Endurance training sessions and maximal strength training are different in general. That makes training sessions and aerobic, and pulmonary performance completely different in weight lifters and soccer players. Weight lifting requires maximal power and concentration, while football requires endurance, combinability and speed. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a basic method for evaluation of the functions of cardiovascular system in sportsmen, healthy people and in different diseases. Spiroergometry tests give additional information about the adaptation of the body to physical loadings, aerobic performance and oxygen pulse. Oxygen pulse estimates left ventricular stroke volume changes during exercise, and it is the ratio of VO2 extracted per heartbeat.The aim of the study was to investigate aerobic and cardiac performance, and the oxygen pulse of elite weight lifters and soccer players.Two groups of 12 weight lifters and 17 soccer players, men, members of elite sport teams, voluntary underwent spiroergometry test on system AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland). There was no difference in the age between weight lifters (group WL, n=12, 19.33±1.67 years) and soccer players (group S, n=17, 20.47±1.66 years), (P>0.05). The body mass index of WL (26.4±1.47 kg/m2) and S (24.99±3.58) was also similar (P>0.05).Before the beginning of the tests we have obtained informed consent. The sportsmen denied diseases, usage of drugs and doping. Medical examinations were performed. The day before the test was without heavy physical activity. Veloergometer stepwise incremental protocol was applied.Physical working capacity, represented as peak loading was lower in group WL as compared with group S (120±13.43 vs. 160±14.62 W, P<0.0001). Maximal heart rate was higher in S as compared with WL (172.59±14.51 vs. 137.18±12.8 b.p.m., P<0.0001).Maximal level of the systolic blood pressure was higher in S as compared with WL (179.12±24.70 vs. 137.50±15.88 mmHg, P<0.0001).Maximal level of the diastolic blood pressure was higher in S as compared with WL (93.24±12.37 vs. 79.08±10.10 mmHg, P<0.0001).Not surprising aerobic performance was better in the group of the soccer players. Oxygen pulse at the level of the anaerobic threshold was higher in soccer players' group as compared with WL (12.07±3.60 vs. 7.95±2.09, ml per beat, P=0.002), but maximal VO2pulse was similar for WL (15.15±5.40, ml per beat) and S (17.29±3.20, ml per beat), (P>0.05). There were no differences between the groups in the values of VO2pulse during the levels of loading from 30 to 120 The heart rate recovery after physical loading was determined in three grade scale (1-poor; 2-normal; 3-good) and there were no significant differences between the groups, WL (2.45±0.52), S (2.38±0.50), (P>0.05).Despite the differences in aerobic and cardiac performance between the weight lifters and soccer players there were no differences in the values of the peak VO2pulse. The values of the VO2pulse during the levels of physical loading from 30 to 120 W was similar in both groups. Further investigations are need to evaluate the importance of VO2pulse values as an index for determining the physical condition in different diseases, healthy people, and sportsmen.


In order to solve the question of Chinese enterprises' investment choice in the context of the world financial crisis,this paper builds an enterprise investment risk evaluation index system considering macro and micro factors.Through the integrated use of subjective and objective methods of empowerment,it builds enterprise investment risk appraisement model based on G1-coefficient of variation.Taking household appliances industry as a sample of empirical research,it verifies the practical application of this model and seeks a more scientific risk assessment method to provide the basis for scientific decision making under the new situation.


This paper introduces the first available tool flow for Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration on the Spartan-6 family. In addition, the paper proposes a new configuration method called Fast Start-up targeting modern FPGA architectures, where the FPGA is configured in two-steps, instead of using a single (monolithic) full device configuration. In this novel approach, only the timing-critical modules are loaded at power-up using the first high-priority bitstream, while the non-timing critical modules are loaded afterwards. This two-step or prioritized FPGA start-up is used in order to meet the extremely tight startup timing specifications found in many modern applications, like PCI-express or automotive applications. Finally, the developed tool flow and methods for Fast Start-up have been used and tested to implement a CAN-based automotive ECU on a Spartan-6 evaluation board (i.e., SP605). By using this novel approach, it was possible to decrease the initial bitstream size and hence, achieve a configuration time speed-up of up to 4.5×, when compared to a standard configuration solution.


Purpose – This study aims to examine an important, yet understudied, relationship between board leadership structure and earning management. With conflicting theoretical and empirical evidence underpinning the debate the practice has fluctuated, investor perception of board leadership structure has altered, international regulation has reacted, scholarly conceptualizations of duality have become overly complex and the need to understand duality and conclude the debate has increased. Design/methodology/approach – This study examines the relationship between board leadership structure, firm financial performance and financial reporting quality of Australian, Malaysian and Pakistani publicly listed companies by using a sample of three years from 2011 to 2013. Findings – Results based on data collected from Australia, Malaysia and Pakistan indicate that the board leadership structure is not associated with firm performance and financial reporting quality. However, the female chief executive impacts negatively...


The Address by the Pres1f:ient and the Papers on &dquo; A National Maternity Service,&dquo; &dquo; The Nursery School: a factor in the health of the Nation,&dquo; &dquo; The Education of the Father-the case for its inclusion in a Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme,&dquo; &dquo; Biological Education as an essential factor in a virile public health conscience,&dquo; &dquo; Carbohydrates in Nutrition,&dquo; &dquo; A Village Aid Scheme in the United Provinces, India,&dquo; &dquo; The Work of a Woman Sanitary Inspector of Workshops and Bakehouses,&dquo; appear on the following pages.


Aim: To investigate whether complications are different with respect to resection or non-resection of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) detected incidentally during two bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) procedures, open sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SG-TB) with resection of MD (MDR) and open one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) without MDR.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study included patients who received treatment between December 2015 and January 2022. A total of 24 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with MD during open SG-TB surgery (and underwent concurrent MDR) were defined as the MDR positive (MDR-P) group. Ten obese patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus who were found to have MD during open OAGB surgery but did not undergo MDR were defined as the MDR negative (MDR-N) group.
Results: The mean age of the MDR-P group was 54.42 ± 10.83, while the MDR-N group had a mean age of 39.50 ± 9.77 years (p = 0.001). 66.7% of the MDR-P group was male, 100.0% of the MDR-N group was female (p < 0.001). Median follow-up time was 24 (IQR = 24 - 36) months for both groups. None of the patients developed intraoperative or postoperative complications related to diverticulectomy (for the MDR-P group) or related to MD (for the MDR-N group).
Conclusion: Resection of incidental MD during SG-TB and non-intervention in OAGB did not cause any complications in short and mid-term follow-up. We still think that patients should be informed about the risks of all possibilities and the intervention for MD should be determined according to the patient's decision.


Considering the NC programming of human face including features of sculptured surface, the machining process was analyzed and schemed, and the NC codes driven the special NC machine which were produced by post process were implemented. NC codes were also simulated, verified and optimized by VERICUT which was a system of NC machining and simulation in order to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the compiled NC program. As a result, the machining process strategy of the sculptured surface was optimized in order to provide a systemic method of the high-speed machining of mould.


In this integrated global economy, one of the central debates is whether growing trade benefits or hurts the poor of the developing countries. As the sectoral composition of trade influences a number of channels of trade-poverty association, in this empirical study we examine the impact of sectorial trade composition on poverty in the emerging countries. We divide international trade into four categories such as agriculture; labor-intensive manufacturing (LIM); capital-intensive manufacturing (CIM); and service. In addition to we measure comparative advantage (RCA) of each sector and then determine how export, import and comparative advantage in each sector affects poverty. To cope with measurement problems of poverty we use relative as well as absolute measures of poverty. The study applies system GMM approach for the dataset of thirty one emerging economies to solve the problem of endogeneity and unobserved country-specific effect. The study results suggest that export and import of all sectors reduce poverty and increase average income of lowest quintile (AILQ). Service sector's export and agricultural import have the highest impact on poverty reduction whereas service export and labor-intensive manufacturing import have the highest effect on rising average income of lowest quintile among export and import of all sectors respectively. However, when we consider revealed the comparative advantage of each sector as trade composition variable, trade composition does not show any significant association with poverty HCR and average income of lowest quintile.


THIS REPORT IS A FURTHER ANALYSIS OF DATA REPORTED BY SCHOPPERT. IN THAT STUDY, A NUMBER OF FEATURES CHARACTERISTIC OF UNIT LENGTHS OF OREGON TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS WERE RELATED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF ACCIDENTS. MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUATIONS WERE OBTAINED TO PREDICT WHERE ACCIDENTS WOULD OCCUR. THE DATA WERE STRATIFIED ACCORDING TO ADT AND GEOGRAPHY. THE PRESENT ANALYSIS SOUGHT TO MAKE APPARENT ADDITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ROADWAY FEATURES WHILE COMPRESSING THE RESULTS INTO A SMALL NUMBER OF MORE UNIVERSAL NOTIONS. /AUTHOR/


We propose a novel extension of the standard quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) with a new form of phonon operator, which allows to describe also states of multiphonon origin. We denote this method as QRPA with non-linear phonon operator (nlQRPA) and apply it to the proton-neutron Lipkin model. We consider the simplest non-linear extension of a phonon operator where the RPA equation can be transformed into a standard form. That guarantees the orthonormality and completeness of the QRPA states of one-phonon and three-phonon origin. A rather good agreement is found both for energies and beta transition amplitudes with those obtained by a diagonalization of the schematic Hamiltonian. There is straightforward way to extend this approach also for a realistic nuclear structure calculations.


