Exact soliton solutions of the dark discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions are found and especially it is shown that the dark DNLS equation can have both dark and bright soliton solutions. Some solitary wave solutions of the DNLS equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions are also derived.


Dexamethasone has been shown to up‐regulate human mucin 1 (MUC1) expression in certain types of cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting that this gluocorticoid may enhance MUC1‐based immunotherapies. Here we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on MUC1 expression in the DU145 human prostate cancer cell line in terms of antibody‐mediated complement‐dependent cell lysis. Cells treated with 1 × 10−8 m dexamethasone in vitro expressed maximal levels of MUC1 after 6 days, with an approximately 3‐fold increase over MUC1 levels on untreated cells. DU145 cells were highly resistant to lysis by anti‐MUC1 antibody and complement, and their susceptibility to antibody and complement was unaffected by dexamethasone treatment. However, dexamethasone also induced expression of the complement inhibitor decay accelerating factor (DAF) on DU145 cells. Blocking or overcoming the function of DAF resulted in enhanced complement‐dependent lysis of dexamethasone‐treated cells with anti‐MUC1 antibodies, indicating that the failure of dexamethasone to enhance the complement susceptibility of DU145 cells was caused by the up‐regulated expression of DAF. We also investigated MUC1 expression in vivo and found that MUC1 expression was significantly up‐regulated on tumour cells isolated from immune‐deficient mice that had been injected with dexamethasone. However, in contrast to in vitro data, there was no difference between the levels of DAF expressed on tumour‐derived DU145 cells isolated from either phosphate buffered saline (PBS)‐treated or dexamethasone‐treated mice, and tumour cells isolated from dexamethasone‐treated mice were more sensitive to complement‐mediated lysis. In the broad context of immunotherapy, the in vivo data support the use of dexamethasone as an adjunct treatment. Up‐regulated DAF expression would not be a favourable outcome of dexamethasone treatment in terms of complement‐dependent antibody therapy, but the in vivo data caution against extrapolation of in vitro data with regard to the modulation of complement inhibitors reported here and elsewhere.


Space heating is responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption in the residential sector. As such, space heating has a great potential for energy savings. The heat pump is an important energy conservation option that allows modification of residential energy demand profile and subsequent reduction of electricity consumption and costs. Living comfort of the residents is the other side of the coin that also must be considered during the heating optimization process. This article presents an intelligent approach to heat pump scheduling problem based on metaheuristic optimization algorithms. In particular, we consider mutation-based binary particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Simulation results confirm that the proposed approach can optimize the heat pump scheduling task without sacrificing the thermal comfort of residents.


British civil engineers can live and work anywhere in the EU but, despite a raft of Directives aimed at creating a level playing field, their professional qualifications are not automatically recognised. ICE European affairs manager Oivind Grimsmo reports.


The crystal structure of trehalose dihydrate has been solved by direct methods and refined to an R index of 0-057 using anisotropic refinement. The space group is P212121 and four formula units of C12HzzOz~.2HzO are contained in the unit cell of dimensions a= 17.90, b= 12.21 and c= 7.586 A. The two glucopyranose residues in the trehalose molecule have the chair 4C1 form, and are bonded by the a 1 --+ 1 glycosidic link in approximate twofold symmetry. Departures from symmetry are found in torsion angles about the e 1 -+ 1 link and in conformations of the primary alcohol groups O(6)H and O(6')H. The C-O bond lengths show systematic trends similar to those in other e-pyranose sugars and at the same time show some characteristic features related to the e 1 -~1 link of the two glucose residues. There are two indirect intramolecular hydrogen bonds incorporating water molecules. Neither the ring oxygens nor the glycosidic linkage oxygen accept hydrogen bonds. The molecular packing in the crystal is mainly determined by the hydrogen bonds.


This thesis deals with the study about the emulsion fuel spray characteristics using the optical accessible chamber. The Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) is used to illustrate how the spray developed in the chamber and the spray characteristic could be predicted. The overall macroscopic spray characteristic such as the spray penetration length and the spray cone angle were measured manually. The different percentage of emulsion fuel is used; 5%, 10% and 15% of emulsion is tested at the same injection pressure 70MPa which is high pressure and 1MPa of high ambient pressure in the chamber but in different size of nozzle diameter; 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm. The development process and the timing injection in the test were very similar. Moreover, 15% of emulsion which is a higher percentage of emulsion fuel induced shorter penetration length at smaller nozzle diameter and wider cone angle at bigger nozzle diameter. However, there are discrepancies of the result due to improper boundary condition and inherit limitation of the model. For further study process, the emulsion process should be done by the owner-self so the more data from experimental work is needed such as properties of emulsion could be implemented in the study.


With increasing frequency, long-established multinational states in Western Europe are fracturing under the centrifugal pressures generated by the desire of ethnonational groups to achieve self-government. In Europe, the EU increasingly serves as a potential ally for ethno-national political movements (perhaps even a potential replacement) to what are perceived as the constrictions of the nation-state. In Britain, the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP) began to achieve significant electoral competitiveness during the 1960s. It has now reached the point where it was the official opposition in the Scottish Parliament from 1999-2007,then became the largest party in the parliament and formed a minority government following elections on 3'd May 2007. The aim of this article is to survey the genealogy of nationalist mobilisation in Scotland as well as to identifY the factors that have fuelled the party's trajectory from that of a fractured pressure group in the 1930s and 1940s to that of a credible political actor today. Importantly, the article will elaborate on the party's oscilating attitudes to European integration since the 1930s and evaluate whether the Party will in fact be able, as it claims, to trade membership of the United Kingdom for membership as an independent state within the EU. Keywords: Minority Nationalism, Scottish National Party, European Integration, United Kingdom.


A new species of Madreporaria, Polycyathus fulvus, is described from New Caledonia. Zooxanthellae have been found symbiotic in its polyps, although the genus is ahermatypic. Another Polycyathus, P. senegalensis Chevalier, 1966, is recorded from the Caribbean area; it was previously known from the eastern tropical Atlantic only. These two records extend the known range of the genus and show it to have a circumequatorial distribution in warm and warm-temperate waters.


Maps and map collecting hold out an intrinsic interest down through the ages, but the interpretation of maps by provenance, by school of mapmaker, andmany other characteristics, is a highly specialized skill precisely combining knowledge of both history and geography. Map vendors and auctioneers do such research as a matter of course, but it is the 'fourth' or historical dimension, as flagged in an Introduction to this book by the Toulouse-based geographer and former French attaché in Malaysia, Frédéric Durand, which is critical to the elaboration of the map history of a particular location. The work under review brings to public scrutiny the valuable – almost priceless – map collections on Malaya and Borneo of co-authors Dato' Richard Curtis and Sharafuddin Idris Shah, Sultan of Selangor. As a Foreword to the book explains, the Sultan's interest in geography had its origins in his own practical navigation experience.


1. WHAT'S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF COLON CANCER? LOTS! Robert J. Mayer Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Until recently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has represented the mainstay of treatment for colorectal cancer. The drug has been given in a ''loading'' (five consecutive days each month), weekly, or continuous infusional manner with therapeutic outcome among these three options similar (response rate 15–18 percent), but with the ''loading'' program the most toxic. 5-FU is thought to act by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, thereby impeding DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The addition of leucovorin (i.e. folinic acid) to 5-FU appears to enhance such enzymatic inhibition and to increase the likelihood of disease regression when compared to 5-FU treatment alone; the effect on overall survival is more modest. Initial attempts at utilizing 5-FU as adjuvant treatment for patients with stages II and III colorectal cancer proved disappointing, possibly because of poor treatment compliance. The value of adjuvant 5-FU was documented in an Intergroup trial conducted in the 1980's in which patients with stages II and III colon cancer received 5-FU (with levamisole), levamisole alone, or no treatment; the levamisole was subsequently shown to be ineffective, reducing this trial to a ''treatment versus observation'' comparison. After seven years of follow-up, 5-FU treatment resulted in a 40 percent decrease in recurrences and a 33 percent improvement in survival for 929 patients with stage III disease but only a negligible effect in 318 patients with stage II disease. Subsequently, the adjuvant use of 5FU/leucovorin was found to be similarly beneficial for patients with stage III disease but did not appear to be anywhere near as beneficial for patients with node negative disease. The value of adjuvant treatment for patients with stage II colon cancer remains contentious; a retrospective subset analysis of four adjuvant colon trials conducted by the NSABP revealed a similar proportional survival benefit for patients with either stage II or stage III disease while a pooled data analysis of five separate randomized clinical trials comparing 5-FU/ leucovorin to observation in 1016 patients with stage II disease demonstrated a statistically insignificant difference. At present, based on a series of studies conducted in the early 1990's, six months of 5-FU/leucovorin represents ''standard'' treatment for patients with stage III disease while prospective data have not demonstrated any adjuvant benefit for patients with stage II disease. Recently, three new cytotoxic compounds have become commercially available for the treatment of colon cancer. Capecitabine, a 5-FU prodrug absorbed intact through the GI mucosa and converted to 5-FU through three enzymatic steps, has been shown to be therapeutically equivalent to parenteral 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. Its role in combination chemotherapy programs as a possible substitute for parenteral 5-FU is under examination; any assessment of the value of capecitabine must also take into account patient compliance and cost. Irinotecan, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I which is involved in DNA repair, results in tumor regression in approximately 15 percent of patients resistant to 5-FU, prolongs survival when compared to observation-alone in such a ''second-line'' setting, and appears equally active to 5-FU/leucovorin when administered as initial therapy. The combination of irinotecan and 5-FU/leucovorin, whether given in a weekly ''bolus'' (''IFL'') or bi-weekly 48-hour infusion (''FOLFIRI'') manner as initial treatment, has been shown to be superior to 5-FU/leucovorin alone. Oxaliplatin, essentially inactive when given alone, has been combined with a 48-hour infusion of 5-FU/leucovorin (''FOLFOX'') and has been shown to be superior to 5-FU/leucovorin as initial treatment. FOLFIRI


An elastic load balancing mechanism in cloud computing environment is studied in this paper. The mechanism that uses kNN (k-Nearest Neighbors) and Naive Bayes classification algorithms in machine learning can effectively solve the problem of resource allocation lag by predicting the future load trend on the basis of analysis and study of historical data. And taking into account the cross regional nature of the cloud computing environment, applications will be deployed to the computing nodes closer to the user to reduce user access time. Finally, we verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism through some experiments.


Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), an analogue of thymidine, can be detected by means of monoclonal antibodies and utilized as a marker of the S-phase. In this paper a determination of the S-phase in BLV+ cattle with lymphocytosis has been performed by incorporating bromodeoxyuridine in the DNA. This evaluation was compared to the DNA content, demonstrating that i) bromodeoxyuridine incorporation is a reliable marker of S-phase in BLV+ cattle with lymphocytosis and ii) cytofluorimetry is the method of choice, together with immunocytochemistry, to demonstrate bromodeoxyuridine incorporation.


We address the problem of designing a conversational avatar capable of a sequence of casual conversations with older adults. Users at risk of loneliness, social anxiety or a sense of ennui may benefit from practicing such conversations in private, at their convenience. We describe an automatic spoken dialogue manager for LISSA, an on-screen virtual agent that can keep older users involved in conversations over several sessions, each lasting 10-20 minutes. The idea behind LISSA is to improve users' communication skills by providing feedback on their non-verbal behavior at certain points in the course of the conversations. In this paper, we analyze the dialogues collected from the first session between LISSA and each of 8 participants. We examine the quality of the conversations by comparing the transcripts with those collected in a WOZ setting. LISSA's contributions to the conversations were judged by research assistants who rated the extent to which the contributions were "natural", "on track", "encouraging", "understanding", "relevant", and "polite". The results show that the automatic dialogue manager was able to handle conversation with the users smoothly and naturally.


Well-defined mondispersed iron oxide particles can be synthesized in conventional hydrolysis approaches, but the synthesis generally takes two to seven days. Microwave hydrothermal approaches offer the possibility of significantly reducing synthesis time. This work demonstrates the feasibility of microwave synthesis in large scale. The batch size was 5 L, and the holding time was two hours. The crystallinity of the powders and the morphology and the monodispersity of the synthesized particles were comparable to those produced from conventional approaches. The particle size was in the nanosize range. The results indicated that for synthesis of monodispersed Fe2O3 nanopowders, it is possible to achieve the production rate of a 2.1 m3 conventional reactor with a 5 L microwave accelerated reactor.


Traffic circles or roundabouts, as an alternative intersection traffic control device in South Africa, have traditionally not been favourably received. Nevertheless, modern roundabouts are becoming more common throughout the world. Internationally, roundabouts have been shown to be the safest form of traffic control which is of particular importance here in South Africa. Furthermore, roundabouts have less delay than stop or traffic signal control in a wide range of conditions.


This study examines the effect of a time-varying parameterization for subsidence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on a one-dimensional coupled land-atmosphere model. Measurements of large-scale divergence in the ABL are scarce and often marred by error, providing the motivation to model this important physical process and estimate its values from indirect but related observations. Constant parameterizations of largescale divergence and/or subsidence velocity are adequate for periods within a characteristic synoptic time scale, but longer studies require a parameterization that yields to local atmospheric change. After confirming the potential significance of subsidence in the ABL, this experiment investigates two key areas: (1) the ability to model subsidence change as a response to estimated time-varying model error and (2) the net improvement and potential benefits of this enhancement. This study indicates a consistent reduction of root-mean-square error scores for the time-varying subsidence (divergence) parameter scheme versus a constant parameterization for the 2 m specific humidity measurement, with negligible change to the 2 m temperature measurement. Model error does not improve explicitly, in spite of the presumed improvement to model physics. However, the unknown nature of the model error precludes an accurate diagnose of change, thus leaving the root-mean-square-error scores as the principal tool of evaluation and hence the justifying the potential usefulness of the time-varying parameterization.


Introduction: Vitiligo is idiopathic hypomelanosis characterized by the presence of white macules that can expand. Can affect all parts of the body that contain melanocyte cells, for example, hair and eyes. The cause is unknown, various trigger factors are often reported, for example emotional crisis and physical trauma. Pathogenesis of vitiligo still unclear, there is an association between vitilligo and Hashimoto's thyroditis, pernicious anemia, and hypoparathyroid melanocytes found in the serum of 80% of vitiligo patients. Moreover, there is disease that similar to vitiligo, called piebaldism. Patches of skin that do not contain pigment that is found at birth and persists for life.The disease is inherited autosomally, due to differentiation and possibly the melanoblast membrane. Discussion: Inheritance of vitiligo can involve genes related to the biosynthesis of melanin, the response to oxidative stress and autoimmune regulation. The macula is white with a diameter of several millimeters to several centimeters, round or oval with defined boundaries, with no other epidermal changes. Hypomelanotic macules are sometimes seen in addition to apigmented macules. In vitiligo macules can be found macules with normal pigmentation or hyperpigmentation called perifollicular repigmentation. Occasionally there is a raised edge of the lesion, erythema and itching, which is called inflammatory. Piebaldism is In the form of skin patches that do not contain pigment on the forehead, median or paramedian, accompanied by white hair. White patches are sometimes also found on the upper chest, abdoment and legs. Normal skin color or hypermelanosis there are areas that are hypomelanosis. Ultrastructural investigation showed no visible melanocytes and melanosomes in hypomelanotic areas. On the other hand, hypemelanotic islets are found with melanocytes that produce melanosomes normally, but if abnormal spheric milanosomes and granules are found, abnormal spherical and ganular melanosomes are also found. Conclusion: It is distinguished from vitiligo which usually does not appear at birth, the shape and distribution are also different. On piebaldism. In piebaldism accompanied by white forlock and the presence of islets with normal pigments in hypomelanotic areas. Differentiated from the nevus with depigmentosus, in the nevus the number of melanocit is normal. If piebaldism is accompanied by abnormalities in the distance of the two pupils or is accompanied by deafness, then the possibility of Waardenburg syndrome should be considered.


The emerging Space Station program will provide a significant expansion in the use of specialists in orbit with optics, for the furtherance of science, civil applications and technology. The U.S. Skylab and the U.S.S.R. Salyut activities, past and present, included a broad variety of optical payloads. Space Station concepts now underway will provide interior facilities for controls and data analysis, and, exterior capabilities for instrument installations, free-flyer retrieval and servicing.


We summarized the research progress on the extraction and pharmacology of flavonoid compounds in chinese herbal medicines in this article.It offered a reference for other flavonoid compound research.


The article deals with the essense and characteristics of management by organizational and educational activity of non- governmental institutions in the field of social protection of children and youth; the basic management functions in the social sphere are analyzed with accounting of specific of non- government institutions; reflects the organizational structu1re of non-governmental institutions and main directions of its activities in conditions of increase of civil society influence in the field of social protection of children and youth


Each new generation of remote sensing system typically follows the same evolutionary path from the laboratory to everyday use. For example, the first digital film scanners were actually densitometers with engineering grade servo systems driving them in a pattern across the film with fragile, purpose-built software capturing and converting the data. As the technology matures, it evolves through hardened engineering systems, specialty commercial solutions and, if the market will sustain volume, into a commodity. An inevitable parallel is a declining price in the product being produced by the system. However, how does one emulate this necessary evolution when the volume of the technology is too low to allow it to follow this course? Such was the challenge faced by fugro EarthData as their CeoSAR system matured from a one-off experimental system developed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) into a production system with commercial throughput and reliability expectations. The avenue chosen by Fugro EarthData was to envelop the unique GeoSAR processing algorithms into the Geocue enterprise workflow management system.


Developed within the research line called "heterogeneity of urban poverty", this study aims to investigate a central aspect of this heterogeneity that concerns different ways of living in a metropolis. Based on the perspective of demographic studies, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of this reality. We start from the assumption that the composition and production of urban space and all its heterogeneity - and inequality -, particularly the popular settlements, are also partly a reflection of socio-demographic characteristics that are specific to the resident population. The research aims to analyze the relationship of the different stages of the family life cycle (or course of individual life) and immigration status with housing alternatives that are developed so that people have a place to


This current work of investigation focuses it content to the acquisition of knowledge and learning of networks and communications based on WIMAX technology, oriented specially to graduated students and professionals from career of Engineering in Systems from National University of Loja.
This project of investigation involves into its context a simulator system, which allows the creation of MAN networks incorporated into an ISP that uses WIMAX technology, the same can basically identify the necessary elements that could integrate a WIMAX network, also, it can set configurations in the simulated computers in order to do a link, give permissions and allocate bandwidth, in addition, allows to verify the connectivity between computers linked.
In order to achieve this, we have had to implement generation algorithms and ip address control, of search, of validation and other methods to facilitate proper communication between the various elements of the simulated network within SISP system.
The project was carried out under the ICONIX rapid development environment which evolved with advances in the project, and at sequentially, using the programming tool like Eclipse and NetBeans java platform.


