettability of the nanoparticles, the concentration of nanoparticles, the ratio of each phase as well as the addition of electrolytes were studied These emulsions have been used as controlled release systems for model fragrance, but could not effectively control the release. Furthermore, in order to avoid the rapid evaporation of the perfume, the nanoparticles at the oil/water Pickering emulsions interface were covalently cross-linked leading to the formation of core-shell microcapsules, allowing the controlled release of perfume.


Hades is a 2018 video game by Supergiant Games that sees the player take control of Zagreus, an obscure son of Hades. Hades offers the player freedom to shape, order, and alter its narrative through their choices of pursuit. This article attempts to highlight aspects of this game's design by contrasting it with two prominent rogue-likes. It uses The Binding of Isaac and Dead Cells for this purpose, and to further establish similarities and differences from the rest of the genre in the narrative and the ludic. It introduces the reader to the conventional elements of a rogue-like and how Hades is equipped to work around their limitations. Through this article, I also attempt to comment on whether and how the conventional idea of the genre is evolving in videogames today and highlight how games like Hades, Dead Cells, and The Binding of Isaac are contributing to this evolution.


A dye is a substance used to impart color to fabrics or other material. Direct dyes are those which can be applied to a fabric by a dipping process. Silk and wool can be dyed in this manner, but usually in dyeing cotton a mordant is used. The mordant, a substance used to fix the dye in the cloth, determines to a great extent the color produced. Before the middle of the 19th century, dyes were made from ani-


This paper investigates the theoretical and research literature on urban resilience. It examines various definitions of the concept and explores its social, economic, and institutional dimensions as components of a dynamic system. The study design was a descriptive review of relevant material collected from high quality scientific databases using the purposeful sampling method. The results indicated that the social ecology model of urban resilience provided a coherent and dynamic approach to the study of urban resilience. This model comprises economic, social, and institutional dimensions, the components of which have different functions in relation to urban resilience in the face of changes and pressures. To be effective, the system must be flexible and contain a variety of resources and functions to make predictions, deal with adverse events, and make provision for possible failures. System stability and balance require active and knowledgeable actors and institutions that enable appropriate communication between them. In this approach, a resilient city not only has the ability to absorb and withstand disasters, but also contains a variety of internal and external resources to regain balance. Resilient systems are the result of a series of decisions and actions at different times. The necessary capacities must be developed in the economic, social, and institutional dimensions to create economic stability, increase awareness and public cooperation, and develop efficient institutions to legislate for and implement urban resilience programs.


This paper investigates the potential of using a Gamma Correction-based image enhancement and Canny edge detector to extract the shoreline position from coastal video images. Within the framework of the shoreline extraction system, Gamma correction has updated the contrast of coastal imagery to segmented and classified efficiently in land, sea and sky areas. In this study, the value of the Gamma correction factor was determined to be 1.3. At this value, the validation of the cluster value in the Self Organising Map (SOM) segmentation has shown an increasing perform of cluster, from the reasonable cluster to the strong cluster. Furthermore, the mechanism of classification of land, sea and sky objects in coastal imagery is done by extracting the texture features on each cluster. Then, feature information is stored for the classification training process using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). The shoreline extraction procedure is based on the identification of the land class in the K-NN testing process. This study has implemented a binary image transformation method combined with a Canny edge detector to define pixel boundaries of land and non-land areas. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method capable of producing a continuous shoreline in accordance with the texture of the coastal path in coastal imagery.


The invention proposes a transmission device (10) comprising at least two toothed gears (12, 14) and a chain (16) which extends in a loop around the two toothed gears (12, 14) and which comprises plates opposed lateral, alternately internal (22) and external (20), interconnected by transverse elements (24, 26), characterized in that it comprises at least one continuous elastic outer band (18) which extends in a loop tight around the chain (16).


Profit is the most popular term in the world and it even divided the mankind into two groups namely profit-driven capitalists and the non-profit welfare driven socialists. It can even be said that the whole world is driven by profit and not by the mankind. The economic literature defined profit variously and identified the determinants of profits as monopoly power or monopoly conditions of market, business power, entrepreneurial service or functions, the difference between ex-post returns over the ex-ante returns, the residue, the difference between revenue and costs, due to efficiency, innovation, uncertainty, inflation, changes in the economy, wrong value system, wages, etc. This paper attempts to present the determinants or rather obstructions to profit, a profit model, implications for corporate social responsibility and a corporate social responsibility index of public welfare based on an Indian Management Thought – The Arthasastra claimed to date from 321-296 BC. Yet they seem to be relevant to the word even today.


We investigate theoretically the preparation of ultracold photoassociated Cs2 molecules in the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state via the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation using the mapped Fourier grid method. A negative chirped laser pulse is used to produce the unstable photoassociated molecules in the excited electronic state. A dump pulse is utilized to transfer a partial population of the unstable photoassociated molecules to the vibrational v″ = 18 level of the ground electronic state. This part of population is then transferred to the v″ = 0 level of the ground electronic state by the pump and Stokes laser pulses via an intermediate state which is taken to be the v′ = 7 level of the excited electronic state, forming the stable photoassociated molecules. The population transfer efficiency from v″ = 18 to v″ = 0 in the ground electronic state reaches 96.2% via the STIRAP.