This study was performed to examine the ability of problem solving and to determine the level of problem solving ability of each group, to find the correlation between communication and problem solving ability. And, this study is to provide basic data of educational programs that can improve problem solving ability. The study data was collected for 30 days from September 1st to 30th in 2016 from 105 fourth Received (April 26, 2017), Review Result (May 12, 2017) Accepted (May 19, 2017), Published (July 31, 2017) 38428. Dept. Nursing Education, Hosan University. 19, Daegyeong-ro 105gil Hayang Eup, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea. email: email@example.com 2 (Corresponding Author) 51352 College of Nursing, Changshin University, 262 Palyongro, MasanHoewon-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. email: firstname.lastname@example.com Comparison of problem solving ability according to degree of communication ability of nursing students Copyright c 2017 HSST 398 grade nursing students in K city. IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 with -test and t-test, pearson's correlation coefficient is used to analyze the data. The mean value of communication ability was divided into two groups. The degree of problem solving ability between the two groups was compared. As a result of the study, There was statistically significant difference between the two groups except for the information gathering ability(p>0.05). Higher scores in all areas of problem solving abilities were higher in the communicative group than lower in the communicative group. In the case of low communication ability, the problem solving ability was the highest in recognition, followed by decision making and analytical ability, and the lowest was information gathering. In the case of high communication ability, the problem solving ability was the highest in planning ability and evaluation, followed by decision making, problem recognition, and the lowest was execution and adventure supervision. Communication skills were statistically significant (p <0.05) in all other domains except the information gathering domain of problem solving ability. The higher the communication ability, the higher the problem solving ability. It is necessary to educate the difference of problem solving ability according to degree of communication ability. Particularly, it is necessary to construct a program that can improve deficiencies of problem solving ability and supplement the shortcomings of clinical practice, and to apply simulation training to do this.


This paper describes how scrum method was customized for outsourced e-commerce software projects. While the waterfall process was used in the past, outsourced projects experienced more delays and failures than the ones conducted in-house. To overcome such limitations, we decided to tailor the scrum method on three aspects: First, we produced a table that explains roles and responsibilities of project team members for every phase of the Scrum methodology. Second, we divided sprint planning into two phases, a master sprint plan and individual sprint plans. Finally, we monitored project progress based on the number of completed web pages. Application of the modified scrum method on two projects not only improved product quality but also reduced time necessary to complete the project. More than 80% of the software engineers also expressed satisfaction of the proposed approach.


A theoretical study of the noise characteristics of an InP/In0.53 Ga0.47 As Superlattice Avalanche photodiode (SL-APD) has been presented. It has been found that an improvement in the value of the effective hole-to-electron ionisation rate ratio (βeff/αeff) for the SL-APD structure results in a low-noise behaviour of the device. The device has a very high gain-bandwidth product (≈450 GHz) and a low excess noise factor at moderate gain. It is expected to find application as a highly sensitive low-noise photodetector in optical receiver unit for long-haul fiber optic communication system in 1.3 to 1.6 μm.


PART ONE: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Perspectives on Wife Assault Characteristics of Men Who Batter Treatment Perspectives PART TWO: INDIVIDUAL CONTACTS First Contacts Crisis Intervention Assessment PART THREE: TREATMENT The Use of Groups The Beginning Phase The Middle Phase The Ending Phase PART FOUR: COUNSELORS' ISSUES Counselors' Issues


The problem of moral development (the stages of the emergence and transformation of moral concepts, the ability to influence the process by which they are formed, and so on) has continued to be an urgent one for many years. Many psychologists (J. Piaget, L. Kohlberg, E.V. Subbotskii, and others) have researched the moral development of children and adults. The characteristics of the emergence of a child's moral sense and the factors influencing its development constitute an inexhaustible topic of discussion and debate by psychologists, philosophers, and educators. In the late 1920s, Soviet psychologists M.F. Beliaev and V.S. Merlin carried out studies of the social worldview of children using the story method, or the anecdotal evidence method. In M.F. Beliaev's book The Social Statements of Children [Sotsial'nye vyskazyvaniia detei], he describes a study of the social behavior of children and adults, the things that motivate par-


Islam is one of the major religions of the world. The QuPan (30:30) com pares Religion to nature (fitrah). A tree is one of the best examples in nature. It grows from a single seed that potentially contains the entire tree: its roots, trunk, branches, leaves, buds, flowers, raw fruit, ripe fruit and finally the seed, which again contains the entire tree. However, in the process of growth all these features do not appear all at once, rather they manifest at various stages of the tree's growth. The same is true of the evolution of religion. It starts with the teach ings of a Divinely inspired messenger or teacher. In his lifetime, the followers re main united as a single community, but after his demise they become divided into different groups and branches. Islam is not an exception to this law of nature. According to the Qur3an (2:213; 3:19; 42:13), Islam is a continuation of God's message to humankind, which started with Adam and continued through Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and finally Muhammad. In this sense, His relig ion is also compared to a week that consists of seven days six of which are for humankind to work in and the seventh is the day of retribution. According to this, the religion of God has been preached by six ndtiqs or law-giving Prophets, each of whom brings a new law (sarf ah) and a Book. They are the six days or cycles in which God created the world of religion. The seventh day or cycle represents the retributor or the qa*im (Qur^an: 7:54; 10:3; 22:47; 25:59). Thus, according to the Qur3an, subsequent to the sixth day of the world of religion, namely Prophet Muhammad, no room is left for any other Prophet and after him starts the day or the cycle of qiydmah in the line of Imamate and continues until the advent of the qd? im} about whom the Prophet said: "Even if there re mains of time but a single day, God will prolong it until there comes a man, a descendant of mine, who will fill the earth with equity and justice as it is filled with oppression and injustice".3


How to accurately interpret user click behaviour in search log is a key but challenging problem for search relevance. In this paper, we describe our solution to the relevance prediction challenge which achieves the first place among eligible teams. There are three stages in our solution: feature generation, feature augmentation and learning a ranking function. In the first stage, we extract features in relation to querydocument pairs as well as individual queries and documents from the click log data. In the second stage, we induce additional features by click model techniques and learning latent factor models to correct different biases and discover the correlations between different queries or documents respectively. In the final stage, we apply supervised learning models on the limited labelled data to induce a model for predicting relevance based on the features generated in the previous two stages.


The oven is an apparatus that serves to heat or dry. Drying uses oven faster than drying using solar heat. Drying is the process of removing the amount of water contained in the food to the desired moisture content. The main purpose of the process of drying foodstuff, namely increasing shelf life and reduce the weight or volume of materials. Cassava is the largest source of carbohydrate and calorie producer compared to other plants. Tapioca starch is one of the fresh processed cassava products which are semi-finished materials. This study aims to determine and compare the value of solubility, yield and swelling power of tapioca starch of sun dried with tapioca flour market previously been soaked with Sodium Metabisulfite, and this research is done based on Hydrolisa Laktat Acid. Tapioca drying Changed by three samples of Tapioca Flour A, Tapioca B, and Tapioca C with Lactic Acid solvent 0,4%; 0.8% and 1.2% using oven drying with fixed variable 60oC and drying duration of 30; 60; 90 minutes The optimum results for solubility, swelling, and yield are at a concentration of 1.2% with a 90 minute drying time. With the best sample of Tapioca C with 9,25% solubility, swelling power 1,12 and yield 94,77%.
Keywords: Tapioca Starch, Oven, Lactic Acid Hydrolysis, Solubility, Rendement, Swelling Power


A one-dimensional coordination polymer [Co(μ 1,3-NCS)2(npdo)2] n (npdo = 4-nitropyridine N-oxide) has been synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group of Pbcn with a = 22.688(5) Å, b = 7.2636(17) Å, c = 10.299(2) Å. Adjacent Co(II) ions are coordinated by two μ 1,3-SCN− bridging ligands, forming a one-dimensional chain along the c axis and the npdo coordinates to Co(II) ion as a terminal ligand. The thermal variation of the magnetic moments of the complex reflects the antiferromagnetic interaction between the bridged Co(II) ions above 20 K and the ferromagnetic transition or the strong short-range spin interaction below 20 K.


In visual servoing, it is difficult to track the moving object without the information of distance between the object and the camera. Thus, in order to catch the moving object by feedforward control, this paper proposes two types of real-time distance identification in 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) visual servoing. In one method, the distance can be estimated by using the square measure of the object in image plane. The object must not be moving at first in this method. In the other method, the distance can be estimated even if the object has initial velocity. We verified two methods of identification by simulations and experiments.


