In this paper, we take physical and health integration as the entry point. Firstly, based on the transformation mechanism of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis we construct a time delay differential model. Moreover, using the theory of characteristic equation we discuss the stability of a positive equilibrium under the delays of τ=0 and τ≠0. Furthermore, through numerical simulation, it has been verified the delay, τ, exceeds a critical value, the positive equilibrium loses its stability and Hopf bifurcation occurs. Lastly, we determine that sports have a positive effect on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, directly reducing the number of people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.


Based on comprehending and analyzing the amplitude and phase of aircraft returns from the routine air-defense radar,a method of extracting JEM signature based on decomposing the returns into amplitude and phase was proposed,namely to extract the JEM signature singly by both AR spectrum estimation for phase and wavelet transform for amplitude.The analysis of factual sampling data shows that the extracted JEM signature is steady,and by signatures synthesis the value of signature estimation is precise and its error is reduced.The method can be used to recognize the aircraft targets that produce JEM signature.


Chiral synthons containing either 13C‐ or 15N‐labelled glycine were prepared. The 13C and 15N NMR spectra of the Ni(II) complex of the Schiff base of (S)‐2‐(N‐benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone and 13C‐1‐, 13C‐2‐ or 15N‐labelled glycine were measured and assigned. The observed splitting of the carbon signals is due to long‐range J(13C,13C) and J(15N,13C) couplings. The mutual influence of nuclei is transferred via the central Ni(II) atom in square‐planar complexes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a ceric oxide with controlled particle size. The invention also relates, as new industrial products, a ceria to new morphological characteristics. the process of the invention is characterized in that it consists in hydrolysing an aqueous solution of a cerium IV salt in an acid medium in the presence of an aqueous collodale dispersion of a cerium compound IV; separating the precipitate obtained; and then subjecting it to a heat treatment. Said process allows to obtain a ceria fine and narrow particle size distribution.


A program to spur development of daring technologic improvements in cancer treatment and detection in the 21st century. A five-year, $48 million program which seeks to stimulate development of radically new technologies in cancer care that can transform what is now impossible into the realm of the possible for detecting, diagnosing, and intervening in cancer at its earliest stages of development. The vision of the Unconventional Innovations Program is to couple detection and diagnostic technologies based on remote sensing to far less invasive treatments than those employed today which, though often effective, can be uncomfortable and painful. The ultimate goal of the program is to provide medical care for cancer patients that detects early cellular changes typical of cancer and includes treatments that target molecular alterations from occurring in an individual patient's cells. (from NIH news release 10/06/98)


In this paper, we consider an asynchronous random access scheme called irregular repetition ALOHA (IRA) as a generalization of contention resolution ALOHA (CRA) with varying repetitions. We present an asymptotic performance analysis of CRA and IRA on the collision channel for regular and irregular repetition rates. We also propose an improvement by merging the clean parts of packet replicas in partial collisions, and extend our analysis to this scenario as well. Specific designs of repetition distributions based on the new analysis show that the optimized solutions of irregular repetition slotted ALOHA (IRSA) perform well in both IRA and the enhanced scheme, and they considerably outperform the regular repetition distributions. We also introduce energy harvesting (EH) to both schemes as a practical and sustainable adaptation, where users are able to harvest energy and store it in their finite-capacity batteries. We model the battery state by a discrete-time Markov chain and derive an optimal transmission policy to maximize the asymptotic performance of the system. We provide comprehensive numerical results for both practical and asymptotic scenarios to verify the validity of the proposed analyses, and illustrate the benefits of the proposed systems.


In the last decade, the field of Fault Detection and Diagnosis in the electric motor manufacturing industry, are becoming more important. The methods used to study the fault detection and diagnoses are based on an explicit mathematical model of the system under test. This article presents, in detail, a method for the study and the simulation of a symmetrical short-circuit of a synchronous machine. It will be calculate and plot the variation of the current of a phase in time, by using the software of Matlab. So, the paper is a theoretical approach on the fault detection and simulation.


Abstract This study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar on maize production and nutrient retention with recommended full and half dose of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition in loamy soil. In the first study, maize was grown in pots with four levels of biochar (0, 2, 4, and 6 t ha−1) under two levels of NP fertilizer, viz. recommended (200–150 kg NP ha−1) and it's half (100–75 kg NP ha−1) dose. The prominent improvement in plant roots traits, leaf area, plant growth, morphological and yield-related parameters were observed with addition of biochar at 2 and 4 t ha−1; while, plant height, number of grains per cob, grains and biological yield decreased with biochar addition 6 t ha−1 along with full dose of NP nutrition. In subsequent field studies, two levels of biochar along with control (0, 2, 4 t ha−1) were investigated. The more improvement in root growth, leaf area and crop growth was observed when biochar was applied at 2 t ha−1 with full NP nutrition. Biochar application at 2 t ha−1 with full NP nutrition produced the highest grain yield (6.64 t ha−1); however, biochar addition (2 t ha−1) with half NP nutrition resulted in better grain yield than full dose of NP to enhance maize production as compared with full dose of NP without biochar. Therefore, biochar addition (2 t ha−1) with half-recommended dose of NP prominently improved the maize productivity in loamy soil and serve as better in replacement of full dose of NP fertilizer.


The occurrence and distribution of 10 metals in Black sea marine organisms was studied. The study provides useful initial information on the heavy metal content in and between different groups of benthic organisms and, thus, describes the trends of the ecological situation in the Black Sea.


If the COVID-19 pandemic tells us anything, it is that an environmental risk policy focused primarily on an efficient economy and only the ex post regulation of harm to the environment is not adequate. It fails to protect and empower of the intrinsic human and natural values that ought to be the foundation of planning and policy implementation. The 'economic' status-quo has failed for decades to properly regulate climate change, but the immediate threat and the drastic ex post measures required by the overall lack of policy planning and anticipation of harm with this pandemic is evidence that the conventional assumptions of our current public policy model are severely flawed. Science can tell us what we have, but policy is necessary in term of how we prepare and which values drive that planning. In this chapter, I argue that it is only with a change to the essential philosophical-moral premises of environmental risk law and policy that we can move to anticipatory Ecosystem Policy and protect the intrinsic values at stake, now, and in the future. This requires that we replace the dominance of the Market Paradigm for policy choice with a Philosophical-Policy and Legal Design Paradigm created from Kant's Argument for Justice-From-Autonomy.


Mindanao is home to many unknown weevil species, specifically those remote and unexplored mountain ecosystems. Two new species, Metapocyrtus (Metapocyrtus) mendioi sp. nov. and M. (M.) edmai sp. nov. are described from Mount Natampod, Pantaron Range, San Fernando, Bukidnon, Mindanao, Philippines. Habitat, ecology, and threats are provided. Moreover, a distribution map of all known Metapocyrtus species in the Philippine archipelago is also provided.


The paper aims to investigate social commerce systems from a systems thinking perspective. It proposes to model the social commerce process and outlines how Following, Communicating, Purchasing, and Sharing are systematically connected with each other in the social commerce process. The paper describes an exploratory review study using the systematic literature review method, including 384 social commerce research papers, which were published from 2011 to 2021. The data are refined by documentary analysis, including Study Selection Criteria and Quality Assessment processes. The paper systematically develops a conceptual framework for understanding social commerce. Previous research on social commerce mainly focuses on one or more particular key success factors (such as trust) in social commerce, and a few of them investigate social commerce as an integral business system. This review provides a more comprehensive basis for future social commerce research.


The decade of the 1960s witnessed a vast expansion of the harmonic resources available to the jazz composer. The compositions of jazz pia nist Herbie Hancock played an important role in shaping this emerging harmonic language. The innovations that arose affected both harmonic structure (chord type) and harmonic progression (chord-to-chord succes sion). These newer harmonic developments?often referred to as "modal harmony" or "modal jazz"?remain today as a significant cornerstone of the harmonic vocabulary of jazz. In this article I examine several of Hancock's compositions written and recorded during the 1960s, pointing out Hancock's compositional approaches and innovations against the backdrop of standard functional harmony and modal harmony. I address three general questions: (1) How is compositional structure created when harmonic function is weakened or absent? (2) How did Hancock further extend the modal innovations pioneered by Miles Davis and others? (3) In what ways was Hancock


Viscosities of dilute solutions of six fractions of polymethyl methacrylate in the molecular weight range of 48,000–400,000 have been obtained with benzene, toluene, chloroform, tetrachloroethane, and n-amyl methyl ketone as solvents at different temperatures in the range 25–60°C. There is evidence for association of polymer in amyl methyl ketone, and degradation in tetrachloroethane is possible at higher temperatures. Variations of [η] and of k′ with solvent agree generally with those observed by other workers. Where comparison is possible, values of K and a in the expression [η] = KMa are also in general agreement with other values. Values of K′ in the Flory equation [η] = K′M1/2/α3 may possibly vary with solvent, and it is suggested that in cases where solvation of polymer occurs, the chains may be prevented from adopting the unperturbed configuration adopted in less polar solvents. [η] increases with increase of temperature in all cases but that of tetrachloroethane, but there appears to be a maximum value near 53°C. with both benzene and amyl methyl ketone. The variation of the exponent a with temperature is similar to that of [η]. In the cases of benzene and chloroform, the temperature coefficient of [η] seems to be primarily due to changes in the value of the swelling factor α, but in other cases changes in the value of (r02/M) are important, r02 being the mean square unperturbed end-to-end distance of the polymer chains.


