Back in the autumn of 2012, when Obama's re-election looked decidedly dicey, a key endorsement was unveiled that was trumpeted across the Atlantic by the Guardian as potentially being a game-changer with important psychological consequences (Lynskey). After a few wobbly moments for both, Bruce Springsteen came out for Obama. The fan base of a "multimillionaire populist rock star crowd-surfing the adoring masses" (Remnick)—as the New Yorker called him earlier that summer in an interview in which he rejected undertaking future presidential campaigning —was being leveraged to transform the fortunes of the most powerful man of the Western world, a president who had once dazzled but whose star had somewhat faded during his first term in office. Reversing the usual stereotypes about rock being a youngster's game and politics being for wizened old sages, the moment equated fan base size with electoral clout. It was not an isolated incident. Pop fandom is an essential part of the armory of any modern politician. It is used to demonstrate that our leaders are "just like us." Taking primarily a British focus, what follows will make some observations on the changing ways in which music fandom has been practiced by political leaders. Politics and popmusic once appeared to be opposite poles. One was rational, serious, and deliberative: an activity that until the Representation of the People Act of 1967 was, in the UK, something inwhich only over-21-year-olds could fully participate. The other was about spontaneity—instant thrills and youthful folly. Describing the rock-and-roll era in an influential pamphlet of 1959 called The Teenage Consumer, the ad man Mark Abrams heralded the birth of a growing market with distinctly teenage wants and desires, a group that was more impulsive than their elders who had known wartime austerity. Fandom can take many forms, from relatively passive consumption to violent participation in supposed "fan" groups of football hooligans. Joli Jenson has noted that "the screaming weeping teen at the airport glimpsing a rock star or the roaringmaniacal sports fan rioting at a soccer game" were its common reference points (12). The word "fan" in particular derived from the term "fanatic," implying irrationally crazed mobs.


Provided is a method for manufacturing a liquid-filled container, having: a liquid blow molding step which, while a blow nozzle (23) is engaged with the mouth (2a) of a preform (2), supplies a pressurized liquid (L) from a supply passage into the preform (2) to mold the preform (2) into a liquid-filled container (C) having a shape conforming to the inner surface of a blow molding die (10); and a head space forming step which, while the supply passage is closed, introduces a pressurized gas from a gas inflow passage (34) into the liquid-filled container (C) to discharge the liquid (L) from the inside of the liquid-filled container (C) through a discharge opening (28a) provided in a discharge rod (28) extending through the blow nozzle (23) into the liquid-filled container (C), thereby forming a head space (HS) in the liquid-filled container (C).


There has been controversy regarding the structure and mechanisms of rearrangement of the totally degenerate (CH)/sub 9//sup +/ carbocation 1 obtained from bicyclo(3.2.2)nona-3,6,8-trien-2-ol (2) in superacid. Ion 1 appears as a sharp singlet in the /sub 1/H NMR spectrum at -135/sup 0/C and rearranges rapidly at -125/sup 0/C to the 1,4-dihomotropylium ion (3). Among others, bicyclo(3.2.2)nona-3,6,8-trienyl cation (4), 9-barbaralyl(tricyclo(3.3.1.o/sup 2/ /sup 8/)nona-3,6-dien-9-yl) cation (5), and the D/sub 3h/ structure (6) have been proposed as structures of ion 1. The present paper presents complete results of studies of /sup 13/C labelled ion 1 and isotopic perturbation by eight deuteriums of /sup 13/C-labeled 1. The ion precursors (3-/sup 13/C)bicyclo(3.2.2)nona-3,6,8-trien-2-ol (10) and (3-/sup 13/C,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9-/sup 2/H/sub 8/)bicyclo(3.2.2)nona-3,6,8-trien-2-ol (12) have been synthesized. From these alcohols the corresponding ions ((CH)/sub 8//sup 13/CH)/sup +/ (11) and ((CD)/sub 8//sup 13/CH)/sup +/ (13) have been generated in superacid. On the basis of the /sup 13/C NMR spectrum of 11 and its temperature dependence, structure 4 is excluded as candidate for ion 1. Perturbation of the rapid degenerate equilibria of 11 by eight deuteriums as in 13 results in shifts of the /sup 13/C NMR signals relative to those of ion 11. These results exclude 6 as a candidate formore » the structure of ion 1 but are consistent with structure 5. Ion 5 undergoes a 9-fold degenerate rearrangement (..delta.. G* = 21 kJ mol/sup -1/) presumably via 4 as an intermediate. Ion 5 also undergoes an even faster rearrangement, a 6-fold degenerate rearrangement (..delta.. G* < 16 kJ mol/sup -1/) via divinylcyclopropylcarbinyl-divinylcyclopropylcarbinyl cation mechanism.« less


In mid-1997, the new board of directors of SBC/ FUNCOR established the Committee of Medical Residency and Training to assist with the evaluation of training in cardiology. Besides providing subsidies and criteria for accreditation of the courses, this committee was encouraged to address the problem of cardiologists' training in our country. During six months of work, the committee concluded that, despite the apparent dichotomy between the official programs of Medical Residency (MR) approved by the Brazilian Department of Education and Culture and those endorsed by SBC/FUNCOR, the establishment of a link between the two institutions was a priority. The following proposal resulted from this recognition of the need for greater cooperation and was developed from contributions of participants from the main cardiology MR program in São Paulo state, during the seminar "Medical Residency and Brazilian Society of Cardiology", held on February 7, 1998 at the SBC/FUNCOR headquarters. Subsequently with the approval of the board of directors of SBC, this project was presented to the National Committee of Medical Residency (NCMR) in April 1998, and was well received by its members. Both groups recognized that a proposal was needed. In conjunction with NCMR, a national seminar would be held to carefully examine and define the main consensual proposals. We present here the proposal in its preliminary form in the hopes of inspiring discussion of this significant topic affecting the evolution of cardiological education in our country.


Digital micro-mirror device (DMD)-based optical switch can dynamically change the channels reallocation and provide flexibility in optical networking with the advantages of fast time response and scalable port number. However, the DMD as a binary diffraction device has a limited efficiency of 10.1% at the +1st diffraction order. Here we propose and demonstrate a DMD-based optical switch with improved efficiency enabled by a blazed micro-grating array. The blazed micro-grating array is designed and fabricated to diffract and make use of the wasted −1st order beams of the DMD. Using this device, we achieve ~2 dB efficiency improvements for a  $2\times 2$  optical switch with all switching states. We experimentally demonstrate high speed switching of channels carrying 15 and 30 Gb/s ON-OFF keying signals. The micro-grating array has the potential to develop for the DMD-based optical switch with multiple channels.


Brain white matter fiber tracking imaging using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) traces brain white matter fiber bundle and reconstruct the structures of the fibers according to the diffusion of water molecular in the white matter. In this paper, a novel fiber tracking technique based on well established unsupervised learning algorithms was proposed. For a pair of regions of interest (ROIs), a random fiber pathway that connect both ROIs are generated initially. This pathway is evaluated for fitness to the diffusion tensor field and fiber geometric with global constraints. Then another random fiber pathway was generated and compared with the former one. Training was done according to the fitness between the two fiber and weights was renewed to generate new fiber. These processes are iterated until convergence to get a deterministic tracking result and three dimensional white matter fiber structure can get from the multiple results. This method was applied to a synthetic dataset and two sets of in vivo DTI data acquired from different healthy human volunteers. The experiments demonstrate that the fiber tracking algorithm we proposed can reconstruct white matter fiber trajectories faithfully for both synthetic and in vivo DTI data and is in-susceptible to image noise and other local artifacts.


PurposeGrounded in the stressor-strain-outcome model, this study aims to examine the impact of different information sources on information behavior among the Pakistani Z generation during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study was quantitative, with 344 responses collected from Gen Z (those born in the late 1990s) using an online survey. The proposed structural model was tested with the help of SmartPLS 3.3. Information sources were divided into four categories, i.e. conventional media, personal networks, social media and Internet use through official health websites.FindingsIn the Pakistani context, conventional media was found to develop information overload among Zers, whereas social media and personal networks were positively associated with information anxiety. However, Internet use (official and medical websites) for health-related information-seeking significantly reduced information anxiety among people. None of these information sources are the reason for information avoidance but the sources affect either the independent predictor of information avoidance or the mediators. Whereas information overload is a predictor of information anxiety and information, anxiety is a mediator between information overload and avoidance behavior.Research limitations/implicationsTo avoid the negative consequences of abundant information, the authors need to promote and encourage the use of authentic information sources to make Gen Z skeptical, independent, critical and scientific thinkers.Originality/valueInformation sources' dynamics in terms of negative consequences of abundant information has not been explored previously at this magnitude, particularly from the perspective of a developing country.


Abstract American students are encouraged to become globally competitive. I argue that in a world plagued by social inequality and environmental mismanagement, students should become globally cooperative. But this position is not new. Nineteenth century geographers such as Peter Kropotkin argued that geographic education should promote cooperation and tolerance of others. This article explores why geographers cast aside this progressive vision for geographic education. It hypothesizes that geography's pursuit of academic and scientific legitimacy prompted it to spurn "value-laden" methods. The article concludes by suggesting that geographers return to their social justice roots by adopting constructivist pedagogical methods of Paulo Freire.