This review focusses on the possible reasons for fertilization failure in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The literature survey concluded that the major cause for fertilization failure is failure of oocyte activation. Contributing factors are cytogenetic abnormalities in the oocyte and spermatozoon; female age; laboratory conditions; oocyte morphology; ICSI technique and specific spermatozoal and oocyte defects. When normal gametes are available and culture conditions are optimal, the ICSI injection technique seems to be the most important factor in fertilization success. 9 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Aqueous chlorination of Ponceau S dye (PS) was kinetically investigated through a classical method and under solar or UV radiations. For the classical method, kinetics of PS chlorination were established by varying concentration ratios R = [Free chlorine (Cl(+I))]/[PS], pH, temperature and bromide ions concentration. The decolorization reactions exhibited pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to Ponceau S dye and their apparent rate constants (kapp) increased when R increased, in fact, kapp reaches 0.205 min-1 when R=10. Important removal levels were obtained when pH= 10, 100% of decolorization obtained at only 5 minutes which means that the hypochlorite ion (ClO-) was more reactive than hypochlorous acid (HClO) for decolorizing PS dye. Otherwise, apparent rate constant of PS disappearance increased with increasing medium temperature and led to activation energy of 39.64 Kj/mol. When bromide ions were present in the medium, the decolorization of the PS solutions was more important than the simple chlorination when R=2.5 and at pH 7.20 following an oxidation result of bromide ions by sodium hypochlorite to hypobromite and/or hypobromous acid, the addition to the N=N double bond of dye is easier in case of Br(+I) than Cl(+I).Under UV or solar radiations, and when R=1 and at pH 4.5, the decolorization rates of PS solutions were clearly increased in comparison with dark chlorination. Thus, the comparative order obtained in terms of apparent rate constant was kapp(Cl(+I)/UV) kapp(Cl(+I)/Sunlight) kapp(Cl(+I)). The disappearance efficiencies were 47.6%, 52.4% and 99.2% respectively when using dark chlorination, Cl(+I)/Sunlight and Cl(+I)/UV processes. Thus, it was clear that the advanced oxidation processes have proven to be more effective in terms of water treatment by chlorination. Thus, compared with dark chlorination, the enhanced decolorization of PS could be attributed to the formation of reactive radicals that adopt essentially radical mechanisms that are faster comparing to molecular attack.


The ripening changes over time of special cheeses (Pecorino, ewes' ripe, and Gouda) made with ewes' milk were evaluated using FTIR/ATR spectroscopy during approximately one year. The midinfrared FTIR/ATR analyses were carried out in different ripening times between the cheese varieties and processed by means of multivariate statistical approaches. Overall, during the maturation, we observed a downward trend of the absorbance intensity of the amide group peaks (1700 to 1500 cm−1), which is linked to the breakdown of peptide bonds. Similar behavior was obtained for the lipidic region (3000 to 2800 cm−1 and 1765 to 1730 cm−1). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis allowed the evaluation of the physicochemical changes of the cheeses. The proteolysis occurs in a fast pace during the first trimester of the ripening process, and the lipids are converted to smaller species as the times goes by. Our results indicate that infrared spectroscopy can be a useful tool in determining optimal temporal parameters in stages involving the development, production, and even a possible estimation of shelf life of cheeses.


Bovine anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma marginale. The present report demonstrates the successful therapeutic management of bovine anaplasmosisin calves. Clinical examination of affected animals revealed anorexia, presence of ticks on the body, lacrimation, yellow discoloration of the mucus membrane of the eyes and rise in body temperature (103 -104.60F).The blood smears examination revealed presence of Anaplasma organisms. The haematological and biochemical parameters revealed low level of Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total erythrocyte count (TEC) and increased values of Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum bilirubin respectively. Affected animals were successfully treated with oxytertacycline, haematinics and antipyretics.


In recent years there have been many advances in the technology for counting radioactive samples, resulting in a proliferation of sample-counting systems with widely varying facilities and options and, of course, at widely varying prices. One of the most common and important applications of this technology is in the field of clinical radioimmunoassay. The staff of a busy clinical chemistry department may not have the time, opportunity, or experience to make a deep study of the subject of instrumentation and, consequently, may experience difficulty in selecting the most appropriate instrument for the particular requirement of the department. Useful advice may be obtained from the staff of the local department of medical physics, who may have detailed information about the instrumentation available. It is not the intention of this document to provide a rigorous treatment of the subject but rather to give the user a practical guide to the basic requirements in instrumentation, and the relative merits of some of the more common facilities and options that are available. Only gamma-radiation systems are discussed. Beta-radiation counters require special consideration and are not considered in this paper.


AIMS 1. To study the association between skeletal malocclusions and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 2. To study the association between skeletal malocclusions and condylar position. 3. To study the association between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and condylar position. Methods : skeletal skeletal skeletal The subjects were divided into three groups for malocclusions viz. class I malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction, class II malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction, and class III malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction. Once the patient fulfilled the criteria, the presence or absence of signs of TM dysfunction were elicited from the patient. Results: It shows the association between TM dysfunction signs and left and right condylar positions. It shows the association between TM dysfunction symptom and left and right condylar positions. It shows the association between skeletal malocclusions and TM dysfunction signs and symptom. It shows the association between skeletal malocclusions and left and right condylar positions. Conclusion : There was an association between TM dysfunction signs and left and right condylar positions. But, there was no association between TM dysfunction symptoms and left and right condylar positions. There was an association between skeletal malocclusions and TM dysfunction signs. But there was no association between skeletal malocclusions and TM dysfunction symptoms. There was an association between skeletal malocclusions and left condylar position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE : This study indicates that skeletal malocclusions and factors of condylar position should be seen as merely cofactors in the sense of one piece of the mosaic in the multifactorial problem of TM dysfunction. TM dysfunction factors that showed significant effects to various skeletal malocclusions through this study . This study shows clinical significance of association of various types of skeletal malocclusions to different condylar positions and TM dysfunction signs and symptoms. Before treating orthodontic patients, one should evaluate and treat the TM disorders for better prognosis.


In the present work shows the proposed administration oriented to goals for the Trilladora Lopez firm, a firm dedicated to corn threshing, this firm has been characterized for managing resources empirically, without any methodology or application of any administrative model that leads to the desired economic results, therefore, the idea of implementing this administrative model emerges from this need. It is expected that with the implementation of this proposal, the Trilladora Lopez get better organized, it will have a defined strategic direction, processes and procedures, a manual functions clearly focused on the expected goals and a measurement system that allows management administrative staff to assess the degree of compliance with the goals.


ABSTRACT Novel 1-substituted-5-thioxo-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-1-ium-2-thiolates have been obtained by base catalyzed condensation of methyl 2-isothiocyanatobenzoate with thiosemicarbazides. The reaction occurs via intermediate N-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)thioureas followed by cyclization with elimination of the oxygen atom as water and the angular product formation. All new synthesized compounds were fully characterized with elemental and spectroscopic analysis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Brain‐state‐dependent stimulation during slow‐wave sleep is a promising tool for the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. A widely used slow‐wave prediction algorithm required for brain‐state‐dependent stimulation is based on a specific amplitude threshold in the electroencephalogram. However, due to decreased slow‐wave amplitudes in aging and psychiatric conditions, this approach might miss many slow‐waves because they do not fulfill the amplitude criterion. Here, we compared slow‐wave peaks predicted via an amplitude‐based versus a multidimensional approach using a topographical template of slow‐wave peaks in 21 young and 21 older healthy adults. We validate predictions against the gold‐standard of offline detected peaks. Multidimensionally predicted peaks resemble the gold‐standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics but exhibit lower peak amplitudes. Amplitude‐based prediction, by contrast, is less sensitive, less precise and – especially in the older group – predicts peaks that differ from the gold‐standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics. Our results suggest that amplitude‐based slow‐wave peak prediction might not always be the ideal choice. This is particularly the case in populations with reduced slow‐wave amplitudes, like older adults or psychiatric patients. We recommend the use of multidimensional prediction, especially in studies targeted at populations other than young and healthy individuals.


The costly and inefficient movement of patients within the hospital challenges health systems across the country as they strive to simultaneously contain rising costs and provide high-quality patient care. Solid evidence to support the improvement of hospital and patient care efficiency through the identification and suggested elimination of waste patterns within the transport process is presented.


Rowena Li, a school media specialist at Bayside High School in New York, is a Ph.D. student in information science at the University of North Texas. She received her Master Degree of Library and Information Science from Queens College, CUNY, in 1997. She has worked in her current position for more than four years. Prior to that, she worked as a senior reference librarian at Queens Borough Public Library in New York, a prospect researcher at Queens College Foundation, and a lecturer at Nankai University in China. Her research interests focus upon cross-lingual information retrieval and cultural dimensions of documentations and website designs.


In case of accident at a nuclear power plant, water sources may not be available for a long period of time and the core heats up due to the residual power. The reflooding (injection of water into core) may be applied if the availability of safety injection is recovered during accident. If the injection becomes available only in the late phase of accident, water will enter a core configuration that will differ significantly from original rod-bundle geometry. Any attempt to inject water after significant core degradation can lead to further fragmentation of core material. The fragmentation of fuel rods may result in the formation of a 'debris bed'. The typical particle size in a debris bed might reach few millimeters (characteristic length-scale: 1 to 5 mm), i.e., a high permeability porous medium. The French 'Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire' is developing experimental programs (PEARL and PRELUDE) and simulation tools (ICARE-CATHARE and ASTEC) to study and optimize the severe accident management strategy and to assess the probabilities to stop the progress of in-vessel core degradation. It is shown that the quench front exhibits either a ID behaviour or a 2D one, depending on injection rate or bed characteristics. Themore » PRELUDE experiment covers a rather large range of variation of parameters, for which the developed model appears to be quite predictive. (authors)« less


Driving device (1) for a separator with a centrifugal drum with a vertical axis of rotation, a) having a vertically oriented drive spindle (2) for the centrifugal drum, which (to the drive spindle 2) is placed, b) wherein the drive spindle (2) is mounted (by means of an upper neck bearing 3) and a lower step bearing (4) in an opening (14) of a drive housing (5), c) wherein the neck support (3) is axially rigid and radially resilient (on the machine housing 5), and d) wherein the neck support (3) is designed as angular contact ball bearings, characterized, in that e) the neck support (3) (on a spherical support surface of the machine housing 2) supporting the centrifugal drum downwardly through a the angular ball bearing on the outer circumference surrounding the neck support ring (8).


