4382) Primary Intestinal Tuberculosis. DBMME, in one of his last reports from the Jenner Children's Hospital in Bern (.Tahrb. f. Kinderheilkunde, Bd. xxxiv, H. 2, 3), related an instance of, as he believed, direct infection of infants by a nurse suffering from a tuberculous affection. Attention was arrested by the fact that three children, ope after the other, committed to the care of a certain nurse, died, before attaining the age of one year, of primary tuberculosis of the intestines. None of these children had a tuberculous family history. A fourth child was found to be ill, its illness dating from the time when it was put upon spoon food. This fourth child died, and the necropsy again showed primary tuberculosis of the intestine. It was ascertained that this nurse was in the habit, when engaged in feeding the children on pap, of testing the temperature of the mess with her lips, and of cooling it by blowinig on it. she was found to have an old patch of lupus on the nasal septum, and tuberculous disease of the mueous membrane of the antrum of Highmore, withl a dental fistula opening into the mouth.


Little is currently known about the actual nature and amount of phone use while driving on Canadian roads. The present study tried to quantity this by collecting data on observed driver phone use across Canada. Transport Canada's annual seatbelt survey was modified to record driver hand-held phone use, along with the traditional variables of belt use, driver age, gender and vehicle type. The observational survey recorded driver phone use rates at 2.8% for rural areas and 5.9% for urban areas. Phone use varied widely by urban community, with Alberta being highest (11.7%) and Nova Scotia the lowest (2.2%). Phone use is a common behaviour on Canadian roads, despite the risks and public concern. These results highlight the need for further countermeasures to reduce this behaviour. The present data provide baseline rates on which to evaluate the impact of legislative, and other, countermeasures.


Graphene based materials have wide potential applications in biology, biomedical, agriculture environmental and biotechnology. Graphene Oxide (GO) is one of those substances and has a promising material as antimicrobial agents. In this work, the GO nanosheets have been synthesized by novel, easy, and efficient technique is simplified Hummer's method. The spectral properties of the synthesis GO nanosheets were characterized by using Raman, FTIR, and UV-Vis techniques. The Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure number of layers (sheets), grain size, and to identify the ordered and disordered structure of GO nanosheets. Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the presence of the oxygen containing functional groups of the GO nanosheets. The Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum shows two peaks, one in the UV region and the other band in visible region. The purpose of this work is to inspect the antibacterial activities of GO nanosheets, which has been synthesized by this novel way (simplified Hummer's method). It was tested against two microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as model of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Bacteriological studies were achieved by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and cell viability analysis. The MIC showed the lowest concentration inhibits the bacterial growth of GO nanosheets, which is observed for E. coli was 125 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml for S. aureus. The cell viability analysis measured by florescent microscope has been confirmed the damage, which has been occurred on bacterial nucleic acid for the two types of bacteria.


Higher education is immersed in a deep reform for its adjustment to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), where degrees and competences are validated for the whole European area. In this context, the teaching of taxation in the Degrees of Social and Law Science, as well as the rest of disciplines, goes through a period of reflection


This study investigates how teacher cognition-what language teachers think, know, and believe-contributes to the practices of eight secondary school EFL teachers in Iran within the context of constructivist/communicative-oriented teaching (CCOT) curriculum reform. Specifically, highlighting the influence of both macro- and micro-contexts, this study takes into account the contextual factors influencing teachers' beliefs and the role they play in pedagogic practice and curriculum delivery.
To gain a better understanding of the complex features of teacher beliefs and dynamic interactions among beliefs, practices, and context, this inquiry used a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using multiple instruments, namely, in-depth semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and stimulated recall interviews, which have allowed for triangulation of the findings.
Findings reveal that language teachers' practices are shaped in unique and often unpredictable ways by their beliefs that have emerged from teachers' diverse personal and language learning histories, language teacher education experiences, and the specific contexts in which they do or learn to do their work. These contextual factors are interrelated and collectively broaden the mismatch between teachers' stated beliefs and their actual practice of CCOT and to the limited uptake of reform implementation. The research interestingly reveals that the less experienced teachers introduced a stronger element of CCOT recommended by the curriculum into their lessons, while the more experienced teachers displayed more traditional approach to teaching.
This study advances thinking on teachers' beliefs and practice by highlighting the need to view teachers' beliefs as a system, to explore the interactive features of teachers' beliefs, and how such interactions impact their practice. The study also highlights the situated nature of teachers' beliefs with significant implications for teachers as well as other stakeholders such as teacher educators, policy makers, curriculum developers, and many other important issues in secondary foreign language education in Iran and other similar contexts internationally.


Angiosarcoma of the bone is rare with an incidence of 0.13%. It may be solitary or multiple. Its cytologic findings by FNA have rarely been reported. We report a case of angiosarcoma of the rib in a 66 year-old man. FNA revealed single or clusters of round to oval shaped cells in a hemorrhagic and myxoid background. The large central nuclei had irregular nuclear membrane, chromatin clumping and prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was scanty with an eosinophilic distinct cytoplasmic border. Erythrophagocytosis by malignant cells was also found. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma revealing irregular and complex anastomosing vascular channels lined by malignant round tumor cells, protruding into the lumen. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse strong positive reaction to factor VIII-related antigen and CD31.


Background: In this study, we clustered a large number of microblog users into city nodes based on the interpersonal relations and geographic location attributes of these users and clustered the user relations within each city into the relations among cities in the Wuhan "1+8" City Circle (WCC) to transform and map the interpersonal network in the virtual network environment to an intercity network. Methods: Based on this mapping, we analysed the characteristics proposed two evaluation indicators—degree of city cohesion and degree of city outreach—to quantify the relations within a city and the relations among different cities. The WCC urban network was analysed from a social network perspective, and the differences and similarities in a city's status between the virtual network and the real world were explored. Results: As the "1" in the "1 + 8" WCC, Wuhan's decisive dominance in WCC was discussed from multiple perspectives to show the centre point of the circle and the monopoly status of Wuhan in WCC. This finding is consistent with the status of Wuhan in the actual geographic space as the political, economic and cultural centre of Hubei Province. Our study indicated tiny communication among the other 8 cities along the periphery of WCC in the virtual microblogging network space, with the exception of Wuhan; they closely resembled eight independent individuals. Conclusions: The characteristics of the WCC intercity information exchange indicated that the concept of WCC did not stand out in the virtual microblogging network space and that these cities frequently exchanged information with cities outside WCC. And in WCC the degree of cohesion and outreach in a city node were significantly positively correlated with the economic development level of the city.


Abstract—Studies performed in vivo have been controversial regarding the implication of human apolipoprotein (apo)A-II in the atherogenic process. Expression of human apoA-II in transgenic mice fed a chow diet leads to (1) a bimodal distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) size as in humans, (2) a reduction in total cholesterol concentration that is mainly due to a reduction in non–HDL cholesterol level, and (3) a dramatic reduction in mouse endogenous apoA-I and apoA-II. After 20 weeks on an atherogenic diet, transgenic mice had reduced total cholesterol concentrations because of a reduction in cholesterol associated with all lipoprotein classes. Endogenous apoA-I and apoA-II were also dramatically decreased in transgenic mice. The mean area of atherosclerotic lesions was drastically decreased in transgenic mice (−44%, P=0.0027) compared with control mice. The amount of aortic surface covered by lesions was positively correlated with very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.01) and intermediat...


We experimentally evaluate and correct the non-equivalence between electrical and radiative heating of solar irradiance absolute radiometer to compensate the systematic error of radiant power measurement at ambient pressure. A relative difference of the order of 0.08%-0.27% between electrical and radiative heating sensitivities is shown, and the resulting non-equivalence correction factor is calculated. The radiant power measurement equation is modified using the non-equivalence correction factor, a systematic deviation of 0.19% of radiant power measurement is hence eliminated.


Guar gum is a neutral mucilage obtained of the ground endosperm of seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub. (Leguminosae). Guar gum is a galactomannane polysaccharide with a molecular weight between 220.000 ′ 10% Daltons. There are between 1.8 - 2 mannose residues for every galactose residue. It is used in numerous food and non-food applications, such as textile, pharmaceutical, paper, oil well drilling, explosive and chemical industry. This gum has become increasingly common in food, as it plays an important role in processing stages and final presentation of the product. It is used in soups, desserts, salad dressings, deep frozen food, beverages, soft cheese, yoghurt, instant mixes, bakery products, confectionery, canned foods and baby foods, where it acts as emulsifier, stabiliser suspending agent, thickener and mouth feel improver. In addition it has important therapeutic applications in the treatment of DM-NID, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and constipation.


This paper reports that in order to get some knowledge about possible future developmental tendencies of the energy system on the territory of the former GDR, the Technical University Zittau has finished research called Zittauer Energiekonzept 2020. From this title it is clear that the target year of their prognosis is 2020. In some paper, some results from this report will be given. As is well known, the unity of Germany is at least formally completed. Some people emphasize the Eastern Germany will quickly reach the western standard by that there will be a relatively long transition time. Besides, from a present standpoint, not all results of the former FRG energy system development are positive, and it seems unnecessary to repeat certain mistakes. In this research, two methods have been applied: As usual it starts with an analysis of energy-carrier demand for certain time intervals employing a prognosis model. For this, five scenarios have been calculated. To receive information about the future generating technologies and capacities, a model of liner optimization was additionally used.


