ABSTRACT For decades British engineers have been seen as playing an inadequate role in industry. Their restricted roles have been ascribed to diverse causes and conditions: as 'under-educated' for the grounding to lead companies to 'world class' status; as 'under-utilized' by employment in technical support roles; and as 'under-professionalized' in a supposed generally anti-engineering national culture. This study of young graduate engineers seeks to disentangle these blanket characterizations by differentiating between the sectoral and cross-national motive forces in an allegedly ubiquitous 'British engineer problem'. Our evidence suggests that restricted jobs and careers are sectoral, as opposed to general, phenomena. In some sectors, a 'crowding' of engineers and under-recruitment of technician grades results from overreliance on a labour supply of standard, degree-level, qualification sources. Other important influences on work roles and careers are graduate engineers' orientations to work, and engineers' own microcorporate culture. Many British graduate engineers feel over-qualified for tasks, but German engineers are divided into the graduates of more theoretical university degrees and the graduates of more practically-focused vocational college degrees (Fachhochschule) responsible for more applied tasks. Within the British complex of occupational crowding and distance between technicians' and engineers' tasks, most engineers prefer not 'high-flying', managerial careers but work involving engineering know-how. A defensive and subordinate-occupational culture in engineering departments, rather than an independent professional or enterprise one, results from these factors. The analysis concludes with an assessment of its implications for recent reforms to the qualifying procedures for engineering graduates.


Friction stir welding currently a new emerging assembling process, which comes under solid state joining process. This research paper provides information related to the basic principles of the friction stir welding technique, procedure parameters for it and the research and advancements in this field. The basic principles include schematic and terminology used for FSW. FSW's numerous advantages when compared with the other conventional welding processes are also represented in this article. Different welding process parameters including joint configuration, tool profile designing, and temperature control are discussed by some researchers for producing sound weld. The most recent applications are additionally examined, the greater part of which are ongoing advances in aeronautic trade, car industry, and ship building and so on.


A 12-year-old girl with G M1 gangliosidosis had been well until 5 years of age when she first developed spasticity and slow progressive intellectual deterioration. When assayed with artificial substrates ( p -nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-galactoside), βgalactosidase activity was virtually absent in leukocytes, urinary protein, and cultured fibroblasts. Enzyme activity was also decreased when the natural substrates G M1 ganglioside (5% of control cells) and ceramide lactoside (24% of control cells) were used. Cerebroside βgalactosidase activity was in the high normal range. We propose a new nomenclature for the G M1 gangliosidoses in which this patient would be classified as having the juvenile O variant.


Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that expand during cancer, inflammation and infection, and that have a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses. These cells constitute a unique component of the immune system that regulates immune responses in healthy individuals and in the context of various diseases. In this Review, we discuss the origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit. PMID: 19197294 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC2828349Free PMC Article http://my.webmd.com/content/article/63/72090.htm Cannabis May Suppress Immune System Could Lead to New Autoimmune Disorder Treatments, Say Researchers April 15, 2003 -Cannabis may offer hope to people with autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Cannabis seems to decrease inflammation in the body by suppressing certain parts of the immune system. Researchers are hoping this finding will lead to new treatments. Previous studies have hinted at immune system abnormalities among cannabis users -specifically, in the function of immune system cells called T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. While these cells help the body fight infections, no direct link with lowered immunity has yet been shown. In this study, researchers tested the blood of 29 cannabis smokers -13 occasional users and 16 regular users (weekly or daily use). They compared the results with a group of 32 nonsmokers. Again, researchers found that cannabis smokers had fewer immune-enhancing natural killer cells and lymphocytes, and higher levels of a protein that may promote tumor growth, called interleukin-10. These changes can dampen the immune system's response to infection, increasing susceptibility to infections and promoting growth of tumors, states lead researcher Roberta Pacifici, PhD, with the Instituto Superiore di Sanita in Rome, Italy. But researchers also say this finding could lead to new treatments for people with autoimmune disorders. Current treatments suppress the immune system -thereby calming the abnormal immune response that plagues people with the conditions. Cannabis lowers levels of the inflammation-promoting protein interleukin-2 and raises levels of the anti-inflammatory protein interleukin-10. Both of these findings could be of potential benefit for treating autoimmune disorders one day.


Data fusion has been defined as a process dealing with the association, correlation, and combination of data and information from multiple sources to achieve refined position and identity estimates for entities, and complete and timely assessments of related situations and threats, and their significance. This process (sometimes labeled a "technology") is pervasive, i.e. capable of broad, multi-domain application. Indeed, data fusion has found extensive application in the commercial/industrial sector as well, in areas such as robotics and process control, and for numerous applications requiring intelligent, autonomous processes and capabilities. One of the purposes of this paper is to describe the evolving standard description of the data fusion process ascribed to by the U.S. Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Data Fusion Subpanel (a Department of Defense organization), as well as components of the attendant lexicon and taxonomy. While the specific definitions of a "situation assessment (SA)" and a "threat assessment (TA)" have proven to be problem-dependent for most defense applications, these notions generally encompass a large quantity of knowledge which reflect the (dynamic) constituency-dependency relationships among objects of various classes as well as events and activities of interest. Formulation of hypotheses about situations and threats is a process having the following properties: • it employs many types of knowledge • it must consider multiple, asynchronous activities • multiple types of dynamic and static data must be processed • numerous sub-networks of interest in the situation/threat picture (numerous constituency-dependency relationships) exist—this leads to feedforward/backward inferencing requirements • information-processing strategies are required to produce estimates of aggregated force structures (given individual unit positions and identities), as well as aggregated behaviors (given individual events or activities) • the situational or threat state is often ephemeral and thus temporal reasoning capabilities must be part of the process The paper expands on the processes and techniques involved in SA and TA analysis, and describes, from various points of view, why the blackboard paradigm is properly applicable to problems of SA and TA analysis. This assessment includes various trade-off factors (features, benefits, and disadvantages or complexities) in applying blackboard concepts to data fusion related reasoning processes. Specific research and development by the authors and synthesis of the results of a survey on data fusion applications (shown within) has led to the formulation of a recommended generic, ideal blackboard architecture for these defense problems described in the paper.


The paper shortly narrates developing state of measuring technique for GPS,lists fealures of GPS in measurement,emphatically introduces the possessd secret of GPS in survey in large place of state,the tunnel survey for control,the survey of extra bridge controlling,the tranverse survey as well as the applied fruits of aerial survey.Finally,it puts forward the looking into the future of GPS survey.


The degrees estimation of the plasticity resource use at modeling of technological operations, related to blanks destruction is developed. The process of drawing with wall thinning is used to obtain axisymmetric parts in a batch and large-scale productions.


Simple Summary One of the outstanding problems in pest control is the extensive use of synthetic compounds characterized by concerns such as risks to non-target organisms, slow degradation, and development of resistance. For these reasons, the interest in more ecofriendly pesticides, such as botanicals, is progressively increased in the last two decades. In this regard, having recently found that essential oil obtained by wild hop has biological activity against Sitophilus granarius, here we checked whether and how three different crude extracts obtained by the same hop ecotype also presented toxicity (contact, ingestion, inhalation) and/or repellent activity against the same insect, which is one of the most damaging pests of stored products. Results reposted here clearly show that, in addition to the essential oil, hop crude extracts (methanol, acetone, and n-hexane) preserve interesting activities against pests. Moreover, since they can be easily obtained and produce high yields, hop crude extracts could represent a valid tool for S. granarius control. Abstract The use of bioinsecticides, rather than synthetic compounds, appears a goal to be pursued in pest control, especially for species such as Sitophilus granarius (L.) which attack stored products. Since Humulus lupulus (L.) is a remarkable source of bioactive compounds, this study investigated the bioactivity of hop flower extracts against S. granarius adults by evaluating toxic (contact, inhalation, and ingestion), repellent, antifeedant, and nutritional effects as well as their anticholinesterase activity and olfactory sensitivity. Hop extracts were obtained by soaking dried and ground hop cones in solvents of decreasing polarity: methanol, acetone, and n-hexane. Dried crude extracts were resuspended in each solvent, and used in topical application, ingestion, and fumigation toxicity assays, as well as in contact and short-range repellency tests, in vitro anticholinesterase activity evaluation, and electroantennographic tests. No inhalation toxicity for the extracts was found. On the contrary, all extracts showed adult contact toxicity 24 h after treatment (LD50/LD90 16.17/33.20, 25.77/42.64, and 31.07/49.48 µg/adult for acetone, n-hexane, and methanol extracts, respectively); negligible variations for these values at 48 h were found. The anticholinesterase activity shown by all extracts suggested that the inhibition of this enzyme was one of the mechanisms of action. Interestingly, flour disk bioassays revealed a significant ingestion toxicity for the acetone extract and a lower toxicity for the other two extracts. Moreover, all extracts affected insect nutritional parameters, at the highest dose checked. Filter paper and two-choice pitfall bioassays showed repellent activity and a strong reduction of insect orientation to a highly attractive food odor source, with minor differences among extracts, respectively. Finally, the presence of volatile compounds in the different extracts that are perceived by insect antennae was confirmed by electroantennography. All these findings strongly suggest a possible use of hop cone extracts against S. granarius, thus further confirming this plant as an interesting species for pest control.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a saquinavir intermediate. The preparation method comprises the steps of: enabling (1S, 2S)-(1-benzyl-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) tert-butyl carbamate and methylsulfonyl chloride to be subjected to methyl sulfonylation in triethylamine and methylbenzene and in the nitrogen environment so as to obtain (1S, 2S)-(1-benzyl-3-chloro-2-methanesulfonic acid propyl) tert-butyl carbamate; enabling (1S, 2S)-(1-benzyl-3-chloro-2-methanesulfonic acid propyl) tert-butyl carbamate to react with metallic acetate at the presence of 18-crown ether-6 and methylbenzene to obtain (1S, 2R)-(1-benzyl-3-chloro-2-acetic acid propyl) tert-butyl carbamate; mixing (1S, 2R)-(1-benzyl-3-chloro-2- acetic acid propyl) tert-butyl carbamate with KOH, THF and ethanol, and reacting to obtain (2R, 3S)-1,2-epoxy-3-tert-butyloxycarboryl amino-4-phenyl butane. The preparation method of the saquinavir intermediate is short in reaction time and high in yield.