The present paper tries to explain the economic matrimonial regime in the United Kingdom and its differences with the Spanish matrimonial economic regime. It addresses the judicial allocation of the estate according to the principle of equity and their differences and similarities with the legal economic regime of separation of property.


Thirteen cases of double primary cancer, arising in the lung and the other site including the stomach (7 cases), colon (3 cases), esophagus (1 case), uterus (1 case) or breast (1 case), were experienced in our department during the recent one decade from January 1979 to April 1989. These cases accounted for 7.0% of all cases of lung cancer treated during the same period. The digestive tract was predominant as the other site for both synchronous and metachronous double primary cancer. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or histological type. The 5-year-survival rate was 17.0% in 12 cases in which operation was performed for lung cancer. Of these, death occurred in 6 cases. Two deaths were caused by cancers other than lung cancer, and one by a complication after surgery for a cancer other than lung cancer. The 5-year-survival rate for the remaining 9 cases was 28.2%. In the treatment and follow-up of lung cancer, more attention should be paid to the possibility of a secondary primary cancer, especially in the digestive tract. Earlier diagnosis and aggressive treatment may improve the survival rate.


MOSFETs fabricated in the commercial Chartered Semiconductor 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process were characterized with respect to the effects of total dose irradiation. Gate oxide threshold voltage shifts at 100 krad(Si) for both minimum geometry 0.70/0.35 NMOS and PMOS transistors biased for worst-case shifts were less than 20 mV. Off-state field leakage currents for isolated NMOS transistors were below 10 nA at 100 krad(Si), but became large at 300 krad(Si). The effect of a post-irradiation high temperature anneal was to lower these leakage currents to less than 100 pA. PMOS transistors exhibited less than 10 pA leakage for doses up to 300 krad(Si). Measurements on edgeless annular NMOS transistors showed no significant increase in leakage current with total dose, indicating that the increased leakage observed in standard NMOS transistors is the result of field leakage associated with inversion in the bird's beak region at the transistor/field oxide interface. C-V measurements on field-oxide capacitors over substrate biased for worst-case threshold voltage shifts showed the capacitors did not invert at 100 krad(Si) for 3.3 V operation. Measurements on ring-oscillators biased dynamically during irradiation showed no significant change in the gate delay or power up to 300 krad(Si) total dose, suggesting that for actual digital circuits applications, functionality and performance may be able to be maintained to doses substantially above 100 krad(Si).


(57) Abstract: a diamond-coated elongate rotary cutting member and a manufacturing method thereof cutting member. Cutting member (40) is axially forward of the cutting surface (42) comprises a groove (50), and grooved lands (52). The cutting member comprises a substrate having hard particles bonded together by a metal binder. It said substrate exhibits an irregular surface, thereby defining an axially forward cutting surface (24, 26, 28) and grooved lands (52), having a first base region. The first base region has a larger size than the substrate inside the hard particles near the surface, it contains a relatively large hard particles. Diamond coating is applied on the surface of the first substrate region. The substrate comprises a second base region defining a groove.


The leading-edge separation bubble of a blunt circular cylinder aligned with the main flow was forced by a single-frequency sinusoidal disturbance at a Reynolds number of 6.9×104. The amplitude of the forcing was varied from 0.5% to 20% of the main-flow velocity. At forcing amplitudes of less than 10%, the reattachment length attained a minimum at a particular forcing frequency. At higher amplitudes, greater than 14%, the separation bubble was almost eliminated over a range of forcing frequencies. The stronger the disturbance, the wider the range of forcing frequencies where the separation bubble was eliminated. The change in vortex structure in the separated shear layer by the forcing was determined from the distribution of the time-mean and rms velocities, the evolution of the power spectrum of the pressure fluctuation at the center of the shear layer, and the smoke-wire flow visualization at a lower Reynolds number of 1.4×104. A model was presented to explain the forcing frequency at which the reattachment length attained the minimum.


The methods for the transformation of map digitized coordinates to ground coordinates include conform method, affine method and project method. Based on these transformation methods, map digitized data are processed by transforming these data into the ground coordinates. And these coordinates are treated as independent observations with the same accuracy. Several schemes of map digitized data adjustment are presented. The results are then analyzed and compared. The influence of digitized data correlation on the adjustment results are further discussed. The accuracy estimation of digitized data is analyzed in the end.


There have been many studies performed and techniques applied to solve the problem of estimating man-month effort for software projects. Despite all the effort expended to solving this problem the results achieved from the various techniques have not been embraced by the software community as very reliable or accurate. This thesis uses Monte Carlo methods to obtain optimal values for COCOMO effort multipliers which minimize the average of the absolute values of the relative errors (AARE) of man-month estimates for two industry supplied casebases. For example, when using three COCOMO cost drivers (complexity, language experience, application experience) and the COCOMO effort multiplier values, AARE values were 60% for casebase 1 and 53% for casebase 2; using Monte Carlo to obtain optimal effort multiplier values, AARE values were 34% for case base 1 and 41% for case base 2. By repeatedly removing the cases which contributed the greatest Absolute Relative Error, the Monte Carlo method was also used to determine optimal casebase subsets with AARE values of less than 1 0%. This latter approach identifies case base cases for which the cost drivers may have been rated incorrectly or cases which are not rated consistently with respect to a subset of cases. TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures ............................................................................................................... iv List Of Tables .................................................................................................................. v L. OfE. . . . 1st quat1ons ................................................... ~ ....................................................... v1 CHAPTER


How should one define psychoeducation with regard to exposure to traumatic stress? Wessely, Bryant, Greenberg, Earnshaw, Sharpley, and Hughes (2008) note that "the term covers the provision of information about the nature of stress, posttraumatic and other symptoms, and what to do about them." They note that the provision of this type of information can occur either prior to or following trauma exposure. Further, the aim of providing psychoeducation is to "ameliorate or mitigate the effects of exposure to extreme situations." We are in complete agreement with this straight-forward description of what we understand to be meant by the term psychoeducation, that is, explaining to individuals or groups what common reactions have been found among those who have been exposed to traumatic stress. This includes a delineation of the symptoms of PTSD and perhaps a description as well of depression, since this disorder is so frequently comorbid with PTSD. Psychoeducation may also include a description of common reactions that occur in addition to symptoms, such as feelings of anger, shame, guilt, and so forth. It might include indications of when to seek professional help, as well as information about the types of clinicians who might provide assistance and the settings in which they may be found. Bisson, McFarlane, and Rose (2000) describe psychoeducation as a way of providing traumatized individuals with "a psychological map to understand their reactions." The provision of psychoeducation does not appear to be limited to a particular modality, and the examples given in the review range from provision of brochures/selfhelp materials to group and individual faceto-face sessions. These may be adjuncts to other interventions, are rarely standalones, and may be offered/delivered to everyone, or only those who are interested. In some instances, individuals may be required to attend psychoeducation sessions against their will. Comparing these approaches, then, may be comparing "apples to oranges." Another complicating factor is that psychoeducation is provided to individuals before and after exposure to extreme stress and often to those Commentary on "Psychoeducation" Krupnick and Green


Acylation of bibenzyl, followed by reaction with thiourca and I 2 in the presence of NH 3 , yields 4,4'-bis(2"-aminothiazol-4"-yl)bibenzyl 3. Compound 3, on treatment with CS 2 in the presence of NH 3 and cyclization with ClCH 2 COONa and HCl, furnishes 4,4'-bis[2"-(rhodanin-3'"-yl)thiazol-4"-yl]bibenzyl 4. Compound 4, on Knoevenagel condensation with aromatic aldehydes by conventional methods as well as microwave irradiation in the presence of NaCl as catalyst under solvent-free conditions, gives 4,4'-bis[2"-(5'"-substituted rhodanin-3'"-yl)thiazol-4"-yl]bibenzyls 5a-p. Tlie reaction rate is enhanced 230 times by using microwave heating with improved yields in comparison with conventional method. All compounds show promising antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium citrinum. Structure-activity relationships for the screened compounds are discussed.


