Introduction Earthquake preparedness is necessary strategy and action that is done before an earthquake happens in order to decrease mortality and morbidity. Earthquake in Nepal killed more than 8000 people in 2015. Increased number of deaths were mainly considered due to lack of earthquake preparedness and necessary safety measures. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding earthquake preparedness and to find out relationship between the level of knowledge and with their selected socio-demographic variables. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted among the people residing in ward number 11 and 18 of Biratnagar sub-metropolis from 1st July to 1st October 2015. Wards were selected through simple random sampling and 110 participants were selected through convenient sampling. Each participant had completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied for data analysis. Result Among 110 participants, 51.8% had knowledge score between 51% to 75%, 24.6% had knowledge score below 50% and only 23.6% had knowledge score above 75%. This research showed that there was significant relationship between knowledge and age, marital status, educational status, occupation and monthly income. Participants from 20 to 39 year had more knowledge score than participants from 40 to 60 years. The higher the educational status; more was the knowledge score. Unmarried participants had more knowledge score than married participants and business holders had more knowledge score than other occupation category. Conclusion Earthquake preparedness knowledge among participants was inadequate. Therefore, educational intervention program regarding this is required in these areas.  Birat Journal of Health Sciences  Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, page: 201-205


Dyes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties have gained interest due to their bright luminescence in solid‐state aggregates. While fluorescence from AIE dyes is widely exploited, relatively little is known about aggregation‐induced stimulated emission. Here, stimulated emission of tetraphenylethene (TPE)‐based organoboron AIE dyes, TPEQBN, in thin films and in microcavity lasers is investigated. Using femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy, gain coefficients up to 230 cm−1 at 500 nm are measured. Using rate equations, concentration‐ and pump‐dependent gain dynamics as well as laser build‐up dynamics are analyzed. During laser oscillation, radiative stimulated emission allows high instantaneous quantum yield greater than 90% to be achieved. Solid‐state microspheres made of 100% AIE dyes are fabricated via microfluidic emulsion and solvent evaporation method. Coupled with high gain and high refractive index of 1.76, microspheres as small as 2 µm in diameter show lasing by nanosecond pumping with a threshold of ≈10 pJ µm–2. Polymer coated, but not bare, microspheres are internalized by live cells and generate narrowband cavity‐mode emission from within the cytoplasm. This work shows the potential of AIE dyes as laser materials.


We present a performance analysis of iris recognition system for healthy and diabetes affected irises, separately for female and male users. The database consists of 546 pictures from 162 healthy irises (62% female users, 38% male users) and 772 iris images from 181 diabetic eyes with a clearly visible iris pattern (80% female users, 20% male users), Adaptive weighted Hough ellipsopolar transform technique was used for iris segmentation, and then three popular iris encoding algorithms were implemented. Bhattacharyya distance was used for comparison of diabetic and healthy irises of men and women. We founf that for male users, diabetic effects on the performance of the system are more intense that for female users.


Open Government Data has been made available by public institutions in Brazil and the world, and can add value to various sectors of society. Open data is also linked to smart cities, and hence important in this context, as it is the first step towards public transparency. Despite the wide range of Open Government Data, interpreting such data sets is a non-trivial task, due to the massive amount of raw data. This stimulates the search for techniques and methodologies that allow the interpretation of implicit information and deduction of new knowledge. One of the approaches used for these tasks involves the use of data visualizations. In addition to data visualizations classically used in descriptive statistics for data analysis, such as line or bar charts, many web sites have been used map visualization techniques. This type of visualization is important, since visualization of georeferenced data combined with other types of information can aid its interpretation. However, for data visualization construction on maps, it is necessary that the objects to be visualized are georeferenced. There are standards for turning such data available, however they are diverse, which may make it difficult for a single tool to display views from different sources. This work aims to present a framework that defines data standards for constructing data visualizations on maps of various types. Based on this framework, a tool was implemented to facilitate the creation of different map views, both by developers of open data portals and by users who analyze such data.


Dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) -de-pendent bioenergetics has been implicated in various pathophysiological settings, including neurodegenera-tion and myocardial infarction. Although mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) transport has been characterized, and several molecules, including LETM1, have been identified, the functional role of LETM1-mediated Ca 2 (cid:2) transport remains unresolved. This study examines LETM1-me-diated mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) transport and bioenergetics in multiple cell types, including fibroblasts derived from patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). The results show that both mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) influx and efflux rates are impaired in LETM1 knockdown, and similar phenotypes were observed in (cid:3) EF hand, D676A LETM1 mutant-overexpressed cells, and in cells derived from patients with WHS. Although LETM1 levels were lower in WHS-derived fibroblasts, the mitochondrial up-


If an account of United Nations peacekeeping operations in Croatia were to be written, the United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) would be its denouement. UNTAES, the third successive peacekeeeping mission on Croatian territory, was the one in which the lessons progressively learned by both the United Nations and Croatia brought an appropriate closure to the story. A specific, and perhaps unique, mix of elements contributed to the ultimate success of UNTAES.' The key elements were; an achievable mandate, international support for the fulfilment of the mandate, domestic leadership and forbearance, adept and pragmatic leadership of the mission and the existence of a balance of power in the region conducive to the mandate's implementation. small number of non Serbs who remained in the occupied areas of Croatia that came to be under the protection of United Nations forces continued to suffer. Estimates vary, however, there are indications that about 600 persons were killed and several thousand were displaced by the occupying forces during this period." Therefore, it is clear that the United Nations troops, who were met in Croatia with extremely high and probably unrealistic expectations, were unable to achieve the tasks that they were assigned. This, should not, of course, be regarded as a criticism of the troops themselves. It is important to understand that the forces were equally frustrated with the lack of progress in their mission. The serious difficulty with UNPROFOR, and afterwards UNCRO, was that their political basis was ambiguous. Both missions had it built into their mandates that they were an "interim arrangement" to create the conditions for a settlement. The UNPROFOR mandate, being the first in time, was the most ambiguous stating that " ...the Force should be an interim arrangement to create the conditions of peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the Yugoslav crisis."? The UNCRO mandate represented slightly more favorable wording for Croatia stating that it was an " ...interim arrangement that will facilitate a negotiated settlement consistent with the territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia .."6 Upon the insistence of Croatia, the mandate ofUNCRO was bolstered in comparison to UNPROFOR the authority to control Croatia's international borders within the occupied areas and to facilitate economic cooperation being added.' Nevertheless, the intransigence of the rebel leadUnited Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Croatia Prior to UNTAES The UN peacekeeping missions preceding the UNTAES were unsuccessful: their political basis was ambiguous and many of the key elements of their mandates were never implemented. Authors point out that defining UNCRO's principal aim as "achievement of a political solution" was inappropriate for a UN peacekeeping operation. In contrast to its predcessors, UNTAES was designed within a different political setting taking into account the change in the military balance and political circumstances that followed the Dayton Agreement. Its success was founded on achievable mandate, international support for the fulfilment of the mandate, domestic leadership, adept and pragmatic leadership of the mission and the existence of regional balance of powers. The authors conclude by classifying UNTAES as a successful peacekeeping operation that fulfilled its mandate and aims and was followed by the UN Civilian Police Support Group and OSCE. The trials and errors of the peacekeeping operation in Croatia that came prior to UNTAES, namely the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO), provided case studies for what had been lacking and, by corollary, what was required in order to succeed.' Both of these earlier missions suffered the ignominious end of being legislated out of existence. 3 During the course of the UNPROFOR and UNCRO mandates the


♦ Wang S, et al. Neurology 2009;73:416-422[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2].

Adolescents with chronic daily headache (CDH) saw a marked decline in headache frequency as they got older, but one-quarter still had significant headache disability, according to an eight-year follow-up study of


Allergic Rhinitis Control Test (ARCT) has been validated for assessing allergic rhinitis (AR) control and identifying severe AR. The aim of the study was to assess the ARCT questionnaire as a tool for stepwise pharmacotherapy.


Smooth muscle (SM) contraction is a dynamic and highly regulated process. The contractile properties of SM are primarily governed by the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (LC20) of myosin II. To initiate contraction, an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme. MLCK phosphorylates LC20 on Ser19, resulting in contraction of SM through increases in myosin ATPase activity and cross-bridge cycling. Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) is responsible for the dephosphorylation of LC20 (Shirazi et al. 1994). Although intracellular [Ca2+] is the primary determinant of SM contraction, it is the balance between MLCK and MLCP activities that predicates the precise contractile activity. Indeed, MLCP functions independently of Ca2+ and can be regulated by a variety of signalling pathways. Inhibition of MLCP leads to an increase in both LC20 phosphorylation and contractile force development without any changes in [Ca2+], a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'calcium sensitization'.

Once thought to possess 'housekeeping activity', MLCP is now known to be under exquisite regulatory control (Grassie et al. 2011). A number of studies demonstrate that MLCP activity (and hence Ca2+ sensitization) is regulated by phosphorylation of the myosin-targeting subunit (MYPT1). Although several phosphorylation sites on MYPT1 have been identified since its discovery a decade ago, two threonine residues (i.e. T694 and T852, numbering of the mouse isoform) are the most extensively studied in the context of Ca2+ sensitization. Experimental evidence suggests that stimulation of SM by agonists elicits variable degrees of Ca2+ sensitization depending on the agonist used and the SM employed. These contractile responses have been associated with a degree of variability regarding the nature and stoichiometry of MYPT1 phosphorylation. Much debate has been directed toward the physiological importance of MYPT1 phosphorylation at the two inhibitory threonine residues. Indeed, the physiological relevance of T694 and T852 phosphorylation has been approached by a number of laboratories in the recent past. Currently, phosphorylation of T694 is thought to directly inhibit MLCP activity towards LC20 whereas T852 phosphorylation is believed to cause dissociation of MLCP from myosin and/or inhibit MLCP activity directly.

