This study aims to assess navigation safety by enhancing maritime management based on balanced scorecard (BSC). Although the International Safety Management Regulations and the Ship Safety Management System have safety related definitions and provide standard safety regulations, but lack effective management processes. This study used path analysis and regression analysis to analyze the safety outcomes relationship among organization safety culture, work condition, and framework condition sectors. In this study, 173 valid sample questionnaires were collected to answer the influence of organizational culture, working environment, service process, and framework conditions on ship navigation safety. The suggestions mentioned expect to establish a maritime management-based BSC that could pave the way for the application of maritime safety around the organization culture.

 Safety management is an important part of organization management process. The purpose of safety management is to prevent accidents, so organizations need to develop, plan, implement, and track risks related to personal, environmental, or property safety in order to minimize risks. The rapid development of China's economy has promoted the increase of economic, trade, and ship navigation between Taiwan and Chinese mainland, and the number of ships in Taiwan and other countries has also increased. Maritime transportation plays a significant role in the integrated transportation system, especially in international trade system. Safety is a crucial factor due to the fact that various accidents like ship collisions and groundings often result in great economic loss, fatalities, and the environmental contamination. This information shows that Taiwan plays a key maritime role in Asia and the world. Previously, several frameworks for assessing the effects of organizational aspects on risk or safety have been published within different domains (Embrey 1992; Pate-Cornell & Murphy 1996; Oien 2001; Roelen et al. 2003; Mohaghegh et al. 2009) and in the maritime transportation field (Trucco et al. 2008). However, these have not addressed the navigation safety process management through systematic concepts and empirical study, they only emphasized the reducing risk on the maritime safety.


Blowing and drifting snow disaster has caused great inconvenience to road traffic. It is necessary to take measures to slow down and avoid the climate disaster.The reasons of road hazard in blowing and drifting snow climate were discovered.This paper described the general formation mechanism of the blowing and drifting snow,considered the seasons that caused the snow damage for different embankment cross section types, and proposed different cross-sectional design of anti-snow embankment. It also analyzed a section of Boketu to Yakeshi freeway in Inner Mongolia for case, and proposed its embankment cross section design.


Art works have been created not only for aesthetic education, but also for educational and upbringing purposes. Such information is perfectly reflected in the subject called the history of art. The author acknowledges that a large number of people cannot distinguish colors. This negatively affects the proper and complete perception of visual art. The article deals with the problems of fine arts in children's development and strengthening the mind. This study mainly examines the extent to which it influences the development of students' creative activity, not the art itself.


We identified the mediating role of interpersonal issues in the relationship between adult attachment type and emotional expression ambivalence. The subjects of the study were 327 emotional workers who lived in five cities. As the scale, ECR-R, AEQ-K, and IIP were used. Sobel verification was performed after multiple regression analysis. The results show that the interpersonal problem partially mediates between the attachment and emotional expression ambivalence. This suggests that the characteristics of interpersonal relationships affect emotional emotions in forming close attachment relationships of emotional workers. Subsequent research will expand the scope of research by supplementing the shortcomings of existing research.


This article outlines how gaming and video gameplay among Danish youth can be integral parts of everyday practices. The article is based on a mixed-methods study of video gameplay patterns among Danish children and young people aged 10–18 years. The study included a survey with a stratified random sample (N = 1560), follow-up in-depth interviews using purposive sampling from the survey respondents (N = 19) and focus group interviews with boys and girls (N = 2). We argue that pronounced differences in boys' and girls' gameplay patterns and preferences can be explained by the different ways in which gameplay is embedded into the social patterns of everyday life with family and friends. We identify two predominant gaming practices, one organised around competitive social play in teams and another around non-competitive solo play. These findings are discussed in the context of practice theory and existing work on gender and video games.


This work presents a parametric dynamic model of a helicopter collective control inceptor that includes the biodynamics of the pilot. The biodynamic feedthrough and neuromuscular admittance of a helicopter pilot are characterized using a detailed multibody analysis of the pilot's left arm holding the inceptor as a 'virtual experiment' to produce the results required to identify the parameters of the coupled system. The goal is to develop an analytical model of the dynamics of the coupled pilot-device system and gain insight into the effect of several design parameters on the characteristics of the coupled system. The effect of device inertia, damping, stiffness and friction on the stability margins of the coupled system with respect to the collective bounce instability phenomenon are analyzed and discussed. The analytical model is verified using it in place of the detailed multibody model of the pilot's arm in the fully detailed multibody simulation of the coupled system. It is then used in linearized analysis of the complete system in support of the vehicle design.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Recent SVD-free matrix factorization formulations have enabled rank minimization for systems with millions of rows and columns, paving the way for matrix completion in extremely large-scale applications, such as seismic data interpolation.
In this paper, we consider matrix completion formulations designed to hit a target data-fitting error level provided by the user, and propose an algorithm called LR-BPDN that is able to exploit factorized formulations to solve the corresponding optimization problem. Since practitioners typically have strong prior knowledge about target error level, this innovation makes it easy to apply the algorithm in practice, leaving only the factor rank to be determined.
Within the established framework, we propose two extensions that are highly relevant to solving practical challenges of data interpolation. First, we propose a weighted extension that allows known subspace information to improve the results of matrix completion formulations. We show how this weighting can be used in the context of frequency continuation, an essential aspect to seismic data interpolation. Second, we propose matrix completion formulations that are robust to large measurement errors in the available data.
We illustrate the advantages of LR-BPDN on the collaborative filtering problem using the MovieLens 1M, 10M, and Netflix 100M datasets. Then, we use the new method, along with its robust and subspace re-weighted extensions, to obtain high-quality reconstructions for large scale seismic interpolation problems with real data, even in the presence of data contamination.


We investigate the in uence of Indian Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on the local economy. Using nighttime lights data and rmand worker-level survey data, we nd that SEZs boost local economic activity. Moreover, analyzing the impact over a range of distances around the SEZs, we show that the local e ects are not due to zero-sum relocations but represent net gains up to the level of a district. Comparing districts with operating SEZs and those with approved SEZs pending operation, our work also reveals an important structural transformation: While rms in the formal sector gain in size and productivity, SEZs instigate a shift in economic activity from the informal sector to the formal sector. This economic formalization is an integral part of the development process. However, we nd that only workers at the higher end of the income and education distributions gain from this development, thus raising a concern about its inclusiveness. ∗We thank Samuel Bazzi, Johannes Schmieder, Kehinde Ajayi and Dilip Mookherjee for their invaluable input, guidance and encouragement. We also thank Daniele Paserman, Martin Fiszbein, Aradhna Aggarwal, Michael Gechter, Amrit Amirapu, Nathaniel Young, Jonathan Hersh, Siyi Luo and conference and seminar participants at BU, Copenhagen Business School, University of Bordeaux and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade for many useful comments. Representatives in the central government of India provided crucial assistance in data provision and veri cation. We gratefully acknowledge nancial support from the Institute for Economic Development at Boston University. Taeyeon Kim and Wenran Fan provided excellent research assistance, supported by the BU MA-RA mentor program. †PhD Candidate, Boston University, email@example.com ‡PhD Candidate, Boston University, email@example.com


This study was to investigate the effects of rice straw incorporation by cutting height on paddy soil fertility. The average residual amount of rice straw by cutting height were showed 1,420 kg ha -1 , 1,850 kg ha -1 , and 2,400 kg ha -1 for depths of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. For soil physical properties, soil hardness and bulk density were decreased while porosity was increased by rice straw incorporation. But soil organic matter (SOM), available silicate content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly decreased when rice straw was removed from the field. These results indicated that the SOM as residual amount of rice straw was influenced by level of cutting height. Milled rice yield was increased by 28% and 32% for cutting heights of 15 cm and 20 cm, compared with that of control, respectively. The number of spikelets per square meter and the percentage of ripeness were increased with increasing incorporation by lower level of cutting height of rice straw. Therefore, incorporation of rice straw practices under cutting method influenced soil improvement and rice yield in paddy field.