And I will destroy any man who dares to abuse my trust, I promise that you will be mine (Queen 1973) We begin and brief study with this song to illustrate in a simple and interesting way because aimunology itself is something extremely interesting the flagship the captain this boat will be the book cell and molecular immunology by Abul K Abbas, Andrew H. Liichtman and Shiv Pllai we will start from a hypothetical situation of a region injured by a piercing instrument that penetrates the skin layers and skeletal muscle tissues based on this arrangement as we will discuss in this case DAMPs Molecular Patterns Associated with Damages and PAMPs molecular patterns associated with pathogens in this part of the study we stick to pathogens linked to amino acids and their formation in chains of proteins TH1 and TH2 that would be mechanisms of intracellular aggressions such as viruses and microbacteria and mechanisms that attack ectracellular cells like bacteria in the hypotonic situation ethics that we comment on an instrument any sharp drill when the layers of the cells the phosphopipidic layers are injured and all extracellular content moves to the extracellular medium begins with a response called innate or cellular that is given by immune cells intact as macrophages dendritic cells are very important in the presentation of phagocyte antigens also obviously to a perception of the central nervous system pain and a conscious state this information reaches the cerebral cortex pain and is detected by nociceptors in response the central nervous system releases substance P in this initiation of injury the cells begins an inflammatory process and the damaged cell members these phospholipids generate the cascade of arachidonic acid in this process if this injury is resolved everything is solved with the first phase of defense which is the innate or cellular system in case of intra or intra pathogens extracellular remains and start m a process of aggression to the organism starts the second part of the defense that is acquired that has Review Article Borges; JAMB, 21(6): 1-5, 2021; Article no.JAMB.67386 2 specific responses for extracellular and intra cellular pathogenic organisms the complementary immune system we did not address in this work this article is dedicated to my esteemed professors of the medical school São Judas Tadeu Cubatão


The research design is of an observational, descriptive cross-sectional nature with a qualitative approach to knowledge and biosecurity skills in fourthsemester students who enter the UDLA Dental Care Center for the first time, in the period March - In May 2018, with a sample of 96 students who entered the CAO for the first time, a survey of 10 questions was conducted and percentages were obtained revealing the level of knowledge, skills and practice about biosecurity. The results obtained when analyzing the level of knowledge based on biosecurity that students have was 82.8%, 79.6% know that they are exposed to infectious diseases and 65.6% do not know that needleless siringes should be disposed of in biological waste . It was also possible to evaluate the skills that the students possess and the variable was analyzed, perform procedures with previous theoretical knowledge, and it was observed that 84.9% did, 95.7% did not eat food in the CAO and 65.5% did not notify coordination if a student would treat a patient with non-sterile instruments. And finally the student's practice could be evaluated, and based on the questions it was observed that 95.7% if they wash their hands before and after each procedure, 79.5% always verify that their instruments are sterile, 75.3% use goggles and 86% place biosecurity to the patient. It is concluded that the 4th semester students who joined the CAO have knowledge of biosafety.


Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection worldwide and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the chief causing pathogen. Antimicrobial resistance results into therapeutic failure. This study aimed to incrimination of E. coli as uropathogen harbouring cnf1 gene (necrotoxin virulence)and to detect the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of several selected essential oil/antibiotic combinations against the isolated uropathogenic E. coli. Well diffusion method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to essential oils (EOs) individually. Broth micro-dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to antibiotics and in combinations, to figure out the interactive efficacy of tested combinations. Necrotoxin cnf1 gene was detected by PCR assay. E.coli was detected at a rate of 40.6% of the isolated urinary pathogens and 47.8% showed ESBL production. In-vitro synergistic efficacy was only observed for cinnamon oil/gentamycin combination in 100% of selected 15 tested isolates (P-value <0.001). The cnf1 virulence gene was detected in 40% of tested isolates showing no significant correlation the conferred pattern of resistance among the E. coli isolates. Cinnamon/gentamycin combination against drug-resistant E-coli is promising and can pave the way for further clinical trials to formulate pharmacological combinations.


This document contains a selection of oversize images from my thesis. These images are also available at http://share.userdesign.com/thesis. This document serves as a backup copy in an alternate format. Please use the web site version if it is available. Some images included here are not optimal resolution and lack interactivity.


Social gradation as an objective phenomenon in the development of contemporary Chinese society plays an active role in ideological and political education while it is also a severe challenge.On the one hand,gradation broke the original employing system,promoted the social circulation of talent,broke the equalitarianism of the original system and enhanced people's working enthusiasm;on the other hand,it widened the gap between the rich and the poor,sharpened the benefit conflict between different social groups and led to the multi ideology of social groups.In addition,the abnormal phenomena in the process of social gradation easily aroused people's querry of the rationality of the social gradation itself.Therefore,corresponding measures must be taken actively in idedogical and political education.


This report is the conclusion of a comprehensive set of experiments, which were performed on weirs placed obliquely in an open channel. Its purpose is to report on laboratory investigation on the flow over different types of oblique weirs, including behavior and hydraulic characteristic of the flow, different phenomena in the neighborhood of the weir, and hydraulic parameters and physical laws that govern the process. The report also aims at presenting a quantitative view on the energy loss and the discharge coefficient for oblique weirs. To that end, many experiments were performed in a shallow flume under various flow conditions. Three different types of impermeable weirs are tested, namely a rectangular sharp-crested weir, a rectangular broad-crested weir (both placed 45 degrees obliquely to the flow direction) and a dike-form weir with both upstream and downstream slopes of 1:4. The last type was tested with several oblique angles of 0, 45 and 60 degrees with the incident flow. By adjusting the flow discharge and the downstream water level, different flow regimes and states reveal the complex three dimensional structure of the flow with various phenomena like hydraulic jump, undulation, flow concentration, flow divergence, gyre formation, etc. In case of emerged flow condition, the flow behind weir becomes highly turbulent and very complex, which make it more difficult to perform accurate measurements. This flow regime also accounts for the higher head loss and energy dissipation than in case of submerged flow. Generally speaking, the hydraulic phenomena that happen in the neighborhood of an oblique weir are equivalent for different weir form, although there are some remarkable differences such as the size of the recirculation zone behind weir, and the amplitude of the undulation waves. Experimental data were obtained by many instruments and techniques; most of them had been carefully calibrated and were highly accurate and reliable. The data collected from acoustic and electro-magnetic single point velocimeters and depth measurements were used to investigate the hydraulic process and the phenomena of interest. Meanwhile the whole surface flow velocity field was measured using particle tracking velocimetry technique, which helps obtaining instantaneous whole field velocity maps. Combine with mathematic tools we can interpret the data and gain necessary statistical information. When the oblique angle of the weir is altered, both the flow direction and the flow rate change. The flow always tends to keep its direction to nearly perpendicular to the weir crest when it reaches and passes the weir. This leads to the difference in water levels at two ends of the weir, the flow concentration at on one side of the flume behind weir, the variation in flow velocity distribution and other asymmetries across the flow. Increasing the oblique angle, the effective length of the weir increases significantly, whereas the discharge coefficient Cd slightly decreases. Together they make the discharge capacity of the oblique weir increases. Finally, the discharge coefficient and its relations to other flow and geometry parameters obtained from this research were compared to the available knowledge on oblique weirs, including the published researches from De Vries (1959), Borghei et al. (2003) and the numerical models simulations from Wols (2005). The common findings between researches enhanced each other reliability; whereas the differences are a motivation for further studies.


User-based collaborative filtering recommends items to a user based on those items similar users have purchased. User similarity can be defined by their taste similarity or by their friendship. This study compares two social networks, one constructed from users with similar tastes, the other constructed from users' contact lists. Results show that, from the macroscopic perspective, all three networks have small world property. The correlations between different centralization measures of the co-reading networks are stronger than those of the friendship network. From the microscopic perspective, the top users in different centrality measures are consistent for the co-reading networks, but not for the contactship network. From the local perspective, the 3-block model is the best for the contactship network. No correlation exists between users' location and their network positions. Finally, users' contacts and their interest sharers do not overlap.


Word cannibalization is a common language means and methods,which split with the main four negative forms of "无(wu) X无(wu) Y","不(bu) X 不(bu)Y","没(mei) X没(mei)Y" and "非(fei) X非(fei)Y".Through a full three-dimensional study of the structure,semantics,syntax,pragmatics,and the sources of investigation,it is found that negative cannibalization format has a certain historical inheritance,which manifested the linguistic unit of the split and mix with a combination of two mechanisms with the positive rhetoric effect.


With special needs for social interaction and physical,psychological and other emotional factors in different ways,various informal groups among contemporary students inevitably occurred.Informal groups of students will exert a certain influence on formal groups,school management as well as class management,which can be positive or negative.As educators,we must face up to its existence,do a careful analysis of the reasons for its formation,treat and guide properly so that students personality in formal groups and informal groups have been fully healthily developed.


We propose a semidefinite programming (SDP) algorithm for community detection in the stochastic block model, a popular model for networks with latent community structure. We prove that our algorithm achieves exact recovery of the latent communities, up to the information-theoretic limits determined by Abbe and Sandon. Our result extends prior SDP approaches by allowing for many communities of different sizes. By virtue of a semidefinite approach, our algorithms succeed against a semirandom variant of the stochastic block model, guaranteeing a form of robustness and generalization. We further explore how semirandom models can lend insight into both the strengths and limitations of SDPs in this setting.


This paper presents the problem of using the controlled substitution-permutation networks (CSPNs) based on controlled elements (CEs) for designing fast block ciphers suitable to cheap hardware implementation. By studying the properties of the CSPNs of different types CEs, we select a suitable CE and CSPN for propose algorithm and design of a new fast block cipher XO-64. Security estimations of XO-64 cipher with NEISSE criteria and differential cryptanalysis show that proposed cipher is high-level security. The synthesis results for hardware implementation (FPGA) prove that XO-64 is very efficient new cipher, especially for wireless devices.