The Effects of Acid Contact Time and Rock Surfaces on Acid Fracture Conductivity. (August 2007) Maria Georgina Melendez Castillo, B.S., La Universidad del Zulia Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ding Zhu The conductivity created in acid fracturing is a competition between two phenomena: etching of the rock surface and weakening of the rock. This study presents experimental results of acid fracturing conductivity experiments with polymer gelled acid, while varying contact time and rock type. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory facility properly scaled from field to laboratory conditions to account for the hydrodynamic effects that take place in the field. The rocks of study were Indiana limestone, San Andres dolomite and Texas Cream chalk. Our results illustrate that acid fracturing conductivity is governed by the etching pattern of the rock surface and influenced by the hardness of the rock. If channels are created, the fracture is more likely to retain conductivity after closure. The hardness of the rock is the dominating factor to determine the conductivity response when no channeling is present. Among the rocks tested, Texas Cream chalk had the lowest hardness measurement before and after acidizing and the fracture closed at a much lower stress compared with limestone and dolomite. Dolomite had the highest conductivity under all closure stresses even without a channeling pattern. Additionally, it was observed that a higher reduction in rock strength at the contact points for dolomite yielded lower conductivity after closure. The effects of hardness variation on conductivity are higher in dolomite than in limestone and chalk. It is apparent that longer contact times do not always provide higher conductivity after closure.


Survey practitioners are challenged to meet the ever rising demand for microdata files while protecting the confidentiality of the individual data provider. Data ~ g toots are becoming quite sophisticated which is an aid to survey Iracfitioners, but also a potential tool to data snoops. Additionally, ~ is a perception that participation in surveys is declining world wide; partially due to a rising concern about confidentiality. Thus, survey practitioners must thoroughly protect the identity Of the individual respondents. However, it is also important to retain the usefulness of the original data and for inferences made from masked data to be no stronger than those made from the original data. This paper details the prepm~tion of the public release data file for the Federal Reserve Board' s Survey of Consmner Finances (SCI~, a triennial household survey that includes data on finances, employment, and demograt~cs. We detail our experiences from the 1989, and 1992 surveys. Including this introduction, there are six sections. A brief summary of the literature on disclosure methodology is provided in the second se~on. Next, we describe the SCF, the sample design, data collected, and disclosure issues. In the fourth section, we detail the disclosure strategy currently used in the SCF. The effects of the disclosure adjustments on selected estimates are presented next. We summarize our experience and discuss future plans in the last section.


The invention discloses a reliability evaluation method of interconnection parts between layers, and relates to the field of semiconductor device testing. The method includes: providing a tested semiconductor device, wherein the semiconductor device includes a two-port resistance network; acquiring correspondence relations between access resistance at at least one port of the two-port resistance network in an ideal case of no to-be-detected defect in the interconnection parts between the layers and N when N is different values; measuring the access resistance at the at least one port of the two-port resistance network; and determining a level, which corresponds to an access resistance value obtained by measurement, on the basis of the correspondence relations. According to the method of the invention, a location of an interconnection part, on which a defect occurs, between layers can be quickly located, detection time and steps can be effectively reduced, and detection efficiency can be improved.


Any kind of intelligible actions performed by us is made of some use of our understanding of being which has already been there beforehand; otherwise there will be no such intelligible actions. If there are no intelligible actions in us, the meaning of us as human beings is completely lost, because we as human beings living or existing in the world only have one basic state which is characterized by Heidegger"s sense of being-in-the-world. Being-in-the-world means we are always somewhat intelligible in the world, and this intelligibility is made up of our understanding of being.


the nationalist uses language to define the nation's character and experience in a way that will provide a rationale for its continued existence. Lacking such a rationale and the mental picture of itself which that rationale helps to provide, no society can stay together. Language thus becomes an instrument to be employed in the fashioning of a nationalist ideology which itself becomes a tool designed for a particular purpose, the integrating of the human elements in a given geographical area into a coherent, self-conscious whole. In the course of fulfilling that purpose, nationalist ideology, like ideologies generally, often does violence to truth and masks reality. Yet rhetoric of this sort, however much it deals in distortion, may still reflect something fundamental in the character of the society to whose mystique it attempts to give expression. Often it does this inadvertently by revealing a certain character trait in the act of focusing on something quite different. Thus the nationalist, in talking about his nation's accomplishments, may reveal pride, superiority, or arrogance. In dilating upon his country's prospects for the future, he may reveal optimism, excessive self-confidence, or a will to power. In this way he may, in spite of himself, make an unintended gesture in the direction of reality. Less inflated rhetoric may make this same gesture in other ways, intentionally, and not as a result of error or oversight. Depending on how good or conscientious an historian he is, the nationalist may find himself limited in what he can make of his nation's history and character by the circumstances of that history and the nature of that character. He may try to dramatize his nation's experience by employing striking and memorable language, or by emphasizing those elements in it that make it (in his view) unique and superior. He will not, however, depart from reality entirely, he will not indulge in unlimited flights of fancy, for he knows that history will not sustain him on such a journey. And so he hovers only a little distance above the earth, the temptation to use forceful and dramatic language having yielded to a prosaic and even homely way of speaking about his country's experience. Nationalist rhetoric, then, may unintentionally or by design defer to reality. Two rhetorical devices commonly employed in Canada and the United States suggest the truth of these observations. The term "melting pot," in widespread use to delineate the character of American society, does reflect something fundamental in that society, although in a manner its enthusiasts have not perhaps


me (PTS) and other venous outflow pathologies have led to worldwide use of endovascular techniques in these disorders. PTS is a relative frequently occurring disease following acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), most frequently of the lower extremity. DVT itself has an incidence of 1-2 per 1000 individuals annually;1 PTS develops in 20-50% of these.2 The most important risk factors for PTS development in DVT patients are recurrent ipsilateral thrombosis, residual obstruction or reflux after the DVT, proximal location of the thrombosis (especially at the level of


In the last 15 years, increasing evidence linking epigenetics to various aspects of cancer biology has prompted the investigation of histone post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and histone variants in the context of clinical samples. The studies performed so far demonstrated the potential of this type of investigations for the discovery of both potential epigenetic biomarkers for patient stratification and novel epigenetic mechanisms potentially targetable for cancer therapy. Although traditionally the analysis of histones in clinical samples was performed through antibody‐based methods, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a more powerful tool for the unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative investigation of histone PTMs and variants. MS has been extensively used for the analysis of epigenetic marks in cell lines and animal tissue and, thanks to recent technological advances, is now ready to be applied also to clinical samples. In this review, we will provide an overview on the quantitative MS‐based analysis of histones, their PTMs and their variants in cancer clinical samples, highlighting current achievements and future perspectives for this novel field of research. Among the different MS‐based approaches currently available for histone PTM profiling, we will focus on the 'bottom‐up' strategy, namely the analysis of short proteolytic peptides, as it has been already successfully employed for the analysis of clinical samples.


