High rates of preventable diseases such as pneumococcal disease occur among the Navajodespite their universal health insurance through the Indian Health Service. The objective of thisstudy was to determine the proportion of Navajo adults vaccinated with pneumococcalpolysaccharide vaccine and to examine key features of vaccination programs of the NavajoIndian Health Service. For this cross-sectional study, medical charts of Navajo patients withvaccine indications were randomly selected and reviewed to determine who had been vaccinatedas of January 1, 1999. Among 480 Navajo > 65 years old, 73% were vaccinated (95%confidence interval [CI]: 69%-77%). Among 111 Navajo 18-64 years old with vaccineindications, 54% were vaccinated (95%CI: 45%-63%). Vaccination programs utilized extensivepublic health nursing, home visits, standing orders, and "express lane" clinics. In spite ofexcellent delivery systems and universal healthcare, the proportion of Navajo persons vaccinatedwas still below the goals for Healthy People 2010 of having 90% of persons >65 years oldvaccinated and 60% of high-risk persons 18-64 years old vaccinated.


Emotion is expressed through multiple physiological channels including voice, facial expression, body movements, autonomic responses and subjective experience. Facial and bodily expressions of emotion can be recognized cross-culturally, suggesting a biological component (Ekman, 1971; Hejmadi, 2000). Although emotions have been recognized in individuals during walking, emotion-related gait characteristics have been described only qualitatively, e.g., "heavy-footed" for angry gait (Montepare, 1987). Such qualitative descriptions limit understanding of the biological phenomena underlying bodily expression of emotion. The effects of emotions on gait have not yet been described quantitatively.


Soft-tissue angiomatosis is counter as a rare condition characterized by diffuse proliferation of benign vascular structures, together with mature adipose tissue. Many of the time it presents in childhood or adolescence of the patient. Mainly surgical treatment is done and it shows local recurrence in common. We present and report a rare case of large soft-tissue angiomatosis which is located in the right index finger of a 36-year-old man, which showed extensive infiltration of soft tissue, and embracement of vascular and neural bundles of right index finger. The features of the lesion made complete surgical excision impossible and best treatment considered for this was amputation of the index finger.


As we aged the brain tissue undergoing degeneration that includes nerve cells and synapses. Progressive nerve cells deterioration occurs due to a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as stochastic or randomized events, genetic profile and environmental factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol) and life style (e.g. physical inactivity, unchallenged cognitive stimuli). Aging brain often creates temporary and permanent impairment, functional disability and personality changes which can vary greatly in severity and progressively [1]. Traumatic/pathological events such as Stroke, Parkinson and Alzheimer can cause harm and deficiency to various parts of the brain responsible for motor control (poor balance, lacks coordinative movements) speech and language (aphasia), thinking (confusion, puzzlement), learning, mental fatigue, attention, judgment, problem solving (agnosis, apraxia), sleeping, eating, mood (e.g., melancholy, depression) and behavioral changes (e.g., stress, anxiety, fear, loneliness/isolation) [2].


D islocation of the patella has been long recognized, although recurrent dislocation more recently so. Hippocrates appears not to have mentioned recurrent dislocations [10, 11]. A number of mid-19th century surgeons described patellar dislocation [2, 7, 15], but not those that were recurrent. Goldthwait [6], in 1896, briefly described one patient with long-standing bilateral recurrent dislocation in whom he performed lateral release and medial reefing. The minutes of a meeting of the orthopaedic subsection of the Royal College of Medicine in discussion, held in March 1921, noted that Bristow briefly mentioned a procedure in which the tibial tubercle was transplanted medially [1]. ''He would suggest that transplantation of the tubercle with the tendon attached was a better procedure than transplanting the tendon alone, the union of bone to bone being better able to combat strain.'' Hauser reviewed six types of procedures used by various authors to treat recurrent dislocation of the patella, then provided a detailed description of his procedure to transfer the tibial tubercle medially [8, 9]. He appeared to have been unaware of the brief note of the earlier suggestion by Bristow. In the first edition of his classic textbook, Campbell detailed many varieties of operations and their variations [3]. Clearly, the recurrent dislocation was well recognized by the 1930s with a profusion of surgical alternatives. Jones and his colleagues [12], in 1961, reported the findings in patients with an average of 11.5 years followup (up to 15 years). At this time, such longer-term followup studies were relatively infrequent in orthopaedic surgery. Few authors provided more than qualitative observations, and those that did typically developed their own categorical rating system (see Table 6 for that of Jones et al. [12]). (These physician-generated categorical ratings have been largely abandoned


Effects of additing 1 percent (w/o) palladium (Pd) on the thermal behavior of a lathe cut type high copper amalgam (13 w/o copper) were studied. The identical alloys, with and without 1% Pd were fabricated. X-ray diffraction studies of the amalgams revealed the elimination of the γ 2 -phase by Pd addition DSC thermogram of non-Pd containing amalgam indicated the existence of two γ 1 -phaseone with the transition temperature (endothermic peak) at 88 ◦ C and the other at 109 ◦ C. The thermogram data of the Pd containing amalgam showed an endothermic peak at 110.7 ◦ C. The transition temperature of the n phase of the palladium containing amalgam is 4.9 ◦ C lower than the transition temperature of the n phase of the non Pd containing amalgam. This result indicates that the n phase of the Pd containing amalgam includes more of Tin (Sn) than the non-Pd containing amalgam. The thermogravimetri diagram showed that the phase decomposition occurred at about 390 ◦ C for the non-Pd containing amalgam and at about 410 ◦ C for the Pd containing amalgam. It is concluded that the addition of 1% Pd into a lathe cut type of high copper amalgam (13%) could eliminate the formation of γ 2 phase as well as an unstable γ 1 phase, promoting strong mercury bonding to Silver.


This project approach the documentation of the quality management system for Bienes y finanzas servicios integrales S.A.S comprehensive services located in the city of Armenia. The process of documentation , began with the diagnostic to determine responsiveness to the management system based on the 6001 NTC management model for micro and small enterprises , the which was conducted by the Advisor to the Mayor of Armenia, Luz Adriana Linares to oversee the "business strengthening project ICONTEC NTC 6001-2008" organized by the Department of Economic Development, promoting business development in the city of Armenia, from the researchers conducted this diagnosis
analysis showed that the need to implement this rule and initiated document management. At the strategic level project was an improvement to the mission, vision and established policy , quality objectives , schedule, organizational strategies , the process map and the array of legal and regulatory requirements in order to ensure the suitable addressing each of the members of the company. On a mission was built around the supporting documentation based on the requirements of the standard in each of the value chain processes to strengthen customer services and ensure consistent, quality results. At the level of support for business processes, documentation was prepared based on the requirements of the standard and the need to support each service provided by goods and
finance, allowing the internal activities are functional and guarantee quality results service. Finally the collection of information processing food of the relevant documents, was
obtained through the manager , who was the link with key people who knew processes the normal development of the activities which were subsequently normalized characterizations , procedures , instructions, forms and records which are the result of the project.


The recent discovery of low-angle faults known as detachments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge requires a major reevaluation of how the oceanic crust forms at slow spreading ridges. Detachment faults can expose large areas of plutonic and ultramafic rocks on the seafloor, without an overlying volcanic carapace. They could profoundly influence the thermal structure, rheology, composition, and style of magmatic accretion at ridges. Oceanic detachments have many parallels with continental detachment faults, with the added advantage that the morphology of the fault surface is pristine, unaffected by subareal erosion.


To the Editor.— In their report of a case of neuroblastoma in father and son, Arenson et al (235:727, 1976) suggest that the incidence of familial neuroblastoma may be greater than that observed to date, one reason being that the tumor may regress spontaneously or mature to a more benign lesion, particularly in infants. It is only relatively recently that the significance of familial cases of the embryonal tumors has begun to be appreciated. Many of these cases may well have gone unreported in the past. In a recent retrospective survey of children seen at this hospital with neuroblastoma, 1 a further case was found involving mother and son. Report of a Case.— A 3-year-old boy had an abdominal mass that was found during a routine examination. An intravenous pyelogram demonstrated a calcified mass displacing the right kidney downwards. The vanillylmandelic acid level was 31.5 mg/24 hours. There was roentgenographic evidence


A nascent ethanol industry has developed in China, and government-imposed ethanol mandates are in the process of expanding from five test cities to a significant number of provinces. Unlike other countries that have developed meaningful ethanol industries, which tend to be surplus producers of key feedstocks, China is only a marginally self-sufficient grain producer. It is unlikely that China will move to a strong surplus grain production situation in the foreseeable future. As a result, the continued expansion of the Chinese ethanol industry could have ramifications for the global feed grain market.


Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are very common presenting complaints in urology practice and is a main cause affecting the quality of life. LUTS are characterized by storage symptoms and voiding symptoms, including urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, intermittency, hesitancy, incomplete voiding, poor stream and terminal dribbling. In males LUTS typically occurs due to bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. In women LUTS usually occur due to overactive bladder due to detrusor over activity. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the ethnic distribution of patients presenting with LUTS. This study was conducted as a retrospective observational study from June 2009 to June 2016. Patients presenting to the urology clinic, Teaching hospital, Peradeniya with LUTS were included in the study. Their socio demographic characteristics were recorded and IPSSs were obtained by Doctors. Subjects less than 18 years were excluded. Ethnic distribution of the patients presenting with LUTS was compared with Ethnic distribution of central province. The study population included 1288 patients between 20 to 94 years. Mean age was 62.81±12.18 years. There were 79.81 %( n=1028) male patients. Ethnic composition of the study population consisted of 89.8% (n= 1157) Sinhalese patients, 6.7% (n=86) Muslim patients and 3.5 %( n= 45) Tamil patients. According to the census of population and housing Sri Lanka, 2012, ethnic composition of central province was Sinhalese 66%, Muslims 9.9% and Tamils 23.8%.Mean IPSS values in Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim populations were 17.12±8.14, 18.11±7.79 and 18.21±9.03 respectively. When considering the severity of LUTS there was no statistically significant difference between different ethnic groups (p=0.262). The most common lower urinary tract symptom was nocturia (87%). Least common symptom was straining (50.5%). In Sinhalese population commonest symptom was nocturia 86.9%, least commonone was straining 49.4%. In Muslim population most common symptom was nocturia 88.4% while least common one was straining 59.3%.In Tamil population both poor stream and nocturia were seen in 86.7%. Least common symptom was straining 64.4%. According to current study ethnicity does not have a major impact on the severity of LUTS.