Objective:To study the effect of anti-CD3 CD28 on enhancing lymphocyte transform function(LTF),in order to understand and evaluate characteristics of anti-CD3/28 to expand T lymphocytes in PBMC and affection of the APC amount to T cells expanding.Methods:with the methods of incorporation of ~3H-thymidine(~(3)H-TdR) for measure LTF,cell culture and flow cytometry(FCM),using coated anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 to stimulate T lymphocytes.Then raised the antigen presentation cell(APC) concentration,measured the LTF with normal APC concentration group of anti-CD3 alone as control.SI and CD8~+CD25~+cells′percentage was used to evaluate all factors to LTF.Results:anti-CD3 can enhance LTF in normal APC grounp and anti-CD28 has co-stimulation function.In no APC group,the LTF of anti-CD3 came down sharply,but anti-CD28 also had co-stimulation function.In four times APC group,anti-CD3 can enhance LTF in normal APC grounp more and anti-CD28 had no co-stimulation function.Only anti-CD28 had no effective activity.The result of FCM was parallel with the SI.Conclusion:anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 can mimic first and second signal to active T cells,while anti-CD28 may replace second signal function which offered by APC.But APC also has other function to affect lymphocytes activity.lymphocyte transformation;flow cytometry;antigen-presenting cells


In the present paper, biharmonic Legendre curves with respect to Schouten-Van Kampen connection have been studied on three-dimensional f-Kenmotsu manifolds. Locally $\phi $-symmetric Legendre curves on three-dimensional f-Kenmotsu manifolds with respect to Schouten-Van Kampen Connection have been introduced.Also slant curves have been studied on three-dimensional f-Kenmotsu manifolds with respect to Schouten-Van Kampen connection. Finally, we constract an example of a Legendre curve in a 3-dimensional f-Kenmotsu manifold.


We present a comprehensive study of the diverse properties of heteronuclear Rydberg molecules, placing a special emphasis on those composed of the light alkali-metal atoms, Li, Na, and K. Electron-atom scattering phase shifts, which determine the strength of the molecular bond, are calculated at very low energy and then used in a spin-dependent theoretical model to calculate accurate Rydberg molecule potential-energy curves. The wide parameter range accessible by combining the various properties of different alkali-metal atoms often leads to hybridized electronic states accessible via one or two photon excitation schemes. This analysis of heteronuclear molecules leads to a prediction that the relative densities and spatial distributions of atoms in an ultracold mixture can be probed at controllable length scales via spectroscopic detection of these molecules.


According to the needs of real-time cache, high-rate storage and reading data of image processing system, this paper designs a kind of DDR2 SDRAM controller and introduces the system architecture and data channel of DDR2 controller. The function module of DDR2 controller is designed by using Verilog HDL through the modular design pattern. Then the function of each module and the configuration of core IP are described in detail. Finally, the simulation result of DDR2 controller proves that it can be well applied to the image processing system based on FPGA.


FIFTY years ago, in 1907, Professor Lev Petrazhitsky of the University of St. Petersburg, Russia, published the first edition of his remarkable work on legal philosophy, Teoriya prava i gosudarstva v svyasi s teoriei nravstvennosto (A Theory of Law .and State in Connection with a Theory of Morality). This twovolume work has been translated into English and is published at present in an abbreviated form under the title Law and Morality.l Petrazhitsky's biography is at the same time the history of a great scientific achievement. Petrazhitsky began his scientific career in Germany, assigned by the Russian government to a special seminar created by the Russian Ministry of Education in Berlin for Russian professional aspirants. The seminar was headed by Professor Dernburg, at that time the greatest living expert in Roman and Civil Law.


In a wide array of disciplines, data can be modeled as an interconnected network of entities, where various attributes could be associated with both the entities and the relations among them. Knowledge is often hidden in the complex structure and attributes inside these networks. While querying and mining these linked datasets are essential for various applications, traditional graph queries may not be able to capture the rich semantics in these networks. With the advent of complex information networks, new graph queries are emerging, including graph pattern matching and mining, similarity search, ranking and expert finding, graph aggregation and OLAP. These queries require both the topology and content information of the network data, and hence, different from classical graph algorithms such as shortest path, reach ability and minimum cut, which depend only on the structure of the network. In this tutorial, we shall give an introduction of the emerging graph queries, their indexing and resolution techniques, the current challenges and the future research directions.


There are high-risks during the thermal exploitation of heavy oil on offshore platform.Nanpu Oilfield is a experimental base on thermal exploitation of heavy oil and it has formed a safety management system through practice and continuous improvement for several years.The diversity management is introduced in personnel management,fixing organizations and posts,and implementing rigid or elastic management according to attitude.Regarding HSE system as a foundation,safety tools are refined and series of effective measures are launched,such as,regional responsibility system,normal education for five minutes,safety coordinators,permitting to work double check,the four principles,process risk control and so on.Quality management has been improved based on analysis of restrictive factors,detailed interface,key parameters tracking and phase correction and summary.The set of risk control methods has ensured the smooth advancing and safety of six thermal exploitations and other high-risk operations,and been solidified to form the safety culture of oil field.


sciences, psychiatry, and social medi¬ cine to this preparatory education. The latter are disappointingly familiar (ie, give us more time), but the former are both provocative and refreshing. In one, E. E. Boesch of Saar¬ brucken, Germany, develops a compelling argu¬ ment that a process of social education (through which a student is helped to learn more about the social forces at work in the doctor-patient interaction) must parallel the process of medical education if the future practitioner is to serve individuals and communities most effectively. In the other, John Ellis of London, England, boldly proposes an educational program based upon the thesis that "the undergraduate cur¬ riculum should cease to be a time-table into which all subjects are squeezed, and become instead a series of consecutive stages of learn¬ ing


Blockchain has become a pervasive technology in a wide number of sectors like industry, research, and academy. With the emergence of blockchain, new solutions with this technology to existing problems were devised, leading to the introduction of smart contracts. Smart contracts are similar to traditional contracts with the benefits provided by blockchain, such as immutability, privacy, and decentralisation. These contracts are usually defined based on a specific domain, and this domain knowledge can be represented through an ontology. Researches have explored the benefits of using domain ontologies with smart contracts, such as code generation, discovering other contracts in the network, or interaction with other contracts. Notwithstanding, the representation of smart contract languages themselves has not been studied. In this paper, we present an ontology for a well-known smart contract language, Solidity, defining all entities needed to cover the whole language and aligning it to other standardised ontologies such as EthOn, in a way to improve the knowledge of the ontology developed. Furthermore, the ontology has also been validated with already deployed contracts in the Ethereum blockchain. Thus, Solidity will be able to benefit from the advantages provided by ontologies, such as interoperability and the use of semantic web technologies.


This article reports findings from a program of research on the systematic influence of implicitly perceived facial expressions of emotions on effort mobilization in cognitive tasks. Recently published research on the implicit-affect-primes-effort (IAPE) model (Gendolla, 2012) has revealed replicated evidence for this effect: implicitly perceived facial expressions of sadness, anger, fear, and happiness influence effort-related cardiac response during cognitive performance. In further support of the IAPE model, those studies revealed that the effects of implicitly processed emotional expressions on effort mobilization differ systematically: Implicit fear and sadness expressions that are processed online during task performance render tasks subjectively more difficult, resulting in relatively high effort. Implicit happiness and anger expressions have the opposite effect. Moreover, objective task difficulty and incentive moderated the effect of implicit affect, and especially controlled processing of affect primes turned out to be a boundary condition.


AbstractThe Natomas basin is a 21,450-ha area north of downtown Sacramento, California. The developed area relies on levees for flood protection along its perimeter. The western boundary is a 29.9-km-long levee that protects the area from flooding by the Sacramento River. Since its construction over a century ago, this levee has experienced a myriad of performance issues. From 2008 to 2011, a team of engineers completed design and construction of remedial measures with the objective of ending the historic performance issues. Along one stretch, the Sacramento River and levee make a sharp bend at a constant levee radius of approximately 515 m. During the design processes, the levee was analyzed using a two-dimensional plane strain model despite this relatively sharp convex bend. This paper presents a review of the plane strain and axisymmetric formulations in which it is shown that the radial (horizontal) scale of the axisymmetric formulation is not arbitrary and requires additional planning by the modeler....


The authors investigated lacustrine chemical sediments on terrace-I of Dong Co---a salt lake in the interiorof the northern Tibetan Plateau and firstly discovered borax and a complete sedimentary section with five pure mirabilitebeds. According to the sedimentary characteristics of rhythmic layering, palaeotemperatures for the formation of the cold-phase mineral-mirabilite-at the profiles and 14C dating, the authors applied the theory and method of comparativesalinology in the study of the history of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment of Dong Co in the early and middleHolocene and drew the conclusion that the salt lake had experienced the following climatic evolution: the warm and moiststage (>8470 a BP and possibly to 10500 a BP)→cold and dry stage (8470-8170 a BP)→warm and moist stage (8170-7590a BP)→stage of repeated climatic oscillations (7590-7400 a BP, alternation of three dry oscillations and three moist os-cillations in a generally cold climatic background)→cold and dry stage (7400-6940 a BP)→warm and moist stage (6940-6620 a BP)→cold and dry stage (6620-6410 a B P)→ warm and moist stage (after 6410 a BP).


Oro-antral communication is a common complication of exodontia as well as trauma and pathology or may result during surgical procedures. It is therefore routinely encountered in the maxillofacial clinic and results in the inflammation of the sinus membrane and subsequent complaint of pain and pus discharge from the infected sinus cavity frequently appearing on the radiograph as an opacification of the sinus. Chronic cases may even be reporting with long-standing fistulas with complaints of nasal regurgitation and foul smell. History of trauma, surgery, or extraction is suggestive and adequate management is necessary to ensure patient well-being and rehabilitation. Presented here is a case report demonstrating successful surgical management and rehabilitation following the development of oro-antral communication in a 35-year-old female patient who had presented to the department with the chief complaint of pain and pus discharge since 2 months using pedicled buccal fat pad.