In this paper, we obtain some explicit congruences for Euler numbers modulo an odd prime power in an elementary way. The classical Bernoulli polynomials Bn(x) and Euler polynomials En(x) are usually deflned by the exponential generating functions: te xt e t i 1 = 1 X n=0 Bn(x) t n n! and 2e xt e t + 1 = 1 X n=0 En(x) t n n! :


This study investigated the effects of orthographic neighbors and transposed letter neighbors on letter recognition accuracy in pseudoword stimuli using the Reicher-Wheeler task. Thirty-four Brazilian university students took part in this study. Letter recognition was more accurate for pseudowords with a high number of orthographic neighbors than for pseudowords without orthographic neighbors. In addition, letter recognition for pseudowords with a transposed letter neighbor was better than letter recognition for pseudowords without transposed letter neighbors. It is argued that these effects can be explained by a feedback mechanism acting between the orthographic representations of words and the orthographic representations of letters.


Japan is one of the most developed countries in high educational undertakings in the world,especially in its private higher institutions,some of which have gained the international prestige.At present,the non-governmental higher education in China has just started and needs to draw on the foreign experience in its vigorous development with its Chinese features.On the basis of a brief comparison between the Japanese private higher education and their Chinese counterparts,the author put forward some policy suggestions for the non-governmental higher education in China.


Electric Motors play a vital role in various aspects of production and life. Once a motor fails, the loss will be incalculable, and the state of motor bearings will directly affect the reliability of motor operation. Due to the high failure rate of motor bearings and the difficulty of accurately identifying fault types, a fault diagnosis method based on Wavelet Singular Entropy (SEM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) was proposed. The fault was implanted into the motor bearing by electro-discharge machining (EDM), and the vibration signal samples of 4 different state types were measured. The characteristics of the four state type vibration signals are extracted with wallet singular entropy, and the state classification of the data after feature extraction is carried out by the support vector machine classifier. The experimental research shows that the fault diagnosis method of motor bearing based on wavelet singular entropy and support vector machine can greatly improve the fault diagnosis accuracy.


In this paper,It was detailedly discussed genetic diversity of Chinese Yak. The quantities,breeds (or types) of Chinese Yak are the most in the world . Chinese Yak are classfied into two ecological types of the Qinghai Tibet plateau type and the Henduan alpine type. They are mostly distrbutes in the central area of the Qinghai Tibet plateau and Qinghai province,Tibet autonomous region ,the regions of western Sichuan province . Chinese Yak are basal livehood and an important economic pillar for the local people.Cellar level,biochemical level and molecular level results showed local breeds of Chinese Yak existed some variation,but genetic variation and genetic deversity were very smal.These results have instructional significance for preserving breeds,slection and breeding,development and utilzation of Chinese Yak.


Metallodielectric photonic crystals with periodic arrangements of dielectric ceramics and conductive metals were fabricated in submillimeter–order sizes to control millimeter waves. Polyester resins with titania particle dispersions were injected into inverse sphere structures with body- and face-centered cubic lattices formed by laser scanning stereolithography. The transmission properties of the millimeter waves passing through the crystals were measured using time domain spectroscopy and simulated using transmission line modeling. Photonic band gaps could be opened for all crystal directions to totally reflect the incident waves by spatial Bragg diffraction. Modified crystals with compressed lattice spacings were processed to modulate the diffraction wavelengths.


This article analyzes the transformations, the legislative and jurisprudential evolution (regarding the compulsory national jurisprudence) as well as the problems caused by the regulation of the institution of mediation in the criminal cases, as a cause that eliminates the criminal liability. This institution, which can be included within the broader concept of restorative justice, represents a relatively new regulation in the Romanian legislative landscape, which has registered an evolution that can be characterized as lacking in linearity and consistency. Initially, it was imagined as a simple factual way of achieving the withdrawal of the preliminary complaint, respectively of reconciliation in criminal cases (with regard to the offenses who allow the removal of the criminal liability through these institutions). With the entry into force of the current Romanian Criminal Code, it appeared the problem of maintaining this legal nature of the mediation in criminal cases, or of regarding it as a sui generis cause for the removal of criminal liability. Following the rendering of a compulsory decision of the Romanian supreme court, in this sense, followed by a compulsory decision of the Constitutional Court, in the opposite direction, the legislator himself modified the special law that regulates the institution in question, by overdoing the solution given by the constitutional court and reducing, thus, profoundly, the practical impact that mediation on the criminal side of the case can generate (by limiting the final date until which it can operate, during the criminal trial, with the effect of removing the criminal liability of the offender).


Electronic products for automobiles improve safety, fuel economy, and comfort while providing homelike entertainment and connectivity. New enabling technologies for automotive electronics are promising for improving these areas in the future. Three leading-edge products are expected to change automotive electronics design as well as the automotive environment; they are discussed as follows.


Introduction. The article deals with the concepts of "educational result" and "assessment tools", which are components of the system for independent evaluation of the educational results of future teachers. Approaches to the description of the concepts of learning outcomes, competencies and educational result are analyzed from the standpoint of assessing the quality of training students and graduates of the specialization "Pedagogical education". The structure and content of the concept of educational result are determined, the description of the invariant form of presentation of evaluation tools for assessing educational results is given. Examples are given.Materials and Methods. The study is based on systematic, activity-based and competence-based approaches to the training of bachelors of pedagogical education, which made it possible to describe the way of presenting educational results in the form of identifiable and measurable actions of the student. The specificity of the presentation of educational results based on the reformulation of competencies in combination with the labor actions of the teacher is revealed. It is shown that the description of indicators of achievement of the educational result in the form of descriptors serves as the basis for constructing an appropriate assessment tool. The principles of objectivity, validity and openness of evaluation procedures, which form the basis for constructing an invariant form of presentation of evaluation tools, are singled out.Results. The main provisions that determine the structure and content of the educational results of future teachers are highlighted. The definition of the concept of "educational result" is formulated; groups of educational results of future teachers in the field of education, in psychological, pedagogical and methodological activities, in the field of subject training are identified. The features of the description of the educational result based on the coordination of competencies presented in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and labor actions from the Professional Standard of the Teacher, and a way of constructing indicators of achievement of educational results are disclosed. A description of the invariant form of presentation of evaluation tools and examples of the construction of the educational result and the corresponding assessment tools are given.Discussion and Conclusions. The article discusses a method for constructing an assessment tool in the form of a contextual task that has been tested at the stage of the final state exam for bachelor's graduates in the field of study "Pedagogical education", conducted in a new format.The conclusion formulated in the article is presented in the form of recommendations for the coordinated construction of educational results and assessment tools in the system of independent evaluation of the educational results of future teachers.


Population estimates of Mountain hares were done on three islands off the west coast of Sweden. Three different relative measures of hare reproduction were negatively related to density. Most of th ...


A novel switch-mode power amplifier based on a Cascaded multicell multilevel circuit topology is introduced in the paper. The pulse width modulated class D power amplifier has an efficiency of more than 90% compared with the other power amplifiers, however its performances such as bandwidth, distortion and stability are inferior to those of the conventional class A or B. The most significant drawback of class D power amplifiers is their low bandwidth, a trade-off has to be made among the signal frequency, filter cut-off frequency and switching frequency. The paper analyzes the advanced characteristic of Cascaded multilevel technique. The paper analyzes the class-D amplifier's open loop and close loop characteristic based on the current and voltage dual feedback loop control. Then a Cascaded multilevel class-D power amplifier is built in the laboratory. The results of measurements taken from a laboratory setup are presented, which prove the proposed amplifier has a quickly instant response and good reliability and higher efficiency. The system shows an excellent response, stability and output voltage quality.


To be competitive on the soccer field, players need strong technical skills and good tactical sense. Now even experienced players can raise their performance another notch with these 69 challenging practice drills. You'll find drills to develop the ability and confidence to handle defensive pressure, improve field vision and decision making, master advanced skills to use in specific game situations, and apply these skills successfully within a team framework. The drills in this book go beyond the basics - they're more challenging and more fun. And they're organized according to specific objectives, with a drill finder to help you select the drills that work on the areas you want to improve. Each drill is presented in a two-page format with complete instructions, key points, and a clear diagram.


The increasing number of atopic people worldwide is a matter of ever growing concern among the healhcare community. Every fifth inhabitant of our planet suffers from some form of allergy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about 300 million patients with bronchial asthma (BA), 400 million patients with allergic rhinitis, while the incidencew of the nosologies is growing every year. [1] In September 2011, the UN General Assembly addressed non-communicable diseases, with a particular focus on the increasing impact of asthma on global health, economic development and social well-being.


water and the landscape a landscape architecture book is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the water and the landscape a landscape architecture book is universally compatible with any devices to read.