The extent of the Foy Offset Dike is controlled by a radial conditions in which to fonn. We believe radial dike fault/fracture which is connected by a widened neck, known as emplacement is not likely produced during the excavation the embayment, to the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex stage since other craters do not possess such features. Also, (SIC). The Foy Offset Dike is known to be the longest pressures upon excavation are not conducive to the opening of structure of its kind, extending -37 km northwards into the fractures and melt injection. We propose a novel interpretation Superior Province. Main dike lithologies, away from the for the Foy, as a radial dilation fracture that was generated embayment, comprise a polymict impact melt breccia during the rebound of the collapsing transient cavity during enclosed within an igneous groundmass of granodioritic the modification stage of cratering. composition. The embayment groundmass is of quartz dioritic The inclusion-poor margins are interpreted to be the result (QD) composition. Substantial ore reserves, associated with of a depressed crystallization temperature associated with the dike, could become the subject of future mining increased water content from wall rocks. This efficiently aids operations. For this reason it may prove important to the assimilation of inclusions. We interpret embayment rocks understand the circumstances under which these deposits were as a captured differentiate from the evolving SIC. The formed. geochemical signature of the main dike rocks represent the Various lithologies have been identified within the dike bulk chemical composition of the target rocks. The and embayment. These lithological variations have subtle and proportions of inclusion lithologies and their distribution with discreet geochemical differences. The ratio of inclusions to strike are inconsistent with lateral injection from the SIC melt has also been quantified using point count analysis on outwards, as has previously been interpreted. The dominant various outcrops. Collectively, these data can be used to inclusion lithology is representative of the adjacent host rock. interpret the emplacement mechanism of the dike. Crater scaling equations suggest that the Sudbury structure Radial dikes are only found at Sudbury and at no other could be the largest meteoritic impact on Earth. impact structure. As such they require a unique set of


A method for experimentally selecting proper silicon-on-insulator MOSFET models for circuit simulation is described, verified, and demonstrated. The selection criteria are derived from steady-state current-voltage characteristics predicted by thin-film and (semi-)bulk models. The necessity for proper model selection is emphasized by revealing significant simulation errors that result from seemingly valid but actually empirical models. >


A stochastic optimization model for the design and scheduling of batch chemical processes is developed in a Two-Stage Stochastic Programming framework, with the uncertainty formulated through a number of discrete scenarios. The sparse model presents binary variables in the first stage and systematically generalizes a deterministic model chosen from the literature, in an approach based on computational complexity. The combination of single product campaign (SPC) with multiple machines was found to be the most promising from a computational standpoint, and it is here generalized toward a stochastic environment within the relaxation of the soft demand constraints. Numerical examples are presented, and the results point to a significant reduction of 8-20 % of the investment costs in comparison to the SPC non-relaxed case, without real losses if the multiple product campaign (MPC) policy is adopted. Keywords: robust optimization, two-stage stochastic programming, design, scheduling, batch processes. 2000 MSC: 90B36.


Recently, we reported a fast and simple iterative inverse Fourier transform algorithm that allows for the first time to determine the second-order optical nonlinearity profile of thin films uniquely from a classical Maker fringe measurement. In this work, we have applied this novel technique to study the quantitative effects of the poling time and poling field on the second-order nonlinearity profile of thermally poled silica (Infrasil) samples. This study has enabled us to optimize the poling conditions and produce a record peak nonlinear coefficient d33 of 1.35 pm/V (poling at 9.6 MV/m and 280 °C for 15 minutes). This coefficient is 70% larger than typical values reported for conventional poling conditions (~5 MV/m for 15 minutes). This investigation also yielded values for a number of interesting poling parameters, in particular the diffusion depth of the positive species injected into the sample during poling as a function of poling conditions. These results are important for understanding the physics of the induced nonlinearity and for optimizing future optical devices in poled silica.


In 2005, the Southern California Region had the honor of winning both the New and Transfer Projects Lawrence Patient Safety Awards: "Patient Safety Executive Walkarounds" won in the new project category; "Perinatal Patient Safety Project" won in the transfer category. These winning projects were honored at the annual Lawrence Patient Safety Award Recognition dinner on December 6, 2005. We are pleased to publish the Executive Walkarounds project and a brief overview of the previously published Perinatal Safety Project.

Walkarounds are a gloriously low-tech and relatively informal intervention encouraging staff to discuss safety concerns that might not otherwise get reported …


In the current thesis an inverted index was designed for Adroid sms messages which is speeding the information retrieval from the sms database.


Existing control system simulation maintenance training equipment aging, training methods, training content, equipment support can not keep up with the needs of training students in the new era, this paper plans to build a control system simulation maintenance training system, improve the simulation maintenance training equipment support needs and explore the simulation maintenance training law. In order to help students broaden the training channels in the daily learning process, simulated maintenance training has the advantages of openness, repeatability and low training cost. The Purpose and Meaning of the Study As a large-scale training institution in the field of mechanical equipment use and maintenance, there are more than 20 sets of maintenance training simulators for more than ten kinds of vehicles in our school, which basically cover all the common models in the field of mechanical equipment use and maintenance at this stage. Relying on these simulated training equipment, our laboratory has initiated a teaching and training mode featuring simulated teaching. At present, the training contents include the use and operation of control system, disassembly and assembly of components, maintenance and fault training. However, due to the lack of systematic research on equipment support construction, the number of supporting equipment is currently large. There are insufficient types, the construction of the training system is not perfect, and there is still a certain gap between the requirements of standardized training. This paper mainly studies the methods and means of simulation maintenance training for control system, combines the existing maintenance training simulator, explores the construction of simulation maintenance training system under standardized training conditions, demonstrates the requirements of support equipment, studies the law of simulation maintenance training, and carries out the actual maintenance training. The whole process of training and teaching is transferred to simulated maintenance training and teaching, giving full play to the maximum benefit of simulated maintenance training. Main


In early 2014 the GCG carried out an on-line survey to investigate: the present status of geological curators, potential networking with other groups, support levels for electronic delivery of our journal and newsletter, subjects requested for future workshops/training events, the need for a database of natural history collections, how to deliver skills sharing networks and future GCG activities. It would appear that most geological collections are managed by curators with additional subject specialist areas of responsibility but there is a core of experienced geological curators in the UK with responsibilities for large collections. Direct e-mailing and our JISCmail list are the best method for communication within our group. The largest overlap in our membership is with NatSCA but members listed 45 other organisations with 91% of the total responses welcoming closer links with other natural science collection organisations. A list of subjects are presented here that can act as a basis for planning future programmes and skills sharing networks. There were many requests for low-level training as well as for advice on specimen conservation issues. 74% would consider receiving a pdf and not hard copy of Geological Curator but this was higher for Coprolite (88%). Only 64% said that they see GCG as the first port of a call to answer questions on the management and use of geological collections. 'A louder voice for advocating geological collections' was considered the most important future role for the GCG. Finally 12 major action points summarising our proposed direction over the next three years are presented.


We give a multivariate generalization of Borell's noise stability theorem for Gaussian vectors. As a consequence we recover two inequalities, also due to Borell, for exit times of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.


In order to solve storage and computation cost problems for the traditional whole sampling image fusion algorithms, a new method of infrared and visible light image fusion is put forward based on compressed sensing (CS) theory. Nonsubsampled shearlet transform (NSST) is introduced as the sparse transform. Compressed sensing is applied to fuse the high frequency subbands decomposed by NSST. The high frequency coefficients are compressed for measured values which are fused by the rules of spatial frequency weighting. Regional energy together with regional standard deviation guides the fusion of the low frequency subband. Finally, the fused image is gained through inverse NSST. The experimental results show that high-quality fused images can be obtained with only one layer NSST. The fused image quality is better than the several traditional fusion algorithms based on compressed sensing.


This is a study of finding the term 'subjugation' in Qur'anic texts, which explores the possibility of looking differently to the concept of subjugation in holding some components between the varieties of some Suras that are usually encountered in the Qur'anic texts. It adopts some stylistic techniques from Leech and Short (2007) categorization of figures of speech and Athens (2015) components of subjugation are utilized for the analysis of the data under study. The main aim of this paper is to show how people subjugate to Allah's message based on force, domination, power and intimidation to control over them and to do what they are told. God intimidates people to worship Him for the purpose of making them feel safety in their life and in the Last Day (Judgment Day). This research used descriptive qualitative method. This paper attempts to identify the stylistic aspects of subjugation in certain Qur'anic texts, study aims at identifying the most common stylistic devices employed in using subjugation, showing the most frequent components of subjugation utilized in such texts and identifying the most frequently types of stylistics. It hypotheses that parallelism, metaphor, rhyme, emphasis and synonymia are more frequently used in Quranic texts, force and domination are the most frequently components employed, and phono-stylistics is the most frequently type of stylistics utilized in Quranic texts.


Fictional maimed images with complete virtue depicted by Zhuang Zi in his "Zhuang Zi? Nei Chapter?Dechong Fu"are of great significance in Chinese literature,for they mirror not only the existential predicament of the time,but also epitomize the two oritentations of life by contrasting virtuous yet maimed characters with ones of good appearance but dissolute behavior.Hence the images go beyond normal ways of thinking and direct towards human's inner world,reflecting surrational philosophic characteristics of Zhuang Zi.the successful depiction of such images has exerted far-reaching influence on traditional Chinese paintings as well as the portrayal of clestial beings in Chinese literature henceforwards.