In a double-blind, dose comparison multicenter trial 115 patients with duodenal ulcer were treated with either 20 or 30 mg oral omeprazole once daily for 4 weeks. There was no difference in the healing rates for the two groups after 2 and 4 weeks. After 2 weeks with 20 and 30 mg healing frequencies were 79.0 and 72.7%, after 4 weeks 96.5 and 92.7%. No difference was observed between the groups in the number of pain episodes during day and night. No side effects to the drug occurred. A daily dose of 20 mg omeprazole may be effective in ulcer therapy.


Constructing efficient photocatalysts for CO conversion and synthesis of valuable chemical fuels has been one of the most promising strategies and challenge for both energy crisis and greenhouse gas control. In this study, an interfacial defect in the Co-based spinel/carbon nitride direct Z-scheme heterojunction (CoO/CNS) with ultrahigh charge transfer efficiency was successfully constructed by in situ electrostatic assembly between g-CN nanosheets and a hollow spherical CoO. Compared to pure g-CN nanosheets, the constructed heterojunction CoO/CNS-10% shows a highly advanced photocatalytic capability with approximately 11.5 and 6.4 times in the CO evolution rate (13.31 μmol·g·h) and CH generation rate (3.17 μmol·g·h), respectively. Additionally, both experimental observations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the oxygen vacancies could form spontaneously in the interface, which play a great role in not only driving oriented interface charge transfer through acting as interface charge recombination centers but also improving CO molecule adsorption and activation in a sense. This work would not only provides deep insights into the heterojunction construction for highly photocatalytic performance promotion but also emphasizes the importance of interfacial defect engineering in effectively controllable interface charge transfer.


Combining solid expandable tubular technology with surface stack technology has pushed the technical limits of surface stack drilling into deeper water and deeper formations.


In the characteristics of the morphological formation of Japanese slang words (Wakamono Kotoba), Indonesian slang words (Bahasa Gaul), and Malang slang words (Slang Malang), there is a phenomenon of English influence. The purpose of this study is to examine the morphological characteristics of the English influence on Japanese slang words (Wakamono Kotoba), Indonesian slang words (Bahasa Gaul), and Malang slang words (Slang Malang). The data was collected from Twitter accounts which the users are native Japanese language, native Indonesian language, and native Malang language. The analysis was based on the classification of word-formation categories Akihiko Yonekawa (Yonekawa, 1998). The result of the study shows that the English influence on Japanese slang words is in the category of English borrowing and the combination of Japanese and English. Meanwhile, the English influence on Indonesian slang words and Malang slang words is only in the form of English borrowing.


James Watt's philosophical thoughts about chemistry and the nature of heat were dissected thoroughly by David Miller in his recent book James Watt, chemist (2009).[1][1] In contrast, in Watt's garret workshop, preserved at the Science Museum since 1924,[2][2] there are four discrete collections of


The utility model discloses a frozen soil frost heaving and thawing settlement measuring device, which comprises a fiber pipe, an inductor, a data converter, and a processing unit, wherein salt water is placed in the fiber pipe, the inductor is connected with a float through a float connecting line, one part of the float enters into the salt water, and the data converter is connected with the inductor and the processing unit respectively to convert induction signals of the inductor into digital signals for being sent to the processing unit for process. The frozen soil frost heaving and thawing settlement measuring device provided by the utility model fills the gap in frost heaving and thawing settlement measurement, provides more detailed geological data for project construction in frozen soil area, and reduces influence to building foundation caused by frost injury.


During normal breathing, the upper airway warms and moistens the inspired air such that, at the level of the main carina, humidity reaches 44 mg H2O/L (100% relative humidity at 37°C, the average core temperature of humans). Conversely, during invasive mechanical ventilation, orotracheal or


Objective To research the protective effect and mechanism of new compound Anti-Coxsackievirus B Myocarditis Capsule(ACMC)on cardiomyocytes infected by Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3).Methods Four experimental concentrations were selected according to the maximum non-toxic concentrations(TC0)of ACMC and ribavirin.The well-grown H9C2cells were seeded in 96-well plates and divided into the ACMC group,ribavirin group,normal control group and virus control group.The effects of ACMC and ribavirin at different concentrations on cell proliferation,cell protection,direct anti-virus,anti-virus adsorption were observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay and indicated as OD values according to four-different dosing and virus-plus methods.Results The OD values at different concentrations in the ACMC and ribavirin groups were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P0.05or P0.01).The OD value of cell proliferation at 0.390625mg/ml in the ACMC group was significantly higher than that at 0.1953125mg/ml and 0.09765625mg/ml in the ACMC group and at various concentrations in the ribavirin group respectively(P0.05or P0.01).The OD value of cell protection at 0.78125mg/ml in the ACMC group was significantly higher than that at other concentrations in the ACMC group and at various concentrations in the ribavirin group respectively(P0.05or P0.01).There was no significant difference between the ACMC group and ribavirin group in the OD values of direct anti-virus and anti-virus adsorption at various concentrations(P0.05).Conclusion ACMC can protect the cardiomyocytes through inhibiting the virus proliferation,protecting the cells,directly fighting the virus and preventing the virus adsorption,with best inhibition of virus proliferation at 0.390625 mg/ml and protection of cells at 0.78125mg/ml and superior to ribavirin.


Objective
To analyze the cause and the treatment efficacy of subchoroidal expulsive hemorrhage(SEH) in phacoemulsification.

Methods
Six eyes of 6 cases of subchoroidal expulsive hemorrhage from Jan.2012 to Dec.2014 during and after phacoemulsification were analzed retrospectively. All cases suffered from hypertension and 3 cases of high myopia.

Results
All cases received conservative treatment and surgery. SEH occurred during the surgery in 4 cases and 2 cases after surgery. The follow-up time was 3-29 months, average (15.7±10.5) months. After treatment the visual acuity of 4 cases was 0.25, 0.3, 0.8, 0.9.The visual acuity of macular degeneration or retinal detachment wasn't improved in 2 cases.After treatment IOP were normal. IOP was suddenly reduced after eye incision, so that the internal and external pressure difference was too large, which was the main cause of SEH.Hypertension, high myopia, hyperglycemia and intraoperative tension were associated with introperative SEH.

Conclusion
Early diagnosis and treatment of SEH during phacoemulsification can maintain the eyeball integrity and save partial sight.

Key words:
Hemorrhage, subchoroidal, expulsive; Cataract; Phacoemulsification


The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the climate of staff in kindergartens. Its aim is to analyze the issues of interpersonal communication and working climate and chart the climate of staff in selected kindergartens in the Zlin Region. It is an empirical work. The theoretical part presents the terminological basis of the climate of the staff in kindergartens. In the center of author's attention are also the specifics of the staff in kindergartens. An integral part of the theoretical part is the introduction of principles and strategies of communication in the staff in kindergartens. The findings of the research include that the headmasters of kindergartens are the most significant factors influencing the functioning of kindergarten. Other findings include the fact that the stability of staff in kindergartens most disturbs communication between the members of staff in kindergarten.


The present invention provides a rubber composition which is capable of improving fuel consumption saving performance, wet performance and wear resistance of tires, and which is characterized by containing a rubber component (A) that contains 55% by mass or more of a polybutadiene rubber, a thermoplastic resin (B) and a filler (C). This rubber composition is also characterized in that: the blending amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) is 5-40 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A); the tan δ at 0°C is 0.5 or less; and the difference between the tan δ at 30°C and the tan δ at 60°C is 0.070 or less.


Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise Modalities on Lipid profile, Metabolic syndrome score, lipid accumulation product,Visceral Fat Indexin women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 52 women with type 2 diabetes (aged 45-60 years old, HbA1c≥6.5%) were randomly divided into three groups:SIT (n =17) and combination (n =17) and control (n = 18). exercises were performed for 10 weeks. Lipid profile, metabolic syndrome score, VAI, and LAP were measured before and 10 weeks after exercise. T-test was used for intra-group comparisons and one-way ANOVA was used for between-group comparison. Results: Only levels of LDL (P=0.02) and cholesterol (P 0.05); there was a significant decrease in the cholesterol level in both groups (P=0.001). The scores of metabolic syndrome were significantly decreased in the SIT group (P<0.001), In the between groups outcomes, there was a significant change in (SIT and combination) and SIT and control (P<0.001). Significant changes were observed in the LAP (P=0.001) and VAI (P<0.001) in the SIT group and the combination group (P<0.001) and (P=0.002), The largest inter-group changes in SIT was observed for both indicators. Conclusion: Both exercises have had a positive effect on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, so for better results, longer duration exercises and more intensity are recommended.


In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of IR-selected main-sequence and starburst galaxies at z ∼ 1 − 1 . 7 at typical ∼ 1 (cid:48)(cid:48) resolution, we report on the e ff ects of mid-IR- and X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼ 30% of the sample. The presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN contribution to the total IR luminosity budget ( f AGN = L IR , AGN / L IR ), its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR ( S 1 . 2mm / S 24 µ m ) observed color, with evident consequences on the ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find only marginal e ff ects of the presence and strength of AGN on the carbon monoxide CO ( J = 2 , 4 , 5 , 7) or neutral carbon ([CI]( 3 P 1 − 3 P 0 ), [CI]( 3 P 2 − 3 P 1 )) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy distributions. The [CI] and CO emission up to J = 5 , 7 thus primarily traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies. However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the highest L IR , AGN / L IR , SFR ratios, (cid:38) 3, that are more luminous in CO(5 − 4) than what is predicted by the L (cid:48) CO(5 − 4) − L IR , SFR relation, which might be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our findings translate into AGN having minimal e ff ects on quantities such as gas and dust fractions and star formation e ffi ciencies. If anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8 times larger dust optical depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average star-forming AGN hosts with L IR > 5 × 10 11 L (cid:12) , typically underrepresented in surveys of quasars and submillimeter galaxies.