During the calculation of multiregion heterogeneous reactors, assumptions must be made for the neutron density at the boundary of two regions or of the core and the reflector. If the dimensions of the regions and the radius of curvator of the boundary are large, the necessary conditions must be derived by solving the problem of neutron density divided into two infinite lattices separated by a flat boundary. Consideration of the thermal neutron distribution on the surface of 2 semi-infinite two-dimensional rectangular lattices led to the solution of Riemann's edge theorem. According to the analysis of the approximate solution, the asymptotic neutron density and its derivative are continuous at the boundary if the lattices are replaced by a homogenized medium. Problems involving lattices with an infinite reflector or moderator may be solved in a similar manner. (TTT)


Takashima discusses his study of neuroblastoma, and following the advice of Dr. Mary Glick of the Children's Hospital,
 requests some clonal cell lines for use in research.


To address mounting concerns over global warming, the Paris Agreement was reached in December 2015, which aims to limit the increase in global average temperature. South Korea has set a highly ambitious target to reduce emissions and submitted an Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). Based on the INDC, we investigated the impact of limiting carbon emissions on the power system and the electricity market in Korea. Through detailed simulations on assumed plausible scenarios, this work highlights a) the effects of different carbon emission targets on the annual carbon emission volumes, generation costs, and carbon price; b) the generation mix changes induced by carbon emission limits; and c) the difference in system marginal price and payments for generator owners that carbon emission constraint creates in electricity markets under three different pricing rules.


The analytical sensitivity of a compact LIBS system consisting of a fiber laser and a fiber spectrometer was successfully improved by the spark discharge.


An application may have different sensitivity to faults in different subsets of the data it uses. Some data regions may therefore be more critical than others. Capitalizing on this observation, Odd-ECC provides a mechanism to dynamically select the memory fault tolerance of each allocated page of a program on demand depending on the criticality of the respective data. Odd-ECC error correcting codes (ECCs) are stored in separate physical pages and hidden by the OS as pages unavailable to the user. Still, these ECCs are physically aligned with the data they protect so the memory controller can efficiently access them. Thereby, capacity, performance and energy overheads of memory fault tolerance are proportional to the criticality of the data stored. Odd-ECC is applied to memory systems that use conventional 2D DRAM DIMMs as well as to 3D-stacked DRAMs and evaluated using various applications. Compared to flat memory protection schemes, Odd-ECC substantially reduces ECCs capacity overheads while achieving the same Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) and in addition it slightly improves performance and energy costs. Under the same capacity constraints, Odd-ECC achieves substantially higher MTTF, compared to a flat memory protection. This comes at a performance and energy cost, which is however still a fraction of the cost introduced by a flat equally strong scheme.


Two kinds of new Schiff base derivatives, 2-((4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)phenylimino)methyl) (DSM) and its intermediate 4-(4-aminostyryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (AND), form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on copper surfaces. The SAMs have been examined by a series of techniques, including contact angle (CA), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and electrochemical measurements. The results suggest that the two derivatives adsorb onto the copper surface and generate corresponding hydrophobic films, which play an important role in the anticorrosion of copper in 3% NaCl solution. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are also used for further insight into the adsorption mechanism.


The thesis deals with a financial analysis of a selected commercial bank, namely Tatra banka, a.s. The aim of the work is to analyse selected financial indicators of the selected commercial bank operating in the territory of the Slovak Republic. The first chapter focuses on the definition of term "commercial bank" and the characteristics of a financial analysis of the commercial bank. The second chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of the selected commercial bank and financial indicators used to prepare a financial analysis. The third chapter offers results and findings of the analysis included in the second chapter.


From having been a great rarity in the pre-insulin era the combination of pregnancy and diabetes has now become a medical problem of great practical significance. The problem has two different aspects: one, the influence of diabetes on pregnancy, which is of the greatest interest to the obstetrician; the other, the influence of pregnancy on diabetes, which involves the physician in the first instance. The greater number of the cases studied here has recently been considered from an obstetrical point of view by Bergman (1953). The aim of the present work is to elucidate the influence of pregnancy on diabetes. During the first decade after the introduction of insulin therapy, when pregnancy in diabetic women began to be a more common occurrence, reports mainly emphasized isolated cases, in which an increased carbohydrate tolerance appeared during pregnancy. This gave rise to the idea that the fetal insulin production could in part replace that of the mother. A large number of later publications give somewhat varying information, but in general a deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance during pregnancy is reported, especially during the later part. Table 1 shows some of the more important publications giving in¬ formation on the insulin dosage during pregnancy. Essential data from these reports will be discussed later on.