In 1913 the Russian theologian Sergej Viktorovic Troickij (1877-1972) started a series of articles in issues 37-52 of the "Supplements to Church News" (Russ.: Pribavlenii k Cerkovnym Vedomostjam); later, in 1914, a compilation of these articles was published in Petersburg under the title "On the Names of God and the 'Deifiers of the Name' (Russ.: imjabožniki)" . In this book Troickij used Gregory of Nyssa's arguments Against Eunomius to refute a contemporary heresy, viz. onomatodoxy (Russ.: imjaslavie). 'The Name of God is God Himself' was the catchphrase of the onomatodox movement, which originated on Athos and came to be grafted on a Palamite stem. The controversy illustrated an ancient cleft in Russian Orthodoxy, viz. that between the theology of the Academies on the one hand and the monastic hesychast spirituality on the other. In this heated debate, Gregory of Nyssa's arguments enabled Troickij to state: "If the teachings of the 'deifiers of the Name' (imjabožniki) then coincide with those of Eunomius, who was condemned by the Holy Fathers and by the whole Church on the Second Ecumenical Council, a reference to this parallel will be sufficient to totally undercut the teachings of the imjabožniki." The article aims to elucidate the way in which Gregory of Nyssa's arguments Contra Eunomium – especially the ones that relate to his views on language and (the divine) names – were used against the onomatodoxes in a controversy that opposed the bishop of Nyssa to a devotional practice rooted in Palamite mystical realism. An assessment of Trockij's reading of Gregory proves illustrative for the reception of the Cappadocian Father's thought in 20th-century Russian theology.


The shortcomings in current method of mean friction coefficient calculation of scuffing strength were analyzed.Based on the meshing characteristics of gear drive with meshing beyond pitch point and the formula of involute cylindrical gear in related standard,a more reasonable and accurate calculation method of mean friction coefficient was proposed to meet the need for calculation of scuffing strength of the gear drive with meshing beyond pitch point.Through calculating the examples of external-meshing and internal-meshing gear drive with meshing behind and before pitch points,it was found that errors of mean friction coefficients are more than 18.5% except external-meshing gear drive with meshing before pitch point,when they are calculated by standard formula;all of errors are less than 6.5% when they are calculated by improved formula,which confirms that the improved calculation method of mean friction coefficient is more accurate.This calculation method is also applicable to the normal transmission of gears.


The pseudoallylic complex [Ni(η3-CH2C6H4-o-Me)Cl(PMe3)] effects α-H abstraction from the metallacycle [[graphic omitted]H4)(PMe3)2] under very mild conditions, with formation of an alkylidene-bridged tetrametallic species of composition [{[graphic omitted]H4)Cl(PMe3)2}2].


The feasibility of a direct-injection engine fuelled by liquefied butane has been explored for a single-cylinder four-cycle test engine having a high-swirled deep-bowl combustion chamber. A pressurized fuel has been injected from a multihole nozzle using a conventional diesel injection system. A ceramic glow plug has been installed at the combustion chamber to assist ignition of one of the sprays. Tests showing a smooth smoke-free running have evidenced the feasibility of this type engine. The reason for this smooth running has been clarified and is explained as follows: While the ignition-assisted spray ignites with a short delay, the remaining sprays have a long ignition delay owing to poor autoignitability. Thus a two-staged combustion takes place showing a lower rate of heat release in the earlier burning stage and a higher rate in the later stages. In addition, the effects of engine parameters on thermal efficiency, exhaust smoke, nitric oxides, and hydorocarbons have been studied in detail.


Nineteen volunteers in bed with head down tilt (-6 deg) for 1 month and doing or not exercise training while in bed (lido or ergometer) had their limb muscle studied by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A protocol of repetitive exercise in the magnet was set and a wooden probe designed to support the limb and to allow exercise. Spectra were recorded continuously during the protocol. In each spectrum, inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatin, adenosin triphosphate, and pH were measured. All the subjects were studied before, after bedrest, and 6 weeks later. After 1 month, the lido group show no changes in the spectra of their leg muscles while the group doing no exercise or ergometer do. For the arms, a loss of muscle function is only seen in the group doing no exercise.


Background: Dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for increased cardiovascular risk. Studies on lipid profile and glycemic status in CKD of unknown origin (CKDu) are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile and glycemic status of the patients with CKDu and to aid in preventing morbidity and mortality. Methods: The descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted in a rural CKDu endemic area, Girandurukotte. Data was collected from February 2018 to June 2019. For the diagnosis of CKDu, history and clinical features with supportive biochemical, renal biopsy and radiological evidence were taken as criteria. Blood samples were taken for serum creatinine, lipid profile and HbA1C. Already diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were excluded. Results: A total of 168 patients within the age range of 32-66 years (mean 50.3±7.7) were participated. There were 106 males (63%) 46.4% were farmers. Majority of the patients (65.5%) had normal body mass index (BMI) (mean 22.9 kg/m, normal range 18.5-23.5%) followed by overweight (23.5-30 kg/m) in 55 (32.7%) patients. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in CKDu was found to be 55.9%. Majority of the abnormality was seen in the HDL group with 68 (40.5%) patients having low HDL cholesterol (mean 44.7 mg/dl, SD=12.3). There was a significant rise in the serum triglyceride concentration (>150 mg/dl) in 53 (31.5%) (mean 152.4 mg/dl, SD=73.5) and total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) in 30 (18%) patients (mean 182 mg/dl, SD=36.9). LDL cholesterol abnormality (>130 mg/dl) was seen in only 9 patients (mean 88.7 7658mg/dl, SD=25.4). From the total, 144 (85.7%) patients had abnormal HbA1C levels; 27 (16.1%) patients had HbA1C levels between 5.7% and 6.4% (pre-diabetes), and 117 (69.6%) patients had HbA1C level more than 6.5% (diabetes mellitus). There was no statistically significant association between HbA1C levels and BMI (p=0.29) or HbA1C and lipid abnormalities (p=0.32) Conclusions: The high prevalence of dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in patients with CKDu may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Early detection, initiation of appropriate medication and early referral to the expertise will ameliorate morbidity and mortality.


: The current traf fic control system in Indian cities can be improved as it does not take into consideration the randomness in the traf fic density. A large amount of time is being wasted at the sig nal even though there is no traffic because the timings for red and green light are fixed for all the lanes, irrespe ctive of the traffic density. Currently the traf fic signals have fixed signal timings which change every 30sec to 120sec. Such timings which are predetermined are inadequate for re al time applications of the traffic control system. In order to control the traffic in efficient way we use image processing to analyze the traffic density on a particular lane and accordingly change the signal time.


This is a report of Session 7F, "Digital Filtering - The Promise of LSI Applied to Signal Processing," which was presented at the 1968 IEEE International Convention, New York, NY, USA on 21 March 1968. The session was organized and chaired by R.A. Kaenel. An audience of over 500 people came to hear a panel of 10 experts introduce the foundation, discuss the present status, and contemplate the future of digital filtering at the 1968 IEEE International Convention.


This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology at the Experimental Farm "San Pablo" of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Babahoyo, it is located at km. 7½ via Babahoyo - Montalvo, Province of Los Rios. The geographical coordinates of the site are: west longitude 79o 32 'south latitude 01o49', elevation 8 meters. As for the climatic characteristics of the area, this has an annual temperature of 26.3 ° C, precipitation of 1761.09 mm / year, relative humidity of 76% and 804.7 hours heliophany.
The initial experimental material were larvae of S. frugiperda eggs collected from the leaf area of maize; These larvae were treated with high doses of Abamectin and Fipronil, and evaluations of fecundity and fertility were performed in the generations of survivors to treatment. In the process of research 50 larvae of S. frugiperda survivors to the application of insecticides it was obtained and well as 50 larvae that received no treatment (Control)........


In much of the global north the conversations about young people facing adversity have come to sound somewhat predictable. A few theoretical frameworks and conceptual ideas have become deeply entrenched in how we approach scholarship and research about the complex and multi-layered contexts in which young people live their lives. We hear a great deal about attachment, resilience, trauma, and various evidence-based practices aiming to mitigate, and sometimes cure, the implications of these concepts. As much as one tries to expand the conversation, the research keeps reinforcing existing ideas, so much so that before long, these ideas become 'truths' of their own. Perhaps this is the consequence of research funding approaches that are based on promising practices and interventions backed by previous research. Perhaps it is the consequence of a social order in which binary, normative, and generally individualistic ideas are given value than more nuanced, less judgmental, and much more social ideas. Whatever the cause of this reductionism, the consequences to the young people subject to that research are worrisome. While there is much activity in the child and youth-focused academic sectors, there is not much evidence that the lived experience of young people facing adversity is improving much. Quite the contrary, we seem to be investing ever-increasing resources to demonstrate our 'truths' while ignoring the voices and experiences of young people, their families, and sometimes their communities who are not finding our research reflective of their lives. Having diagnosed just about every young person living in a residential service, a homeless shelter, or on the streets as attachment-disordered in some way, we seem intent on producing knowledge about the depth of this deficit and the unfortunate limitations of child and youth services to address such lifespan misfortune. The emergent identities of young people who may have experienced attachment outside of the ideal models constructed long ago become largely irrelevant and any activities or behaviors they exhibit outside of the norm are simply attributed to their attachment problems. When young people do well in spite of having faced considerable adversity, they are deemed resilient. In this way, we can explain their success within our normative constructs of right and wrong, good and bad, success and failure. Furthermore, the range of behaviors deemed resilient often includes only those actions labeled pro-social or otherwise normative. Harm reduction, for instance, is seldom considered indicative of resilience; it is instead further demonstration of a young person's persistent pathology. And finally, the industry growing up around trauma and trauma-informed care has obscured the lines between and among daily life stress, manageable psychological distress, and trauma. In the process, as all young people become interpreted through the lens of trauma, the very construct of trauma risks


This study was aimed at determining and comparing the effectiveness of project-based learning and 5E learning cycle instructional models in improving the acquisition of new biological knowledge related to the human immune system. This quasi experiment study with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design was conducted in SMAN 1 and SMAN 8 Yogyakarta, Indonesia during the academic year 2018/2019. A cluster sampling technique was used to select 3 eleventh grade classes of natural science from each school. The criterion referenced essay test was used to measure the students' learning achievements and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results show that both PjBL and 5E learning instructional models were effective to improve the students' ability to acquire new biological knowledge related to the human immune system. PjBL model was more effective than 5E learning cycle model in improving the students' ability to acquire new biological knowledge related to the human immune system.