The radiation characteristics of a class of two-dimensional reflector antennas is investigated. An array of radiators is used to control the aperture field distribution and hence the gain and the sidelobe levels of the far radiated fields. The method of moments is used to find the induced surface current distribution, the aperture field, and the far-field pattern. Since the problem is two-dimensional, all radiators are considered to be line sources. The numerical results show that the gain is increased and the sidelobe levels are greatly reduced for strip, corner, circular, and parabolic reflector antennas by using three line sources with proper choice of their positions, amplitudes, and phase.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a novel application of multilayer neural networks for online control of a class of base-excited inverted pendulums. The pendulum has two degrees of rotational freedom and its base-point moves freely in three-dimensional space. The goal is to apply control torques to keep the pendulum in a desired orientation, in spite of disturbing base-point movement. Four three-layered neural networks are trained online to represent the inverse dynamics of the plant within a controller. The conditions of training accuracy, to guarantee the stability of such a non-autonomous closed-loop system, are established using Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed neural controller is examined through simulations. Its performance is also compared with the performance of a Lyapunov controller from the most recent published work. It is shown that the proposed control scheme is simple in implementation in the sense that it does not require a mathematical model of the target pendulum or the measurement of the base-point movement. At the same time, it produces fast, yet well-damped responses with smooth control torques. The work presented here can benefit practical problems such as the study of stable locomotion of the human upper-body and bipedal robots.


Many African countries have been alleged to serve North Korea as sources of hard currency, by purchasing weapons and military equipment and/or bringing military trainers and construction workers from North Korea, in violation of United Nations (UN) sanctions on North Korea. Focusing on high-level bilateral meetings between South Korea and African states during the period of October 14, 2006-December 31, 2019, this study examines the extent to which South Korea has utilized bilateral diplomacy as a tool to seek African cooperation for North Korea's denuclearization and to dissuade African countries from helping North Korea evade sanctions. We find that North Korea's denuclearization and UN sanctions, overall, have received only peripheral attention in South Korea's bilateral diplomatic discourse with African states and there is no significant difference between progressive and conservative administrations in this regard. and UN on Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine South Korea's bilateral diplomatic engagement with African countries for African support on North Korea's denuclearization and UN sanctions on North Korea, focusing on high-level face-to-face meetings involving heads of government and ministers of foreign affairs of South Korea and African states. The study covers the period ensuing UN Security Council Resolution 1718, passed on October 14, 2006 in response to North Korea's first nuclear test, up to December 31, 2019. Specifically, we examine (1) the overall significance of North Korea's denuclearization and UN Security Council sanctions in high-level bilateral meetings between South Korea and African countries and (2) whether the different approaches of the progressive and conservative South Korean administrations to North Korea have had any effect on addressing those


Abstract Polycrystalline samples of LaRh2Ga2 with the centrosymmetric CaBe2Ge2 type structure were obtained by arc-melting. Small single crystals were grown through a special annealing sequence in an induction furnace. The structures of two different crystals were refined from diffractometer data, confirming the centrosymmetric structure. The 2c Rh sites were refined with anharmonic atomic displacement parameters.


We calculate the baryon asymmetry value generated in the Scalar Field Condensate (SCF) baryogenesis model obtained in several inflationary scenarios and different reheating models. We provide analysis of the baryon asymmetry value obtained for more than 70 sets of parameters of the SCF model and the following inflationary scenarios, namely: new inflation, chaotic inflation, Starobinsky inflation, MSSM inflation, quintessential inflation. We considered both cases of efficient thermalization after inflation and delayed thermalization. We have found that the SFC baryogenesis model produces baryon asymmetry orders of magnitude bigger than the observed one for the following inflationary models: new inflation, new inflation model by Shafi and Vilenkin, MSSM inflation, chaotic inflation with high reheating temperature and the simplest Shafi–Vilenkin chaotic inflationary model. Strong diluting mechanisms are needed for these models to reduce the resultant baryon excess at low energies to its observational value today. We have found that a successful generation of the observed baryon asymmetry is possible by the SCF baryogenesis model in Modified Starobinsky inflation, chaotic inflation with low reheating temperature, chaotic inflation in SUGRA, and Quintessential inflation.


Abstract The article focuses on Virginia Woolf's novel, The Waves, a sui generis work, in which the writer explores metaphysical and epistemological issues such as the meaning of selfhood, time and identity as flux, silence and language, the self as defined by language, and other fundamental concerns. These topics are explored through a dualistic perspective. This duality permeates the entire structure of the novel through binary oppositions: the self as one/the self as plural; the lyrical/the novelistic; the mystical/the rational; narrative/formlessness; the embodied/the disembodied; potentiality/actuality; language/silence. Woolf's ambivalent approach is also at work in the way she uses language in the novel. The urge towards a teleological existence prompts her characters to turn events into a narrative that would arrange and combine them into one thread. The present article, however, shows that in The Waves the very human propensity to turn experience into a coherent story is countered by the opposite perception that this narrativizing drive is only an illusion.


The rapid rates of global biodiversity loss and the serious anthropogenic pressures currently affecting our marine ecosystems have increased the interest in and importance of understanding the role of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning. It is well known that biodiversity contributes to a plethora of ecosystem functions, and that benthic macrofauna have an influence on several functions that sedimentary ecosystems provide. Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships can however be very context dependent, which complicates our ability to generalize on the role of biodiversity and to predict the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functions and services. In this thesis, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships were examined in a variety of field studies in different ecosystems to elucidate the context-dependence of these relationships in heterogeneous real-world coastal zones. This included testing the effects of hypoxia, habitat characteristics and background biodiversity on the link between the fauna and the functioning in terms of benthic nutrient recycling. Hypoxia is a serious threat both in open and coastal waters, and its consequences for the benthic macrofauna-function link was investigated through sampling along natural gradients of increasing hypoxia, in a low-diversity as well as a higherdiversity coastal system. In both systems, the benthic macrofaunal communities were clearly decimated with declining oxygen conditions, although some species did show a higher tolerance of low oxygen concentrations. These species were likely important for the solute fluxes as long as the species could prevail, but during severe hypoxia and anoxia nutrient recycling processes were heavily altered, with markedly larger effluxes of ammonium and phosphate. A large variation in macrofaunal communities and solute fluxes was also observed between normoxic sites, with indications that even small variations in sediment organic material content and carbon/nitrogen ratio affected the relationships. The effects of environmental context in mediating ecosystem functioning were further assessed through sampling 18 sites on a gradient of grain size, from coarse sand to silty sediments, with varying organic material content and vegetation. Benthic macrofaunal community abundance, biomass and species richness was higher in coarser sediments and in habitats with more vegetation. Biomass and abundance of a few dominant species together with organic content, amount of roots and vegetation were indicated to contribute to nutrient recycling processes across the sedimentary gradient. Closer analyses suggested that the benthic macrofauna had a stronger influence on the ecosystem functions in muddy and medium sediments than in sandy sediment, despite the richer communities in the sandy sediments. Species redundancy is hypothesised to be important for the stability of ecosystems. Therefore redundancy patterns over space and their ability to reflect natural biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships across an extensive sandflat were explored. Redundancy over space was observed within the investigated functional groups, but the dominant species were indicated to drive the spatial distribution of the functional groups and the ecosystem functioning. In summary, these correlative field studies indicated that abundance and biomass of benthic macrofauna are important for nutrient recycling processes at the sediment-water interface, but the relationships are significantly mediated by environmental context. Hypoxic conditions in coastal zones are especially problematic because the heavily altered nutrient recycling processes and decimated macrofauna communities, can have severe consequences for overall functioning of the ecosystems. Furthermore, a few dominating species were suggested to be especially important for the investigated ecosystem functions regardless of large variations in species richness across studies. Hence, it is important to consider natural variability, as well as several measures of biodiversity, not only species richness, in BEF studies in order to obtain a more realistic understanding of the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in heterogeneous coastal areas. An improved understanding of the complex links within coastal ecosystems is a prerequisite for improved management and conservation.


Abstract Water is the most efficient source on earth. Water is the basic input of plants and also important to animals who survive the life. Plants requires 5075% of water while animals requires 65%. Rainfall is the main source of natural water resource. India has been irregular and as an average rainfall country. As per increasing level of population, urbanization, industrialization and decreasing level of tree land and global warming; water resource levels are decreasing suddenly. The total rechargeable fresh ground water resources are 33.93 BCM and only 17.18 BCM current withdrawals. Out of the 1531 watersheds, 76 are overexploited, 4 critical, 100 semicritical and 4 poor quality. We have to urgent need to recharge or manage the water sources artificially by Gully plug, Contour bunds, Gabion Structure, Percolation tanks, Dams/ Cement plug, Nala bunds, Sub surface Dyke methods and conserve easily. It is necessary to recharge the ground water as well surface water resource and this is a new era to conservation and management of water resource.


When it comes to torque control method, the traditional torque control method where the optimal mode gain is used has been chosen in many wind turbines. One of the major shortcomings of the traditional torque control method is slow response when it applies to large multi-MW wind turbines. Some modified torque control methods have been proposed to make response of multi-MW wind turbines faster. In this paper, a torque control method using a nonlinear parameter of aerodynamic torque for rotor speed is considered among them and the nonlinear parameter is obtained not in real time. Simulation results are presented for a 2MW wind turbine as the obtained nonlinear parameter is applied.