Objective To identify and quantitatively analyze the anatomic factors which influence the width of anterior chamber angle.Methods The subjects were selected from the ophthalmological outpatient.Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT,Visante,Carl Zeiss Meditec,USA),anterior segment images of the eye were acquired and measured.Parameters which were significantly associated with angle opening distance were identified.Multi-variable stepwise regression equations were established.Results A total of 212 eyes of 212 subjects were analyzed.Through multi-variable stepwise analysis,the following regression equations were established:Angle opening distance(AOD)=-0.377 + 0.310×Anterior chamber depth(ACD)-0.395×500 μ m iris thickness(IT500)+ 0.236×Lens curvature(LC)-0.033 ×Pupil diameter(PD)-0.222×Iris curvature(IC).Conclusion The width of the anterior chamber angle was closely related with numerous anterior segment parameters.Among them,ACD,IT500,LC,PD and IC directly affect the width of the angle.


Patient. —John H., aged 30, whose previous health had been excellent, on August 15 consulted Dr. Haberman of DeSmet, S. D., about his nose, which was sore and red on the tip. He gave a history of having felt ill for a few days previous, but had continued his work. Clinical Course. —The doctor could discover no abrasion and nothing was done. On the following night, however, he was called to see the patient, whom he found suffering severe pain, with a general headache, more especially in the vertex. His temperature was 102.5, his nose swollen full and very sensitive to touch. The patient was greatly prostrated. He was given acetanilid and camphor monobromate, which relieved the headache and caused him to sweat profusely. On the 18th the temperature had dropped to 101, where it remained for the next ten days. On this day I was called and found the


Midway through his five-year term, Narendra Modi remains popular but the Hindu nationalist Prime Minister faces the challenge of delivering on his campaign promises. Rekha Diwakar reports on the world's most diverse – and largest – democracy.


Constructing oil and gas pipelines onshore and offshore in the 21st Century will reflect efforts currently underway; developing more cost-effective technologies while mitigating environmental impact during construction and operation. This article details the path that implementation of a typical pipeline project normally follows, from route selection to construction, operation, and maintenance for both onshore and offshore pipeline projects.


2009 FIGO stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent primary radical hysterectomy between 2007 and 2019. Using an artificial intelligence-based tool, the skeletal muscle area (cm) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the skeletal muscle volume (cm) at the waist level were measured from pre-treatment CT scans. These were converted to the L3 and volumetric skeletal muscle indices (SMIs) by normalization. We defined L3 and volumetric sarcopenia using 39.0 cm/m and the first quartile value, respectively. Patients' survival outcomes were compared according to the presence of sarcopenia. Results A total of 306 patients were included. Between the L3 sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, no differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed. In contrast, the volumetric sarcopenia (n=76) showed significantly worse PFS (P=0.039) and OS (P=0.031) than did the volumetric non-sarcopenia group (n=230). In multivariate analyses, volumetric sarcopenia was identified as a poor prognostic factor for PFS (aHR, 1.872; 95% CI, 1.026–3.415; P=0.041) and OS (aHR, 3.172; 95% CI, 1.058–9.512; P=0.039). Regarding changes in body composition, initial volumetric sarcopenia with total fat gain during primary treatment was associated with worse PFS (aHR, 3.015; 95% CI, 1.314–6.919; P=0.009), but not OS (P=0.070). Conclusions Volumetric sarcopenia increased the recurrence and mortality rates in patients with early cervical cancer. Patients with initial volumetric sarcopenia and total fat gain during primary treatment were at a high risk of disease recurrence.


The unique form of maximal below subgroups is given for non normal-valued l-group in this paper. In addition, a sufficient and necessary condition on equivalence among normal-valued l-groups, special-valued l-groups and finite-valued l-groups is obtained.


Based on chemical reaction / two-phase flow coupling, combustion model of aluminum particle was established. By means of turbulence combustion in chemical reaction rate model, internal flow field of aluminized solid propellant rocket motor was numerically investigated under the high acceleration condition. The results show that aluminum particle abnormal accumulation on local position of the chamber and severe chemical exothermic reaction are the main reason resulting in abnormal insulator erosion under the high acceleration condition.


An optical fiber positioning structure comprises a first positioning piece and two second positioning pieces. The first positioning piece comprises a cylindrical main body and two clamping portions which protrude along two sides of the main body, the second positioning pieces are cylindrical, and the two second positioning pieces are arranged with the main body in the axial direction in a pilling mode and correspondingly clamped between the two clamping portions of the first positioning piece in an abutting mode. The main body comprises an annular circumference face which surrounds the periphery of the main body, each second positioning piece comprises an annular circumference face which surrounds the periphery of each second positioning piece, the annular circumference face of the main body and the two annular circumference faces of the two second positioning pieces are arranged in an abutting and attaching mode, and form a positioning space together in a surrounding mode, wherein the positioning space extends in the axial direction parallel to the two second positioning pieces and the main body, and can position optical fibers. The optical fiber positioning structure can conveniently position the optical fibers.


Bond as an instrument of capital market nowadays still plays a small role in Indonesian capital market. This condition occurs due to the lack of knowledge, lack of information, unpopularity of bond among market players, and also Indonesia's macro and micro economic conditions. In 2003, Indonesian government issued its bonds, which called T-bond (also called SUN, abbreviation of Surat Utang Negara). Since then, bond market in Indonesia started to grow along with the growth of capital market in Indonesia. And as the recovery of economic crisis continues, Bond market in Indonesia is predicted to have a bright future and will continue to grow as one of alternative investment instrument for investor and alternative source of financing for government and corporations in Indonesia.