In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.


Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction in disease states such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The role of microRNAs in vascular ER stress is not fully understood. Here we examined the role of vascular microRNA‐204 (miR‐204) in inducing endothelial ER stress and dysfunction by governing the expression of the SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1) lysine deacetylase and the Caveolin‐1 (Cav1).


In peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks, a group of n (≥2) peer processes have to cooperate with each other. P2P systems are in nature scalable and distributed, Each peer sends messages to every peer and receives messages from every peer in a group. In group communications, each message sent by a peer is required to be causally delivered to every peer. Types of logical clocks are used to causally order messages, linear and vector clocks. The linear clock can be used in a scalable group since message length is O(1). However, some pair of messages not to be causally ordered are unnecessarily ordered. On the other hand, no messages are unnecessarily ordered in the vector clock. However, the vector clock cannot be adopted in a scalable group due to the message length O(n). Recently, processes on each computer can read more process is obtain more process more time by reading a physical clock is synchronized with time servers. In this paper, we discuss how to causally deliver messages in a scalable group by taking advantage of linear and physical clocks. Here, the number of pairs of messages unnecessarily ordered in the linear clock can be also reduced.


In this paper, we considered a one dimensional porous-elastic system with a delay term and nonlinear damping term. We estabilished the well-posedness via the semi group theory and we showed the general decay of the solution for the case of equal speed of wave propagation in the two equations of the system.


This thesis links processing in working memory to prosody in speech, and links different working memory capacities to different prosodic styles. It provides a causal account of prosodic differences and an architecture for reproducing them in synthesized speech. The implemented system mediates text-based information through a model of attention and working memory.
The main simulation parameter of the memory model quantifies recall. Changing its value changes what counts as given and new information in a text, and therefore determines the intonation with which the text is uttered. Other aspects of search and storage in the memory model are mapped to the remainder of the continuous and categorical features of pitch and timing, producing prosody in three different styles: for small recall values, the exaggerated and sing-song melodies of children's speech; for mid-range values, an adult expressive style: for the largest values, the prosody of a speaker who is familiar with the text, and at times sounds bored or irritated. In addition, because the storage procedure is stochastic, the prosody from simulation to simulation varies, even for identical control parameters. As with human speech, no two renditions are alike.
Informal feedback indicates that the stylistic differences are recognizable and that the prosody is improved over current offerings. A comparison with natural data shows clear and predictable trends although not at significance. However, a comparison within the natural data also did not produce results at significance.
One practical contribution of this work is a text mark-up schema consisting of relational annotations to grammatical structures. Another is the product—varied and plausible prosody in synthesized speech. The main theoretical contribution is to show that resource-bound cognitive activity has prosodic correlates, thus providing a rationale for the individual and stylistic differences in melody and rhythm that are ubiquitous in human speech. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)


To overcome the shortcomings by the existing wideband spectrum compressed sensing by single cognitive node: low effici- ency and high load in low Signal Noise Ratio(SNR) and deep fading, the algorithm based on reweighted fast alternating direction-n multiplier method for spectrum sensing is proposed. This algorithm can make the update of auxiliary variable simplified through derivation by utilizing convexity of the objective function. As for the update of estimated variables, it makes augmented Lagrangian functions with partial linearization become strictly convex function by linearization of objective function and adding a quadratic term, ultimately solving problems by using iterative soft threshold algorithm. Meanwhile, it adds weight in the target term and suppressing non-zero elements in signal with large weight to get the solution close to minimum ?0 norm. Experimental results show that detection probability and detection speed of the algorithm is improved under the environment of low SNR.


Malaria is a deadly disease that prompts numerous deaths every year. As of now, most malaria analysis are performed physically, which is time consuming which leads to delay in treatment. The key work of this paper is to address the improvement of computer-assisted detection of malaria and for easy detection and proper diagnosis. Furthermore, utilizing a Deep Learning approach dependent on microscopic pictures of fringe blood smears. Convolutional Neural Networks, a class of Deep Learning models guarantee exceptionally adaptable and better outcomes throughout feature extraction and characterization. In this paper convolutional neural network model such as VGGNet and Machine Learning model like Support Vector Machine were compared. Results appeared that all these profound convolution neural systems accomplished accuracy of over 95%, which is higher than SVM because the Deep Learning techniques have the advantage of consequently learning from the previous data or information.


This article summarises the current position of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapies aimed at the treatment of borderline personality disorder – mentalisation-based treatment and transference-focused psychotherapy – noting the main challenges they face, especially in the area of dissemination.


Cities are society's centres of human interaction, creativity, knowledge, diversity, culture,
commerce and economic creativity. The accretion of several layers of history tends to reveal a
great deal about the city's past, present and even future. Historic city centres are usually endowed
with a multitude of historic buildings, heritage sites and the like. However, it is also these historical
centres that are most prone to the undesirable and consequential effects of growth and rapid
technological advancement, where a range of environmental and developmental challenges find
their crude expression. The rehabilitation and conservation of historic city centres serves as a
fundamental catalyst for change. Furthermore, urban regeneration of historical city centres also
promotes social interaction between inhabitants of the city, and the adoption of its urban spaces
encourages public activity. This paper scrutinizes the city centre of two historical cities which are
Barcelona, Spain and Istanbul, Turkey. Successful aspects of their ecological performance are
highlighted. The two downtown areas discussed in this paper represent the downtown of two
Mediterranean cities, and both are distinguished historical cities who have contextual similarities.
The historical city centres of these Mediterranean cities have undergone variety of projects and
strategic plans for urban regeneration, development and beautification. Moreover, various attempts
have been made for the improvement of their environmental quality and ecological performance.
This is through increases in urban green spaces and public parks, increased dependence on
renewable energy technologies (RETs) and adopting sustainable transportation modes as opposed
to undesirable and harmful vehicular transport. In essence, many urban regeneration plans have
been aimed at conserving and preserving buildings and sites that are considered symbolic of the
two cities heritage and legacy. Concomitantly, the paper presents a review of sustainability issues
related to these two city centres and analyses the strategies that have been used through various
urban regeneration projects and development plans. The paper particularly focuses on
investigating the strategic plans and attempts that have been made at urban regeneration level by
the Barcelona City Council and the Greater Municipality of Istanbul for the revitalization of their
core areas.


The new analysis of the influence the method of calculating macro-parameters to experimental data is made for the mixture a rarefied gas and gas with internal degrees of freedom. The delay process is counted, which is important in describing of the discrete space and in describing the relaxation of the complicated molecules. The analysis of the recording the Lagrangian function for the collective interaction of the particles is made with counting of changing position of the inertia center. This equation should have a modified Liouville equation and the Boltzmann equation. General consideration of all effects gives us cumbrous system of equations. New another definition of temperature is obtained for molecules with vibration and rotation degree of freedom and for mixture. This is making another value for pressure of the mixture a rarefied gas and gas with internal degrees of freedom. Probably, exactly, these values are measured in all experiments. The simplest interaction of two homogeneous flows is studied which move in the same direction at different speeds.


To investigate the heavy metal pollution in leachate from sanitary landfill site of municipal solid waste, a survey was conducted in Tromsø, Northern Norway. Results shows that contents of heavy metals in landfill leachate follow the order Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr>As>Pb>Cd>Hg, and the order of the risk of different heavy metals is: Mn>Ni>As>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu. The concentrations of Mn and Ni in landfill leachate exceeded the standard. Mn had the highest single standard index. it took the highest risk to surround water and environment. According to comprehensive evaluation of water quality, the landfill leachate is moderately polluted. It is helpful for the control and management of leachate in garbage plants to know the degree and types of heavy metal pollution in leachate.


In order to achieve easy access for measuring techniques to the inner conductor (20) of two sections segregated from each other by a partition in gas isolated tubular conducting installations, a connector component (1) is used which contains, in an encapsulating housing (2) provided with two segretating insulators (7, 8) and an assembly opening, a four-part inner conductor connection (11; 12, 13, 14, 15) whose one conductive part (13) is connected to the other adjacent conductive parts (12, 14) in a jaw-like (16, 16a) and releasable (17) form.


