This book will be beneficial to health related researchers especially those researching in the area of child feeding practices and it effects on child health. This piece of work is an original research finding and can be used as a reference for future works in the area of nutrition. Non-governmental organisations who wish to promote health delivery in rural communities will find this book as a worthy friend. You will love this book.


Qualitative research provides important insights into the experiences and perspectives of older people on end-of-life issues, but such research is methodologically and ethically complex. We offer a set of reflections from six end-of-life care studies conducted with older people in four European countries: Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The reflection process was informed by four full-day meetings between the authors and referral to sources including the study interview guides, summary "pen portraits" about key issues encountered in the interviews, and key sections of the interview transcripts. We identified as major challenges accessing people, the introduction of end-of-life issues in an interview, managing emotions, the presence of companions, and reciprocity. Formal ethical review committees rarely take into account these complex issues. We concluded that is it necessary to maintain an ongoing reflexive stance to enhance qualitative research practice in the intersecting fields of aging and end-of-life studies.


Machine Learning in the form of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has gained traction over the last few years especially in applications such as image recognition and speech recognition. These particular applications typically employ a subset of ANNs known as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which re-use parameters and thus reduce main memory bandwidth. However, there are other types of ANN that do not provide reuse opportunities such as autoencoders and Long Short-term memory (LSTM). It is generally accepted that dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is required to store the ANN parameters of useful sized ANNs. To achieve a given performance, CNN-specific implementations utilize cache-like structures using static random-access memory (SRAM) which mimimizes accesses to the slower DRAM. Most research has focused on implementing CNNs but because of their extensive use of SRAM have both ANN size restrictions and performance degradation when used in applications that utilize other types of ANN. This work considers embedded applications employing multiple disparate generic ANNs which, assuming there are limited reuse opportunities in the form of re-use or batch processing, will require usable memory bandwidth on the order of tens of Tbit/s. This work provides support to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) that do not provide ANN parameter reuse and suggests that these types of applications will require that all ANN parameters in main memory be accessed in real-time. This work coins the phrase "goldilocks bandwidth" when applied to ANN systems where the system provides the bandwidth required to read all ANN parameters at a real-time rate. This work employs pure 3DIC technology along with a proposed custom 3D-DRAM which exposes an entire page over a very wide databus (Fig 3). The 3DIC system die stack (Fig 1) includes the 3D-DRAM, a system manager layer and a Processing Engine (PE) layer collectively known as a Sub-System Column (SSC) (Fig 4). The targeted 3D-DRAM, the Tezzaron DiRAM4 [1]employs multiple memory array layers in conjunction with a control and IO layer and provides 64 separate vaults each providing 1 Gbit of storage which along with the suggested customizations provides this work up to 65 Tbit/s.


This thesis was carried out on the RESD department at Scania CV AB in S?dert?lje. The purpose of this thesis was to present alternative models that could replace the existing module for parameter setting. That module is called PSM (Parameter Settings Module) and is used to configure the vehicles that Scania produces according to the customer specification. The Parameter settings module consists of a number of scripts implemented in Scania's own scripting language called Matrix, which purpose is to define how the parameter of each vehicle system should be set. Due to the limitations Matrix has as script language, this has led to such testing procedures and performance has deteriorated significantly due to vehicle systems becoming more and more extensive. RESD team at Scania wanted to renew this module by using a different scripting language, or another scripting-free model for parameterisation. The work began with making a situation analysis of the current architecture for parameter setting. The situation analysis purpose was to study how the Matrix script language performs in different scenarios, its support, and testability. The situation analysis was concluded by doing a general profiling of the parameter setting performance in offline mode. Thereafter work began to develop different models for parameter setting. The work was completed by evaluating the proposed parameterization models. Two models for parameter setting were created during this thesis. The first alternative is based on the use of scripts or precompiled source files for implementation of parameter setting logic and has been named Script Model. The second model is called Data Driven model and is based on existing components and data from other tools used in the parameter setting process. The results of the report shows that as a programming language, Matrix has some weaknesses and limitations which have not previously been detected. Performance tests performed on the new scripting model shows that the loading and dynamic compilation of a script is a very time-consuming operation, which means that the time required to execute a script is delayed considerably. The weaknesses of dynamic compilation proves to be remedied by pre-compiling the scripts to be executed or by using the the data-driven model. In both cases, the startup times are considerably shortened, making the parameter setting process much faster and simpler than today's architecture can handle.


Mung bean is an important pulse crop grown by poor farmers in marginal and drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. Information on the extent of genetic divergence in mung bean is vital to identify diverse genotypes for crop improvement and the efficient utilization of the existing genetic resources. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to assess the extent and pattern of morphological diversity among the mung bean genotypes and to identify the traits contributing to the genetic diversity using multivariate analyses. The experiment was conducted using 60 mung bean genotypes at Jinka Agricultural Research Center during the 2018 cropping season. The first seven principal components explained 80.1% of the total variation. Almost all the studied traits were important contributors to the divergence. The cluster analysis based on quantitative traits revealed four distinct groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and cluster IV (D 2  = 43.16 units). The minimum inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster III and cluster IV (D2 = 12.16 units). The maximum and minimum intra-cluster distances D2 were recorded within cluster I (D2 = 6.49 units) and cluster III (D2 = 3.53 units), respectively). The range of intra and inter-cluster distance was 3.53 to 6.49 units and 12.16 to 43.16 units, respectively. Hence, the high genetic distance exhibited within and among clusters has to be exploited through the crossing and selection of the most divergent parents for future mung bean breeding programs.


The primary commodity consumed by people is reflected in the highest expenditure to fulfill it within a specific period, the dominance of expenditure in all consumption expenditures indicates the importance of commodities in all households' consumption. This study aims to identify the dominant consumption patterns of food commodities using descriptive analysis of 6,178 households obtained through national secondary data from the 2017 national socio-economic survey (Susenas). Several commodities categorized by largest to smallest expenditure are the basis for determining the largest consumption expenditure as essential commodities. Based on the ranking of consumption expenditures, the three most prominent consumption groups were identified, namely: (1) rice, (2) rice with assortment of side dishes, and (3) fish. Rice, detected through 4,771 households, is the largest consumption commodity, and expenditure on this commodity increases in line with the rise in income, reflected in the mean value of expenditure which is higher in the increasing income group. The expenditure of rice with assortment of side dishes was detected through 3,150 households and had the same tendency as rice, particularly increased expenditure in the higher income groups. Fish consumption expenditure was detected through 3,488 households following the conditions for the two previous commodities, and expenditures increased with higher income. The increased expenditure on the consumption of essential commodities by income groups demonstrates that the tendency to consume is in accordance with Keynes's relationship between consumption and revenue. The higher the income, the greater the consumption expenditure. However, to a certain extent, the specific relationship is that the proportion of increased consumption expenditure decreases with higher income. Based on the elasticity coefficient, it was found that three essential commodities were normal goods. However, the level of consumption sensitivity to rice and fish income was higher than for processed food. In contrast to elasticity, the tendency to consume processed food is higher; the share of the increase in revenue is used to increase consumption of processed food, compared to adding rice and fish. This finding acts as provisional evidence that food consumption has undergone a fundamental change to become more consumptive.


A 443-page book on a 626-line poem about a rooster must be up to something, and one can tell pretty quickly that it must be something good, for Peter Travis writes with authority, ambition, generosity, and wit. He makes clear from the outset that the reach of his project extends well beyond the tale itself; he models a way of reading that applies to other Chaucerian texts as well and includes the recovery of significantly close reading, combined with a deconstructive approach. Such a fusion should not come as any surprise (except that it has never been so effectively applied to the Nun's Priest's Tale), for as Terry Eagleton recently reminded readers of poetry, the best theorists exemplify close reading and challenge others for not reading closely enough (How to Read a Poem [Oxford: Blackwell, 2007], 2). Travis is fully aware of the difficulty of prizing apart the ''nominals'' (25) of Chaucer, the Nun's Priest, and the narrator, nicely complicating (in dialogue with A. C. Spearing, among others) easy distinctions between author and narrator. In attempting to revitalize the ''rather tired gerund'' (25) of rereading, citing a host of contemporary theorists in the process, the author restates one of the basic tenets of allegorical reading, with which his practice has much in common. He very rightly emphasizes Derridean dissemination as the ''critique of the idea that any text, literary or otherwise, can be owned, controlled, limited, or appropriated in the name of some legitimate reading or authoritative source'' (17). Anxiety over control is always suggestive of an idolatry against which Travis, like Derrida, consistently warns one off. His emphasis runs the risk, however, of returning deconstruction to the level of facile, romantic petulance, which Derrida strenuously opposed when he defended reconstructing a dominant reading as an indispensible moment. In a book of this seriousness and weight, it


The problem of optimal full-order observers for continuous-time linear systems with colored process and measurement noises is considered. In such cases, optimal estimation of the state involves augmenting the system, thus a higher-order observer is required. The structure of a full-order observer is assumed and necessary conditions for the optimal observer are derived. The conditions are given for the general case where the intensity of the white-noise component of the measurement noise may be singular. The solution consists of a modified Riccati equation and a Lyapunov equation coupled by two projection matrices in the singular case and one projection matrix in the nonsingular case. >


This article focuses on comparing USA's and Europe's legislative attitude to establishing instrument approaches at uncontrolled airports. It tries to indicate the differences and the reasons which lead to these differences. The purpose is to identify things which are done correctly and should be followed as an example and, on the other hand, to recognize procedures which should not be followed and repeated.