The major purpose of this study was to assess the practice and problems of teachers' performance appraisal in the secondary schools of Wolaita Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region. In order to achieve the objective of the study, descriptive survey method was employed. The study was conducted in five government secondary schools, five Woreda education offices and one Zone education department. The secondary schools and Woreda education offices were selected by simple random sampling techniques. The secondary school teachers were selected by systematic sampling while Woreda education offices and Zone education department education experts were selected purposely. The study included 10 principals, 120 teachers and 6 experts of the Woreda education offices and Zone education department. Questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. The data gathered through questionnaires were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation, weighted mean, chi-square and an independent sample t-test. Based on the analysis the study portrayed that lack of validity and reliability of performance appraisal criteria, inadequate classroom observation for performance appraisal, less participation of school supervisors (department heads and unit leaders) in performance appraisal process, the absence of pre and post-appraisal meeting, more emphasis on the administrative purposes than developmental and lack of training on the teachers' performance appraisal schemes were found to be the major factors that affect the teachers' performance appraisal in the secondary schools of Wolaita Zone. Hence, it is recommended that each school should develop criteria specific to each subject and set the performance target or plans together with all teachers and conduct TPA by the involvement of principals, department heads and unit leaders. It is also better to conduct pre and post-appraisal conferences periodically and consistently and providing training for school supervisors and teachers by Woreda education offices and Zone education department to the successful operation of a scheme of teachers' performance appraisal.


The static analysis of the whole structure containing flue,selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reactor and bracket was carried out by using finite element software ANSYS.Selecting the top plate and the holed wall-plate as the object of study,the influence of the stability on thin steel plate considering stiffening and large rectangular opening was respectively studied.Results show that the present design of stiffening rib can meet the requirements of stability for stiffening plate with one-side pressure.According to comparing the results based on the same area of section between L-stiffener and T-stiffener,L-stiffener has stronger restriction effect on the plate.Large rectangular opening changes stress distribution on the plate.The critical bucking eigenvalue is sharply reduced because of the hole and it is easy to appear unsteadiness phenomenon around the hole.But using stiffening rib around the hole can effectively prevent instability.Furthermore,the constraint capacity of L-stiffener on the plate is stronger than T-stiffener with the same area of section,and hole on the plate can cut down the bearing capacity of plate,but using stiffening rib around the hole can increase critical buckling eigenvalue.


Let G n be a family of random independent k-element subsets of [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n} and let H(G n , `) = H n (`) denote a family of `-element subsets of [n] such that the event that S belongs to H n (`) depends only on the edges of G n contained in S. Then, the edges of H n (`) are 'weakly dependent', say, the events that two given subsets S and T are in H n (`) are independent for vast majority of pairs S and T . In the paper we present some results on the structure of weakly dependent families of subsets obtained in this way. We also list some questions which, despite the progress which has been made for the last few years, remain to puzzle researchers who work in the area of probabilistic combinatorics.


To manage chronic constipation, dietary and lifestyle modifications should be tried before pharmacological intervention. Although there is no standardized treatment guideline for medical practice, the key considerations in the choice of laxative includethe treatment duration, dosing schedule, type of agent, effects and side effects of the agent, and cost. The first-line treatment is abulking or osmotic laxative. If the patient is still symptomatic, the physician can add or switch to other laxatives. Next, prucalopride,a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, could be considered. If the constipation is refractory tocombination therapy with conventional laxatives and prucalopride, patients should be referred for further evaluation, includingphysiological testing.


Presented a case of rare pathology Goodpasture's syndrome in a younger patient with a clinical diagnosis polysegmentary bronchopneumonia, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic sepsis, after clinical and morphological analysis of the case exposed the diagnosis of hemorrhagic pneumo-renal syndrome. Discussed the morphological changes in organs and their relationship to clinical and laboratory and instrumental methods. Show in a concrete example low verification of lifetime diagnostic of this disease.


The tectonic history of the Pacific continental margin is critical for understanding their mineral deposits. The margin presents intrusive and volcanic activity characteristic of magmatic arcs of subduction zones, which are genetically related with deposits of Cu, Fe, Mo, Au, and Ag. Although the tectonic history has been complex, involving oblique plate subduction, lateral movements, accretion of magmatic arcs and oceanic plateaux, and lateral displacements of major blocks, the mineral deposits are spatially distributed along elongated belts which roughly follow the margin. We have conducted paleomagnetic, rock magnetic and petrological studies of the iron ore deposits, for investigating genesis, magnetic mineralogy, stratigraphic relationships, metamorphism, and applications of quantitative modelling of magnetometric data. The remanent magnetization and susceptibility data are necessary for interpretation of magnetic anomalies. The results permit a comparison of the mineral deposits along the continental margin.


This work investigates the acoustical and related non‐acoustical properties of soil substratum that is used on vegetative noise barriers and green walls. The following effects are studied in the laboratory: (i) soil moisture content, (ii) soil blending with porous recycled materials, and (iii) multi‐layering of soil with porous recycled materials. The acoustic absorption and surface impedance measurements are carried out using a standard 100‐mm impedance tube. The flow resistivity measurements are carried out using a calibrated flow resistivity apparatus having the diameter of 100 mm. Samples of soil substratum are prepared in a specially designed sample holder that enables accurate control of the moisture content, porosity, material compaction, and soil density. The observed experimental data are used to validate the theoretical predictions which are based on a model that requires the knowledge of the flow resistivity, porosity, tortuosity, and pore size distribution of soil and recycled porous media.


BS>Isothermic sections of the Nb- Mo- Cr system and of the corresponding binary systems Nb- Cr, Mo- Cr, and Nb- Mo were studied on specimens quenched from 1200 deg C by metallographic, x-ray diffraction and hardness testing methods. The specimens were prepared in an arc furnace with W electrodes on a water-cooled plate under an Ar atmosphere. Results indicated a homogeneity region in the Nb- Cr system, corresponding to the intermetallic compound NbCr/sub 2/ at 62 to 68 atomic % of Cr. This region is extended to ll atomic% Mo in the Nb-Mo-Cr system. At 1200 deg C the solubility of Cr in Nb is 11 atomic%; that of Nb in Cr 2 atomic%. In the ternary system an alpha ( beta ) solid solution is formed with a large region of homogeneity near the Mo corner of the diagram. (TTT)


Given the nature of price movements and returns in the stock market, fluctuations in secondary market prices should follow the same index returns. However, the emerging status of the Nigerian stock exchange presupposes that issues of inefficiencies may be rife. This study sets out to investigate the process, patterns and behaviour of arbitrage for the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data covered the period 1985 to 2016 and the focus was on obtaining long term behaviour of the market with respect to information availability in the market. The general outcome of the study is that arbitrage is present in the market since there is wide-spread inefficiency of information distribution in the market. Thus, investors tend to take advantage of price or returns differential to make profits from trading in the market.


The paper illustrates a technology under development at the Biomedical Laboratory of the Department of Mechanics of the University of Calabria, in cooperation with other centers, aimed, through the use of "Enhanced Reality", to the elimination of X ray exposure of Doctors and technicians, reducing it also to patients, during fracture reduction procedures. The term "Enhanced" is used instead of the more common "Virtual" since the system allows the relative position of the bone fragments to be measured, in order to compute and plot the actual position of the bones on a radiographic scale during the reduction process, and on two approximately perpendicular planes, even if this is not visible to the operators. The research is takes origin from two Italian patents and a PCT application, about to be released as European Patent.


The appearance of business ethics and principles, and international standards for business practices, as well as the monitoring of the corporate world from an environmental optic, stems from the growing world-wide consciousness of the need to foster sustainable growth, to protect our environment and strive for sustainable exploitation of our natural resources. The issues surrounding this world-wide trend, have been most specifically focussed on the environmental aspects of economic development; that is, on environmental development considered as the sustainable use of natural resources.


Laboratory studies demonstrated that temperatures down to −15°C had little effect on mortality of adult viviparous, parthenogenetic Myzus persicae (Sulzer) collected from overwintered spinach, Spinacia oleracea L. The LT50 and LT95 values at −15°C were 68.61 and 87.07 h, respectively. Aphid survival at −17°C, however, was significantly reduced. The LT50 and LT95 values were 7.53 and 9.31 h, respectively. Additional temperature reductions in laboratory tests reduced aphid survival further. Field samples collected from overwintered spinach in 1985 revealed significant reductions in aphid abundance and survival following extremely low temperatures (−20.6 and −21.7°C). Furthermore, aphid survival was significantly greater on sheltered plant locations. Significant reductions in Myzus persicae abundance and survival were not detected during the mild winter of 1986 when the lowest temperature was −12.8°C. At the 1986 harvest, the mean number of live aphids per plant was 37-fold greater than in 1985.


The article considers one of the possible approaches to the formalization of operator errors in the development of management skills on the simulator.