The present invention relates to composite material of plastic and plant fiber, and is especially plastic-lignifying board and its preparation process. The plastic-lignifying board is prepared with plastic 45-70 wt%, plant fiber 10-45 wt%, stuffing 3-10 wt%, foaming agent 1-2 wt% and assistant 3-15 wt%. The preparation process includes microwave dewatering and powdering plant fiber, crushing and drying plastic, mixing in high speed mixer, extruding and pelletizing in extruder, extruding in screw extruder to form, setting, cooling, drawing, coiling and cutting. The plant fiber has water content of 0.5 %, the material feeding temperature and the extrusion temperature are controlled in 100-250 deg.c, and the compression ratio of the screw extruder is 2-5. The present invention may be used to replace timber for various products.


A bike-sharing system called Barclays Cycle Hire Scheme has started its operation in central London since July 2010. This article outlines collected information on the large-scale bike-sharing system in the metropolitan city following Vélib' in Paris, including background, roles of relevant bodies (i.e. Transport for London, Serco plc. and Barclays plc.), demand estimation method, standards for site selection of docking stations, and current usage situations and problems. As for the situations of usage and operation, it shows: [1] the average number of usage is around 15,000-20,000 hires per day and far below the predicted and targeted level, [2] the considerable portion of hires are for commuting purpose during peak hours, which leads to the shortage of available bikes and docking points in some areas, [3] they have been coping with it by the improvement of bike redistribution practices and through the gradual installation of docking stations, and so on.


Computational mechanism design has become very popular among computer scientists. Lots of mechanism/protocol have been designed and proposed; however, virtually none of them has been widely used so far, including the more traditional Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism. One major reason why these new protocols have not been used to date is that people do not trust howwell a new protocol might perform in a real-world setting. In the real-world setting, there exist not only computational agents, but also real humans. To fill the gap between theory and the real world, we need to examine the performance of a new protocol when it is used among real humans and/or computational agents so that we can use the obtained knowledge to design a better protocol that can achieve desirable properties. In this paper, we focus on laboratory experimentation using real humans to observe how bidders will behave in an environment that includes both real humans and computational agents. This paper examines the performance of a multi-unit auction protocol, called the OPtion allocation (OP) protocol [3]. The protocol is the first non-trivial open ascendingprice auction protocol that generalizes the Ausubel auction [1] in terms of the types of value functions. Furthermore, we compare the OP with a uniform-price (UP) auction protocol, which is a representative conventional auction. Note that we examine the sealed-bid version of the UP and OP as the first step toward the analysis of open auctions in this paper. The experimental results lead to our proposing segmentation, which protocol a seller should adopt according to the aim of his business. Furthermore, we observe lots of overbidding behavior that makes the performance of our proto-


It is much harder to flip the spin of a proton by flipping a d-quark spin than by flipping a u-quark spin. This gives very strong flavor dependence which can be used in tests of QCD models. For example, the ratio of the spin-flip transitions sigma(..pi../sup -/p..-->..rho/sup -/p)/sigma(..pi../sup +/p..-->..rho/sup +/ p) is predicted to be 1 if the mechanism is flavor-independent gluon exchange, to be 16 if the mechanism is quark-antiquark annihilation and pair creation, and to be (1/16) if the mechanism is quark exchange.


Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the predisposition to different types of allopurinol-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; SJS-TEN, n = 13), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS, n = 10) and Maculopapular eruption (MPE; n = 7), conferred by HLA-B*58:01 in a Thai population. Methods: This case-control association study compares 30 patients with allopurinol-induced CADR, allopurinol-tolerant control patients (n = 100), and a Thai general population (n = 1095). Patients' human leukocyte antigen type B (HLA-B) alleles were genotyped by using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system. Results: Of a total 30 patients with CADR due to allopurinol, 29 (96.7%) patients were found to be at least heterozygous for HLA-B*58:01, compared to only 4.0% in allopurinol-tolerant patients (p < 0.001). Odds ratio (OR) for the association of HLA-B*58:01 with allopurinol-induced CADR in this population was 696.0 (95% CI: 74.8–6475.0). The HLA-B*58:01 allele was present in all patients with allopurinol-induced SJS-TEN (OR = 579.0, 95%CI: 29.5–11362.7, p < 0.001) and DRESS (OR 430.3, 95%CI: 22.6–8958.9, p < 0.001). Additionally, OR of HLA-B*58:01 was highly significant in the allopurinol-induced MPE patients (OR 144.0, 95%CI: 13.9–1497.0, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study we confirmed the association between HLAB*58:01 and allopurinol-induced SJS-TEN in a Thai population. In addition, we identified an association between HLA-B*58:01 and allopurinol-induced DRESS and MPE in this population. Therefore, HLA-B*58:01 can be used as a pharmacogenetic marker for allopurinol-induced CADR including SJS-TEN, DRESS and MPE. These results suggest that screening for HLA-B*58:01 alleles in patients who will be treated with allopurinol would be clinically helpful in preventing the risk of developing CARD in a Thai patients. Summary Regardless of phenotype, this is the first pharmacogenetic study of allopurinol-induced CADR in patients of Thai ancestry. In this study we confirmed the association between HLA-B*58:01 and allopurinol-induced SJS-TEN, DRESS, and MPE in Thai population. Regarding to our findings, the pharmacogenetic interpretation could be generalized to drug hypersensitivity including DRESS, SJS-TEN, and MPE.


SUMMARY As a consequence of variable traffic speeds, vehicles are excited by road profile processes having spectral densities differing from those known from the literature, although stationary in order two. This phenomenon has to be reckoned with primarily in the dynamic design of vehicles operating mostly in cities. A method has been presented for the numerical construction of distorted road profile spectra for variable travel speeds, using integral transformation methods, of use in the dynamic design of vehicles.


This research aims to explore the power using for tourism management in Khao Kho district, Phetchabun, to guidelines on energy conservation and use of renewable energy technologies suitable for tourism management and to make the community-energy management model for the proper management of tourism...


The influence of annealing after surface passivation on the properties of CdZnTe(CZT) was presented.At first,the polished CZT wafers were passivated by the hydrogen peroxide solution of 30% concentration.Then the wafers were annealed in a constant temperature furnace.Finally,the influence of annealing on electrical properties,surface composition and surface morphology of the CZT wafers was studied by using micro-current test instrument,energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The analysis showed that H2TeO3 and H6TeO6 on the surface were decomposed completely when the wafers were annealed for 40 min at 120 °C.Under these conditions,the distribution of oxide layers on the surface of wafers were more uniform,the surface leakage current was the lowest,and the resistivity of the crystal was heightened for 1-2 orders of magnitude.The results are of significance for the improvement of the properties of the detectors.


A complete corporation governance structure the an important ensurence to the sustainable development of private universities.Currently,most of corporation governance structure in private universities are nothing but an empty shell.There is still a great distance from the requirement listed in the "Law on the Promotion of Non-government Education in China" and its enactment articles.A perfect corporation governance structure is the practical choice to promote sustainable development of private universities.


This paper describes narrow-beam antenna pointing tests with a test system composed almost entirely of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. The antenna was an 8×8 electronically steerable array and front-end designed for 5G terrestrial networks at 30 GHz. The back-end was a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The USRP was connected to a dedicated processor for control and data logging. Antenna pointing direction was determined using a commercially available GPS/INS that operates as a computer peripheral. The receiver assembly was flown in a Twin Otter aircraft over several courses with different ranges and altitudes while receiving a test signal from a similarly configured ground transmitter. The receiver periodically scanned a fixed set of antenna beams and logged received signals. INS/GPS output were also logged. Post processing used channelized radiometers to non-coherently detect the narrow-band test signal and select the highest power beam for each scan. Scan results were compared with GPS/INS based direction estimates and found to be in good agreement whenever SNR exceeded 5 dB. The dominant source of error at high SNR was the relatively wide antenna beam-widths and coarse angular sampling grid.


Since Duncan(1956) first proposed an economic design of  -control charts, most of the succeeding works on economic design of control charts assumed the exponential failure model like Duncan. Hu(1984), however, assumed a more versatile Weibull failure model to develop an economic design of  -control charts and Banerjee and Rahim(1988) further improved Hu's design by changing the assumption of fixed-length sampling intervals to variable-length ones. In this article we follow the approach of Banerjee and Rahim(1988) but include a pair of warning limits inside the control limits in order to search for a failure without stopping the process when the sample mean falls between warning and control limits. The computational results indicate that the proposed model gives a lower cost than Banerjee and Rahim's model unless the early failure probability of a Weibull distribution is relatively large. The reduction in cost is shown to become larger as the cost of production loss outweighs the cost of searches for a failure.


Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from commercial awamori mashes from Okinawa and small-scale brewing in a laboratory. The commercial awamori mash and the awamori mash from small-scale brewing in a laboratory were fermented completely. The alcohol concentration of commercial awamori mash was 19.5% (vol/vol), and its acidity was 9.8 mL. The alcohol concentration in the awamori mash from small-scale brewing in a laboratory was 18.3% (vol/vol); its titratable acidity was 14 mL. At the first stage of fermentation, 106 CFU of lactic acid bacteria per g of mash was detected; 102 CFU of lactic acid bacteria per g of mash was detected at the midstage. At the final stage, lactic acid bacteria were not detected. The bacteria were identified using morphological and molecular biological methods as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei. They did not require mevalonic acid, were alcohol and low-pH tolerant, and were able to grow in awamori mash with high alcohol and citric acid contents. It is thought that these lactic acid bacteria were not contaminant bacteria of awamori mash, but that they might affect yeast growth, flavor formation, and alcohol production during fermentation of awamori mash.