In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Chen and colleagues (2015) examine the importance of T694 and T852 phosphorylations of MYPT1 from bladder detrusor SM. In completing this assessment, the authors generate novel knockin mice (namely heterozygous T694A/– and T694A/+ along with homozygous T852A null animals). Although not the specific focus of the study, an omphalocele phenotype was coincidently found with the knockin of either T694A or T852A that suggests a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and MYPT1 dependency. Moreover, the authors' examinations confirm individual and unique roles for the threonine phosphorylation sites of MYPT1 during Ca2+ sensitization of bladder SM. In this regard, the MYPT1 T694A mutation was found to significantly inhibit sustained force as well as LC20 phosphorylation while the T852 mutation had no significant effect on maximal force development and little effect on force maintenance. The study also supports the presence of a constitutive Ca2+ sensitization mechanism which contributes to force maintenance via the phosphorylation of MYPT1 at T694. These findings offer confirmation of recent in vitro data that suggested T694 phosphorylation inhibited MLCP activity whereas T852 phosphorylation did not (Khasnis et al. 2014).

An additional intriguing development reported for the T852A mice is the absence of changes in LC20 phosphorylation status and force responses while an attenuation of force was observed upon exposure to ROCK inhibitors. An emergent precept regarding Ca2+ sensitization and SM tone now embraces dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization as a contributing process that operates along with MLCP regulation (Walsh & Cole, 2013). Indeed, the observations provided for bladder SM of the T852A knockin mouse are congruent with ROCK acting to enhance connections between the actin cytoskeleton, plasma membrane and extracellular matrix to augment force transmission. In this SM tissue, agonist-induced T852 phosphorylation appears to have no apparent role in regulating contractile responses.

One regulatory mechanism for the control of MYPT1 phosphorylation and MLCP activity was not addressed by the study, namely the dual phosphorylation of the adjacent S693/T694 and S851/T852 residues. MLCP activity appears to be dependent on the relative phosphorylation of inhibitory (T) and adjacent disinhibitory (S) sites of MYPT1 (Grassie et al. 2012). Future investigations with the knockin mice may provide illumination on how cross-talk between cyclic nucleotide and ROCK signalling pathways dictates SM contractile force. Although the study does have its limitations (e.g. a lack of adult tissues from the knockin animals), these interesting findings shed new light on the specific function of the threonine phosphorylation sites of MYPT1. In all likelihood, the mice (especially the viable homozygous T852A) will have appreciable importance for investigators' examination of various SM beds and processes.

SM tissues display diverse contractile phenotypes and possess a variety of functional signalling mechanisms to regulate force development. However, our understanding of the unique regulatory pathways operating to modulate MLCP activity and Ca2+ sensitization is still incomplete. Obviously, Ca2+ sensitization is a complex process involving multiple pathways that allow for subtle functional differentiations to be achieved.


Based on a pair of step-mirrors for beam rearranging we coupled the emission of three high-power diode laser arrays into an optical fiber of 800 micrometer diameter. We compressed the fast axis collimated beams of three diode lasers in respect to their fast axes by means of a step prism and symmetrized the beam parameter product by reordering the radiation which is focused into a fiber then. By simple optimization a coupling efficiency of 70% can be obtained.


This is difficult to measure until a working definition ofhigh blood pressure for the elderly is defined. Crosssectional studies have shown blood pressure to rise with age at least until the age of 70. The average diastolic blood pressure then falls (Anderson & Cowan, 1959; Master et al., 1958), but systolic pressure continues to rise. Some longitudinal studies have shown a less marked effect of age (Kannel et al., 1981) and, in some primitive populations, blood pressure does not rise with age at all. The World Health Organization has defined hypertension as a blood pressure greater than 160/95mmHg (World Health Organisation, 1978); the Framingham study also used this definition. If a single, casual blood pressure reading of 160/95 mmHg is taken, then the prevalence of hypertension approaches 50% in some elderly populations, with a further 13% having isolated systolic hypertension (Cholandrea et al., 1970). However, if a series of measurements is taken these figures fall dramatically (Wing et al., 1982). The value of treating a person with hypotensive drugs after only one raised blood pressure reading is not known, yet most epidemiological studies relating prognosis to blood pressure are based on single casual readings. Systolic hypertension


Objective To discuss the application of helix CT guided puncture biopsy of the Lung.Methods The data of 68 focuses of 65 patients,who have been approved by the pathology,and received helix CT puncture biopsy of the Lung,were analyzed retrospectively.Results The success rate of the puncture is 100%,the correct diagnosis rate was 93.8%.Among them,28 cases were squamous carcinoma,20 cases were adenocarcinoma,3 cases were mesothelioma of pleura,3 cases were inflammatory pseudotumor,4 cases were tuberculoma of lung,4 cases were carcinoma of metastasis,which can not find the original focus.1 case was malignant lymphoma.The main complications were pneumothorax and hemorrhage,the rate of pneumothorax was 6.1% and the rate of hemorrhage was 12.3%.Conclusions The helix CT guided lung puncture biopsy is small hurt.It is safety,credibility,efficiency,high success rate,nicety diagnosis,few complications and simple operation.


This work deals with the contact-impact force models for spherical and cylindrical shaped surface collisions in multibody mechanical systems. The impact phenomenon is characterized by abrupt changes in the values of system variables, most commonly discontinuities in the system velocities. Other effects directly related to the impact phenomena are those of vibration propagation through the system, local elastic/plastic deformations at the contact zone and frictional energy dissipation. Impact is a prominent phenomenon in many mechanical systems such as mechanisms with intermittent motion and mechanisms with clearance joints [1,2]. Therefore, in order to correctly simulate and design these kinds of mechanical systems adequately, some appropriate contact-impact force model must be adopted. In a broad sense, there are two different methods to solve the impact problem in multibody systems, namely, the continuous and discontinuous approaches [3]. Within the continuous approach the methods commonly used are the continuous force model, which is in fact a penalty method, and the unilateral constraint methodology, based on complementary approaches [4]. The continuous contact force model represents the forces arising from collisions, and assumes that the forces and deformations vary in a continuous manner. In the discontinuous method it is assumed that the impact occurs instantaneously and the integration of the equations of motion is halted at the time of impact. In the discontinuous method, the dynamic analysis of the system is divided into two intervals, before and after impact. The restitution coefficient is employed to quantify the dissipation energy during the impact. This method is commonly referred to as piecewise analysis, and has been used for solving the intermittent motion problem [1]. The best-known force model between two spheres of isotropic materials is the non-linear Hertz law [5],


As a result of the accessibility of vast amounts of information, we, much like the students in the article, 1 realise the importance of access to content that is trustworthy and relevant. Digital technology is 'changing learning and teaching' by making learning fl exible and effi cient. 2 Online lectures enable students to access information in a more convenient manner, by allowing the replay of content of their choice, leading to more personalised learning. Although OLLs can be more convenient, we still value FTF teaching. By promoting interaction and allowing discussion between students and lecturers, FTF teaching fosters a sense of community that is diffi cult to achieve via OLLs, where students may feel disconnected and less guided in their studies. Moreover, individuals without suffi cient technological knowledge or adequate access may be at a disadvantage. In our opinion, OLLs require more selfdirected learning, whereas students are more likely to benefi t from mandatory lectures because of the presence of the lecturer.


A review of existing experimental results for slender bodies and delta wings, tested at high angles of attack, reveals that no physical evidence exists that vortex asymmetry on slender pointed bodies or delta wings has ever occurred through the so-called hydrodynamic instability process. It will be shown that in the numerous tests performed, asymmetric flow separation and/or asymmetric flow reattachment, were the flow mechanisms triggering the vortex asymmetry. Slender wing rock is found to result from a basic lack of roll damping, existing for attached leading-edge vortices, and the vortex-asymmetry is generated at nonzero roll angle, i.e., for asymmetric flow conditions. Nomenclature b = wingspan c = reference length, d CQ = delta wing center chord d = maximum diameter of body of revolution € = rolling moment, coefficient C€ = €/(p00U£/2) Re = Reynolds number based on d and freestream conditions S — reference area, ird2/4 or projected wing area U = horizontal velocity Y = side force, coefficient CY = Y/(pJJl/2) a = angle of attack OA = aPex half-angle Oc = cone half-angle A = leading-edge sweep p = air density = body roll angle Subscripts A = apex c = cone oo = freestream conditions


The present invention is an important intermediate for the synthesis of azilsartan, which is of formula I wherein R is H or (un) branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ArCH 2 , Ar 2 CH, or Ar 3 C , Ar is (un) substituted phenyl) 2-ethoxy-1-((2 ′-((hydroxyamino) iminomethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) methyl) -1H-benzo [d] imidazole-7-carvone With regard to the process for the preparation of the acid and its esters, the process is such that the reaction of the corresponding nitrile of formula IV is carried out with aqueous hydroxylamine in a polar aprotic solvent, or a mixture of such solvents.


Experimental results on large-signal amplification obtained from epitaxial silicon p-n junctions biased into avalanche are described. It was found that the diodes under investigation are capable of delivering stable power outputs of 30 to 40 mW CW with 10 to 15-dB power gain. The output equals approximately that of an oscillating device under the same dc operating conditions.