428 P&T® • August 2010 • Vol. 35 No. 8 with epinephrine. The syringe actually contained 30 mL of epinephrine 1:1,000, which a nurse had drawn into a syringe. She had planned to add the drug to several bags of normal saline, but she was called away unexpectedly and left the unlabeled syringe on a tray near the patient. After a local injection of epinephrine into his limb, the patient's blood pressure increased, initially leading the staff to believe that he was experiencing malignant hyperthermia. However, the error was recognized after ventricular tachycardia and pulmonary edema developed. He was sent to the intensive-care unit and fortunately recovered without permanent harm.6


The collision detection in virtual scene can effectively improve the fidelity of virtual reality, however, the existing collision detection algorithm are not fully ideal. In this paper, a collision detection optimization algorithm based on hybrid bounding volumes is presented to improve the real-time ability of bounding volumes collision detection. The algorithm combines the simplicity of AABB-AABB overlap test with the tightness of k-dops. Bounding volumes binary trees of the objects are designed as double-layered structure, which employ AABBs at the top layer, and k-dops at other layers. The intersection test uses different methods to detect the contact status among objects. Quest tree method is used to speed up the algorithm. Experiment results show that the algorithm above is efficient in improving the real-time and accuracy of collision detecting.


This experiment was designed to replicate earlier findings in this laboratory that magnetic field exposure causes significant decreases in the Low Frequency (LF) component of human heart rate variability (HRV) and to also investigate the mechanism/s responsible for this field induced change. Thirty subjects were exposed to a 28 μT continuous circularly polarised 50 Hz magnetic field. Regional exposure was used in an attempt to identify whether the mechanism responsible for any effects was located at the level of the brain stem or at the site of the pacemaker, in the actual heart itself. Subjects received both whole body exposure (both head and heart exposed) as well as only heart exposed (head shielded). A mu-metal shield was used to screen the head from the magnetic field exposure. Periods of sham exposure and field exposure were compared for each exposure condition (shielded vs non-shielded). Results failed to replicate earlier findings of a significant decrease in the LF component of HRV. This result highlights the difficulty in replicating small but significant findings in research involving human volunteers even in carefully controlled laboratory conditions.


The authors have made a thorough study of both theory and method of the proposed joint optimized operation of the Supa river cascade hydropower plants by making full use of advanced computer technology and network technology and by using theory of systems engineering,mathematical statistics and dynamic planning based on the characteristics of the Supa river cascade hydropower plants.They have defined the items and objects,features and methods of the optimized operation,established the model of the optimized operation of the Supa river cascade hydropower plants,analyzed the technical alternatives of the optimized operation system and finally explained the functions of the optimized operation system of the cascade hydropower plants.


System of nonlinear equations is a collection of some nonlinear equations. The Newton-Raphson method and Jacobian method are methods used for solving systems of nonlinear equations. The Newton-Raphson methods uses first and second derivatives and indeed does perform better than the steepest descent method if the initial point is close to the minimizer. Jacobian method is a method of resolving equations through iteration process using simultaneous equations. If the Newton-Raphson methods and Jacobian methods are compared with the exact value, the Jacobian method is the closest to exact value but has more iterations . In this study the Newton-Raphson method gets the results faster than the Jacobian method (Newton-Raphson iteration method is 5 and 58 in the Jacobian iteration method). In this case, the Jacobian method gets results closer to the exact value.


Surire, Pb(Pb,Ca),, ,(COr)r(Al,Fe,Mg)dSi3.,Al0s3)O,o(OH), is a new clay-mineral species occurrlng as compact aggregates in the oxidation zone of the lead-zinc-copper deposits of the C r u z d e l S u r m i n e , A r g e n t i n a . S u r i t e i s m o n o c l i n i c , a : 5 . 2 2 , b : 8 . 9 7 , c : 1 6 . 3 4 , P : 9 6 . 1 ' , Z = 2; the space group is possibly P2,. Color white, luster glossy like talc; streak white, cleavage perfect {001}. Hardness (Mohs) 2-3, density (g/cms) 4.0 (meas). Optical ly anisotropic, colorless in thin section; refract ive indices a : 1.693(2), t : 1.738(2); paral lel ext inct ion and posit ive elongation. The wet-chemical analysis gave SiOr 23.58, Alr0s11.27, Fe,O,0 .41 , CaO 4 .75 , MgO 1 .29 , K ,O none, Na,O 0 .77 , H,O+ 3 .33 , H,O0 .39 , PbO 45.32 , CUO 0.07, CO"9.45, sum 100.63 percent. The X-ray powder pattern is characterized by a 16,4 reflect ion and i ts integral series to the l l th order. These ref lect ions do not expand upon ethylene glycol treatment. The X-ray powder study and chemical analysis of the dried acidtreated residue showed that this residue corresponds to a dioctahedral smectite. DTA-TG curves in air show an endotherm around 600' accompanied by weight loss, two exotherms at about 700o and 800', and an endotherm in the 700-800oC region. The two exotherms are not recognized in nitrogen. IR-spectra are composed of the absorption bands of a si l icate and carbonate. The structure of suri te is based upon a cerussite-l ike layer with vacant si tes for Pb intercalat ing with a 2:1 si l icate layer similar to dioctahedral smecti te. The name is for the local i ty.


Purpose: The present in-vitro study was conducted to comparatively evaluate, the effect of brushing on the surface roughness and colour stability of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Heat cure denture base resin after application of surface sealant. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 Poly (methyl methacrylate) Heat cure denture base resin samples of diameter 10mm and thickness of 2 mm were fabricated. The samples were divided into two groups, as uncoated (Group I, n=10) and coated (Group II, n=10) with Denture surface sealant. The surface roughness and colour stability of each sample in both the groups were evaluated with a 2D Surface Profilometer and Spectrophotometer respectively. The test samples of both the groups were subjected to brushing using an electronic tooth brush to simulate the brushing effect of oneyear duration. The test samples of both the groups, after brushing were evaluated again with a 2D Surface profilometer and Spectrophotometer. The measurements obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean Ra value for Group I and Group II before brushing was 13.54 and 7.45 respectively. The mean L*, a*, b* values of Group I before brushing was 46.191, 14.759 and -6.621 respectively. The mean L*, a*, b* values of Group II before brushing was 46.89, 13.159 and -5.478. The mean Ra value for Group I and Group II after brushing was 55.669 and 8.847 respectively. The mean L*, a*, b* values of Group I after brushing was 46.208, 13.829 and -6.978 respectively. The mean L*, a*, b* values of Group II after brushing was 47.099, 12.688 and -6.148 respectively. The E for Group I and Group II was 1.1820 and 1.1700 respectively. Conclusion: The uncoated PMMA samples had exhibited significantly higher surface roughness after brushing compared to that of coated PMMA samples. The brushing had no significant effect on colour stability of both the groups. The coated samples showed lesser colour change compared to uncoated after brushing without any statistical significance. The insignificant change in surface roughness and colour stability of the coated samples after brushing can be attributed to the coating of Palaseal denture surface sealant.


Abstract For much of its modern history, the notion of talent has been associated with the idea of 'careers open to talent'. Its emancipatory promise of upward social mobility has radically transformed the distribution of advantaged social positions and has had a lasting influence on the very idea of social status itself. Nevertheless, unlike concepts traditionally associated with distributive justice, e.g. fairness, (in)equality, desert, equality of opportunity as well as justice itself, the notion of talent has received only limited examination. This article discusses some of the most pressing problems and challenges arising out of a reductionist understanding of talents' anatomy and a distorted characterization of their overall distributive value. In particular, it aims to address those issues revolving around talents' anatomy existing conceptions of distributive justice leave either neglected or outrightly ignored. The introductory part outlines the basic egalitarian conception of equal opportunities and then proceed with the examination of fairness embedded in it. The central part of the paper identifies the key elements of talents' anatomy. We then discuss some of the implications egalitarianism either leaves out of the discussion or neglects. In particular, we challenge the idea of moral arbitrariness as the key mechanism to discard talents as a form of unfair advantage in the process of competition for advantaged social positions. In the final part, we outline two fundamental problems that call into question the cogency of egalitarian conceptions of talent(s) as a form of unfair disadvantage.


In the process of hydraulic transient, Cavities water hammer is more serious than the traditional water hammer, the gas content and gas release in the water is very important to establish the simulation model. Through the theoretical analysis of the gas release during the transient process of the hydraulic transient, there are two important conclusions are drawn: 1) the critical point is the boundary of the existence of bubbles. 2) the critical pressure p* is always less than the water vaporization pressure PV, and the bubble radius of RO is greater, the critical pressure is closer to the vaporization pressure of water. Put the water vaporization pressure constant value for the constant pressure of the drying cavity is consistent with the actual, served as a moment of containing gas rate calculation method. Finally it puts forward the consideration of gas release water hammer mathematic model.