Polystyrene (PS) had wide range of applications in food packaging field. Mechanical recycling of PS was simulated by multiple extrusions to assess the behavior of physical degradation. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of PS with different extrusion cycles were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experimental results show that the differential and cumulative distribution curves of PS shift to smaller values with the number of extrusions cycled increasing. The Mn and Mw of PS decrease. However, Polydispersity index (PDI) increases obviously.


The slant range errors caused by traditional hyperbolic range equation (THRE) with stop-and-go assumption will lead to image defocusing in high resolution spaceborne sliding-spotlight Bistatic SAR system (ST-BiSAR). In this paper, an accurate bistatic slant range model based on uniform acceleration curve motion (UARM) is proposed, which is precisely fitted with the actual range history. Then, a two-step imaging algorithm based on UARM and method of reversion series (MSR) is introduced to eliminate aliasing phenomenon and realize focus. Finally, simulation results verify the correctness and effectives of the proposed range model and imaging algorithms.


A nanostructure which induces localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be utilized in visible light and near infrared (NIR) regions and it shows promising features as a bio-detector because LSPR state is changed easily by different bio-related materials. Owing to transparent property of many biomolecules as well as diluted states in base solutions, it is hard to distinguish each other by eye or microscope analysis. However, difference in molecular structure and composition makes difference in optical characteristics such as a refractive index or a dielectric constant. Therefore, our LSPR-based nanohole array structure which has high sensitivity to detect small changes in optical characteristics can be a great candidate for a bio detector. Here, we fabricated structural color filters (SCFs) to detect wavelength shifts for several biomolecules and optimized the nanohole array structures for high sensitivity. Periodic nanohole arrays were designed to present resonance peaks in visible light region for optical analysis and fabricated in Au or Al thin film layer. The spectral shifts were detected caused by biomolecules.


We study the state-dependent multiple access channel (MAC) with causal side information at the encoders. We consider two general models. In the first model, the state sequence is available at the two encoders in a strictly causal manner. We derive an achievable region, which is tight for the special case of a Gaussian MAC where the state sequence comprises the channel noise. Although the two senders do not have access to each other's massage and no feedback is present, the capacity for this case coincides with the capacity of the same MAC without side information, but with full cooperation between the users. A Schalkwijk-Kailath type algorithm is developed, which achieves this capacity with a double exponential decay of the maximal probability of error. In the second model we consider, the state sequence is available, as in Shannon's model, to the two encoders in a causal manner. A simple extension of the previous result, with the inclusion of Shannon strategies, yields an achievability result for this problem.


Financial literacy has become a topical issue in recent years. This paper seeks to summarize the growing efforts of financial literacy field in Zimbabwe, with special reference to banks. Financial literacy should be a concern to the government especially the Central Bank, Commercial Banks, other financial institutions and even to the common trader in the country. The paper is a policy prescription with implications for the policy makers in identifying the increased financial awareness need and thereby developing suitable financial literacy programs. The study used an electronic survey approach through Monkey Survey to determine the extent to which banks are promoting financial literacy in the country. 104 responses have been obtained for an 8 day platform on social networks; facebook, whatsapp, LinkedIn and email. Through its findings the study found that there is little effort exerted by banks to attract funds in remote areas, the information about financial products is not clear to the users for their independent decision, banks are never competing for the unbanked sector. The study suggested various ways that banks and government can undertake to improve literacy and hence economic development in the economy.


A systematic review published in 2013 reported 32% of children on the autism spectrum experience skill loss, known as autistic regression. However, the frequency varied depending on definition and measures used to capture skills. Retrospective parent report and prospective observation indicate loss of language and/or social skills, with motor skills typically unaffected. Our aim was to update the prevalence and age of onset of autistic regression through a meta‐analysis of the literature to understand if there have been changes to the reported onset and prevalence since 2010. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases and included studies published from 2010 onward. Risk of bias assessment was performed on included studies. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and age of onset of autistic regression. Ninety‐seven studies were included in the systematic review, of which 75 studies involving 33,014 participants had sufficient data for meta‐analytic syntheses. The pooled proportion of autistic regression was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27–32%) but heterogeneity was high (I2 = 96.91) and did not reduce with sensitivity or subgroup analyses based on study design or clinical differences, respectively. Prevalence varied according to risk of bias (low: 27%) and definition of regression (language: 20%, language/social: 40%, mixed: 30%, and unspecified: 27%). Weighted average age of onset was 19.8 months. Findings from this meta‐analysis highlight the importance of developing a standardized definition of autistic regression, and tools to measure this at multiple time points during early childhood development.


A gate insulating film (13) is formed on a substrate (1) so as to cover a gate electrode (11), and an amorphous silicon film (a semiconductor thin film) (15) is formed. A light absorbing layer (19) is formed on the upper part of the amorphous silicon film (15) through a buffer layer (17). An energy radiation (Lh) is applied to the light absorbing layer (19) from a continuous wave oscillation laser such as a semiconductor laser. According to the above constitution, while oxidizing only the surface side of the light absorbing layer (19), the amorphous silicon film (15) is crystallized by heat produced by thermal conversion of an energy radiation (Lh) in the light absorbing layer (19) and heat produced by the oxidation reaction to form a microcrystalline silicon film (15a). According to the above constitution, a method for crystallizing a thin film, which can realize a simpler procedure and a lower cost while enjoying good controllability, can be provided.


This study examines how CEO equity incentives affect the remediation of material weaknesses (MWs) in internal control disclosed pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). We find that the sensitivity of CEO equity portfolios to stock price (CEO price sensitivity, or delta) has a positive impact on firm promptness in remedying MWs, whereas the sensitivity of CEO equity portfolios to stock return volatility (CEO volatility sensitivity, or vega) has a negative impact on firm promptness in remedying MWs. In addition, we provide evidence that effective boards of directors mitigate the undesirable, negative effect of CEO volatility sensitivity on remediation of MWs. Our results shed light on the effects of equity compensation structures on internal control quality in the more transparent, post-SOX environment.


RESPECT THE INVENTION A FRAME TO FIX THE CASE 14 A LIGHT OUTDOOR ON A MAT. THIS FRAME INCLUDES A BODY TUBE BATCH 32, 34, 36 POLES CONSISTS OF ABOUT KISSING 180 THE pERIPHERY OF MAT aLTERNATELY ABOVE AND BELOW THE SPACE BETWEEN TWO POLES OF SAME SIDE 32, 34 APPROPRIATE TO BOW 36 THE OTHER SIDE, SO THAT THIS CAN BE OBTAINED BY FRAME MOLDING AS AN EXTENSION OF HOUSING.


Abstract The health of the future generations depend upon the health of the mother, especially so during the pre and post delivery period. Indigenous methods and materials have been used since ages to take care of the women during these crucial times. The present study is an attempt to determine the awareness of the rural women regarding the properties of some selected foods in terms of their effectiveness for maternal health care. The data collected from three districts of Punjab (India) during the year 2002-2003 using a structured interview schedule revealed that majority of the respondents had low level of education but they were aware of the properties due to which the foods were used for maternal health care. Many properties of Asafoetida (Ferula asafetida), Blankultthi (Cassia absus), Chunga (Sympolcus cochinchinensis), Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum) and Poppy seeds (Vetiveria zizanioides) were known to more than seventy percent of the women. But the result point towards a scope for dissemination of information regarding the importance of these foods sources as the women were not aware of all the properties of these food sources. A planned strategies should focus on dissemination of knowledge on use of these foods for their sustainability in maternal health care through use of local resources.


Together, the UN Convention on Rights of the Child and the USA's National Association of School Psychologists' (NASP) Principles for Professional Ethics (2010a) serve as aspirational documents that place a child's right to healthy development as the ultimate priority, regardless of the child's circumstances. This article outlines how school psychologists can assess and support progress towards the aspiration that children have equitable access to services that promote healthy development regardless of parental limitations.


Effects of atomic sizes on structural correlations in ${\mathit{AX}}_{2}$-type disordered systems such as ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$Se are studied using a charged-hard-sphere model and the hypernetted-chain scheme. Structural change is elucidated as a function of the size ratio through the first sharp diffraction peak in the number-number structure factor (medium-range correlations), the A-X coordination [formation of A(${\mathit{X}}_{1/2}$${)}_{4}$ tetrahedra], and the principal peak in the charge-charge structure factor (charge ordering). We find a gradual change from ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$-type to ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$Se-type disordered structure in the range of 0.5R1.0, where R (=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{A}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{X}}$) is a ratio of the steric radius of A species to that of X species. As R increases, the medium-range order, which is closely related to the formation of A(${\mathit{X}}_{1/2}$${)}_{4}$ tetrahedra, disappears. In the transition region frustration between the steric and Coulombic interactions depresses the charge ordering.