Management seeks ways to hasten salespeople towards greater productivity. Sales training is a common avenue for enhancing salespersons' performance. However, relatively little formal knowledge exists concerning how salespeople perceive and transfer formal training materials. This study proposes and examines complementary models intended to shed light on how training attitudes and transfer are determined and how they relate to salespersons' performance. The models are evaluated using a single company sample of domestic industrial salespeople. Initial findings support significant and strong relationships between transfer of training and sales performance. Further, transfer of training appears related to individual traits and beliefs. Added findings fail to support a direct relationship between training attitudes and performance.


The Middle-Upper Triassic section of the Paraná Basin is included in the Santa Maria Supersequence. This stratigraphic unit is classified as a second-order Supersequence, being subdivided into three third-order sequences in which four Assemblage Zones (AZ) based on tetra-pods are recognized. In this work, chemical analyses of fossils and hosting rocks of each AZ were performed in order to verify whether the geochemical patterns of the rocks could serve to distinguish them even in the absence of fossils. For this purpose, nine samples of fossils and their sedimentary matrices were analyzed, by ICP-MS. The results show that there were changes in the chemical parameters in force at the depositional time of each sequence (and corresponding AZ). In general, the lower portion of the package was deposited under more basic and dry environmental conditions, indicated by the Ca and Ba concentrations found in the rocks and bones that contains them. By its turn, the top of the section is characterized by more acid and humid conditions, evidenced by Al, Si, and Sr increase. Such a geochemical shift from dry to humid conditions occurred just at the beginning of the Late Triassic and is probably related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode.


How best mining deposits have been mine planners and design engineers continue to explore issues.summary of the mining software system on the road mining application status,introduced the minescape,datamine-guide,minesight,surpac software applications in the mining process,and discussed a variety of software application and limitations,workers for the modern mining technology guidance,and for the further development of the mining software application basis for the work.


Background : Prophylactic therapy with the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) reduces the mortality among patients with left ventricular dysfunction; however, life‐prolonging device therapy has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for subsequent heart failure (HF) events. There are limited data on the effect of the primary types of HF medications, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I), and beta‐blockers on HF progression in ICD‐treated patients.


This study argues that the statement about Job suffering for nothing (2.3; cf. 9.17) is not peripheral to the story of Job. When Job begins to suffer, the Satan's theoretical question `Does Job fear God for nothing?' (1.9) is reframed by Yahweh's evaluative statement: `You incited me against him to swallow him for nothing' (2.3). Job's suffering is not random; rather, it is well thought out, executed, and evaluated. In response, Job raises the issue about the reception of suffering/disaster (2.10). The Prologue explores the reality of suffering/disaster through the tripartite lens of the causal theory of suffering, the reality of suffering, and the `reception' theory of suffering. Because systematic and systemic suffering strikes at the moral, existential, and social core of humanity and divinity, it often becomes the most powerful critique of its own causal, existential, and reception theories, regardless of whether such theories are of divine or human origin.


Preface Introduction The First Half Century of Uruguayan Organized Labor Uruguayan Organized Labor After World War II The Paraguayan Organized Workers Before Stroessner Paraguayan Organized Labor Under Stroessner and Afterward Bibliography Index


Auxiliary power unit is small gas turbine which comprises power section, load compressor and generator system. The present work incorporates stress analysis of impeller blade of the load compressor aircraft APU 131-9A using ANSYS 15. For centrifugal compressor, impeller is main dynamic component. Structural stresses induced in impeller due to combined loading of thermal and inertia forces, affects performance of compressor in terms of efficiency, pressure ratio, service life etc. To explore the effect of this combined loading, structural analysis has been done. Structural analysis of impeller blade gives a vision about critical deformations and critical stresses and their locations. Thermal analysis has also been done to investigate thermal stresses and deformation due to temperature and pressure loads in the blade passage. Both thermal and structural analysis has been done for different materials namely SS 310, INCOLOY 909, Timetal834 and Ti 6-2-4-6. The selection of materials has been done on the basis of strength at high speeds. The results suggest that for particular application of high speed load compressor blade, induced structural stresses are within permissible range throughout the blade only in case of Ti 6-2-4-6.


> History will ultimately be the judge of what ASHP has accomplished over its first 75 years, but I believe we have made remarkable progress and have set a great course for the next 75 years.
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I would like to welcome and thank all of you as delegates for your time, dedication


MicroRNA(miRNAs) areRNA molecules that are synthesized from a longer precursor(pre-miRNA) forming a long hairpin structure,MicroRNAs play an important regulatory functions in eukaryotic gene expression through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition.A kernel-based machine learning method for classifying microRNA by learning from secondary structure and sequence together is presented.The kernel function measures the similarity between a pair of inputs,and defines an inner product in an implicity feature space for the SVM optimization pre-miRNA sequences and their secondary structure,in which distance measure between two vectors is replaced by weighted Levenshtein distance(WLD) between two sequences.


Ambient pollution is a byproduct of economic activity. It has been widely reported that COVID-19 and associated lockdowns have generated large improvements in air quality worldwide, including to China's notoriously-poor air quality. We analyze China's official pollution monitor data and account for the large, recurrent improvement in air quality following Lunar New Year (LNY), which essentially coincided with lockdowns in 2020. With the important exception of NO2, China's air quality improvements in 2020 are smaller than we should expect near the pandemic's epicenter: Hubei province. Compared with LNY improvements experienced in 2018 and 2019 in Hubei, we see smaller improvements in SO2 while ozone concentrations increased in both relative and absolute terms (roughly doubling). Similar patterns are found for the six provinces neighboring Hubei. We conclude that whether COVID-19 actually decreased pollution in China depends on the pollutant and reference period considered. ∗We thank the National Science Foundation for support through Award SES-1658888: "Collaborative Research: Market Based Emissions Policies" in China. We thank Janet Currie, Valerie Karplus, Anouch Missirian, and Wolfram Schlenker for helpful comments and Solveig Asplund for proofreading. †Columbia University and NBER ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed: email@example.com §Columbia University: email@example.com ¶University of Colorado Boulder and NBER: email@example.com


A brief inscription on a pedestal found in the town centre of Bolu refutes the previously dominant view about the provenance of Marcus Ulpius Arabianus, consul suffectus in the late Antoninian period and afterwards governor of Syria Palaestina and Africa proconsularis. He did not hail from Amastris, where he had good, probably inherited connections, but from Klaudiupolis, where according to the new inscription he honoured his uncle M. Ulpius Aristaeus with a statue. Aristaeus in turn also erected a statue in Klaudiupolis in honour of an imperial valet. The consul's son, who is attested to have been legatus Asiae under Septimius Severus, was M. Ulpius Domitius Aristaeus Arabianus. This name clearly shows that he had adopted not only the cognomina of his father and his uncle, but also the name Ulpius and another nomen gentile (Domitius). From this composite name the author concludes that the senator had married a woman from the gens Domitii. He also assumes that this woman stems from a senatorial family, so that the marriage was of appropriate social standing. In Bithynia, this assumption is satisfied only by M. Domitius Euphemus and his family, which also came from Klaudiupolis. There were probably no further senatorial families in this small town in eastern Bithynia in the Antonine-Severian period. As a well-known inscription from the Phrygian town of Pyrmnessos shows, the consul's son used only the shortened name of Domitius Aristaeus Arabianus. He seems to have preferred his mother's nomen gentile, probably because the Domitii were more prominent and had had Roman citizenship for a much longer time. Adak also believes that Arabianus is identical with the senator Domitius Arabianus attested as archon in Athens under Severus Alexander. Apart from Flavius Arrianus, this would give us another Bithynian senator who after a successful career in the service of the emperor settled down in Athens, where he took over the office of archon to enhance his prestige.


AN AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE SCHOLAR WHO REVIEWED TALMUDIC PASSAGES REFERRING TO JESUS CHRIST FELL INTO THE ROW SURROUNDING FILM STAR MEL GIBSON'S CONTROVERSIAL FILM ACCOUNT OF CHRIST'S FINAL DAYS


In part 1 of this paper, it was demonstrated that a nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol based propellant containing ammonium perchlorate degraded at a slower rate at temperatures of 80 °C or less compared with the other two energetic materials studied which did not have this oxidizer present. It was suggested that ammonium perchlorate might act as an oxygen inhibitor reducing the oxidation rate of the polyethylene glycol binder which decreases the rate of propellant decomposition. In part 2, the specific interaction between ammonium perchlorate, nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol is reported. It has been shown that at temperatures lower than 90 °C, if there is any uncured and unstabilised PEG present, nitroglycerine rapidly degrades in the presence of ammonium perchlorate but this is prevented if stabiliser is added. In addition, ammonium perchlorate initially appears to hinder acid hydrolysis of nitroglycerine which also slows down the degradation of polyethylene glycol based propellants. However, in the long term at low temperatures, or short term at higher temperatures, AP accelerates the decomposition of NG.


In the job shop scheduling problem k-units-J(m), there are m machines and each machine has an integer processing time of at most k time units. Each job consists of a permutation of m tasks corresp ...


Using silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs), we demonstrate the generation, transmission over 2560-km standard single-mode fiber, and detection of 112-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying signals. These silicon-based PICs promise compact, low-power-consumption, and low-cost coherent transceivers.


The network environment is inevitably to bring about a revolutionary change in the contents and methods of administrative connection. In the network era, we must fully recognize the positive and negative effects of network media on the administrative connection, exert the former and control the latter. It is necessary to speed up the network modernization of administrate connection, establish the necessary organization institutions and information mechanisms, and set up the right system environment. By taking the advantage of the openness, rapidity and interactivness intrinsic to the network administrative connection, we are to push forward its modernization and the administrative efficiency.