Classification of heterogeneous precipitation fields for the assessment and possible improvement of lumped neural network models for streamflow forecasts N. Lauzon, F. Anctil, and C. W. Baxter Golder Associates, Calgary, Canada Département de génie civil, Pavillon Pouliot, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada HYDRANNT Consulting Inc., Port Coquitlam, Canada Received: 20 December 2005 – Accepted: 16 January 2006 – Published: 23 February 2006 Correspondence to: F. Anctil (email@example.com)


The invention discloses a method and a device for deleting files by a mobile terminal, wherein the mobile terminal comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a touch screen and an ADC (Analog Digital Converter) chip; eight analog data input pins of the ADC chip are connected with the touch screen respectively, while four digital data processing pins of the ADC chip are connected with the CPU respectively, wherein every two analog data input pins of the ADC chip are combined into a touch point. The method comprises the steps of: S1. placing four focused touch points on the preset positions of the mobile terminal; S2. receiving a command of performing diagonal touch of every two of the four touch points on the touch screen by a user; and S3. controlling the ADC chip to respond to the command by the CPU and performing the operation of deleting the file. The ADC chip is used for performing diagonal touch of every two of the four touch pints, so that quick deletion operation is realized; and especially, the user can perform large batch of deletion operations conveniently; and the action of drawing X conforms to the deletion thinking habit.


"W are all doubles... but at night... we meet our sleeper," wrote Tom Stoppard in his play "Hapgood" (1988). He was approaching a common theme, identity, and how we use disguises to change it. In literature, as in life, we turn the world into a carnival to address personal, social, and cultural objectives. In microbiology carnival de-structuring abounds within the living cells of organisms. And in art, identity and its mysteries and disguises have occupied many, who examine it from all angles, exposing its multifaceted and diverse nature. Maxfi eld Parrish takes a playful look at it in his own Masquerade, on this month's cover. "I don't know what people fi nd or like in me," Parrish once said. "I'm hopelessly commonplace."And although he might not have intended it this way, a modest and unassuming man, he had become ubiquitous in his lifetime. In 1925, one in four American households owned one of his prints. His wildly successful calendar of nature scenes alone sold more than a million copies. His box covers for Crane's Chocolates fl ew off the shelves. His massive murals, magazine covers, and book illustrations captured the imagination of the public. "As far as the sale of expensive reproductions is concerned, the three most popular artists in the world are Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, and Maxfi eld Parrish," asserted Time magazine in 1936. A native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Parrish knew none of the fi nancial hardships of the proverbial starving artist. His privileged family recognized and nurtured his talent from early childhood. They traveled to Europe for extended periods to broaden his art horizons and appreciation. In his native state he attended Swarthmore


The use of permanent magnets at field levels above 1 Tesla is facing two basic problems due to the characteristics of ferromagnetic materials and the limitations imposed by the magnetization of permanent magnets. Traditional magnet design with ferromagnetic yoke cannot be used because of saturation limits, and the remanence of modern rare earth magnetic alloys is limited to a 1.5 Tesla range.


PURPOSE: A compression method about a three-dimensional image, apparatus thereof, three-dimensional image display device, and system thereof are provided to reduce the capacity of three-dimensional image content by compressing image frames based on left-eye image frames or right-eye image frames. CONSTITUTION: A receiver(300) receives a three-dimensional image in which a first side image and a second side image are included. A separator(310) separates each image frame into first side image frames and second side image frames. A compressor(320) compresses one among the second side image frames with reference to one of first side image frames.


This work aims at assessing the temporal stability of soil water content in a small alpine basin located in POnte di Vizza (BL) in the Italian Dolomites. Soil moisture data were collected within two experimental hillslopes over three field campaigns carried out in summer 2005, 2006 and 2007.


The articl indicates the adventures and charocteristics in the course of development of economy in Ningxing town, analyzes the predominant problem which Ningxiang faced on in the course of developing economy, and gives some main ideals and countermeasures about how to develop the town economy, in order to push the economy in Ningxiang ahead further.


Objective To study the role of serum markers in diagnosing early liver cirrhosis.Methods Liver biopsy and serum fibrotic markers including hyaline acid (HA),collagen Ⅳ,laminin(LN),procollagen III peptide(PⅢP) were examined in 102 patients with chronic hepatitis type B.The role of these serum markers in diagnosing early cirrhosis was evaluated in comparison with histological standard.Results HA and collegan Ⅳ were increased with the aggravation of fibrotic degree,and the difference between S4 and S1 S3 groups was significant.The cut off value of HA and collagen Ⅳ by ROC analysis had the sensitivity and specificity of 70%-80% in diagnosing liver cirrhosis.Conclusion HA and collegan Ⅳ are useful in diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis.Combined examinations including discriminant analysis are no more valuable than any of these two serum markers.


Empirical research on the family cites the tendency for couples to relocate for husbands' careers as evidence against the gender-neutrality of household economic decisions. For these studies, occupational segregation is a concern because occupations are not random by sex and mobility is not random by occupation. I find the tendency for households to relocate for husbands' careers is better-explained by the segregation of women into geographically-dispersed occupations rather than by the direct prioritization of men's careers. Among never-married workers, women relocate for work less-often than men and the gender effect disappears after accounting for occupational segregation. While most two-earner families feature husbands in geographically-clustered jobs involving frequent relocation for work, families are no-less-likely 1 Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management, Work & Organizations Group. I thank Dan Fehder, Roberto Fernandez, Stephanie Hurder, Erin Kelly, George Lan, Colleen Manchester, Matt Marx, Paul Osterman, Gina Rumore, and workshop participants at MIT and the Minnesota Population Center. IWER Workshop participants, and MPC Workshop participants for helpful feedback. I also gratefully acknowledge support from the Minnesota Population Center (5R24HD041023). Replication materials are available upon request. The usual disclaimer applies. Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com. Re-Thinking the Two-Body Problem 2 to relocate for work when it belongs to the wife. I conclude future research in household mobility should treat occupational segregation occurring prior to marriage rather than gender bias within married couples as the primary explanation for the prioritization of husbands' careers in household mobility decisions.


Metaseiulus occidentalis is a representative of an important family of mites (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae) that are effective predators of pest mites in agricultural crops around the world. Like many arthropods, this mite contains multiple genomes, including the genomes of several microbial symbionts as well as its own mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. The mitochondrial genome is "mitey" large at 25 kb, due to duplication and triplication of genes. By contrast, the nuclear genome is "mitey" small at 88 Mb. This mite has a parahaploid genetic system, tolerates inbreeding, and has a haploid chromosome number of 3. This predator was genetically improved for use in agriculture by developing strains that lacked the ability to overwinter in diapause or were resistant to multiple pesticides, and can be genetically modified using recombinant DNA methods. Sequencing the nuclear genome would provide useful insights that could enhance genetic improvement programs that would result in improved pest management, could provide genes needed to resolve the evolutionary relationships of this family, and could serve as a model for understanding the evolution and genetics of chelicerate arthropod predators.


In this paper we suggest an original approach to conducting individual pair comparisons during group decision-making (including AHP/ANP-based decisions). Under this approach every expert is given an opportunity to use the scale, in which degree of detail (number of points) most adequately reflects this expert's competence in the issue under consideration. Before aggregation all separate expert estimates (judgments) are brought to a unified scale, and scales, in which these judgments were built, are assigned respective weights. A respective instrument for pair comparison conduction has been developed, and an experiment has been organized. The experiment statistically proves that as a result of suggested technology usage, there is an increase in degree of correspondence between estimates, input by an expert, and his (her) own notions on examination objects.


Industrial robots have been the driving force of the technological establishment of Japan, which has produced a wide variety of low-cost, high-quality products. In these days, because of an aging society where children are decreasing in number, robots are expected to be developed for supporting human daily life. However, few provide physical support or can directly provide human assistance. From these points of view, author focuses on developing the new robot technology for physically and directly supporting human movement in daily life. In this paper, a "muscle suit" for the upper body that will provide muscular support for the paralyzed or those otherwise unable to move unaided and a "active walker" by which a user can walk if he/she does not have any muscular power are introduced


Synthesis method of the compound of formula (I): ** ** Formula wherein the compound of formula (VIII): ** ** Formula is subjected to the action of N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of an organic solvent to obtain compound of formula (I).


The utilization of banana's tuber was considering the nutritional content of banana's tuber is quite high. This study aims to determine that glycemic index (GI) varieties of banana tuber given orally in rat. Banana tubers examined, among others, parasites banana ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum), kepok (Musa paradisiaca var. formatypica) and raja (Musa paradisiaca var. raja). Rats are grouped into 5 groups and each grup had 3 rats. The banana's tuber is given in the form of flour suspended into 0,1% NaCMC with a dose of 2,5g/kgBW, a positive control of glucose oral dose 2,5g/kgBW. Blood sampling of test animals at hour 0 (before administration of test or control compounds); 0,5;1 and 2 hours after administration of the test compounds. The blood serum is then determined glucose level using glucometer. The data in the blood glucose leve; of the test versus time animal were analyzed into Area Under Curve (AUC) glucose versus AUC (0-2 hours). The calculation of GI is done by comparing AUC (0-2 hours) of test compound to AUC (0-2 hours) glucose. The results showed that the three varieties of banana tuber had low GI values, were Ambon's banana's tuber had a glycemic index amount 32,5; Kepok's banana tuber had GI amount 25,5 and Raja's banana tuber had GI amount 45,6.