The X-ray microbeam system is an articulatory measurement system that tracks and records the positions of metal markers that are attached to articulatory organs including the tongue and jaw. In this work, articulatory data obtained with this system were used to examine articulatory variations of alveolar consonants in Japanese and English. Alveolar consonants often show apical and laminal variations . These are generally thought to be individual variations, but they are also known as language-specific varia tions, for a distinction is made between English [t] and French [t] . This study investigates these subtypes of [t] as well as [s] in Japanese and English , and discusses possible causal factors.


Both bats and birds are flying vertebrates that diverged early in evolution. Their flight mechanisms are different, and so are their auditory systems. They share a common ancestor in the Carboniferous era, but their auditory systems evolved in parallel and are not homologous (Clack 1997). However, other ancestral mammalian traits, such as moveable ears, multiple ossicles, and echolocation have modified the ear and the auditory system of bats. We discuss both species because they reveal neuroethological principles that relate neural activity to behavior.


The benefit of supplementing speechreading with frequency‐selective sound‐pressure information was studied by auditorily presenting this information to normal‐hearing listeners. The sound‐pressure levels in one or two frequency bands of the speech signal with center frequencies of 500, 1600, and 3160 Hz, respectively, and with 1‐ or 1/3‐ oct bandwidth were used to amplitude‐modulate pure‐tone carriers with frequencies equal to the center frequencies of the filter bands. Short sentences were presented to 18 normal‐hearing listeners under the conditions of speechreading‐only and speechreading combined with the sound‐pressure information. The mean number of correctly perceived syllables increased from 22.8% for speechreading‐only to 65.7% when sound‐pressure information was supplied in a single 1‐oct band at 500 Hz and to 86.7% with two 1‐oct bands at 500 and 3160 Hz, respectively. The latter signal scored only 26.7% correct syllables without accompanying visual information.


Abstract Volunteers sports and Insurance Nationwide budget cuts and corporation "downsizings" have threatened the existence of sports and recreational programs vital to our quality of life. Government agencies, from the federal level down to municipalities, along with corporations private agencies and nonprofit agencies, are increasingly turning to volunteers to support their programs. However, volunteerism creates new liabilities along with benefits. This presentation will explore the role of insurance as a means of such risk management issues. Included are: the various types of insurance available; what each covers; how to negotiate and select a policy contract suited to individual needs' how to negotiate and select a policy contract suited to individual needs; and financing insurance coverage. Sources include statutory laws along with texts, publications, official documents, and private interviews including a consultant specializing in nonprofit insurance. Insurance protection does not rule out the pos...


In this paper, the elevator complaint hotline data for a certain city in a certain year is been analyzed by ABC method, improved ABC method and ABC+AHP method respectively. The results are used to find the most concerned and concentrated problem in elevator complaints. It can be used as the basis for elevator safety management decision-making, and the basis for the design of elevator information construction.


Common-mode current effects on radiated emissions, due to imbalance between rise and fall time of the differential output of line drivers for high-speed digital signals, are investigated by experimental measurements, numerical and SPICE simulations. Three driver families are characterized: LV34 (RS422), LVDS, and LVPECL. Unshielded (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) of Cat. 5 were the cables used in this investigation in order to minimize the contribution due to the imbalance of the wires. The EMC performances of connectors such as 5/spl times/2 pins z-pack, RJ45 and Sub D 9 pins with STP cable are also presented.


High speed aerodynamic bodies are associated with high aerodynamic drag. Reduction of this drag is a necessary requirement, for which different active and passive control techniques have been proposed. In the present work, the concept of breathing blunt nose (BBN) for drag reduction at hypersonic speed has been applied to a long blunt nosed body at supersonic speed. Investigation on two breathing configurations has been done using CFD tools and effect of breathing on static aerodynamic coefficients particularly on axial force coefficient has been studied. The employed breathing configurations increase normal force coefficient and pitching moment coefficient by 5% and 10% respectively. The axial force coefficient is reduced by 3.3% and 4.4% for the two breathing configurations at α=0°. The Ca reduction increases linearly with angle of attack, and it reaches 6.25% and 6.4% at α=8°. The results of non-breathing body (NBB) have been validated quantitatively using experimental data; and the results of breathing configurations match qualitatively with those found in the literature.


-T~I~S catalog presents a listing of all species-group names associated with Odonata specimens currently housed in the type collection in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), Ann Arbor, MI. The names represent species described by P.P. Calvert, L.K. Gloyd, F. Forster, M.A. Lieftinck, C.H. Kennedy, F. Ris, E.B. Williamson and others, and transcription of data labels, reference and current status have been included. Alectotype is designated for Argia cyathigera Navis in order to stabilize that name. The following are new synonyms: Mecistogaster garleppi Forster, 1903 = Mecisfogaster buckleyi McLachlan, 1881; Argia a~lgustana NavAs, 1934 = Argia A ~~?cdullaris Hagen irz Selys, 1865; Argia dagizina Navis, 1914 = Avgia ilzdicatrix Calvert, 1902; Argia inaclzadiizn Navris, 1914 = Argia difficilis Selys, 1865; Argia inedii~eizsis Navis, 1935 = Argia gerhardi Calvert, 1909. Of 389 names, 85 are considered junior synonyms.


The China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL) is the deepest underground laboratory in operation in the world. The extremely low muon flux makes CJPL a good candidate to host low background experiments looking for rare events like neutrino-less double-beta decays (0νββ decay) or dark matter (DM) interactions. Feasibility and R&D studies are performed to combine these two searches in a common "One-Ton-Germanium facility" to be built in a low-background environment such as CJPL.


Gene and genotype frequencies are important in a population characterizing. Based on the frequency of these gene and genotype, distinctiveness of population can be determined (Arisuryanti et al., 2007). Gene frequencies of population can be changed if there are evolutionary forces (the factors that play a role in changing the allele and genotype frequencies), such as, mutation, migration, non-random mating, genetic drift and natural selection (Arisuryanti & Daryono, 2007). Migration and genetic drift were thought to be a factor that changed alleles and genotype frequencies in the population of Lampung. Witrianto (2010) showed migration programs that were triggered by the Dutch government, it was called colonization. Therefore, in the population of Lampung, indication of changes in allele and genotype frequencies were need to be evaluated. The results showed that frequency of alleles IA, IB and IO in the population were 0.17; 0.21 and 0.62, respectively. Frequency of genotype IAIA, IAIO, IBIB, IBIO, IAIB and IOIO were 0.290; 0.2108; 0.0441; 0.2604; 0.0650 and 0.3800, respectively. Chi Square test showed that the value of X2 were 0,07 (X2 < α critical value at 5% for dF = 3). It can be concluded that alleles and genotype distribution of ABO blood system in the population were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium law, so that the equilibrium legal status were applied in this population. Genetic drift and gene flow were not affected alleles and genotype changes. The process of microevolution were not occur in the population of people from the 61 B plot of Wonokarto village. Keywords: character of genetic population, post-colonization of Dutch government, the 61 B plot of Wonokarto village


Hungary has gone through profound constitutional changes in the past five years. The Hungarian justice system has also been affected by these changes. The question is how these structural reforms have influenced the efficiency and quality of judicial practice. The paper charts and evaluates the performance of the Hungarian court system in empirical terms and sheds light on the determining factors of court performance in Hungary. As a general conclusion the paper pays attention to the dangers of putting more emphasis on the surface numbers (such as speed of the trial) by court leaders than on enforcing the fair trial and substantive quality requirements. This should be taken seriously by any country that is seeking to reconstruct its justice system according to European expectations.


This study was conducted to determine the effect of plant growth regulators NAA and Kinetin on callus growth with cotyledon explants sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). Experiments conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Agriculture Faculty of Muria Kudus University, from April to September 2012. The research used factorial experiment with completely randomized block design (RCBD) consists of two factors, namely the three level NAA concentration is 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, and 1.0 ppm and the concentration of Kinetin with three level is 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm , 1.0 ppm, thus acquired 9 treatment combinations. In this study, sterile cotyledon callus began to grow on the seventh day after plant and further more developed into a callus on the entire surface of the cotyledons except on not treated in the control treatment did not grow callus but grows apical buds. While the callus that produced has a hard structure, dense texture with varied color from light green to light brown.


Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common causes of death. ALK rearrangements occur in 3% — 5% of patients with NSCLC. Over the past decade, multiple small molecule ALK inhibitors have been developed in treatment of ALK NSCLC. Compared to conventional chemotherapy drugs, the first generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib is currently approved for first line in ALK NSCLC due to its significant activity. However, the emergence of drug resistance restricted its clinical use. The next generation ALK inhibitor ceritinib and alectinib have been approved by FDA successively. More agents with improved safety, selectivity, and activity profiles are in the pipeline. These agents may have the potential to concur the emerging resistance of crizotinib and other approved drugs, which provides more options for ALK NSCLC patients.


There are conflicting reports regarding the prognostic value of platelet and other blood counts in glioblastoma. However, few series have looked at all hematologic parameters simultaneously.

 We performed a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with supratentorial glioblastoma from 2014-2019 who started conventional chemoradiation following initial surgical biopsy and/or resection. Hematologic parameters were collected at baseline, in the preoperative and postoperative periods and at the initiation and completion of chemoradiation. This included platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts with neutrophil:lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet:lymphocyte ratios (PLR) calculated at each time point. Cox regression was performed to assess the association between each hematologic parameter and both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for all hematologic parameters, age, sex, race and KPS was generated for each time point. All hematologic parameters were modeled as continuous variables.