Energy conservation and load balancing of the sensor nodes are the important issues considered in the design of Wireless Sensor Network WSN). By using clustering approach, the energy consumption of nodes in the network can be decreased thereby increasing its lifetime. In various multi-hop cluster-based routing protocols, nodes nearer to the Base Station (BS) exhaust their energy quickly than other nodes as data from the entire network is forwarded to BS through them. Due to this, nearby nodes die sooner and network get partitioned. This is known as hot spot problem. In this work I implement Fermat point based Secure Data Aggregation Protocol (SDAP) which eliminates the redundant data transmission over the network, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the network and we can avoid the hotspot problem. Keywordsadditive white Gaussian noise, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, Network simulator, Secure Data Aggregation Protocol, Wireless Sensor Network


For last ten years ICT based contemporary teaching technologies has been developed into fast evolving segment of state-of-the-art applications. Newest teaching technologies enable to move from lecture-driven classes with chalk and chalkboards to comprehensive class environment that meets learning needs of every student and provide thorough conditions for teaching. Auditorium response technology offers exceptional opportunities for cost-effective automation of computer-based testing of students' responses with low infrastructure demands, provides a variety of reports including participant score reports, roster report and scores analysis report. The paper systemized good experience and best practices accumulated in employing of response technologies.


AbstractThe success of plasma exchange in the treatment of autoimmune disease states has stimulated the development of various techniques to overcome the disadvantages of exchange and to provide for a


The purpose of this research was to evaluate molecular markers and some quantitative fruit traits, in a complete diallel cross without reciprocals, among five tomato recombinant inbred lines and their hybrids. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pericarp polypeptide profiles were obtained in four stages of fruit maturity of 15 genotypes. Among other traits, fruit weight, titratable acidity, pH, shelf life, and firmness were evaluated. The percentages of polymorphism for molecular markers and for the genetic variability for quantitative characters were calculated in the recombinant lines, hybrids and total genotypes. Cluster analyses were done for each level of genetic variation. The percentage of polymorphism varied between 34 and 54% for AFLP, and between 40 and 78% for polypeptide profiles. Higher polymorphism was observed in the group of hybrids. The genetic variability was 100% for titratable acidity and 34% for firmness, and the highest values were found in the parents. The genetic similarity varied among genotypes according to the level of genetic variation; however, the clustering consistency of some recombinant lines and their hybrids was conserved, which evidenced associations among molecular and phenotypic data.


Source Citation Pittler MH, Ernst E. Efficacy of kava extract for treating anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Feb;20:84-9. 10653213


E-portfolio is a learning tool that is recognized as valuable in enhancement of the quality of teaching and learning and orientation towards student-centred learning. It can be used for various purposes in education, from storing learners' work, recording achievements, as assessment of and for learning, as a means for monitoring learners' progress, for presentation and marketing purposes or for mobility between educational institutions. E-portfolio has been present for more than a decade and its benefits in education were immediately recognized with predictions for prominent future. But today, it is still being rediscovered, explained and introduced despite some really good examples of use. The University of Zagreb started with the process of e-portfolio implementation in 2008 by establishing the university e-portfolio system and providing support to users. In 2012, this process was fostered with the project "Use of the e-portfolio system in the educational process" in cooperation with the University of Porto, Portugal. The presentation will summarise opportunities of using e-portfolio in higher education with emphasis on the e-portfolio as a learning activity. Also, an overview will be given on the e-portfolio implementation process at the University of Zagreb.


In the current randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting – Child Care (VIPP-CC) was tested in home-based childcare. Forty-eight caregivers were randomly assigned to the intervention group or control group. Caregivers scoring high on sensitivity (n = 37) served as an additional comparison group. Global childcare quality improved in the intervention group, but not in the control group. Although the program did not change observed caregiver sensitivity, caregivers in the intervention group showed a more positive attitude towards sensitive caregiving than caregivers in the control group. The study shows that the family-based intervention can be applied with some minor modifications in a professional group setting as well. The brief VIPP-CC program is an important tool for enhancing quality of homebased child care.


We introduce a subordination-based approach to modeling of anomalous diffusion processes in time-dependent force fields. Using the concept of inverse subordinators and the theory of Levy processes, we construct rigorously a stochastic process, which corresponds to the fractional Fokker-Planck equation with time-dependent force. Our model provides good physical insight through the trajectories. Moreover, it allows to study different anomalous diffusion processes both analytically and numerically.


With the increased availability of rainfall measurements from multiple sensors having different spatiotemporal characteristics, issues of sensor fusion and intercomparison of different estimation methods are emerging as critical research questions. Cokriging is perhaps the most widely used method to fuse measurements from two sensors, for example, radar and rain gages. Cokriging offers a minimum variance estimate and can be shown to be the best linear estimator. It, however, requires the estimation of semivariograms which are usually not well behaved for rain gages. In addition, semivariograms and cross variograms estimated for radar and rain gages are subjected to constraints which are not easily met for most of the cases we examined. Here an alternative fusion methodology, based on recent developments in artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented. ANNs are nonlinear estimators and thus have a distinct advantage over traditional statistical methods. Intercomparison of rainfall estimation, using cokriging and ANN methods, suggests that ANNs provide a more attractive and robust fusion of rainfall measurements from radar and rain gages for several storms from Oklahoma.


The present invention relates to an aqua shoe having a jellyfish elimination function, and more particularly, to an aqua shoe having a jellyfish elimination function for safely protecting a human body from jellyfish by combining an ultra low frequency generator, a diverging pad, . According to the present invention, there is provided an aqua shoe comprising an upper which protects a bottom window and a foot, an ultra low frequency generator installed on the upper and generating an ultra low frequency to prevent access to the jellyfish; A diverging pad installed on the window and emitting an ultra low frequency transmitted from the ultra low frequency generator; And a connection cable mounted between the ultra low frequency generator and the diverging pad for electrically connecting the ultra low frequency generator and the diverging pad. The present invention relates to an aqua shoes having a jellyfish eliminating function, do.


Comparison of 149 Australian women in physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy with the standardization women (n = 749) on Edwards Personal Preference Schedule showed the Australians to be significantly higher on Autonomy, Succorance, Nurturance, Change, and Aggression and significantly lower on Deference, Exhibition, Dominance, Abasement, and Order.


Taking police etiquette as a cultural form,the article gives an analysis of the cultural connotation and hierarchical structure of police etiquette,and the main participators and content of police etiquette cultural activities.And finally,the article also gives an explanation of the cultural functions of this etiquette and some good tips on how to dynamically cultivate police etiquette culture.


We report a 20 mJ diode-pumped pulsed laser system operating at 1050 nm, featuring a hybrid CPA laser system composed by a 2.5 mJ Yb:CaF2 regenerative amplifier and a 20 mJ, eight passes Yb:YAG amplifier.


A noncombustible plywood manufacturing method using the residual wood is provided, which can prevent the big accident caused by generation of the fire. A noncombustible plywood manufacturing method using the residual wood comprises: a timber selection and single panel cutting process; a single panel strengthening process; a punching process for performing punching around girth of the strengthened single panel using the perforation device; a flame resisting liquid manufacturing process; an immersion and drying process; a hot melt adhesive cutting process; a connection board manufacturing process for connecting the flame resisting single panel using the hot melt adhesive; a lamination process for laminating the connected single panel; a pressing process; and a finish process.


The telecommunications revolution has offered medical professionals the possibility to transmit information of any sort while zeroing transmission time latency and annihilating spatial distances. R...


The effect of lead stress on the growth and some physiological indexes of Salix matsudanaunder different concentration treatments by using pot-culture method were studied.The results showed that the specific leaf weight,plant height and ground diameter of Salix matsudana seedling had an inhibited growth,and the gross content of chlorophyll and root activity exhibited an decreasing tendency,while the changes of praline contents and cell membrane permeability was opposite with increasing concentrations of lead stress.When the concentration of lead were 300 mg/kg,the proline contents,cell membrane permeability and root activity had a significantly difference respectively(P0.05)in comparison with control.When the concentration of lead was 600 mg/kg,the plant height and ground diameter had a significantly difference respectively(P0.05)in comparison with control.The lead stress had no obvious influence on the Chlorophyll a and the ratio of Chlorophyll a to Chlorophyll b.


Designed as a guide to hands-on, day-to-day environmental management, this book covers the nuts and bolts technical and management aspects of environmental compliance in addition to the basic regulatory issues. Written in plain English, not legalese, this book details the historic, legal, and scientific background from most environmental media and then explains the practical aspects of achieving both the paperwork and technical compliance. You'll learn how to successfully organize your compliance program, deal effectively with audits and inspections, accurately prepare reports when needed, maintain records, and train employees to meet your compliance goals.