A Thesis Submitted to the Department Of Environmental Science,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Master of Science Degree
In Environmental Science, February-2013


Generally, engineering materials must have some specific characteristics and those characteristics which are important in selecting material for specific applications related with material structure and life-time. It is difficult to find all these features especially mechanical and surface properties in a single material. So the solution is found by increasing the strength of bulk material, and increasing wear and corrosion resistance of the surface. Therefore, engineering materials are selected from cheaper materials providing needed structural features, and the other surface characteristics are provided from coatings. Friction and wear of the sliding components in an automobile cause an increase in both fuel consumption and emission. Many engine components involved with sliding contact are all susceptible to scuffing failure at some points during their operating period. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of various surface coatings on the tribological characteristics of the automobile parts. In this study, the corrosion protective properties of Vacuum Arc Evaporation PVD coatings were investigated and the relation between corrosion protective properties was investigated.


We study (i) traveling wave solutions, (ii) the formation and spatial spread of synchronous oscillations, and (iii) the effects of variations of threshold in a system of integro-differential equations which describe the activity of large-scale networks of excitatory neurons on spatially extended domains. The independent variables are the activity level u of a population of excitatory neurons which have long range connections, and a recovery variable v. In the integral component of the equation for u the firing rate function is the Heaviside function, and the coupling function w is positive. Thus, there is no inhibition in the system. There is a critical value of the parameter $\beta$ ($\beta_{*} > 0$) that appears in the equation for v, at which the eigenvalues $\mu^{\pm}$ of the linearization of the system around the rest state $(u,v) = (0,0)$ change from real to complex. We focus on the range $\beta > \beta_{*}$, where $\mu^{\pm}$ are complex, and analyze properties of wave fronts and 1-pulse and 2-puls...


Scott D. Michel explains the changes in the instructions and the form of the foreign bank and financial account report and analyzes the implications of those changes.


Phytochemical and proximate analyses of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root were carried out. Phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of atropine, scopolamine, essential oils, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, as well as cardiacs glycosides; while tannins, coumarins, carboxylic acid and valepotriates were absent in all the plant parts examined. The proximate analysis indicated significant (P < 0.05) variation in crude protein content which ranged from 2.09 in the root to 17.21%, moisture content (3.5 in root to 15% in stem), crude lipid content was 6% in root and 15.52% in the seed. Total ash was highest in the root (25.71%) and least in the seed (8.26%) while nitrogen free extract was (47.97%) and 20.88% in the pod and stem, respectively.

 Key words: Phytochemical, proximate analysis, Datura innoxia.


From multiple perspectives science education is an important domain in the life of children in contemporary society. From one perspective the sustainability of our current lifestyle and wellbeing is dependent on attracting the most creative and talented individuals to pursue careers in science. Identifying those who are gifted in science, cultivating those gifts and providing opportunities for the gifted to explore their interests to the fullness of their ability are significant goals in the education of gifted children. This purpose of this paper is to explore how teachers and parents can help those gifted students with passionate interests in science by examining three broad issues: First, what features characterise the child who is gifted in science; Second, curricula and pedagogical approaches that afford talent development in science, and third, the resources, including human that are necessary and available to assist teachers and parents to provide enriching learning experiences. In addressing these issues I will draw upon research and experience from working with many gifted children in science to demonstrate how they often show particular intellectual propensities, for example a disposition to processing information spatially, an intense curiosity about their surroundings and preparedness to engage in risk taking ventures. These characteristics are of particular significance in identifying those children with particular gifts in science. In working with gifted students the importance of curricular experiences that provide opportunities for students to engage in authentic tasks without time constraints and among like-minded committed individuals are critical features of programs will be outlined with specific examples of strategies and approaches. Finally, I will outline the scope of resources and the role of mentors, parents and support organisations in developing appropriate learning experiences for the scientifically gifted student.


ABSTRACT We investigated the feasibility of separating radioactive Cs isotopes using the effects of light-induced drift (LID). LID is the massive flow of particles caused by the difference between the collision frequencies of the buffer particles in the optically connected ground and excited states. We numerically evaluated the LID velocities of Cs-133, Cs-135, and Cs-137 in rare gases based on the currently available experimental technologies. The calculations were performed utilizing the steady-state analytical model and assuming that all of the collisions were strong. The velocity-dependent collision cross-sections were estimated using the WKB approximation with the recently developed ab initio atom–atom interaction potentials. A maximum velocity of more than 10 m/s was obtained when He was utilized as the buffer gas, and the expected maximum annual throughput was approximately 600 g, which is sufficient for practical purposes. We also examined the negative effects that were neglected in the employed model.


The primary aim of this paper is to analyze the Name of Catholic Church in Korea. There are about 1,100 Catholic churches in Korea. The Names of Catholic church are classified three types. The first type of church name is based on the place name, for example, an administrative district-city name, gu(ward) name, gun(county) name, eup(block) name, ri(village) name etc. The major part of church names belong to this type. The second type is based on the saint`s name. St. Paul, Lazaro, John, Mark, Matthew, Peter, Joseph, Thomas, John Vianney, Therese etc. and Korean saint`s names, the blessed Korean martyr. Thirdly, a few church names are based on the foreigner (international) and Chinese aliens in Korea. The word formation rules of Catholic church name are as follows. 1. Place name+church ⇒ (city, gy, gun, eup, myeon, dong, ri name) + church 2. Saint`s name+church ⇒(place name)·(St)·saint`s name + church or (place name)·(St)·(surname)·personal name·(baptismal name)+church or (place name)·the blessed + church 3. Foreigner (international ) + church or Chinese aliens + church


Church History: Perspectives from the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. The Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika has always regarded Church Hisory as a very important part of the theological curiculum. For that reason little attention has been given to metatheological quesions concening the subject, object, method and purpose of Church History. This article examines these questions, applying insights and contributions from several sciences such as Hisory, Philosophy of History, Theory of Science and Theology. This aricle reflects on questions as to why and how Church History can be regarded as a theological discipline


The cashew apple production in India is estimated to be 65 lakh tones per year but less than 10% of it is processed inspite of possessing all nutritional and medicinal properties. Although the nutritional and economic importance of cashew
 apple has been acknowledged by many researchers, but no systematic research has been taken yet for proper utilization of large quantities of cashew apples which are being wasted every year. The present investigation was therefore, carried out at
 Cashew Research Station, All India Coordinated Research Project on Cashew, during the year 2017-18 to evaluate the fifteen diverse cashew genotypes for their physico-chemical parameters as well as value addition of cashew apple juice. The experiment
 was laid out following the statistical design RBD with two replications. The tested cashew genotypes revealed variations with respect to physico-chemical parameters of cashew apple as well as prepared RTS. Cashew genotype, Kankadi revealed
 superiority for physical parameters such as cashew apple length (9.2cm), cashew apple breadth (both at wider (5.17cm) and narrower point (4.35cm)), specific gravity (1.21), juice recovery (72.91%) and apple to nut ratio (15.41). Cashew apple weight
 was recorded maximum in genotype VTH-711/4(118.71g). Genotype, Dhana exhibited superiority for total cashew apple yield (19.35kg plant-1), titrable acidity(0.35%) and ascorbic acid content(254.54mg 100g-1) among the tested genotypes. Total soluble
 solids was recorded maximum in genotype D-19 (15.52 0 brix). Reducing sugar and total sugar was recorded maximum in genotypes, NRCC Sel-2(9.90%) and BPP-8 (10.53%) respectively. Minimum amount of tannin was recorded in genotype Bhubaneswar-1(1.76mg
 ml-1). The organoleptic evaluation of prepared RTS revealed wide variations and recorded organoleptic values ranged between 3.50 to 5.00 for colour, 3.00 to 5.00 for appearance, 2.00 to 4.80 for flavour, 2.00 to 4.00 for taste, 2.00 to 4.50 for
 sweetness and 2.00 to 4.25 for overall acceptability on 5 point hedonic scale. The genotype, Bhubaneswar-1 recorded highest score for all the organoleptic parameters such as colour (5.00), appearance (5.00), flavour (4.80), taste (4.00), sweetness
 (4.50) and overall acceptability (4.25). Thus, the genotype, Bhubaneswar-1 may be commercially exploited for RTS preparation owing to its low tannin and consumer acceptability.


Great advances have been made since the ®rst therapeutically successful dialysis was described in 1943. Dialysis was at ®rst a prolonged, expensive and labour-intensive procedure which was only used to prevent death from hyperkalaemia or uid overload, being limited to young patients with acute renal failure while their own kidneys recovered. Later, this indication was extended to patients destined for urgent renal transplantation. With advances in technology, dialysis has now become cheaper and less onerous: more than 95% of the dialyses performed in the UK are for chronic renal failure on a routine outpatient basis; only 25% of patients on dialysis are waiting for a transplant. As there is a shortage of cadaveric donors only one-third of those on the list will receive a kidney transplant. This means that the majority of such patients will spend the rest of their lives on dialysis. It is therefore no longer suf®cient to keep the electrolytes within safe levels and the patient out of pulmonary oedema. The aim must be to keep the patients healthy and mobile, and so prolong their survival. Thus the concept of dialysis adequacy has developed over the last 20 years.