Background: Light is a multifaceted exogenous factor that plays an important role in plant growth and development. The spectral composition of light is determinative for the regulation of photomorphogenetic processes in plants. Nowadays plants have several groups of photoreceptors that include receptors of red (RL) and far red light (FRL) — phytochromes; receptors of UV-A, blue (BL) and green (GL) light — cryptochromes, phototropins, proteins of the ZEITLUPE family, as well as the UV-B receptor — UVR8 protein. One of the possible mechanisms that realize an activation of photoreceptor systems in the plant may be concerned with carbohydrate metabolism. The research of morphogenetic reactions of seedlings under the action of selective light irradiation by activating photoreceptor systems is important for understanding the mechanisms of regulation of the program of plant organism`s ontogenesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selective light of different spectrum: RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm) and BL (450 nm) on growth reactions, morphogenesis and content of soluble carbohydrate in axial organs of seedlings of long-day plants.

Materials and methods: 10-day etiolated seedlings of pea Maecenat variety were used for experiments. Activation of photoreceptor systems by red (RL, 660nm), green (GL, 530nm) and blue (BL, 450nm) light was performed for 5 days for 30 minutes using LED matrices. The growth reaction, morphogenesis and the content of soluble mono- and oligosugars in the axial organs of seedlings were analyzed.

Results: The axial organs of seedlings differ in their response to irradiation with selective light. The root system is more sensitive to the action of selective light than the shoot of the seedlings of the long-day plants of the pea Maecenat variety. Activation of photoreceptor systems stimulates growth processes, activates the processes of photomorphogenesis and the biosynthesis of oligosugars de novo, most likely sucrose. Among the spectra of selective light, the maximum stimulating effect is shown by irradiation of the GL (530 nm) in the reactions of the aboveground part and roots. RL (660 nm) and BL (450 nm) show opposite effects: RL initiates a photomorphogenetic program of shoot part, and BL has a greater effect on photomorphogenesis of root system.

Conclusions: Different levels of growth, morphogenetic processes and changes in the content of soluble carbohydrates are probably related to the ability of photoreceptor systems to activate the realization of different ways of photomorphogenesis in the axial organs of seedlings under the influence of selective light of a certain spectrum.


Objective: Previous scholarship has demonstrated that maternity leave is associated with good overall physical and mental health of the mother and child. However, taking time off to recover from a birth and bond with a new child challenges families' economic security when such leave is not fully-paid. We examine a populationbased sample of Oregon women to identify factors associated with access to fully-paid leave versus partially-paid leave, unpaid leave, and no leave. Methods: We used a state population-based survey of postpartum women who had a 2008 live birth to explore differences in access to fully-paid maternity leave. The Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) asks a stratified random sample of Oregon women about their experiences before, during, and after pregnancy; Oregon PRAMS-2 is a follow-back survey conducted when the child reaches 2 years of age. We used weighted multivariate regression to explore the association between annual household income and self-reported fully-paid maternity leave. Results: Among women who had been working during the last three months of pregnancy, 16.1% reported having been offered fully-paid, 16.3% partially-paid and 49.8% unpaid maternity leave; 17.7% were offered no maternity leave. In multivariate analysis, high-income women (>300% Federal Poverty Level) were more likely to have been offered fully-paid maternity leave than low-income women (ORa 3.57, 95% confidence interval 1.24-10.3). Conclusions: Few women receive fully-paid maternity leave. Policies ensuring fully-paid maternity leave will be particularly beneficial to lower-income women. A national paid leave policy would improve postpartum life for women and infants. *Correspondence to: Kenneth D Rosenberg, Oregon Public Health Division, 800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 825, Portland, OR 97232, USA, Tel: 971-673-0237; Fax: 971-673-0231; E-mail: email@example.com


Questions about the quality of health-care services in Bulgaria are of present interest and have been discussed repeatedly by different authors and authorities. In order to establish the quality of communication, an anonymous standardized survey, including 1342 patients, was conducted. Some of the questions included in this sociological study were focused on doctor's responsiveness and the duration of medical examination. The aim of the study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the attention that doctors pay to patients. The study of doctors' responsiveness to patients' health problems led to alarming results – 65.13% of respondents considered that doctors do not pay enough attention and sympathy. The main reasons for doctors overlooking their patients are objective and a result of the primary health care being funded on per capita and per visit basis. In conclusion, the reform of the health care structure needs to focus on doctors' payment, which should be based on the actual treatment results and patients' satisfaction.


Sixteenth-century apologists for the popular theater, including Thomas Heywood and Thomas Nashe, praised the staging of English history on the grounds that it edified spectators by "reviving" the past. This essay shows how one of Shakespeare's early history plays challenges such didactic uses of the past and explores history and performance as fraught, mutually destabilizing concepts. This joint destabilization emerges most clearly in the rhetoric of succession, the topic with which all of Shakespeare's history plays inevitably engage. Through a careful analysis of 1 Henry VI, Brian Walsh links narratives of broken political, biological, and cultural succession with the failure to sustain historical representation in performance. According to Walsh, the play stages a confrontation with the past's elusiveness that is both troubling and teeming with possibility. Enacting history onstage thus becomes a means through which participants in the theatrical event can lay claim to a sense of the past not by reviving what is unrecoverable but by creating something new at the moment of performance.


Cultural creative has been the economic power competed by developed countries and areas in recent years.Taiwan has actively developed cultural creative industries under the encouragement and support of local government,the advantages of strong cultural creativity and rich cultural resources.The results were striking,in which Taipei Palace Museum was in indicators status of museum's cultural creative industries in Taiwan area.Taipei "Palace Museum" attracted and fixed a large number of audience through exhibition with well-designed,opening the cultural digital resources to society and training people's aesthetic qualities.It also actively explored commercial opportunities,solicited company to develop cultural derivatives commodity and designed dining space combined with collection's cultural features.The creative industries of Taipei Palace Museum have obtained considerable output value and significant social effects.


In this issue, we highlight recent advances in the hepatobiliary-pancreatic (HBP) scientific field including five basic research articles and one clinical article. They are: Review of cancer stem cell in HBP cancers; Molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis of pancreas cancer; Molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis; Cell-based therapy for postoperative adhesion; Remodeling of the biliary tree after liver injury; and a recent technical advance of hepatectomy. Evidence has shown that a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has long-term proliferative ability and the potential to regenerate cancers with heterogeneous cell types. CSCs are considered to be responsible for cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and some CSCs possess the ability of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tanaka [1] intensively review CSC markers, signal transduction (Wnt, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt), and potential therapeutics targeting CSCs (Fig. 4). Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal human cancers. PDA is believed to be developed from two different precursor lesions; one is pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and the other is intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). Fukuda [2] reports that Brg1, a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, plays a pivotal role in the development of IPMN-derived PDA and PanIN-derived PDA (Fig. 2). The most up-to-date understanding of liver fibrosis is reviewed by Seki and Brenner [3] in this issue. The review highlights the origin of activated myofibroblast, TLR4 signaling pathway and intestinal microbiome, inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), hepatic stellate cell (HSC) senescence and autophagy, angiogenesis and reversibility of fibrosis. Kok et al. [4] and Inagaki et al. [5] contribute two attractive reports in this issue. One is adaptive remodeling of the biliary


Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in male mice is a well-established model of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Male DIO mice manifest hypoventilation, increased apnea severity, and sleep fragmentation. The effects of DIO on breathing during sleep and sleep architecture in females have been insufficiently investigated. We hypothesized that female mice are less susceptible to the detrimental effects of DIO on sleep and SDB compared to males.

 Full-polysomnographies were performed in 15 lean female C57BL/6J and 14 female DIO-C57BL/6J mice using a whole-body plethysmography chamber. Ventilatory response to an arousal was calculated as ratio of the average minute ventilation (VE) during each arousal (2.5s) relative to the baseline VE. Breathing stability was measured using Poincaré plots of VE. Mice were exposed to 8% CO2 to measure the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). Mice underwent 24-h metabolic studies.

 Obesity was associated with hypometabolism, indicated by reduced oxygen consumption (VO2) and CO2 production in DIO mice. VE in 8% CO2 and HCVR were significantly suppressed suggesting a decreased CO2 sensitivity in obese animals. NREM sleep duration was reduced, but REM sleep was preserved. Arousal frequency and VE during NREM and REM sleep were similar between groups. However, apnea severity was 4-fold augmented in lean females compared to DIO mice (14.7±3.9 vs 74.2±11.9 events/h; P< 0.001). In lean mice, the increased frequency of apneas was mainly attributed to sleep fragmentation since the events were predominantly post-arousals. Breathing stability during sleep was significantly increased in lean mice. Ventilatory response to an arousal was 30% increased in lean females compared to DIO group.

 Our results suggest potential sex differences in the effects of DIO on breathing during sleep and sleep architecture. DIO in females appears to be less detrimental regarding SDB severity. The mechanisms underlying the augmented SDB severity in lean females are unknown, but an exacerbated CO2 responsiveness during sleep related to sleep fragmentation could play an important role.

 American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship Award 828142, NHLBI grant NIH R01s HL128970, HL133100, and HL13892, American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation 238-BS-20, and American Thoracic Society Unrestricted Award.


This report presents the results of the development of a methodological approach to provide empirical evidence that family literacy programs "work." The assessment techniques were developed within the action research project Literacy for Life (LFL) that the authors designed and delivered for 12 months, working collaboratively with three different cohorts of immigrant and refugee families in western Canada. The goal was to develop valid and reliable measures and analyses to measure the impact on literacy skill and knowledge in a particular version of a literacy program that incorporated real-world literacy activities into instruction for low-English-literate adults and their prekindergarten children, ages 3 to 5. The authors offer this approach to assessment as a promising way to measure the impact of socially situated literacy activity that requires taking the social context of literacy activity into account. They offer this work not as the answer to the challenge of documenting the value of working with families and literacy, but as one way to think about focusing curriculum and assessment within programs that validate the real lives of the participants and build bridges between those lives and literacy work within family literacy programming.