FIELD: water facilities, particularly water delivery devices. SUBSTANCE: delivery device in accordance with the first embodiment comprises body, unfiltered liquid receiver, flexible pipeline, filtered liquid outlet, shuttle valve arranged inside the body, executive tool mechanically connected to shuttle valve and providing switching from unfiltered liquid distribution to filtered liquid distribution from delivery device, as well as filter arranged in the body. Device in accordance with the second embodiment comprises body, unfiltered liquid receiver, flexible pipeline, filtered liquid outlet, unfiltered liquid outlet and shuttle valve arranged inside the body. The shuttle valve provides choice of liquid flow through filtered liquid outlet or unfiltered liquid outlet. Delivery device also has executive tool mechanically connected to the shuttle valve and providing switching from unfiltered liquid distribution to filtered liquid distribution from delivery device. Arranged in the body is filter. Device in accordance with the third embodiment comprises body, unfiltered liquid receiver, filtered liquid outlet, unfiltered liquid outlet and one shuttle valve arranged inside the body. The shuttle valve provides choice of liquid flow through filtered liquid outlet or unfiltered liquid outlet. Delivery device also has the first executive tool mechanically connected to the shuttle valve and the second executive tool mechanically linked with the valve. Device includes filter arranged in the body. EFFECT: possibility to create water facilities adapted to be used in living or office spaces to selective serve filtered or unfiltered water to consumer, reduced occupied space when used with water tap connected to conventional water basin. 32 cl, 15 dwg


The main amines in frozen and fresh hake (Merluccius merluccius) are the natural polyamines, spermine and spermidine. The levels of volatile and nonvolatile amines during storage of hake were strongly dependent on temperature. In samples stored at -20 ° only changes in dimethylamine and agmatine were found, whereas major changes were observed in samples stored at higher temperatures. Cadaverine was the major amine formed, followed by histamine, putrescine and tyramine. The maximum levels of biogenic amines were lower than those reported for other fish species. Trimethylamine and biogenic amines related to hake spoilage showed levels higher in fresh than in frozen samples, whereas levels of natural polyamines were not statistically different.


describe the COINE Project, an approach to enabling a wide range of users to create and share their own stories, thus contributing to the development of cultural heritage at the local level


Representations of how the ancient Egyptians saw the sky have come down to us in the form of astronomical diagrams that are known from tombs, memorial temples, water clocks, and coffins. An emphatic element of these catalogues of celestial phenomena, comprising both textual and visual information, was the drawings of constellations. They appeared in two groups in the southern and northern panels of the astronomical diagrams. Two different strands of tradition existed about the northern constellations, exemplified by the astronomical diagrams in the tombs of Senenmut and Seti I. Based on the analysis of the arrangement of the constellation figures within these documents, and through the examination of a wide range of relevant sources, the paper – using the principle of visual resemblance and the help of planetarium software – identifies the star patterns in the sky from which the ancient Egyptian constellations were derived. ENiM – Une revue d'égyptologie sur internet. http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr


In this paper, we propose a new layered learning approach for Genetic Programming (GP), called GPLL. Our new GPLL is an extension of the earlier work in [8] incorporating theoretically and experimentally founded components derived from progressive sampling (PS). This new version of GPLL is tested and compared with standard GP on three real-world problems. Tuned for computational efficiency, it is able to demonstrate very substantial reductions in computational cost for relatively small (and generally non-significant) reductions in generalisation accuracy. At the other extreme, computational costs are still substantially less than for GP, while generalisation accuracies are consistently slightly better.


Objective To evaluate the efects of knowledge about malaria ater the implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project in Chongqing for future prevention and treatment of malaria.Methods Four counties were selected from the counties of Global Fund Malaria Project of Chongqing.hree towns were randomly selected in each selected county;one primary school and one high school were investigated in each selected town;one class was randomly selected in each selected school;and 30 students in each selected class were randomly selected.hen,three villages were randomly selected in each selected county;one group of villagers were randomly selected in each selected village;and 200 local residents were randomly investigated in each selected villager group.Before and ater implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project,their awareness of malaria was investigated using a questionnaire.Results Ater implementation of the project,the pupils' average awareness rate of knowledge about malaria rose from 58.94% to 89.96%(χ2=179.48,P0.01) with average increase of 31.02%;the middle school students' average awareness rate of rose from 52.83% to 86.06%(χ2=196.64,P0.01) with average increase of 33.23%;the local residents' average awareness rate of knowledge about malaria rose from 56.74% to 83.89%(χ2=1 281.70,P0.01) with average increase of 27.15%.he accuracies of all respondents ater project implement was higher than before.Ater the implementation,the accuracies of malaria transmission route,main clinical symptoms,and seeing doctor while malaria occurring were all above 80%,but the accuracy of the index of best preventive methods was less than 50%.Conclusion he implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project in Chongqing increase the awareness rate of malaria knowledge but the relevant education should be strengthened,so as to promote general population's awareness of malaria prevention.


In the Australian press, radio and TV there is evidence of widening interest in science communication. There seems to be a warming up of the distrustful relationship between scientists and the media as greater experience and effort on both sides have deepened the scientists/reporters awareness of the constraints and challenges in science reportage.


Background Maternal continuums of care were vital to reducing maternal and neonatal mortalities. While the dropout rate remains high and limited studies were found on risk factors associated with a high dropout rate of the maternal continuum of care. Objective This study aimed to assess the magnitude of dropout rate and its associated factors of maternity continuum of care in Ethiopia, 2016 Methods An in-depth secondary data analysis was conducted from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A total of 4,693 women who were booked for antenatal care visit were included to the final analysis. A community-based cross-sectional study design and a pre-tested and standardized questionnaire were used to collect the survey data. Data were weighted using women data weighting variables. Chi-square and multicollinearity assumptions were checked for independent variables. Bi-variable and multivariable logistics regression used to identify associated factors with a cut of the p-value of 0.2 and 0.05 respectively. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95%CI was reported for the final model. Results Of the total 4,693 women who were booked for antenatal care visits, 2,092(44.58%), 2,183 (46.52%), and 4,086(87.07%) dropped from a recommended number of ANC, Institutional delivery and postnatal care visit respectively. Only 308 (6.56%, 95%CI: 5.89, 7.31) women used all the complete continuum of care. Not married, and poorest wealth index were significantly associated with dropout from ANC visit. Being a protestant religious follower was significantly associated with dropout from PNC after antenatal care booking. While not exposed to media, distance from health facility as a big problem, protestant affiliation, parity of 2 to 4 and above4, Wealth index of the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer significantly associated with dropout from institutional delivery. Not being informed about pregnancy complications during their ANC visit was significantly associated with dropout from ANC, PNC, and institutional delivery. Conclusions Dropout of women from the maternity continuum of care after antenatal care booking was a public health problem in Ethiopia. Socio-demographic, pregnancy, and health service-related factors were significant determinants of dropout from the maternity continuum of care. Improving the family wealth index, increasing access to health facilities, media exposure, and giving more information during the antenatal care visit is important to reduce the dropout rate from the maternity continuum of care.


The English extracurricular activity is the extension of English classroom teaching, is the absolutely necessary auxiliary teaching form of English classroom. As one language, the essence of English is for the communication. Only having the language ability can the communication be carried on. In the process of studing English, it is really not sufficient to depend upon the classroom teaching merely, the massive extracurricular activities provide the practical platform for the student, and lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of student's creativity and intercultural communicative competence.


The positioning technology for a moving object is an important and essential component of ubiquitous computing environment and applications, for which Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been considered as a core technology. RFID-based positioning system calculates the position of moving object based on k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) algorithm using detected k-tags which have known coordinates and kcan be determined according to the detection range of RFID system. In this paper, RFID-based positioning system determines the position of moving object not using weight factor which depends on received signal strength but assuming that tags within the detection range always operate and have same weight value. Because the latter system is much more economical than the former one. The geometries of tags were determined with considerations in huge buildings like office buildings, shopping malls and warehouses, so they were determined as the line in 1-Dimensional space, the square in 2-Dimensional space. In 1-Dimensional space, the optimal detection range is determined as 125% of the tag spacing distance through the analytical and numerical approach. Here, the analytical approach means a mathematical proof and the numerical approach means a simulation using matlab. But the analytical approach is very difficult in 2-Dimensional space, so through the numerical approach, the optimal detection range is determined as 134% of the tag spacing distance in 2-Dimensional space. This result can be used as a fundamental study for designing RFID-based positioning system.


Kawasaki disease(KD) is a systemic vasculitis diseases.It may be involved multisystem.The most serious complication is coronary artery lesions, which is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in adult.Coronary artery disease caused by endothelial cell dysfunction has attracted the attention of many scholars.Now summarize the research progress in recent years as follows: endothelial cell function evaluation methods, KD markers of endothelial cell injury, and the relationship of the endothelial cell dysfunction with KD coronary lesions.

Key words:
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; Endothelial cell; Coronary artery lesions


By using daily temperature and humidity data detected by the 35-channel of MP-3000A ground-based microwave radiometer and L-band atmosphere detection system in Urumqi in 2010,the detection performances of the ground-based microwave radiometer and its application during rainfall weather processes were investigated.The results show that temperature and humidity data measured by the ground-based microwave radiometer and L-band atmosphere detection system had good consistency and correlation,and the correlation coefficients of temperature,relative humidity,water vapor density and precipitable water were 0.99,0.74,0.92 and 0.94,respectively,which all reached a significant level at 0.01.The analysis of the vertical profile below 10 km showed that the temperature measured by the radiometer was systemically smaller than that measured by radiosonde,but the relative humidity and water vapor density were larger than the sounding measurements.The deviation of mesured values of precipitable water was minimum in winter and maximum in summer.The change trend of profiles of temperature and humidity measured by the radiometer and radiosonde were the same when rainfall occurre,and the temperature and the water vapor density over 2 000 m were less influenced by rainfall weather.The microwave radiometer can well reflect the spatial and temporal distribution and violent variation features of the heat and water vapor parameters during the beginning and ending stage of heavy rainfall.