In pollution control applications, the presence of water in the electrical discharge enhances oxidation of pollutants. The results of an electrical discharge in gas when it flows through a heterogeneous mixture of water and dielectric pellets are reported. The discharge in the wet plasma reactor is more uniform compared to dry dielectric-barrier reactors. The electrical characteristics of such a discharge are discussed. Also the results of removal of SO2 with the wet reactor are reported. The wet reactor was found to be 5–10 times more energy efficient in removing SO2 compared to conventional dry plasma reactors.


The bubble point is one of the most important physical properties of petroleum fluids. Present practice requires the shipment of samples to laboratories, a time-consuming process that compromises sample integrity. We have devised a method by which the bubble point can be estimated rapidly in a 5 mm diameter flow line immediately after a sample has been withdrawn from a subsurface rock formation. To measure the bubble point, the sample is isolated and depressurized. Measurement efficiency requires rapid depressurization, which often causes fluids to supersaturate. However, this problem can be mitigated by cavitation. We have found that it is possible to cavitate fluids at pressures of several megapascals, as long as the fluid is near its bubble point pressure. An ultrasonic transducer is used to simultaneously nucleate and detect bubbles at or near the thermodynamic bubble point. The cavitated bubbles produce fluctuations in the acoustic properties of the fluid that are detected in the near field or resonated volume of a transducer by measuring the fluctuations of the transducer's electrical properties. The variance of electrical properties increases by orders of magnitude in the presence of bubbles. The method has been demonstrated to work over a wide range of temperatures, pressures and fluids.


The continuous growth of world population and the increase in energy demands on one hand, and the unfavourable changes in the Earth's climate and the fossil fuel depletion on the other hand, imply that pretty soon an important part of world energy will have to come from other renewable sources. One such source is the wind energy, which is the reason for increased interest and intensified research in this field. There are many research papers dealing with the problem of forecasting the wind speed, since such knowledge is necessary in a number of applications, such as agriculture, modern transportation, and wind energy production. This paper presents an alternative approach to forecasting the wind speed based on extreme learning machine. The wind speed is modelled by means of available meteorological data such as total solar radiation, ambient temperature, humidity, barometer pressure, etc. The applied modeling algorithm belongs to the class of extreme learning machine methods, which are gaining an increasing interest in the scientific and research community. The conducted research has clearly showed that the ELM does not depend notably on the selection of the activation function for the hidden neurons. However, the random selection of the hidden layer parameters significantly influences its approximation capacity and generalization property. The paper offers a simple solution to the problem. The presented ELM model offers an alternative approach to modeling the wind speed on a short-term basis and the simulation results show clearly its advantages and very good performance indices. The extreme learning machine method indeed possesses the attributes of extreme simplicity, extremely good approximation performance, and extremely fast computation.


Objective To deal with the problems of cranial vault narrowing, chronic increase of intracranial pressure, and forehead deformities in infant craniosynostosis. Methods Through bicoronal incision, we employed bifrontal-expanding craniotomy from frontal-orbit to the roof of skull extending to temporal area bilaterally. The superior frontal-orbital bar was made by transverse osteotomy across the nasal root and ethmoid. While the superior frontal-orbital bar was pushed forward slanting 30~40 degrees,the volume of anterior cranial fossa was enlarged and best contour of the frontal-nasal area was achieved. The bone pieces of forehead and the roof of skull were split and remodeled. Then reposition and reset of the new forehead followed for a better contour and the remaining pieces of bone were filled in the skull vault. Result Best results with enlarged cranial vault, better contour of forehead and optimum space of skull have been achieved in 12 cases of infant craniosynostosis ranging from 6 months to 3 years old (average:1.5 years).There were no complications in this series. The operation results were kept well for 12~16 months of follow-up in 8 cases. Conclusion Bifrontal expanding craniotomy from the superior frontal-orbital bar to the roof of skull was proved to be save and effective. It not only enlarges the cranial vault but creates best contour of the forehead as well.


Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women in general and in postmenopausal women in particular. Bacteriuria occurs more often in elderly functionally impaired women but in general many of it are asymptomatic.However the risk factors associated with recurrent UTI in elderly women are not widely described.Bacteuria in elderly women is associated with high mortality rates ,however many of thus bacteriuria are asymptomatic (Assel et al.,2009).The belief that diabetes ,a common metabolic disorder is associated with ahigher risk of UTI is widespread,diabetes result in several abnormalities of the host defense system that might result in a higher risk of certain infection.Patient and Method: The prospectiye study included 200 cases of urinary tract infection with diabetes mellitus type 2 in postmenopausal women visiting Medicine out patients and in patients Clinic of Medical City Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city. This study period was from 15 November 2011 till 15 June 2012. Urine Samples were collacted from women under supervision of the specialist's physicians. General urine examination was accomplished for each patient. For patients suspected with DM type 2the Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was measured considering also the duration of diabetes. The urine samples were inoculated directly onto enrichment and selective media for the isolation of the causative bacteria. The isolates were identified using different microscopical, culture characteristics and biochemical testes.Results: Totally in the four studied groups E.coli was the most common isolates bacteria 39(23.0%),followed by Klebsiella 26(15.3%),Candida albicans 25(14.7%),non hemolytic streptococcus 30(6.5%), Moraxilla catarrhalis 28(16.5%) and diaphtheroid 23(13.6%). Wherease Staphylococcus aureus comprised 13(7.7%). There was no significant relation shipe between type of uropathogenes and HbA1c level .However the relation was significant between uropathogenes and kind of diabetes treatment and duration of diabetes. E.coli and klebsiella growth isolated from diabetic cases was heavy rather than moderate growth.Conclusion: In postmenopausal women the incidence of UTI in age group 50-60 yrs was higher than that of 61-70. However there was no significant difference between diabetic and non diabetic women groups, The risk of UTI was higher with longer duration of diabetes rather than degree of glycemic control (HbA1C), women undergoing pharmacological treatment for diabetes were mainly at higher risk suggesting association between severity of diabetes and risk of UTI, E.coli was the most single isolated organism in all women as well as young women.