The polarization microscope method was widely applied in WAT prediction and wax crystal characteristics analysis of waxy crude oils due to the advantages of high sensitivity,closing to practice and direct-view. However,this method was sensitive to the change of test condition and personal factor,etc. Taking the crude oil from a heating and pump station of Asian oil pipeline as a research object,the impact on the determination of WAT caused by different heat treatment temperature, microscope magnification, sample cover glass itself defects and other factors by using the polarization microscope observation method. The results indicate that the heat treatment temperature had a significant impact on WAT and wax crystal structure of the crude oil,and the cover glass itself defect also hindered WAT's accurate judgment to a great extent.


Spindle motor having a rotor (5) and a fluid dynamic bearing system, the rotor (5) of a hub (10) and a shaft (6), wherein the shaft (6) in a bearing sleeve (16) is accommodated, wherein the rotor (5) disposed on selected surfaces of radial and / or axial hydrodynamic bearing structures (2, 3, 7, 8, 13) in the form of depressions and / or elevations, and the rotor (5) and the bearing structures (2, 3, 7 , 8, 13) are produced jointly in one operation, characterized in that the bearing sleeve (16) facing its upper (the cladding region 12) of the hub (10) end has a pronounced collar (17) extending radially outwardly , said bearing sleeve (16) having a bearing housing (18), which is substantially cup-shaped and is closed in the region of the free end of the bearing sleeve (16) and the shaft (6), wherein the bearing housing (18) in a base plate (19) is held, wherein the Innenu COPE the hub (10) includes a stopper ring (20) is arranged, which is arranged in an intermediate space between the collar (17) and the base plate (19), and that the radial bearing structures (2, 3, 7, 8) as the x Lobe structure, with x = 2, 3, 4, are ... are formed, which are formed by x asymmetrical circular arc-shaped sections (2, 7).


This article analyzes the complex geometry of urban transportation networks as a gateway to understanding their encompassing urban systems. Using a proposed ring-buffer approach and applying it to 50 urban areas in the United States, we measure road lengths in concentric rings from carefully-selected urban centers and study how the trends evolve as we move away from these centers. Overall, we find that the complexity of urban transportation networks is naturally coupled, consisting of two distinct patterns: (1) a fractal component (i.e., power law) that represent a uniform grid, and (2) a second component that can be exponential, power law, or logarithmic that captures changes in road density. From this second component, we introduce two new indices, density index and decay index, which jointly capture essential characteristics of urban systems and therefore can help us gain new insights into how cities evolve.


A new neural network system for classification of the cardiac rhythm is presented in this paper. The system is composed of two neural network classifiers : a morphological classifier cascaded to a timing classifier. While the morphological classifier classify the P and QRS complexes into normal and/or abnormal beats, the timing classifier takes as inputs the information of the morphological classifier and the duration of the PP, PR and RR intervals and output the following arrhythmias: sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, atrial extrasystoles, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular flutter and supraventricular tachycardia in addition to the normal sinus rhythm.


Miss Keller shows that there are numerous occurrences of iste, hie, and Me which no ingenuity can make to conform to the traditional view. Undoubtedly iste is found in contexts which express contempt; but so are hie and Me (e.g. sycophantae huic, Trin. 958; huic mastigiae, Ca.pt. 659; Mi mastigiae, Capt. 600; flagitium Mud hominis, Cos. 155).' In other contexts iste can, like hie and Me, express admiration or affection (e.g. istaee est uirlus, As. 323; ne isla,stimulum longum habet, True. 853). Again iste can be used interchangeably with either hie or Me, or even both, by the same speaker when referring to the same person (cf. True. 436-46, where Diniarchus refers to Phronesium, who has left the stage, as haec ... Mam ... Mi... huic... isti ... istam ... Mi). Any notion that hie is closely associated with the first person, iste with the second, and Me with the third, can hardly survive an unprejudiced study of, for example, haec tua (Eun. 1051-2); Mum tuom (Ad. 395-6); uostra haec (Ad. 165); Mo nostro (Heaut. 473) > isti nostri (Poen. 811: here Bach emends to uostri in accordance with his theory); istum meum (Trin. 433-4). The attempt to explain all occurrences of iste in monologues as deuterotritonic leads to impossibly artificial results. The view (accepted even by Lindsay, Captivi, p. 129) that 'the disposition of the actors on the stage may be detected from the alternation of hie, iste, Me in the dialogue' would require the actors to shift their position 'with unbelievable speed', and not always in likely directions: cf. Ep. 573-4, and Capt. 546728, where both Hegio and Aristophontes use in turn all three demonstratives in referring to Tyndarus.


Adaptation policy is becoming a key issue of the post-Kyoto 2012 international climate policy agreement. The difficulties in implementing national and international mitigation policies and the increasing awareness of climate change phenomena eventually gave impetus to science and policy research on adaptation. Therefore, the Ministry of Environmental Protection established the Israeli Climate Change Information Center (ICCIC). The mission of the information center is to assemble the scientific research regarding adaptation to climate change, identify research gaps and define the risks and consequences of climate change in various sectors. Furthermore, the ICCIC will integrate Israel's knowledge and technologies for implementation within Israel and other countries.This research is part of developing a national scientific knowledge base that will support the evolvement of the national adaptation plan, focusing on economic aspects. The research includes gathering and integration of available research and policy documents concerning adaptation to climate changes, in order to identify knowledge gaps from economic aspects, to recognize all the risks and implications of climate change and to propose a national policy of adaptation.The research is based on survey of various measures to cope with climate change in order to determine the economic resources that should be invested, even if the effects of climate change turn out to be less severe. These options are defined as "No Regret alternatives". The specific areas that were investigated are as follows. First, the climate changes that are predicted for the next 50 years are presented. Second, specific policies for water resources, public health, bio-diversity and green building are discussed. Finally, the mutual connections amongst the above-mentioned areas are analyzed in a multi-disciplinary concept using economic perspectives.


The purpose of this study was to describe the alteration of stretch reflex and electrical activity of lower leg muscle in cerebral palsy by the water temperature. We used ten cerebral palsy. Participants classified according to each group in , , by the water temperature. All subjects participated 3 session, which at least 1 week between session. The test was measured continuously pre test, post-test by thermometer and surface electromyography(sEMG). The following results were obtained; 1. Superficial temperature were significantly decreased in (p, group(p(p(p group(p


This paper examines the eco-efficiency of the snowboard manufacturing industry and how it relates to global warming, increasing climactic volatility and reductions in snowfall worldwide. Our data, and subsequent analysis, illustrate the current eco-efficiency activity within a sample group of snowboard brands headquartered throughout North America and Europe. Though the sample group exhibited an overall eco-efficiency activity level of 'informed', the primary data show an industry wide need for standardisation and implementation of comprehensive environmental management systems and all-encompassing life-cycle assessments. With the ultimate goal of industry wide sustainable development and cradle-to-cradle design, we conclude with a list of current and prospective best practices throughout the global snow sports industry.


Cochlear implants (CI) have proved to be a successful treatment for severely and profoundly deaf individuals. There is general agreement that the improvement of speech perception results has been due to ongoing development in CI electrode-array design, new speech processing strategies and by implanting patients with increasing amounts of residual hearing. However, although speech perception scores are very important indicators, there may be other outcomes that give essential information on the benefits of modern CI as outlined in this thesis. By assessing Quality of Life questionnaires and utilities before and after implantation, general health status and cost-utility were evaluated in pre- and postlingually deafened adult populations. In spite of the good results, it was realized that there was still room for improvement. Therefore, a high-rate speech processing strategy was investigated, which gave evidence of further improvement of speech perception performance (especially in noise), provided that the optimum number of electrodes was determined for each patient individually. These data suggested that objective individual parameter selection is obligatory to increase performance. For this purpose, we explored and used objective measures in an experimental and clinical setting to obtain basic knowledge about the electrode-nerve interface and, finally, to optimize individual implant function


Seven cases of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus were treated by a mini-external fixation technique. The average range of motion was 30 degrees to 110 degrees. All fractures united with radiologic and clinical evidence of union at 10-12 weeks. Open wound sites healed in 6 cases. There were no evidence of any nerve palsies.


The peculiar tumor of the skin of the scalp often alluded to as the "turban tumor," so aptly described in the report of one of Spiegler's cases and frequently represented in the earlier textbooks on dermatology as "endothelioma capitis," is so striking that it leaves an unforgettable clinical picture in one's mind. The distribution and color of the tumors have been appropriately likened to a "wreath of tomatoes" (fig. 1). Spiegler, 1 who collected five previously reported cases of this disease, described the tumors as endotheliomas, and the cases reported earlier by Baker, Kaposi and Oro 2 were described as cases of sarcoma. The growths in the cases of Baker and Oro were not typical examples of turban tumors in that the tumors grew rapidly following injury. Both of the cases reported by Barrett 3 and Cohn 4 (included in Spiegler's collection) were typical examples, their illustrations being just as


Abstract During the 2002 Helsinki meeting of the LIBER Groupe des Cartothecaires Working Group for Education, it was suggested that a survey of map usage in European libraries should be undertaken, using Jan Smits' 1987-88 survey as a basis. The goal of the survey was to re-examine map usage in the early twenty-first century in map libraries in Europe, and to identify changing requirements induced by the rapidly changing technological advances being made in cartography. Principal differences with the 1987-88 survey were identified, as were those areas where change has been limited. A main concern with the 2003 version was the poor response rate of questionnaires returned.