This paper investigates whether housing allowance affects recipients' tenure choice in Sweden. To answer this question, a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood probit (2SCMLP) model is applied in a panel data setting to simultaneously control for individual heterogeneity, state dependence and endogeneity. The empirical study is based on administrative data of housing allowance recipients living in three major metropolitan areas of Sweden between the years 1994 and 2002. The results indicate that the housing allowance positively affects recipients' homeownership propensity in Sweden. Therefore the worry of a 'rental trap' is dismissed within the Swedish housing allowance system. Instead, we conclude that the Swedish housing allowance system is doing a fairly good job in supporting low-income households to obtain and maintain their homeownership. Furthermore, no evidence was found to indicate that the reform of the Swedish housing allowance system in 1996–97 essentially changed this fact.


Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (1). DM impacts the connective tissue and causes various changes in peri-articular and articular structures.An increase in enthesopathic complications in diabetic patients such as patellar tendinitis bursitis, achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis, was observed In many studies. Objectives This study aims to detect subclinical lower limb enthesitis in type 2 DM by musculoskeletal ultrasonography & its relation to poor glycemic control & disease duration Methods This study was carried out on 80 persons. Diabatic group forty patients diagnosed as diabetes according to ADA diagnostic criteria. Control group Forty apparent healthy volunteers both groups was matched at age and sex.Sonographic evaluations and scoring were performed according to Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System(GUESS) on the enthses of both lower limbs. Results At the diabetic group the Musculoskeletal Ultrasound findings was as following. The Quariceps tendon enthesitis in 30 patients (75%), proximal patellar enthesitis was in 28 patients (70%), Distal patellar enthesitis in 22 patients (55%), Achilles enthesitis in 27 patients (67.5) & planter aponeurosis enthesitis in 25 patients (55%).There is a statistically significant difference between age and Ultrasound findings p. value <0.05.There is a statistically significant correlation between disease duration and (proximal patellar ligament,Achilles tendon, quadriceps tendon and plantar fascia) thickness p. value<0.05. Conclusion Entheseal abnormalities can be documented by ultrasonography in clinically asymptomatic patients with Diabetes. These findings could be related to a subclinical entheseal inflammation. References [1] Okur SC, YaseminPekinDogan, Murat Mert, OzgeAksu, OzerBurnaz, Nil SayinerCaglar(2017): Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Lower Extremity Entheseal Sites in Diabetic Patients Using Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System Score, Journal of Medical Ultrasound (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu..03.011 [2] SMITH, L., BURNET, S. & MCNEIL, J. (2003): Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. British journal of sports medicine, 37, 30-35. Disclosure of Interests None declared


The increasing level of average inbreeding in most dairy cattle populations is gaining awareness and creating concern amongst producers and other others involved in genetic improvement. In fact, from a genetic selection perspective, it is not surprising that the genetic evaluation systems and selection programs used in dairy cattle breeding for the past decade or two have led to these increased levels of the inbreeding. Annual rates of genetic progress are maximized when the intensity of selection is high and significant genetic variation exists in the population, but these forces act against each other.


A commercially available core-shell rubber nanoparticle dispersion (CSR) was 10 introduced into a carbon fibre/epoxy composite with the primary aim of enhancing the 11 composite's fracture toughness. The dispersion and permeation of the CSR particles through 12 the thickness of the laminate was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 13 flexural and compression after impact (CAI) properties of the CSR toughened laminates were 14 investigated. The residual compressive strength values increased between 6-26% with the 15 incorporation of 1 to 3 weight% of CSR. The glass transition temperature of the composite, 16 obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), remained unchanged up to 3% loading 17 of CSR. The transverse flexural strength of the composites showed a drop between 6-14% 18 with the addition of 1-5 weight% of CSR. The results indicated that addition of a small 19 amount of CSR (between 1-3 weight%) in the resin formulation might be beneficial to 20 enhance the fracture toughness of carbon fibre/epoxy composites without any concomitant 21 adverse effects on other important properties. 22 * Corresponding author: Tel: +353-61-234164: Fax: +353-61-213529. 23 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com 24


The recently approved LARES satellite, to be launched with a VEGA rocket at the end of 2008, will be used to measure the general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth by suitably combining its data with those of the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites. An accuracy of about 1% is claimed. In this paper we will show that such an expectation may be optimistic because of the orbital configuration in which LARES will be launched (altitude h = 1200 km, inclination to the Earth's equator i = 71 deg, eccentricity e = 0) and of the impact of the mismodelling in the even zonal harmonic coefficients J_L, L = 2,4,6,... of the Newtonian multipolar expansion of the terrestrial gravitational potential. By using nine different global solutions for the static part of the geopotential obtained by five different international institutions, mainly from multi-year data records of the dedicated GRACE mission, it turns out that, according to computations up to degree L = 60 based on the well known Kaula's approach, the bias amounts to 25-35% with peaks of 45-50%. Such estimates may be optimistic because of numerical instability in computing the classical orbital perturbations on LARES for degree L > 60.


Hydrogen-1 n.m.r. spectra of uranyl complexes of the ligands (L) di-2-pyridyl sulphide (dps) and di-2-pyridyl ketone (dpk), [UO2L2]X2(X = Cl, ClO4, NO3, or NCS), have been run at 250 MHz in the pulsed Fourier-transform mode, and the observed induced shifts for the pyridine-ring protons have been analysed, by means of a computer-assisted method, in terms of the pseudo-contact equation and of the molecular conformation. In general, for protons in meta positions with respect to the heteroatom, the shifts observed are essentially dipolar in origin. The pseudo-contact equation in combination with the computer method can be employed to determine the molecular conformation of uranyl complexes in the solution state.


Aiming at nine problems of agriculture resource environment in Chongqing,namely: degradation of agriculture resource,destroying prick up increasingly,nocuousness biology manifold,decline of biodiversity,loss of water and erosion of soil in slope plantation graveness,agriculture nature calamity occurring frequently,outbreaks of plant diseases and insect pests,some agriculture products polluted by pesticide and heavy metals,soil polluted by heavy metals in some place,air polluted more graveness in some farmland in city suburb,accident on crop being polluted happy sometimes,fishery water quality worsening,second river polluted severity,agriculture non-point pollution more severity in the Three Gorges.We described the serious situation in the city of Chongqing.After evaluation in detailed the environmental and ecological problems,we also pointed out seven countermeasures on sustainable development of agriculture in our region.


A new approach is developed to control 3-D bipedal motion and balance under disturbance, called the behavior-based locomotion controller (BBLC). Bipedal walking is divided into various task motions and optional control behaviors, which are utilized by a behavior-based controller to generate new balancing strategies (i.e., combinations of behaviors resulting in the balance of the robot) that are more robust to unknown external disturbances. A reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, namely Q-learning, is used to determine which behavior combinations result in new balancing strategies. The controller is implemented on ABL-BI, a 13-DOF bipedal robot. Three different disturbance cases are examined: a push, step, and slope disturbance. For each case, the BBLC is able to generate a new balancing strategy that increases the robustness of the system to the disturbance. The BBLC framework also provides the ability to interpret the RL agent's actions, due to the combination of discrete behaviors that the agent deals with. Additionally, an evaluation of the selected balancing behaviors is completed using a stability analysis of the linear inverted pendulum.


The energy based analytical method which is common in the field on ferroelectric substance was applied to SMA to construct a continuous mathematical model for control analysis. The model includes a term of stress time derivative, consequently this model is useful for the control system analysis m which the velocity of control signal dynamically changes. Using this mathematical model, it will be easier to apply nonlinear control method like adaptive control to SMA. INTRODUCTION SMA is a suitable material for micro actuator because of its large power/weight ratio. The research on a tube type multilink micro manipulator using SMA actuator is conducted now. This manipulator has 5 links whose pipe's diameter is 2mm and each joint is moved by vending type SMA. Using such kind of manipulator, precise position control of the end effecter or force feedback control is difficult because SMA has hysterical characteristic in the relationship between temperature and strain(stress). To realize a good controller for this SMA actuator, several approaches have been taken[ 1][2] [3]. According to conventional ways of SMA modeling, cooling(1oading) process and heating process(un1oading) are formulated separately and combined together to describe the hysteresis. And each process's formula are statically defined according to the parameter like As(austenite phase starting point), Ms(martensite phase starting point) etc. which are measured with DSC(Deferentia1 Scanning Calorimetry). But i t is known that shape of the hysteresis curve changes dynamically according to the velocity of thermal input. The aim of this research is to provide a continuous mathematical model of SMA for control analysis,which can represent a dynamic change of the shape. of SMA hysteresis. As a result, i t will be easy to apply this model to various kinds of nonlinear control methods because the mathematical model is described as continuous nonlinear deferential formula. CONTINUOIJS SYSTEM MODELING OF S M A To represent the relationship between the temperature and strain of SMA, the mechanical energy per uni t length of SMA U is derived as follows: CO, c1, c2 : constant [NI c* : constant [ N K ] E : Strain T : Temperature [K] The second and the third term represent elastic energy and the last term represents the work to the outside during a cycle. According to the "Clausius-Clapeyron like relationship"(2), the stress dependence of the transformation temperatures can be expressed by generalized temperature (T-CO) instead of T, where o denotes stress.[2] In this formula, c is defined by current phase state of SMA.