In the study of commutative Noetherian rings, localization at a prime ideal has been a powerful tool. Let me just recall that if P is a prime ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring, then there exists a local ring RP and homomorphism λ : R → RP such that if c ∈ R\P then λ(c) is invertible in RP . An important property of the ring RP is that RP/J(RP ) ∼= Q(R/P ), where Q(R/P ) is the field of quotients of the domain R/P . In the noncommutative case, there have been several different approaches to localization. If P is a prime ideal of the Noetherian ring R, we would like to construct a ring RP in which the elements of C(P ) are invertible (The set C(P ) consists of the elements of R that are not divisors of zero modulo P .) One approach is to attempt to construct a ring of fractions, but this is possible only when C(P ) satisfies the Ore condition. When this fails, one can often invert a subset of C(P ) and still obtain a reasonable ring. This approach has been studied rather extensively. Another approach focuses on the category of modules, and attempts to construct an appropriate localization in the categorical sense. It requires that the localization of R/P should be "torsionfree" but other than that, as much of R–Mod as possible should become "torsion". This construction always exists, but in general does not lead to a satisfactory ring of quotients. In the commutative case, the inverse images of the powers of the Jacobson radical of the localization RP form the "symbolic powers" of the prime ideal P . Furthermore, the kernel of the mapping from R to RP is equal to the intersection of the symbolic powers of P . It is possible to give a definition of symbolic powers P (n) in the noncommutative case, and in 1967 Alfred Goldie constructed a localization as a certain subring of the inverse limit of the rings Qcl(R/P ). We note that in his construction the first step is to factor out the intersection of the symbolic powers. In 1973, Paul Cohn initiated another method of localization in the paper "Inversive localisation in Noetherian rings." The paper constructs the universal localization RΓ at a prime ideal P of a Noetherian ring by inverting the set Γ of matrices that are not divisors of zero modulo P .


Shanghai Boiler Works Ltd.manufactured the spherical header for the first time.The difficulty of spherical header manufacture was analysed,the corresponding process scheme and countermeasure were recommended,the spherical header manufacture course was introduced in detail.Some pivotal technical problems such as the material selection of spherical header,drilling on the spherical surface,machining of the diagonal linked tubes and inside clean up were solved.The product manufacture accorded with the standards,and delivered eligibly.


Gastrointestinal complications are common in hereditary transthyretin (ATTRm) amyloidosis. Although we previously reported that electrogastrogram (EGG) data might be useful markers to know the levels of gastric myoelectrical activities in patients with ATTRm amyloidosis even in early stage [1], we have not been present the data of electrointestinogram (EIG) in these patients because of technical limitations. However, we newly established a cutaneous EIG recording method. In this study, we evaluated the myoelectrical activities of descending colon in ATTRm amyloidosis using cutaneous EIG, and assessed its potential as an evaluating marker for the early detection of gastrointestinal dysfunction in these patients.


In this paper, a circularly polarized rectangular patch antenna with slot is proposed for GPS applications. The geometric structure of the antenna is a rectangular shape with transmission line feed to the rectangular patch. The rectangular patch with slot is designed from an inexpensive FR4 double-sided PCB. The dimensions of rectangular patch with slot for circularly polarized antenna is 60mm, 120mm and 2mm in width (Wg), length ($L_{g}$) and height (ha), respectively, to propagate the GPS frequency band of 1. 575GHz. On this rectangular patch surface, we have designed a small grooving technique with a width of 2mm and a tilt angle to create a circular polarization. In addition, we also designed this antenna to increase bandwidth by using bandwidth enhancement techniques by grooving the U-slot on the ground plane of the antenna. Based on the results of this antenna simulation, we used to obtain the best proposed antenna parameters and this circular polarization rectangular patch antenna was fabricated and thoroughly tested, respectively. The antenna gain from the simulated results is 3. 85dBi and measured at 3. 55dBi. The simulated and measured axial ratio (AR) $\leq$ 3dB cover the operating frequency band (1.563-1. 587GHz). And this antenna has the half power beam width (HPBW) in the XZ-plane and the YZ-plane is greater than 65 0 covering the GPS band. In addition, the results of the simulation compared with the measured results show that it is a good agreement for applying this circularly polarized rectangular patch antenna to the GPS applications.


Introduction: Nursing models are structures that allow give the person specific care, individualized and based on scientific evidence, development and application of them is a challenge within health institutions, because it requires a continuous process update. Objective: To design and implement a competency model models supported by Patricia Benner and Alfonso Silíceo nurses for service in neonatology specialty hospital. Methodology: Descriptive study in neonatology service in which strengths and weaknesses identified in the care and evidenced felt needs and 24 nurses from all shifts, on a scale of 1 to 10, the powers of environment were measured care, nursing care and care airways in the preterm infant stages of pain. The collection methods were participant observation, observation guide, questionnaire and checklist. Results: Regarding the evaluation of the three powers environment care, nursing care and care airways in the preterm infant stages of grief, the average was 6.3 in knowledge, skills and attitudes 7.0 7.4, which makes it obvious one deficit in the domain of professionals and specific skills to deliver preterm newborn care. Conclusions: The implementation of innovative model for specific competencies for nurses who provide care to the preterm newborn care situation is proposed. Correspondencia: Guadalupe González de la O Correo electrónico: firstname.lastname@example.com Fecha de recepción: 03/09/2015 Fecha de dictamen: 30/10/2015 Fecha de aceptación: 30/11/2015


Drawing on research conducted for a Dissertation in the Bachelor of Social Work, this article explores violence against women and in particular addresses the issue of screening for domestic abuse in all health care settings. The research explores the benefits, risks and barriers of mandatory screening and queries if this concept is justified. The paper also considers how transitional societal viewpoints regarding domestic abuse influences attitudes towards routine screening. This investigation includes an examination of current policy and questions its sufficiency in terms of empowering women who experience abuse. Using the constructivist grounded theory in combination with the feminist perspective; this paper considers the evidence provided by two women who have experienced abuse, and by one professional who works alongside women who have or who still are experiencing abuse. Several conclusions are drawn. Firstly, there are correlations between socially accepted definitions of domestic abuse and attitudes towards domestic abuse. Secondly, routine screening for domestic abuse in all health care settings is not a 'one glove fits all solution'. Finally, a cultural shift is required and intervention in relation to domestic abuse needs to concentrate on the micro – meso and macro level. Critical Social Thinking: Policy and Practice, Vol. 5, 2013 School of Applied Social Studies, University College Cork, Ireland Critical Social Thinking, Vol. 5, 2013 Critical Social Thinking | Applied Social Studies | University College Cork | http//:cst.ucc.ie 93 Keywords: Domestic violence; domestic abuse; intimate partner violence; routine screening; health care settings; constructivist grounded theory; gender-based violence. Introduction While it is acknowledged that men experience abuse in intimate relationships by women, as do same sex-couples, this article focuses on women's experiences of abuse in intimate relationships by men. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a personal experience which over time, and according to culture, has been 'condoned, tolerated, denied, stigmatised, pathologised, and criminalised' (Allen, 2012, p.12). 17 However, while it may have similarities to other types of violence, IPV against women is distinct in its 'context, repetitiveness, intentionality and effects' (Hennesy, 2011, p. 58). IPV against women has also been subject to re-labelling and re-construction, resulting in a range of associations and consequences. For example, the term 'woman battering' invokes an image of a woman lying beaten, while 'spouse abuse' implies the relationship between the parties is that of legally married partners (Allen, 2012). The gender-based nature of this violence can be seen in common proverbs from around the world which legitimate violence as a means of control over women, for example: 'A spaniel, a woman and a walnut tree, the more they're beaten the better they be' (Grant, 1999, p.164). Feminist viewpoints articulate that within patriarchal societies the socialisation process dictates a power differential between men and women that is believed to be the main cause of IPV (Allen, 2012; Dobash & Dobash, 1977; Lenton, 1995; Walker, 1984; Yllo, 1988). It could be suggested that this power differential is reflected in health care settings regarding attitudes towards screening for domestic abuse (DA). A study carried out by Natan et al (2011) supports this view and shows significant variance between doctors (90% of whom were male) and nurses (75% of who were female) in their attitude towards screening for DA. Some 16% of doctors agreed with the statement that women are the reason for the violence perpetrated against them compared to 1% of nurses. In addition, 30% of doctors answered that there are more important issues than violence compared to 2.5% of nurses. Furthermore, 45% of doctors responded they do not have enough time to assess abuse as opposed to 11.5% of nurses. Understanding terminology and all aspects of IPV is important when one considers the detection of violence against women in health care settings without protocols for routine 17 The terms intimate partner violence (IPV), domestic violence (DV) and domestic abuse (DA) are referred to interchangeably throughout this article. Critical Social Thinking, Vol. 5, 2013 Critical Social Thinking | Applied Social Studies | University College Cork | http//:cst.ucc.ie 94 IPV screening. As noted by Shipway (2005, p. 3) professionals may focus on the signs of physical injury 'unaware of the reality' resulting in many women experiencing other forms of abuse going un-noticed for long periods of their lives. Defining Violence against Women Historically, the term 'battered woman' or 'battered wife' has been acceptable terminology used by many to describe violence against women. Such terms places emphasis on physical force and ignores psychological and emotional effects of other forms of abuse such as financial and sexual abuse. These forms of abuse may be continual and may not accompany bruises and broken bones (Shipway, 2005). Natan et al (2011) suggests women tend to avoid reporting such abuse, but, if asked through routine screening they are more likely to disclose. In contemporary Irish society 'domestic violence' is the term traditionally used in legislation and policy documents, nevertheless, this term is contested. Some authors suggest that 'domestic violence' is cloaked under 'family violence', thus, minimising the direct impact of abuse on the individual and taking the emphasis off the perpetrator. In addition, the seriousness of the abuse is reduced by authorities with the perceived notion that it is 'just another domestic' (Holt, 2003, P. 54). The term 'intimate partner violence' is gender neutral and centres on abuse between adults within an intimate relationship. Intimate partner violence is broadly used in the Irish and international context. Prevalence of violence against Women Violence against women has been the subject of many international studies. However, domestic abuse and violence against women has remained relatively hidden in the Irish context (Holt, 2003). In the recent Policy on Domestic, Sexual and Gender based Violence (2010) the Health Service Executive (HSE) highlighted the following statistics: One woman in 11 experience physical abuse in relationships. One woman in 12 experience sexual abuse in relationships. One woman in 13 experience severe emotional abuse. Sexual Abuse and Violence in Ireland (SAVI) research shows 'adult sexual assault' is perpetrated against approximately 1 in 4 Irish women. The perpetrator was a partner or ex-partner for about (23.6%) of those women. Critical Social Thinking, Vol. 5, 2013 Critical Social Thinking | Applied Social Studies | University College Cork | http//:cst.ucc.ie 95 The Impact of IPV on Women Domestic violence encompasses a wide range of harms including physical, emotional, sexual and financial (McGarry, 2010). In terms of physical injury, Shipway (2005) notes, women who have been abused suffer broken bones, fractures, bites, attempted strangling and internal injuries. Studies also show that increased incidences of urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV are interconnected with IPV (He, McCoy, Stevens, & Stark 1998; McGarry, 2010). However, the impact of IPV on women goes beyond physical injury. Women who have been abused often say that the emotional and psychological abuse they experience is for them the most 'destructive element' (Shipway, 2005, p. 22). Holt (2003) illustrates the link between IPV and mental health problems such as depression. Similarly, Shipway (2005) shows women who have experienced abuse employ coping mechanisms such as alcohol and drug misuse. However, more alarmingly, Webster et al (2011) note that since 1996, 166 women were murdered in Ireland; the majority of these women were murdered in their own homes. At this juncture it is important to note that women are at greatest risk of homicide at the point of separation or after leaving a violent partner (Daly & Wilson, 1988). The Development of Policy regarding IPV Historically, Domestic Violence and /or Sexual Violence responses were provided by the Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) sector. As noted by Kearns et al (2008, p. 6) it is only in recent years that the issue of domestic violence 'appeared on the political agenda'. Shipway (2004) notes traditionally, policy-makers at local, national and international level have been predominately male-orientated and suggests this may be one of the reasons for a delay in domestic violence policies. This argument has much in common with the work of Atkinson et al (1993) which suggests oppressed women's struggles are rooted in suppressive social, political, and cultural powers. National policy relating to domestic violence underwent significant change in the 1990's with the establishment and report of the National Task Force on Violence against Women (1997). The Task Force report (1997) outlined various recommendations which are of particular importance to this piece of research. For example, the Task Force report (1997) did, although not explicitly, suggest the importance of screening for DA in the following recommendations: 'Recognising that health care professionals will play a significant part in detecting domestic violence, training and appropriate guidance should be provided for such staff; The integration Critical Social Thinking, Vol. 5, 2013 Critical Social Thinking | Applied Social Studies | University College Cork | http//:cst.ucc.ie 96 of medical social workers into Accident and Emergency core staff; The provision by community based health services of information and to act as a gateway for service referral' (Kearns et al 2008, p.14). Following on from the formation of COSC the National Office for the Prevention of Domestic, Sexual and Gender-based Violence in 2007, the HSE published a policy on Domestic, Sexual and Gende