The present issue of Acta Oncologica contains studies presented at the 15th Acta Oncologica Symposium, held in Aarhus, Denmark on June 13–16, 2017. The symposium was dedicated to aspects of Biology-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy (BiGART) and attracted more than 200 physicians, physicists, radiobiologists and other scientists with an active interest in this specific area. Acta Oncologica has sponsored scientific symposia since the late 80s. The aim of these meetings has been to focus on oncological issues of emerging interest, preferably with a multidisciplinary and multi-professional approach. The current series of Acta Oncologica meetings with focus on radiotherapy (RT) have encompassed stereotactic body RT (SBRT) [1], image-guided RT [2], particle RT [3] and BiGART [4–6], all reflecting development in RT during the last decennium within the fields of treatment planning [7–12], (biological) imaging [13–33], adoptive RT, [34–44] particle therapy [45–50], clinical outcome [51–63], quality assurance [64,65], and other important factors [66–72]. The aim of BiGART is treatment adaptation in time and space based on biological and anatomical features, maximizing the therapeutic ratio for each individual patient. Key topics for the BiGART2017 conference included:


If musical works are abstract objects, which cannot enter into causal relations, then how can we refer to musical works or know anything about them? Worse, how can any of our musical experiences be experiences of musical works? It would be nice to be able to sidestep these questions altogether. One way to do that would be to take musical works to be concrete objects. In this paper, we defend a theory according to which musical works are concrete objects. In particular, the theory that we defend takes musical works to be fusions of performances. We defend this view from a series of objections, the first two of which are raised by Julian Dodd in a recent paper and the last of which is suggested by some comments of his in an earlier paper.


The invention discloses an ex vitro rooting method of sugarcane test tube plantlets, which comprises the following production procedures of: (1) establishing a sterile culture system; (2) proliferating and expanding; (3) transplanting single rootless test tube plantlets to a nursery for ex vitro rooting and seedlings growing; and (4) transplanting to a large field. With the method, the sterile culture rooting procedure in a culture room is omitted, the rooting culture operations and the rooting culture conditions of the sugarcane test tube plantlets are simplified, and the complex operating procedures of culture medium preparation, high pressure sterilization, sterile tube transfer on a clean bench, constant temperature and humidity culture in the culture room and the like are omitted. The ex vitro rooting method of the rootless sugarcane test tube plantlets is simple in operation and can be operated in a natural environment, the production cost of sugarcane test tubes is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.


Authors have suggested that considering the ethical and social aspects of prenatal testing could be seen as an individual responsibility for patients, but no conceptual grounds have been provided for this thesis. I argue that Candace Cummins Gauthier's account of "moral responsibility as a virtue", developed as an attempt to reconcile notions of autonomy and community, provides such basis.


Inthis paper, effects ofrotor abnormalities suchas etc(5). Different methods havebeenproposed forrotor fault broken squirrel-cage bars, broken cageconnectors ofinduction detection. Forexample, themostwell-known approaches for machines arepresented. Thecharacteristics ofaninduction diagnosis of brokenrotor barsininduction machines are machine arechanged byinterior faults. Recently, theinduction basedon themonitoring andprocessing ofthestator currents. machines modeling forrotor fault analysis arebased onthemesh Byprocessing thestator currents, other harmonics detect inthe current modeling buttheapproaches areverycomplex and sidebands around thefundamental harmonic inthelinecurrent, expensive. Inthis paper, simulation results fortwotypes ofinterior machinetorque, rotorspeed andaxialflux.Thesideband faults suchassquirrel-cage barsandringsegments brokenare c illustrated intheasymmetrical modelofinduction machines. Thiscomponents around thefundamental oftheline current spectrum modelcouldseparately calculate end-ring andbarscurrent in areusually detectthe brokenbarfaults whilethe lowerandupper healthy andfault conditions. Simulation results showthat,sidebands areduetoa brokenbarsandtorque oscillations, noticeable lowfrequency harmonic modulation inthethree phaserespectively. Themotor-load inertia also affects themagnitude of stator currents andelectromagnetic torque. Low frequency these sidebands. Fourier series performed ontheonephaseof harmonic modulations insteady-state condition aremoreeffective stator currents. Duetothebroken rotor bars, extra harmonics are thanstarting condition. Bytheprocedure, thebarsandringsappeared inthestator currents. Inbroken rotor barsconditions, current aresimply calculated inhealthy andfault conditions (1), (2).amplitude offundamental frequency andleft sideband instator Theadvantages ofthisprocedure aresimply andpossibility to currents areindicated. Therotorspeed, frequency andamplitude calculate barsorrings current, electromagnetic torque androtorofthevoltage sourcehavetoconsider constant forbroken rotor speed Inrotor fault conditions. barsdetection byFourier series. Inthis paper, thetheoretical Index terms- Asymmetrical Model, BarsBroken, BarsCurrent, analysis ofrotorinterior faults inaninduction machines is Segments Broken, Segments Current, Squirrel-cage Induction presented. Theinduction machines based onthestator, rings and Machines. barscurrents forinterior rotorfault condition aremodeled. The simulation results illustrated that forasymmetric conditions (in interior rotor fault) thelowfrequency modulations inthree phase


Being able to perform in-depth chat with humans in a closed domain is a precondition before an open-domain chatbot can be ever claimed. In this work, we take a close look at the movie domain and present a large-scale high-quality corpus with fine-grained annotations in hope of pushing the limit of movie-domain chatbots. We propose a unified, readily scalable neural approach which reconciles all subtasks like intent prediction and knowledge retrieval. The model is first pretrained on the huge general-domain data, then finetuned on our corpus. We show this simple neural approach trained on high-quality data is able to outperform commercial systems replying on complex rules. On both the static and interactive tests, we find responses generated by our system exhibits remarkably good engagement and sensibleness close to human-written ones. We further analyze the limits of our work and point out potential directions for future work


A practical, highly convergent, asymmetric synthesis of a selective PPARγ modulator 1 is described. The inhibitor contains two key components, a 6-trifluoromethoxy-3-acylindole (6) and (R)-α-aryloxybutanoic acid derivative (10). Two methods were developed to overcome the regioselectivity issues encountered in the preparation of the 6-substituted indole. The first involved an intramolecular Heck reaction of an iodoaryl enamine. The second involved application of a catalytic Meerwein arylation reaction between 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxyaniline and isopropenyl acetate and subsequent reductive cyclization. The α-aryloxybutanoic acid was prepared via an asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding α-aryloxy-α,β-unsaturated acid. Tetrabutylammonium iodide-catalyzed coupling of the two fragments and ester hydrolysis completed the convergent synthesis. The described convergent synthesis was used to prepare >3 kg of drug substance 1 in 50% overall yield and with >99.5% ee.


The study aimed to identify the characteristics of accidents caused by venomous animals in the west region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data were collected in the information system based on its Surveillance Database of Santa Catarina (DIVE/SC),


A novel artificial immune-based algorithm in predicting forest cover types with cartographic variables, referred to as POOTAI, is presented. Firstly, the definition of immune cell, antibody, and antigen are given. Then, the dynamic models of immune response, immune regulation and immune memory are evolved, and the corresponding equations are established. Finally, it is tested by the well-known forest cover types data set of UCI (University of California at Irvine) and compared with other known algorithms. POOTAI shows that the classification accuracy is increased to 90.17%, which is higher than other classification algorithms. It has some good features such as continuous learning, dynamic adjustment, characteristics memory, and etc.


The estim ation of tooth wear pa ttern belongs to the commonest metod employed for the age determ inatgion on the red-deer Cervus elaphus). This technique is based on the fact that the teeth of juvenile specimens are provided w ith deep crests the depth of which decreases in course of time. The m ethod is commonly used by hunters in order to determ ine the age of shot males of the roe deer, red deer, and moose. In the 1960s, a num ber of scholars began to estim ate the age of cervids, considering the am ount of layers in the dentine of in cement; of them , Mitchell (1963) determ inated the age of Cervus elaphus, while Klevezal and K leinenberg (1967) did it for Capreolus capreolus.


Novel micro sands flocculation technology was developed, such as optimization of design, additive combination, hydrodynamic condition and participation velocity. The results showed that micro sands flocculation technology can treat wastewater better than normal technology. Some optimum parameters in micro sands flocculation technology were obtained to support its commercial application.


The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition of Levamlodipine or its medicinal salts and addition salts with Atorvastatin or its medicinal salts, and the use of the pharmaceutical composition in preparing medicament for treating mixed type hypertension and lipidemia.


A new threshold voltage variation monitoring circuit is introduced which utilizes a stochastic comparator group. It occupies minimal area, only requires a DC input stimulus voltage, and performs digital DC measurement. Traditional methods have required the measurement of the variation in a ring oscillator frequency. Our method circumvents the need for AC measurements, and accelerates the accumulation of data by incorporating stochastic properties into the circuit.


Atomically dispersed Fe–N–C materials recently hold great interest in costly Pt substitution for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cells. However, the heat treatment involved in the ma...


A device and method are provided for applying a glowing trail onto a surface on a playmat of material that glows in the dark, which lasts only for a limited time depending on the type and strength of the light and playmat material. The trail can be generated by a game piece that moves on the playmat, or a game board.


An advantage of the cyclotron in proton therapy is the continuous (CW) beam output which reduces complexity and response time in the dosimetry requirements and beam controls. A CW accelerator requires isochronous particle orbits at all energies through the acceleration cycle and present compact isochronous cyclotrons for proton therapy reach only 250 MeV (kinetic energy) which is required for patient treatment, but low for full Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) capability. PCT specifications need 300-330 MeV in order for protons to transit the human body. Recent innovations in nonscaling FFAG design have achieved isochronous performance in a compact (~3 m radius) design at these higher energies. Preliminary isochronous designs are presented here. Lower energy beams can be efficiently extracted for patient treatment without changes to the acceleration cycle and magnet currents.