The paper analyzed the structure of heat insulation layer of furnace wall,roof and heel duct of the boiler focusing on heat loss due to imperfect heating-insulation during operation for 200MW unit made by former Soviet Union,and proposed the scheme of improving furnace wall heat insulation,using a new kind of heating-insulation materials and construction procedure,which has a good efficiency in saving-energy and the thermal efficiency is promoted.


Telepresence and Telexistence are technologies that allow a user to experience a sense of presence in teleoperations where the operator was provided with an immersive stereoscopic display, auditory feedback and the ability to move arms hands and head according to his/her postural changes. Teleoperations in daily life is helpful in visiting hazardous sites, remote surgery, sightseeing without spending much time on travelling, Micro manipulation such as Biotechnology, Microsurgery, Micro assembly and Microchip manufacturing at nanometer scale, etc. "Body Schema" allows a human to keep an up-to-date representation of the positions of the different body parts in space. In teleoperations, "Body Schema" can be used to understand the posture of remote body and perform actions with the awareness thinking that the remote body is your own. Telepresence and Telexistence robots allow having some body schema experience during manipulation. However, in current experience, operator would not feel the entire upper body. Moreover, it is limited to body parts such as arms and head only. Secondly, body schema in teleoperation is not clearly defined. Depending on the manipulation type, the sensations that are needed to build the body schema are unknown, and the advantages of body schema over teleoperation have not been discussed in depth. This thesis contributes to defining "Body Schema" in teleoperations, designing a "Body Schema Transfer Model" for teleoperations where the model can be used to model Body Schema depending on the teleoperation type, the body parts involved, etc. The model is used to create cross modal perception sensations to achieve the body schema transfer experience in telexistence. By applying the model a telexistence master-slave robot system called "TELESAR V" was designed and implemented with the development of a high speed, robust, full upper body, mechanically unconstrained master cockpit and a 53 degrees of freedom (DOF) anthropomorphic slave robot. TELESAR V was able to provide an experience of user's body in space and that's the most simple and fundamental experience for feeling to be someone somewhere. "TELESAR V" system was evaluated technically to find out the speed limitations, reaching, and grasping capabilities. With the existing system, an initial


To compare the efficacy of three strategies for real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (RT‐CGM) over 12 months in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.


Abstract A biomorphic carbon template (BCT), which retained its pore morphology, was prepared by carbonising aspen under Ar atmosphere. The effect of carbonisation temperature on chemical composition, the microstructure and the non-isothermal oxidation kinetics and mechanism of BCT were characterised and studied. Experimental results show that the template has a honeycomb interconnected porous network and double peaked porous diameter distribution; it is a typical non-graphitisable carbon. When carbonisation temperature increases from 900 to 1300°C, the C=C, C–O–C and C–H bonds existing in BCT transform into C–C bonds slowly and the transformation finishes at 1300°C. The oxidation reaction of carbon template carbonised at 1300°C begins at 421·5°C, and reaction rate reaches a maximum when temperature is 465·4°C. The oxidation mechanism is random nucleation.


We prove that any connected proper Dupin hypersurface in $\R^n$ is analytic algebraic and is an open subset of a connected component of an irreducible algebraic set. We prove the same result for any connected non-proper Dupin hypersurface in $\R^n$ that satisfies a certain finiteness condition. Hence any taut submanifold M in $\R^n$, whose tube $M_\epsilon$ satisfies this finiteness condition, is analytic algebraic and is a connected component of an irreducible algebraic set. In particular, we prove that every taut submanifold of dimension $m \leq 4$ is algebraic.


Not very long ago, organizations used to identify their customers by means of one-factor authentication mechanisms. In today's world, however, these mechanisms cannot overcome the new security threats at least when it comes to high risk situations. Hence, identity providers have introduced varieties of two-factor authentication mechanisms. It may be argued that users may experience difficulties at time of authentication in systems that use two-factor authentication mechanisms for example because they may be forced to carry extra devices to be authenticated more accurately. This is however the tradeoff between ease-of-use and having a secure system that may be decided by the users and not the security providers. In this paper we present a new two-factor authentication mechanism that secures systems and at the same time is easier to use. We have used mnemonic features and the cache concept to achieve ease-of-use and security, respectively. Also, we have tested our method with almost 6500 users in real world using The Mechanical Turk Developer Sandbox. Index Terms—Security, authentication, identification, privacy, cache-based, mnemonic.


In this paper, the direction of arrival (DOA), the direction of departure (DOD) and the reflection coefficient of multiple targets in bistatic MIMO radar are estimated based on sparse signal restoration. Firstly, a two-dimension scanning space of bistatic MIMO radar is divided into dense grids, and a sparse signal model of multiple test vectors (MMV) is constructed. Secondly, a constrained optimization model with 12 norm is transformed into an unconstrained optimization model with Lagrange multipliers and is solved iteratively. Simulation results show that the three parameters of each target are estimated simultaneously and matched automatically without additional pairing, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.


This study of anesthetized, open-chest dogs compares the effects of primary increases in left ventricular preload and afterload upon global and regional myocardial function and metabolism in the presence of a left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (LAD). When LAD flow was reduced to 40–50% of control, regional systolic shortening declined by 20 to 25% and regional lactate extraction changed to production. In seven control dogs the mechanical abnormalities persisted during the 30 min of observation, but lactate production was reduced spontaneously. In ten dogs, increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) during dextran infusion were associated with increases in cardiac output and regional systolic shortening; however, regional lactate production also increased (P < 0.05) despite an augmentation in LAD flow. In seven dogs mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 32 mm Hg during angiotensin infusion (0.2 to 0.4 Asg/kg/min); LVEDP did not change but cardiac output decreased significantly. LAD artery flow improved markedly and lactate production shifted to extraction (P < 0.05) while systolic shortening remained unchanged. When angiotensin was discontinued, lactate extraction worsened again.Thus, in the presence of a severe coronary stenosis, a primary increase in preload improves cardiac output but at the expense of aggravated ischemia. In contrast, a primary increase in afterload reduces cardiac output but may improve perfusion and lactate uptake of the ischemic myocardium.


The structures of the DNA adducts formed in the metabolism of cyclic N -nitrosamines are not known. To approach this problem, we studied the reactions with deoxyguanosine, catalyzed by porcine liver esterase, of α-acetoxy- N -nitrosopyrrolidine and 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)butanal which are stable precursors to the reactive intermediates, α-hydroxy- N -nitrosopyrrolidine and 3-formyl-1-propanediazohydroxide, formed in the α-hydroxylation of the cyclic nitrosamine, N -nitrosopyrrolidine. The same two major deoxyguanosine adducts were produced in each reaction. They were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by their ultraviolet spectra, mass spectra, and proton magnetic resonance spectra. On the basis of these spectral data, the structures of the two major adducts were assigned as 3-(2-deoxy-β-d- erythro -pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8 R -hydroxy-6 R -methylpyrimido [1,2- a ]purine-10(3 H )one and 3-(2-deoxy-β-d- erythro -pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8 S -hydroxy-6 S -methylpyrimido[1,2- a ]purine-10(3 H )one, in which a new saturated six-membered ring is formed by reaction at the 1- and N 2-positions of deoxyguanosine. The same two adducts were formed in the reaction of crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) with deoxyguanosine. Mild acid hydrolysis of each of the two diastereomeric deoxyguanosine adducts yielded a pair of enantiomeric tricyclic 1, N2 -guanine derivatives which had spectral properties in accordance with the assigned structures. Treatment of these tricyclic 1, N2 -guanine derivatives with NaOH and NaBH4 yielded N2 -(3-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)guanine, confirming the structural assignments. The results of this study demonstrate that, unlike saturated dialkylnitrosamines which are metabolized to intermediates that give mainly 7-alkylation of deoxyguanosine, the intermediates formed in the α-hydroxylation of a cyclic nitrosamine, N -nitrosopyrrolidine, modify deoxyguanosine by forming cyclic 1, N2 -adducts.


Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite (St-g-PAA/OMOR) superabsorbent composites were prepared via inverse suspension polymerizationutilizing potassium persulfate as an initiator and N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Different dosages of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used to obtain organo-mordenite (OMOR) samples with different organification degrees. The effects of the organification degree of OMOR on the water absorbency, swelling behavior, and reswelling properties of St-g-PAA/OMOR were studied. The results from both FTIR and XRD analyses indicate that the Si–OH group of OMOR was involved in the formation of the St-g-PAA/OMOR composite. SEM analyses showed that the organification degree of OMOR influenced the morphology of the St-g-PAA/OMOR composite. The water absorption absorbency, swelling rate, and reswelling capability of the St-g-PAA/OMOR composite prepared using the OMOR with the optimal organification degree were superior to those of the St-g-PAA/mordenite composite. The swelling behaviors of the St-g-PAA/OMOR composites, which were measured in distilled water, obeyed Schott's second-order kinetics model. The St-g-PAA/OMOR composite prepared using the OMOR with the 8 wt.% organification degree had the highest water absorption capacity and the highest swelling rate. Moreover, after five swelling–shrinking cycles, the composite retained its excellent water absorption capacity.