 A total of 58 patients met inclusion criteria. 18 were female and 40 male. The median age was 59.5 (range 43-82). Median follow up for all patients was 15.3 months. A total of 52 patients completed radiation therapy and 18 completed 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Hemoglobin and neutrophil counts at the conclusion of chemoradiation were associated with OS and PFS on univariate and multivariate analyses. The HR for OS were 0.74 (95% CI 0.5807-0.9313) and 1.28 (1.143-1.441) respectively. The HR for PFS were 0.70 (0.5531-0.8881) and 1.16 (1.05-1.271) respectively. Postoperative lymphocyte and platelet counts at initiation of chemoradiation were both associated with OS with unadjusted HR of 3.2 (1.037-9.960) and HR of 0.99 (0.9898-0.9999) respectively, which remained significant on multivariate analysis. However, neither were associated with PFS.

 Several hematologic parameters are associated with glioblastoma outcomes in these initial analyses. Further analyses with additional patients are ongoing.


The design and operation of the hot-cell calciner and its associated equipment are described. The operation is on a continuous basis and is applied to the fixation of radioactive waste in a stable solid medium. The calcination method is applied to Purex Process waste. The equipment can be operated in a shielded cell either as a spray calciner or as a pot caliner in order to test waste calcination with actual, full-level wastes. Several cold runs will be made to study calcination characteristics of the radioactive waste, associated off-gas treatment problems, thermal properties of the waste calcine, and operation techiques and problems. (N.W.R.)


Study describes a specified analytical method and model for the organisational management of a company. The proposed solutions allow for revealing information resources, which can be used to support management decisions adoption and control of plans. Information obtained from programs and information systems of the electronic document flow of organisations were used as data sources. The result of configuration investigation and characteristics of information exchange in information systems can be used as administrative decisions support in the organisation. The conducted research allows for improved approaches to the creation and modernisation of effective information systems of universities. The offered software of administrative activity support allows us to increase the flexibility and adaptability of existing information systems and electronic document flow (program complexes) to increase the efficiency of their operations.


Although it has been shown that upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1&agr; is protective in acute ischemic renal injury, long-term overactivation of HIF-1&agr; is implicated to be injurious in chronic kidney diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a well-known pathogenic factor producing chronic renal injury and has also been shown to increase HIF-1&agr;. However, the contribution of HIF-1&agr; to Ang II–induced renal injury has not been evidenced. The present study tested the hypothesis that HIF-1&agr; mediates Ang II–induced renal injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Chronic renal injury was induced by Ang II infusion (200 ng/kg per minute) for 2 weeks in uninephrectomized rats. Transfection of vectors expressing HIF-1&agr; small hairpin RNA into the kidneys knocked down HIF-1&agr; gene expression by 70%, blocked Ang II–induced HIF-1&agr; activation, and significantly attenuated Ang II–induced albuminuria, which was accompanied by inhibition of Ang II–induced vascular endothelial growth factor, a known glomerular permeability factor, in glomeruli. HIF-1&agr; small hairpin RNA also significantly improved the glomerular morphological damage induced by Ang II. Furthermore, HIF-1&agr; small hairpin RNA blocked Ang II–induced upregulation of collagen and &agr;-smooth muscle actin in tubulointerstitial region. There was no difference in creatinine clearance and Ang II–induced increase in blood pressure. HIF-1&agr; small hairpin RNA had no effect on Ang II–induced reduction in renal blood flow and hypoxia in the kidneys. These data suggested that overactivation of HIF-1&agr;–mediated gene regulation in the kidney is a pathogenic pathway mediating Ang II–induced chronic renal injuries, and normalization of overactivated HIF-1&agr; may be used as a treatment strategy for chronic kidney damages associated with excessive Ang II.


We construct a family of generalized coherent states attached to Landau levels of a charged particle moving in the Poincaré disc under a perpendicular uniform magnetic field. The corresponding coherent state transforms enable us to connect, by an integral transform, spaces of bound states of the particle with the space of square integrable functions on the real line. The established connection provides us with a new way to obtain hyperbolic Landau states.


A Smart Cities focuses on the way we live. Smart governments are also acknowledged as augmentations of electronic governments based on the Internet of Things (IoT). There are many existing challenges in the environment such as, research in gadgets, framework and programming etc. Particularly, the Smart Cities are facing difficulties with IoT frameworks, systems administration, independent registration, wearable sensors, gadgets and systematization of aggregates including human beings as well as programming specialists. This paper incorporates role of Smart Cities in various domains such as smart infrastructure, smart building, smart security and so on. Moreover, the work depicts the IoT technologies for Smart Cities and the primary components along with the features of Smart Cities. This paper is based on technologies for Smart Cities which will benefit citizens by facilitating a platform for integrating all the resources and prompt communication of information. Furthermore, merits, demerits and main challenges of Smart Cities are discussed.


We present a general theorem that can be used to identify the limiting distribution for a class of combinatorial schemata. For example, many parameters in random mappings can be covered in this way. In particular, we can derive the limiting distribution of those points with a given number of total predecessors.


Techniques to analyze optical waveforms with high resolution are discussed. Emphasis is on all-optical sampling that offers high resolution with excellent sensitivity.


We describe a system designed for automatic extraction and segmentation of didjeridu and clapsticks from certain styles of traditional Aboriginal Australian music. For didjeridu, we locate the start of notes using a complexdomain note onset detection algorithm, and use the detected onsets as cues for determining the harmonic series of sinusoids belonging to the didjeridu. The harmonic series is hypothesised, based on prior knowledge of the fundamental frequency of the didjeridu, and the most likely hypothesis is assumed. For clapsticks, we use independent subspace analysis to split the signal into harmonic and percussive components, followed by classification of the independent components. Finally, we identify areas in which the system can be enhanced to improve accuracy and also to extract a wider range of musically-relevant features. These include algorithms such as high frequency content techniques, and also computing the morphology of the didjeridu.


ON THE SO-CALLED "SZTOLNIA BEDS" IN THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT OF POLAND The authors discuss the problems of age and stratigraphic-tectonic position of some flysch beds in the Pieniny Klippen Belt of Poland, known so far as the Flysch Aalenian. It was Sikora (1962a, b) who renamed these flysch beds as the "Sztolnia Beds", and tried to prove their Cenomanian age. The geological investigations carried out by K. Birkenmajer, and the micropalaeontological analysis performed by O. Pazdro, support, however, the Aalenian age of the beds in question. K. Birkenmajer presents, moreover, a stratigraphical column of the Magura Series of the northern border of the Pieniny Klippen Belt east of Szczawnica, discusses the relation of the transgressive Palaeogene Mantle to the Klippen series, and the role of the Laramide folding.


Farmers in Assam's North Bank Plains Zone are generally resource-poor and have limited adaptation ability; rainfall anomalies make the Zone's rainfed agriculture very sensitive, risky, and unprofitable. Participatory on-farm trials involving 25 farmers (5 from each village) representing different land situations for evaluating various adaptive strategies on rice-based cropping systems were conducted from 2011 to 2020. Ten years of rainfall data (2011-2021) are evaluated in connection to dry spells and their effects on rainfed rice-based farming systems. The village receives 2848.5 mm of annual rainfall, with distribution patterns of 25%, 67%, 5.0%, and 3% during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. Among the years under study, it has been observed that during 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020, the district received excess annual rainfall and deficit in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019 and 2021,respectively. The current studies were designed with two primary strategic components in mind viz., Real-time Contingency Planning (RTCP) and Preparedness. Interventions under the RTCP were designed to deal with delayed monsoon onset, early-season drought, mid-season dryspell, and terminal drought in winter rice and rabi crops. Preparedness includes changes in cropping pattern, in situ and ex situ rainwater management systems, alternate land use under low-cost polyhouse, mushroom cultivation, vermicompost production, fodder bank and village seed bank to cope with weather aberrations. An increase in yield of HYV rice varieties Ranjit (33%), Mahsuri (12.3%) and Gitesh (32%) was observed when sowing was done before 15 June over late sowing conditions. An increase in yield of 21.73 % and 44.60%. 58.67% as compared to farmers' Practice during 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2016-17 respectively, has been observed. The performance of double cropping systems recorded the highest B: C ratio of 2.03 and 1.75 in winter rice + rapeseed followed by winter rice + potato sequence as compared to mono-cropping of winter rice.


In this paper we develop mathematical models for 3-D, 2-D and one-dimensional hyperbolic heat
equations (wave equation or telegraph equation) with inner source power and construct their analytical
solutions for the determination of the initial heat flux for cylindrical sample. In some cases we give expression
of wave energy. Some solutions of time inverse problems are obtained in the form of first kind Fredholm
integral equation, but others has been obtained in closed analytical form as series. We viewed both direct and
inverse problems at the time.


This paper addresses the theories of using predictive analysis and Data Mining in arriving at suitable patterns and predicting paths and trends in the current Employment Scenario more specifically to the Engineering sector. India produces 1.5 million engineers every year, and yet there is a significant gap between their skills and the jobs and corresponding salaries they are offered. Recognizing the factors that influence this gap can help us bridge it. The survey shows that the ideal route to doing so, is by employing various Predictive analysis and Data Mining techniques on appropriate data sets, which help in addressing these issues. As per the survey, appropriate visualization techniques have also been used to extract the meaning from the prediction and analysis.