To detect the effect of artemether,hemin and Fe3+ on rSjLDH,enzyme activity was assayed in the standard reaction system by adding different concentration of veagents(artemether,hemin and Fe3+),and same solvents of the each reagent were used as control.It was found that in the concentration of 0.1mmol/L artemther,no inhibition of enzyme activity on reduction and oxidation reaction was observed,compared with the control(P0.05).At the concentration of 0.02mmol/L hemin,enzymatic activity was inhibited at 93.48% for pyruvate reduction reaction and 100.00% for lactate oxidation reaction,in comparison with that of the control(P0.01).No inhibition was observed when 0.1mmol/L artemether plus 0.004mmol/L hemin.Was at the concentration of 0.5mmol/L Fe3+,both pyruvate reduction and lactate oxidation reaction were inhibited completely(P0.01).The results implied that SjLDH was not the direct molecular target of artemether,the role of hemin in mechanism of artemether should be further studied.


Recent developments in psychiatric research and in practical psychiatry reflect certain contradictions between the globalization of organizational, diagnostic and therapeutic principles of professional activities and inadequate systematization of various and permanently increasing knowledge in neurosciences. The evidence-based medical data obtained with the help of modern technologies and formalized diagnostic instruments and procedures sometimes disagree with the biopsychosocial approach and the clinical traditions of the personality-centered medical practice. Several directions of psychiatric research as well as diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities seem to be on the verge of dangerous dependence from pharmaceutical industry. Besides, a shift towards multidisciplinary work is complicated by redistribution of functions between the team members. These contradictions and problems also have a positive side because they stimulate researchers and practicing psychiatrists to look for new concepts and reestablish contacts between psychiatry and theoretical disciplines, i.e. philosophy, ethics, cultural anthropology, and general and social psychology.


Objective Toinvestigatethepossibilityandquantitativerangeofpepsinogen(PG)usedas the screening marker of gastric cancer by detecting serum pepsinogen level in different gastric mucous pathologic status.Method ThelevelofserumpepsinogenⅠ(PGⅠ)andpepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ)bytimeresolvedfluoro-immunoassay(TRFIA)in 64 chronic atrophic gastritis patients,63 gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia patients, 67 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers were defeeted ,and the ratio of PGR(PGⅠ/PGⅡ)was calculated.Then the three kinds of diseases were graded.The data was analyzed between groups and sub-groups.Result ①Compared with normal control group,the median PGⅠvalues were 1 24.01 ,91 .23 and 71 .23 respectively,which were all lower than that of healthy group (1 52.00).There were significant differ-ences(Z=-2.52,P=0.01 7 0;Z=-3.42,P=0.001 4;Z=-3.57,P=0.000 9).The median PGR values were 7.61 ,5.21 and 4.32 respectively,which were also lower than that of healthy group,the differences were significant(Z=-2.98,P=0.002 9;Z=-3.1 7,P=0.000 2;Z=-2.89,P=0.000 1 ).The PGⅡlevel of these diseases were not significantly different with control group.②The serum PGⅠlevel of gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were reduced significantly in contrast with atrophic gastritis (Z =-3.42,P =0.001 4;Z=-3.62,P=0.000 9);the levels of PGⅡand PGR were varied without significance (P〉0.05 );③The levels of PGⅠamong atrophy gastritis and gastric cancer subgroup have no significant difference(χ2 =2.86,P=0.41 4 3;χ2 =1 .67,P=0.1 36 8).But the level of PGⅠwas significantly different in gastric atypical hyperplasia(χ2 =0.83,P=0.043 0).It decreased in light and medium grade dysplasia and went up in severe grade dysplasia.The levels of PGⅡ and PGR were varied without significance(P〉0.05).④The areas under the ROC curves performed by the PGⅠ and PGR from normal control group and atypical hyperplasia group were 0.782 and 0.831 respectively;The sensitivity and specificity of PGⅠ≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 for gastric dysplasia were 89.48%and 76.31%respectively.Conclusion ①The level of PGⅠand PGR were decreased along with the seriousness of gastric pathological changes and probably regarded as the screening markers of gastric mucous malignant transformation.②Serum pepsinogen level is closely correlated with gastric precancerous lesion,PGI≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 has better specificity and sensitivity for gastric atypical hyperplasia in this area.

Key words:
Pepsinogens; Atrophic; Precancerousconditions; Fluoroimmunoassay


Soil degradation is the major threat to agricultural sustainability because it affects the soil productivity. Present study was conducted in 2008 to evaluate physico-chemical properties and fertility status of some eroded soil series of Sharkul area district Manshera, Hazara division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Six soil series including slightly eroded (Dosera and Girari), moderately eroded (Nakholi and Sharkul) and severely eroded (Ahl and Banser) were selected. Soil samples were collected from surface (0-15 cm), subsurface (30-45 cm) and substrata soil (60-75cm) depths and were analyzed for various soil properties. Due to severity of erosion, bulk density increased, while total porosity, saturation percentage and organic matter decreased significantly. AB-DTPA extractable P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations were decreased due to the severity of erosion in surface and sub surface soils, whereas in the substrata soils (60-75 cm depth), the effect of erosion was almost non significant. Sub-surface and sub-strata soils were found deficient in available P (< 3 mg kg) while available K was in medium range (50-120 mg kg). Seventeen percent surface and 33% subsurface samples were deficient in available K. Organic matter (0.42-1.82%) was deficient only in severely eroded soils while satisfactory in moderately and slightly eroded soils All the soils were non saline (EC < 4 dS m), pH (7.0-8.6) and slightly calcareous (lime content 0.25-5.20%). Zinc, Fe and Mn contents were low in 44, 39 and 28% samples in surface soils, respectively. The extent of nutrient deficiency was in the order of P > Zn > Fe > Mn. The physical and chemical properties of eroded soils varied significantly and the increasing severity of erosion resulted in corresponding deterioration of soil quality.


In environmental toxicity testing, the use of native species is normally recommended as it provides greater environmental realism and insures a more conservative endpoint for protecting ecosystems. Although pesticide products are vastly used in South American agriculture, no test protocols or guidelines exist for testing effects on native or indigenous bird species. Instead, recommended test species and guidelines are essentially the same as those developed for Europe and North America. At the same time, avian pesticide regulatory assessment in South America does not require testing on passerine species, even though Passeriformes are normally more sensitive than other groups of birds and represent approximately 60% of all living species of bird. The aim of this chapter is to propose South American cowbirds as candidate passerine avian models for environmental toxicity testing in South American countries. Three species of cowbirds are widely distributed in South America and can be considered potential avian model for environmental toxicity testing: the shiny cowbird (Molothrus Bonariensis), the screaming cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) and the bay-winged cowbird (Ageloides badius). This chapters briefly reviews and compares avian environmental toxicity testing in South America and the rest of the world, and describes requirements for maintaining cowbirds in captivity and using them in toxicity testing.


Materials with high photo-thermal efficiency are essential in a wide variety of applications from medicine to renewable energy. Photo-thermal materials effectively absorb and convert light into heat. Nanostructures have proven to enhance absorption and heat retention owing to their large surface areas and restricted heat pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the optical absorption and heat conversion in near-infrared can be enhanced by using metallic glass nanowires whose geometry can be readily tailored through thermoplastic molding. Infrared thermography measurements and heat transport simulations reveal that the photoinduced temperature rise can be amplified by increasing the length of nanowires and decreasing the thickness of the supporting substrate. A temperature above 500 °C can be rapidly achieved to induce a controlled phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline state in metallic glass nanowires, while maintaining their geometrical integrity. Photoinduced temperature rise can be used in optical ignition applications as demonstrated by an example of thermite powder.Materials with high photo-thermal efficiency are essential in a wide variety of applications from medicine to renewable energy. Photo-thermal materials effectively absorb and convert light into heat. Nanostructures have proven to enhance absorption and heat retention owing to their large surface areas and restricted heat pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the optical absorption and heat conversion in near-infrared can be enhanced by using metallic glass nanowires whose geometry can be readily tailored through thermoplastic molding. Infrared thermography measurements and heat transport simulations reveal that the photoinduced temperature rise can be amplified by increasing the length of nanowires and decreasing the thickness of the supporting substrate. A temperature above 500 °C can be rapidly achieved to induce a controlled phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline state in metallic glass nanowires, while maintaining their geometrical integrity. Photoinduced temperature rise can be used in opti...