The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict constitutes a perfect case study for empirical and theoretical studies in international relations dealing with the issue of nationalism and ethnic conflict as well as with realism and constructivism. The fact that the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh is recognized by the international community as part of Azerbaijan did not change the reality that the region was captured by local Armenian forces with the help of Armenia proper and Russia. This state of affairs seemed like a vindication of realist school of thought in international relations theory with its age old dictum "might makes right". As far as the end result of the conflict is concerned, this is a correct analysis. However, when one takes the state identities and policies of Armenia and Azerbaijan, we need to recognize ideational factors such as national honor, and dignity which make any compromise on Karabakh highly costly regarding each government's relations with its constituents. This paper will demonstrate that constructivist variables are essential in explicating the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in addition to the realist factors currently at play, particularly since conquest of the region does not significantly add to a country's resources and power.


The banking industry is changing rapidly as financial services are becoming more digital every day. This research provides a set of Robust Design Principles that are able to guide the development of APIs for Open Banking. Interested organizations are able to adopt these principles to jointly establish a robust technical infrastructure and contribute to a durable financial ecosystem. Notably, these design principles are only able to be formulated after careful analysis of the system they are designed for. Thus, the changing financial ecosystem is explicated by clarifying the contextual aspect, as well as the technical aspect of the environment. Furthermore, a future prospect of the financial ecosystem is given to determine the performance of the technical infrastructure that allows for Open Banking.


Design of a low cost and high gain reflectarray antenna is presented in this paper. A 28 × 28 element reflectarray surface has been designed for beam steering between −40° and +40° from the broadside. Unit cell of the reflectarray surface consists of a circular ring and a double square. The characteristics of the reflecting elements are selected such that a progressive phase shift is achieved. Beam steering can be achieved by switching between multiple feed antennas. Antenna shows a peak gain of 29.77 dBi at 18 GHz. In Comparison to the conventional beam steering antennas, the proposed antenna has higher gain and the design is cost effective to implement.


The aim was to describe the clinical data from patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19 and clinical data of patients with pneumonia by the same virus. It was selected articles on clinical data from patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 in pubmed, embase and google schoolar. It was described the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 from 3 studies with 1,078 patients. The main clinical data for COVID-19 were cough 60.4%, fever 40.9%, and production of sputum 26.0%. For pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2, was described clinical data from 495 patients from 5 studies, were fever 77.4%, cough 68.9%, and myoarthralgia 49.9%. In children with COVID-19 was reported cough 48.5%, pharyngeal erythema 46,2%, and fever 41.5%. To use only clinical data to submit patients to RT-PCR test is not good, because many infected patients have not clinical data (asymptomatic carriers) or they did not reported the main clinical data as fever, cough or myoarthralgia.


The precipitation phases and mechanical properties of A357T6 alloy in different quenching conditions were investigated in order to study the sensitivity of casting mechanical properties to quenching conditions. The results show that the strength and macrohardness of the T6 heat treated alloy increase and the relative elongation decrease slightly with increasing quenching cooling rate.The strength and macrohardness of the alloy transfer decrease and the relative elongation increases firstly and then decreases with increasing the quenching time. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test results show that the different mechanical properties of the A357T6 alloy results from the different amount of β′-Mg 2Si precipitation phase and the change of morphology of Si phase in different quenching conditions.


In this paper, the author outlines the plans for implementation of RDS-TMC (Radio Data System - Traffic Message Channel) systems in Europe. RDS-TMC is a method of transmitting high quality, accurate, timely and relevant traffic and travel information without interrupting normal broadcast services and in the language chosen by the user. European projects (ECORTIS and FORCE) are co-ordinating the exploitation, guaranteeing quality, continuity and compatibility. Each country has completed its own workplan, combined into a European Workplan for coherence and consistency across Europe, in accordance with the Agreed Layer for European RDS-TMC, or ALERT for short. Full details of the European Workplan, the ALERT manual, the partners involved in the European projects and project results are available on the RDS-TMC web site: www/rds-tmc.com. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


The aim in making Virtual speech community is to create a natural and enjoyable learning. It is a native speaker-like speech community that makes the learners live as if in the native speaking country. Some requirements are needed; they are members of the community, commitment, and rules. The members can be teachers, tutors, and learners. They must have commitment. Rules must cover everything that makes all activities run well. Members' job descriptions are as follows: teachers teach the learners, tutors help the teachers teach the learner. Learners are the subject of learning who can acquire learning materials. The process of learning happens at every communication activities. The scopes of learning can be speaking, listening, writing, reading, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The learners can also learn how to communicate well and respect others. The result shows that they can improve their English and they have natural and enjoyable learning.


The composition of aerosol particle products formed from the photochemical reaction of terpenes with NO/sub x/ and the chemical reaction of terpenes with ozone was determined using direct insertion probe/high resolution mass spectrometry. Samples of the aerosol particles generated from these gas phase reactions were collected on stainless steel disks using a specially-designed impactor. The samples were analyzed using computer-controlled high resolution mass spectrometry. The photochemical reaction of limonene with NO/sub x/ produced more than 30 reaction products in the aerosol phase. The major products identified include aldehydes, alcohols, acids, peroxides, and nitrate esters of alcohols, acids, and peroxides. In addition, there was evidence of dimeric and possibly trimeric reaction products. The composition of aerosol particle products formed from the dark reaction of ozone with limonene was determined and found similar to those products generated in the photochemical reaction, excluding the nitrated species. Aerosol concentrations were monitored using nephelometry which indicated a conversion of terpene to aerosol of 50% or greater for both the limonene and terpinolene reaction systems. The results show that direct insertion probe high resolution mass spectrometric technique has the capability for determining the composition of very polar and high molecular weight materials in aerosol particles. Themore » composition of terpene aerosol particle products and the mass spectral data obtained from their analysis can be used in further studies to determine the importance of terpene aerosol particle formation in ambient air.« less


Cantharidin is one of the most well- known compounds which has ever been fascinating in medicine due to its effects on human and domestic animals. It is produced naturally by beetles of family Meloidae and Oedemeridae, however a considerable spectra of other insects sequestered it too. Cantharidin along with the other analogue, Palasonin, which has a methyl group less than it, found in the hemolymph and all tissues of both cantharidin producing and cantharipilous taxa. Although, palasonon mostly found in low volume, some species bear it even in a higher amount than cantharidin; thus it may be regarded as a precursor for cantharidin synthesis in producing taxa. Measuring titre of both chemicals in Iranian blister beetles from Nahavand county, Hamedan Province and some other species from France, Italy and South Africa, we have tried to have an index to differentiate species or at least different poulations of the same species as it has already done for family Staphylinidae. In this way, cantharidin may not be a good inicator, but it seems more effective along with other analogues, chemicals and some simple physiological information. Cantharidin/Palasonin ratio (C:P) is a better index which seems efficient in dividing European species from similar South African ones. Palasonin itself can be used to diffrentiate Iranian species from all other studied groups. More chemicals used in this new developed method, more precise is the classification.


Raimondo Montecuccoli, Imperial field commander and one of the most influential military theorists of the seventeenth century, was born in 1609, third son of an old-established Modenese noble family. Raimondo was attracted to the prospects of military service in the armies of the Habsburg emperor, whose court was strongly influenced by transalpine culture and Italian patronage networks. The 16-year-old was taken under the wing of his older cousin, Ernesto, cavalry colonel in the newly created Imperial army of Albrecht Wallenstein. Beginning as a volunteer ranker, in 1630 he gained his own company and took part in the attempts to repulse the Swedish army following Gustavus Adolphus' landing in Germany. Campaigning against the Swedes throughout 1631, he fought at Breitenfeld on September 17, and in the wake of the Imperial defeat was badly wounded and fell into the hands of the Swedish victors. Released six months later after paying a ransom, Montecuccoli was engaged in extensive military operations in 1632–1633, and in 1634 took part in the campaign in southern Germany that culminated in the Imperial victory over the Swedes at Nodlingen. The battle and its aftermath assisted his reputation for reliability and competence, and led to his being granted the colonelcy of his late cousin's cavalry regiment in 1635. At the Imperial defeat of Wittstock in October 1636, it was Montecuccoli's initiative, resolution, and the sacrifice of his regiment that prevented the defeat turning into a rout. Court intrigue surrounding allegations of theft kept Montecuccoli out of military service during the campaigns of 1637 and 1638 when the Imperialists appeared to be turning the tide against the Swedes, and by the time he returned to service in 1639, he found himself on the defensive against increasingly confident and wide-ranging Swedish operations. Attempting to block the Swedish invasion of Bohemia, he was captured for a second time, though on this occasion his captivity was to last for four years, a period in which he was granted access to the ducal library at Stettin and began his own literary career. Though the last few years of the war in Germany were mostly a rearguard action for the Habsburgs and their allies, the period definitively established Montecuuccoli's reputation and career.

Keywords:

seventeeth century;
biography;
europe;
military history;
war;
military history


This article explores the concept and significance of the Rural Non-Farm Activities (RNFAs) in a poor country, using insights from literature and results from a small 198 survey of three regions in Tanzania.  Though cursory, the evidence from the survey confirms the presence of features and constraints typical of a sector at the rudimentary "stage of rural industrialisation".  The contrast between advances made by countries like China and other countries of Asia and Latin America points to the need to target interventions for entrepreneurial development on the RNFAs, covering aspects of production and managerial capabilities.  RNFAs entrepreneurs need help to organise into "clusters" to attract providers of  financial and consultancy services in the adoption and adaptation  of simple technologies, production management, product finishing, and marketing contracts.