[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the action of mutant gene o2 and its effect on nutritional quality of different corn combinations.[Method] A total of 33 normal corn combinations from 18 inbred lines were compared with 33 combinations including gene o2 from the corresponding o2 near-isogenic lines(o2-NILs),to study the effect of o2 gene introduction on grain quality of corn combinations.[Result] The contents of lysine,protein and oil in o2-NILs combinations were greatly more than that of normal corn combinations.Except for lysine content,contents of other 14 amino acids changed.Contents of aspartic acid,threonine,glycine,isoleucine,histidine,arginine and proline improved;while contents of serine,glutamic acid,alanine,valine,leucine,tyrosine and phenylalanine decreased.Correlation analysis showed that contents of aspartic acid,arginine and threonine had the highest correlation with lysine content.Protein and oil contents had higher correlation with lysine content(0.48 and 0.38).Analysis of 33 o2-NILs combinations revealed the o2 combinations CAL58 × Ji477and CA156 × 196 showed high comprehensive quality and high yield with greater development potential.[Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and material basis for improving the quality of temperate maize germplasm by introducing o2 gene.


as well. I shall call accounts adopting the first approach internalist, and those adopting the second externalist} The externalist approach is typi cally motivated by an example involving mind control, the most compel ling of these perhaps being "psychological twins" cases, in which two agents come to have exactly similar mental structures, but in one case that structure is the result of ordinary character-development processes while in the other it was implanted against the agent's will by a neurolo gist or intervening demon.2 We intuitively want to say that only the first agent possesses her mental structure autonomously, and that is a request, the externalist claims, that cannot be met by any internalist theory. Their present mental structures being exactly similar, the only way to distin guish between the autonomy of the two agents is, according to the exter nalist, to employ a theory of autonomy that looks beyond an agent's cur rent beliefs, desires, and abilities. The externalist theories with which I am concerned fall into two general camps, depending on whether the external factors to which they appeal concern (a) the way in which an agent's present mental structure came about, or (b) what that mental structure would be in some particular counterfactual scenario.3 The first,


In this paper, we discuss the modified M/G/l queueing system in which each customer receives certainly the normal service and subsequently receives the post-service with a certain probability p(0 ≦p ≦ 1) We work out the queue length process by applying Markov chain technique under the steady-state condition. The distribution function of the interoutput period is obtained, from which its first two moments are derived.


Concurrent to the surge of U.S. forces in Iraq between 2006 and 2008, Sunni tribesmen in the U.S. Marine-controlled western Anbar province of Iraq experienced an "awakening" movement, which led them to side with U.S. and coalition forces. The Sunni Awakening demonstrates that individuals will often realign because of betrayal and opportunities for advancement. It also demonstrates that individual motives can have macrolevel social consequences. Complexity theory suggests that political factions will realign based on individual considerations that then develop into macrolevel movements. Complexity theory also combines both agency (in terms of microbehaviors) and structure (in terms of initial conditions). An important concept within the complexity literature is the idea of "critical mass." Theories of self-organization suggest that individual considerations aggregate to a point of critical mass to become macrolevel movements. In the case of Iraq, you had individuals who decided as individuals to align with the Americans, but the macrolevel Awakening movement did not gain momentum until enough individuals had joined the movement. This pattern suggests that complexity theory can be used as a framework for understanding how critical mass is achieved in realignment.


The Indian community is the largest minority group in Grenada. This group was first introduced during the second half of the nineteenth century when Grenada experimented with indentured labour. By the second half of the twentieth century Indians were so integrated into Grenada's society that a distinct Indian cultural identity was generally invisible. In addition, Indians were involved in every aspect of Grenadian life. This article examines the transition of the Indian community from the status of immigrants to citizens of Grenada under the following themes: the establishment of the Indo-Grenadian community, cultural and religious experience, race relations with the majority AfroGrenadian population, and the contribution of Indians to Grenada's society.


The transition from secondary to higher education in mathematics raises several challenges for students of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) studies. These include amongst others different emphases and requirements and the prohibition of computer algebra systems in basic math education at universities, which leads to a high dropout rate in the first year of study. To address these challenges, a so-called three-level system was introduced at TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology) in first-year mathematics courses to support and encourage students with different levels of high school knowledge. This approach entails several requirements such as a higher correction effort which is countered by the use of an e-learning system called Möbius. It not only provides automatic grading of exercises but also individual and immediate feedback for the students. The analysis of the grade distribution of two years indicates a positive influence of the introduced three-level system on first-year STEM students.


The April 28, 1968 (mb = 5.5, Ms = 5.2), earthquake in the Emperor Trough, a long linear deep east of the Emperor Seamounts in the North Pacific, is the only recorded seismic event in this region. The focal mechanism, determined using body and surface waves, shows faulting striking along the trough with the east side thrust upward. This mechanism is consistent with bathymetry showing the east flank 500 m higher than the west and suggests that the earthquake represents part of continuing deformation at the trough. This earthquake is one of a large number of intraoceanic plate events that occur on major bathymetric features. The focal mechanisms of earthquakes on such features probably represent the reactivation of already present faults or weak zones. The orientations of intraplate stresses inferred from the focal mechanisms may differ significantly from the true stress directions.


ALTHOUGH bacteria as far as we know were first discovered by a t Dutch naturalist, Anton Leuwenhoech, in 1675, who noted their association with diarrhoea in man, no systematic work appears to have been done in bacteriology until Pasteur, about 1860, carried out his experiments in connection with fermentation, and our present methods may be said to have originated in the laboratory of a brewer's chemist. My first introduction to this subject was in Graham's laboratory at University College more than thirty years ago, when micro-organisms were separated by the dilution of the fluid containing them. Later on the culture medium was spread out on glass plates, just as collodion was distributed in the wet process of photography. One of the first experiments which impressed me was the demonstration of the conveyance of bacteria from place to place by flies. Flies were permitted to walk over


Idiopathic segmental dilatation of the small bowel occurs so rarely that only 43 cases have been reported, which is decreased to 5 if limited to adult cases. We encountered a case of the disease presenting with acute abdomen, which resulted in ascites chylosa. The case was a 18-year-old man complaining of right lower abdominal pain. He underwent laparotomy with a suspicion of acute appendicitis, and a slight degree of inflammation in the appendix, ascites chylosa and dilatated small bowel were found. The ileum was twisted at the dilated site, and a retention and transudation of lymph fluid were seen through the enteric wall at the site and mesentric lymph vessels, which might cause ascites chylosa. Surgical treatments included appendecyomy and torsion. Postoperative fluoroscopy of the intestine revealed a segmental dilatation of the small bowel, however, the patient has good health without particular symptom.


A major design factor for an accurate and successful DOA estimation in smart antenna systems is the appropriate choice of the antenna array configuration. This paper proposes a new array configuration called Uniform Circular Displaced Antenna Array (UC-DAA), which is especially useful for detecting coherent signals encountered in multipath environments. The proposed configuration is composed of two concentric uniform circular arrays with angular rotational separation. Numerical results show that the proposed UC-DAA configuration outperforms both uniform circular arrays (UCA) and uniform linear displaced antenna array (UL-DAA) configurations, in terms of reduced computational complexity and improved angular resolution of coherent signals without the need of spatial smoothing.


The genus Scalesia is endemic to the Galapagos Islands. Scalesia cordata is a tree occurring only in the southern part of Isabela as small, remnant populations of larger forests. We studied the reproductive ecology of a population protected in an enclosure in order to reveal the extent to which the reproductive system limits the recruitment of young individuals. Pollinator observations revealed that each capitulum received, on average, 2.5 visits per hour and exposed receptive stigmas received many pollen grains. Even so, the seed set and recruitment of trees was poor. Crossing experiments showed that S. cordata produced about twice as many fertile seeds after outcrossing than after selfing. In addition, self-pollinated capitula flowered for a longer time than outcrossed capitula (3.8 ± 1.1 days vs. 2.1 ± 0.8 days). These results may suggest that the species is partly self-incompatible, as other species of the genus. The small population size, with its potential derived consequences, is most certainly a prominent threat to S. cordata. The pressure from introduced plant species found in the enclosure also contributes to the seemingly poor condition of the population. To recover S. cordata, we suggest enlarging the enclosure, removing the introduced plant species and continuing to cultivate plants as a genetic reserve. Introducing new genetic material is likely to increase the seed set of the population. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162, 496–503.


We analyze two tax reform proposals for Brazil. The first proposal is the government's proposal and the second is the Brazilian National Confederation of Industry's (CNI) proposal. Our focus is on the macroeconomics effects as measured by changes in consumption, stock of capital and output. More importantly we try to measure the welfare consequences of such proposals. In our analysis we consider the neoclassical capital accumulation model with a representative agent. We also calculate the Marginal Cost of Public Funds (MCF) from the different tax bases in Brazil. The MCF points to the most favorable directions for a tax reform. With regards to the specific proposals, we show that both proposals could increase the efficiency in the economy and cause a Pareto improvement to the society.


The last reform in the field of social services in Albania is based on the national and sector strategy 2015-2020, which is applied immediately after the new administrative and territory reform in Albania. The main objectives of the both above reforms has been strengthening local governance and increasing their efficiency in improving welfare of citizens and their services. The objective of this paper is:"To evaluate the social service system not only in terms of how it serves in achievement of the objectives mentioned above reforms, but especially in terms of functional and financial decentralization in order to strengthen local governance especial on key social services for their respective communities". This analysis will be performed for Lezha municipality through assessments of legal framework, and financial managerial and other sector capacities using interviews and analyzes of data collected in this municipality. The paper aims to address the issues that affect the development of as a social as well as that of local governance, into strengthening financial stability at the local level toward meeting the needs of the regional community. In that meaning the purpose of this paper is to are provided some conclusions and recommendations for improving the financial management system toward a system pure decentralized in decision making, as well as financing policy of that scheme, covering treatment and payment services for people in need of all categories; poverty, disability, those discriminated, abused children and women, etc.