Cotton is the Mother of Poverty: Peasants, Work, and Rural Struggle in Colonial Mozambique, 1938–1961. ALLEN ISAACMAN. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996. xx + 404 pp., ligures, plates, notes, bibliography, indexes.

Cotton, Colonialism, and Social History In Sub-Saharan Africa. ALLEN ISAACMAN and RICHARD ROBERTS, eds. Portsmouth, NH: Helnemann, 1995. xii + 314 pp., maps, tables, notes, contributors, index.


Acknowledgements This work could not have been completed without the help and support from a lot of people I am grateful to. I would like to thank Dr. Lu Peng, my advisor, for the guidance and suggestions through out the whole research study to help me work towards the completion of my Master program.


The car has, more than any other, become a product with highly emotional properties and a significant impact on society. The automotive styling process as generally educated and practiced today has its foundation in the 1930's in the Detroit studios of General Motors and has not changed significantly since. The automotive industry and its market however have evolved dramatically. Car companies need to manage brand portfolios rather than a single brand and manage synergy between SBUs without compromising brand identities. It is due to the very properties of the styling process that automotive styling departments have not acquired a position in the value chain that allows an active role in corporate strategy formulation. Cynically, the tacit skills and culture that allow stylists to design successful cars also appear to be the threshold in implementing methodologies that would allow a more influential power base. The myth of the profession is embraced passionately by those who are a part of it. Being part of a myth is even better than being a scientist. Styling strategy and competitive advantage fail to emerge and each new model generation puts a company at a larger risk than acceptable. Styling is currently recognized as a main automotive design driver. However it is no longer sufficient to design the next generation without a strategic context that exceeds the level of the business unit. The resources that are invested in a new car, and the number of people that depend on it, are too high. The challenge is to design and introduce a scientific business framework into the styling process without compromising or bounding tacit skills, which are so critical to the appeal of the final design.


This paper expounds the advantages of network publisher and traditional publisher,and probes into how the network publisher and traditional publisher to coexist and co-develop in the future development of the publishing industry.


The forthcoming European Wound Management Association (EWMA) meeting in Harrogate (November 9-11) promises debate on a broad range of topics. The progress of wound healing during the past century will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the radical changes that have emerged during the past 30 years. In this time there has been an upsurge in the availability of wound-care products in developed countries, together with an increasing emphasis on the need for evidence-based medicine.


Oligodendrocyte precursors arise in restricted regions of the developing neuroepithelium due to local signals that include sonic hedgehog. In the spinal cord the founder cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage develop in a specific domain of the ventral ventricular zone. These cells or their progeny subsequently migrate long distances to populate the entire spinal cord and myelinate axons in the peripheral presumptive white matter. The majority of migration in the oligodendrocyte lineage is accomplished by immature precursors, which then stop, proliferate and differentiate in the appropriate location. Several distinct mechanisms appear to regulate this migration. The initial dispersal of cells from the ventral ventricular zone is guided by chemorepellent cues including netrin-1 present in the ventral ventricular domain. Migratory precursors are arrested in particular locations within the developing spinal cord as the result of the localized expression of the chemokine, CXCL1 by astrocytes. This chemokine, signalling through the CXCR2 receptor combines with PDGF to inhibit cell migration and enhance cell proliferation thereby facilitating the local expansion of the oligodendrocyte lineage and myelination of all relevant axons.


The first European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) document agreed in May 1999 calls for closer cooperation at the EU level in response to the challenges posed by globalization and the increasingly transnational impact of spatial development in Europe. The ESDP maps out a common approach to spatial development in the EU member states and supports an integrated perspective for European spatial development which goes beyond specialist viewpoints. This article focuses on the relationship between key statements on the European urban system contained in the ESDP and the 'real' structures and changes within this urban system. It also examines possible conclusions from the ESDP for urban policy in Europe in the light of the activities already launched to translate the ESDP into practice in the urban dimension of European spatial development.


Public transportation in Lagos, Nigeria has traditionally been unregulated, chaotic, inefficient, expensive and dangerous. This article describes how the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA), established in 2003, is working to change the state of public transportation and improve social inclusion with a new bus rapid transit (BRT) system. The BRT system offers high-capacity buses that run on about 60% exclusive lanes. The BRT services offers comfortable and reliable transportation to persons with physically disabilities. Fares are low and service is frequent. Persons with disabilities are able to travel on the BRT buses free of charge to many destinations and station officers are trained to assist passengers in boarding buses. Bus shelters are being equipped with signage for hearing-impaired passengers and ramps for mobility-impaired users. Although the BRT system is only 8 months old, initial findings suggest a high level of user satisfaction.


The knowledge-based economies created by the ever globalizing world have created new needs for companies. Extreme competition has made companies more demanding and more ambitious in terms of reaching and new using information. At this point, absorptive capacity, which means the capacity of organizations to recognize, acquire and use new external information, has gained great importance. Companies with high absorptive capacities can access external information sources more easily, and they can more easily assimilate their acquired knowledge and work more effectively, efficiently and innovatively. In this study, it has been predicted that the innovative work behavior of the employees will be greatly affected by the absorptive capacity. And the effects of the sub-dimensions of this capacity on the innovative business behavior were examined. In order to test this research model, a field research is applied in Istanbul on 190 whitecollar workers with face-to-face surveys. Results of the survey have been analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results of the study showed that all subdimensions of absorptive capacity positively effect innovative work behavior.


The invention provides an environment-friendly multifunctional macromolecule health care pillow and a manufacturing method thereof. The health care pillow comprises a pillow case and a pillow inner, the pillow case is filled with the pillow inner, and the pillow inner is sewn and wrapped in the pillow case, made of a POE or EVA macromolecule elastic material and of a stereoscopic net structure; a functional composite solution is sprayed into the pillow inner and dried by a heat blower, or a functional composite spherical particle nylon bag is sewn on the upper surface of the pillow inner, the functional composite solution is formed by mixing and blending one or more of a nanoscale titanium dioxide solution, a nanoscale negative ion solution and a nano-silver antibacterial agent, and a pillow body composed of the pillow inner and the pillow case is a shell pillow, or a high-low pillow or a U-shaped pillow. The health care pillow is simple in structure and convenient to use; as the functional material is additionally arranged, the functionality of health care is greatly improved, which is beneficial for improving the sleeping quality of people; the technology is simple, and the pillow can be produced in a large-scale mode; the pillow inner and the outer case can be washed with water, practicability is improved, the pillow can be reused after being recovered, resources are effectively saved, and waste is avoided.


The heliosphere is the region around the Sun that is filled by the solar wind and its embedded magnetic field. The interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the local interstellar medium leads to a transition from supersonic to subsonic speeds at the heliospheric termination shock. The latter is regarded to be the source of the anomalous component of cosmic rays. Within the heliosphere "local" energetic particle sources, like the Sun and interplanetary shock waves contribute to the cosmic ray flux, too. At energies below a few GeV the observed galactic and anomalous cosmic ray intensities are modulated by the heliospheric magnetic field. In my contribution, both the current knowledge and hypotheses about modulation and the transport of cosmic rays in the heliosphere are reviewed.