Abstract : A target-tracking concept based on modern spectral estimation techniques combined with adaptive array processing has been investigated to attain superresolution tracking performance. The goal is to achieve satisfactory monopulse track angle estimates in the presence of strong multiple interference sources which are located within a beamwidth of the target. This application area was addressed via an all-digital receive system concept whereby adaptive spatial filter weights are periodically updated on the basis of source estimates, and the filter output residue signals are then sifted for targets. This report includes several radar-simulation examples to illustrate some of the processing step outputs, tracking beam distortions, corrections for target wavefront distortions, and tracking in the presence of closely spaced interference sources. It also contains a section devoted to the algorithm theory, analysis, and development which will help to understand the various processing steps involved. (Author)


The word of slice is the comprehend of natural language. Because of characteristic of Chinese, chinese participle becomes more important. This article put forward the phenomena of different meaning in the characteristic first of all, the method of used in technology of characteristic is analyzed and researched afterward, last this article point out the difference of several systems of characteristic in our country.


The present research examines the way in which Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) affected students with Special Educational Needs and/or Disability (SEND) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative descriptive analysis by hand and AI-based/linguistic analysis was performed on the interviews of 12 parents of students with SEND. The results revealed a). how students responded to those special learning conditions, b). how the special educational needs or disabilities of those children affected their attendance on the online courses, and c). how their parents judged the educational dimension of ERT, along with any changes noticed in the psychological and emotional state of their children. Parents highlighted the overall negative impact of ERT on children with SEND.


This study aimed to determine: (1) the effect of interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi inoculation and Rock Phosphate to P Uptake, growth, and yield rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Inpari 19, (2) at a dose of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rock Phosphate uptake P how much produce, growth, and yield the highest rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Inpari 19, and (3) the correlation between growth and uptake variables P with rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Inpari 19. The experiment was conducted in lowland Ciputih Block Manislor Villages Jalaksana District Kuningan Regency, from March through the month of July 2015. The method used in this study is the experimental method. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD), factorial. The study consisted of two treatment factors, namely Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rock Phosphate were repeated 3 times. The first factor is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (C) consists of three levels, namely: C1 (15 kg mycorrhizae), C2 (25 kg mycorrhizae), and C3 (35 kg mycorrhizae). The second factor is Rock Phosphate (R) consists of three levels, namely: R1 (210 kg of rock phosphate fertilizer), R2 (350 kg of rock phosphate fertilizer), and R3 (490 kg of rock phosphate fertilizer). The results showed that: (1) there in a interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi inoculation and administration of Phosphate Rock to the number of tillers per hill 30 days after planting (DAP), P nutrient uptake, root volume, number of productive tillers, filled grain per panicle, and dry milled grain weight per plot, (2) 25 kg treatment Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and 350 kg of Rock Phosphate fertilizer showed the best effect on weight of dry milled grain per plot which 6.95 kg/plot or the equivalent of 9.27 tonnes/ha, and (3) there is a significant correlation between the volume of the roots with dry milled grain weight per plot.


This paper presented to the historical background of Korean textbooks for Japanese police and colonial officials and to analyze speech style with honorific system and usage strategies in 『Gyeongchalgwanjeonnyongjoseoneog-yobeom』(1923~1924).The historical background of Korean as a foreign language in Japanese colonial era had the Press-related-rules in the 1920s after March first independence movement, the Japanese population influx into Korea and aims of the Japanese colonial government directly controlled Korean people by Korean. As a result, the effects of education were negligible but still remain a large number of educational materials which were historical records of language policy in a Japanese colonial era. Topics and conversations of Korean textbooks for police officer reflected Japanese police had full-scale intervention in Korean's everyday life. Characteristic of Police officer's conversation is using the overlap of two honorific level at the same time. In the example, highest level '합니다(Habnida)' and high level '하오(Hao)' appeared in a conversation section. The situation of address and command, '하오(Hao)' increased strategically. The results suggest that variation of honorific means revealed authority and audience control. The results of the content analysis of textbooks emphasized authority, unilateral command and interference to colonial Korean.


Climate change is considered as one of the main challenges facing humankind in the 21th century, with serious and global consequences for the environment, human health and the economy. At the same time, the performance of buildings depends on the climate they are exposed to. Their long lifetime (in the range of 50–100 plus years) corresponds to the timescale over which the climate is expected to show substantial change. This implies that buildings built today need to be designed to work successfully in both the current and future climate. Thus, a measure for remodeling building envelopes in response to climate change has attracted much attention. This study presents an analysis of the impacts of climate change on thermal comfort and energy performance of residential buildings in Kathmandu Valley. It explores mitigation as well as adaptation strategies to improve buildings' performance under climate change conditions. The results suggest that climate change influences energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings. However, effective building design strategies could significantly improve buildings' energy and indoor climate performances under both current and future climate conditions.


In the article on the material of a living companionship researched persuasive (acting) statements – projections and scenarios, identifies their communicative pragmatic function of speech and the correlation with speech genres. A comparison of the implementation of persuasive speech in the family and companionship revealed general and specific to each species of informal communication in its nuclear zone.


It is shown, that the application of lubricants reduces the contact friction magnitude and raises the accuracy of the high-altitude sizes of forged pieces stamped on screw presses. The efficiency depends on an applied lubricant, a rigidity of forged pieces and a type the forge-and-press equipment.


This paper discusses the important significant of the construction of teaching reference book database, introduces the experiences and measures of the library of Guangxi Normal University, and puts forward some assumptions on the construction of teaching reference book database.


The present invention relates to a game service technology, and more particularly, Save a cumulative to collect some of the game winner acquired game money from the game room, the game money haedun collected on cumulative game room and a completely different process It relates to a method for providing a game service that tournament through competition payments to one or more attendees, and servers.


Religion has a strong influence on the world view of a society. It also affects the actions and practices of everyday life. Therefore, changes in the religion also result in changes in religious practice. This paper tries to see the impact of religious change on headhunting (antaboh) in Tahol Murut community, Ulu Tomani, Sabah, Malaysia. This is because, originally, these people are holding on to faith-based ancestral spirits. Headhunting (antaboh) that they practiced for a long time, is based on traditional religion and belief which has existed for many generations. However, having come into contact with the Lun Bawang people who are Christians, they eventually were drawn to accept Christianity as their religion beganning around the 1950s. Thus, the effect of changes in religion in this community is interesting to be discussed. At least we can assess whether the view that religious change gives impact on the culture of a community also applies to this community. The Methodology used in this study is qualitative in nature involving library research and interview key informants. The researcher also had the opportunity to be with this community on a regular basis from 2003 until today. The result of this study revealed that religious change of Murut Tahol community give significant effect to their headhunting practice.


each people) the condition of head lice infection and the students the and selected by the for head lice and the personal details were recorded in checklist. Before the intervention, in 5.2% (95% CI: 3.6-6.8%) of the children were seen head lice infection. Gender (OR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.32-5.54, p =0.006) and father's level of education ( p <0.001) were significantly correlated with head lice infection. The chance of head lice in girls was 2.71 times higher than boys. In addition, the chance of infection to head lice in students with illiterate fathers or elementary literacy, were 9.15 times of students with college-educated fathers. The prevalence of head lice in trained schools decreased by 2.7% after intervention but did not change in control schools. The difference was statistically significant ( p <0.05). Conclusion: In general, the prevalence of head lice infection in primary school children in Semnan is relatively high. Particular attention is needed to girls' schools, also families with low literacy levels. The effectiveness of education emphasizes that the corporation between the University of Medical Sciences & health services and primary schools authorities to raising the awareness of students and their parents, helps to decrease this problem.


Thirty unpremedicated ASA physical status 1–3 patients aged between 18 and 69 years, scheduled for upper limb surgery, received a conventional supraclavicular brachial plexus block using a nerve stimulator and bupivacaine 0.375% 0.5 ml.kg−1. Spirometric measurements of pulmonary function and ultrasonographic assessments of diaphragmatic function were made before the block and at 10‐min intervals after injection until full motor block of the brachial plexus had developed. Complete paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm occurred in 50% of patients. Seventeen per cent of patients had reduced diaphragmatic movement and the rest (33%) had no change in diaphragmatic movement. Those with complete paralysis all showed significant decreases in pulmonary function, whereas those with reduced or normal movement had minimal change. All patients remained asymptomatic throughout, with normal oxygen saturation on room air.