Agent is an autonomous entity who can perform actions to achieve its goal. A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system composed of multiple interacting agents doing activities for a complex system. Since in the real world, MAS have agents acting behaviors concurrently in temporal context, it is hard to completely eliminate failures in such a system. Therefore, a formal verification of a system model is required to ensure the correctness of the MAS design. In this paper, we present the timed trace theoretic verification to detect safety and timing failures in MAS model based on Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), an Application Programming Interface (API) for developing MAS. An example is used to illustrate our proposed method.


The purpose of the research is to find out and analyze the attitude of consumers towards products of honda motor vehicles branded vario on PD. Motor Power Muaro Jambi. The number of samples that will be taken is as much as 100 people respondents. Sample withdrawal technique is done in a non probability of simple random sampling. Analysis tools are used multiple linear regression. Research results from theTest F F values obtained to calculate probability with 41.855 of 0.000. Because F count 42.193 > F 2.47 and the probability Table is much smaller than 0.05 regression models then can be used to predict future purchasing decisions (the dependent variable) or it can be said that all independent variables namely Utilitarian Function, the expression value, maintain the ego and knowledge together effect on the dependentvariable consumer purchasing decisions against the Honda brand Vario. The coefficient of determination (R2) above shows the magnitude of the adjusted R2 is 0.640, this means that 64% of the variations in purchase decisions can be explained by the variation of 4 independent variables. The t-test analysis results above is a value t calculate on variable Utilitarian (X 1). variable expression of the value (X 2) Defending the Ego (X 3), variable knowledge (X 4) significance level of 0.000 significance probability α = < 0.05, then Ho denied and Ha is received. This means the variables x 1, x 2,x 3, X 4 positive and significant effect against the decision


Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal tempering on the biaxial flexural strength of four types of heat pressed Lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Methods: Sixty heat pressed glass ceramic discs were fabricated (diameter = 15 mm; thickness = 1mm) and allocated among four groups (n = 15): IPS e.max Press (E), GC initial LiSi Press (L), Celtra Press (C) and VITA Ambria (A). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n=5) according to suggested thermal tempering temperature: NO thermal tempering (T0), thermal tempering at a temperature 9% below the recommended pressing temperature (T1) and thermal tempering at a temperature 5% below the recommended pressing temperature (T2). Biaxial flexural strength was measured. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed for microstructural characterization. To determine the crystalline phases of Lithium disilicates glass-ceramics, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used. Statistical analysis was then performed. Results : IPS e.max Press showed the highest mean strength. There was no difference in strength between Celtra Press and VITA Ambria; both showed the lowest mean strength values. Regardless of ceramic type 5% below pressing temperature showed the highest mean strength and No thermal tempering showed lowest mean strength. Conclusion: Regarding flexural strength; heat tempering at 5% below the pressing temperature of IPS Emax press showed the highest values. Vita Ambria without heat tempering showed the lowest values.


Receiving a reference clock Correspondingly discloses a clock signal generating circuit for detecting the loss of the reference clock. A phase comparator (13) is lost in case of a phase comparator 13 of the reference clock signal in the case that detects the phase difference between a stable clock, the reference clock from the reference clock signal and a PLL synthesizer can be fixed to the 0 or 1 level state of the signal DOWNB is fixed to zero level. DOWNB signals are monitored using a reference clock loss detection circuit (12). If during the time of the prescribed length DOWNB signal remains at the zero level, a reference clock loss detection circuit 12 determines that the reference clock is lost and generate a signal XTALFAIL active.


I-Xe data indicate cooling of the H chondrite parent body was more complicated than can be accounted for by the onion-shell model.


In concurrent engineering, the integration of the designers' knowledge and experience, and computer technology into the design process is very important to improve design quality and production efficiency. A feasible design alternative that follows the design rules for assembly will make product manufacturing and assembly more successful. However, designers seldom consider assembly problems in their product development processes. This drawback often occurs due to conflicts in communication between the design and production departments and will cause severe assembly and manufacturing problems. To assist designers with the assembly issue in the design process this research presents a contact relation matrix (CRM) approach to generate assembly sequences for product design. The procedure developed for the CRM approach is based on the four rules identified from the part contact relations and a matrix representation to match the recommended design alternative with the four rules. A procedure is then employed to identify the assembly priority for the recommended design alternative. The part assembly sequence is generated with a sorting procedure. A hand-held hairdryer and an Italian style coffee maker are used as cases to help explain the feasibility of the CRM approach. The results from this study should help designers to examine the possible part combinations and make the necessary modifications for the recommended design alternative. The CRM approach can also be linked with an existing matrix approach in generating and evaluating design alternatives. By integrating the CRM and matrix approaches, the design quality and efficiency will be greatly improved.


A Yogi master was psychophysiologically monitored while he pierced his neck and tongue with skewers to demonstrate control of pain and bleeding. Measurements included respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), diaphragmatic and thoracic breathing, electrodermal activity (EDA) and electroencepholography (EEG) from Cz and Fz. The Yogi reported no pain during piercing and no bleeding was observed. In general he had elevated HR and low untesponsive EDA throughout the session. His respiration rate averaged 7 brpm during the slow breathing meditation prior to and following the piercing but elevated to approximately 25 breaths per minute during piercing. His EEG showed predominate alpha of 10Hz during meditation. Alpha, sensory motor rhythm (SMR), and beta elevated at Cz during piercing with no change in delta or theta. Alpha and beta elevated at Fz during piercing with no change in SMR, delta or theta. While he stayed in alpha during the piercing, there was a broader range of alpha activation ranging from 10 to 14 Hz. This demonstration suggests a finding of conscious self-regulation, as opposed to disassociation, for controlling attention and responsiveness to painful stimuli. It could be hypothesized that clients with chronic pain could be taught how to control pain using the mind/body in a similar manner.


In order to compare sympathetic nerve activity among subgroups in essential hypertensives, with reference to labile or stable hypertension and to level of plasma renin activity (PRA), the urinary excretion of catecholamines, serum dopamin-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and pressor response to infused noradrenaline (NA-response) were estimated in the patients with essential hypertension. The measurements were performed during the first and the last four days of two weeks of rest after admission to the hospital, during which the patients were kept at rest with neither medication nor salt-restriction. Patients were divided into two groups with a reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) by more than 10 mmHg (Responder) and less then 9 mmHg (Non-Responder) following two weeks of rest, or into three renin subgroups, i.e., low, normal and high PRA. From the measurements during the first four days of two weeks, the following results were obtained. In the Responder, a 24 hour urinary excretion of noradrenaline (NA) and the increase of urinary NA during two hours of 60° head-up tilt were significantly augmented (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and NA-response was suppressed (p < 0.05) as compared with the Non-Responder. In addition, a significantly negative correlation was found between the increase of urinary NA by the tilt during this period and the changes in MAP following two weeks of rest. However, a significant difference between the Responder and the Non-Responder did not exist in age, values of heart rate (HR), MAP, cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), total exchangeable sodium (Nae) and serum DBH. Comparison among low, normal and high PRA patients revealed significantly lower urinary NA excretion (p < 0.001) and serum DBH activity (p < 0.05) in the low PRA patients. NA-response was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the low PRA patients than in the normal PRA patients, both of which were significantly higher than in the high PRA patients or the normotensive subjects. PV, ECFV and Nae of the low PRA patients were significantly more elevated than those of both the normal and high PRA patients, whereas no significant difference was found in HR, MAP, CI and TPRI among these three patient groups. These findings suggest that an augmentation of sympathetic nerve activity exists, and it possibly plays a role in blood pressure rise in the patients with labile type of essential hypertension. The patients with low renin essential hypertension exhibited a suppressed sympathetic nerve activity, which might be not primary but rather secondary as the results of changes in water-sodium balance.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:To our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive prospective study using structured questionnaires regarding natural history of urinary incontinence (UI) before and afte...


If δ and  ∆ are the minimum and maximum degrees of a simple graph G of size n, then, for its domination number B(G), we show that B(G) ≤ [(n-∆-1) (n- δ-2)/(n-1)]+2.


THE MECHANICS OF SYSTEMS COMPOSED OF GRANULAR CONSTITUENTS AND LIQUID AND GAS PHASES ARE DEPENDENT TO A GREAT EXTENT UPON THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF THEIR INTERNAL SURFACES. THE ELECTROSTATIC CONCEPT OF CHEMICAL LINKAGE AND OTHER ATTRACTION FORCES PERMITS THE FORMULATION OF SIMPLE THEORIES CONCERNING WATER AFFINITY OF SOIL PARTICLES AND FRICTION AND COHESION OF SOIL SYSTEMS WHICH ARE IN GENERAL AGREEMENT WITH EXPERIMENTALLY OBTAINED DATA. THE THEORY INDICATES THE DIRECTIONS IN WHICH SOIL PROPERTIES CAN BE CHANGED BY PHYSICO-CHEMICALLY ACTIVE ADMIXTURES SUCH AS SOLUBLE SALTS, BITUMINOUS MATERIALS, AND PORTLAND CEMENT. BESIDES OFFERING HELP FOR THE EXPLANATION AND CORRELATION OF PHENOMENA WHICH WERE HITHERTO THOUGHT CONTRADICTORY, THE THEORETICAL CONCEPT AND THE ACCUMULATED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS MAY SERVE AS VALUABLE GUIDES IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL STABILIZATION. /AUTHOR/


This paper base on the environmental building in rural during urbanization,combining with the new rural construction,by researching the farmer to evaluate the rural environmental quality and the investment demanding of the rural in future in Nanjin fringe,the author analyze and compare the demanding intensity of the different environmental investment by the government.The result is that the rural environmental quality have got badness,it is necessary to construct the rural environment,the demanding of farmer is strong.Based on satisfying the preference of the farmer,the government should invest the fund to the project which bring the environmental benefit and economy benefit,the government should make the best of the chance of the urbanization by combining the fact in local place.