Polypropylene (PP)/elastomer blend is a promising candidate for high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation. Space charge accumulation in HVDC cable is an important factor for safe and stable operation of HVDC transmission system. In this paper, propylene based elastomer (PBE) and ethylene-octene copolymer elastomer (EOC) were added into PP to prepare the blend sample. Space charge accumulation behavior was estimated by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method, and the influence of compatibility between the PP and the elastomer on the charge accumulation behavior was investigated. Polarized optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements were performed to assist the understanding of the compatibility dependent space charge accumulation behavior. The obtained results showed that the amount of space charge in the PP/PBE blend was lower than that in the PP/EOC blend. As compared with the PP/EOC blend, higher crystallinity with integrated crystal morphology and β-crystal form were observed in the PP/PBE blend for better compatibility between PP and PBE. It is suggested that deeper trap centers are formed in the PP/PBE blend than in the PP/EOC blend due to the compatibility, by which the charge injection is restricted.


The Hall conductivity in the random phase model of a disordered system is discussed by making use of the theory developed by Matsubara and Kaneyoshi (1968).


The prediction of some key parameters in the operational process of vertical roller mill is very important for its safety and reliability. Because the vertical mill works too long in poor conditions, its key operating parameters are nonlinear and time-varying and the traditional prediction methods are difficult to achieve high accuracy. This paper selects the upper shell vibration signal of the vertical mill for the research. The signal processing has three steps. The first step is to remove the noise of the signal by using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD); the second step is to introduce the echo state network (ESN), which is a very suitable method for predicting in nonlinear chaotic system; the last step is to optimize the key parameters of the reserve pool in echo state network using fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) and the echo state network prediction model based on fruit fly optimization algorithm is put forward. The simulation results show the improved prediction model has higher prediction accuracy compared with the method without optimization, which proves the improved prediction model is suitable for the prediction on the upper shell vibration signal of the vertical mill.


In the recent years, Reservoir Computing arises as an emerging machine-learning technique that is highly suitable for time-series processing. In this work, we propose the implementation of reservoir computing systems in hardware via morphological neurons which make use of tropical algebra concepts that allow us to reduce the area cost in the neural synapses. The main consequence of using tropical algebra is that synapses multipliers are substituted by adders, with lower hardware requirements. The proposed design is synthesized in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and benchmarked against a time-series prediction task. The current approach achieves significant savings in terms of power and hardware, as well as an appreciable higher precision if compared to classical reservoir systems.


Introduction of the mechanics performances and calculation model with viscoelastic dampers and energy dissipation braced Is put forward.Portal frame with crane、eccentrically and energy dissipation braced Portal frame with crane were analyzed by using the finite element analytical software ANSYS.At the effects of seismic waves Elcentro,the nonlinear time-history analysis at the scarce earthquake.The results are obtained after these analysis and comparison.


Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), having the advantages of high detection sensibility and fast analysis speed, meets the requirements of the detection of sulfur content in simulated gasoline. The optimal preparation conditions of nano-silver substrate which played an important role in enhancing Raman signals was mainly studyed in this paper. Potentiostatic oxidation-reduction method was selected to prepare roughened silver electrode as the nano-substrate. The influences of electrolyte, potential and reduction time were investigated. It shows that bromide ion in electrolytes and nearly balance potential could lead to much better result that relative area intensification factor is equal to 81746.


Seven SSR primers and 192 maize hybrid were used to comparatively analyze SSR markers between capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection and denaturing PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) silver-staining detection.The results indicated that SSR markers fragment sizes explored by two decetion systems were relatively similar.Capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection has the advantages of high accuracy,sensitiveness,cost effectiveness and high-throught.Therefore,the capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection system is suggested to be suitable for scaning and analyzing large-scale material.While denaturing PAGE silver-staining detection would be used in examaining a few samples,especially in screening SSR markers.


Abstract Occasionally, in Performance Art, after the event we are faced with some material leftovers, so-called 'performance relics'. This raises the question of how to handle such artefacts in accordance with the museum's core task of preservation. This article concentrates on the moment when the artistic process is completed and the transformation of its traces into relics begins. As leftovers of an ephemeral and fugitive action, relics have lost their original context and thus need to be redefined. In this article we will focus on a special kind of performance relic, ones that were transformed into new works of art. Two installations by the artist Joseph Beuys: Richtkräfte einer neuen Gesellschaft 1974–77 and Das Kapital Raum 1970–1977, 1980 are used as case studies to demonstrate how such performance-based art works need to be handled from a conservator's perspective.


Sweeping changes in financial regulation have occurred throughout much of the world following the global credit crisis that began in 2007. Shifts in the regulatory paradigm governing derivatives have been especially dramatic and have already altered the landscape for interest rate derivatives and participants in interest rate derivatives activity. This chapter reviews the products that comprise the global interest rate derivatives market, recent market activity across different products, currencies, and market structures (i.e., exchange-traded interest rate derivatives, non-cleared swaps, and cleared swaps), and the new regulations governing interest rate derivatives in the United States and Europe. The chapter also documents the bifurcation in liquidity for certain non-dollar swaps (especially EUR-denominated swaps) that has arisen as a result of regulatory uncertainties involving the disparate international implementation of recent regulatory changes. A detailed Appendix presents a self-contained overview of the new regulatory framework itself.


Abstract Tornado diagrams are a classic tool of sensitivity analysis for decision analysis, yet engineering economy texts and TEE articles rarely include them. It is suggested that this is due to apparent barriers in constructing them—particularly for problems with positive and negative values. While the texts and articles may not represent typical engineering economy practice, they certainly lay the foundation for it. This note summarizes how to construct tornado diagrams in Excel. A template for constructing these diagrams is available from the author at email@example.com.


COVID-19 has made videoconferencing a regular occurrence in the lives of Canadians. Videoconferencing is being used to maintain social ties, run business meetings—and to uphold responsible government. On April 28, 2020, Members of the House of Commons sat virtually using Zoom. The virtual sitting was the first of what will become a stand-in for regular proceedings, allowing the Members to fulfill some of their parliamentary duties while complying with physical distancing (see Malloy, 2020). As the legislative and executive branches look to digital technology to allow the business of government to continue, what about the judicial branch of Canada's government? Courts are an essential service. This is best articulated by the Chief Justice of Nova Scotia: "The fact is, the Courts cannot close. As the third branch of government, an independent judiciary is vital for our Canadian democracy to function. It is never more important than in times of crisis" (Wood, 2020). In this analysis, we seek to understand how courts have responded to COVID-19 and the challenges of physical distancing through the use of digital technologies. This is accomplished through a systematic review of COVID-19 statements and directives issued from all levels of court across Canada. We briefly compare Canada to the United States, a jurisdiction that demonstrates greater openness to technology.


This paper reported the results of investigation on the pathology of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in two intact and four incomplete dead bodies of patients with this disease autopsied. The results indicated that the fundamental pathologic changes were the disfunction of generalized capillary, the disseminated intravascular coagulation of principle vescera, the degeneration and necrosis with different degrees and range of cells in parenchimatous organs while the filtration of inflammatory cells was not obvious and the lesion of kidney was slight. The authors discussed the problems about the pathogenic agent, the mechanism of hemorrhage and the relation between the pathology and clinical features and concluded that the pathologic and clinical characteristics of this disease were different with the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome but accorded with the hemorrhagic fever without nephritic syndrome.


This paper will present creative and practical ideas in various areas which may be helpful to those starting out on a career in studio teaching, but also perhaps to the more experienced teachers who may like to refresh and reflect. This session will encourage discussion and interaction with the sharing of ideas, and practical, hands-on approaches will be considered in a variety of educational contexts. Ideas presented in this paper will be expanded upon during the session. The music teacher today is expected to play many roles to keep abreast of current educational trends and to have developed many diverse skills to be actively engaged in lifelong learning. Young musicians beginning as instrumental studio teachers come from three main sources: 1. those who have attended tertiary institutions and studied music education. 2. those who have attended tertiary institutions and studied Performance. 3. those whose qualifications are a Diploma, usually acquired through one of the external examining bodies. This paper is directed particularly to persons in the latter two categories, who have had fewer opportunities of a comprehensive training in such aspects as music pedagogy and music psychology.