Mesothelioma is a diffuse neoplasia of the membranes serous pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and tunica vaginalis. It is rare in all animal species. The clinical signs are secondary to the intracavitary increase of effusion, characteristic of this type of tumor. It is also observed dyspnea, increase of abdominal volume, signs of direct congestive cardiac insufficient, among others. The final diagnosis is achieved with histopathological test. There is no effective treatment. Cisplatin is the drug of choice for palliative therapy. This paper reports a case of pleural mesothelioma, diagnosable in necropsy of a Rottweiler male dog. The disease was progressive, with a brief interval since the first treatment, until the death of the patient. Clinically, the dog appeared to suffer great dyspnea due the increase of intrapleural hemorrhagic effusion. The adopted therapy was based in clinical signs and complementary clinical tests. This neoplasia has, indubitably, an unfavorable prognosis.


Increasingly, health is recognized as a major force for economic development; and because economic development is central to political and social stability, health is being looked at as the great hope for the future of the world, as population sizes and disparities among them increase. This perspective has been growing ever since the 1993 World Development Report was released by the World Bank, and it has fueled an intensive scrutiny of health care around the world, focusing on systems and health care delivery on the one hand, and equitable access to the products of research on the other hand. In the middle of all of is this is a concern about how health care (which must include both the training of personnel from the basic low level health care worker to the physician), and research and development (which must include the financing of research in academia and the development of products primarily in the private sector) are organized, and how they do or do not address inequities between and within populations and nations.


Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who need to be thanked for helping me to complete this thesis and aiding in my personal development during my time at UMass. Foremost is my advisor, Mike Williams, whom I thank for his constant encouragement, patience and willingness to teach. Without his advising I would not have grown nearly as much in knowledge and experience as I have in the last two years. I have had many other great owe many thanks. A special thanks to Jercinovic for all the microprobe education. A cohort of grad students made the time all the more enjoyable: Corenthal. Mike Doe is thanked for data, many a synergistic conversation, truly scientific encouragement and a grand tour of Tonto Basin geology. Karl Karlstrom helped me develop my ideas and generously included samples relevant to my thesis in his ALC run. Doe, Karlstrom and Dave Powicki all made very helpful field visits to collect samples. I thank my lovely future wife, Alyssa, for sanity and support along the way. The people of the Newman Grad Group offered spiritual grounding. I am endlessly grateful to my Mom and Dad for giving me many great opportunities. I am especially indebted to my Dad for getting me into this whole business of geology in the first place and giving me a running start to life in general. In the fall I will be starting a Ph.D. at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. The Four Peaks area in central Arizona has been selected as an ideal location to tightly constrain the timing of deformation. The area hosts a package of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks that are folded into a kilometer-scale syncline, surrounded by vi Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic granitoids. The Four Peaks syncline has been considered a type example of Mazatzal-age deformation (Karlstrom and Bowring, 1988). Zircon and monazite geochronology are presented along with structural and petrologic data in order to understand the geologic history of the Four Peaks area. The evidence suggests that three deformation events occurred significant disconformity in between these episodes. Both the Mazatzal and Picuris orogenies can be associated with periods of deformation, sedimentary deposition and pluton emplacement. The most significant shortening event, which formed the Four Peaks syncline, occurred during Mesoproterozoic time and was related to the Picuris orogeny.


A series of unusually large hunter-gatherer winter villages emerged along the Fraser River in the Lillooet region of British Columbia during the last 3,000 years. Population estimates for these villages range from 500-1,000. Salmon heavily dominated the subsistence economy of these groups. We believe that these groups were socially and economically more complex than subsequent inhabitants. Village size and complexity seem to achieve maximum development from 1000-2000 B.P. About 1,000 years ago it appears that all of the large villages in the Lillooet region were abandoned and never reoccupied to any significant degree. Numerous causes for this apparent cultural collapse have been considered. Recent geomorphological research on landslides and terraces in the Lillooet region make failure of salmon runs due to catastrophic landslides that dammed the Fraser River the most likely explanation for the apparently abrupt abandonment of the large Lillooet villages.


Tannery industries employ great amounts of water; because most of their processes occur in an aqueous medium. This leads to the generation of high wastewater flowrates which will have to be treated due to the relatively high concentrations of some pollutant species. The attending paper presents this problematic throughout a case study in Rio Grande do Sul, state of Brazil. It establishes the water consumption in each stage of leather processing. In order to achieve the reduction in the total water consumption, herein it is proposed the water reuse technique in some stages of the process. Experimental results, on industrial scale, are shown so that the methodology is demonstrated to be successful. Water reuse reduces the load of the wastewater treatment plant as well as it reduces the costs. Research on water demand in tanneries defines water consumption for each stage: beamhouse, tanning and pos-tanning operations. It is known that tanneries make use of water in an uncontrolled manner, usually higher than actually would be necessary. Additional, most of the stages use fresh waters from artesian wells or from rivers. Recycling technique is current in liming operation. This paper shows that reuse and recycle techniques could be applied for other operations. Alternatives of water reuse were evaluated through the analysis of the process's wastewater to estimate the concentration of some contaminant parameters. The study was carried out on industrial scale. These parameters are indicators to evaluate the water quality according with the objectives of the reuse system. During analysis, it was tested reuse in the pre-deliming and deliming stages, using 100% of the effluent from bating washing. The parameters analyzed in the process's wastewater with reuse practice did not present any considerable difference when one compared with the conventional process. It demonstrates the viability of reuse practice in tannery industry. This study is of great importance to the environmental and to tannery industry, because the reuse technology aims at a solution to water minimization that results in the maximum environmental protection and cost reduction.


This paper introduces an emulational design software which can be used to design a Microstrip Lowpass with ADS, and puts forward some points we should pay attention to during using the ADS.


The enterprise logistics is a "third party source of profits",it will produce great economical benefit,efficiency and competition of enterprises will be greatly improved;This paper discusses the manufacturing status of the internal logistics system operation and emphasized the overall coordination and planning;From whole to parts,explore and optimize the logistics information system in an effective way,and system optimization process is given a number of specific design.


This paper highlights contributions of A Democratic Bearing, especially its conceptualization of domination and the demos, and argues that the liberal limitation of power (economic, social and political) is an important supplement to deliberative democracy in sustaining the 'democratic bearing' model of citizenship that the book calls for.


The prevalence today of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis among the adult population is linked to causative factors from both stress and diet. Twenty percent of adults are estimated to be suffering from IBS alone with symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and constipation and/or loose stools. Certain foods including: caffeine, coffee, decaffeinated coffee, insoluble fiber, alcohol, chocolate, hot spices, carbonated drinks and foods high in fat can trigger IBS symptoms. 1,2,3 Additionally, certain food intolerances may trigger IBS like dairy products and gluten containing grains.


The paper deals with the issue of functioning of the legal political language in Russian public thought of XVIII century. The author demonstrates that for XVIII century Russian elites legal categories were inferior in comparison with the moral categories of the political analysis. The Russian political culture was dominated by the court communication sphere with panegyric, manifesto and report as its main genres and therefore was not sensitive to the theories of natural law and contractualism, staying closer to moralism of Leibniz rather than natural law jurisprudence of Pufendorf. However, in Russia the court political discourse also embraced the idea of miracle, a direct intervention of Providence into the political life, which reflected in the legitimation of several palace coups. The court elites were treating the law as a classification of administrative regulations and the necessity of punishing the vices and rewarding the virtues, just as Godly justice did. In turn, the growing public sphere also had little interest in the juridical glossaries, preferring to debate the moral, historical and economic texts. The author concludes that the weakness of the juridical doctrines in XVIII century Russia was conditioned by the specifics of Russian political system.


Although invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) represents the most common histological type of breast cancer, minor subtypes exist such as mucinous breast cancer (MuBC). MuBC are distinguished by tumor cells floating in extracellular mucin. MuBC patients are generally older and associated with a favorable prognosis. To unravel the molecular architecture of MuBC, we applied low-pass whole-genome sequencing and microscopic evaluation of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes to 30 MuBC from a retrospective institutional cohort. We further analyzed two independent datasets from the International Cancer Genomics Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genomic data (n ¼ 26 MuBC, n ¼ 535 estrogen receptor [ER] positive/ HER2-negative IDC), methylation data (n ¼ 28 MuBC, n ¼ 529 ER-positive/HER2-negative IDC), and transcriptomic data (n ¼ 27 MuBC, n ¼ 467 ER-positive/HER2-negative IDC) were analyzed. MuBC was characterized by low tumor infiltrating lymphocyte levels (median ¼ 0.0%, average ¼ 3.4%, 95% confidence interval ¼ 1.9% to 4.9%). Compared with IDC, MuBC had a lower genomic instability ( P ¼ .01, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test) and a decreased


The phenomenon of layoffs,restructuring or even filed for bankruptcy since last year which happened on the major investment banks on WallStreet given a warning to the investment banking of China.By analyzed the present situation of china's investment banking,the article first pointed out that the characteristics of Small—scale,Single—business and lack of professionals and then the corresponding countermeasures and proposals were given.


This article has described the commonly used temperature-viscosity control method in auto finishing process, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of some typical temperature control system. The calculation for heat exchange system is given.