This chapter tries to elaborate on the weaknesses of the current international criminal law system while offering some ideas in order to overcome the problems of lengthy international criminal proceedings. It shows that it is time to give judges more responsibility in mainstreaming the proceedings because under the Rome Statute and its Rules of Procedure and Evidence (the Rules) they are vested with the power to change the way trials are conducted. One of the most important reasons which are normally stated in order to find reasons for long international criminal proceedings is the special characteristic of the crimes they are dealing with. The integration of victims into a traditional party proceeding will normally threaten the careful balance which is usually upheld between Prosecution and Defence, disturbing an equilibrium which has been reached over centuries of legal tradition. Keywords: international criminal law system; international criminal proceedings; legal tradition; Rome Statute


Two possible active jammer networking techniques in the air and on the surface are studied. Two conceptions of active jammer networking are discussed, the constrained conditions of networking and the special jamming techniques are analyzed. It is resulted that use of this technique adds difficulties to radar ECCM or radar net ECCM not only,but also could counter anti radiation weapons in some cases, could increase survivability of jammers, and even could achieve noise correlation jamming signal.


A series of lanthanum-doped hydroxyapatite(La-HAP) catalysts were prepared.The physicochemical properties of La-HAP were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform inferred spectroscopy,scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption.The catalytic activity of La-HAP for the epoxidation of styrene was investigated with H2O2 as an oxidant.The results indicated that with the introduction of La dopant,some Ca2+ in hydroxyapatite lattice were replaced by La3+,resulting in a lattice distortion and an increase in strength and quantity of surface base.The La-HAP catalyst with a La/(Ca+La) atomic ratio of 0.02 exhibited a maximum number of strong basic sites and provided the highest catalytic activity with 76.2% styrene conversion and 83.5% selectivity to epoxide.Such La-HAP catalyst could be reused several times with considerable stabilities in structure and performance.


Preferential (0004) oriented ferroelectric YMnO/sub 3/ thin films were prepared on Si substrates using inorganic precursors by sol-gel method. x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement was used to find out suitable processing temperature. A 0.4 volt C-V window was obtained for the MFS structure at room temperature. And a wider C-V window of 0.8 volt was obtained at 200 K. Also Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and AFM were used to characterize the films.


Summary We have shown that a significant progress in understanding the physics of illumina-tion- or forward-bias-induced boron-oxygen-related recombination centers in silicon hasbeen reached in the last few years. Two boron-oxygen centers with differing electronicproperties have been identified, one forms within a time-scale of seconds to minutes, theother one within hours. Although both centers are electronically activated, the experi-mental results indicate that the fast center forms via a charge-state-change of a latent de-fect and the slow center is activated via a recombination-enhanced defect reaction. A co-herent model has been developed for the slowly forming boron-oxygen center. In thismodel, a fast-diffusing positively charged oxygen dimer is trapped by substitutional bo-ron to form a recombination-active B s O 2i complex. Despite the fact that the fast-formingcenter has a similar core structure as the slowly forming one, the physics behind the fastdegradation process needs some further investigation. Importantly, in the final state aftercomplete degradation the carrier lifetime is limited by the slowly forming boron-oxygencenter only, which therefore is the device-performance limiting center.


Abstract : This report explains how to implement the design sections of MIL-H-46855, Human Engineering Requirements for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities. Written for Navy and contractor Human Factors Engineering (HFE) specialists. Cites DoD and Navy requirements for performing HFE design during system acquisition. Describes 8 standard HFE design techniques and 9 design techniques using computers. Explains when and how techniques are used, their products and purpose, and advantages and limitations. (Author)


In this article, I provide snapshots of key aspects of racism in the United States, both historically and in the present, using Marxism as my theoretical lens. I begin by looking at the genealogy of modernity, the eclipse of the non-European, and subsequent genocide and exploitation and oppression of racialized groups. I then go on to look at immigration, briefly examining the contradictions inherent in capitalism's need for cheap flexible labour and its need to exclude the Other for ideological reasons. Next, I address the issue of segregation in Higher Education, both historically and in the present. I conclude with a brief look at 2004's most segregated US city. Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 29 No. 1 January 2006 pp. 173 /185


The majority of the plant body is derived from the activities of groups of specialized cells, known as apical meristems, at the growing tips. In a typical flowering plant, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to the bulk of the above-ground portion of the plant, whereas root meristems give rise to the bulk of the subterranean plant body. Of course, not all plants are typical, and numerous exceptions to these broad generalizations are found in nature. For example, aerial roots are a common feature, and rhizomes or other subterranean shoot systems have SAMs that remain beneath the soil. Whether or not a plant is typical, the apical meristems of the plant represent the site at which organs are initiated and the pattern of the shoot and root system is established. In this review, we focus on meristem formation in the vegetative shoots of flowering plants. Although the term "meristem" can be used in a broad sense to refer to any actively growing portion of the plant, we limit our discussion to those portions of the plant that generate new lateral organs. Shoot and root meristems behave in different ways. The root apical meristem gives rise to the root and root cap but otherwise forms no lateral structures (lateral roots arise endogenously at a distance from the root apex; see Schiefelbein et al., 1997, in this issue). The SAM, by contrast, may adopt one of a variety of different developmental fates. A SAM may become determinate, forming a terminal flower, tendril, or thorn, or it may display an indeterminate pattern of growth, continuously producing vegetative leaves and branches. The types of lateral organs initiated by the SAM vary tremendously as well; modified leaves such as bud scales, leaf tendrils, floral bracts, and petals may all be produced. Moreover, the fate of a SAM may change during development, as, for example, when an indeterminate vegetative SAM becomes an inflorescence meristem or a determinate floral meristem. Different types of vegetative shoot meristems may be distinguished based on their position in the plant and on the developmental context in which they form (Figure 1). The SAM forms during embryogenesis and can be found dista1 to the


The use of telemedicine in the ambulance for more precise and rapid prehospital/emergency medical service (EMS) care of patients with acute stroke dates back to 1988 by the University of Maryland TeleBAT (telemedicine for the Brain Attack Team) system.1 The TeleBAT Team, which used this approach to determine the patient's NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, prophetically described a novel approach that could shorten the time to treatment because emergency medical technicians can transmit their videotaped assessment to the emergency room, providing emergency medicine physicians and neurologists with earlier viewing of the stroke patient's condition. Sending visual and audio data of the patient's neurologic status, vital signs, and laboratory data, many components of the clinical pathway (except head CT scanning—which can now be achieved with the mobile stroke units2,3) that lead to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy, can be accomplished in the prehospital setting. Protocols can also be downloaded from the internet and used in the emergency room and ambulance. This integrated approach may lead to highly accurate clinical judgments once reliability and validity issues are addressed.3 This past decade has seen tremendous technological progress in advancing prehospital stroke care, including the successful completion of randomized clinical trials of prehospital administration of IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator after in-field head CT scanning.4,5


A number of heterocyclic compounds have been synthesised, including diphenylene oxide, diphenylene sulphide, diphenylene selenide and diphenylene diselenide (selenanthren).

Treatment of o-phenylphenol with 70% sulphuric acid affords not diphenylene but the sultone of 2-hydroxydiphenyl-2′-sulphonic acid, formed by elimination of water from the hydroxyacid.


Aichi Medical University has developed a unique new lecture course to teach informatics, the science of collecting, managing, and using information. Library personnel began taking a more active role in teaching the science of information retrieval three years ago. For the first two years, they gave lectures about search skills. However, in order to give students practical experience in using search skills, library personnel and a faculty member created a new course in 2002 that emphasizes a Problem-Based Learning.Students work in groups, and each group selects a medically-related topic to study. After studying the chosen-topic, students prepare a Powerpoint presentation. Their study must satisfy each of about 20 guidelines that have been set out by the supervising instructor. The ability to use computer and library resources is essential. In addition, students are taught to use good judgment in choosing the most relevant information from among the large amount available and to appreciate the value of EBM.


This paper presents various Data Hiding techniques of video in compressed domain. Data is embedded into digital media for the purpose of identification, annotation, copy right and tampering detection. The identification purpose mainly falls into the area of cloud computing- making sure that the sender is the one intended; annotation refers to the property of tagging or giving captions to the video; copyright protection, which is used to prevent the recreation of the video; tampering detection is the method in which the receiver checks whether the video is tampered or disturbed during the transmission by a third party. Several factors affect the data hiding process-the quantity of data to be hidden, whether the embedding technique can handle large payloads without affecting the quality of the video, embedding in a lossy compression environment and the extent to which the data hidden is subject to modification or removal by a third party. This paper discusses the various data hiding techniques of video in the compressed environment and compares the techniques based on the quantities mentioned above. Furthermore they are analyzed in terms of their method, robustness and capacity. A comparison graph is plotted based on the efficiency analysis of the data hiding techniques and conclusions are drawn based on the analysis.