Advances in sensor networking and location tracking technology enable many location-based applications but they create significant privacy risks. This paper describes our study on design of security enhanced indoor location-tracking system for in-building, ambient discovery application, location-dependent healthcare applications. Ceiling-mounted beacons are spread throughout the building which publish location information on RF and ultrasonic signals and allows applications running on mobile and static nodes to learn their physical location. The object to be tracked carries listener node, this node listens the beacons information as they arrived and forwards these beacons signals to the base station. A listener computes its position within the coordinate system, using the distances from multiple beacons with known beacon coordinates. This paper concentrates on privacy problem location aware sensor networks, since location information is especially privacy sensitive and potentially specific enough to reveal the identity of individuals. Also describe two ubiquitous home healthcare applications that use the location-tracking problem which we have implemented.


Comments to the Draft Proposal : Draft Discussion Paper on criteria to establish mineral groups (or families) ; the same draft was submitted also to the members of the CNMMN. The authors have prepared a revised version taking into account the comments; it is here attached. The authors intend to propose these documents for a joint discussion between CNMMN and CCM in occasion of M&M4 (Melbourne, 4-7 December 2000). However, written comments are welcome, particularly from those members who cannot attend M&M4.


Transparent conductive oxides (TCO's) are essential materials in a variety of applications such as flat panel displays, thin film photovoltaic thin film solar cells and light emitting diodes. Currently indium tin oxide (ITO) is the TCO of choice due to its relatively low resistivity, relatively high transparency in the visible spectrum, and environmental stability. However, due to the relative scarcity of indium, ITO is too expensive for some applications such as thin film solar cells. During the past decade, there has been a considerable amount of work on alternative TCO materials such as doped-ZnO and doped SnO2. For thin film solar cell applications Fdoped SnO2 is currently being used on glass substrate based designs, but Al and Ga doped-ZnO is gaining more interest in designs that use polymer substrates as well as glass substrates. Previous work [1-5] has reported the properties of Al and Ga-doped ZnO films as well as ZnO doped with other transition metals and several promising compositions were presented [1-4]. The purpose of the present work is to provide a survey of the electrical and optical properties of transition metal-doped ZnO as well as and investigation of the doping level of promising compositions with the goal of identifying dopants that may warrant further study as TCO's for solar cell and other applications.


PUBLICATION INFO International Journal of Agricultural Invention (IJAI) RNI: UPENG/2016/70091 ISSN: 2456-1797 (P) Vol.: 1, Issue: 2, Pages: 170-173 Journal Homepage URL http://agriinventionjournal.com/ DOI: 10.46492/IJAI/2016.1.2.8 ABSTRACT Management of Pyriculari agrisea by eco-friendly approaches is promising. In this study the essential oils from Coriander sativum (Coriander), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) were tested against Pyricularia grisea in vitro by poison food technique. The pure culture of P. grisea was allowed to grow at 300ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm concentration of essential oils on PDA medium. Clove oil was found most effective to inhibit mycelial growth completely at 300, 500 and 1000ppm after72 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs. Next effective oil was observed neem oil followed by coriander oil. This indicated that clove oil is most effective against P. oryzae pathogen. Neem and coriander oil is less effective. The results of the current study indicated that each of the three essential oils tested, reduced the radial growth of P. oryzae.


A series of turbidity measurements have been made for the critical solutions of n-decane, n-dodecane, and n-tetradecane in nitrobenzene at various wavelengths and temperatures. The turbidity data have been fitted to the Ornstein–Zernike equation to obtain the correlation lengths ζ and the osmotic compressibility χ as functions of reduced temperature t [t = (T-Tc)/Tc], and the corresponding critical exponents ν and γ. The values of ν and γ are consistent with the theoretical predictions of 1.241 and 0.63 within experimental uncertainties. The experimental results have also been analyzed to determine the corresponding critical amplitudes ζ0 and χ0 when γ and ν are fixed at their theoretical values. Combing our earlier experimental results for systems of n-octane and n-hexadecane in nitrobenzene, we have determined M exponents f and g, which characterize the power-law dependence of ζ0 and χ0 on molar mass of n-alkane. The values of f and g are, respectively, 0.21 ± 0.04 and −0.12 ± 0.09, and are in good agreement with that observed from polymer solutions, which indicates that they are universal for chain molecule solutions of both small molecules and polymers. These universal values support the Landau–Ginsburg–Wilson type model we proposed recently.


Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Reality (VR) to Real Environment (RE). Methodology: participants included students who were divided into two groups of VR and RE according to their pre-test scores. Findings: The results of ANOVA with repeated measurements and MANOVA depicted significant improvement is both groups at the learning phase. Moreover, the positive transfer and lateral transfer from right hand to the left hand in table tennis were happened in both groups. Conclusion: sometimes, even better than the "RE", VR can be an efficient tool in learning and teaching motor skills as it acquires easy modifiable setting.


It has been observed that Firms Influence Government Authorities by paying Bribe to them. This paper examines how gift is related with the potential for the firm to discover legitimate government authorities. This paper attempts to ascertain why firms pay bribes. More specifically, does it appear that firms are being extorted or is it more likely that they are using bribes as a tool to avoid regulation?  In the event that organizations that report more prominent chances to discover government authority pay bribe, at that point this is an indication that rewards originated from coercion in light of the fact that the nearness of such authorities ought not make any difference for firms needing to pay bribe to reduced costs. We find out that influences emerge because of coercion in spite of the fact that result fairly debilitate in the most current study. If corrupt individuals are more likely to enter into environments that allow them to extract bribes, then honest could be endogenous and driven by the prevalence and magnitude of bribery.


Development and deliverance of multimedia aided e-Courses through Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in engineering education, offers a great potential for improving student learning outcomes and overcome existing educational challenges. This paper presents the development of an open access online Finite Element Method Learning environment (FEML) which is a part of bigger effort to develop Finite Element Method universal resource (FEMur) website. FEMur is an open access resource developed for teaching the basics of the finite element method. A brief discussion on FEMur resources consisting of computer codes, reference books, discussion groups, professional societies, etc., is also included. FEML consists of static and interactive Multimedia Aided Prototype e-Learning (MAPeL) modules on topics such as linear algebra, degree of freedom, spring element, truss element and beam element. Each of these e-Learning modules includes five parts, e-Content, eLecture, e-Assessment, e-Computation and e-Simulation. A new approach of developing integrated animated pedagogical agents to deliver online finite element method prototype eLecture will be briefly discussed. Using multimedia components, such as graphics, animations, digital sound, etc., in developing interactive learning modules for teaching engineering can help students to effectively engage in the learning process and better understand the subject concepts. In the recent years, this approach has proven to be a benefit for instructors and students.


Abstract Aldeydes and ketones are easily obtained in high yields by microwave promoted rapid oxidative deoximation of the corresponding oximes with zinc nitrate hexahydrate adsorbed on silica gel under solvent free conditions.


We prove existence of solutions for a class of nonhomogeneous elliptic system with asymmetric nonlinearities that are resonant at −∞ and superlinear at +∞. The proof is based on topological degree arguments. A priori bounds for the solutions are obtained by adapting the method of BrezisTurner.


Quick attack strategy has become the traditional character of volleyball in China. Monofoot take off is one of the skills used in the strategy to spike fastball. Analysing the movements of monofoot take off, we find the skill is very effective one for quick attack. Therefore replenishing and developing the monofoot take off skill, esp. in back line quick attack, tally with the situation of volleyball in China.


Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap.  This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting Officers, Public Accounts Committees of Parliament, Auditor Generals and internal auditors-constitute key players in the public expenditure management process. Notwithstanding this, overall expenditure over the decades remained sticky downwards due to inflationary pressures, unbudgeted expenditures and weak expenditure management systems. Robust mesaures should be put in place to institutionalise a culture of compliance with extant expenditure management frameworks at both the macro and micro levels of government.


Article 9. The Principal of Thermodynamics: Specific Heat Capacity and Material/热力学原理:比热容与材料 Author: Liu Huan(1983-), Master of Science (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland.


This paper describes an ant colony system (ACS) for labeling point features. A preprocessing step reduces the search space in a safe way. The ACS applies local improvement and masking, a technique that focuses the optimization on criti- cal regions. Empirical results indicate that the ACS reliably iden- tifies high-quality solutions which are in many cases better than those of a state-of-the-art genetic algorithm for point feature la- beling.


In this paper we describe a system designed to be used on a shop floor of a factory that produces non-flat ceramic products, where an extensive mixture of human and automatic labour is present. Today manufacturing setups rely increasingly on technology. It is common to have all sources of equipment on the shop floor, commanded by industrial PCs or PLCs connected by an industrial network to other factory resources. Also, the production systems are becoming more and more autonomous requiring less operator intervention in every day normal operation. That means using computers for controlling and supervision of the production systems, industrial networks and distributed software architectures. It means also designing application software that is really distributed in the shop floor, taking advantage of the flexibility installed by using programmable equipment.


The influence of the entropy on the proton transfer equilibria AH···B A–···H+B in the dimethylphosphinic acid (DMP)-N-base and in the methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-N-oxide hydrogen bonds is studied by...