Throughout the ages, Jesus' genealogies (Matt. 1: 1-17 and Luke 3: 23-38) have been interpreted especially through Mary's harmonization and inclusion theses. However, those theses have a conjectural and artificial basis that creates unconvincing and unacceptable complications for critical study. This article reviews those theses, pointing out their mistakes and incongruities. The author then undertakes a thorough analysis of genealogies. The result of the analysis is the revelation of new details and observations that lead to more logical, appropriate and enlightening solutions.


Ethics is increasingly viewed to be an important component of business education. However, assessment of the ethics component of business education has not received the same degree of examination as has assessment of the functional areas. Instead, ethics education is often simply assumed to be effective. Is it? The objective of this study is to begin to explore this question by examining the effects of the integration of ethics into a functional area of business education, specifically a management principles course. The results raise questions about the effectiveness of integrating ethics across the business curriculum.


The invention relates to a capture and recognition method of a vehicle provided with a license plate anti-photographing device. The method includes the following steps that when electronic police detect that a vehicle passes, an electric alarm flashlight is firstly controlled to be turned on and to perform first-time photographing on the vehicle for the first time; after the electric alarm flashlight is turned off, the vehicle is photographed for the second time; overexposure regions of pictures taken during the two times are recognized; when the picture taken at the first time has an overexposure region and the picture taken at the second time does not have an overexposure region, it is thought that the vehicle is provided with the license plate anti-photographing device. The method solves the problem that the vehicle cannot be punished after being provided with the license plate anti-photographing device, traffic violation behaviors such as overspeed can be well frightened, and the traffic accident rate is reduced. The electronic police have the functions of snapshot and detection of the installed license plate anti-photographing device, the traffic violation behaviors can be better cracked down, and traffic safety is guaranteed.


It has been established that a crack has an important effect on the dynamic behavior of a structure. This effect depends mainly on the location and depth of the crack. To identify the location and depth of a crack in a structure, a method is presented in this paper which uses hybrid neuro-genetic technique. Feed-forward multilayer neural networks trained by back-propagation are used to learn the input)the location and dept of a crack)-output(the structural eigenfrequencies) relation of the structural system. With this neural network and genetic algorithm, it is possible to formulate the inverse problem. Neural network training algorithm is the back propagation algorithm with the momentum method to attain stable convergence in the training process and with the adaptive learning rate method to speed up convergence. Finally, genetic algorithm is used to fine the minimum square error.


The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the testing of TAM theory in assessing user acceptance of the implementation of dynamic filing information systems and analyzing variables that influence the acceptance of the use of dynamic filing information system applications at the University of Jember. This research is a type of research using primary data in the form of a questionnaire. Determination of the sample in this study using purposive sampling with the criteria of users who have already registered or medically positioned incoming and outgoing letters on the application of dynamic filing information systems at the University of Jember. The method of data analysis in this study uses descriptive statistical analysis methods with the research hypothesis using Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) statistics. The results showed that experience variables had a significant effect on perceived ease of use, experience did not affect perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use had a significant effect on perceived usefulness (perceived usefulness) perceived ease of use has a significant effect on attitude towards behavior, perceived usefulness has a significant effect on attitude to use (attitude towards behavior), perceived usefulness has no effect towards of use behavioral interest, attitude towards behavior has a significant effect on interest in use (behavioral intention), interest in user behavior (behavioral intention os use) is significant towards real users (Actual System Usage) on the implementation of stem of dynamic filing information at the University of Jember


Preliminary yield trials (PYTs) are one of the steps in cultivar development of cassava by testing, characterizing, and selecting the promising clones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of cassava clones in the University of Lampung Experimental Station, Natar, South Lampung. This study consisted of two experiments, Experiment A and B. A completely randomized block design was used for both experiments. Experiment A and B evaluated 17 clones with two replications and 13 clones with three replications respectively. Cultivar UJ 5 was used as the standard for both experiments. BL 100 produced starch weight per plant (0.21 kg), higher than the standard UJ 5 (0.11 kg). Nibung produced starch weight per plant (0.50 kg), higher than the standard UJ5 clone (0.37 kg). BL 100, Kasetsart Ungu, UJ 3 Kc and BL-01 were the promising clones selected from Experiment A. Nibung, Randu, Korem Gatam, and MU 111 were the promising clones selected from Experiment B.


In the present study, an improved and efficient plant regeneration protocol of Kagzilime (Citrus aurantifolia) using epicotyl segment of in vitro grown seedlings was developed. Kagzilime seed sterilized with Bavistin @ 0.1% for 30 min followed by Mercuric chloride @ 0.1% for 15 min was found to be optimum to reduce the contamination and efficient seed germination. About 0.75-1.0 cm long epicotyl segments of in vitro grown 21 days old seedlings were found suitable explants for efficient plant regeneration. The best regeneration efficiency of 84% with 5 shoots/explant was obtained at BAP @ 2.0 mg/l. The higher efficiency of root induction of 60.60% with 4.40 roots/shoot was observed at lower concentration of NAA@ 0.5 mg/l. Over 90% of plantlets were acclimatized and grown at pot mixture of soil, sand and vermiculite @ 1:2:1 in greenhouse. The efficient regeneration protocol developed in this study will be useful for mass propagation of root stock, biological indexing of virus diseases, production of disease free elite planting material, plant transformation and in vivo expression of desired viral gene.


Whether principals are required to allow service animals in the public schools is not entirely clear in law, policy, or practice. The matter is further complicated when the alleged harm caused by denying a request for a service animal is not clearly related to the educational program. The purpose of this article is to inform principals about the current laws and regulations that govern student requests regarding service animals, including a description of the rights and responsibilities of both students and school personnel in public schools. Guidance on developing actionable policies consistent with Fry v. Napoleon Community Schools, Americans with Disabilities Act of 2011, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 1973, is provided.


The invention discloses a novel preparation method of medicinal arginine glutamate, which belongs to the biomedical field. The method is realized by steps as follows: (1) adding equivalent moles of arginine and glutamic acid into distilled water, and heating to dissolve; (2) adding an appropriate amount of activated carbon into the solution, and performing hot filtration; and (3) depressurizing and concentrating the filtrate and then performing spray drying to obtain arginine glutamate. In comparison with a prior art, the preparation method of the arginine glutamate disclosed by the invention obviates a crystallization step, avoids the loss in a crystallization process, allows the yield to be close to 100%, avoids the proportion imbalance of arginine and glutamic acid in the product caused by dissolvability difference of the two substances in a solvent at the same time, improves the product quality, adopts water as the single solvent, reduces the production cost and realizes clean production.


Introduction al-Jamaah al-Islamiyyah: From Insurgency to Terrorism Violence in Poso: From Armed Sectarian Conflict to Terrorism, 1998-2007 First Causal Factor: Disaffected Persons Second Causal Factor: Enabling Group Third Causal Factor: Legitimising Ideology The Radicalisation Process of Muslims in Poso Conclusion and Policy Implications Glossary Bibliography Index


In 1920, two literate white mothers of children at the Oodnadatta Public School in South Australia wrote to the Director of Education in Adelaide to complain about the presence of Afghan children in the school. In their view, these children were a menace to the health of the white children; they were dirty, foul‐mouthed, diseased, the products of squalid and morally corrupt homes. The Education Department sent District Inspector Martin and Medical Officer Dr Gertrude Halley to the remote desert settlement to "report as to the facts of the within letters". Both of their reports survive in the slim file of correspondence on the Oodnadatta incident in the Archives of South Australia. These documents hold out the ambiguous promise that we as historians may capture at a moment in time the meanings of gender and ethnicity, meanings which are essentially process, historically contingent, endlessly invented and re‐invented by ordinary women and men as they search for collective and individual identity. This article uses the incident of the Afghan children at the Oodnadatta school to structure a reflection on gender and ethnicity in the inter‐war years.


While orthogonal (i.e., aerial or satellite) imagery has become the more conventional source of land cover data because it can yield spatially accurate land cover maps, terrestrial oblique photographs present a valuable, relatively untapped source of raw optical data for studies of land cover change. We present a case study contrasting how these two types of imagery sample landscape composition and using repeat oblique photographs to evaluate long‐term land cover change in a remote region of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We classified 46 historical oblique photographs and their corresponding modern repeats using the same discrete land cover classes employed in a Landsat‐based map of the same area. We compared landscape‐level composition estimates from both sources and regressed the land cover proportions from Landsat against the modern oblique images, hypothesizing a linear relationship for most classes. We found that the two sources sampled the landscape in broadly similar ways, with near‐concordance for dominant land cover classes, yet that oblique photographs more frequently detected narrow landscape features and estimated higher proportions of rock compared to satellite imagery, possibly due to the higher spatial resolution of the oblique photographs, and to their angle of incidence against steep slopes. We then evaluated land cover change from corresponding historical and repeat photographs and found that the landscape has homogenized over the past century via increased coniferous forest cover. Our work shows that terrestrial oblique photographs can be used to estimate landscape composition, particularly in mountain environments. This is helpful for analyzing past landscape conditions in historical photographs, monitoring decadal‐span landscape change and assessing habitat to model biodiversity through time.