Growth—the progressive change in size and complexity of a person as he moves toward maturity—is often viewed as anatomy's "fourth dimension." It is the "dimension" that provides change: change in size, in proportionality, in morphology, in spatial relationships of structures, in complexity, as well as profound changes in the child's psychological and behavioral framework. As we all appreciate, an adult is not just a very large infant; instead, different tissues and structures have their own agespecific patterns of growth, which accounts for our pretty good ability to determine someone's age simply from their proportions (as in a photograph) without regard to their absolute size.


The nonlinear property of SiC multilayer devices under Ultra Violet (UV) irradiation is used to design an optical processor for indoor positioning. The transducers combine the simultaneous demultiplexing operation with the photodetection and self-amplification. Moreover, we present a way to achieve indoor positioning using the parity bits and the navigation syndrome. A 4 bit representation with the original string colour message and the transmitted 7 bit string, the encoding and decoding accurate positional information processes and the design of SiC navigation syndrome generators are discussed. The visible multilateration method estimates the device's position by using the MUX signal received from several, non-collinear transmitters. The location and motion information is found by mapping position and estimates the location areas.


Effect of amount and size of γ′ phase on strengthening and hardening effect has been investigated in Fe 28Ni 13Cr 1W 1.5Mo 2Ti 0.5Nb 0.2Al superalloy in different aging conditions. After 16 hours′ aging, hardening effect was increased with increase of aging temperatures from 650 to 730℃, because the increasing rate of the size of γ′ was small (from 7 to 14nm), and the amount increased markedly. From 730 to 760℃, before dislocations moved in Orowan way, the amount of γ′ increased continuously with increase aging temperatures, but the size increased obviously, hardening effect decreased obviously. The results also showed that the hardening effect of small γ′ was better than the same amount of coarse γ′ at room temperature if the size of precipitates was in the range that dislocations passed through in cutting way.


"Big Top" nectarines picked at two dates (Pick 1 and Pick 2) and treated at harvest with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μL/L 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) when fruit ripening had already started were kept at 20 C until control fruit softened. Ethylene production was lowered by 0.25 and 1.0 μL/L doses in Pick 1 fruits and by all the doses in Pick 2 fruits. Fruit softening was delayed, but at the end of shelf life, treated fruits were as soft as the controls. Total volatile production was lowered by 0.25 and 1.0 μL/L doses in Pick 2 fruits. 1-MCP influenced the aroma composition at the end of shelf life, yet it was not always dose dependent. Consequently, 1-MCP changed fruit odor pattern by influencing the distribution of lactone odor units, the major odor contributors, reducing the "overmature " note and enhancing the "fresh" note.


Along with the setting and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development,the construction of life style,which is an important part of development of people's livelihood,has become an important issue of Scientific Outlook on Development which prominently facing us.Under the guidance of Marxism,the dialectic relationship of Scientific Outlook on Development and construction of life style is discussed,and it is pointed out that the Scientific Outlook on Development demonstrating the direction for the construction of life style,and the construction of life style guaranteeing the setting and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development.Based on it,the scientific connotation of construction of life style is excavated,and the demand of people's livelihood of construction of life style is explored in the visual threshold of Scientific Outlook on Development.


Aims and objectives: Recent findings on the mechanisms of lexical access suggest that bilinguals are sensitive to the orthographic structure of their languages. Several studies have demonstrated that if presented with language-specific sub-lexical information, bilingual adults use this information to speed up word recognition, which provides evidence for language-selective lexical access. In the present study, we investigated the presence of such an early language detection mechanism in children. Methodology: Forty-six balanced bilingual third-graders performed two seemingly monolingual lexical decision tasks, one in English and one in German, including nonwords with different degrees of word-likeness in each language. Data and analysis: Accuracy scores and reaction times were analyzed for nonwords using mixed-effects models with the statistical software R. Findings: Results show no impact of language-specific sub-lexical information on children's performance in either task. We argue that bilingual lexical access is initially language-nonselective, and that sensitivity to language-specific orthographic structures first emerges over time. In contrast to bilingual adults, language detection in bilingual children is exclusively based on lexical information. Originality: The present study provides first data on the detection mechanism for language membership at the early stages of bilingual reading development. We are the first to demonstrate an important difference in the architecture of the bilingual lexicon between children and adults. Implications: Findings contribute to knowledge on the development of lexical access in bilinguals and pose limitations to the generalizability of the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+) extended model.


In this work, partially homomorphic encryption algorithm based on elliptic curves is implemented. The established algorithm allows performing operations of encryption, addition and decryption of various aspects of the system. One of the possible applications of the algorithm is the creation of the depersonalization protocol in the electronic voting systems with different scales. The mathematical model of algorithm and mathematical models of basic analogues, among which it is possible to distinguish the algorithm of Paillier, which is also homomorphic according to the addition operation, are given. Comparison of fast-acting is executed between the algorithm based on elliptic curves and algorithm of Paillier at correlative cryptoproof lengths of the keys.


Based on SWOT analysis,this paper discusses the knowledge production and knowledge consumption of enterprise,and puts forward that the core of enterprise knowledge management is how to produce the knowledge adapted to market demands effectively and how to utilize the new knowledge with low cost.


This article is a guide for counseling researchers wishing to communicate the methods and results of their qualitative research to varied audiences. The authors posit that the first step in effectively communicating qualitative research is the development of strong qualitative research skills. To this end, the authors review a process model for developing such competence and emphasize the importance of research paradigm and philosophy-of-science knowledge for the competent researcher. The authors present characteristics of strong qualitative writing and highlight the concept of "thick description." The article includes a recommended structure for presenting the qualitative study and provides suggestions for targeting writing for different audiences. The authors conclude with suggestions for graduate students considering conducting qualitative dissertations.


Background Previous studies have found that practicing psychologists hold different attitudes than psychology students towards complementary therapies in clinical practice. These differences may relate to psychologists' knowledge of complementary therapies and their use in clinical practice. The use of complementary therapies among consumers for physical and psychological concerns is increasing, but many lack empirical evidence. Objective Previous studies have explored attitudes with samples of registered psychologists and psychology students, but no empirical studies have examined this among academic professionals who work predominantly in tertiary or research roles. This study investigated whether the personal experience of complementary therapies influenced professional psychologists' and academic professionals' attitudes towards complementary therapies in clinical practice. Method Professional psychologists (n = 134) and academic professionals (n = 106) participated in an online cross‐sectional study. An existing scale measuring psychologists' attitudes towards complementary therapies explored the attitudes of professional psychologists and academic professionals. Results Results demonstrated that professional psychologists held more positive attitudes towards complementary therapies and had greater personal use of these therapies than academic professionals. Conclusions The findings from this study raises questions about whether personal experience biases a professional's view of complementary therapies in clinical practice or facilitates a more sophisticated comprehension of their role in clinical care. The research further supports variations in attitudes in sub‐groups of psychology, which may stimulate more collaborative and reciprocal work on complementary therapies within education, research and practice.


This study detailed the effect of simultaneous multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the characteristics of an aerated lagoon, located in a semi-arid Mediterranean region (Sfax city, Tunisia). The plant performance was evaluated through descriptive and statistical analysis of quantity and quality data of both raw wastewaters and treated effluents over a period of six years (1991-1996). Poor performance was shown to be attributed to raw wastewaters quality, expansion of the population and its activities, rainwater, bad functioning of the grit chamber and ventilation conditions. Furthermore, the influence of other factors related to the industrial atmospheric contribution appeared to be non-negligible.


Varicose veins are the most common human vascular disease. For the past two decades, intravenous destruction techniques, laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) are some of these intravenous techniques which have been used as an alternative to the surgical removal of saphenous varicose veins. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 35 patients with venous insufficiency of the lower extremities who were referred to Razi Hospital Vascular Surgery Clinic, during the first 6 months of 2019. Patients were treated with RF and UGFS which were performed by a vascular surgeon. A checklist with necessary information was prepared for patients individually. The sexual frequency of patients with 25 cases (71.4%) was male and 10 cases (28.6%) were female. Totally, 25 cases (71.4%) were treated by sclerotherapy method and 10 cases (28.6%) were treated by RF. The results of our study showed that there was no significant difference in Ddimer within 24 hours before the surgery (P = 0.625) but the mean of Ddimer one week and two weeks after surgery showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The results of our study showed that the level of D-dimer 24 hours before the surgery was not significantly different between the two treatment methods, however, one and two weeks after the surgery, the level of D-dimer was significantly higher in patients receiving sclerotherapy and RF with no difference in the final side effects of the two treatment methods.


"Never before had the Bohemians engaged in such a magnificent ride" (p. 2). It is after this phrase from an old Czech chronicler that Thomas Fudge, who teaches at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, borrows the title of his interesting and engaging study of Hussite Bohemia. Fudge's central thesis is that the Hussite movement of the first third of the fifteenth century represents a phenomenon that was distinct both from earlier heretical movements, such as the Waldensians and the Lollards, and from the Protestant Reformations that came later. It was a movement in its own right with a developed theology and a complex of myths that "redefined the social and religious structures of many communities and attempted experiments of revolutionary and lasting consequence" (p. 1). Chapters one and two provide a general overview of Bohemia on the eve of the Hussite movement and a narrative of events of the revolutionary years. Fudge emphasizes that "Jan Hus and the Hussite movement were the climax of a long and significant native Czech reform tradition" (p. 47) dating back to the mid-fourteenth century. Fudge states that the early fifteenth century witnessed a general crisis of society, politics, and religion that "prompted a variety of popular and official trends toward renovatio and reformatio" (p. 47). He goes on to describe the evolving struggle between the king, archbishop, and reforming party, and the emergence of the radical popular movement, which led in 1419 to open rebellion and revolution. Although the roles and actions of all the players are not fully reconciled, a feature that is to be attributed more to the state of the literature than to any shortcoming of Fudge, these two chapters succeed in providing a sensible, balanced, and much needed synthesis of the Hussites.