This comparative descriptive study sought to determine the impact of glocalization on international social work education. Using quantitative methods, this study reports objective findings for a randomly selected, non-probability, purposive sample of 178 faculty members who were geographically distributed among faculties and departments of social work at 22 universities in eight Arab countries. The primary research instrument used was a standardized paper and pencil questionnaire. Data analysis of the responses of the faculty members found that participants' attitudes were equally weak on the track of glocalization and international social work education. This could be attributed to the variables of faculty members, social work students, university textbooks, quality of library services, methods of teaching, field practicum, and quality of student evaluation. In contrast, the attitudes of the faculty members averaged on the track of glocalization and international social work education, which could be attributed to the variable of social work curricula. The analysis also revealed a marked absence of sustained contact with social work professionals and scholars from other regions and societies of the world.


reduced CSF outflow and absorption, promoting communicating variety of hydrocephalus. However, obstructive hydrocephalus may develop due to presence or extension of hemorrhage in the intraventricular cavity or subarachnoid space. Thus, the diminished CSF absorption leads to increasing accumulation, resulting in the development of chronic hydrocephalus. [2‐6] The acute variety of hydrocephalus is chiefly caused by sudden intraventricular obstruction. In few cases, ventriculomegaly may not represent raised ICP but simply represent cerebral atrophic process caused as sequelae of previous diffuse brain injury.[2]


A posiible link between predisposition for epilepsy and mutations in the fragile X mental retardation-1 gene (FMR) was investigated in the Neuropediatric Department, Behandlungszentrum Vogtareuth; and Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Munchen, Germany.


NWD1, a purified rodent diet establishing mouse exposure to key nutrients recapitulating levels that increase risk for intestinal cancer, reproducibly causes sporadic intestinal and colonic tumors in the mouse, reflecting human etiology, incidence, frequency and lag with developmental age. Complex NWD1 reprogramming of stem cells and lineages was deconvolved by bulk and scRNAseq, scATACseq, functional genomics and imaging. NWD1 extensively, rapidly, and reversibly reprogrammed Lgr5hi stem cells, epigenetically down-regulating Ppargc1a expression, altering mitochondrial structure and function. This suppressed Lgr5hi stem cell functions and developmental maturation of Lgr5hi cell progeny as cells progressed through progenitor cell compartments, recapitulated by Ppargc1a genetic inactivation in Lgr5hi cells in vivo. Mobilized Bmi1+, Ascl2hi cells adapted lineages to the nutritional environment and elevated antigen processing and presentation pathways, especially in mature enterocytes, causing chronic, pro-tumorigenic low-level inflammation. There were multiple parallels between NWD1 remodeling of stem cells and lineages with pathogenic mechanisms in human inflammatory bowel disease, also pro-tumorigenic. Moreover, the shift to alternate stem cells reflects that the balance between Lg5 positive and negative stem cells in supporting human colon tumors is determined by environmental influences. Stem cell and lineage plasticity in response to nutrients supports historic concepts of homeostasis as a continual adaptation to environment, with the human mucosa likely in constant flux in response to changing nutrient exposures. Thus, although oncogenic mutations provide a competitive advantage to intestinal epithelial cells in clonal expansion, the competition is on a playing field dynamically sculpted by the nutritional environment, influencing which cells dominate in mucosal maintenance and tumorigenesis.


Since the dawn of documented presentations, RA has been a disease of great controversy. However, while the debate during the 18th and 19th centuries was on identifying RA as a distinct disease, it is now one on appropriate treatment and disease subtypes. Interestingly, from Alfred Garrod's first definition of RA in 1859, to arguably the hitherto most prosperous era in rheumatology at which we now stand, complete remission of the disease is rarely the norm [1]. In this commentary, I journey back in time to the ground-breaking discovery of anti-TNF as a therapeutic target, discuss the present armamentarium of drugs available against rheumatism and offer a perspective on the future direction of RA management and nascent paradigms. RA is a systemic inflammatory disease with characteristics of autoimmunity. It is estimated to affect 1% of the population worldwide, with a distinguishable predilection for females, at a ratio of approximately 3:1. Important modifiable risk factors include obesity and smoking, whereas age, ethnicity and genetics also increase propensity to disease [2]. Interestingly, evidence points towards a protective effect of alcohol, the mechanism of which remains elusive. Ultimately, support for the involvement of the microbiome in the development of RA is increasing; Porphyromonas gingivalis, associated with periodontitis, as well as Prevotella copri, resident in the human gut, are the two primary suspects. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and not entirely understood. We accept that RA involves both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. Oddly enough, contrary to infection, the order of recruitment of effector cells is reversed; adaptive immunity precedes (and propels) the innate immunity in RA. Aberrant, self-reactive T cells from individuals with genetic susceptibility, combined with other risk factors in one's lifestyle, can suffice to trigger pathology. Subsequent to unusual T-cell activity, the innate branch of the immune system is eventually recruited and is responsible for most of the tissue damage that manifests symptomatically. Single amino acid modifications in protein residues can create neoantigens, against which the immune response is directed [3]. Citrulline is the main such amino acid against which antibodies are produced. However, the plethora of antibodies involved in RA does not demystify its pathophysiology. More specifically, RF and antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens are two widely recognized antibodies associated with RA. Surprisingly, the presence of disease in patients who are seronegative for both is not uncommon and lends support to the degree of variability in responses between different patients. Therefore, one might argue that RA is in fact a spectrum of various diseases, rather than one homogeneous entity. The significance of this debate is reflected when searching for a cure. Could there be a silver bullet against RA? Or is there a pending need for individualized therapy in patients? Certainly, in the endless pursuit for answers, we must not forget to strive to increase accessibility of current therapeutic modalities across patients. The motion (do not delay, connect today) derived from the 2017 EULAR annual conference reminds us all to make the effort to ensure that medications reach those in need. The platinum age for rheumatology, in which we find ourselves, should not be succeeded before resolving these fundamental principles [4]. The milestones in management of RA are several and recent. It was not until the late 20th century when Sir Marc Feldmann and Sir Ravinder Maini first identified the potential of TNF-a inhibition in the treatment of RA [5]. The results of the first clinical trial, in 1992 (Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, London), were only the beginning of a revolution in the field of rheumatism. To date, two drugs (infliximab and etanercept) capable of inhibiting TNF-a are ranked among the 10 largest selling pharmaceutical products. The third mAb with a similar mechanism of action (i.e. adalimumab) is currently ranked first in sales. Another triumph in the management of RA is MTX. Interestingly, despite all its pleiotropic effects, MTX also reduces the immune response to antiTNF drugs, making it a widely applicable option for combined therapy in the arsenal against rheumatism. Following the success of anti-TNF, a number of single-molecule inhibitors have been developed in an attempt to block activators of T lymphocytes. Anakinra against IL-1, tocilizumab against the IL-6 receptor and rituximab against CD20 are some noteworthy examples of currently available drugs. Last but certainly not least, abatacept acts by inhibiting co-stimulatory signals essential for T-lymphocyte activation. A clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of abatacept in the prevention of RA in high-risk populations is currently in its infancy. Another promising molecule is anti-CD28. Despite bearing great stigma after the lethal trials in Northwick Park under the name TGN1412, the latest studies have achieved inhibition of T-lymphocyte co-stimulation (as originally intended) with the molecule, sparing horrendous adverse effects (namely, the notorious cytokine E D IT O R IA L


The new NPI gun at SLAC serves the dual functions of producing long pulse (up to 5 ..mu..sec, 180 pps) electron bursts for nuclear physics experiments, and also short (1 nsec) pulses for filling Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). This is accomplished by means of a newly designed, isolated grid gun, cathode pulsed with a solid state long pulse pulser, and grid pulsed with a fast recharging avalanche type short pulse (1 nsec) grid pulser. The grid pulser is bipolar so that a fast blackout notch can be placed in the long cathode pulse. This fast notch can be seen by Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) instrumentation and allows the long pulse beam to be computer controlled by SLC intensity and beam position monitors.


The rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of Internet products have already led us into the era of big data, and researchers are increasingly focused on developing advanced data mining techniques to extract valuable insights from large datasets. Frequent itemset mining refers to mining the frequently occurring itemsets in data, which is a reliable method to get useful information from a large amount of data and is used on the Internet, finance, medical and other fields. But as a rule, the number of frequent itemsets extracted from data is exponential, which reduces the usefulness of mining results. To achieve the compressed representation of frequent itemsets, researchers have proposed the concept of frequent closed itemsets, which are greatly reduced in number compared to frequent itemsets and retain the integrity of the information contained in frequent itemsets. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for mining closed itemsets and generators in uncertain data, which can be divided into two steps. First, all probabilistic frequent itemsets are mined, and then, based on the probabilistic frequent itemsets, the closed itemsets and generators among them are identified. And the closed itemsets and generators are associated based on the concept of equivalence classes. The algorithm is proved to be correct and efficient after evaluation on several datasets.


In reversible data hiding, the original cover can be lossless restored after the embedded data is extracted. Iwata et al. established an Irreversible data hiding scheme based on feature of JPEG images. Chang et al. improved the scheme in reversibility. To improve embedding capacity, Lin et al. proposed a reversible data embedding scheme by combining Chang et al.'s scheme and Difference Expansion method. In this paper, we propose a new reversible data embedding scheme in JPEG images, it has method and location data embedding different from Chang et al.'s scheme. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our scheme outperforms two schemes of Chang et al. and Lin et al., both in terms of embedding capacity and image quality.