The fourth Industrial Revolution is rapidly growing due to the development of ICT and the need for organic linkage in the industry. The Internet of Things (IoT), in which objects and objects from active relationships such as sensing, networking and mutual cooperation without human intervention is the core technology of the fourth Industrial Revolution, which can be linked to various industrial fields. As the IoT environment spreads, IoT devices are continuously increasing in various industries. IoT devices connected to the Internet are as different as each application environment. Many information is derived from the interaction between an IoT device and a device or between a human and an IoT device, as well as devices that provide simple data such as sensing. This paper proposes a support method to enable extended service search when users search for services using information generated in IoT environment. The existing service discovery method focuses on the method by which the user selects the service based on the simple service information disclosed by the service provider. In order to solve the problem of existing service discovery method, this study proposed a support method that enables users to search service discovery flexibly even when using existing methods in service discovery in IoT environment. The proposed method provides a user-centered service search environment construction through a search method using user IoT information which was not considered in the existing service search. This makes up for the problem of service availability and provider-oriented service discovery through the establishment of a user service discovery environment.


We explore the relationship between the mass function of CDM halos and dynamical probes of the mass function such as the distribution of gravitational lens separations and the local velocity function. The compression of galactic halos by the cooling baryons, a standard component of modern models, leads to a feature in the distribution of lens separations near 3 arcsec or in the velocity function near 400 km/s. The two probes of the mass function, lens separations and the local velocity function, are mutually consistent. Producing the observed velocity function of galaxies or the separation distribution using standard adiabatic compression models requires more cold baryons, an equivalent cosmological density of Omega_b=0.02 compared to a total cosmological Omega_b=0.04, than are observed in standard accountings of the baryonic content of galaxies, Omega_b=0.006$, or our Galaxy, Omega_b<0.015. The requirement for a higher cold baryon density than is usually assigned to galaxies appears to be generic to models which use the standard adiabatic compression models for the transformation of the CDM halo by the cooling baryons. If real, this dynamical baryon discrepancy suggests either that we are neglecting half of the cold baryonic mass in standard galactic models (e.g. a MACHO, cold molecular or warm gas component), or that there is a problem with standard adiabatic compression models.


First, the paper analyzes the standard BP Algorithm. Toward the limitation of the standard BP algorithm, an improved BP algorithm is obtained by modifying the action function, regulating the learning rate and choosing the initial weights. And then a recognition example about license plate recognition technology is given to prove the improved BP algorithm. From the exam results, the improved BP algorithm has some advantages in fast convergence speed, short recognition time and high recognition rate.


This document shows the lightning outage aspects on overhead power distribution lines (OPDLs) mainly in Japan and a designing method of the insulation level of OPDLs. Based upon detailed analysis of them the author proposed the mitigation methods, which is thought to be meet risk management of OPDLs. Moreover the author indicates the future subjects related to lightning protection of OPDLs.


Traditional therapy for patients with symptomatic and/or high-risk indolent NHL most commonly includes rituximab combined with multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy. However some patients are not able to tolerate chemotherapy due to advanced age and/ or co-morbidities. Further, combination of novel, targeted agents (non-chemotherapeutic) have been infrequently tested in newly diagnosed indolent NHL patient populations. Overall response rate (ORR) with single-agent rituximab in prior data for untreated indolent NHL was 73% with a complete remission (CR) rate of 37% following maintenance therapy (JCO 2002; 20: 4261), although a good portion of patients in that series had low tumor burden at study entry. We hypothesized that frontline bortezomib and rituximab therapy would be effective and well tolerated for untreated "high tumor burden" indolent NHL. We have conducted a Simon 2-stage phase II trial for untreated indolent NHL. All patients were required to have "high tumor burden" as defined by Groupe D'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires (GELF) criteria. Induction therapy consisted of 3 cycles: bortezomib given at 1.6 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, and 22 q35 days for all 3 cycles and rituximab at 375 mg/m2 x 4 weekly doses for cycle 1, then day 1 only for cycles 2 and 3. Abbreviated consolidation therapy was subsequently given with 1 dose of each drug q2 months x 8 months. Responses were assessed by computerized tomography (CT) according to Cheson criteria (JCO 1999). We report here the results of the first stage of this 2-stage trial. Twenty-two patients have enrolled, of whom 17 were in the 1st stage. There were 9 women and 8 men; median age was 63 years (range 46–78 years). 14 patients had follicular lymphoma (FL), 2 marginal zone lymphoma, and 1 small lymphocytic lymphoma. 13 of 17 patients had stage IV disease and 4 had stage III. The median Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) was 3 (range 1–4) and the median follow-up was 13 months (range 1–24 months). Responses according to cycle number are shown in Table 1. After only 1 cycle, the ORR was 29% (all partial remissions (PRs)) with 71% stable disease (SD). Following cycle 3, ORR was 59% (24% CR). From cycle 1 to 3, 4/5 PRs converted to CR, 6 SDs converted to PR, while 1 PR and 4 SDs progressed or were removed from the study at physician discretion. 8 of 12 eligible patients have completed consolidation therapy. Following consolidation, 1 PR converted to CR and 2 SDs converted to PR for an ORR of 71%. According to histology, the ORR among FL patients after consolidation therapy was 86% (CR 36%, PR 50%). Therapy was very well tolerated. Grade 3 toxicities seen were lymphopenia, partial small bowel obstruction, and fatigue (all in 1 patient); no grade 4 toxicities occurred. Furthermore, no cytopenias or neurotoxicity was seen. Accrual to the 2nd stage is being completed. In summary, we found in the 1st stage of this phase II trial that bortezomib/rituximab combination therapy for untreated high tumor burden indolent NHL is well tolerated and active. Response rates improved throughout therapy (i.e., from cycle 1 through consolidation), although the CR rate achieved was low compared with chemotherapy-based regimens. Chemotherapy-based therapy should be considered standard therapy for frontline "high tumor burden" indolent NHL, although non-chemotherapy options may be considered for patients not anticipated to tolerate intensive therapy. Furthermore, responses seen here with bortezomib/rituximab, in a uniform high tumor burden patient population, were similar to rituximab alone in lower tumor burden populations. Analysis of clinical trials/reports in indolent NHL should include critical assessment of patient selection and future trials in high tumor burden should incorporate novel therapies into rituximab-chemotherapy based regimens.