Abstract The period of adolescence includes biological, psychological and social maturation. All these processes complement and affect each other. The ultimate goal is the transition from childhood to adulthood which enables individuals to become socialized beings, who are psychologically mature and able to pass on their genetic inheritance. In the process of reaching full maturity, adolescents are exposed to both positive and negative stimuli the socio-cultural environment. In the process of socialization, the influence of peers, and the maturing into social roles is important. At the same time, adolescents mature biologically. A holistic understanding of the sequence of changes that occur during adolescence foregrounds the significance of biology in informing emotions and cognition. Research conducted on adolescents from Wrocław, Poland, showed the impact that physical development plays on social development within a school peer group. Adolescents with a slower pace of maturity, lower BMI, and lower body height achieved the lowest social status in the group's hierarchy. These adolescents also became victims of peer rejection. The role of scapegoat assigned to them highlighted and completed the symptomatic rejection process, which highlighted negative social group behaviours. In contrast, their peers from the same classes, with higher biological parameters, became leaders in the school's social groups. Furthermore, sociometric 'stars', leaders and gray eminences, compared to scapegoats, achieved maturity faster, and had greater body height and higher BMI among all age groups.


A multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has shown that cryotherapy is a beneficial treatment for threshold ROP. 1 It reduces unfavorable structural and functional outcomes for eyes with ROP. Several anterior segment complications of cryotherapy, such as conjunctival or subconjunctival hematoma, unintended conjunctival laceration, and transient corneal clouding, 2,3 have been reported. However, these are all temporary and do not usually disturb visual development. We report a case of bilateral circumferential massive proliferation of conjunctival tissue affecting visual development in a patient after cryotherapy for ROP. We believe this complication of cryotherapy for ROP has not been previously reported. Report of a Case. A 3-year-old boy visited our hospital for examination of proliferation of conjunctival tissue in both eyes. He was born at a different facility at 25 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of 750 g. During ophthalmologic examination shortly after birth, no ocular surface


Production cost,timely meeting customer demand,and repetitive packaging design problems in packaging printing industry were analyzed.The design method with online stereo output and cost control analysis was studied by means of ArtiosCAD plug-ins for Adobe Illustrator plug-ins and intelligent stripping module design.The method solves the bottleneck of enterprise development and embodies the concept of modern management.


By digital simulation and experiments on actual power unit,problems occurring in primary and secondary frequency modulation processes for DEH system are studied.With overspeed control hardware,frequency modulation and power adjustment were completed for the unit under heavy load rejection and island power grid operation conditions.This proves the control method to be effective in putting large power grids return to normal operation as well as solving the "black start-up" problem.


The prime concern in Software quality is Reliability. There are many approaches to calculate reliability. Here we are calculating reliability by using Mean Time to Failure (MTTF). In this paper we show that reliability graph is non linear curve. The selection of test cases are made randomly. The 12 week data is used to calculate MTTF.


This paper puts forward an idea of the temperature control of injection molding machine.According to the application of fuzzy thought,an algorithm which could be application easily in SCM is given.The real examination results are given in the end.


Despite global commitment and prevention through well-known interventions progress has been slow towards Millennium Development Goal 5 of reducing global maternal mortality. The United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council has highlighted maternal mortality as an issue bearing not just on development but also on human rights. In August 2011 the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women became the first UN human rights body to issue a decision on maternal mortality. The case Alyne da Silva Pimentel v. Brazil established that States have a human rights obligation to guarantee women of all racial and economic backgrounds timely and non-discriminatory access to appropriate maternal health services. After the death of this Brazilian woman who died from pregnancy-related causes after a misdiagnosis and delay in provision of emergency obstetric care the Convention of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) argued that there was no effort to establish professional responsibility and that she was unable to obtain justice in Brazil. The Committee found violations of the right to access health care and effective judicial protection in the context of non-discrimination; cases like this furnish opportunities for international and domestic accountability. The Committee made several general recommendations intended to reduce preventable maternal deaths which include ensuring women's rights to safe motherhood and emergency obstetric care providing professional training for health workers and implementing Brazil's national Pact for the Reduction of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality.


Finally, we would like to call attention to the relative quantity of information coefficient, Iij, in equation 18 of Kijko and Sellevoll (1989), which quantifies the amount of information provided by each one of the subcatalogs analyzed. The concept is very interesting and the coefficients are very useful. We believe that finding the value of these coefficients for our particular estimators would be an improvement, which we will pursue in a future note.


of the agreement and decided that it did not in itself affect competition and therefore was not null and void. The arbitration tribunal therefore decided that it had jurisdiction. The tribunal thus considered the question of the validity of the agreement under Article 85 (1) in order to decide whether it had jurisdiction. This clearly raises a difficult question of principle which will have to be decided eventually by the Court of Justice. DENNIS THOMPSON.


A phase-Hamiltonian approach to the mesoscopic quantum dynamics of tunnel junctions is proposed. This Hamiltonian, which contains charging and Josephson effects in addition to quasiparticle-induced dissipation, is nonlocal in the phase and gives rise to a nonlinear integro-differential Schrodinger equation reminiscent of the Hartree equation. This equation, which is valid into the strong-coupling limit, can be solved exactly in the case of normal tunnel junctions. Previous attempts to give a Schrodinger-equation treatment of these three processes were obtained in a slowly varying expansion in time derivatives of phase in which all terms higher than a certain order were dropped


Abstract Generally, ocean waves are thought to act as a drag on the surface wind so that momentum is transferred downward, from the atmosphere into the waves. Recent observations have suggested that when long wavelength waves—which are characteristic of remotely generated swell—propagate faster than the surface wind, momentum can also be transferred upward. This upward momentum transfer acts to accelerate the near-surface wind, resulting in a low-level wave-driven wind jet. Previous studies have suggested that the sign reversal of the momentum flux is well predicted by the inverse wave age, the ratio of the surface wind speed to the speed of the waves at the peak of the spectrum. Data from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) have been used here to calculate the global distribution of the inverse wave age to determine whether there are regions of the ocean that are usually in the wind-driven wave regime and others that are generally in the wave-driven wind regime. The wind-driven wave regime is found to o...


This article comprehensively and systematically expounded the pulp conveyor peak dispersion of motor drive reciprocating pump. Under the premise of analysis on a single of reciprocating pump flow and pressure fluctuation, the authors discussed the reasons for the superimposed pulp peak and the two conditions to eliminate peak superposition on the multiple transmission lines to the same pump, and identified the best phase angle value. Aimed at the existing multi-carrier system for the coordination of motor pumps, the authors used synchronous control strategy of related axis. The synchronization control algorithm was proposed based on coupling compensation and then the pulp peak was dispersed.


A new finite variable difference method (FVDM) on finite differencing is presented. The essence of this method consists in determining the optimum spatial difference such that the total variance of the solution is a minimum under the condition that characteristic roots of the resulting difference equation are always nonnegative to ensure the numerical stability. The present FVDM is applied to the locally exact numerical scheme (LENS). The optimum spatial difference of the LENS is derived in terms of local mesh Reynolds numbers. By using this optimum spatial difference the numerical accuracy of the LENS for the linear convection?diffusion equations is increased without numerical oscillations for all mesh Reynolds numbers. The present study suggests that an optimum spatial difference from the viewpoint of numerical stability and accuracy exists according to the numerical schemes.


The literary corpus that Venkatesh situates within particular social, political and economic processes of globalization and neoliberalism is ambitious, impressive, and laboriously researched. The theoretical framework is equally impressive in scope and is a valuable contribution to the field of Latin American literary studies generally and masculinity studies more specifically. However, due to the number of novels studied throughout the book and the array of theorems, postulates, and analysis employed, the focus is somewhat unbalanced.


Thailand Efforts on Preventing Drugs Trafficking Towards Drug - Free ASEAN 2015. The research aimed to determine the efforts that have been made by Thailand in tackling the problem of drugs trafficking. The theory is used to study this problem is the Global Epidemic Model (GEM). The hypothesis of this study is suspected because of the impetus towards a Drug- Free ASEAN 2015. The research using qualitative methods and library research. The research data was obtained from books, journals, working papers, articles, official documents, and websites. Based on the data obtained from these sources, researchers can obtain the result of the efforts of Thailand. The Joint Declaration for A Drug - Free ASEAN 2015 made Thailand seeks to combating drug trafficking, drug cultivation and drug networks that deploy domestically and internationally, by continuously launching the war on drugs, making strategies in controlling drug trafficking, strengthen laws governing drug, assist treatment and rehabilitation and sustainable alternative development based on cooperation with countries that have similar problems related to drug problems in the world.Keyword: Drugs Trafficking, Drug-Free ASEAN 2015, Global Epidemic Model.


The objective of the study was undertaken to investigate the antiepileptic activity of methanolic extract of Brassica nigra seeds on Maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES), Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ), Picrotoxin (PIC) induced seizures and Biccuculine induced seizures in mice. It was found that the extract (200 & 400 mg/kg, p.o), significantly prolonged the onset of tonic seizures and reduced the duration of incidence of seizures in PTZ, PIC and Biccuculine induced seizure models where as in MES model, the extract showed significant effect in abolishing tonic hind limb extensions by inhibiting voltage dependant Na+ channels or by blocking glutaminergic excitation mediated by the N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.


The orbital electron and proton flux calculations were performed for determining the applicability of COS/MOS ciruits for the ANS computer and X-ray experiment logic. The results for electrons, protons, and the total lifetime the satellite spends in flux-free regions are presented in tables and graphs.