The syntheses of Pr(ClO4)3, Pr(OTf)3 (OTf = CF3SO3), Pr(ClO4)3•Cl2O6, and NO2Pr(ClO4)4 are described. Vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and EXAFS (for Pr(ClO4)3) are used to characterize the structure of the complexes. [ClO4] and [OTf] appear as tridentate in Pr(ClO4)3 and Pr(OTf)3 and Pr is 9-coordinated. In Pr(ClO4)3•Cl2O6, chlorine trioxide is included in the lattice of Pr(ClO4)3 and shows the ionic ↔ covalent equilibrium. In NO2Pr(ClO4)4, Pr(ClO4)4− retains the structure of Pr(ClO4)3, the extra [ClO4] is weakly bonded to Pr• Pr(ClO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/m), a = 8.608; b = 11.827; c = 7.416 A; β = 106.29°, and V = 724.79 A3. Distances Pr—O = 2.51 A and Pr—Cl = 3.90 A are determined by EXAFS. Strong fluorescence phenomena are observed when Pr(ClO4)3 is excited with the 488 nm line of an ionized Ar laser.


Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are an innate, CD1d-restricted T cell lineage that rapidly secretes cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon gamma upon activation. iNKT cells potentiate adaptive T cell immunity, in part, by activating or "licensing" dendritic cells (DCs). However, the choreography of DC licensing within secondary lymphoid organs remains unclear. Using a combination of gene reporter mice and mCD1d-specific tetramer staining in situ, we localize the endogenous splenic iNKT cell population and characterize their migration pattern and site of canonical cytokine production in response to cognate lipid antigen encounter. We show that iNKT cells are distributed throughout the spleen of naive mice, but upon activation with αGalCer or pathogen-derived lipids rapidly accumulate in the bridging channels and marginal zone where they secrete IL-4. Early iNKT cell cytokine production and migration depends on the presence of marginal zone DCs. iNKT activation acts reciprocally to upregulate CCR7 and relocalize marginal zone DCs to the splenic T cell zone, another means by which iNKTs may "license" DC-mediated adaptive immunity. Studies of iNKT migration and DC licensing during live bacterial infection are currently underway to further understand how iNKT cells exert their anti-microbial effects in vivo.


Objectives: The costs associated with traumatic injury are often exacerbated by the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms. However it is unclear what decreases the risk of developing post-traumatic symptoms over time. The aim of the present research was to examine the role of psychological symptoms and social group memberships in reducing the risk of developing post-traumatic stress symptoms after orthopaedic injuries (OI) and acquired brain injuries (ABI). Design/Methods: A longitudinal prospective study assessed self-reported general health symptoms, social group memberships, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among participants with mild or moderate ABI (n=62) or upper limb OI (n=31) at two weeks (T1) and three months (T2) after injury. Results: Hierarchical regressions revealed that having fewer T1 general health symptoms predicted lower levels of T2 post-traumatic stress symptoms after OI but forming more new group memberships at T1 predicted lower levels of T2 post-traumatic stress symptoms after ABI. Conclusions: A focus on group memberships may be particularly important in reducing the risk of developing post-traumatic stress symptoms after injuries, such as ABI, which result in long-term life changes. Word count: 176


Proteins that bind to specific sequences in replication origins have been shown to be important components of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication systems. An origin of DNA replication is located within the 5' non-transcribed spacer region of the rRNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila. Previous work has shown that several cis-acting mutations responsible for rDNA replication defects lie in upstream repeats of a transcriptional promoter element, the Type I repeat. Using FE(II)EDTA cleavage footprinting and gel-mobility shift assays, I identified and characterized two distinct DNA-binding activities that interact with the Type I repeat. One of these activities, designated ds-TIBF, binds preferentially to duplex DNA whereas the other, ssA-TIBF, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA. Competition studies revealed that although ds-TIBF binds with high affinity to Type I sequences, it has only moderate sequence specificity and binds with high affinity to other duplex oligonucleotides containing dA/T stretches of greater than 6 nucleotides. In contrast, ssA-TlBF does not bind to generally A-rich oligonucleotides, but specifically interacts with single-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to the Type I repeat. UV crosslinking of the partially purified protein to A-rich strand oligonucleotides followed by SDS gel electrophoresis demonstrated the binding activity of ssA-TIBF is associated with a polypeptide of


The 2011 tsunami waves and return flows caused severe breaching of sandy beach along the coast of Yamamoto, Miyagi, Japan. These breaching are bounded by coastal structures such as jetties or breakwaters which are considered as rigid boundaries. This study investigates the formation mechanism of tsunami bay at the breaching locations. Fully recovery of breaching is observed at the areas with sufficient sediment supply from adjacent sandy coasts. However, at the area with less or without adjacent sandy coast, the formation of tsunami bay is observed. The relationship between measured area of adjacent sandy coasts, A S , and measured area of breaching, A B , indicates that the formation of tsunami bay take place in case A B greater than A S and vice versa.


Phosphate system has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, high heat resistance temperature, good structural design and oxidation resistance [1]. It can be said that phosphate system concentrates the advantages of metal and non-metal ceramics and becomes an ideal high temperature resistant material, which can meet the requirements of various special functions. Inorganic phosphate adhesives can be used to bind many materials, such as metals, ceramics, glasses, etc. They have the advantages of room temperature curing, good water resistance and low curing shrinkage [2-5]. They are widely used in high temperature bonding, sealing and potting of aerospace and aeronautics and heat-resistant structural repair and other fields [6-10]. Introduction Abstract


Satellite image classification is one of the most significant applications in remote sensing. Remote sensing data obtained from different optical sensors have been commonly used to characterize and quantity land information. However, conventional optical remote sensing is limited by weather conditions. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with the allweather and all-time advantages, is important in the domain of earth observation. Polarimetric SAR (PoISAR) images can provide more target information and facilitate improvement of the land cover classification accuracy. Therefore, land cover classification for PolSAR images is important in remote sensing, especially for those areas that change drastically with season. This project implement algorithm for the land classification for the PoISAR images. We can propose multilevel semantic features approach to extract the high level features such as Entropy/Anisotropy/Alpha values. And implement physical scattering properties and implement Latent Dirichlet allocation scheme to discover high level semantics to provide histogram for each pixels. Finally implement KNN classification to classify the PoISAR images with various class labels such as water, land and other properties. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed method for land cover classification of the various places, Le., the overall accuracy reaches up to 90.91 %, while that for the method based on the Wishart distance is 85.01 %, which exhibits the superiority of the proposed method over state of art classification in the various geo spatial data.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is one of the major global public health issues, because it is a biggest threat to human health. HBV diagnosis, prevention and treatment are very improtant for the world. In China, especially, the growing population movement, the increasing vaccines and drug treatment, and more and more high-immunoglobulin are causing, more and more mutations and variation of HBV. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to understand the latest developments of HBV biomarkers. This review describes these biomarkers of HBV, such as:HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb、anti-HBc-IgM、HBcAg、HBcrAg、 Pre-S1、Pre-S2、Pre-Pre-S、covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA).


In this paper, we expolore Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster. Considering that the current UAV cluster is still in the program control stage, the fully autonomous and intelligent cooperative combat has not been realised. In order to realise the autonomous planning of the UAV cluster according to the changing environment and cooperate with each other to complete the combat goal, we propose a new MARL framework. It adopts the policy of centralised training with decentralised execution, and uses Actor-Critic network to select the execution action and then to make the corresponding evaluation. The new algorithm makes three key improvements on the basis of Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) algorithm. The first is to improve learning framework; it makes the calculated Q value more accurate. The second is to add collision avoidance setting, which can increase the operational safety factor. And the third is to adjust reward mechanism; it can effectively improve the cluster's cooperative ability. Then the improved MADDPG algorithm is tested by performing two conventional combat missions. The simulation results show that the learning efficiency is obviously improved, and the operational safety factor is further increased compared with the previous algorithm.


Hyponatremia is one of more common complications in acute cerebral hemorrhagic stroke and influences patients prognosis.There are two syndromes about its mechanism:syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH)and cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS).Owing to contrary therapeutic plan between SIADH and CSWS,we can improve effectively hyponatremia and prevent latent complications only by pathophysiological mechanism of hyponatremia in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhagic stroke.This article introduced the clinical performance,diagnosis,treatment and mechanism of patients with acute cerebral hemorrhagic stroke and hyponatremia.


At the Steppe Research Station "Orenburg Tarpania" of the Institute of Steppe of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg region, Russia), we carried out work to study acclimatization of large ungulates of inhabiting arid ecosystems to the natural conditions of the South Ural steppe sub-region. The "Orenburg Tarpania" contains introduced animal species: Przewalski's horse, kiangs, two-humped camels, domestic yaks and an indigenous breed of downy goats. The goal of the project is to return large phytophages to their natural steppe habitat. To prevent an increase in the infection of new populations with helminths to a clinically significant level and to study the adaptation to the existing territorial helminth-faunal complex, we monitor helminth infections of animals kept in the station and in the adjacent areas. Our survey revealed parasitism of nematodes of the suborder Strongylata (families Strongylidae and Trichonematidae) and the suborder Asagidata (Ragassagis equorum) was revealed in ungulates. Parasitism of nematodes of the suborder Strongylata (genera Chabertia and Nematodirus), and protozoa of the genus Eimegia, was detected in ruminants in the Steppe Research Station. The invasion intensity in all cases ranged from low to medium, with no clinical signs. Further studies are planned to determine the degree of biological equilibrium formation in the helminth-host system of the model plot.