Recently, self-supervised pretraining has achieved impressive results in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the dominant sequence-to-sequence (S2S) E2E model is still hard to fully utilize the self-supervised pretraining methods because its decoder is conditioned on acoustic representation thus cannot be pretrained separately. In this paper, we propose a pretrained Transformer (Preformer) S2S ASR architecture based on hybrid CTC/attention E2E models to fully utilize the pretrained acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs). In our framework, the encoder is initialized with a pretrained AM (wav2vec2.0). The Preformer leverages CTC as an auxiliary task during training and inference. Furthermore, we design a one-cross decoder (OCD), which relaxes the dependence on acoustic representations so that it can be initialized with pretrained LM (DistilGPT2). Experiments are conducted on the AISHELL-1 corpus and achieve a 4.6% character error rate (CER) on the test set. Compared with our vanilla hybrid CTC/attention Transformer baseline, our proposed CTC/attention-based Preformer yields 27% relative CER reduction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to utilize both pretrained AM and LM in a S2S ASR system.


In view of serious growing noise pollution,this article expounds the damage of sound environment pollution,analyzes the causes of noise pollution,and puts forward governing measures and suggestions in detail,so as to provide urban citizens with a quiet and comfortable residential environment.


The pseudorandom binary sequence is applied to the parameter estimation of discrete-time systems. The proposed method, based on correlation analysis and system theory, requires a smaller number of correlators than the other methods. The estimates of the parameters are shown to be asymptotically unbiased.


Based on the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, microwave power efficiency is investigated, as a function of the structure and position of feed port(s), and the size and position of the samples in the applied field, and results from the simulation are compared to the current literature. The study shows that feed port position, and sample size and position have considerable influence on the microwave power efficiency, and that multi-port feeding increases the temperature-uniformity of exposed samples.


Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County is in Tianshui, located in the southeast of Gansu Province and has a population of 320 thousand,207 thousand of which are of Hui ethnicity.During Eid in 2011,I went back to my hometown of Zhangjiachuan,and Xiaolong,a Hui farmer from Xiyaowan village,and his family, took me to visit a Mosque temple and Hui families to witness the festival and Hui customs with my own eyes.


Habitat quality and its availability affect the structure of communities at a variety of different spatial and environmental scales, including habitat and landscape levels. Analyses conducted at multiple scales have demonstrated the importance of landscape patterns with regard to community structure. We used a multi-scale approach to better understand the composition of small mammal communities in central Brazil. We delimited 24 sampling units for the purpose of investigating the response of small mammal composition at the habitat, patch, and landscape scales, while evaluating quality and availability of habitat in each patch, as well as landscape configuration and landscape composition. We used a Mantel correlogram to check for spatial autocorrelation, and partial redundancy analysis to correlate the matrix of species composition with the matrix of environmental variables. Small mammal composition was spatially structured and correlated with variables at all environmental scales: vegetation structure (fallen logs, lianas, and canopy cover), habitat patch (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), and landscape composition (total core area—a forest cover metric). Our findings show evidence of the limited dispersal capacity of small mammals and the importance of habitat quality at habitat and patch scales, and habitat availability at the landscape scale, for small mammal composition. This study highlights the importance of a multi-scale approach for understanding community structure in a human-altered landscape.


Data availability is an important issue for self-organizing systems, which include both Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In P2P systems, the problem of data availability is solved by replicating data across the network. However, this approach wastes resources, and so is not appropriate for MANETs where resource frugality is essential. Unlike P2P systems, MANETs routing protocols require real-time features to cope with a highly dynamic environment, and efficient synchronization mechanisms to guarantee consistent updates of routing information. Unfortunately, due to the semantics of the languages that are most used in network programming, such mechanisms are extremely hard or even impossible to implement in efficient way. To build an application capable of meeting almost all of these requirements, while providing a framework capable of evolving over time, we propose an approach that is based on DSA.


One of the bewildering conceptions within the realm of cognitive science has been the perception of meaning and understanding, which has inadequately been approached by previous theories of cognition. Recently, there have been radical shifts in developments in cognitive science toward the theory of Embodiment. On the word of this newfangled standpoint, it is widely accepted that body plays a central role in meaning making. In this novel approach, making linguistic meanings which is closely related to our actions is precisely the point.  Several investigations have endeavored to provide the estimates of embodiment by examining the effect of body movements on cognition. A considerable amount of literature has proved that the cognitive capacities are constructed and dependent on the bodily actions through the interaction with the external world.


Much more than just a how-to-succed-in-college book, Living and Learning shows you that learning is an active, life-long activity - one that adds zest, meaning, and direction using the world as the classroom. In Chapter 1, the Coreys ask you to look back on earlier educational experiences and determine how past experiences have influenced the kind of learner you might become in college. Chapter 2 discusses values, goals, and multiple learning styles. Living and Learning includes excellent chapters on managing time, note-taking and memory, using campus resources, cultural diversity, sex, stress, and many other key areas.


The sections in this article are

1
Introduction

2
Respiratory Motion

3
Modulation of k-Space

4
Motion-Induced Phase Shifts During TE

5
Intensity of Moving Structures

6
Displacement During TR

7
Periodicity of Motion

8
Summary

9
Biographical Sketch

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The complex approach to regulate the process of formation of the competitive environment at different market levels – municipal, regional and national is considered in the paper. On the basis of adjusting influence of power structures of a corresponding hierarchical level. Besides there are given some suggestions to use tax regulators and budgetary subsidizing for the purposes to maximize economic growth of territories on the basis of the competitive environment development.


A new approach to obtaining oil and water flow rates in producing horizontal wells has been developed using a pulsedneutron tool. This approach uses separate measurements of oi I and water velocities in combination with separate holdup measurements to obtain the flow rates. The velocity measurement uses both water-soluble and oilsoluble chemical markers, each of which is insoluble in the other fluid phase for the measurement. The markers are injected into the borehole by a logging tool at one location and detected by a pulsed neutron tool at a second location. The transit time between injection and detection of the marker gives a measurement of the fluid velocity. Since the markers are soluble in only one phase, the velocity of each phase can be measured separately. This measurement has been made under both laboratory and field conditions to measure velocities from 10 to 500 ft/min at horizontal and several degrees deviation from horizontal. The results of these tests show good linearity and repeatability of the measurement. Tbe holdup measurement is performed using the inelastic data from a pulsed-neutron tool. With these data, it is possible to quantitatively obtain the holdup of all three phases by combining information from the inelastic near/far ratio with the near and far carbordoxygen ratio. This approach to the holdup measurement has been demonstrated using a combination of laboratory data, Monte Carlo modeling, and field data. The results of this study have demonstrated that the RMS accuracy of this measurement is about 6% on each of the three phases.


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Use of the Harvard Fire Simulation during the winter and spring of 1982 for the modelling of some Japanese fire situations was summarized for the May 1982 meeting of the Joint United States-Japan Panel on Fire Research. This paper is based on that summary.Enrichments to the "official" level V version of the Harvard fire simulation are discussed. These included interlayer mixing in the vicinity of vents and its effect on the room heat balance, and the inclusion of a wall burning algorithm as an option of the simulation. With these additions, the Harvard V model more closely simulates important phenomena in a burning room in the later stages of fire growth.


Sulfonylurea drugs stimulate endogenous insulin secretion by blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells. These drugs are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, as ATP-sensitive potassium channels also exist in cardiomyocytes and coronary and peripheral arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, sulfonylurea drug usage in theory may cause unwanted cardiovascular side effects. The purpose of the PhD project was to investigate this issue. In the first study, we assessed the effect of glibenclamide treatment on the coronary flow reserve induced by stimulation with adenosine or dipyridamole in closed-chest anaesthetized pigs. Glibenclamide had no effect on the resting blood flow, but reduced the coronary hyperaemia and the coronary flow reserve stimulated by adenosine or dipyridamole. This interaction may possibly interfere with the validity of adenosine- and dipyridamole-dependent tests for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide and motivates further studies in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging with adenosine stimulation. In the second study, we investigated electrocardiographic ST segment changes during coronary occlusion following ischaemic preconditioning in closed-chest anaesthetized pigs. We found that ischaemic preconditioning reduced the size of the myocardial infarction compared to control animals. Following ischaemic preconditioning, the electrocardiographic changes during renewed coronary occlusion consisted of an early phase of reduced ST segment elevation and a late phase of increased ST segment elevation. Thus, the ST segment shifts induced by ischaemic preconditioning were dynamic and critically time-dependent. The late phase of increased ST segment elevation despite presence of a protected myocardial state may possibly indicate opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and merits further studies using pharmacological modulators of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In the third study, we used a double blind, randomized crossover set-up in order to examine the effect of placebo or a single oral dose of glibenclamide on walking distance in non-diabetic patients with intermittent claudication. Compared to placebo, glibenclamide had no effect on neither the maximal and pain-free walking distances nor the ankle systolic blood pressure.


theories are (A) clausal nature of the infinitival structure, (B) semantic properties of infinitival clauses distinctive from the other imbedded clauses (i.e., finite clauses and gerundive clauses), and (C) related to the first item, hypothetical endorsement of the subject of the infinitival clause (i,e., overt and covert <=PRO)subjects), Needless to say, many difficulties are involved in the assignment of a grammatical category---SUBJECT---to a null


The title compounds have been prepared as analytical standards for the identification of chlorpromazine metabolites in biological materials. Unequivocal structural proof of key compounds was accomplished by using at least two unrelated syntheses for each one. Resistance of some phenothiazines to preparation via classic Smiles rearrangement is discussed. More examples are offered of halogen-induced Smiles rearrangement. A rare example of phenothiazine polymorphism is presented.