Highly reliable data transmission using Reed-Solomon(RS)/convolutional concatenated coding in conjunction with hybrid type-I automatic retransmission request (ARQ) is investigated. The study is based on an analysis of the tradeoff between error correction and error detection capabilities of RS codes for the direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. Two RS decoding schemes are considered: error-only decoding (decoding without side information) and error-and-erasure (EE) decoding. In the EE scheme, the inner code is decoded with a modified Viterbi algorithm, which produces reliable information along with the decoded output. Numerical results illustrate the importance of properly selecting the design parameters for the purpose of maximizing spectral efficiency. The results also show that an E/sub b//N/sub 0/ gain of 0.1 to 0.5 dB can be obtained by using EE decoding, depending on the selected parameters.


Experiments using subcritical H2O (365 °C) and various industrial gases (500 psi cold pressure of N2, H2, CO, or CO2) have been considered previously for the conversion of Organosolv lignin (representative of lignin-derived compounds generated from the production of bioethanol from woody biomass sources) into value-added products. The findings indicated that subcritical H2O can be used to depolymerize lignin into GC amenable compounds with or without added gas pressures, though adding gas further modified the types of products generated. However, the roles of the combined effect of subcritical H2O and the gases were not confirmed, as the reaction chemistry for lignin depolymerization at these conditions is not intuitive. Thus, experiments with subcritical H2O, the aforementioned industrial gases and lignin-related model compounds (i.e., aromatic aldehydes represented by vanillin and syringaldehyde, aromatic ketones represented by acetovanillone and acetosyringone, and aromatic ethers represented by dibenz...


Modeling and Simulation Aided Verification of Analog/Mixed-Signal Circuits Scott Little and Chris Myers University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA {little,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Analog/Mixed-signal (AMS) circuit verification is a growing problem as process variation increases and AMS circuits become more functionally complex. To improve analog verification flows, AMS circuit models are needed at different levels of abstraction. This paper discusses recent work and future directions for abstract model generation and simulation aided verification of AMS circuits. In particular, a CMOS ring oscillator with feedforward inverters is used as a motivating example for the work. This example highlights progress and future directions in AMS modeling and verification. Analog/Mixed-signal (AMS) circuit verification is a growing problem as process variation increases and AMS circuits become more functionally complex. To improve analog verification flows, AMS circuit models are needed at different levels of abstraction. This paper discusses recent work and future directions for abstract model generation and simulation aided verification of AMS circuits. In particular, a CMOS ring oscillator with feedforward inverters is used as a motivating example for the work. This example highlights progress and future directions in AMS modeling and verification.


The goal of this study was to investigate the soil particle-size distribution (PSD) and pore structure characteristics in the Kubuqi Desert in order to provide basic data for gaining insights into the soil-modifying properties of the local vegetation. Based on laser diffraction analysis, we measured the soil PSD and calculated the single and multi-fractal dimensions of the soils under typical artificial forest and natural grassland vegetation. The diameters, volumes and surface areas of the soil pores were determined via nitrogen adsorption experiments. The relationships between the fractal characteristics and pore structure parameters of the soil were investigated via redundancy analysis and stepwise regression. The clay content was less than 2.0%, and the sand content was greater than 75.0%. There was variability in the PSD and fractal dimension, which was mainly observed for the 0–20 cm, 20–80 cm, and 80–100 cm soil layers. In the 0–80 cm, the fine particle content, single fractal dimension (D), entropy dimension (D 1), ratio of D 1 to the capacity dimension (D 1 /D 0), and correlation dimension (D 2) were smaller for the forest soils than for the grassland soils. The fine particle (clay and silt) content of the 80–100 cm soil layer was approximately 37.8% higher for the Salix psammophila-8a than for the Salix psammophila-3a, and it was approximately 161.4% higher for the Populus popular-35a than for the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica-8a. The silt content, D 1, D 1 /D 0, and D 2 were significantly positively correlated with the specific surface area (SSA), total pore volume (TPV), and average pore diameter (APD) of the nanopores (p < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001), and they were significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of the micropore volume (PMV) (p < 0.05 or 0.01). In the Kubuqi Desert, the fine particle content and fractal dimensions of the soil layer below the root zone of shrub and arbor vegetation increased with increasing stand age, but the trend was reversed in the shallower soil layers. The variability of the soil PSD characteristics was strongly correlated with the variability of the nanopore parameters on the microscopic scale, suggesting that the total pore volume, average pore diameter, and percentage of the micropore volume may be potential indicators of the soil structure and quality.


The worst condition of hot carrier stress in the N-LDMOSFET under different conditions of the regional doping concentration of devices is studied from the perspective of MOSFET hot carrier effect.Then based on the simulation results and certain working conditions,the degradation trends of devices under different doping concentration are analyzed.The different causes of the degradation of devices are analyzed,focusing on the relationship between the channel doping and drift region doping and the hot carrier effect.Accordingly,the optimization strategies for the regional doping in N-LDNMOS are proposed.


The product of the retinobbastoma-related human gene Rb2/p130 is highly homologous with the product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (pRb) and Rbrelated p1 07. This homology is shared mainly in the pocket domain, a region that seems to play a key role in the functions of these proteins. Here we report the molecular cloning and initial characterization of the cDNA encoding the murine homobogue of the human Rb2/p130 gene product. The 4.8-kb cDNA encodes a protein of 1 1 25 amino acids that shows 90% identity to that of the human protein. The Rb2/p130 mRNA is found to be expressed in all of the adult mouse tissues examined, with the highest level being detected in kidney and skeletal muscle. For the protein characterization, we used a polycbonal antibody raised against the COOH terminus of the human Rb2/pl 30 protein that also recognizes the mouse protein. In developing mouse embryos, the Rb2/pl 30 protein is expressed as early as day 10 of gestation and reached a peak of expression around day 1 3 of gestation, implying a developmental regulation of the Rb2/p130 gene in murine ontogeny.


Picture this - Spring Break, senior year and you travel to the Shore with a group of friends. All of you decide to get matching tattoos. Fast forward 10 ...


The orange juice industry produces, at the end of the residue extraction, a by-product called orange press liquor. Considering its high content of soluble solids and the large volume of the liquor produced in Brazilian orange juice plants, an earlier study was conducted on the technical viability of using orange press liquor as raw material for a new distilled beverage, with promising results. With a view to increasing efficiency and possibly attracting investments in the growing international market for new and exotic beverages, the aim of the present study was to optimize the orange press liquor spirit process and to evaluate the economic aspects of its production. The results showed that this process can yield a good quality beverage, comparable to the sugar cane spirit cachaca and other similar products, as well as having economic advantages and potential for immediate further growth, without extra investment costs.


Developmental Therapy is a psychoeducational approach to educating emotionally and behaviorally disordered children, which was developed by Dr. Mary M. Wood and her associates at the Rutland Psychoeducational Center in Athens, Georgia. The approach emphasizes the teaching of skills for normal social and emotional behavior by focusing on the developmental milestones that all children face. These milestones are ordered, sequential stages through which all children pass in the development of thinking, feeling, and behaving. According to the theory of developmental therapy something has gone awry in the passage of emotionally or behaviorally handicapped children through these stages. It is the task of the educator, through the use of the highly positive and sequentially structured developmental therapy approach, to rehabilitate these children. Developmental therapy uses a therapeutic curriculum with developmental objectives as guidelines for treatment. The developmental curriculum consists of four areas: behavior, communication, socialization, and academics. The teacher, by using the Developmental Therapy Objectives Rating Form (DTORF), locates the child's stage of development in each of the four areas. Students are grouped in accordance with their particular stage of development. Educational activities, materials, behavior management strategies, and individual education plan goals are formulated in accordance with the social-emotional level. The developmental therapy program, therefore, is conducted differently at each of the five stages of development. Students in the first stage of development (the most severely handicapped) are characterized by distorted fears and extreme disorganization. The goal of the developmental therapist with children in this stage is to teach


Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and tomato mosaic virus together caused more damage to tomato plants than alone thereby showing a synergistic effect. Both pathogens were antagonistic to each other. However, the dominance of one pathogen over the other was dependent on the rime of establishment of the pathogen.


Extra support of the guiding catheter is required in selected cases of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We describe two successful cases of PCI of very calcified and tortuous right coronary arteries in which a novel telescopic guide system was devised. The system utilizes a long sheath that "armors" the guide catheter. The operator can adjust the support of the guiding system from soft up to extremely stiff. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In the present paper, the authors present the results of a
qualitatively oriented research probe undertaken with faculty
teacher trainers at one stage in their career development. The
substantive content of the evaluation is interpreted from the
point of view of university teachers – experts who are
responsible for the level of theoretical and practical
training. Based on the self-reflection of research participants
at a descriptive stage and on the subsequent dialogue stage and
a critical reflection, findings which present the benefits of
the completed training courses for the development of
professional competencies of faculty teacher trainers are
introduced.


A concept for automating the control of air traffic in the terminal area in which the primary man-machine interface is the cockpit is described. The ground and airborne inputs required for implementing this concept are discussed. Digital data link requirements of 10,000 bits per second are explained. A particular implementation of this concept including a sequencing and separation algorithm which generates flight paths and implements a natural order landing sequence is presented. Onboard computer/display avionics utilizing a traffic situation display is described. A preliminary simulation of this concept has been developed which includes a simple, efficient sequencing algorithm and a complete aircraft dynamics model. This simulated jet transport was flown through automated terminal-area traffic situations by pilots using relatively sophisticated displays, and pilot performance and observations are discussed.