The article presents results of an express radon survey on the territory of the Pechora-Kozhvinsky and Kolvinsky megswells, which are part of the Pechora-Kolvinsky aulacogen. Radon studies were carried out along profiles across the large structure-forming faults, identified on the basis of seismic data. The results show that faults in the radon field correspond to areas with increased values of the radon volumetric activity. In the course of radon studies, main patterns of the manifestation of faults in the radon field were established. The faults may correspond to the maxima of volume activity of radon against the background of low values or to zones with a minimum concentration of radon. In addition, areas with abnormal radon concentrations not associated with known fractures were identified. The systems faults are characterized by wider radon anomalies or alternation of maxima and minima of radon volumetric activity along the profile. The maximum radon concentration is recorded in the fault zones that are closest to the surface, as well as in faults along which large amplitudes of vertical displacements are noted. Similar levels of radon concentration are observed within the normal faults and thrust faults, covered by sedimentary rocks. Most of the studied faults, according to the relative indicator of radon activity, belong to the group of high radon activity. The concentration of radon in the soil air within the faults varies both in the transverse and longitudinal directions. In some areas, the radon volumetric activity of at the same level at different times. This proves the existence of a constant radon flux. The main factors affecting the formation, transport to the surface, and accumulation of radon in the soil are the composition and depth of the basement, the internal structure of fault zones, the degree of porosity and fracturing of rocks and modern geodynamics of the region. Thus, radon survey as an additional method to other geophysical methods can be used to map faults and identify various blocks that differ in fluid-geochemical features.


In opposition to readings of The First Part of Henry the Fourth, The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, and The Life of Henry the Fifth that see the plays' male-dominated worlds as an erasure of Elizabeth, this essay demonstrates that England's queen in fact powerfully shapes Henry IV and Hal. These plays present a fantasy of a regenerated, revitalized Elizabeth, and this essay argues that our reading of the Henriad's gender politics and of Shakespeare's treatment of Elizabeth, maternity, and feminine political power must therefore change. Furthermore, this essay deepens our understanding of the synergy between Shakespeare's comedies and histories, exploring how these genres responded to their cultural moment during the 1590s.


This paper reports new research data from an on-line reciprocal peer tutoring project for learning and improving Spanish and English. In the project, 9 to 12 years old students from Scotland and Catalonia were matched to act as tutors in their own language to their pair. It was intended that students through reciprocal peer tutoring improve both, their first language (helping the tutee), and a modern language (with their tutor's help). Through a methodology that combines a quasiexperimental study and a qualitative analysis of texts, pre-test and post-test results indicated statistically significant improvements in reading comprehension (acting as tutors) and writing (acting as tutees) for Catalan students. Scottish students improved only part of their writing (acting as tutees). The analysis of the texts, especially of the peer support offered, seems to reveal that the level of support offered by the tutor affects the tutee's learning opportunities. The results seems to indicate that when more support is given, the tutor gets more learning opportunities, but less for his tutee, and vice versa: the tutee learns more with less elaborated feedback -leading to lower opportunities for the tutor's improvement- where the error correction requires more efforts . The paradox could be resolved by adjusting the scaffolding support given by tutors, as discussed at the end of the article.


Since film was introduced into China in 1896,activities of banning films occurred from time to time.The superficial cause of banned films is that showing films is harmful to social security and is immoral,but the deep cause is rooted in the continuation and expansion of the traditional concept of the prohibition and denial of drama.Banned films in the late Qing dynasty is the initial of the government's attempts of cultural management,the beginning of modern film censorship in China,which have laid the foundation for the establishment of modern film censorship in China.


This chapter sets out a new methodology for defining urban areas, as functional economic places, in a consistent way across countries. The methodology is applied to 28 OECD countries, where more than 1 000 urban areas (with population greater than 50 000) are identified and compared according to their size, form of development, density and population growth. The derivation of a methodology able to describe urban areas can help respond to relevant policy questions. First, it can be used to better analyse the links between urbanisation and economic growth, by taking into account that development does not necessarily imply further increases in the size of the metropolitan areas. Development can occur through a strengthening of linkages among medium-sized urban areas. Second, it opens up to monitoring the quality of life of the people living in urban areas and the sustainable use of resources. The work presented is, thus, meant to be a first step towards the development of a new international dataset aimed at monitoring more inclusive forms of growth and sustainable development of both large and medium-sized urban areas.


A low-cost multispectral imager was built using a multiwavelength LED PCB (light-emitting diode printed circuit board), 3D printed housing, and a monochrome camera, and it was controlled via Nation...


In the 75 year-old history of the Gordon Research Conference, a conference on the theme of the lymphatic system was held for the first time in March 2004, and the 3rd conference was held in March 2008 in Ventura City, California, USA. Such trends of lymphatic studies from an international perspective are considered to reflect the rapid progress of lymphology inspired by the discovery of new markers of lymph vessel endothelial cells and the development of new research on the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and lymphogenous metastasis of cancer.

Regarding the history of lymphologic studies and their background and significance, lymphology was first treated as a field of cardiology or angiology. Indeed, a large number of achievements have been accumulated in anatomy of the lymphatic system through medical research over more than 100 years, as researchers of the Kihara Group in Japan are considered to have made the greatest contributions to these achievements. However, while the functions of the lymphatic system have been studied by many investigators of microcirculation, including Courtice,1) Foldi,2) and Casley-Smith,3) little thought has been given to its significance beyond its physiologic function as a material transport and drainage system. Certainly, the essential function of the circulation is to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment of the living body and sustain its biological functions. These functions are essentially accomplished by the exchange of materials in the capillary-venula region and transport and drainage of materials through the lymphatic system. For this reason, initial symptoms of diseases, typically, inflammation, tumor, and circulatory disorders, appear as functional abnormalities of this internal environment. When the internal environment is seen from the viewpoint of biological defense, these functions are considered to be monitored by immune functions of the body with the lymphatic system in the center. When lymphology is viewed again from the perspectives of physiologic functions and pathophysiology, lymphology is considered to be the royal road of immunology, consisting primarily of natural immunity and oncology aimed to clarify the mechanism of lymphogenic metastasis of cancer, and is expected to appear at the front line of research of biological and pathological functions. From this perspective, the transport and drainage functions of the lymphatic system may be interpreted as supporting these major functions.

In this special issue, concerning the possibility of establishing lymphology as a new scientific discipline integrating microcirculation studies, immunology, and oncology,4–6) we invited specialists to present their latest knowledge, hoping to prompt the readers to evaluate this possibility. However, some of the following problems must be overcome before the establishment of lymphology as a new field of science, and we anticipate the development of new lymphological studies for the future. In the field of immunology, the lymphatic system has been known to cooperate with lymph nodes and support the biological defense mechanisms, but it has not emerged to the forefront of immunology or inflammatology. This is partly because molecular biology and molecular genetics primarily dealing with lymphocytes, cytokines, and immunoglobulins have been regarded as the mainstay of immunological research, and the kinetics of lymphocytes and lymph have been overlooked in immunology. In addition, the technical difficulty of quantitative evaluation of the lymph flow is also considered to have contributed to the lack of attention on the lymphatic system.

Moreover, in the field of oncology, it is well known that carcinoma, which is an epithelial tumor, is likely to metastasize lymphogenously and that sarcoma, a non-epithelial tumor, is likely to metastasize hematogenously. However, there has been little systematic research to clarify the mechanism of lymphogenous metastasis of cancer focusing on the functional characteristics of tissue spaces (internal environment), relationship between the membrane characteristics of tumor cells and metastasis, interactions between lymphatic vessel endothelial and cancer cells, or lymphokinetic analysis of tumor cells. Furthermore, the expression of sentinel lymph nodes, the clinical significance of which is recently being established in patients with breast cancer, malignant melanoma, etc., analysis of the relationship between micrometastasis of cancer and lymphokinetic characteristics of lymph nodes, and analysis of biological characteristics from immunological viewpoints, are expected to be the most important research subjects for the future. These subjects are considered to include buds of research themes that will contribute to the establishment of new lymphology. It is our hope that the readers find this special issue, which touches on some of these budding themes, inspiring and useful.


The utility model relates to a motor demonstration model, comprising a base, a rotor, a rotor support, magnets and magnet supports. The base is fixedly provided with four guide rod supports arranged in a quadrangle, and two handle seats symmetrically arranged; two parallel guide rods are fixed on the guide rod supports and bear two magnet supports together; the two magnet supports are symmetrically arranged and can slide along the guide rods; two magnet supports are respectively provided with a magnet; magnetic poles of the two magnets are opposite; opposite outsides of the two magnets are respectively hinged to a rigid connecting rod which is hinged to a handle; the handle is hinged to a handle seat; the rotor is located between the two magnets; the inner of the rotor is fixedly provided with a shaft; the shaft is hinged to the rotor support which is fixed on the base. The motor demonstration model not only can demonstrate influence of current on electric conductor stress, but also can demonstrate influence of magnetic field intensity on electric conductor stress; in addition, the motor demonstration model has a simple structure and is more intuitive and operable.