To study the immunization data reported by the primary health centre/sub-centre (PHC/SC) and validate them at the village level, and to also assess the quality of care during immunization. A sample of 20 PHCs, 13 rural and 7 tribal, was selected using a stratified random sampling. For every PHC, two SCs and for every SC, one village were selected. Data on immunization were collected from the PHC/SC records and were validated by interviewing five beneficiaries from the village. The process evaluation of immunization session was done wherever possible to assess the quality of care. The district availability of vaccines was 77.0 per cent while the overall accessibility was 90 per cent. Following validation, the gap between reported and validated data was 15 per cent and 25 per cent of reported utilization and coverage, respectively. Process evaluation revealed that the process was followed correctly at 62 per cent as per the assessment score. Only a part of the gap could be accounted for by the reasons justified by the service providers. However, a substantial part of the gap may be chiefly due to over-reporting mainly to meet the dictated targets. Process evaluation revealed lacunae in safe injection practices.


The invention relates to a method for actively introducing moisturising substances and/or cosmetic active ingredients into the skin of the human body. Said method is characterised in that the skin is brought into contact with the substances and/or active ingredients and a compression element is applied. The tissue is then caused to vibrate. Compression dressings (4) or bandages can constitute the compression element. In order to cause the tissue to vibrate, the person stands on a vibrating support (5), or the muscles of said person are stimulated by electric stimulation.


Accelerating the legislation of the protection of farmers' rights and interests is an important measure of the protection of farmers' rights and interests. Now there is not any legislation in the protection of farmers' rights and interests.So we should make further legislation on the protection of farmers' rights and interests in every aspect so as to build a comprehensive well-off society in rural area as soon as possible.


This article proposes a stress monitoring technique based on multifrequency SH0 guided wave information fusion. Its nondispersive acoustoelastic characteristic facilitates joint analysis in the whole frequency band. Moreover, the typical representation of broadband multifrequency signal is equivalent to realizing multiple measurements simultaneously, effectively improving the measurement efficiency and reliability. First, a generalized multifrequency comprehensive measurement model is established, which combines with specific data analysis and postprocessing criteria to construct a new stress characterization method. Then, the acoustoelastic effect of SH0 guided wave is investigated. Next, the wideband shear piezoelectric transducer based on the out-of-plane d15 mode is designed. The frequency-domain finite-element method (FDFEM) is applied to optimize the SH0 guided wave excitation and reception interval. Finally, the laboratory experiments of 6061-T6 aluminum plates with a thickness of 1 mm are conducted to verify the proposed strategy. The fitting result of multifrequency component fusion is better than that of any single-frequency algorithm. The actual measurements from the same batch are carried out through the calibration results. The maximum error does not exceed 2.5 MPa and the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) is 7% in the range of 15–85 MPa, demonstrating good measurement accuracy and consistency.


A crucial and time-consuming task in adaptive radiotherapy is the propagation of contours from an initial planning CT image to a control image taken during the course of treatment. Precise adaptation of contours for organs at risk, as well as target volumes is necessary in order to calculate an adapted treatment plan. Although several commercially available solutions exist that aim at solving this task, manual editing and correction of such automated mappings is still an inevitable requirement making the overall process tedious and time-consuming in clinical routine. We present a processing pipeline aiming at fast and fully automated propagation of contours between different datasets of an ongoing therapy. The method is based on a non-linear image registration combined with GPU accelerated contour generation. We evaluate our method by calculating Dice similarity coefficients and 3D Hausdorff distances between our results, and manually generated contours which serve as a ground truth. Additionally, we compare our results against contours mapped using a state-of-the-art commercially established contouring software.


The current standard for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is based on measuring bacterial growth after 10-24 hours of proliferation. Considering that many life-threatening conditions of infection exist, rapid AST techniques are urgently needed. We developed a rapid AST method based on two-photon fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy which can detect antibiotic responses of bacteria within one hour. We used Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a representative pathogen model, and found that antibiotic treatment greatly reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) levels in the bacteria. This enables rapid determination of bacterial susceptibility at the single cell level.


In this paper, we aim at highlighting the specific roles of the geometry and loading in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. A geometrical modification is achieved through the introduction of several metallic caps on the cavity walls, in order to fulfill chaoticity requirements. Loading modifications are achieved by putting absorbers on ground. Tests have been performed in three reverberation chambers of different dimensions, and thus, of different lowest usable frequencies. Respective and combined roles of both types of modification are analyzed and clarified.


Seismic provisions in building codes arguably constitute the most important and effective means for improving the performance of the built environment during earthquakes. Because they serve as the minimum and mandatory requirements for new construction that accumulates over time, building codes can and have reduced disaster risk in cities around the world; moreover, codes have evolved with improvements in scientific and engineering understanding, technology, and professional standards. Yet many have questioned whether the "life safety" objectives used in codes around the world are adequate or appropriate. In this opinion paper, we argue that seismic code objectives should reflect how society expects the built environment to perform in an earthquake. Social science methods can be employed to overcome the challenges of understanding what standards society holds for seismic performance. This opinion paper suggests four guiding principles on eliciting public perspectives and reviews examples of how elicitation has been applied around the world in the natural hazards field. It concludes with recommendations and further research needs.


Conservation tillage practices have seldom been used to produce winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the U.S. southeastern Coastal Plain, primarily because of inadequate planting equipment and the need for deep tillage. Despite improved equipment, little is known about the effects of surface and deep tillage (ST and DT) systems on winter wheat development and grain yield on the Coastal Plain. Objectives of this 2-yr study were to (i) determine whether ST affects the grain yield response of winter wheat to DT and (ii) examine the effects of ST and DT on winter wheat development. The soil was a Goldsboro loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Kandiudult). Treatments were ST (disked twice or no surface tillage) and DT (deep tilled using a ParaTill or no deep tillage). Averaged over years and levels of DT, the number of emerged seedlings was 16% less with no ST than with disking. With DT, the number of heads per square meter was similar for the two levels of ST treatment, indicating that wheat grown with no ST produced more heads per plant than with disking. Soil water contents were usually lower in 1995 than in 1994 for all treatments (<2 g kg -1 prior to inflorescence emergence in 1995). Aboveground dry weights near inflorescence emergence, kernel no. m -2 , and grain yields averaged 39, 26, and 22% less, respectively, in 1995 than in 1994. Deep tillage increased aboveground dry weight, kernel no. m -2 , and grain yield more for wheat in no-surface-tillage plots than in disked plots. When deep tilled, ST had no effect on grain yield in 1994, but yields were 25% greater for wheat grown with no ST in the drier year of 1995. There may be no need to disk the soil if DT is performed and proper planting equipment is used to produce winter wheat on the southeastern Coastal Plain. Yield increases due to DT in this region should be greater with no ST than with disking.


It is difficult to specify a system completely with formal methods. There are don't care situations which may not be so clearly defined, and behaviors of some special cases are hard to describe. Recently, it has been found that if the changes inside a design are local (limited within a set of sub-circuits), complete verification becomes feasible with small numbers of simulations. This gives us a way to specify a system as a modification of an existing design. By defining which portions of the existing design should be modified in which ways, it can become a design for the new specification. In this paper, we propose such a specification method, i.e., specifying new designs by giving existing designs and use-cases that discribes the difference from the new specification. The difference may be completely described with a small set of simulation patterns. Illustrative examples and some preliminary experimental results are shown.