To date, various kinds of styrene-butadiene rubber have been used in various industrial materials. These SBRs are manufactured by emulsion polymerization (radical polymerization) or solution polymerization (anionic polymerization). Anionic polymerization technique has characteristics that can design SBR structure easily. The most remarkable technology of S-SBR is to be able to introduce the functional group into SBR terminal easily. By using this technique, various modified SBRs are developed and placed on the market. Silica-filled rubber compounds show low hysteresis loss in comparison with carbon black-filled rubber compounds, and silica has been recognized as a notable filler for high performance tires with good wet grip and low rolling resistance and it is used in all over the world as reinforcing filler for tire tread. Recently, modified S-SBRs are actively developed in order to apply silica composition to tire treads material. Introduction technology of functional group draws attention as technology, which brings out the characteristic of reinforcing filler (silica, carbon black, etc.) filled composite materials. Also new modified S-SBR will be developed in future.


We present a completely gauge-invariant operator definition of transverse-momentum-dependent parton densities (TMD), supplied with longitudinal lightlike gauge links as well as transverse gauge links at lightcone infinity. Within this framework, we consider the consistent treatment of specific divergences, emerging in the "unsubtracted" TMD beyond the tree approximation, and construct the soft factors to cancel unphysical singularities. We confront this approach with factorization schemes, which make use of covariant gauges with off-the-lightcone gauge links, and discuss their mutual connection.


Integrated andrological evaluation (IAE) is a practice to identify Satisfactory (S), Questionable (Q) and Unsatisfactory (US) males. IAE procedure mainly involves classical and modern methods. The routine evaluation system contains physical and reproductive examination, while the innovative approach is more based on ultrasound detection of testicular and accessory glands, scrotal surface thermography, GnRH challenge test, CASA semen analysis (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer), fluorescent staining, seminal plasma biochemistry, testicular fine needle aspiration cytology (TFNAC). The aim of this trial was to conduct a pilot study with an IAE based evaluation system (except of the TFNAC) in four healthy adult (4/6 years) Angora goat in Kazan-Turkey. Physical traits such as age, BSC, hereditable defects on: eyes, mouth, legs/feet, prepuce, penis, scrotum and its components were recorded and scrotal circumference, testicular ultrasound (ESAOTE MyLab5, Genoa, Italy with convex probe 2.2 – 6.6 MHz) and scrotal thermography (Flir, E60 during GnRH challenge test with 8.4 µg Busereline IV) were performed. Semen parameters such as color, volume, concentration, sperm motility (SCA Microptics), viability and morphology (Eosin-Nigrosin stain), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA) were measured in fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples. Correlation indices and mathematical tendencies were calculated using Sigma Stat Software 2.05 and Microsoft Excel version 14.4.9. Three males were evaluated as Q, and one as US because of the presence of feet and mouth defects. One buck has not been evaluated by reasons of higher delta Testosteronemia during GnRH Challenge Test and echotexture testicular classification (Lower Mineralization Index). All mature bucks showed similar scrotal thermal pattern. Seminal plasma mean values of cholesterol, glucose, LDH, triglycerides, total protein, GGT and magnesium were 30.5 mg/dl, 77.8 mg/dl, 470.1 u/L, 8.8 mg/dl, 82.5 g/l, 46.8 u/L and 2.03 mg/dl, respectively. Bucks with higher testicular functionality, according to the physical examination, had the best freezability (Delta Viability and Intact Acrosome) and higher levels of cholesterol (34.5 mg/dl) glucose (87.4 mg/dl), LDH (585.4 u/L), triglycerides (11.15 mg/dl), total protein (89.0 g/l), GGT (53.4 u/L) as well as the lower levels of magnesium (1.88 mg/dl) in the seminal plasma. A correlation between testicular functionality and frozenthawed semen parameters was also confirmed by sperm kinetic parameters, viability and morphology results. Application of IAE in Angora goat may indicate the buck selection for specific purposes such as breeding, cryopreservation or exclusion from any application.


The Role of Urinary Catheters in Development of Nosocomial Urinary Tract-Related Bacteremia Laurie Jean Conway This dissertation examines risk factors for bacteremia secondary to catheter-associated bacteriuria (CAB), specifically the potential risk of continued catheter presence, and assesses the degree to which hospitals in the United States (US) have implemented strategies to reduce unnecessary use of urinary catheters. In Chapter One, the problems of urinary tract-related bacteremia and unnecessary use of urinary catheters are introduced and their significance is described. In Chapter Two, a systematic review of the literature identifying risk factors for bacteremia secondary to CAB among adults in acute care settings is reported. In Chapter Three, a case control study elucidating risk factors for secondary bacteremia among adult patients with nosocomial CAB is reported, including an assessment of the risk posed by the continued presence of a urinary catheter after the onset of CAB. In Chapter Four, the prevalence and predictors of urinary catheter reduction policies in US hospitals is reported. In Chapter Five, findings of the three studies are summarized and overarching conclusions are provided including strengths, limitations, and implications for research, practice, and policy.


This paper has two parts: first a brief tutorial on Android OS and then we comment on our experience teaching a first offering of this material. The application in the tutorial is based on a case o...


Two samples of the compound GdBa2Cu3O7-x, one with x approximately 0 (Tc=93.5 K) and one with x>0.5 (Tc<1.8 K), have been studied by 155Gd Mossbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range 1.5 K<or=T<or=120 K. A non-zero value of the asymmetry parameter eta in both samples shows the point symmetry at Gd sites to be orthorhombic at low temperatures. The narrow linewidth implies a high degree of perfection of the authors' samples. Significant differences of the frequency spectra of Gd ions between the two samples are derived from the temperature dependence of the absorption cross sections and of the centre shifts.


The seaward migration of sockeye salmon smolts through the Babine Lake system to its outlet is examined by extensive tagging, direct observations and experimental orientation tests. The migration appears to be a well-oriented, non-random movement; it apparently commences from all lake regions at about the same time, suggesting a common triggering stimulus. When migrating, the smolts swim at a speed of 0.65 to 1.0 feet per second. The migration appears to take place primarily at near-surface depths; diurnally, most of the migration activity appears centered around the evening dusk period. There is a consistent increase in rate of travel as the season progresses; in large part this appears a result of increasing migration drive. Orientation tests with a view of only the sky show the smolts capable of time-compensated orientation in relation to celestial phenomena, and such tests at various points along the migration route show the preferred direction of smolts to correspond with the direction of most direct...


Visual speech information plays an important role inlipreading under noisy conditions or for listeners with a hearing impairment. This research has developed several programming algorithm related to software development of lips pattern recognition in video imaging of 25 people for 17 Indonesian syllable pronunciation utilizing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) method.
Based on the results, lips motion pattern recognition for the same pattern of lips condition in database produces R = 0.77 of correlation coefficient, and for the different pattern of lips condition yields R = 0.38 of correlation coefficient. The best lips condition is shown for red lips which have R = 0.74 of correlation coefficient, whereas correlation coefficients for lips with mustache and pale are R = 0.68 and R = 0.38.
This research also analyzes the influence of syllable to lips pattern recognition. Bilabial syllable gives 77% of performance, 77% of dental, and 63% of palatal, while between /a/, /i/, /e/, /o/ phonemes, the best performance is obtained for /a/ phoneme which has no similarity with other phonemes. This research is very beneficial for other pattern processing researches in lips pattern recognition and health aids field.


A wide-range synchronization system (WSS) for applications in utility and non-utility AC power systems is presented. The synchronization system provides information about the frequency, amplitude, and phase. The WSS is fully adaptive, extracts synchronization information from frequency and/or amplitude variant voltage/current signals and offers a high degree of immunity to wide-band noise, harmonics, inter-harmonics and impulse disturbances. A set of analytical expressions is developed to achieve high execution speed and low real estate utilization. The mathematical properties of the analytical expressions are presented. The WSS is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The operating range of the implemented WSS is from a fraction of Hz to a few kHz and from 3% to 100% of nominal amplitude


The Effect of Interaction between Obesity and Grip Strength on Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) Seungjae Hyun, Darae Woo, Sangshin Park Graduate Student, Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul; Researcher, Incheon Metropolitan City Public Health Policy Institute, Incheon; Professor, Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea


Phase contrast microscopy has been used in light microscopy for imaging unstained biological material for more than 80 years, opens up new possibilities in structural biology by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). Images of unstained and frozen-hydrated biological material produce very little contrast, since such samples interact weakly with high-energy electrons. The only way to produce contrast in cryo-EM (until recently) was to intentionally defocus the image at the expense of altering high-resolution structural information. Despite the various efforts made in the development of EM phase plates, the technique was not readily applicable for cryo-EM, mainly due to the very short 'life time' of a phase plate and its complicated use.