Traffic congestion is a phenomenon with which most drivers are familiar. It negatively affects drivers, city's residents and also the economic efficiency. Road pavement condition is one of the main causes of traffic congestion. Warning drivers of road pavement conditions is an effective and highly recommended solution to prevent a traffic jam before it actually occurs. Through this paper, we present a new strategy to reduce traffic congestion. We propose an unsupervised anomaly detection framework that predicts road obstacles. We suggest a well-motivated combination between the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Local outlier value factor (LOF) techniques for predicting obstacles in time series. This combination can potentially offer very promising results in terms of prediction accuracy. We illustrate significant performance gains achieved by our technique with respect to the conventional methods.


Introduction of a long alkyl chain between the nucleoside and the silica gel support was effective in DNA synthesis via the phosphotriester method. dApApApA containing 3′-terminal deoxyadenosine was successfully synthesized on the support by using N6-phthaloyldeoxyadenosine.


In spectral graph theory a graph with least eigenvalue −2 is exceptional if it is connected, has least eigenvalue greater than or equal to −2, and it is not a generalized line graph. A (κ, τ )-regular set S of a graph is a vertex subset, inducing a κ-regular subgraph such that every vertex not in S has τ neighbors in S. We present a recursive construction of all regular exceptional graphs as successive extensions by regular sets. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 05C50; Secondary 06A06.


Recently, as the rapid development of electronic information and wireless communication technologies, Communication and information shared between the vehicles become possible. In the case of vehicle communication, driver can know the information of vehicle in front of it, so the reaction time will be different with tradition. The vehicle information of this paper includes headway, acceleration and speed. Firstly, the experiment without vehicle information on driving simulator was done to verify the driving simulator. Then, the experiment with vehicle information on driving simulator was done and the data was analyzed. Finally, the results show that the reaction time with vehicle information obviously less than without vehicle information. The difference of reaction time caused by age increases, however the difference of reaction time caused by gender decreases.


Surface roughness of 193 nm resists after a dry etch process is one of the critical issues in the implementation of 193 nm lithography to sub- 100 nm technology nodes. Compared to commercial 248 nm resists, 193 nm photoresists exhibit significant roughness especially under the etch conditions for dielectrics, such as silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. While AFM analysis of DUV resists exhibit the mean roughness (Ra) of ~1 nm after blanket oxide etch, Ra's of 193 nm resists were found to be in the range of 4 to 7 nm depending on the chemical structure of the resist backbone. In an effort to develop 193 nm resists with improved post-etch roughness (PER), we carried out exhaustive screening of the available 193 nm resist platforms using bulk oxide etch followed by AFM analysis of the resist surface. Benchmarking results indicated that cyclic olefin copolymers, prepared by vinyl addition copolymerization of norbornene derivatives, exhibit significantly better PER than (meth)acrylic copolymers, cyclic olefin/maleic anhydride (COMA) copolymers, or COMA/(meth)acrylic copolymers (COMA hybrid). In this paper, are addressed various factors that influence PER of 193 nm resists and presented solutions to overcome etch inferiority with 193 nm resists for the real device fabrication.


There is an increased incidence of anal squamous carcinoma and its precursor lesions (anal intraepithelial neoplasia [AIN]) among persons who engage in anal‐receptive sex. Analogous to cervical cancer screening, anal Papanicplaou (Pap) smears currently are used to screen these high‐risk populations. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in anal carcinoma pathogenesis and this study was performed to assess the potential role of HPV DNA testing as an adjunct to anal cytology. We correlated cytological diagnoses and HPV DNA (Digene Hybrid Capture [HC II] assay) in anal specimens collected in SurePath liquid medium from 118 patients; 54.8% of cases diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and 87.8% diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or above tested positive for high‐ risk HPV DNA (B+). High‐grade SIL (HSIL) was present in 31 of the 51 patients with follow‐up. Although a cytological diagnosis of ASC‐US or above was a reliable indicator for AIN, cytology frequently did not accurately predict the grade of SIL in subsequent biopsy. Our findings suggest that reflex HPV DNA testing would be helpful in triaging patients diagnosed with ASC‐US. However, patients diagnosed with LSIL or above should go directly to ansocopic biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:152–156. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This short course will present the state-of-the-art in understanding RF power phenomena that detrimentally affect space, aircraft and terrestrial communications. Dramatic increase in communications capacity, bandwidth, number of carriers and antennas poses new challenges in handling the high RF power. These problems become ever more acute and critical for emerging and future RF systems. The short course addresses the following aspects: • Awareness of the diverse physical origins of RF power effects • Context of RF power impact on the communications devices • State-of-the-art in prediction (simulation), measurement and mitigation/correction of the high RF power effects • Standardization and specifications • Knowledge of existing means and actors in Europe Features of the RF power effects in the space, terrestrial and aircraft communications will be discussed. Main parts of the short course cover: • Multipactor theory and simulation methods, test and measurement methods • Secondary electron theory and measurement, surface conditions and conditioning • Corona theory and simulation methods, test and measurement methods • RF breakdown and plasma, avalanche, effect of pressure • Passive Intermodulation theory and simulation • Passive Intermodulation theory of distributed non-linearity, modeling and measurements • Standardization: present and future • Measurement means and simulation software Programme


The aim of this research is to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of database by building a security application used for protecting sensitive information stored in a database from disclosure. The first layer in security application is based on a password-based system. The password serves to authenticate the ID of the user logging on to the system. In order to prevent passwords from offline dictionary attacks and specific account attacks, an encryption process is executed using Message Digest 5 (MD5) hashing and salt hashing algorithms for concealing passwords stored in a database. The salt hashing prevents duplicate passwords from being visible in the password file and increases the difficulty of offline dictionary attacks. If an adversary tries to retrieve the password system data, a different password will be generated which is completely different from the original one. For maintaining the integrity of data, an auditing mechanism is embedded into the password-based system for monitoring all transactions and operations inside the database.


The paper proposes laminated sandwich-elements con taining electrorheological composite as a structural element, which enable des igning novel thin-wall structures with a locally varying rigidity and vibrostability for aer ospace engineering, ship-building, high-speed devices in mechanical engineering (machine tools, r obots), in transport means (controlled springs), in instrument fabrication, etc.


ABSTRACT The main aim of this article is to present inequalities for the numerical radius of commutators of positive matrices. Some of these inequalities are analogues of known inequalities for unitarily invariant norms. In particular, variants, but weaker forms, of the well-known Heinz inequality and its generalizations are extended to the context of numerical radius.


This thesis project was carried out at Scania in Sodertalje. The aim was to develop a model for the air temperature in a truck cabin. The model should simulate the truck temperature as it would hav ...


Deep etching of polyimide by O 2?based reactive ion etching(RIE)is studied.O 2,O 2/SF 6and O 2/CHF 3are respectively used as work gas to get the etching rate as functions of gas composition,RF power and work pressure.And the etching results of side?wall and bottom surface are studied,too.Very good etching results of high aspect?ratio(7,23μm?depth),smooth and vertical side?wall,plane and smooth bottom surface are acquired under certain condition by O 2/CHF 3 RIE.Also we find the interesting phenomena that with the constant O 2 flow and increase of CHF 3 flow,the profile of patterns etched by O 2/CHF 3 RIE changed with such order:inclining outside,vertical and inclining inside.The passivation model of CF 2?bond layer can explain it.


The increasing inequalities that educational exhibits Chile have been configured as a constant concern of the governments of our country, and their improvement has been one of his greatest challenges that concern is reflected in a steady and significant increase in resources devoted to improving this area. This article takes this problem and what looks from the phenomenon of Cultural Reproduction, Pierre Bourdieu. Stressing the central role played by the family and meets the educational development of their children, determining both the academic performance of students as strategies to be undertaken by the family and tend to perpetuate their social being. Coinciding with James Coleman who provides that family and social


This thesis explores late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century novels about Reconstruction in the American South, identifying a sub-genre of the historical novel
dedicated to narrating Reconstruction as revolutionary history. Operating at the margins of political and historical fiction, the writers studied excavate generic and temporal registers in the historical novel that enable them imagine revolution in ways that eschew a narrative of
transition designed to describe the bourgeois-democratic nation-state to the exclusion of plantation societies.
The Introduction examines the ways in which Reconstruction and its literature seem to negate critical languages and narrative models for discussing revolution. In response, it lays out the formal parameters of the historical novel of Reconstruction, focusing on an anachronistic treatment of historical time which acts as a rubric for imagining
revolutionary dynamics specific to plantation society. Each chapter pairs the political and literary lenses through which writers view Reconstruction as revolution. In Chapter One, George Washington Cable's allegorical form is explored alongside his account of a shifting public/private divide in the South. Chapter Two analyses Albion Tourgee's ambivalence towards the revolutionary state through his ironic account of sincerity as a means of
describing social custom. Chapter Three reads Charles Chesnutt and Frances Harper's adoption of the passing genre as expressive of the temporality of Reconstruction's
revolutionary event. Chapter Four investigates W.E.B. Du Bois' long development of a counterfactual narrative of the peasant political subject, from his unpublished first novel
Scorn: a Romance (1905) through Black Reconstruction (1935).
By reading narrative form in relation to political, legal and historiographical accounts of Reconstruction, the thesis argues that these writers do important theoretical work in framing revolution as an afterlife of slavery. In part through a reading of Chesnutt's The Marrow of Tradition (1901), the Conclusion elaborates on the aporetic nature of this theoretical work and its relationship to the kinds of revolutionary dynamic plotted through the thesis.