Anomalies in adult cestodes are by no means uncommon and have been reported by numerous investigators in the last two centuries. These may be divided into those which affect only part of the worm and those which are characteristic of the entire strobila. Among the former are supernumerary proglottids, fenestrated segments, bifurcation of the strobila at the posterior end, branching at the side, forming a short chain of proglottids arising from a supernumerary proglottid, fusion of the line of separation of the proglottids through part of the strobila, and inversion of the usual arrangement of the sexual organs. Supernumerary proglottids are usually formed by the insertion of a smaller incompletely developed proglottid, into an otherwise normal proglottid (Fig. 1) or the supernumerary proglottid may be triangular and extend the entire length of the lateral edge of the proglottid to which it is attached. Fenestrated proglottids in which the central portion of the parenchyma is lacking are usually confined to a few segments, but in a few cases have involved nearly all the segments of the strobila. Fusion may be complete throughout a large number of proglottids or the line of demarcation between the proglottids may be obliterated only partially, giving the appearance of an excessively long proglottid on one side and two or more normal proglottids on the other, as in McCulloch's (1913) case. Of more immediate interest are the cases of triradiate strobilae, in which the entire strobila instead of being flat or ribbon like, as in the normal tapeworm, has a central ridge extending uniformly throughout all the proglottids and giving a triradiate figure when seen in crosssection. This anomaly may also be combined with the anomalies affecting individual proglottids mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Twenty-eight such cases have been collected by Vigener (1903) and are summarized in the accompanying table. To this list I have added five more cases, one of them not hitherto reported.


The article is devoted to the study of problems of social function of ownership in constitutional law. The author analyses position of social function of ownership in legislation. Author also demonstrates common and particular problems of ownership.


The how and why of distinguishing the regional from the global level Any coherent regionalist approach to security must start by drawing clear distinctions between what constitutes the regional level and what constitutes the levels on either side of it. Lake and Morgan (1997c) draw the distinction between regional and global, but then use definitions of region that effectively conflate these two levels. The fact that the regionalist approach features a distinct level of analysis located between the global and the local is what gives RSCT its analytical power. Distinguishing the regional from the unit level is not usually controversial. Units (of whatever kind) must have a fairly high degree of independent actor quality. Regions, almost however defined, must be composed of geographically clustered sets of such units, and these clusters must be embedded in a larger system, which has a structure of its own. Regions have analytical, and even ontological, standing, but they do not have actor quality. Only exceptionally does this distinction become problematic, as for example in the case of the European Union (see ch. 11). Mostly, the differentiation of units and regions is fairly straightforward. Distinguishing the regional from the global is less straightforward. The easy part is that a region must obviously be less than the whole, and usually much less. The tricky bit is actually specifying what falls on which side of the boundary.


With the deepening of industrialization process, service industries are growing rapidly, and becoming the new impetus for the growth of social economy and regional and urban development gradually. In recent years, the center cities in the coast region of China.Began to transform into a service-dominant economy system. Firstly, this paper introduced the background of service industries development in coast region center cities, the significance and intention of this study. Secondly, this paper investigated the structure characteristics inside the service industries as well as its development tendency of the three center cities: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from three aspect: the added value structure, employment structure and basic-nonbasic analysis, to discovered that the producer service and social service were the most rapid growth industries, while the distributive service industries appeared to decline. Further more, other service industries's rapid growth means the beginning of the diversification of service industries. Thirdly, this paper concluded the three center cities' characteristics of service structure: Shanghai has the highest level of producer service,Beijing has the highest level of social service and Guangzhou has the highest level of distributive service. Finally, this paper summed the development tendency of the service industries in center cities and discussed its theoretic basis.


An infrared image processing solution is proposed.It uses bi-threshold method to segment image and enhance the image with segmentation gray scale transform method.For a specific image,two thresholds are selected manually to cut the image into three parts(target area,transition area and background area).Based on the characteristic of each part,different gray scale transforms are designed to carry out image linear enhancement to get the best visual effect for the interested area.The satisfactory result is achieved with the experiment on 16 bit infrared images.The experiment shows that the algorithm is flexible and convenient.It can increase the contrast and decrease the noise while suppressing the background.


PbS semiconductor nanoparticles were grown inside the matrices of zirconium oxide (Zr02) and zirconium-silica-polyurethane (ZSUR) prepared by the sol-gel method. Zirconium ormosil included polyurethane used to control the growth and aggregation of PbS nanoparticles. The new matrix allows the incorporation of up to 40% PbS forming a characteristic structure of dendrite by reacting lead acetate with ammonium thiocyanate in the sol-gel matrix. The sol precursors of the matrix for ZSUR contain Zr02 matrix solution, epoxy-silica-ormosil (ESOR) and diurethane siloxane (DURS) synthesized separately. The size of nanoparticles as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ranges between 2-4 nm for 20% PbS in zirconium oxide and 8-10 nm for 20% PbS in ZSUR matrices. The porosity of the glasses is determined using the nitrogen adsorption technique. The pore size for ZSUR doped with 2% of PbS as determined by BET is 1.54 nm. Quantum size effect was observed from the shifts of absorption and photoluminescence (PL).


Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) possess various outstanding properties enabling essential applications, such as optical discs, infrared cameras, and thermal imaging systems. Despite their ubiquitous usage, these materials' composition–property relationships remain poorly understood, impeding the pace of their discovery. Here, we use a large experimental dataset comprising ∼24 000 glass compositions made of 51 distinct elements from the periodic table to develop machine learning (ML) models for predicting 12 properties, namely, annealing point, bulk modulus, density, Vickers hardness, Littleton point, Young's modulus, shear modulus, softening point, thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, liquidus temperature, and refractive index. These models are the largest regarding the compositional space and the number of properties covered for ChGs. Further, we use Shapley additive explanations, a game theory-based algorithm, to explain the properties' compositional control by quantifying each element's role toward model predictions. This work provides a powerful tool for interpreting the model's prediction and designing new ChG compositions with targeted properties. Finally, using the trained ML models, we develop several glass-selection charts that can potentially aid in the rational design of novel ChGs for various applications.


Sand production prediction is essential from the early stages of field development planning for well completion design and later for production management. Unconsolidated and weakly consolidated sandstones are prone to fail at low flowing bottom hole pressures during hydrocarbon production. To predict the sand-free drawdown, a robust sand prediction model that integrates near-wellbore and in-situ stresses, rock mechanical properties, well trajectory, reservoir pressure, production and depletion trends is required. Sanding prediction models should be calibrated with field data such as production and well tests observation. In the absence of field data, numerical techniques can provide a reliable estimate on potential onset and severity of sanding at various reservoir pressures.
 In this study, analytical and finite-element numerical models are independently used to predict the onset of sanding and volume of produced sand from high rate has wells with weakly consolidated sandstone reservoirs in onshore, Western Australia. The analytical method uses a poro-elastic model and core-calibrated log-derived rock strength profiles with an empirical effective rock strength factor (ESF). In the study, the ESF was calibrated against documented field sanding observation from a well test extended flow period at the initial reservoir pressure under a low drawdown pressure. The numerical method uses a poro-elasto-plastic model defined from triaxial core tests. The rock failure criterion in the numerical method is based on a critical strain limit (CSL) corresponding to the failure of the inner wall of thick-walled cylinder core tests that can also satisfy the existing wells sanding observations. To verify the onset and severity of sanding predicted by the analytical model, numerical simulations for an identical sandstone interval are developed to investigate the corresponding CSL.
 This combined analytical and numerical modelling calibrated with field data provided high confidence in the sanding evaluation and their application for future well completion and sand management decisions. The analytical model was finally used for sanding assessment over field life pressure condition because of its processing simplicity, speed and flexibility in assessing various pressure and rock strength scenarios with sensitivity analysis over the whole production interval in compared with the numerical method which is more suitable for single-depth, single pressure condition and well and perforation trajectory modelling.


Cannibalism is common phenomena amongst coccinellids and serves as vital alternative feeding strategy which can prolong survival during periods of prey scarcity. Cannibalism of larvae and adult of Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) were studied in the laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5 % RH and 16h L: 8h D). In the first experiment, different larval instars and adults transferred into Petri dishes near the eggs separately. Results showed that, average egg cannibalism by 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th instars larvae and adult were 3, 6, 9, 21 and 23.5 number respectively. In the second experiment, older larval instars (2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th instars) and adults transferred into Petri dishes near the younger instars larvae separately. Results showed that, younger larvae by older larvae were eaten. A linear correlation curve showed the dependency of cannibalism on the developmental stages of H. variegata. The results obtained here provide information about the cannibalism of H. variegata that might be useful for IPM programs because may be disrupt biological control of


In order to make Guangzhou into a national model city of environmental protection,the motor vehicle emission control is obligatory and important. Discusses several emphases of vehicle emission control measures according to the actuality of motor vehicles and emission pollution of Guangzhou.