Table 1. Response according to cycle/treatment.
| | After Cycle 1 | After Cycle 3* | Following consolidation therapy** |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| ------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------- |
| *Three patients had PD, while 2 patients were taken off study (without PD) at physician discretion. |
| **Eight of 12 eligible patients have completed post-induction therapy. |
| ORR | 29% (5/17) | 59% (10/17) | 71% (12/17) |
| CR | 0% | 24% (4/17) | 30% (5/17) |
| PR | 29% (5/17) | 35% (6/17) | 41% (7/17) |
| SD | 71% (12/17) | 12% (2/17) | 0% |
| PD/off trial | 0% | 29% (5/17) | 29% (5/17) |


Resumen en: Mangroves occur in coastal areas and are therefore vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance and exhibit high rates of deforestation. Mexico is among the c...


In the present power system, the hydro-turbine governor has become the central part of a hydro-turbine control system. This paper describes the relationship between the hydro-turbine governor and the grid load frequency control, analyzes the functions, the static and dynamic characteristics of the governor in grid primary and secondary frequency regulation. On the basis of modeling, simulation and field test, proposed are the PID parameter setting range of the governor under the large grid operating condition, and the power control mode of the unit.


It has been shown that the lignin contents of partially delignified jute, determined with 72 per cent sulphuric acid either at 2°C or at 22°C, are almost the same as the calculated values obtained by applying the necessary correction factors described in a previous communication.


Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence Lincoln R Potter, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The elaborated model of this article is a two-phase flow network model,the model combined with the advantages of simplicity of homogenous two-phase flow model and high solving precision of separated-phase model.Based on the mass and energy conversion equation of vapour and liquid phase as well as the momentum conservation equation of mixed phase,the model was built using the method of modularization on the platform of IMMS,and a generalized simula-tion algorithm is created.The model is suit for the simulation of two-phase flow networks of various of topological structures,it can also be used in the simulation of a single-phase fluid network.The simulation results show that the model operates very well and conforms to theory.


. The use of computers for simulating building thermal behavior started early at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The first example of such use dates from a 1957 study of an exterior wall exposed to solar radiation. The simulation program, later named BRIS, has gradually evolved with regard to the users and growing computer capacity. It has been used since the early sixties for research projects, design work and development of new systems, among others the ventilated hollow-core slab (Thermodeck) system. In 1990 the originators of BRIS recieved Swedish Great Energy Award for "distinguised contributions in the field of energy conservation". The jury stated that the knowlege we got from the simulations has lead to an annual saving of energy worth 100 millions Swedish Crowns. BRIS contains different installation- and control components representing generic models rather than specific implementations. The components can be combined freely to correspond to the principal operation of any HVAC system. The control strategy is based on a sequence of restrictions on the possible sources for heating, cooling or heat recovery. The restrictions are relaxed successively within each time step in the building model until a solution is found. The order in which the restrictions are to be relaxed may be varied, the capacity intervals can be open ended on one side, etc. By combining loads and systems minimum energy strategies can be defined and found by the program. When limiting the installed capacities the building dynamics will be more active in the control process which has shown to give a surprisingly high potential to reduce peak power problems and energy use. We now have experience from over 300 buildings using the Thermodeck system for passive cooling. Some of theese experiences are reported and commented in this paper. This paper reports on the ventilation measurements in a cinema using the tracer-gas technique. Both the local and room air exchange efficiencies were measured. The two tracer-gas methods, "step-up" and "step-down (decay)", were used alternately when the cinema was in use to enable a continuous measurement of air-exchange efficiencies under various occupancies. The air exchange efficiencies were found to be very close to that for a perfect mixing, with little influence from the occupants. This might be due to that the cinema had a downward mixing ventilation with a large air change rate. The air exchange efficiencies were found to be lower with the decay method than with the step-up method. The results also show that the decay method was more stable than the step-up method for evaluating the local air exchange efficiencies. However, both are stable for evaluating room air exchange efficiencies. Other parameters such as the CO2 concentrations and temperatures were also measured. Due to good mixing in the cinema, the thermal stratification was found to be small. However, the difference between the C02 concentrations in the occupied zone was found larger with higher occupancy. The C02 concentrations were found to be higher in the occupied zone than the room-average ones. Abstract The latest version in the CONTAM family of airflow and contaminant dispersal models, CONTAM96, has recently become available. CONTAM96 is an easily-used contamimnt analysis program combining state-of-the-art algorithms for modeling airflow and contaminant dispersal in multizone buildings. CONTAM96 employs a graphical interface for entering data and viewing the output of a simulation. The interface is based on a Skewad upon which the user draws building floor plans and places various symbols representing building features relevant to the calculation of airflow and contaminant dispersal. The SketchPad is used to establish the geometric relationships of the relevant building features, producing a simple illustration of the building that represents the underlying mathematical model. This illustration desai"bes the connection between building zones using icons to represent the zones, openings between zones, ventilation system components, and contaminant sources and sinks. The SketchPad brings up data entry screens used to define the mathematical characteristics of various building features, e.g., leakage areas of openings and contaminant source strengths. After performing a simulation, the flows and pressure drops at each opening are presented on the SketchPad. Transient contaminant concentrations can be displayed as separate graphs. In contrast to previous versions of CONTAM, CONTAM96 has the following new features: the ability to perfoh year-long simulations and exposure analysis, and a duct model. CONTAM96 requires a 386-class (or higher) PC-compatible computer with a math coprocessor, VGA graphics and MS-DOS. The program can also run in a DOS window under Microsoft, Windows95. The study concerns the ventilation of a parallelepiped shape room by means of several systems whose supplying and extracting methods differ, so the diierent thermic conditions applied to limits. To qualifjl the efficiency of each of these systems in relation with the various current criteria, we carried out measurements by means of a tracer gas, both with a transitory and a permanent flow. At the same time, numerical simulations were carried out by means of a CFD code which solves the equations of the fluids mechanic, material and heat transfers associated with flows. These calculations results, after measurements validation, enable to accurately know the air movements in the ventilated room as well as the tracer gas concentrations distribution in the tested conligurations. From these calculation results, was also demonstrated how the complex behaviour of each of these ventilation systems can be characterised owing to the possibility of identifjnng it to a simple model, using a reduced number of parameters. These typical parameters can in turn be used to implement the system performance evaluation criteria. These criteria allow to compare the various studied ventilation systems and class them in performance order. It can be seen that this classifkation can be modified depending on the selected criterion as well as the chosen ventilated area. The study results equally show the interest of the use of numerical simulation together with experiments, thus extending the range of results in order to generalise conclusions. The aim of this study was to compare the radon levels at workplaces and in homes located nearby. Homes (number of 57) and partly or filly underground workrooms (number of 55) have been studied at the four workplaces in southern Finland and one workplace in northern Finland. Radon concentrations both at workplaces and in homes seemed to be at the same level in the same district. The mean radon concentration in all workrooms was 357 Bq.mJ, and in homes concentration was 423 Bq.mJ. At the workplaces having mere exhaust ventilation the mean radon concentration was higher (arithmetic mean of 839 Bq.m", n=14), than the places having mechanical exhaust and supply ventilation (arithmetic mean of 209 Bq.m3, n=33). In an average the naturally ventilated workplaces (n=8) had the lowest level of indoor radon (arithmetic mean of 124 ~¶.m"). The highest radon level, both in the workrooms (2937 Bq.mJ) and in the homes (3080 ~ ¶ . m - ~ ) , was found in the northern Finland. The high values of indoor radon might be partly explained by the hill-construction of buildings without sealed constructions against soil, and partly by depressurisation caused by mechanical exhaust ventilation.


Chlamydospore formation in hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani was studied as a function of time. Hyphal suspensions were aseptically incubated in a salt solution supplemented with 0.01% glucose at 26-28° and examined by light microscopy. We counted both typical chlamydospores and chlamydospore-like bodies (CL bodies) in hyphae across the 0.3mm diameter of a microscope field. When arranged in a frequency distribution, the experimental data suggest that typical chlamydospores and CL bodies were formed in hyphae by chance. The formation of both bodies was characterized as a first order reaction. The number of CL bodies exceeded those of typical chlamydospores in all experiments. The optimal pH for the formation of both bodies was between 6.5 and 7.0. Autolysis of hyphae was observed after 8 or 9 days incubation. Apparently CL bodies are not precursors of chlamydospores. We recognize three distinct stages in the behavior of hyphae in carbon deficient media: 1. Hyphae continue to grow and chlamydospores and CL bodies are not formed in the first 3 days of incubation. 2. Chlamydospores and CL bodies are formed at constant rates but hyphae do not grow appreciably. 3. Hyphae begin to autolyse and coincidently the formation of chlamydospores and CL bodies ceases. Chlamydospore formation is considered to occur in a limited period under starved condition.


As a special group, advisers have taken an important place in the book Shi Ji.On the contrary, relevant research in modern times falls far behind.This thesis aims at more research on their life, their pursuit, their talent and attitude towards them by Si Maqian.


[Objective]The research aimed to provide basis for the production of sunflower. [Method]The species of Trichogramma against sunflower moth were screened out and the occurrence laws of sunflower moth were discussed. The relationship between the amount of Trichogramma in the field and the damage rate of sunflower was studied. [Result] The daily average parasitic rate of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura Heilongjiang K-4 was 60. 72%,which was significantly higher than that of other three strains. When the releasing amount of T.dendrolimi was 675 000 heads /hm2,the control effect of T. dendrolimi against sunflower month was 61.47% and the input-output rate reached1∶ 38. The first flourishing stage of sunflower moth was accordant with the anthesis stage of sunflower. There was a good linear relationship between the amount of T. dendrolimi and the damage rate of sunflower. [Conclusion] T. dendrolimi had the function for the control of sunflower moth in the field,and it could enhance the yield of sunflower and reduce the application amount of pesticide.