The energy-level spectrum of the protactinium atom (Pa, $Z=91$) is simulated with a configuration interaction calculation. Levels belonging to the separate manifolds of a given total angular momentum and parity ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ exhibit distinct properties of many-body quantum chaos. Moreover, an extremely strong enhancement of small perturbations takes place. As an example, effective three-electron interaction is investigated and found to play a significant role in the system. Chaotic properties of the eigenstates allow one to develop a statistical theory and predict probabilities of different processes in chaotic systems.


Based on the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space model, the problem of synthesizing the optimal finite word length 2-D state-space filter structures is considered. First, a frequency-weighted sensitivity measure is defined in place of the usual sensitivity measure. Two techniques are then developed for finding the set of optimal filter structures that minimize this frequency-weighted sensitivity measure over all the similarity transformations. One is analytically round by applying Lagrange's method and the other is iteratively done by using a gradient method. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed two techniques.


To study the inhibiting function of camptothecin over α-amylase,the inhibitory type is uncompetitive inhibition.Utilizing ultraviolet spectroscopy,we find that camptothecin can alter the molecular conformation of α-amylase.Utilizing fluorescence spectrometry we studied the mechanism of the interaction between camptothecin and α-amylase and calculated the combination constant KA=2.78×106(mol/L)-1and the number of combination sites n=1.2477.Provided some guidance to further explore camptothecin.


A species, new to Sweden, of gall-midge (Cecidomyiidae, Rabdophaga nov. sp.) was found in 1988 in biomass plantations of Salix viminalis L. Whilst feeding, the larvae kill the tip of the shoots resulting in cessation of terminal growth and subsequent side-shoot development. This kind of damage is considered to be severe, especially in nurseries producing cuttings. The objects of the present project are to investigate the importance of the gall midge as a pest in energy forests and to provide basic biological knowledge and assist in developing methods preventing further damage, by quantification of crop damage, both in terms of reduced production of cuttings in nurseries and effects on biomass production in energy forests, and studies in the life cycle, host range and population dynamics of the gall-midge. its


Under fictitious pretexts, Russia has unleashed an unprovoked war against Ukraine that is spreading beyond our country. One of the most tragic consequences of this war is the intensification of the global problem of hunger. Ukraine and Russia are among the leading suppliers of food to the global market – they account for 25.4% of world wheat exports and 17.6% of coarse grain. Forecasts of declining exports of their grain products have provoked an unprecedented rise in global food prices. The critical dependence of the global food market on Ukrainian agri-food exports has formed in the segment of sunflower oil – Ukraine accounts for almost 50% of the relevant market. As Ukraine's share in the structure of global sunflower oil production is 30.6%, it is impossible to find a replacement in the short term. Together with the risks of sanctions restrictions on Russian exports, this led to an increase in world prices for sunflower oil from 1,700 to 2,250 dollars for 1 t. Many poor countries that are currently facing a catastrophic food shortage are buyers of Ukrainian grain products – until recently, Ukraine was the main supplier of wheat grain to Ethiopia, Lebanon and Pakistan. Ukraine has been a major supplier of corn grain to China – in 2021 it accounted for 78.3% of Chinese imports of these products. Blocking the export of Ukrainian corn threatens to reduce the number of pigs in China and reduce the production of relevant products. The resumption of Ukrainian agri-food exports in the previous volumes is possible only if the cessation of hostilities, the return of control over all ports and the unblocking of Azov and Black Sea civilian shipping. Because the possibilities of logistics of transport communications on land do not exceed 1 million tons of grain per month. There are grounds for restrained optimism about Ukraine's domestic food security on the following basis: – the country has stocks of wheat, corn, sunflower oil, basic products for 3-5 years; – according to various forecasts in Ukraine this year is expected to produce cereals and legumes, technical and other crops in sufficient quantities for domestic food supply; – the forced sharp reduction in exports of Ukrainian grain products may lead to its redirection to the feeding of farm animals and increase meat production in areas where there is no fighting.


This work is an attempt to develop and validate a graphical dynamical model of an AEM electrolysis cell based on Bond Graphs, an energy based tool that allows to represent multiphysics systems. The model of the cell lays a foundation for developing a complete representation for AEM electrolysers which can be used for simulation as well as for developing control algorithms and fault diagnosis. Parameter identification and model validation is achieved using experimental data.


Despite the consensus in the medical discipline that certain treatments lack scientific evidence and are worthless if not potentially dangerous, the promotion and selling of fake cures advertised as safe and effective has long plagued health care systems, praying on vulnerable patients and their loved ones. The web and social media are now playing a fundamental role in the propagation of non-science-based treatments and fraudulent medical claims, and in the rise of false health and lifestyle experts. This study combines criminological and computer science expertise to explore and critically analyze the Twitter presence of providers of non-science-based anticancer treatments and their active supporters in the English-speaking online community to investigate their structural relationships and to analyze the characteristics of the most popular actors. The features of the social network observed indicate that there is not a stable community of promoters and supporters of non-science-based medical treatments in the Twittersphere, suggesting the lack of a defined subculture and the presence of transient collectives rather than identifiable groups. Nonetheless, it is possible to observe dynamic conversational networks clustering around popular actors, tweets, and themes, prompting avenues for further research.


The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) is calling on the government to boost its target of recruiting 3,400 midwives to tackle severe shortages in England.


Abstract I chose this topic in order to examine, on the one hand, the different ways in which students can improve their knowledge of a foreign language, but also of their mother tongue, through the use of translation; on the other hand, I intend to illustrate a series of didactic strategies for teaching translation as an independent activity, as a skill in itself, which needs to be developed and can be used by students both in interlingual and intercultural communication processes and in their future jobs as translators or interpreters.


This paper examines the various frequencies of EMR produced by typical remote area power supply systems (RAPS). The strengths of these fields are measured using various types of monitoring equipment and the health hazards assessed.


In the context of the SUCRETTE project, the CIRAD (Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement), in collaboration with Spot Image Company, conducts research activities to study the potentialities of remote sensing for sugarcane monitoring. Among different operational products that can be derived from satellite images, we present here how a time series of SPOT4 & 5 satellite data could be used as a decision support tool for planting survey and harvest monitoring of small-scale cane fields. A pilot study was set up in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) where the individual sugarcane fields are progressively mapped in the framework of the AGRIGUA project. The objectives were to provide the fraction of harvested fields throughout the milling season and a summary map of ploughed fields at the end of the planting season. The spectral properties of the different cane field status - full covered green canopy, stressed canopy, crop residues and bare soil - showed that harvested and ploughed fields could be easily mapped with high accuracy (more then 90%) thanks to a field-base approach. The resulting maps were then integrated within a decision support system devoted to sugarcane management. This on-shelf GIS permits to visualize maps and edit monthly statistics of the management practices in each administrative area. (Resume d'auteur)


To clarify the color of porcelain fused to metal crowns, We examined opaque porcelain baked on a metal base using a color and color difference meter. The following types of materials were used in fabricating the sample:(1) 84.3% Au-Pt-Pd-Ag alloy, (2) 81.9% Pd-Cu-Ga alloy, (3) 77.0% Ni-Cr alloy, (4) Yellow color opaque porcelains; B1O, B2O, B3O and B4O. The hiding effect on the color of the metal base was examined.The following results were obtaind:1. The color of the opaque porcelain fused to the metal was affected by the opaque porcelain color in the case of a 0.10-0.20 mm thick opaque porcelain layer. The hiding effect on the color of the metal base was greater for dark than light colored opaque porcelain. Layers thicker than 0.25 mm were not affected by the opaque porcelain color.2. The color of opaque porcelain fused to the metal was affected by the metal color for 0.10-0.20 mm thick opaque porcelain layers. The hiding effect on the color of the metal base was as follows; Au-Pt-Pd-Ag alloy was the highest, followed by Ni-Cr alloy, with Pd-Cu-Ga alloy being the lowest. Layers thicker than 0.25mm were not affected by the metal color.


The dependence of the turbidity in yeast suspensions treated with various amounts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the percentage of killed cells provides a means for the determination of the germicidal effect. Empirical equations which describe the observed relationship between turbidity and mortality were derived, and turbidity measurements necessary to estimate the killed fractions of the sample were described. The time course of the germicidal action of CTAB upon yeast cells was observed by using this method. The turbidity change thereby observed can be accounted for by the change in cell volume resulting from the cell degeneration. Some observations on different microbes treated with various germicides suggest that the present method may be applicable to other kinds of germicides and microbes.