The formation of scientific research in the field of biotechnology in Ukraine has been studied. It is proved that almost immediately after the discovery of X-rays by Conrad Roentgen the research on its practical application began in Ukrainian research centers. The role of Professor George De-Metz in the study of the effects of these rays on various living and lifeless objects was outlined; studying the natural radioactivity of living organisms and the effect of ionizing radiation on living creatures were shown. Experimental studies with X-rays were conducted by Professor of Physics of the Kharkiv Institute of Technology Oleksandr Pogorelko. He proved the practical significance of a new phenomenon for medicine, i.e. the use of X-rays to diagnose of different diseases. Research in the field of radiography was conducted by Mykola Pylchykov, which contributed to the creation, on his initiative, of the first Ukrainian institution of X-ray studies in Odessa. The use of ultrahigh frequencies for the treatment of patients with oncology, conducted by Academician Abram Slutskin in the Department of Biophysics, Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Medicine was highlighted. This department was established in 1933 by a scientist at the suggestion of his colleague, the head of the Department of Physiology of Kharkiv University Vasyl Danylevsky. Under the guidance of Corresponding Member Semen Tetelbaum, groundbreaking researches on the use of ultrasound for diagnosis were conducted. The created device for diagnosing of kidney stones, liver, the location of the tumor in the early stages, heart disease, was differed from similar of foreign samples by greater ease of use and reliability in operation. It was found that research in the field of biomedical engineering of the second half of the XX century developed in the cooperation with representatives of the medical industry of technical institutions of higher education. The achievements of the Department of "Department of Industrial and Biomedical Electronics" of NTU "KhPI" in the direction of biomedical electronics and the discovery of a new phenomenon of piezobiosynthesis in biological tissues, contributed to the improvement of cancer diagnosis.


Introduction Since the standardized residency training (SRT) was launched in 2014, there were very few data on evaluation of the factors that could influence the residents' competency in China. Methods All residents who started their SRT programme from September 2015 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. During the following years, they finished the programme and took examinations. The demographic information and exam scores of each subject were collected and analyzed. Results We found that the qualification rates of SRT programme differed significantly annually. Age, gender, the highest medical education degree, residents from different places, training duration and years of medical school study were also different significantly year by year. According to the scores of examinations, residents were divided into two groups: the qualified group and the non-qualified group. Age, the highest medical education degree, residents from different places, training duration, years of medical school study and prior medical work experience differed significantly between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the residents from different places and the training duration were factors that affected the qualification rate of SRT programme independently (P = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively). Discussion The "homogeneity" of SRT had been achieved regardless of the individual discrepancy, while the resident from different places and the training duration were obstacles we need to overcome further. Therefore, we should further advance the process of the transition from "Unit Persons" to "Society Persons". And extending training duration will facilitate their qualification and be benefit to improve their competency.


Editorial for "Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Functional Network Connectivity in Neurologically Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis" We know that the brain, both at rest and/or engaged in a perceptual, motor, emotional, cognitive task, is a complex, dynamic, and richly interconnected system. The brain coordinates different regions and neural networks on varying timescales, from a few milliseconds to several seconds, over minutes, hours, or days. Grami et al have used cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reconfigurate static and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the restingstate networks and they showed that tDCS applied on the cerebellum exerted dynamic effects on resting state networks. Recently in fMRI, Zhang et al used dynamic parameters (eg, mean dwell time and fractional window) as marker for early monitoring of cognitive changes in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Therefore, the dynamic fluctuations in BOLD activity makes it possible to relate to each other the dynamics of the brain to motor, perceptual, cognitive, and emotional behaviors. Functional connectivity (FC) can be subdivided into task-free and task-based FC. The former refers to the brain "resting state" including genetically prewired, large-scale intrinsically connected circuits (ICCs) such as sensorimotor, language-related, memory, right and left central executive, default-mode, salience and dorsal attentional networks. These canonical networks encompass neural nodes whose spontaneous BOLD signal fluctuations in the frequency range of (0.01; 0.1 Hz) covary in time during the resting state, and subserve spontaneous, unconstrained mind wandering in relation with discontinuity of thoughts, "theory of mind," planning, remembering, comfort, and self. The latter designates cortical and subcortical areas specifically recruited by experimental and controlled tasks. It is noteworthy that these task-positive networks can partly represent varied combination of ICCs. However, traditional methods used to process resting-state and task-based fMRI, such as seed-based correlational, independent component or regional homogeneity analyses, such as general linear model, supposed stationarity by averaging the brain dynamics over the whole fMRI run, and failed, consequently, to capture the subtle time-varying reconfiguration of within-networks and cross-network interactions. The most popular method applied for analyzing the dFC consists in sliding-window technique. Briefly, the BOLD signal time course reflecting local brain activity (voxel) is segmented into a succession of windows of the same duration (30– 60 seconds), and then the windows are correlated with each other using the Pearson coefficient. For example, time courses were segmented into 36-second windows, sliding the onset of each window by 18 second for a total of 10 windows, in accordance with previous dynamic studies. The duration of sliding windows was selected to optimize the balance between capturing rapidly shifting dynamic relationships (with shorter windows) and achieving reliable estimates of the correlated activity between regions (with longer windows). Then, a band-pass filtering (0.0278–0.10 Hz) was applied to remove high-frequency activity related to cardiac and respiratory activity, and low-frequency activity with a period that exceeds the duration of sliding windows used in dynamic analyses. Computationally, a correlation matrix is calculated based on the set of displaced segments and a k-means index allows to identify centroid states of activity. Each segment corresponds to a state and the grouping of these states makes it possible to measure transient cognitive states. Chang et al and Tagliazucchi et al showed in their fMRI study that the neuronal correlates were expressed on very short timescales (around 10 seconds), in particular by comparing the correlation coefficients of the sliding window with the activity of the alpha, theta, and gamma bands. Therefore, this statistical method allows to capture temporal dynamics of FC consisting of short-term, eventually recurring brain states corresponding partly to synchronization or desynchronization of ICCs, and to characterize brain state dwell time, state transition, and frequency of state occurrences. All these metrics notably


A rigorous solution is found to the problem of determining the current distribution and input impedance of a straight strip antenna located at a plane interface of two uniaxial metamaterials. The anisotropy axes of the metamaterials are parallel to each other and to the medium interface. The antenna is oriented perpendicular to these axes and excited by a given time-harmonic voltage. Using the Fourier transform technique, singular integral equations for the antenna current are derived and solved for all possible combinations of the metamaterial parameters. Closed-form representations for the current distribution and input impedance of an infinitely long strip are obtained and their generalization to the case of a finite-length antenna is discussed.


Field experiments were conducted for two years to determine the effect of silkworm rearing waste on growth and yield of mulberry plants and silkworm growth and economic traits. Methodology: this study consisted 11 treatments including absolute control with 3 replications. Results of this study: silkworm excreta alone 400 gm per plant recorded the longest shoot, greater number of branches, more number of leaves, highest 100 leaf weight and highest leaf yield. The silkworm excreta alone 400 gm per plant had a significant and positive influence on larval and cocoon parameters which recorded the highest values of larval weight, single cocoon weight, shell ratio, single cocoon filament length and denier.


Piper umbellata leaves accumulate the compound, 4-nerolidylcatechol, which is responsible for the antioxidant power of the plant. Surprisingly, in this study we observed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of P. umbellata leaves after their metabolism on Heraclides brasiliensis larvae. The total phenolic concentrations of the extracts from the leaves and fecal matter (metabolized leaves) measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, were 14.78 and 27.13 mg GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity, based on 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), was EC50 of 120.10 and 62.50 ug/ml for the leaves and fecal material, respectively. These values were correlated with the total phenolic content.


Riot in Heaven projects a protest and a rejection of negative Black images and experiences of the blacks in the West. The play reveals that the Western world or race works with class to isolate most black people from mainstream life. This paper examines catalogues of humiliating experiences of the blacks in the western world. It condemns the desperation of some blacks and their acceptance of an inferiority position in the face of challenges from the Whites and projects blacks as people of strength, courage and ready to fight  for their freedom under any circumstance. It concludes that blacks, in the West should be proud of their color and insist on change as Barack Obama has proved that change is possible for the blacks who desire change. It is within this context that Onwueme's play Riot in Heaven is anchored and would be discussed in this paper.