Abstract Dust pollution is a serious indoor health problem in domestic premises. Many households are using portable home air cleaners to remove indoor air pollutants. Ionizer type air cleaners are the most popular in the market and dust is one of the common airborne pollutants in indoors. The performance of dust removal efficiency of ionizer type air cleaners is an important domestic indoor air quality (IAQ) issue. There are various kinds of household dust produced. They have different impacts on occupants' health. This study focuses on the effect of different dust aerodynamic diameters (PM10 and PM2.5) and critically reviews the methods and parameters influencing the performance of an ionizer type domestic air cleaner for removing dust. The performance test was conducted in an airtight test chamber. The study was performed to develop a mathematical model to assess effectiveness of air cleaners. Experimental results were analyzed to determine whether the use of the air cleaners could significantly reduce dust pollution and the CADR of each air cleaner.


Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) is studied for ideal boson gases with a wide class of the dispersion relations. A criterion of the BEC, the transition temperature and a fraction of the condensate are calculated under the appropriate thermodynamic limits. The correspondence between the dispersion relation (spectrum) and the trap potential is shown. This gives the criterion for the trap shape and the dimensionality of the system.


Branding has always been an important aspect of marketing. Brand is a powerful differentiator in a highly competitive market place. It provides the company the power to deflect competitive moves. A strong brand rings trust, confidence, comfort and reliability in the customer's mind. Brands live in the minds of consumers and are much more than just a tag for their recognition and identification. They are the basis of consumer relationship and bring consumers and marketers closer by developing a bond of faith and trust between them. The promise of brand is consistent with reliable quality, service and overall psychological satisfaction.


A binary blend of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) of composition 70:30 by weight was prepared using a twin screw miniextruder and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy and sanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thernary 70:30:2 blends were also obtained by adding either a diblock copolymer of PLLA-PCL-PLLA copolymer as a third component. Optical microscopy revealed that the domain size of dispersed PCL domains is reduced by one order of magnitude in the presence of both copolymers. SEM confirmed the strong reduction in particle size upon the addition of the copolymers, with an indication of an enhanced emulsifying effect in the case of the PLLA-PEO copolymer. These results are analyzed on the basis of solubility parameters of the blend components.


The appearance of miniaturized single-photon detectors has enabled massively parallel conversion of photons to digital signals that can be readily processed and/or transported with negligible losses. As a consequence, a new class of imaging sensors is emerging, known collectively as all-digital image sensors, for detection and processing of ultra-fast and complex photonic events, often present in biomedical imaging systems. All-digital image sensors are fast and robust, often enabling unprecedented accuracy in a number of biomedical imaging modalities. This paper describes several all-digital image sensors for all-digital biomedical imaging designed to efficiently process large data volumes, so as to minimize power dissipation, improve flexibility, and shorten overall time-to-market. I. ALL-DIGITAL IMAGE SENSORS: THE SPAD The conversion of photons to digital signals can be achieved by way of single-photon detectors. Singleand multiphoton detection was first demonstrated in the 1930s, but it is only since 2003 that it can be achieved in standard CMOS technologies, with the integration of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in CMOS [1]. This breakthrough has paved the way to scalable all-digital image sensors for use in a number of biomedical imaging modalities, where photon counting and time stamping is needed. Examples include, for instance, (time-of-flight) positron emission tomography (TOFPET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) [2]. II. LARGE FORMAT SENSORS: SIPM TILES Recently, large format SPAD image sensors have emerged, featuring photon counting in pixel and accurate gating over a large array. These sensors are revolutionizing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), super-resolution microscopy, and other biomedical diagnostics techniques [3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8]. Large format sensors have many embodiments, whereas in some the pixels are small, made of a single SPAD [7],[8], while in others the pixels are large made of a large number of SPADs. The latter are generally known as silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) or multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) [9],[10]. Several architectures exist for SiPMs: in analog SiPMs, for instance, the SPAD anodes (or cathodes) are summed in current through a quenching resistance, so as to achieve an overall current proportional to the number of detected photons [9]. In digital SiPMs the SPAD's digital outputs are ORed through a logic gate [10]. In the all-digital image sensor field, multi-channel digital SiPMs [11] and other high granularity SiPMs [12] represent a fusion of SPAD image sensors and SiPMs, thanks to the increased number of pixels, whereas each pixel retains the properties of SiPMs, while enabling one to compute a very large number of timestamps in single multi-photon bundles or showers. This is especially useful whenever detailed statistics of complex photonic events are required, such as in the case of scintillation at the core of PET image reconstruction [13],[14]. Photon statistics provided by SPAD image sensors and SiPMs can enhance the resolution of a medical image both in 2D and 3D, thanks to the increased accuracy of the reconstruction, which in turn is directly related to the timing accuracy of the photonic event. III. ALL-DIGITAL BIOMEDICAL IMAGING Recent developments in SPAD image sensors and SiPMs focus on maximizing fill factor, minimizing crosstalk, and achieving high readout data rates, the enabling technologies being optical and electrical photon concentration, backsideillumination, and 3D integration. In an all-digital biomedical imaging paradigm, SPAD image sensors and SiPMs generate a tremendous amount of data that is usually handled by processors and/or fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), however, this implies chip-to-chip data rates of Gbps to Tbps. Thus, in situ processing is achieved by 3D integration, where SPAD image sensors/SiPMs and processors are on separate chips [15],[16].


Event synopsis: Taking as a starting point Dominick LaCapra and Roger Luckhurst's respective critiques of the traumatic foundations of identity and 'traumaculture', this lecture will explore the intersection between psychological trauma and identity in the work of Jeanette Winterson (b. 1959). In 2005 Winterson wrote two art reviews on the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo (1907-1954). The combination of topics that emerges here—celebrity status, autobiography and the psychological consequences of a body in pain—seems to reflect Winterson's outlook on being a female artist in the twenty-first century. For Winterson, the patriarchal label of autobiography is closely related to the cult of celebrity, focusing on personal, preferably traumatic, facts rather than on women's artistic achievements. However, Winterson's substitute term 'authenticity' is problematic: in its narrow referentiality it cancels out the important work done by feminist autobiography criticism in the 1980s and 1990s regarding the liberating potential of blurring the boundaries between fact and fiction. The lecture will look at Winterson's fictional work to see how this compares with the critical notions located in her non-fictional writing. Trauma seems to have become an integral part of her characters' identities – and, one might argue, of Winterson's own identity as a writer.


The Conclusion considers the meaning of Jewish primitivism in light of the catastrophic destruction of Jewish life in Europe during the First World War and its decimation in the Holocaust. Through a reading of two short texts by the Czech-German-Jewish journalist Egon Erwin Kisch, I show how Kisch exposes the limits of Jewish primitivism as a constructive critical force, compromised by capitalism, by extremist political ideologies, and by violent death. In these stories – one about a search for the Golem of Prague, the other about a search for "Indian Jews" in Mexico – Kisch's primitivism catalyzes a sense of solidarity with the presumed primitive. It is a solidarity born of the common experience of violence and traumatic loss, but it generates a melancholic humanism that was the end of an aesthetic that, after the Holocaust, no longer had the same meaning.


The microbial community inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by its high population density, wide diversity and complexity of interactions. All major groups of microbes are represented in the rumen. Bacteria are predominant but a variety of ciliate protozoa are also present. Anaerobic fungi are widely distributed, becoming more numerous and more obvious in defaunated animals. in


The focus of the research starts from a critical investigation of the environmental situation in Lombardy in the 1990s, linked to waste disposal and the related legislation produced by the Regional Council with the approval of the Regional Law of 1 July 1993, to analyse its evolution through the example of the construction of the waste-to-energy plant1 in Dalmine (Bergamo). The growing local urban socio-economic complexity, combined with the urgent global environmental problems produced by the ongoing ecological transition, called "Anthropocene", makes us reflect whether the Dalmine plant can actually be a model of sustainable development, i.e. capable of harmonizing economic growth with the balance of the territory and the current social dynamics.


In order to clarify the effects of the growth stage and the temperature on the upward growth of orchardgrass and Ladino clover in summer, the tests were attempted on the two species grown separately in each own sward. The test results are summarilzed as follows: 1) The tiller number per square meter of orchardgrass was larger in spring, while smaller in summer. In spring, 70 to 90 per cent of all tillers were at the reproductive stage, while in summer, most of the tillers were at the vegetative stage. 2) Smallness in the tiller number in summer can be ascribed to the follwing two reasons: -(1): most of the tillers observed in spring have died out after heading by late June. (2): the tillering rate was lower in summer. 3) The plant height of tillers at the reproductive stage in spring was approximately twice as high as that at the vegetative stage in summer, while the plant height of the tillers at the vegitative stage showed almost no difference between spring and summer. 4) Judging from the facts stated in l), 2) and 3), it is concluded that the decrease in the upward growth rate of orchardgrass in summer can be ascribed to the fact that the tillers at the reprodutive stage have been replaced, by early summer, by the tillers which put forth at the vegetative stage. 5) The petiole length of Ladino clover was not related with the growth stage. With regard to the effect of the growth stage, it can be said that the flower buds which reached a peak of the formation in June-July months suppressed the formation of branches in the same season, thus resulting in the decrease in the stolon number per square meter in summer. 6) The petiole length was related with temperature. It has become longer according to the rise in summer temperature. 7) Judging from the facts stated in 5 and 6, it is concluded that the increase in upward growth rate of Ladino clover in summer can be ascribed chiefly to the high temperature in summer.