OCTOBER 107, Winter 2004, pp. 169–76. © 2004 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Gestalt and Concept" © 2004 Fannei & Walz Verlag, Berlin. This text is a fragment of a larger manuscript that was never published and probably never finished. The ideas expressed in it are close enough to those in Carl Einstein's Georges Braque (1934) to suggest that it dates from around the same time. In several unpublished letters dating from 1930–31 to Ewald Wasmuth, Einstein wrote of his plan to publish his "aesthetics," which he described as a collection of essays; it seems probable that "Gestalt and Concept" was part of this unfinished project.1 Even as a fragment, it remains one of Einstein's most important—and brilliant—theoretical texts. The German word "Gestalt" has been left in the original because no common English translation of it seemed entirely satisfactory given its somewhat idiosyncratic meaning for Einstein. It is not synonymous with "form," "structure," or "figure"; as Einstein writes in a passage of the essay not excerpted here, form, in contrast to the amorphous, dynamic richness of gestalt, "means delimitation, impoverishment, exclusion of the Real." Gestalt denotes the opposite of these attributes; it signifies the raw, unmediated subjective experience of inner and outer phenomena prior to any articulation in form or concept; it signifies process as opposed to fixity, thinking as opposed to knowing. And here art is identified not with form but with gestalt, with the concrete, the visionary; it is opposed to conceptualization and cognition. It strives "to contest deadly generalizations and the rationalisitic impoverishment of the world, to sever the chains of causality, to unravel the web of significations." And it achieves this through the "proliferation of gestalt, such that the deadly, ever more pervasive order is combated and destroyed by an intensified disorder, i.e., by a continually renewed gestalt formation."


The invention relates to a method and system for organizing a decentralized network for controlling a plurality of devices and is used for organizing the control of a smart home system. The technical result consists in enhancing the operational reliability and configuration flexibility of system architecture. A method for organizing a decentralized network for controlling a plurality of devices includes: first, initializing each control module (CM); generating a functional element (FE) for controlling the function of a device related to a CM; generating a named input (NI) for an FE; generating a named output (NO) related to the NI; linking the NI and the NO; cyclically exchanging messages, including: transmitting an identification message (IM) from the named output of the FE; receiving the identification message to the NI; performing the function of the FE related to the NI of the FE. Wherein each of the devices incorporates a CM, containing: an FE, input/output ports, a processor and a transceiver. Wherein each FE contains lists of: named inputs/named outputs and messages to be sent.


A low bit-rate compression is required for underwater images due to the limited bandwidth in underwater acoustic communication, which limits performances of both machine analysis and human perception in most underwater applications. Few existing compression methods consider the unique characteristics of underwater images such as color shift and haze effect to better fulfill requirements of various applications under low bit-rates. To address this problem, we propose a novel extreme underwater image compression framework, which can provide scalability to support machine vision and human vision with the assistance of underwater priors. Specifically, the base layer is composed of a feature extractor and a generator, where global structural edges and high-level features of regions with a significant impact on machine analysis are extracted and used for reconstructing a feature-matching image for analysis purpose. Considering the negative influence of underwater imaging processes on machine vision, in this article, a feature degradation removal module guided by underwater priors is proposed to alleviate feature-level degradation via taking analysis-friendly enhanced images as auxiliary information. As for the enhancement layer aiming for human vision, the residual between the original image and the reconstruction from base layer is compressed. A feature attention block and a background light recovery block are designed utilizing features extracted from enhanced images and the underwater before further recovering the original scene with a good perception quality under low bit-rates. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our framework in both machine vision tasks and perception quality compared with traditional compression methods and learned-based methods.


According to the characteristic of automation of distribution networks, a fault location technology is proposed.This paper pre-sents a distribution networks fault location system based on computer and network instruments. The operating principle、hardware structure of the system and design thinking of software are analyzed. Design scenario and working process of high speed data collection are also de-scribed in detail.It characterizes high stability、high reliability、high precision and convenient maintenance, what is more , it has net con-nection with computer to realize long-distance monitor control of electric parameter .


Holcim USA, Inc. operates a large cement manufacturing facility in South Carolina near Holly Hill. Here, limestone is quarried to supply the raw material for cement manufacturing. As the quarrying has progressed over the last several years the moisture content in the limestone has risen to levels that are now adversely affecting the production rate of cement. The Earth Sciences and Resources Institute at the University of South Carolina (ESRI-SC) has been working with Holcim at their Holly Hill quarry for three years devising groundwater management strategies to lower the moisture content of the limestone prior to it being quarried. The fundamental approach to moisture reduction is a system of deep trenches that facilitate the dewatering of the limestone by lowering the water table. Prior to implementation of the trench system, ESRI-SC conducted a detailed study of the geologic, hydrogeologic, and hydrologic situation in and around the quarry. A borehole fluid displacement test with surface electrical resistivity tracking the NaCl as it was displaced from the well, and a well to well tracer test using NaCl were performed. The results of these tests are being used to improve the prediction of the effect of the trench system on moisture reduction in the limestone.


The purpose of this study was to assess the current use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in benign tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract through a case series and a literature review.


The invention relates to rotating shaft air feed rotary piston machine. It includes rotating shaft and air feed cabin. And the rotating shaft is set axial air induction channel and radial air induction hole. And it is set in stator air chamber by sealed bearing seat. The stator air chamber is set rotator air chamber. It is set intake hole connected to radial air induction hole. The stator air chamber is set air nozzle. The rotator is set exhaust hole. It has the advantages of energy saving, safe, long useful life, economic, and environment protecting.


Pathways to Youth Leadership was an Erasmus+: Youth in Action long term training involving 24 youngsters from 12 countries. Grant cuts required squeezing the residential programme, originally planned to last three weeks, into two. That is why, after taking part in the Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange (E+VE) training, we successfully added five VE sessions to the project. Youth work relies on personal interaction, experiential learning, and non-formal education. Transferring that into online interaction has been our greatest innovation and challenge. In our field, there is resistance to online activities, but the Covid-19 pandemic is changing this. We need to practise online facilitation, develop the required skills, and define the role E+VE can play in youth work.


A total of 358 shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates recovered from humans between 1987 and 2002 in Shizuoka prefecture were examined to determine the prevalence of serovar, shiga toxin (Stx) type, drug-resistance and phage type (O157) . On serological and Stx typing test , the majority (213; 60.7%) of STEC isolates were identified as O157 : H7 (130 producing Stx1/2 , 80 producing Stx2, and 3 producing Stx1). On antibiotic susceptibility test using 12 drugs (ABPC , TC, SM, CPFX, KM, NA, FOM, CP, CTX, ST, TMP and GM), 116 STEC isolates (36 .6%) were resistant to some of the drugs, and they showed 12 drug-resistance patterns . The most prevalent drug-resistance pattern was SM/TC (35; 30.2%). 7 STEC 0111 isolates (53 .8%) were resistant to 3 to 7 drugs . On phage typing scheme (0157), 222 STEC O157 isolates were classified into 27 phage


Contains links relevant to United States Urban History, including New York, Boston, Chicago, San Franciso, Los Angeles, Cleveland, Rochester, Houston


The main purpose of this thesis is to explore if tactile marketing can be utilized in the FMCG environment and how this will affect consumers. This is done by including a tactile element, in this thesis a swatch of velvet, in the package design of two products with different underlying purchase motivations. The potential pitfall when utilizing tactile marketing in the retailing environment – consumer contamination – is also examined to see whether there is a negative effect on consumers' evaluation and action intentions when they know that others have previously touched the products.


The local anodic oxidation process allows creating a constantly-heighted local dielectric mask. In the course of mask formation the scanning probe moves over a particular surface area applying simultaneous constant bias voltage in each scanning point (these bias voltage impulses have the same value and duration). It is obvious that if we need to create a dielectric mask with a different oxide thickness or a height-modulated film, it is necessary to vary the impulse duration or its value at different scanning field areas. This investigation illustrates the possibility of creating a height-modulated oxide by applying the method of local anodic oxidation based on any greyscale modulated mask when the impulse duration and its magnitude is varied proportionally to the gray scale intensity.


Reference models are of normative, universal nature and provide a solution schema for specific problems by depicting best or common-practice approaches. The configuration of these reference models has been a field of research in the past. However, the integrative configuration of different reference models or respectively reference models serving multiple purposes lacks of applicable methods. In practice this is a common problem as the simultaneous implementation of an enterprise resource planning system and a management information system shows. We provide a method that allows the integrative configuration of conceptual models for transaction processing and decision support by integrating meta models for modeling languages. In addition, we exemplarily show its application to extend an existing reference model.


Objective To study the effect of surfactin on Eimeria tenella in chickens and determineits haemolysis activity.Methods The 150 broilers of 7 days were randomly separated into five groups as described following: group of infection without medicine,with amprolium,with surfactin by infusion,with surfactin by muscle injection and check group without infection and medicine,respectively.Those groups of infection were treated by infusing 1×105 oocyst.Dung of broilers was collected at the 7th day and anticoccidial effect was observed at the 9th days after infection.Hemolysis activity of surfactin was determined by colorimetry.Results Anticoccidial index(ACI) of different groups including group of infection without medicine,with amprolium,with surfactin by infusion,with surfactin by muscle injection were 14.02,190.20,163.97 and 107.07,respectively.Hemolysis analysis showed that the hemolysis of surfactin was increased along with the concentration increasing.Conclusion The surfactin has moderate effect against E.tenella precocious by taking orally,but its effect is lower than amprolium,and effect by muscle injection one time is lower than that of by taking orally more times.Hemolysis experiment demonstrates that the surfactin has hemolysis activity.