Focuses on the research-based teacher-led sex education programme developed and piloted by the National Health Service Health Scotland and the Medical Research Council for young people. Background on the programme; Aspects of young people's sexual health; Provision of sex education in Scotland.


Among the many surprises of the 2016 presidential election campaign is the amount of attention several prominent candidates have given to the classic problem of political corruption. Although they seldom define corruption or pause to employ the term with precision, the candidates have expressed aversion to practices and behavior that have always been synonymous with corruption—that is, with the seizure of governmental authority by selfish interests at the expense of the general welfare. Americans who are paying attention to the presidential contest this year have heard a great deal about the influence of large campaign contributions over elections and public policy, about corporate lobbyists who connive to get what they want from government officials, about the revolving door between public office and lucrative private employment, and about the domination, through all these means and more, that moneyed individuals and groups exert over government. Senator Bernie Sanders based his campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on hostility to corrupt wealthy interests, and he gained passionate support from unexpectedly numerous voters. Jolted by Sanders' popularity in caucuses and primary elections, Democrat Hillary Clinton now assails "the flood of secret, unaccountable money that is distorting our elections, corrupting our political system, and drowning out the voices of too many everyday Americans."1 Before securing the Republican nomination, billionaire Donald Trump bragged that he was funding his own campaign "so I don't owe anything to lobbyists and special interests."2 Even as the candidates vented their opposition to corruption, however, wealthy people and organizations were spending hundreds of millions of dollars to influence the election results at every level of government. In return for their money, the donors who pick winners will expect to be attentively consulted about public policy by those whom they helped elect. It is reasonable to anticipate that well-heeled individuals and groups will help shape the resolution of many, if not most, of


The porosity of undoped and Zr- and Ti-doped graphites has been determined using small-angle neutron scattering measurements. To differentiate between open and closed pores in the neutron scattering measurements the contrast matching technique was employed. In the pore volume distribution three distinct sizes of pores are present. Doping increases the volume fraction of pores, shifts the mean size to lower values and makes the size distributions wider. In addition it enhances drastically the closed porosity.


Objective To study the distribution of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in ICU, and to provide guidance for the rational antimicrobial use in clinic. Methods Clinical characteristics, bacteria causing VAP and antimicrobial resistance during February 2002~August 2003 were analysed. Results Among 58 strains isolated from 42 cases with VAP, the percentage of gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci and fungi was 79.31%, 13.79% and 6.90%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major isolated bacteria among gram-negative strains ( 30.95%), Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated bacteria among gram-positive strains ( 75.00%), and MRSA accounted for 50%. Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to amikacin, piperacillin/sulbactam, ceftazidime and imipenem. The sensitive rates of ESBL-producing strains to imipenem and MRSA to vancomycin were all 100%. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing VAP in patients in ICU, and bacteria strains have high antimicrobial resistance, clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to antimicrobial susceptibility test result.


A darkroom exposure meter has been designed to compute from a single measurement sequence both the exposure time and the paper contrast necessary to accept the full tonal scale of the negative. The photographer moves a phototransistor probe across the projected image to sample all areas that are to show gradation in the finished print. A microcomputer accepts the digitized probe output, compares the whole range of readings with paper characteristics stored in its memory, and calculates contrast grade and exposure time. A prototype constructed on this basis has demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. Such a device can greatly improve darkroom productivity.


Abstract The Internet has introduced a variety of new sources for job information. In addition to traditional methods, such as using campus career services offices and professional association job banks, there are many new resources available online, including (1) health education job web sites, (2) organizational and governmental job web sites, (3) job search engines, (4) online newspaper classified listings, (5) professional electronic mailing lists, (6) USENET newsgroups, and (7) bulletin board services. Each of these methods is discussed with some advice for finding the ideal health education job.


Objective: To evaluate the uterine scar and endometrial viability after laparoscopic myomectomy by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US). To examine reproductive performance after surgery. Study Design: We performed a prospective, single-case, nonrandomized study in patients at the Dubai London Hospital: 107 patients with symptomatic fibroids who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between January 2012 and May 2013. Methods: A total of 107 who underwent lap myomectomy were identified. An inclusion/exclusion criteria applied of which - 76 fulfilled the same. Their endometrial lining and uterine scar evaluated with the 2D US. Doppler study of the uterine artery and endometrial region performed alongside. The reproductive performance of these patients was then followed up over a 2 year period. Outcome: The endometrial sparing technique seems to be fertility sparing without the use of traction and minimal coagulation intraoperatively. The myometrial scar and endometrial lining can be followed up with 2D US, and the multiple suturing technique helps in improving scar integrity and ensures the absence of hematomas while preserving the endometrial thickness. The low resistance index (RI) of the ipsilateral uterine artery in a fibroid uterus shows an increase after surgery and goes back to normal between day 30-day 60. The subendometrial region had some increase but could not be quantified adequately due to lack of a method for the same. The RI of the uterine artery and the measurement of subendometrial color voxels still can be used as a measure of fertility prognosis and uterine receptivity after myomectomy. Limitations: This is a cohort investigation on a limited number of patients and does not compare the different number/size of myoma prior to removal in the US follow-up. Endometrial Doppler studies cannot be used as a prognostic tool of endometrial viability especially due to the lack of an accepted standard criteria to evaluate and measure the subendometrial perfusion.


The article provides information related to expanding the field of experts' knowledge who are used in conducting forensic fire-technical examinations and expert research. In this regard, the staff of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine carried out scientific work on the topic: "Development of a methodology for the theoretical and practical foundations of forensic fire-technical examinations". The specified Methodology should cover a wider range of issues.


Compaction has a significant effect on asphalt emulsion mix performance through analyzing the water losing ratio,the height and the Marshall stability of the specimen.Compaction influences the drainage,the density and the strength of the mix.The higher the compaction standard,the more the drainage,the higher the density and the higher the strength.Under the same compaction standard,compaction two times is better than compaction one time.


A theoretical model is suggested for abstracting the interaction between an expert system and its users, with a focus on reputation and incentive compatibility. The model assumes users interact with the system while keeping in mind a single "retention parameter" that measures the strength of their belief in its predictive power, and the system's objective is to reinforce and maximize this parameter through "informative" and "correct" predictions. We define a natural class of retentive scoring rules to model the way users update their retention parameter and thus evaluate the experts they interact with. Assuming agents in the model have an incentive to report their true belief, these rules are shown to be tightly connected to truth-eliciting "proper scoring rules" studied in Decision Theory. The difference between users and experts is modeled by imposing different limits on their predictive abilities, characterized by a parameter calledmemory span. We prove themonotonicity theorem ("more knowledge is better"), which shows that experts with larger memory span retain better in expectation. Finally, we focus on the intrinsic properties of phenomena that are amenable to collaborative discovery with a an expert system. Assuming user types (or "identities") are sampled from a distributionD, the retention complexity ofD is the minimal initial retention value (or "strength of faith") that a user must have before approaching the expert, in order for the expert to retain that user throughout the collaborative discovery, during which the user "discovers" his true "identity". We then take a first step towards relating retention complexity to other established computational complexity measures by studying retention dynamics when D is a uniform distribution over a linear space. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Models of computation


The pests damaging Platanus acerifolia in Huabei oil field were identified by reconnaissant survey,detailed investigation,collecting samples and laboratory rearing.There are 83 species.It showed that these pests belong to 2 classes,4 orders and 15 families.Damage characteristics of these pests were briefly analyzed.And corresponding control measures were also proposed in this paper.