Left truncation is used for the combination of p-values from log-rank tests. It was described in several manuscripts including but not limited to Bauer & Kohne (1994), Jahn-Eimermacher & Ingel (2009), and Wassmer & Brannath (2016). For a two-stage design, the trial population can be divided in three groups. The first group consists of patients recruited during the first stage and having their event during the first stage. This group contributes only to the first stage data. The second group consists of patients recruited during the second stage and having their event during the second stage or censored at the end of the second stage. This group contributes only to the second stage data. The third group consists of patients recruited during the first stage and having their event after the start of the second stage provide information for both stages. For the third group of patients, the first stage information is the survival time right censored at the end of the first stage, the second stage information is the time from the start of the second stage to the event or the end of the second stage according to whether the event occurred during the second stage or not. For the second stage, patients of the third group are considered at risk only during the second stage.


Bacteriophage TI dried in a vacuum was irradiated with synchrotron orbital radiation (SOR) having a broad spectrum above 115 nm. For comparison, the phage was also irradiated with monochromatic 122 nm and 254 nm light in a dry state. When the phage was irradiated with SOR in a vacuum (above 115 nm), the fraction of host cell reactivation was larger than that irradiated with monochromatic 122 nm light but smaller than that irradiated with SOR under atmospheric conditions (light with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm being cut) or with 254 nm light. Photoreactivation of the phage irradiated with SOR was negligible. For the phage irradiated with 122 nm, no photoreactivation was observed. It may be concluded that the major photoproduct produced in dried phages by vacuum-uv light is different from the pyrimidine dimers of cyclobutane type which has been known to occur in phages irradiated with 254 nm light in a wet state.


Recent reports of cloned sheep in Scotland have raised questions concerning the proposed and future uses of cloning technology. From the media and its inclination toward headline news, to op-ed reflections by local medical and academic professionals, to backyard musings between neighbors, thoughts of the possibility of human clones express excited tension. The tension between the public's awareness of scientific reality and science fiction is blurred for the moment by news of successful cloning. Relief of this tension requires a scientifically accurate and ethically sensitive response to those who cannot keep current of the fast pace of tecluiological developments in biomedical researcli --WlhIe the prospect ef-elening ourselves or superheroes or villains remains fantastic (and either fun or frightening to speculate), here I focus on questions that directly concern those future possibilities at a level that addresses the stages that lead to that future. Many sectors of society are rightly concerned over the possibilities that cloning presents. The evening television news and the morning papers reported the breakthrough, recognizing an issue of ethics that had not been considered previously by the media, as had physician-assisted suicide or abortion. However, neither professional


Based on the analysis of situation and problems about supporting staff of scientific research in CAU,this paper puts forward some suggestions about paying much attention to supporting staff,perfecting talent construction program and building scientific evaluation system,etc.


We have considered some special cases the interaction of optical radiation and photorefractive crystals. We gave special attention to the impact of the characteristics of optical radiation, the intensity, frequency and polarization of the wavefront onto the features of the large-scale and small-scale optical defects forming due to the photorefractive effect in crystals. We registered forming of the small-scale optical defects via observing of the photoinduced light scattering in photorefractive lithium niobate crystals. And we registered forming of the large-scale optical defects in lithium niobate crystals by the polarizers system. Lithium niobate crystals have significant electro-optical and photorefractive properties. They are convenient model for studying how the light waves propagate through the photorefractive crystals. The article discusses the results of the experiments.


Multifunctional enzymes have alternative functions or activities, known as "moonlighting" or "promiscuous", which are often hidden behind a native enzyme activity and therefore only visible under special environmental conditions. In this thesis, the active-site of Pseudozyma (formerly Candida) antarctica lipase B was explored for a promiscuous conjugate addition activity. Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B is a lipase industrially used for hydrolysis or transacylation reactions. This enzyme contains a catalytic triad, Ser105-His224-Asp187, where a nucleophilic attack from Ser105 on carboxylic acid/ester substrates cause the formation of an acyl enzyme. For conjugate addition activity in Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B, replacement of Ser105 was assumed necessary to prevent competing hemiacetal formation. However, experiments revealed conjugate addition activity in both wild-type enzyme and the Ser105Ala variant. Enzyme-catalyzed conjugate additions were performed by adding sec-amine, thiols or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in both water or organic solvent. The reactions followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the native ping pong bi bi reaction mechanism of Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B for hydrolysis/transacylation was rerouted to a novel ordered bi uni reaction mechanism for conjugate addition (Paper I, II, III). The lipase hydrolysis activity was suppressed more than 1000 times by the replacement of the nucleophilic Ser105 to Ala (Paper III).


We analyze the physical properties of the poststarburst active galactic nucleus (AGN) SDSS J085338.27+033246.1 according to its optical spectrum and discuss its implications on AGNs' evolution. The spectra principal component analysis (PCA) method is developed to extract emission lines and absorption features from the total light spectrum. The emission-line analysis indicates that the object can be classified as a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy with Fe /HβB = 2.4 ± 0.2, large Eddington ratio (~0.34), small black hole mass (~1.1 × 107 M☉), and intermediately strong radio emission. A simple single stellar population model indicates that the absorption features are rather well reproduced by a ~100 Myr old starburst with a mass of ~7 × 109 M☉. However, the current star formation rate, ~3.0 M☉ yr-1, inferred from the [O II] emission is much smaller than the past average star formation rate, ~70 M☉ yr-1. The line ratio diagnosis using Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT) diagrams indicates that the narrow emission lines are almost entirely emitted from H II regions. We further discuss a possible evolutionary path that links AGN and starburst phenomena.


Dehasen University (Unived) Bengkulu is one of the private universities that is committed to improving service quality standards and continuously strives to improve and dissect in meeting the expectations of its customers, namely students. Good service quality is a guarantee desired by every student in conducting lectures. Then it is necessary to build a decision support system with the application of Bayes calculations in evaluating University services to students, because qualified services will get the attention of the public. The results of this measurement can be used by university leaders to improve and improve services in fulfilling student rights so that the quality of unived education will be better and improved


The invention discloses a control method and a control system for the dynamic soft reduction of a continuous casting machine, and the continuous casting machine. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining a target roll gap value of a rack by converting and calculating dynamic soft reduction parameters of the continuous casting machine; judging whether the difference value between the target roll gap value and an actual roll gap value of the rack exceeds a predetermined threshold; when the difference value is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold, adjusting the position of a hold down roll of the rack by a clamping hydraulic cylinder of the rack; otherwise, maintaining the original position of the hold down roll of the rack; acquiring a deformation deviation value of the rack according to the difference value between pressure values before and after the hold down roll acts; and acquiring a corrected target roll gap value according to the deformation deviation value of the rack, and making the rack execute the actions of depressing or uplifting according to the corrected target roll gap value. The method can ensure that the dynamic soft reduction controls the roll gap value of the rack accurately, and stably brings the soft reduction into play under different processes and different working conditions.


COLUMBIA DISASTERU.S. and Russian officials are thinking about sending up two rather than three astronauts when a Soyuz capsule--the only link now to the international space station--arrives in May to relieve the current three-person crew. The smaller crew could restrict opportunities for research while buying time for NASA to find out what caused the Columbia disaster.


The structure introduced by Armington (1969) has been used to analyze trade policy in partial and general equilibrium models. The Armington elasticities, the degree of substitution between domestic and import goods are known to be important, but are seldom estimated empirically. Therefore, we estimate them for 28 industrial sectors, based on the Brazilian Input-Output table over the period 1986-2000. Initially we discuss the construction of the data set and the treatment that was given to the relative prices, for taking into account the trade liberalization initiated in 1990. According to the dynamic properties of the data we estimate four different econometric models. 25 out of the 28 sectors had positive and significant Armington estimates that were significant at the ten-percent level. They range between 0,16 e 4,95, which reflects the different degree of substitutability between domestic and import goods in the Brazilian industry.


IN conjunction with colleagues and students, the senior author has spent much time during the last several years opening up an essentially new area of research which is referred to as the study of semantic habits. Nunnally and Flaugher report the theory and methodology of the research (1963b) and some empirical correlates of semantic habits (1963a). The purpose of this article is to describe in some detail the construction of instruments to measure semantic habits and the psychometric properties of the instruments. Our research concerns individual differences in the ways in which people form semantic relations. By "semantic relations" we mean the use of words to denote, define, describe, and depict personal reactions to "things" in the human and material environment. For example, in each of the following phases, the italicized word is set in a semantic relation with an object: (a) "What a hot day!" (b) "She is a coed." (c) "Green snakes are not poisonous." and (d) "Hand me the sharpknife." Many utterances do not explicitly contain semantic relations: (a) "I am going to lunch." (b) "What time is it?" and (c) "Let's quit for now." Our hunch was that there are important individual differences in the ways in which people typically form semantic relations, which we call semantic habits. For example, we thought that there might be individual differences in the tendency to form semantic relations with pleasant words such as good, pretty, and sweet. A number of other modes of semantic habits occurred to us. In our research we have (a) defined a number of modes of semantic response, (b) developed methods for measuring individual differences in the tend-


This study was aimed to check alterations in lipid profile after burn injury. This study clearly showed the importance of measuring serum cholesterol, TG, LDL and HDL in burn patients and targeting changes that occur in their levels along burn course, which may have beneficial effect in protecting organ damage, increasing survival rates and improving burn outcome.
This study was carried out on 25 patients with various degrees of burn. Lipid profile was done at 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after burns. Results showed decrease in serum cholesterol, serum LDL and serum HDL, while increase in serum triglyceride level in burned patients compared to normal subjects.


Hollow calcium carbonate(CaCO3) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate(Tween20) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals.The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated.The results suggested that the"core-shell model"of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates,which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres.The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.