Because the synthetic N-formyl peptides are similar in structure to products of bacterial metabolism, they may act similarly in providing signals of bacterial infection to phagocytic cells. With this in mind, we attempted to find out if N-formyl peptides increased Fc receptor activity in guinea pig alveolar macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, and neutrophils. N-formyl- methionyl-phenylalanine (FMP) and N-formyl-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) increased alveolar macrophage Fc receptor activity by 40 to 100%. The maximal increase in alveolar macrophage Fc receptor activity occurred after 2 h of in vitro incubation with 10 -6 M FMP. The increase in Fc receptor activity was blocked by cytochalasin B but not by colchicine, and did not appear to be related to morphologic alterations that were also induced by FMP. There was a similar increase in Fc receptor activity in peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils after in vitro exposure to FMP. For neutrophils, the increase was greatest after a 1-h incubati...


Homogeneity region of s-ZnSe with sphalerite structure was studied under S ZnSe-L (Se)-V equilibrium conditions withn 767-1103 K temperature range by cooling technique with further determination of nonstoichiometry by "extraction" technique. It was found out that s-ZnSe homogeneity region has the retrograde solubility of both Zn and Se components. It was demonstrated that the photoluminescence spectra measured at room temperature make it possible to identify crystalline preparations of undoped s-ZnSe with stoichiometric composition.


Sima Qian paid attention earnestly to his written people who established their reputation in the world to realize their individual value in the reality.He provided them with the individuality style,the personality strength and the life value so that they could make widely known the ideal sail time and time again,unceasing to superego and realizes themselves,pulling out the individual value of the highest life.Sima Qian made "Shiii" everywhere permeated with pursuit of individuality consciousness and publicity.


Many residents in psychiatry may go through training never having to make a diagnosis of catatonia, even though they may have to make a diagnosis of catatonic excitement in schizophrenia or a mood disorder with catatonic features. Catatonia due to a general medical condition is less likely to be diagnosed by the psychiatrist. Catatonia was described as far back as 1874 by Karl Kahlbaum, who viewed it as a disorder that went through different phases and ended in dementia. Hence, it was seen as an organic mental disorder. The word is derived from the Greek "to stretch tightly" and the associated catalepsy is also from the Greek, which means "a seizure of body and soul." The symptoms varied, but mutism, negativism, and waxy flexibility with decreased sensitivity to pain were highlighted. It was Kraepelin and Bleuler who introduced catatonia as a subtype of schizophrenia. They moved away from the organic basis and saw the disorder as psychological blocking. This thinking is represented in DSM-IV. It is now accepted that catatonia could be part of an organic state and other psychiatric disorders. Consequently, neurologists are now aware that they may have to treat this disorder. Many of them see the stupor of catatonia as bordering on coma, whereas psychiatrists tend to view the stupor as a relative preservation of consciousness. A simple definition of catatonia is an abnormal mental state associated with the cataleptic phenomena of akinesia, posturing, and mutism. The psychiatrists who were called on to treat the patient in the case study reported by Bostwick and Chozinski in this issue of the Journal would have acted differently in 1963 and still more differently in 1988, 25 years later. In 1963, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) would have been in use for 25 years. During that period, acute catatonic schizophrenia seemed more prevalent, and ECT would have been the logical treatment procedure. In that same era, the clinician might have taken a chance and initiated a treatment thought to be appropriate without having the patient's full consent. In 1988, 25 years later, with the new antipsychotic and anxiolytic drugs available, the clinician might have seen this as an opportunity to avoid ECT. In this case, the psychiatrists used pharmacotherapy to restore mental capacity and then moved on to use ECT. This is indeed a special combination of two treatment modalities, and each modality was predominant at different eras in psychiatry. One notes from the onset that the psychiatrists were on active military duty, as was the patient, who had no relative available. The psychiatrists must be complemented for quickly finding a method to draw this patient out of catatonia. Catatonia is primarily a state of mutism and stupor, and effective communication is impossible. It is viewed more as a feature of the two major psychotic disorders: Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders. Classic catatonic schizophrenia with waxy flexibility and posturing is now seen less frequently. In the rural areas of some less-developed countries, this presentation continued longer, presumably because of cultural factors. Demon possession has been used as an explanation for that state, and in these cases, such persons were neglected rather than given active medical care. Dr. Mahy is Deputy Director, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados. Address correspondence to: George Mahy, FRCPsych, Head, Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados, West Indies. E-mail: email@example.com


This study examined the function and effectiveness of certain behaviors in regulating negative arousal in 5- and 10-month-old infants. Infants participated in an arm restraint procedure at 5 months (N=87) and a toy removal task at 10 months (N=82). Negative reactivity and regulatory behaviors ― avoidance, orienting, self-comforting, and communicative behaviors (10-month only) ― were coded and sectioned into 10-s epochs. Results showed that self-comforting behaviors were preferred at both 5 and 10 months of age. A comparison of changes in negative reactivity across every 2 consecutive 10-s epochs (decreasers vs. increasers vs. no change) revealed self-conforting behaviors to be exhibited most often during periods of decreasing negative arousal. Orienting behaviors also appeared to serve a regulatory function but in a more limited way. Finally, under these circumstances, avoidance and communicative behaviors were exhibited most often during increasing distress


THE EFFECTS ON SMALL MAMMAL ABUNDANCE AFTER A WILDFIRE IN THE WARNER MOUNTAINS by Jesse Rose West From June to August, 2001, a large fire, known as the Blue Fire, burned 34,425 acres in the Warner Mountains (USDA 2003), Modoc National Forest, Modoc County, California. The Blue Fire caused a major disturbance to the structure of the native flora and fauna (USDA 2003). Patterns of both mammalian and vegetation succession after a fire have been of particular interest to biologists for many years. The aim of this study was to address whether small mammal abundance is different in heavily burned areas versus lightly burned areas within the Warner Mountain Range three years after a fire. During the summer of 2004 rodents were trapped in three different sites, each made up of a heavily burned quadrat and a lightly burned quadrat, which spanned a section of the Blue Fire. Results showed that the abundance of deer mice is not significantly different in the heavily burned areas versus the lightly burned areas where severity of burn is defined by difference in tree canopy only. Deer mice appear to be good invaders of newly modified habitat regardless of the amount of change. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. John O. Matson, for his hard work, dedication, and patience. Throughout my thesis, he provided encouragement, sound advice, good teaching, good company, and many good ideas. I would have been lost without him. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Sulekha Anand and Dr. Rodney Myatt, for their expert guidance and patience. I am especially grateful to my husband, Daniel Sommerville, and dear friend, Jenna Patton, for their extensive help throughout this entire project. I would not have succeeded without their support. In addition, I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance in the field: Christopher Buecher, Jennifer Giordano, Stephanie MacDonald, Dr. John O. Matson, Dr. Rodney Myatt, Melissa Scheele, and Daniel Sommerville.


Two different compensation mechanisms are shown to be responsible for the carrier removal observed after boron implantation in n‐type GaAs: (i) Compensation due to complex lattice defects corresponding to implantation damage and which mainly give rise to two narrow bands in the band gap centered at Ec−0.55 eV and Ev+0.70 eV. These defects and the related compensation vanish after annealing for half an hour at temperatures between 350 and 550 °C by exodiffusion. (ii) Compensation due to chemical effects which consists in the formation of complexes between impurities already present in the wafer and the created defects or the boron atoms themselves. These complexes, which are not observed to exodiffuse, are stable at much higher temperatures, up to around 800 °C. It is shown that these complexes do not generate deep levels. Furthermore, it is established that a boron implantation at relatively high dose (1014 at cm−2) followed by an annealing at 860 °C, leads to a depletion of both the electrically active C...


Covered smut of barley (Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Kell, and Sw.) in the United States has long been recognized as an important hazard in the culture of barley (Hordeum vulgäre L.). In the years from 1918 to 1935 for which records are available,^ its estimated toll averaged over 2% million bushels annually, and twice during these years the estimated annual loss exceeded 5 million bushels. Despite recent notable advances in the control of barley covered smut through seed treatment, as shown by Leukel (10),^ relatively little progress has been made in combating the disease through selecting and breeding barleys having inherent resistance to various physiologic races in the smut species. Until recently, progress in this direction had been almost completely blocked by the lack of an effective and easily apphed method of artificial inoculation of the seed for producing high percentages of smutted plants. Despite the general belief of long standing that barley is inoculated, in threshing, by the spread of the spores to the surface of the seed, the artificial blackening of seed with millions of spores usually has failed to result in high percentages of smutted plants. Jensen (9) first reported this difliculty nearly 50 years ago. In 1934, the writer (15) devised a spore-suspension method of inoculating seed barley in which spores are washed beneath the hulls. The method is similar in principle to Haarring's (5) ''evacuation'' method of inoculating oats with smut, but it employs no vacuum or nutrient solution. The spore-suspension method is effective, fairly easy to apply, and approaches the natural method of inoculation as recently reported (17), The way thus was opened for the studies on physiologic races presented herein.


Abstract A physically motivated statistical model is used to diagnose variability and trends in wintertime (October–March) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) pentad (5-day mean) precipitation. Quasigeostrophic theory suggests that extratropical precipitation amounts should depend multiplicatively on the pressure gradient, saturation specific humidity, and the meridional temperature gradient. This physical insight has been used to guide the development of a suitable statistical model for precipitation using a mixture of generalized linear models: a logistic model for the binary occurrence of precipitation and a Gamma distribution model for the wet day precipitation amount. The statistical model allows for the investigation of the role of each factor in determining variations and long-term trends. Saturation specific humidity qs has a generally negative effect on global precipitation occurrence and with the tropical wet pentad precipitation amount, but has a positive relationship with the penta...