Many factors can negatively impact acetabular component positioning including poor visualization, increased patient size, inaccuracies of mechanical guides, and inconsistent precision of conventional instruments and techniques, and changes in patient positioning. Improper orientation contributes to increased dislocation rates, leg length discrepancies, altered hip biomechanics, component impingement, acetabular component migration, bearing surface wear, and pelvic osteolysis thus affecting revision rates and long-term survivorship. Despite the established definitions of acetabular safe zones, recent analysis of U.S. Medicare THA data found dislocation rates during the first six months to be 3.9% for primary surgeries and 14.4% for revision surgeries. Accurate and precise acetabular component orientation during initial THA is an increasingly important factor in decreasing revision THA; a recent report cites instability and dislocation as the primary cause of revision accounting for 22.5% of cases. Larger femoral heads and alternative bearing couples are less tolerant of variation in acetabular orientation and thus are poor substitutes for proper acetabular component placement. Variability in acetabular orientation has been reported to have both an inter-surgeon and an intra-surgeon component; pre-surgical templating combined with intraop-erative measurements is subject to inconsistencies and errors. Current methods for determining acetabular orientation include preoperative imaging such as CT scans, intraoperative imaging such as plain radiographs and fluoroscopy, and intraoperative anatomical tests. Combining the concepts of patient-specific morphology (PSM) and quantitative technologies (QuanTech) such as computer-assisted navigation (CAN) has the potential to maximise range of motion and to further improve acetabular component orientation through improved accuracy and precision. PSM refers to the practice of allowing the form and structure of the patient's hip joint to guide surgical reconstruction and component placement thus creating an individualised and more accurate "target zone"; unlike "safe zones," PSM does not rely on averages. Although gross anatomic changes may make it difficult to use PSM, certain structures may be used as guide-posts for orientation, alignment, and stability in most patients. At present, there are three options when considering anatomic landmarks as guides for acetabular component placement: bony landmarks, soft tissue landmarks, or a combination. QuanTech has been shown to increase the precision of component placement by reducing intra-surgeon deviation. Some pitfalls of current CAN techniques result from maintaining camera line of sight during surgery, registration process, and pin placement. Performing THA using smaller incisions can impose additional complications as well as risks for errors in component positioning; QuanTech has the potential to provide greater visualization and precision, thus decreasing the impact of those constraints. THA has become one of the most common and successful orthopaedic procedures; its efficacy at relieving pain and its ability to help patients have improved quality of life is without dispute yet results continue to vary with inter-surgeon and intra-surgeon differences. As the population needing THA increases, the prevalence of complications and problems will increase, even if the percentage of complications decreases. Coupling PSM with QuanTech such as CAN may allow the surgeon to decrease variability and more consistently implant THA components based on each patient's individualized requirements. The goal of combining PSM and CAN is to further reduce inter-and intra-surgeon variation, thereby decreasing outliers, complications, and revision rates, and possibly narrowing the gap between specialist and generalist. More accurate and precise acetabular component orientation correlates with better hip biomechanics, translating into better function, fewer dislocations, fewer impingements, maximized safe range of motion, less wear, and therefore less aseptic loosening and improvements in survivorship of primary THA. Decreasing revision rates, combined with the benefits listed above, could translate into increased THA survivorship, improved patient satisfaction, and decreased economic burden on the entire healthcare system.


Three recent development efforts are described, aimed at solving some of these drilling fluid problems. The Sandia aqueous foam studies are still in the laboratory phase; NL Baroid's polymeric deflocculant is being field tested; and the Mudtech high temperature mud was field tested several months ago. The aqueous foam studies are aimed at screening available surfactants for temperture and chemical stability. Approximately 100 surfactants have been tested at temperatures of 260/sup 0/C and 310/sup 0/C and several of these candidates appear very promising. A polymeric deflocculant was developed for water-based muds which shows promise in laboratory tests of retarding thermal degradation effects and associated gelation. Formulations containing this new polymer have shown good rheological properties up to 500/sup 0/F. A high temperature mud consisting primarily of sepiolite, bentonite, and brown coal has been developed. A field test of this mud was conducted in a geothermal well in the Imperial Valley of California in May of last year. The fluid exhibited good hole-cleaning characteristics and good rheological properties throughout the test. (MHR)


To overcome the shortcoming of the current XML compression algorithms which do not distinguish between Chinese characters and English words,it presents a Chinese-oriented XML compressor with high compression ratio,called COX.The input documents are preprocessed by using the technology of Chinese word segmentation,the sorted dictionary is obtained by counting the word frequency,and then the high-frequency and long-size words are coded by using the Huffman coding method.The items in the XML documents are classified by analyzing the documents,the items with the same class tag are sent to the same container.Moreover,the numerical data are processed especially in COX.The experimental results show that,compared to the general compression algorithms,COX achieves higher compression ratio if the XML documents contain more Chinese words,while needing more compression and decompression time as return.


We study a spinless level that hybridizes with a fermionic band and is also coupled via its charge to a dissipative bosonic bath. We consider the general case of a power-law hybridization function r , with r 0, and a bosonic-bath spectral function B s , with s �1. For r 1 and max 0,2 r �1 s 1, this Bose-Fermi quantum impurity model features a continuous zero-temperature transition between a delocalized phase, with tunneling between the impurity level and the band, and a localized phase, in which dissipation suppresses tunneling in the low-energy limit. The phase diagram and the critical behavior of the model are elucidated using perturbative and numerical renormalization-group techniques, between which there is excellent agreement in the appropriate regimes. For r = 0, this model's critical properties coincide with those of the spin-boson and Ising Bose-Fermi Kondo models, as expected from bosonization.


The mirror‐substrate method was used for measuring the penetration depth of 0.5–3‐keV electrons in solid hydrogen and deuterium. The penetration depth was found to be 0.53×1018E1.72 molecules/cm2 with the energy given in keV. There was satisfactory agreement with other data. The measurements also showed that the escape depth for true secondary electrons from solid deuterium is less than 50 A, which agrees well with the small values for the secondary‐electron‐emission coefficient found for solid deuterium. Results were furthermore obtained for the electron‐reflection coefficient for the gold substrate, i.e., the number of electrons that are reflected with high energies. The electron‐reflection coefficient agrees well with other results, both with respect to magnitude and energy dependence.


The antenna is a planar reflector having a plurality of electric conductor loop which is defined by the parasitic operational antenna element arrangement; And a parasitic antenna element for driving the operational arranged in a parasitic, and is spaced from the plane reflecting device for the traveling wave current distribution circular polarization antenna feed is located. The antenna has a characteristic of the mixing between the driving and parabolic reflector arrangement, and provide a relatively compact circular polarization antenna capable of having a low wind load (low wind load). Pulmonary circuit and the loop elements are provided to increase the gain on the dipole antenna with Turnstile reflective element.


The aim of this paper is to discuss some relations among hereditary, strong and stable radicals. In particular we investigate hereditariness of lower strong and stable radicals. Some facts obtained are related to some results and questions of [2, 6, 7]. All rings in the paper are associative. Fundamental definitions and properties of radicals may be found in [9]. Definitions of hereditary and strong radicals are used as in Sands [7]. We say that a radical S is left (right) stable if (ρ): for every ring R and every left (right) ideal I of R it follows S(I)⊆S(R).


Bulgakov's Voland might have been gazing into water. It isn't bad enough that we don't have the first or the second thing, or the fifth or the tenth, it also turns out now that we don't have an intelligentsia either. The loss, or perhaps I should say disappearance, has been discovered by Stanislav Rassadin, who informed the broad public of this in Literaturnaia gazeta. True, a qualification follows: there is no intelligentsia as a collective concept. More about the interpretation of this qualification, which changes little, in essence, later on. For now we will note that the article's author begs us not to count him among the intelligentsia from here on out. This time without any qualifications.


According to the generic oracle hypothesis, results relativized to generic oracles are likely to represent the unrelativized world. The paper shows that the generic oracle hypothesis is false by demonstrating that IP/sup G/ not=PsPACE/sup G/ for even subrecursive variants of generic oracles G.<<ETX>>


High-quality Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ crystals were successfully grown by the floating zone method. Large absorption coefficients and wide linewidths at 808 nm and 879 nm were obtained. Excellent laser performance with slope efficiency of 72% was achieved with pumping at 808 nm. We also realized the efficient and low thermal-road pumping at 879 nm with slope efficiency of 57%.


Abstract This paper contains the original diagnoses of new syntaxa and typifications of existing names of syntaxa from paper "Classification of plant communities along post-fire succession in Pinus brutia stands in southern Antalya (Turkey)" that was published in Turkish Journal of Botany. As journal has only on-line version according to ICPN descriptions are not valid. We described syntaxa: Eryngio falcati-Securigerion securidacae all. nova, Ajugo chiae-Lactucetum serriolae ass. nova, Phlomido grandiflorae-Cistetum salvifolii ass. nova, and Arbuto andrachnes- Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova and selected nomenclatural type for Querco- Phillyreetum mediae Barbero & Quézel 1976.


The invention discloses a children's safety device with a sampling circuit. The children's safety device comprises a first steel frame, a second steel frame and hydraulic arms. The second steel frame is arranged on the first steel frame, four corners of the second steel frame are connected with four corners of the first steel frame through the hydraulic arms, pressure sensors are arranged on four sides of the second steel frame, signals collected by the pressure sensors are transmitted to a single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer controls the hydraulic arms to act according to the signals collected by the pressure sensors; the sampling circuit, a filtering circuit and an amplifying circuit are in sequential series connection between the pressure sensors and the single chip microcomputer; the sampling circuit comprises an operational amplifier A1, a diode D1 and a slide rheostat R4. By the children's safety device, safety of children is guaranteed.