We use a modified form of the Stillinger-Weber potential to obtain the adsorption sites of a silicon atom on the fully relaxed Si(001)-2×1 surface. The barriers between sites are also found and these are used to estimate the rates of hopping from site to site. We conclude that the direction of easy diffusion is parallel and to the side of the dimer rows. The effective activation energy for the resultant quasi-one-dimensional motion (∼0.33 eV) is compared with recent experimental estimates. Our results also explain the appearance of regular island growth at high temperature as well as low-temperature «diluted-dimer» growth


The two quotations that begin this essay, though both dating to around 80 years ago, could read as if they were written recently. Adams's words could easily express the feelings of one living in the twenty-first century and the motto of the 1933 World's Fair could many times describe the way technology is applied in our modern context. Is there nothing new under the sun? Genesis is an ancient book. However, it is also a surprisingly modern book in many ways. The interpretation of Genesis 1–11 continues to be a controversial issue for all sorts of people. Whether one is a theological "liberal" or "conservative," how one reads these chapters of the Bible is often viewed as a shibboleth of orthodoxy.1


Credit Rating Agencies have a very relevant role to play in today´s financial Systems. Notwithstanding some of their well known mistakes, their activities have been unregulated for decades. Following IOSCO´s initiatives and fuelled by the economic crisis, legislatorns in USA and Europe are introducing Statutes to regulate their internal governance and their business models.


An extensive vibronic band system of the FS2 radical in the 700–485 nm region has been observed for the first time by laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) probing of the products of the reaction of F2 with various sulfur‐containing compounds. Jet‐cooled spectra were obtained by reacting fluorine with COS, H2S, or CS2 in the body of a continuous supersonic jet, just prior to expansion. Vibrational analysis of the jet spectra gives ν1' = 768, ν2' = 217, ν3' = 495, ν1' = 705, ν2' = 293, ν3' = 684, and T00=14 922 cm−1, all in good agreement with ab initio predictions for the FS2 free radical. A rotational analysis of the high‐resolution spectrum of the 350 band shows that the transition is polarized out‐of‐plane, with spin splittings characteristic of a molecule with a single unpaired electron. The rotational constants and spin–rotation interaction constants were determined with good precision for the ground and excited states. By combining the rotational constants with our ab initio estimates of the S–F bond len...


We did analysis to the current skills of manufacturing technical people,and did the research to the method of skills development and evaluation standards,in order to improve the problem solving ability of manufacturing technical people,and realization the company vision of "become a world-class engineering machinery enterprises",build a strong professional manufacturing technical team.


A Mg-30mass% Ti37.5V25Cr37.5 hydrogen storage composite was successfully synthesized by reactive mechanical milling of a mixture of magnesium and Ti37.5V25Cr37.5 powder in a hydrogen atmosphere. The structural evolution during milling and after hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling was analyzed using XRD. The absorption/desorption rates and storage capacity at different temperatures were evaluated. By analyzing the variation of Avrami exponent, the hydrogenation mechanisms during milling process were also estimated. A large hydrogen storage capacity and excellent absorption/desorption kinetics were achieved in this composite.


This pilot study seeks to initiate a debate and motivation for further research into why some people choose to act in a more sustainable manner compared to others, by investigating a synthesis of attitudes and cultural values that can be correlated with practices that may encourage sustainable behaviour.


Evaluation techniques for measuring computing system efficiency continue to be refined as the variety of systems and their applications expand. System measures often tacitly assume that the highest overall efficiency is achieved when a certain critical system parameter, such as throughput, is optimized. Recognizing that these measures may be quite valid when the computing system essentially models the business, this paper does not differ with such criteria. Used in a research environment for supporting individual research workers, however, system measures and policies should attempt to be more flexible, and should strongly consider the human costs and benefits involved. The reason for this is that research projects are so varied that a single system policy may not effectively model the "business" of research. Therefore, we attempt to evaluate and compare system costs and user benefits under a variety of user policies.


Field dependence of field-effect mobility in hydrogenated amorphous-silicon has been investigated using a novel 4-terminal transistor structure. The mobility evaluated from the transistor characteristics did not depend on electric field strength up to 20 kV/cm.


As the density of NAND flash memory grows, the cell-to-cell interference caused by capacitive coupling among neighboring cells becomes a critical source of bit errors. Thus, it is important to precisely measure the value of capacitances to remove the interferences and lower the bit-error rate. Previous approaches have employed the least mean square (LMS) or the least square adaptive filtering approaches to remove the interference and thereby indirectly assess the capacitance values. In this paper, we measure the capacitance values directly by using specific cell programming patterns. It is found that the capacitance values do not change according to the PE (program erase) cycles, thus the measurement can be conducted only once for a fresh chip. We show the comparison results between the direct and the least squares based methods. The direct method not only provides the statistical distribution of the capacitance values but also shows more accurate estimation when the interference is very severe. The indirect methods that employ adaptive filtering have the advantage of using existing data instead of writing specific patterns.


Forced convection electric heater heats inert gas flows to temperatures of from 1250 to 1650 deg F and tests Brayton power systems for advanced spacecraft. Heater has two basic components, a heat exchanger core and a containment vessel.


WFDC2/HE4 encodes a poorly characterised secretory protein that shares structural similarity with multifunctional host defence proteins through possession of two conserved Whey Acidic Protein/four disulphide-core (WFDC) domains. WFDC2 is expressed in multiple epithelia and although its' function remains unresolved, it is also overexpressed in a number of human cancers and has an established role as a cancer marker. Currently, little is known about the distribution of WFDC2 in the mouse and thus we have systematically analysed the mouse wfdc2 gene, its' expression and distribution. We have used recombinant WFDC2 for functional studies. Wfdc2 is the most highly expressed family member in the lung and is enriched in the nasopharynx. Wfdc2 is the most highly expressed family member in differentiated epithelial cells isolated from the trachea, nasal passages and middle ear. Wfdc2 consists of 5 exons with exon 3 encoding an unstructured linker region that separates the two WFDC domains. This genomic organisation appears to be restricted to the Muridae and Cricetidae families of rodents. Similar to the situation in man, mouse wfdc2 can be alternatively spliced to yield a number of distinct transcripts that have the potential to generate a repertoire of distinct protein isoforms. We used immunohistochemistry to localise the proteins to tissues of the respiratory tract and head and neck regions. Although the protein was limited to epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and nasal and oral cavities, it was expressed in different cells in different regions suggesting expression is governed by a unique regulatory mechanism. Recombinant WFDC2 did not possess antiproteinase activity against trypsin or elastase and had no clear antimicrobial activity.


The hometown of the verse satirist Gaius Lucilius was Suessa Aurunca, on the border between Latium and Campania. This chapter investigates the remnants of Campania in this poet's surviving fragments and reception, mostly in Horace but also in Cicero and Juvenal. Horses, gladiators, pots, theater, and pronunciation are all Campanian aspects of the satirist's cultural identity, despite his invention of a Roman genre. Contexts of arrogance and militarism, harking back to fighting against Rome in centuries-old wars, mingle in Lucilius with tourism and conspicuous consumption as markers of insider and outsider positioning vis-à-vis Campania, a half-forgotten homeland for the satirist.


Thaumastocoris peregrinus is an introduced "true bug" that is now a severe pest in Eucalyptus plantations of various Southern Hemisphere countries. The semiochemicals of thaumastocorids are completely unknown. Therefore, volatile chemicals from T. peregrinus nymphs and adults were identified as possible leads for pheromones potentially useful for control. The contents of nymphal exocrine glands, which are shed at molting, were identified from extracts of exuviae. Adults lack functional metathoracic scent glands that are characteristic of most heteropterans; however, both males and females possess a glandular-appearing hold-fast organ that they quickly extrude posteriorly when disturbed. Whole body hexane extracts from males and females were prepared by freezing the insects in a flask so that they extruded the hold-fast organ, and then they were extracted with hexane. Volatiles from nymphal exuviae included benzaldehyde, octanol, (E)-2-octenol, octanoic acid, decanal, and hexanoic acid. Adult volatiles included 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl butyrate and 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl butyrate.


When user studies are conducted online, the internet need not just be a condition | it can be utilised to support the research throughout its lifetime. Having conducted two online studies which collectively received over 10,000 downloads, we discuss the most important aspects of the online approach to come out of this experience. We give particular attention to the poorly-addressed issue of recruiting participants, showing how videos can be used to great eect.


In polymer precursor based activated carbon, the structure of starting material is likely to have profound effect on the surface properties of end product. To investigate this aspect phenolic resins of different types were prepared using phenol, mcresol and formaldehyde as reactants and Et 3N and NH4OH as catalyst. Out of these resins two resol resins PFR1 and CFR1 (prepared in excess of formaldehyde using Et 3N as catalyst in the basic pH range) were used as raw materials for the preparation of activated carbons by both chemical and physical activation methods. In chemical activation process both the resins gave activated carbons with high surface areas i.e. 2384 and 2895 m 2 /g, but pore size distribution in PFR1 resin calculated from Horvath-Kawazoe method, contributes mainly in micropore range i.e. 84.1~88.7 volume percent of pores was covered by micropores. Whereas CFR1 resin when activated with KOH for 2h time, a considerable amount (32.8%) of mesopores was introduced in activated carbon prepared. Physical activation with CO 2 leads to the formation of activated carbon with a wide range of surface area (503~1119 m 2 /g) with both of these resins. The maximum pore volume percentage was obtained in 3-20 A region by physical activation method.


Asked for their reactions to specific demand-shifting tactics based on revenue management, patrons of a restaurant in Ithaca, New York, indicated that they generally would be willing to shift their dining time to off-peak hours in exchange for discounts on menu items. Better than three-quarters of the 367 respondents agreed that they would accept an incentive for dining at an off-peak time. Specific results and conclusions are detailed below.