There is a different perspective between the typical Craftsman Businessman and the Opportunistic Entrepreneur. Business cannot be separated from the risk but the courage (recklessness) is also not the best solution. The era of economic openness has shown the world community on how the changing business strategy model continues to move dynamically so that the business strategy is also changing and developing. The mistake of many businessmen, especially for the beginner businessmen is the mistake in interpreting innovation as a business strategy. Innovation can turn into a disaster if it's done without proper planning and understanding of the business market.


For more than fifteen uninterrupted years, conditional cash transfer programmes ( ccts ) have been used with the purpose of alleviating poverty in Mexico. H...


Objective To observe the tendency of the plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) before and after thrombolytic treatment of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to explore their recanalization predictive value of PAI-1 and TAFI for acute myocardial infarction patients with thrombolytic treatment.Methods Sixty patients,who received thromobolytic treatment from January 2007 to March 2009,were prospectively recruited.The blood sample were collected within 2 hours of thromobolytic treatment ( 0,0.5 h,1 h,1.5 h and 2 h).The plasma concentration of TAFI and PAI-1 were test by ELISA.16 healthy people were recruited as control group.Results The plasma levels of PAI-1 in STEMI patients before thrombolytic treatment were higher than those of Control group ( P <0.01 ),however the same significant change of TAFI level was not seen.The levels of TAFI were no significant difference before and after thrombolytic therapy during whole observation periods.However,the level of PAI-1 increased at 1.5 h and 2 h after thrombolytic therapy (P < 0.01 ).The plasma PAI-1 levels of no - revascularigation group at 2 h after thrombolytic therapy were significant higher than that in revascularization group ( P < 0.05 ).The levels of TAFI were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions The decrease of plasma PAI-1 from high level within 2 hours after thrombolysis treament may be exploring the predictive value for revascularization.The tendency of TAFI can' t forecast the result of revascularization.

Key words:
Acute myocardial infarction;  STEMI ;  Thrombolystic therapy ;  rt-PA ;  TAFI ;  PAI-1 ;  Recanalization/revascularization;  predictive value


The short-term effects of temperature on deammonification sludge were evaluated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Mathematical modeling was used for further evaluations of different intermittent aeration strategies for achieving high and stable deammonification performance at decreasing temperatures. As for the biomass cultivated at high temperatures (e.g., 30 °C), a higher temperature dependency (the adjusted Arrhenius coefficient θ for 11–17 °C = 1.71 vs. θ for 17–30 °C = 1.12) on the specific anammox growth rates was found at lower temperatures (11–17 °C) in comparison with higher temperatures (17–30 °C). Further evaluations of recovering the nitrogen removal efficiency at decreasing temperatures with the mathematical model by modifying the intermittent aeration strategies (aeration frequency (F) and the ratio (R) between non-aerated (non-aer) phase and aerated (aer) phase durations) indicated that intermittent aeration with a prolonged non-aerated phase (e.g., R ≥ 4 regardless of F value) would help to maintain high and stable deammonification performance (~80%) at decreasing temperatures (14–22 °C). Extending the non-aerated phases (increasing R) and reducing the frequency (F) of off/on phase changes have a positive effect on increasing energy savings, leading to increasing interest in this method.


Abstract : This paper considers the optimal control structure for multi-shop (Part I: Parallel, Part II: Series) systems, where the input to the shop system is random and the shop output is determined by the number of workers in the shop. The number of workers available to the system is held constant, while control is exercised in discrete time by adjusting the allocation of workers to the various shops in the system. There is a cost for transferring workers. Additionally, there is a cost of holding backlog in the system. The control objective is to minimize the sum of these costs over an infinite horizon. It is shown that for some regions of the system's state space the optimal control policies are known exactly without resorting to computational methods. For other regions it is shown that the problem can be decomposed into subproblems of reduced complexity. Finally, an inertia (hysteresis) property is established which reduces the number of policy combinations which must be considered in some dases, and completely eliminates the necessity to determine policy in other cases. The net result is a substantial reduction in the computer storage and computational effort required to solve for the optimal control policy.


The study aimed at gaining a deep understanding and finding out the implementation of character based learning model at Roudhotut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School, Rembang, Central Java. This study was considered as qualitative research. It was commonly conducted in natural settings where the researcher paid much attention to the social context. Method of data collection was conducted to gather the responses and any information about the behaviors from the participants. Qualitative approach was employed to analyze the data relying on the results of the interview and the secondary data from the original sources as well. The numeric data were employed in purpose of avoiding a subjective perspective derived from the analysis of the results of the interview. According to the results, this study concluded that some efforts and plans had been carried out to build the students' character. Furthermore, the school rules were clearly stated in the rule book presenting about preparing the classroom duties, asking permission, breaking the rules and the consequences. The teachers also guided the students in mastering Qur'an reading, writing, and memorization as well.


The freeze time?the thickness of the frozen wall and the temperature field behavior of the frozen wall are the major factors in freezing construction. In the past years detailed analysis about the temperature field behavior of the frozen wall with single row of freezing pipes has been done, and now there have been useful and practical rule and calculation formulas for us to refer to. Following the development of the society, it is urgent to make use of freezing method under double or even more rows of freezing pipes in many practical engineering projects for some special reasons. Nevertheless, the analysis about the development and the changing character of the temperature field in the frozen wall with double or even more rows of freezing pipes is scarce. In this paper, the development and changing features of the temperature field in the frozen wall with single and double rows of freezing pipes are analyzed in detail with the ANSYS Finite Element Calculation Software, referring to one engineering project. Water having different thermal conductivity and different specific heat in two different phases is taken into account in the analysis. Again the thermal exchanging coefficient of the freezing pipes is considered varying with changing temperature contrast. \ \ The temperature field behavior under such condition is gotten from the analysis. The conclusion about the superiority of the freezing method under double rows of freeze pipes condition is drawn, that freeze time can be shortened largely, and the freeze efficiency can be improved largely, and the average temperature in the effective thickness of the frozen wall descends largely. This conclusion has significant guidance meaning in choosing the project of freezing construction. The simplified calculation method about the average temperature in the effective thickness of the frozen wall under double rows of freeze pipes condition is discussed in this paper,too.


Variable structure control is robust to external disturbance and interior parameters perturbation while the uncertain factors such as parameters variation meet the "matching condition", but it is somewhat difficult to find the bounds of uncertain parameters. Proposes a novel strategy of variable structure model reference adaptive system(VS-MRAS) observers for the speed identification of a sensorless vector controlled induction motor drive. This strategy combines MRAS with variable structure control to improve the veracity of flux observer and to improve the accuracy of speed identification making use of MRAS adaptive ability of the variation of system parameters to estimate variable boundary of uncertainty factorss in real time. The dynamic and static performance of the speed estimate is compared and analyzed for three cases that are the vector control system with encoder, the speed sensorless vector control system based on MRAS, and the VS-MRAS respectively. Simulation results verified that this strategy improves the veracity of fluxes observers and the dynamic and static performance of the speed estimation.


Observer translation relative to the world creates image flow that expands from the observer's direction of translation (heading) from which the observer can recover heading direction. Yet, the image flow is often more complex, depending on rotation of the eye, scene layout and translation velocity. A number of models [1-4] have been proposed on how the human visual system extracts heading from flow in a neurophysiologically plausible way. These models represent heading by a set of neurons that respond to large image flow patterns and receive input from motion sensed at different image locations. We analysed these models to determine the exact receptive field of these heading detectors. We find most models predict that, contrary to widespread believe, the contributing motion sensors have a preferred motion directed circularly rather than radially around the detector's preferred heading. Moreover, the results suggest to look for more refined structure within the circular flow, such as bi-circularity or local motion-opponency.


A novel application of probabilistic prediction for estimating mm-wave attenuation due to varying weather conditions is developed. Validation of atmospheric propagation models in the W/V-bands has progressed greatly in past years, but the confidence of their predictions has not been validated. The Natural Gradient Boosting (NGBoost) algorithm is tested against a deep neural network to estimate atmospheric attenuation on a 72 GHz terrestrial link and to demonstrate the ability to produce prediction confidence estimates.


Working Papers The publications in this series record the work and thinking of IWMI researchers, and knowledge that the Institute's scientific management feels is worthy of documenting. This series will ensure that scientific data and other information gathered or prepared as a part of the research work of the Institute are recorded and referenced. Working Papers could include project reports, case studies, conference or workshop proceedings, discussion papers or reports on progress of research, country-specific research reports, monographs, etc. Working Papers may be copublished, by IWMI and partner organizations. Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Each report is reviewed internally by IWMI staff. The reports are published and distributed both in hard copy and electronically (www.iwmi. org) and where possible all data and analyses will be available as separate downloadable files. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. About IWMI IWMI's mission is to improve the management of land and water resources for food, livelihoods and the environment. In serving this mission, IWMI concentrates on the integration of policies, technologies and management systems to achieve workable solutions to real problems—practical, relevant results in the field of irrigation and water and land resources. / water storage / river basins / groundwater / water power / soil water content / wetlands / reservoirs / Ethiopia / Ghana / Acknowledgements We are grateful for the assistance provided by Kingsley Kurukulasuriya in editing the final draft of this paper.


This document describes a general Data Validation and Certification Server (DVCS) and the protocols to be used when communicating with it. The Data Validation and Certification Server is a Trusted Third Party (TTP) that can be used as one component in building reliable non-repudiation services.


In this study, under multi-agent environment, we introduce a notion of probabilistic Nash equilibrium into reinforcement learning method. Here we take an approach of mixed Nash strategy based on correlated technique in terms of Local Effect functions. We examine some experiment results to show some ideal properties for cooperative approach.