Introduction. At the end of the 20th century in the arsenal of traditional economic theory, there were not enough means by which it was possible to explain the not always rational behavior of economic subjects, which prompted the emergence of the concept of behavioral finance as a new direction of financial education. The subject of research of this concept was primarily the impact of emotional, cultural, psychological, social and other factors on the making of financial decisions by household members. Therefore, the use of the findings of the concept of behavioral finance in modern scientific research will provide an opportunity to justify, and therefore to a certain extent influence the irrational behavior of domestic households, to forecast and model their financial decision-making strategies, as well as to increase the level of financial literacy of Ukrainians.
The purpose of the scientific research is to analyze the pragmatics of the formation and implementation of the financial behavior of Ukrainian households in the context of the development of the theory of behavioral finance and to highlight modern trends and current models of such behavior in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis, system approach, statistical observation, comparative and logical-structural analysis, graphic interpretation of data, generalization.
The main results of the study. It is emphasized that the behavioral model of financial decision-making is based on the main behavioral theories ("theory of prospects", "theory of investor behavior", "theory of noise trading", "theory of the efficiency of trader operations") and effects ("loss aversion effect", "status-quo effect ", "ownership effect", "ostrich effect", "certainty effect", "trap effect", "conservatism effect", "competence effect"). The factors, types and main models of financial behavior of households are singled out and the impact of financial literacy on their formation and implementation is substantiated. The consumer, saving and charitable components of the financial behavior of domestic households were analyzed and the current trends in their formation and implementation in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine were investigated. Considerable attention is paid to the pragmatics of the formation of consumer and financial patriotism of Ukrainians and the specifics of using such a new instrument of citizens' savings as investing in military bonds.
Conclusions. The article characterizes the main theories of behavioral finance, elucidates the essence of household financial behavior, defines its most common types, models and factors. Modern trends in the financial behavior of Ukrainian households are identified and analyzed through the prism of the concept of behavioral finance.


This book covers the main topics from non-medical prescribing modules that appear in the exam, including some pharmacology and calculations but also the legal, procedural and practical aspects of the prescribing role that are assessed on the course, including: drug safety, consultation skills, adverse drug reactions, concordance, using the BNF and special care groups such as children, pregnant women and mental health clients. Each chapter includes different question types including: True or False, Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blank questions.


This paper offers an overview of morphogenetic processes going on in metal electrodeposition processes and provides a systematisation of the morphology classes identified experimentally in terms of an electrokinetic theory accounting for charge-transfer and mass-transport rates. In addition, it provides a review of the modelling work by the authors, based on a reaction-diffusion system coupling morphology with surface chemistry of the growing metal and briefly describes the experimental validation of the model.


Abstract The interactions of malic acid, phosphate ion, and urea with metal ions (aluminum, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and mercury) at different pH values (3.7, 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5) were investigated using a model system simulating natural conditions. The system consists of the ascending paper chromatography of metals in the tap water or in the solution of malic acid and mixture of malic acid, urea, or phosphate ion as developer. The chromatographic results show that malic acid increases the mobilities of all examined metals except mercury.


Dear Editor,

According to the new guidelines published by the American College of Cardiology, it is predicted by experts that statins will become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the age group of 40-75 years.[1] Statins have been clearly shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial effect of statins on the prognosis and risk of various cancers including gynecological malignancies has also been highlighted in multiple studies.

Endometrial cancer, the most common cancer of the female genital tract, has already caused more than 10,000 mortalities in the United States alone in the year 2015.[2] With advanced-stage endometrial cancer presenting with an extremely poor outcome, it is important that factors that can help to decrease the risk of endometrial cancer should be thoroughly investigated. The role of statins in this regard has been highly debatable in the recent past. In an attempt to collect updated evidence, we conducted an extensive literature search utilizing Medline (PubMed and OvidSP) and Cochrane Library to identify all possible studies that have investigated the impact of statins on the risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer.

Thirteen relevant citations were found[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] and are shown in Tables Tables11 and and2.2. Three studies[5,6,7] showed that statins significantly reduce the risk of developing endometrial cancer while seven studies[8,9,10,11,12,13,14] reported no such relationship. The three studies that documented favorable impact of statins on endometrial cancers were all limited by lack of randomization, single center locations, relatively small sample sizes, and confounders as patients had multiple comorbidities. Only three studies[3,4,12] were found that investigated the effect of statins on endometrial cancer survival, which are shown in Table 2. Nevadunsky et al.[3] reported that statins significantly (HR = 0.63) prolong survival in patients with endometrial cancer while the other two studies[4,12] concluded that statins have no significant effect on mortality. These studies have not mentioned if they have looked at progression-free survival or overall survival versus a cancer specific outcome such as time to recurrence.

Table 1

Summary of the evidence regarding role of statins in the risk of endometrial cancer

Table 2

Summary of evidence regarding statins and outcome of endometrial cancer

It is vital to consider the duration of statin usage as well. In a recent meta-analysis by Liu et al.,[15] it was shown that when statins were taken for greater than 5 years, the risk of endometrial cancer was reduced by 31%. Moreover, they reported that studies conducted in Asian populations only had a significant relationship when all potential confounders were considered. It is important to note that patients who take statins tend to be elderly, have multiple comorbidities, and medication regimens including use of hormonal therapy; hence it is imperative to take these confounders into account.

These conflicting outcomes warrant further clinical investigation on the role of statins in endometrial cancer. We suggest that histological differentiation of endometrial cancer must also be analyzed in the future studies as different subtypes of endometrial cancer are closely linked with the prognosis. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed in this field urgently to eliminate selection, recall, and confounding bias inherent to observational studies.

Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.

Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.


The role of the temperature-time characteristics of the surface layers of the part hardened and modified with copper in determining their performance properties is shown. Regularities of changes in the temperature-time characteristics of technological residual stresses depending on the state of the surface layer of parts are studied. It is proved that at the maximum value of the initial value of the temperature-time characteristic of the hardened modified layer of the part, the friction coefficient for given conditions and friction modes has the smallest value.


Aim To identify and diagnose the patients with suspected dengue fever in Guangdong province Nan Hai city,1998 Methods Serum samples from 52 patients with suspected dengue fever were assayed by virological and serological detection Results 10 virus strains were isolated with C6/36 cell from 25 patients with early dengue fever Dengue virus(DEN)2 were identified by monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions(RT-PCR)IgG antibody positive rate was 46 15%,IgM antibody positive rate was 60% Conclusion It showed that the outbreak of dengue fever was caused by DEN2 infection in Guangdong province Nan Hai city


Objective To assess the influences of thalidomide on function of endothelial cells in patients with hematologic tumors.Methods We evaluated makers of endothelial cells,including serum levels of endothelin- 1,thrombomodulin,tissue factor,vascular endothelial growth factor as well as activities of coagulation factor V,von Willebrand factor,antithromobin,tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 during treatment with thalidomide in 32 patients with hematologic tumors.Results It was found that activities of VEGF,TF,TM,vWF and AT significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),while the serum level of ET- 1 dramatically increased(P0.05)in patients with hematologic tumors after receiving thalidomide.Other parameters were not affected by thalidomide.Conclusion Thalidomode are capable of reducing angiogenesis through the inhibition of endothelial cell.Therefore,thalidomide are effective in the treatment of hematiligic tumors.


Activities and accomplishments related to the Monte Carlo shower counter studies are summarized. A tape of the VMS version of the GEANT software was obtained and installed on the central computer at Gallaudet University. Due to difficulties encountered in updating this VMS version, a decision was made to switch to the UNIX version of the package. This version was installed and used to generate the set of data files currently accessed by various analysis programs. The GEANT software was used to write files of data for positron and proton showers. Showers were simulated for a detector consisting of 50 alternating layers of lead and scintillator. Each file consisted of 1000 events at each of the following energies: 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 10, 44, and 200 GeV. Data analysis activities related to clustering, chi square, and likelihood analyses are summarized. Source code for the GEANT user subprograms and data analysis programs are provided along with example data plots.