Abstract The experiment was conducted using five species of roses naturally occurring in Poland: Rosa agrestis (fieldbriar rose), R. canina (dog rose), R. dumalis (glaucous dog rose), R. rubiginosa (sweetbriar rose), and R. tomentosa (whitewooly rose), from the in vitro collection of the Department of Ornamental Plants of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. We examined the effect of cytokinin BA (1-10 μM) added to an MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) on auxiliary shoot multiplication. The second group of test media contained BA (1-5 μM) and gibberellin GA3 (0.3-1.5 μM). The cultures were maintained at a phytotron temperature of 23/25°C (night/day), 80% relative humidity, with a 16-hour photoperiod and PPFD of 30 μmol m-2 s-1, and cultured in five-week cycles. The highest multiplication rate was obtained for R. canina and R. rubiginosa (4.1 shoots per one explant) and R. dumalis (2.9 shoots per one explant), when shoots were multiplied on an MS medium supplemented with 1 μM BA and 1.5 μM GA3. Multiplication was the weakest in Rosa tomentosa independent of the medium used.


Background: Maternal smoking is related to multiple adverse health outcomes in children. We previously reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and differential DNA methyla...


adopted at that time was an endorsement of voluntary health insurance. Congress displayed almost no interest in a program of aid for dependent children; Witte attributes its ultimate inclusion, even in modest form, to the recommendations of his Committee. Witte's account of the process by which a major value was translated into a legislative program is most useful. Though the book is not by itself a definitive legislative history of the Social Security Act, it is a valuable source for students of social insurance, of the New Deal period, and for those interested in the general problem of the development of public policy. Let us hope that social scientists currently in government service will follow the example contained in this valuable volume. GRANT N. FARR, University of Colorado


This paper reviews the evolution of the central retail district (CRD) in Hunan road, and gives an analysis of its present status. Then based on the survey and analysis in some aspects such as the advantages and disadvantages of Hunan road retail district and the development of land use potential of this district, a proposal of expanding the east wing of the road is made in order to accelerate its advance progress and balancing its composition, with the concern of the coordination of two aspects in central retail district.


This article considers debates about criminal responsibility for child soldiers as a lens through which we can view intersections between legal and political theory, legal and political practice, and interdisciplinary study of law. The case of Dominic Ongwen, victim and perpetrator of the same crimes, currently before the International Criminal Court, elucidates some challenges to the contemporary model of legal response to complex protracted conflict. The argument discusses how legal standards, political realities, theories of responsibility, and widespread assumptions about time and aging interact in this field of judgment, and aims to point the reader toward broader possibilities for retribution and recovery.


Approximate computing has been exploited for many years in application-specific architectures. Recently, it has also been proposed for low-power programmable processors. However, this poses some challenges as, in a microprocessor, the energy consumed by fetching and decoding an instruction may be significantly higher than that of the execution itself. Therefore, approximate computing would be advisable only for those instructions, in which the execution stage is significantly expensive in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we present new architectures for truncated SIMD multipliers able to calculate signed and unsigned products from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times {}8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$64\times {}64$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits. Next, we analyze the precision loss incurred by truncation for all product sizes. We implement accurate and truncated architectures for both scalar and SIMD products and find that truncation allows area savings of up to 27%. The proposed design is experimentally evaluated in different scenarios, showing potential energy savings ranging from 29% to 42%. Finally, this paper analyzes the overall convenience of introducing truncated SIMD architectures with respect to accurate SIMD and scalar architectures.


The present invention discloses a variety of decorative sculpture imitation stone materials, comprising a weight percentage of raw materials and natural stone sand coagulation, coagulated material comprises a weight percentage of raw material sulpho aluminate cement, white gypsum, calcium carbonate powder , high-grade talc, superplasticizers, and toner coagulation agents, natural stone sand percentage by weight of the feedstock including 1-2mm white sand, pure white sand 0.2-0.5mm particle fineness and particle fineness of grain fineness 1- 2mm colored sand, colored sand including sand pure red, pure purple sand, sand and pure blue color of the sand in one other or two or more. The present invention utilizes a variety of raw materials for fine grinding the complex color white, setting time is short, high strength settable material, using a variety of complex natural stone sand stone various surface effects can be mass produced, productivity, product sculpture consistency of the finished pattern docking, direct production costs than with a stone sculpture to be superior and more.


Mesangial injury produced by glomerulopathic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains leads to two diametrically opposed results: matrix loss from mesangiolysis / replacement of mesangial matrix with amyloid (AL-amyloidosis) and increased matrix (light chain deposition disease), depending on the physicochemically abnormal light chains involved. In both situations; however, there is loss of mesangial cells resulting from apoptosis induced by the glomerulopathic light chains.
This unique experimental model of mesangial injury resulting in divergent manifestations allows examining the role of mesenchymal stem cells in mesangial glomerular repair in the two typical prototypes of alterations that occur in the mesangium when injured by a variety of injurious agents.
In vitro and ex vivo platforms are used to translate information from the in-vitro to the in-vivo arenas. Both platforms highlight the same sequence of events that take place: mesenchymal stem cells identify the site of damage, clear the damaged mesangium by eliminating debris from apoptotic cellular elements and deposited "foreign" (not belonging in the normal mesangium) material and eventually differentiate into mature mesangial cells laying down new matrix.
Each of the platforms employed exhibited certain advantages and limitations in visualizing and understanding the processes that occur. When the information generated was combined, a clear view of mechanisms involved and how mesenchymal stem cells participated in mesangial repair emerged.