The basis of the different methods is presented and an assessment made. The design comparisons showed that BS 5950 Part 3.1 is equivalent to Eurocode 4 (1985 draft) for simply supported beams designed for full shear connection and gave load capacities similar to the Canadian code and greater than Eurocode 4 for beams designed for partial shear connection. It was found that many practical designs are controlled by serviceability criteria. Continuous beams designed to BS 5950 Part 3.1 often have greater load-carrying capacity that those designed to Eurocode 4


The cause of surface cracks generated in 18CrMnNiMo steel spiral bevel gear after carburizing and quenching was analyzed.The results show that the continuous network carbides distribute along the grain boundary will increase the brittleness of carburized layer because of the high carbon potential in atmosphere when gear is carburized.The surface tensile stress generated by cooling shrinkage of the gear after carburizing induces the initiation and expansion of crack along grain boundary.The continuous network of carbide distribute along the grain boundary is the main reason of surface crack initiation.


Lenalidomide (Revlimid®) is a synthetic derivative of thalidomide (Thalomid®) currently licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international regulatory agencies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) (in combination with dexamethasone)1-3 and low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes bearing 5q cytogenetic abnormalities (as a standalone agent).4-6 Lenalidomide was originally developed to improve the safety profile of thalidomide, which eventually turned out to be responsible for an estimated number of 10 000–20 000 phocomelic babies worldwide in the 1950–60s.7 As compared with thalidomide, lenalidomide is associated with limited neurotoxic activity, but is not completely devoid of teratogenic effects.8-10 For this reason, both thalidomide (which is also approved for use in MM patients, together with dexamethasone)11 and lenalidomide are commercialized under tightly controlled distribution programs (as per explicit request of the US FDA).8 Recently, a novel thalidomide derivative, pomalidomide (Pomalyst®), has been approved for the treatment of specific subsets of MM patients, including individuals who progressed on or shortly after thalidomide therapy.12,13 At odds with thalidomide and lenalidomide, pomalidomide exerts very limited (if any) teratogenic activity.14


This bibliography presents a list of reference articles relevant to the analysis of Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). BH may be divided chronologically and historically into three principal periods: (1) Archaic BH (ABH) found mainly in the poems preserved in the 'Pentateuch' and 'Former Prophets'; (2) Classical (or Standard) BH (CBH or SBH) used in the prose of the 'Pentateuch', 'Former Prophets', and Classical prophecies of the 'Latter Prophets'; and (3) LBH known primarily from the later compositions in the 'Writings'.Keywords: Archaic BH (ABH); Classical BH (CBH); Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH)


There is a growing call for practitioner-researcher partnerships to enhance the usefulness of research and evidence-based practices (Begun, Berger, Otto-Salaj, & Rose 2010; Ozdemir & Giannotta, 2014; Secret, Abell, & Berlin, 2011). Programs that are developed and researched in collaboration between practitioners and researchers are thought to be robust "real world" challenges relative to those developed in a clinical or university setting (Chorpita, 2002). There is also hope that the increased use of collaborative research will shorten the time it takes for evidence-based practices to be adopted by community providers.Despite the intuitive appeal of practitioner-researcher partnerships, such collaborations are not simple or straightforward (Begun et al., 2010; Secret et al., 2011). Even when practitioners and researchers have the best of intentions, there are inherent challenges (e.g., differing conceptualizations of program development, service delivery, and research processes). Exacerbating such challenges is the dearth of practical guidance regarding how providers and researchers can best collaborate to investigate novel, community-based programs within a rigorous program of research (Ozdemir & Giannotta, 2014). As Secret and colleagues (2011) declared surprisingly little has been written about collaboration strategies that can guide a practice- research team through the various activities that occur throughout the research process" (p. 9).To help address these knowledge needs, this article offers strategies and recommendations for fostering practice-research collaborations based on experiences from one community-based project concerned with intimate partner violence (IPV) and children's exposure to IPV. Although guidance exists to inform researchers about developing programs (e.g., Carroll & Nuro, 2002), less attention has been given to facilitating practice-research collaborations that aim to develop community-based programs into research-ready programs (Chorpita, 2002; Secret et al., 2011).Community-based service providers can be highly skilled in developing programs that make a difference in the lives of children and families. However, they may be less likely to have the training and time necessary to develop their interventions into programs that can be meaningfully investigated in the context of a rigorous program of research. Thus, in situations where community-based agencies have developed novel programs that appear to produce promising outcomes, both practitioners and researchers have the potential to gain from from collaborative efforts to study such programs.Specifically, service providers can benefit from having a researchready intervention, including program manuals and pilot data, which can lead to rigorous, randomized investigations and a potential evidence-based practice. Such pilot data can also document accountability for current program funders, as well as highlight program promise for potential funders.Likewise, researchers will have access to an intervention that can be feasibly implemented in community-based settings and that is robust to the challenges of "real-world" service delivery (Chorpita, 2002). The growing body of implementation science (e.g., Fixsen, Blase, Naoom, & Wallace, 2009). shows how critically important it is for evidence-based practices to be disseminated and delivered in ways that are faithful to the researched intervention. Implementation science also underscores that faithful evidence-based program implementation is not easily achieved-let alone sustained-in community-based settings. Thus, by developing and testing novel programs in communitybased settings, researchers can collaborate with service providers to create evidence-based practices that are robust to the challenges of "real world" service delivery. In turn, such robust evidence-based practices may be more readily implemented and sustained with fidelity in other communities relative to programs solely developed and tested in clinical or university trials. …


Background :  Thailand accelerates "stop TB" program by admission of new smear positive TB patients in a separate room for 14 days in order to manage adverse drug reaction for anti-TB medication. Additionally, patients and their relatives were prepared for medication taking under supervision. Many patients were not ready in a long-term admission. Recognition of patient's perception for treatment barrier will facilitate problem solving and provide assistance. Objectives : To determine problems and difficulties including stress level of new smear positive TB patients during 2 weeks of admission in the hospital. Design : A descriptive study Setting : Sanploy private ward,PhraeHospital Methods : Participants were 31 new smear positive TB patients admitted in Phrae Hospital excluding those with complications from December 14 th , 2009 to November 31 st , 2010. Data were collected by observation and structure-interviewed. Stress level was assessed with stress questionnaire developed by department of mental health, MOPH, at the first day of admission and the fourth day or the discharged day to make comparison. Data were analyzed and presented with mean, percentage, and pre-post stress scores were compared by t- test. Results : Among 31 patients, most of them were male (74.2%), mean age 48.2 years old (SD =18.2).  Most occupations were labor or governmental employees (48.4%).  Length of stay ranged from 7 to14 days; average of 11 days (SD=3.2). The stress level comparison from the first day to discharged date was as followed: 1-10 points decrease 22.6%, over 10 points decrease 19.3%, the same 6.5%, 1-10 points increase 38.7%, and over 10 points increase 12.9%. The increase groups were among head of the family burdened from earning money, elder with eating problem, and students for a class or examination absence. Conclusion : While hospitalized, some patients elevated their stress. Nursing team should obtain guidelines to determine problems and provide solutions from the early stage. In cases burdened with crucial responsibility and were not ready for admission, attending physicians may offer an option of a treatment plan without an admission. Key words : new smear positive TB, smear positive TB, stress, problems and difficulties


The article deals with identification and shows examples on parametrical diagnosing of GTE on the same aircraft using synchrony and asynchrony of time series.


To help elucidate the mechanism of ductus arteriosus(DA)closure, we cultured endothelial(E)and smooth muscle(SM)cells from fetal lamb DA and compared their structural and biochemical properties with those from pulmonary artery(PA) and aorta(Ao). Cells from 3-8 different lambs were examined at passages(P)1-3 by phase contrast light microscopy(LM)and at P1 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In E cells at P2, Factor VIII production was assessed by immuno-fluorescence and angiotensin converting enzyme activity(ACE), using 3H benzoyl-phe-ala-pro as substrate. At P3,E + SM proteins were extracted and profiled using 2D sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2D-PAGE). No structural features on LM distinguished cells by site of origin other than E or SM: on TEM, DA and Ao cells were similar but PA E cells had a more pronounced cytoskeleton and SM, more vesicles. DA E cells were characterized by increased density of Factor VIII fluorescence, decreased ACE(.26 ±.05 vs .42±.07 in PA and .50 ± .12 in Ao, p<0.05 ANOVA)and absence of two proteins, one specific to PA (pI 5.2-5.6, Mr72K)the other to Ao(pI4.2 -4.3, Mr48D). DA SM also lacked a protein triplet found in Ao and PA(pI 5.1, Mr50D) (pI 5.2, Mr23D)(pI 5.25, Mr55D). ACE studies have been repeated under fetal hypoxic conditions and the decrease in DA was no longer apparent. While the significance of absent proteins in ductual function remains to be elucidated, decreased ACE in room air may allow for accumulation of bradykinin, a DA constrictor and increased Factor VIII may mediate subsequent thrombus formation.


Objective To analyze the influential factors and epidemiological features of major psychosis,so as to provide the scientific basis for its intervention and management.Methods A total of 512 cases of major psychosis were selected from Xiangyang community,Chancheng district of Foshan city in 2011-2013.The information of these patients were collected,including patient general condition(age,sex,occupation education level and marital status),a three-generation family history of mental diseases on both sides,past history,and family economic conditions.The clinical diagnosis of all cases should be confirmed by psychiatric hospitals,according to Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and Diagnostic Criteria(3rd Edition).The related factors were tested by χ2test,the result of P0.05 was considered was statistically significant(P0.05).Results Of 512 cases,295 had schizophrenia(57.62%),more men than women were affected,with a male to female ratio of 1.11∶1;76.69% were over the age of 40(404/512); most were unmarried(58.25%,288/512);most patients had a diploma of high school,technical secondary school or college education(45.70%,234/512);52.15% were jobless(including those waiting for employment(267/512);88.28% did not have poor family economic conditions(452/512);97.07% had no family history(497/512).Conclusion Patients with major psychosis may have different disease characteristics.Therefore,accurate and effective measures of prevention and treatment should be adopted to lower the incidence and progression of major psychosis.