The main purpose of this study is to compare the test forms to the midi anchor test and the mini anchor test performance based on item response theory. The research was conducted with using simulated data which were generated based on Rasch model. In order to equate two test forms the anchor item nonequivalent groups (internal anchor test) was used in this research.  The data were generated and analyzed using the R software. 100 replications were done for each different condition. The results obtained from this simulation study were evaluated according to the equating error (RMSE) and bias (BIAS) criterions. In the study, midi anchor generally produced better equating results than the mini anchor test with a few exceptions for most conditions.


Recently, Turkish education system has been subject to some new regulations which have induced an increase in the number of the studies conducted in the field of Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) in Turkiye. This study mainly aims to determine the frequency distribution of these studies with regard to their topics, publishing years, the number of their authors, their samples and research methods with the help of a document analysis of the articles indexed by ULAKBIM TR Index (National Index) database. 56 articles were chosen as the sample since they were identified to be content-specific in the field of TEYL. Article Information Rubric was chosen as a data collection instrument and the data was processed through Microsoft Excel. The main findings of the study are: (1) ELT researchers are mostly concerned about writing papers about 'Beliefs and Attitudes' and 'Methods and Techniques'; (2) there is an important change in the frequency distribution in terms of publishing years; (3) mostly in-service teachers have been chosen as the sample with purposive sampling method; (4) the studies mostly followed qualitative research with case studies, (5) researchers used interviews and questionnaires most as data collection tools and (6) the most frequently performed type of data analysis is content analysis in these studies. Suggestions for further research were provided at the end of the study.


DISSERTATION 2008 Dr Markus Ebner TIME-VARYING FACTOR MODELS FOR EQUITY PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT In time-series analysis, structural changes between economic factors should yield changing coefficient estimates over time. In other words, varying sensitivities between factors should also be reflected by varying coefficient estimates. However, "classical" time-invariant estimation methods like Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are not able to capture these dynamics. This is because a major assumption of these approaches, those that coefficients are constant over time, is violated in the presence of structural change. Apart from this, also state-dependencies are not detectable by time invariant methods. If the influence of a factor on another changes in dependence of economic regimes also the coefficient estimates should vary. However, also in the case of state-dependency, the underlying assumption of constant coefficients is a major restriction of time-invariant estimation approaches. As previous studies have shown, major issues of active portfolio management may be affected by the presence of structural changes and state-dependencies. For example, as a result of a company's revised business strategy, the sensitivity of its return to the market return maybe change. Other examples are speculative bubbles in equity markets, changing dependencies of stocks returns to macroeconomic conditions or simply changing sensitivities of the market participants to new available economic information. This analysis investigates the quality of timevarying estimation methods, namely (i) Moving Window Least Squares, (ii) Flexible Least Squares and (iii) the Random-Walk Model on issues of equity portfolio management. Thereby the analysis is structured as follows: After a description of time-varying estimation methods in Chapter 2 we compare their forecasting quality on the U.S. stock market. While a rapidly growing amount of evidence reveals the predictability of stock market returns by using different explanatory factors and approaches, the forecasting quality of time-varying estimation techniques has not yet been analyzed. Hence, we apply the FLS procedure on an Error Correction Model which is based on both, fundamental and macroeconomic factors. On the basis of this model, we predict monthly U.S. stock market returns with a forecasting-horizon of one month and analyze the outcomes of the approaches. The focus of Chapter 4 is on time-varying beta estimates of German stock returns. The market model assumes stock returns to be a linear function of the market return. However, there is considerable evidence that the beta stability assumption commonly used when estimating the market model is invalid. Hence, we account for beta instability by allowing the estimated coefficients to vary over time and analyze the gains from the use of time-varying estimation approaches. In Chapter 5 we go beyond this and derive variance-covariance matrices, i.e. risk models from time-varying estimations of the market model. Most equity risk models applied in practice assume stable return correlations over time. However, a vast amount of literature has shown, that correlations among stock returns and, hence, variance-covariance matrices (VCMs) are unstable over time. Especially in turbulent market phases risk estimates from various risk models are well known to be unreliable. One reason for their poor risk forecasting ability is the fact that financial markets are subject to substantial structural change, time-invariant factor models do not account for. We account for correlation instabilities in U.S. stock returns and demonstrate the advantages of time-varying estimation techniques with respect to risk estimation, portfolio selection and investment performance. Chapter 6 is devoted to the style analysis of equityand balanced funds. Screening a fund managers exposure to specific asset classes, i.e. to investigate his style, is imperative for an investor. This is especially true if his portfolio is invested in multiple funds, each including a number of securities. Nevertheless, especially for non-institutional investors, it is often not possible to receive adequate data for the exact determination of the exposures. For this reason, Sharpe developed the "Return-Based Style Analysis" by creating a quadratic programming procedure based on the OLS approach. However, the time-invariance of the OLS method is a major restriction. This is because it is not possible to see current changes in fund manager's asset class exposures. Trying to overcome this we create a quadratic programming procedure based on the Flexible Least Squares approach. Finally, Chapter 7 concludes the analysis and summarizes the outcomes of time-varying estimation methods applied on problems of equity portfolio management. This thesis shows that time-varying estimation is a promising approach to capture changing structures in financial markets. In fact, in this study the use of time-varying estimation techniques generates superior results compared to time-invariant estimation. However, the gains in estimation precision differ quite substantially. While the improvements in stock market forecasts are only minor, the results of betaand risk estimates, as well as those of style analyses are considerably better. This is especially true for the Flexible Least Squares procedure which generates the most accurate estimation results of all methods under investigation.


The invention provides a method for extracting beta-carotene in broccoli by using an organic solvent. The method comprises the following steps: pulping broccoli, centrifuging, performing ultrasonic extraction, evaporating, and purifying, thereby obtaining the beta-carotene. The method is simple to operate, short in time, safe and non-toxic, free of limit on environment and time and wide in application, and the average purity of the prepared beta-carotene is as high as 90%.


This paper examines certain issues in anaphoric binding, within the general Framework of the Government-Binding theory of Chomsky (1981) and others. It falls into three parts. The first part descriptively distinguishes cases of local ((1) and (2a)) and nonlocal ((1) and (2b)) binding of anaphors. As a rough initial characterization, a reciprocal or reflexive is locally bound if it is bound in the minimal NP or S containing it and its governor. The core cases of the local binding of PRO occur when it is the subject of a subcategorized verb complement (e.g. of try). A (perhaps partial) characterization would be that PRO is locally bound when the category containing it is predicated of its antecedent, in the sense of Williams (1980).


During the second third of this year, Mexico lives the first stage of an educational transformation that abruptly migrated to a new educational paradigm characterized by distance education models. This paper presents a case analysis carried out at the Tecnologico de Monterrey on the concept of an optimal learning experience, which comes from the Flow Theory. Through a parallel survey applied to students and teachers, we evaluated the difference between both populations' perceptions of the construct called learning flow. Contrast analysis of proportions shows that the learner's perception is different from the one who teaches, within a distance teaching-learning process mediated by Educational Technology Tools. This study enables a discussion on the use and role that educational technologies adopt within the teaching-learning process based on the pedagogical principles of curiosity, challenge, concentration, and enjoyment, related to new teaching intervention schemes. The analysis presented shows that, within this new educational dynamic, the appropriate use and management of the technological learning environment is crucial to achieving an optimal state of learning, revealing new challenges and future work guidelines in the educational field.


The utility model discloses an electromagnetic relay which comprises a magnetic circuit part, a contact part and a push clamp, wherein the magnetic circuit part comprises a coil, a base, a yoke iron and/or an iron core and an armature iron, the contact part comprises a movable spring with a movable contact and a fixed spring with a fixed contact, the movable spring comprises a soft movable spring body, the movable contact is arranged on the upper part of the movable spring body, the movable spring also comprises a push spring which is extended from the movable spring body and is used for matching the action of the push clamp to drive the deformation of the movable spring and a catch spring which is used for limiting the free motion of the push clamp, the push spring is matched with the push point position of the push clamp by a certain gap, the catch spring is electrically supported to the push clamp, and the push spring is arranged near the movable contact. When the structure uses the soft movable spring, the free motion of the armature iron and/or the push clamp is limited by using the catch spring, meanwhile, the release reaction force is supplied, the contact pressure is supplied by the push spring in an action state, and consequently, the performance of the electromagnetic relay can be improved.


Objective:To introduce the knowledge base for residual solvent determination in pharmaceuticals and its application.Methods:Gatifloxacin and ciloprost were chosen as samples,and the general process of using the knowledge base for residual solvent determination was approached.Results:The residual solvents in Gatifloxacin and ciloprost were determined roundly and accurately using the knowledge base.Conclusion:The residual solvents in pharmaceuticals can be identified rapidly and accurately using the knowledge base for residual solvent determina- tion,making it a powerful tool for determining residual solvent in pharmaceuticals.


Market orientation can be described as a business culture in which all employees are committed to creating maximum value for the customer. Market orientation can also be described as a behaviour that supports the marketing concept. That behaviour is characterized by organization‐wide generation of market intelligence regarding current and future customer needs, dissemination of that intelligence across departments, and organization‐wide responsiveness to it.
This paper focuses on market orientation and marketing philosophies as well as finding out whether public organizations can adopt market orientation and marketing methods. It is the author's opinion, based on a research of a large public organization, that such an organization can assume further market orientation. But there are still various hindrances, which may be traced to business culture among other things. Furthermore, it appears that partisanship often affects the discussion of public organizations. This may have negative effect on public organizations' efforts to increase market orientation and adopt marketing methods.


The aim of Hilary's so-called Opus Historicum may be found in its Preface. In this edition the Preface is presented in Latin and English and commented upon. The author reveals that 'conscientization' of the bishops can be regarded as Hilary's aim.