Background: Choroidal fissure cysts are benign, asymptomatic, and discovered incidentally. CSF containing cysts at the level of the choroidal fissure are usually present with vague symptoms like a complex type of headache, cognitive disorder, tremor, paraesthesia, and visual disturbance. Here is a case report of a 33-yearold non-diabetic, non-smoker gentleman who had an insidious onset of loss of sensation over the left half of the face for the last 3 years which was secondary to a small choroidal fissure cyst diagnosed in MRI brain.


Magnetic resonance imaging is now established as the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of a range of diseases. In cardiology, the technique's high spatial and temporal resolution makes it possible to quantify and characterize anatomical structures with great precision. Consequently, it has played a key role in evaluating the results of translational research. This article contains a review of the application of magnetic resonance imaging in animal models, from the smallest species to the animal used most frequently in cardiovascular translational research - the pig. The different contrast media available are discussed, and a systematic guide to the cardiac studies that give the best anatomical and physiological results is presented.


ABSTRACT Purpose To report a rare case of a 16-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia developing severe widespread ocular infiltration during chemotherapy intermission. Methods Case report. Results A 16-year-old girl diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (M5) developed blurred vision in both eyes 1 week after the second course of chemotherapy. Ocular examinations revealed severe iris involvement in both eyes and choroid infiltration in the right eye. Visual acuity improved and ocular infiltration resolved after the third cycle of chemotherapy and local radiation treatment, with serous retinal detachment remaining in the right eye. Conclusion Severe extramedullary relapse in the eye might occur during chemotherapy intermission.


Hebei Inspection and Quarantine Bureau on-site enforcement management system uses a set of CIQ 2000 management system,makes full use of the CIQ 2000 system data information to build the inspection and quarantine operations,like the inspection,certification,supervision,supervision and inspection,business analysis and online viewing and online operation and management platform.Taking the system as the research object,the design of man-machine interface was discussed.


In the information's times,Economic organization has been faced with the challenge which of system's arrangement is more compiles and diversify than the arrangement of modern enterprise's institution.network organization which is situated been market and enable enterprises reducing the transaction's of setting resources.Network organization adapt itself to the circumstances of modern market and of modern technology's development ,which has manifold expression's The main expression's forms of network organization include strategic networks,sub-contracting,Virtual organization and Enterprise clusters,among which it esists reaction's relationships.


The microstructural evolution behavior of Mg-3Si-1.70Sn alloys during semisolid isothermal heat treatment was investigated by optical microscopy observations in the present study. With the holding time increasing, the grains evolve to be more spheroidal and 15min is adequate for the alloy to be spheroidized, after this coarsening begins to happen. The amount of the liquid islands inside α-Mg grains decreases and that of the liquid phase at the grain boundaries increases with the prolonged holding time. Moreover, the morphology of eutectic Mg2Si phases changes from the Chinese script and/or long-fiber shape to short fiber or spherical shapes during semisolid isothermal heat treatment, which can be attributed to the Rayleigh shape instability.


sTUTTerinG more frequent in English than Mandarin, although Wen Ling's English vocabulary was limited compared to her Mandarin. Wen Ling's stuttering behaviours were mainly syllable repetitions and blocks in both languages. She also manifested a high frequency of audible inhalations, which were judged by three stuttering specialists to be stuttering behaviours due to the high frequency of occurrence and the disruption they caused to her flow of speech. Overall, the treating clinician3 judged Wen Ling's stuttering as moderate to severe.


In the present study, dynamic response characteristics of a massive structure with a rigid foundation partially embedded in an elastic half space were examined by using the 3-dimensional boundary element method. Analyses were carried out for various contact conditions of the side walls of the embedded foundation. Results obtained in this study indicate that when 3 side walls of the embedded foundation are welded to the surrounding soil, dynamic response of the foundation is almost similar to that of the fully contacted foundation. It is also true when the embedment depth of the foundation is smaller, effects of contact condition of side walls become relatively small.


Translation criticism is a hot topic all the time,as many scholars often criticize others' translation from their own perspectives,and also often focus on the standard of "right or wrong" and "faithfulness or not".After the turn of translation studies from "prescriptive" to "descriptive",translation criticism also should be descriptive,that is,it is to objectively describe translation activities and the reasons behind them,and then dialectically and historically criticize and analyze any translation action and activities.In this paper,based on the subjectivity of translators,uncertainty of meaning of texts,diversity of interpretation of texts,it is to criticize an adverting translation from equivalence theory,perspective of functions and readers' reception by way of literature review,corpus investigation and comparison.After these discussion,it is easy to find that it is hard to give a prescriptive judgement for the translation.Therefore,in the paper based on the analysis and improvement in "Holmes' Map",it is concluded that in translation criticism,it is necessary to descriptively criticize translated texts and translation activities with the model of descriptive translation criticism,which will enrich translation studies and translation criticism.


OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the level of depression among elderly people.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of laughter therapy on depression among elderly people.
3. To findout the association between pre-test level of depression among elderly people with their selected demographic variables.
METHODS:
The research approaches adopted for this study was quantitative approach, the research design adopted for this study was quasi-experimental (pre-experimental design) one group pretest and post test design.
RESULT:
The maximum numbers of elderly people, 54% were in age group of 60 to 70 years
The proporation of 50 elderly people, 56% was females.
The proporation of 50 elderly peoples, 74% was married.
The proporation of 50 elderly people, 72% were uneducated.
The major findings of the study showed that the pretest mean score (21.78) 73.33% and post test mean score was (15.82) 53.33%.
The pretest depression score was no depression 0%, mild depression 32%, moderate and severe depression 68%. It was higher than the posttest score. Whereas, the post test score was no depression 12%, mild depression was 66% moderate and severe depression was 22%.
It revealed that laughter therapy was found to be effective in reducing the depression among elderly people.
The findings of the study showed that there is significant association between the level of depression and demographic variables (age) at p <0.05 level.
There is no association among found between the level of depression and demographic variables sex, marital status, educational status, health status and number of children of elderly people at p > 0.05 level.
CONCLUSION:
The laughter therapy was effective in reducing depression among elderly people the study revealed that the level of depression score was high in pretest. After laughter therapy the post test score was reduced.


This report evaluates the effectiveness of low-salinity flooding in the Minnelusa Formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. The Minnelusa sandstone play constitutes a resource of several hundred fields with cumulative production of more than 600,000,000 barrels of oil. Currently there are 130 Minnelusa fields that are in active waterflood. Fifty-five are flooded with low-salinity water, 52 with mixed salinity water and 23 with formation brine. Recovery factors for 51 fields were compiled and used as the primary metric to evaluate the effectiveness of low-salinity waterflooding. A second metric used was normalized production versus % oil cut, which is independent of recovery factor. Neither metrics showed any increased production for the fields that used low-salinity injection compared to fields flooded with reservoir brine or mixed water. In the field cases studied, the low-salinity injection water was derived from wells in the shallow Lance and Fox Hills Formations, which have an average salinity of 2100 ppm, while the Minnelusa fields had initial formation water salinity ranging from 1134 to 261,000 ppm. Some fields studied did not have sufficient salinity reduction because injected salinity was very similar to formation water salinity. In other cases where there was sufficient dilution there was still no increase in oil production. Dilution factor was expressed as salinity ratio to allow direct comparison of all fields. Regardless of dilution, there was no apparent trend of increasing recovery with lower salinity injection.


InSpite of a continued gradual increase of American-Soviet contacts, the official Soviet image of the United States in 1959 was shaped, as before, largely by a combination of preconcert tion and contrivance. The massive Soviet machinery of communication continued to present to the peoples of the Soviet Union a picture of America based less on empirical judgment than on the application to changing circumstances of unchanging attitudes. As in the past, the Kremlin's image of America and of the West in general appeared to be as much an instrument for the manipulation of foreign and Soviet public opinion as it was a reflection of Moscow's appraisal of international political forces. The official doctrine of irreconcilable struggle between Soviet "socialism" and Western "capitalism" held undiminished significance for the rationalization and legitimization of Kremlin power and policy.


Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a large‐scale, buoyancy‐driven, offshore flow of terrestrial groundwater. If SGD occurs within the permafrost‐bearing sediments of the circum‐Arctic shelf, such fluid circulation may transport large amounts of dissolved methane to the circum‐Arctic shelf, aiding the formation of permafrost‐associated gas hydrate. We investigate the feasibility of this new permafrost‐associated gas hydrate formation mechanism with a 2‐D, multiphase fluid flow model, using the Canadian Beaufort Shelf as an example. The numerical model includes freeze/thaw permafrost processes and predicts the unsteady, 2‐D methane solubility field for hydrate inventory calculations. Model results show that widespread, low‐saturation hydrate deposits accumulate within and below submarine permafrost, even if offshore‐flowing groundwater is undersaturated in methane gas. While intrapermafrost hydrate inventory varies widely depending on permafrost extent, subpermafrost hydrate stability remains largely intact across consecutive glacial cycles, allowing widespread subpermafrost accumulation over time. Methane gas escape to the sediment surface (atmosphere) is predicted along the seaward permafrost boundary during the early to middle years of each glacial epoch; however, if free gas is trapped within the forming permafrost layer instead, venting may be delayed until ocean transgression deepens the permafrost table during interglacial periods, and may be related to the spatial distribution of observed pingo‐like features (PLFs) on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Shallow, gas‐charged sediments are predicted above the gas hydrate stability zone at the midshelf to shelf edge and the upper slope, where a gap in hydrate stability allows free gas to accumulate and numerous PLFs have been observed.