The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a learning media. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of academic supervision in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an alternative strategy to increase the ability of teachers to deliver active and enjoyable learning and to improve the ability of teachers to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in active learning and fun. This research was conducted in Cluster 03 Sukodono District as its target school. The results of the study showed an increase in the ability of teachers to use ICT in carrying out active and enjoyable learning and learning can be achieved, this was proven by the enthusiasm of the children in participating in activities with the teacher.


A Comparative analysis of Asymmetrically clipped orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM), Flip orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Flip-OFDM) and Unipolar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (U-OFDM) for intensity modulation (IM) and direct detection (DD) indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) is presented. These techniques are differentiated based on the higher order modulated information symbols assigned to the subcarriers and conversion of real bipolar signal to non negative unipolar signal. In ACO higher order QAM symbols are assigned only to the odd subcarriers where as in Flip-OFDM and U-OFDM data is assigned to all the subcarriers. In ACO-OFDM bipolar signals are converted to unipolar by clipping the negative real time domain samples, in Flip-OFDM by separation of bipolar signals in to positive and negative frames and then flipping is incorporated where as in U-OFDM concept of representing each positive and negative time domain sample by a pair of samples is incorporated. Analytical approach is discussed and the implementation of these techniques is performed Performance of ACO-OFDM and Flip-OFDM is evaluated for various higher order modulation techniques in terms of bit error rate (BER) as a function of electrical energy per bit to noise ratio for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. A comparative analysis of ACO, Flip and U-OFDM for 4-QAM is illustrated. It is observed that the BER performance is same but they vary in spectral efficiency, transmit power, bandwidth and clipping noise


Ultra-trace detection of Copper ions by complexation with Neocuproin as an organic chelating agentusing dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with UV/VisSpectrophotometerywas investigated as a quite simple and rapid method in water samples.Some factors influencing on the extraction efficiency of copper were studied and optimized, such as the extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH, chelating concentration, extraction time and salting effect. The proposed method showed a linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 20200 ppb(R = 0.9996) with a limit of detection of 0.1ppb (3Sb/m) following a very niceenrichment factor of >136 for the analyte.The relative standard deviation for seven replicate determination was ≤3.5%. The proposed protocol has been applied for determination of copper in standard and water samples with satisfactory results.


This article analyses some kinds of costs in business jet management and also points the directions that need attention for cost optimizing.


In practical applications such as oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), an electrocatalyst that is highly active and stable is essential.


Grade school norms had been developed for the McCreery rhythm and pitch tests on 3,000 children in the public schools of Maywood, Illinois. These have been issued with the instructions for the test since 1937. Harris (1945) investigated the reliability and validity of these tests with 745 public school children in 4 locations. He found reported reliability and validity coefficients that are comparable to those for the Drake, Seashore, and Kwalwasser-Dykema tests.


Abstract The contribution discusses a shift in Old Testament prophetic research, starting with recent studies on extra-biblical prophetic texts, on reading and writing capacities in ancient Israel, and on the Septuagint as well as Qumran manuscripts. The image of a genial, inspired lone wolf is replaced by the idea of tradent prophecy. This transformed perspective on prophecy is illustrated by Jer 1:4-10 and Jer 36. Finally the essay sheds some light on consequences for the discussion between the theological disciplines.


Abstract : The ability to accurately identify regions of mixing in two dimensional systems has applications in ocean and geophysical systems, as well as granular flows. Over the last decade, much work has been put into finding coherent structures in the Lagrangian frame. Most of these methods require field data (e.g. velocity or vorticity fields) which in situations like the ocean are not readily available. However, trajectories of tracers for these systems can accurately be measured and are available for analysis. This indicates that a method which estimates the location of Lagrangian structures based on trajectory data would be highly valuable. The Lagrangian structures we are looking for are defined as regions of mixing surrounded by a transport boundary. These moving regions contain fluid which mixes with other fluid within the boundary but not with fluid outside the region. This self mixing region can move through the full system and can change shape. The transport boundaries in the fluid effectively divide up the fluid into regions of qualitatively different dynamics. What separates these transport boundaries from other material lines in the fluid is that the length of these boundaries stays the same order of magnitude throughout the time evolution. If the material line perimeter stays of the same order of length then there is negligible mixing occurring between fluid inside and outside of the transport boundary. The goal of this project is to develop a method for finding Lagrangian structures from trajectory data. We will use the property of a negligibly growing perimeter as the differentiating characteristic between transport boundaries and other material lines in the fluid. In order to do this, we have developed an algorithm that analyzes the trajectory data and makes predictions of where these structures are located. The novelty of this algorithm is its reliance on the tools of braid theory.