The utility model discloses an intelligent control system for door card information reading based on a wireless networking technology. The intelligent control system comprises an upper computer, network switching equipment and a plurality of wireless microprocessor control units, wherein each wireless microprocessor control unit is connected with a set of wireless control terminal unit, an electronic lock module, a door lock state sensor and a wireless transceiving unit, the electronic lock module comprises a card reader, a first single-chip microcomputer and an electronic lock opening and closing control device, the wireless transceiving unit comprises a second single-chip microcomputer and a wireless transceiving chip, the card reader and the electronic lock opening and closing control device are respectively connected with the first single-chip microcomputer, the first single-chip microcomputer and the door lock state sensor are respectively connected with the second single-chip microcomputer, and the second single-chip microcomputer, the wireless transceiving chip and the wireless microprocessor control units are connected with one another in sequence. According to the intelligent control system provided by the utility model, the wireless transceiving unit is additionally arranged on a common electronic lock and is in wireless connection with the intelligent control system of a hotel or a house so as to be easy to maintain and facilitate the centralized management of a reception desk of the hotel.


Engine oil is an essential component in modern engines and must fulfil a broad range of
duties. The engine oil condition is closely related to the engine performance and to the engine
reliability. Different effects during the engine operation cause the formation of contaminants reaching
into the oil and degrading the oil condition. Monitoring the oil condition with an onboard
sensor
could provide information about the current oil status. The available sensor data and their correlation
to oil contamination effects is further illustrated and examined. The major challenge to derive a
reliable oil condition statement from these data is also discussed in this paper.


bjectives. To determine the association between obesity and prostate cancer recurrence after primary reatment with radical prostatectomy. ethods. Data were abstracted from CaPSURE, a disease registry of 10,018 men with prostate cancer. We ncluded 2131 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy between 1989 and 2003 and had body mass ndex (BMI) information available. Recurrence was defined as two consecutive prostate-specific antigen PSA) levels of 0.2 ng/mL or greater or any second treatment. Patients were risk stratified using the PSA evel, Gleason grade, and clinical T stage. esults. Patients were followed up for a median of 23 months. Of the 2131 patients, 251 (12%) developed ecurrence at a median of 13 months (range 1 to 107); 183 (9%) of these men had PSA failure and 68 (3%) eceived a second treatment. After adjusting for risk group, ethnicity, age, and comorbidities, a significant ssociation was found between an increasing BMI and disease recurrence (P 0.028). Very obese patients BMI 35 kg/m or more) were 1.69 times more likely to have recurrence relative to men of normal weight BMI less than 25.0 kg/m; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 2.84). An increasing PSA level (P 0.0001) nd Gleason grade (P 0.0001) were also associated with recurrence. Ethnicity was not significantly ssociated with either BMI or PSA recurrence (P 0.685 and P 0.068, respectively). onclusions. The results of our study have shown that obesity is an independent predictor of prostate ancer recurrence. Because of the increased comorbidities and greater rates of recurrence, obese individals undergoing radical prostatectomy need vigilant follow-up care. UROLOGY 66: 1060–1065, 2005. © 005 Elsevier Inc. p c p r r t w b i c l d m f a c he prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in the United States during the past two ecades, from 13% in 1980 to 30% in 2000.1 The elationship of obesity to prostate cancer risk is ontroversial, with some studies indicating that besity is associated with a decreased incidence of his study was supported by TAP Pharmaceutical Products, Inc. nd National Cancer Institute SPORE grant P50-CA089520-01. From the Department of Urology, Program in Urologic Oncology, rologic Outcomes Research Group, University of California, San rancisco, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, an Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; AP Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois; and eterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California Reprint requests: Christopher J. Kane, M.D., Department of rology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medcine, Room A-607, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 4143-1695. E-mail: email@example.com Submitted: February 28, 2005, accepted (with revisions): May w 6, 2005 © 2005 ELSEVIER INC. 060 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED rostate cancer2 and other studies suggesting an inreased incidence of prostate cancer3–5 and worse rostate cancer survival among obese men.3–5 Two ecent, retrospective, multi-institutional studies have eported greater recurrence rates among obese paients after radical prostatectomy (RP).6,7 Obesity as an independent predictor of recurrence in one ut not in the other. We sought to evaluate the ndependent relationship of obesity to prostate ancer recurrence after treatment with RP using a arge, community-based prostate cancer database. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Eneavor (CaPSURE) is a longitudinal, observational database of en with biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma, recruited rom 31 academic and community-based urology practices cross the United States. At each site, all patients with prostate ancer are enrolled consecutively by participating urologists, ho report complete clinical data at accession and follow-up 0090-4295/05/$30.00 doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.05.040


To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Kuroiwa et all concerning recovery from drug-induced alpha coma, because I see several such cases each year. The authors did not comment on several key EEG features of druginduced alpha coma that distinguish this pattern from the alpha-coma patterns after cardiorespiratory arrest or brainstem stroke. These features are: (1) The voltage of the alpha-frequency activity in druginduced alpha coma (50-150 pV) is much greater than after cardiorespiratory arrest or brainstem stroke (1540 pV). (2) The alpha-frequency activity of alpha-coma patterns after cardiorespiratory arrest or brainstem stroke is continuous and sinusoidal in appearance. In a druginduced alpha-coma pattern, the alpha-frequency activity waxes and wanes, appearing spindle-like in character. Furthermore, it is often mixed with occasional slower waveforms, thus forming "mitten-like patterns." One also may see beta-frequency activity mixed with the alpha-frequency activity, depending on the offending drug. (3) In drug-induced alpha coma, one sees in all brain regions much very slow activity (often less than 1 Hz) upon which the alpha-frequency activity is superimposed. This is not a feature of other alpha-coma patterns. (4) In drug-induced alpha coma, the alpha-frequency activity is always frontal or frontocentral dominant. Although the alpha-frequency activity seen in other alpha-coma states may be frontal or frontocentral dominant, it also may be diffuse or even posterior dominant. It is important for the electroencephalographer to identify these EEG features in a comatose patient because the prognosis for recovery from drug-induced alpha coma (as demonstrated in the case of Kuroiwa et all) is much better than alpha coma after cardiorespiratory arrest or brainstem stroke. In addition, the EEG can be of diagnostic value when these features are seen in a patient who is in a comatose state of unknown etiology, because further diagnostic and therapeutic action would be indicated (e.g., a trial of naloxone in a patient who remains comatose because of opiate toxicity after cardiovascular surgery).


Since the seminal paper by Bremner et al. in 1995 reporting the findings of reduced hippocampal volumes in Vietnam combat veterans, other groups have examined brain morphology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is often difficult to com- pare these studies directly because of differences in types of trauma, length of trauma exposure, age of trauma exposure, and sex. Despite these limitations, many authors have found volume reduction in the hippocampus, suggesting that a structural brain deficit may either predispose to the development of PTSD or be the result of the disorder, or both. In fact, some findings argue that the relatively smaller hippocampal volume in patients with PTSD is a risk factor for the development of PTSD, whereas other findings suggest that hippocam- pal volume reduction may occur as a result of either stress exposure or PTSD. Regardless of the etiology of the hippocampal volume re- duction, early work hints that pharmacological intervention may alter hippocampal volume. This review evaluates and categorizes the ex- isting research of hippocampal volume reduction in patients with PTSD. Other structural brain abnormalities related to PTSD are re- viewed. Finally, clinical implications of hippocampal volume reduction in PTSD are considered, particularly the response of the hippo- campus to pharmacological intervention.


In the last decade a large amount of research on fatigue loaded tubular structures and thick flat plate specimens has been done. This is largely due to the increasing importance of offshore structures. The effect of plate thickness has been analysed by means of a linear regression analysis. Increasing the thickness of the plate, decreases the fatigue life. The analysis shows that drawing conclusions from a small number of tests is dangerous.


Endochondral ossification is essential for new bone formation and remodeling during the distraction stage. Endochondral ossification is attributed to chondrocyte maturation, which is induced by various factors, such as the cellular environment, gene transcription, and growth factor expression. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)‐angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) is more soluble, stable, and potent than endogenous Ang1, and COMP‐Ang1 treatment has osteogenic and angiogenic effects in an in vivo model of bone fracture healing. Although the osteogenic effects of COMP‐Ang1 have been demonstrated, the precise mechanism by which COMP‐Ang1 induces chondrocyte maturation and triggers endochondral ossification is not understood. Here, we investigated the possible mechanism by which COMP‐Ang1 induces chondrocyte maturation. First, using a WST assay, we found that COMP‐Ang1 is nontoxic in rat chondrocytes. Then, we isolated total RNA from COMP‐Ang1–treated rat chondrocytes, and analyzed the decrease in chondrogenic gene expression and the increase in osteogenic gene expression using real‐time RT‐PCR. Gene and protein expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), which maintains chondrocytes in an immature stage, decreased in a dose‐dependent manner upon COMP‐Ang1 treatment. To clarify the relationship between HO‐1 and COMP‐Ang1 in chondrocyte maturation, we used cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP IX), an HO‐1 inducer, and tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP‐IX), an HO‐1 inhibitor. Treatment with various combinations of CoPP IX, SnPP IX, and COMP‐Ang1 confirmed that COMP‐Ang1 accelerates chondrocyte maturation by reducing HO‐1. In conclusion, our results suggest that COMP‐Ang1 accelerates chondrocyte maturation by interacting with HO‐1. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2513–2521, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


There are three artistic features in Dong-guo-ji,which was the most special drama in the Late-Ming Dynasty,as follows:first,it has writing techniques of Chun-Qiu.Second and third,the drama contains seriousness in humor and comedy spirit.So that the drama is full of comedy and the irony.Through the analysis of the artistic features about this drama,we can study the deep reasons of creative motivation and the limitations of acception.