How to solve the parabolic equations successfully has been attached importance to by all kinds of fields.The very important thing is the numerical solution of nonlinear parabolic equations.In this paper,a half grid point is used to build a difference method.It is used to approximate for the solution a kind of the parabolic partial differential equation and error of the method is determined.The absolute errors of some numerical examples show the difference method is effective.


As to April 2010, 48 TNO (trans-Neptunian Object) binaries have been found. This is about 6% of known TNOs. However, in previous theoretical studies of planetary formation in the TNO region, the effect of binary formation has been neglected. TNO binaries can be formed through a variety of mechanisms, such as three-body process, dynamical friction on two massive bodies, inelastic collisions between two bodies etc. Most of these mechanisms become more effective as the distance from the Sun increases. In this paper, we studied three-body process using direct N-body simulations. We systematically changed the distance from the Sun, the number density of planetesimals, and the radius of the planetesimals and studied the effect of the binaries on the collision rate of planetesimals. In the TNO region, binaries are involved in 1/3 - 1/2 of collisions, and the collision rate is increased by about a factor of a few compared to the theoretical estimate for the direct two-body collisions. Thus, it is possible that the binaries formed through three-body process significantly enhance the collision rate and reduce the growth time scale. In the terrestrial planet region, binaries are less important, because the ratio between the Hill radius and physical size of the planetesimals is relatively small. Although the time scale of our simulations is short, they clearly demonstrated that the accretion process in the TNO region is quite different from that in the terrestrial planet region. Simulations which cover longer time scale are required to obtain more accurate estimate for the accretion enhancement.


The sixty-plus years that Charles H. Kellstadt has spent in marketing defy easy description. Several themes come to mind. The Horatio Alger approach is appropriate, for Kellstadt rose from delivery boy to head one of the world's most influential retailing institutions, Sears, Roebuck and Company. Another tack is to emphasize the "second career" facet of Mr. Kellstadt's business life, for he wrote another success story as head of General Development Corporation (GDC) following compulsory retirement from Sears. Or, Kellstadt's vital role as a leader in the land


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline and evaluate the development of a thinking skills programme for adults with learning disabilities at risk of offending. Design/methodology/approach – The programme was evaluated over three years using self-report clinical measures related to treatment targets and feedback from participants. Findings – Results showed a statistically significant improvement in general empathy (t=1.800, df=15, p=<0.05) and perspective taking (t=1.898, df=15, p=<0.05). Improvement in impulsivity and locus of control was not significant. Feedback from service users was positive. Practical implications – Findings suggest that thinking skills programmes can be of benefit to adults with learning disabilities at risk of offending. Originality/value – There is a need to provide opportunities for adults with learning disabilities to address generic deficits and factors supporting offending behaviour and to increase readiness for offence-specific treatment.


Aiming at the problem that automated guided vehicle (AGV) is difficult to locate accurately due to the influence of environment and time drift when it works in the indoor intelligent storage system. In this paper, an extended kalman filtering (EKF) framework is designed. In order to make full use of the original ranging values of ultra wideband (UWB) and inertial measurement unit (IMU), the framework realizes the fusion positioning between UWB module and IMU module in a tight coupling manner, so as to ensure that the system can still work when the available base station signal is inaccurate. Firstly, for the problem that the traditional UWB positioning method is easily affected by the non-line of sight (NLOS) error indoors, the calculated positioning coordinate value is unstable. With the help of different NLOS probability distribution curves of different obstacles, the weighted least square method is applied to the UWB positioning method to determine the positioning coordinate value of UWB, which improves the sudden change of AGV positioning coordinate in the static environment. Then the data fusion algorithm is optimized, and the error value of IMU and UWB coordinate is taken as the observation value of EKF, which reduces the influence of cumulative error on IMU positioning results, provides the global optimal estimation of the system optimal state, and improves the fusion positioning accuracy. Finally, the measured data of UWB and IMU systems in indoor complex environment are simulated in MATLAB. The experimental results show that when NLOS signal seriously affects the positioning effect, the UWB and IMU combined positioning system can provide more reliable positioning results than the single IMU positioning system. It improves the positioning accuracy of AGV and provides a new idea for indoor positioning mode.


The development of a social psychiatric ward treating young schizophrenics is described from the hierarchic, antitherapeutic days through to the ideas of the therapeutic community and up until today's milieu therapy. The purpose and principles of the therapy are exemplified by the structure of the ward's treatment program, and a follow-up including 31 patients treated for more than 3 months in 1987 shows changes in the home, work/pension, and daily activity (network) and their need for continuous treatment.


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Article History Received: January 2021 Accepted: March 2021 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most debilitating diseases with a considerable financial burden and deteriorating effect on the quality of life for the affected individual, the family and the entire society. Although MS affects young adults, it can develop in children as well. In these cases, the diagnosis of MS could be rather challenging but it should be timely done in order to start the appropriate treatment and avoid unfavorable outcomes. We present the case of multiple sclerosis in a 13-year-old boy in Albania who initially was suspected to be affected by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and describe the diagnosis procedure challenges.


Large construction projects are open complex giant systems. Based on system science theory and complexity study, this paper analyzes integration management for large construction projects using advanced management ideas in other fields as reference. This paper forwards a new concept of total process, total contents and all- party integration management and develops a new proof- of- concept management model for large construction projects.


To help service providers to better design their customer management strategies, it is important to understand the sequence of stages that users undergo because their behavior can vary at different stages (Criterion 1). For example, it is important to examine whether users who continue to use one IT-based service after degradation share common characteristics and whether the users who abandon the service share common characteristics as well. It is also important to understand what triggers users to move from one stage to another (Criterion 2, Criterion 3, Criterion 6) so that the providers can better understand how and why a customer's behavior might change. For example, if the duration of the relationship between the customer and the provider is important to trigger behavioral development, then the provider should be aware of the peak timings that produce those changes. Similarly, if users lose their trust in the service provider at some stage, this may cause them to relapse to an earlier stage and thus, behave differently. It is also important to understand how users experiencing the different stages might be influenced by different factors in their decision to continue using an IT-based service or abandon it after a degradation incident (Criterion 4). This is in order to explain why some users remain at the same service provider after a failure, while others decide to abandon the service following the same failure. Such explanations might assist service providers in designing customized recovery strategies based on what is important to the customer. However, some factors might be important throughout the development path (Criterion 5); identifying common reasons (stage-independent factors) that lead to service abandonment in any stage can prompt service providers to design better strategies to retain customers. However, previous research on service failure does not meet the stage theory criteria, as depicted in Table B.1.


Routine inspection programs are procedures that utilities can use to improve their power quality standards and public perception. However, due to budget restrictions, it is usually not possible to inspect all elements in the whole concession area. In this scenario, strategies to efficiently allocate available teams at scheduled inspections are an interesting alternative. The challenge is to define which data are relevant and at hand to develop an strategy that is comprehensive, efficient and outperforms the current old fashioned way based on personal experience applied to automated spreadsheets. This paper proposes an approach that deals with a large amount of data from corporate systems as input to a proposed optimization engine based on Genetic Algorithm and heuristics. Primary feeders are split into segments among protection devices, referred to as metazones. The developed tool produces a set of prioritized metazones by maximizing the sum of merit indexes related to loss of energy, voltage and current violations, as well as outages, while satisfying teams' inspections capacities. A case study with 56 primary feeders is presented, and results show that the yielded prioritized metazones are compatible with and improve current power utilities practices.


This paper deals with stochastic resonance. This nonlinear physical phenomenon generally occurs in bistable systems excited by a random noise plus a sine. Such systems force cooperation between the input noise and the input sine: Provided a fine tuning between the power noise and the dynamics, the system reacts periodically. The interesting fact is that the local output signal-to-noise ratio presents a maximum when plotted against the input power noise. In this paper we recall the results for the discrete-time one-dimensional nonlinear AR(1) systems. We then extend the study to a particular 2-dimensional nonlinear system.


Genetic Programming (GP) has been successfully applied to supervised classification problems. This work evaluates a tree-based GP implementation in a one-class classification scenario, using artificial outliers generated by a promising method recently developed by Bánhalmi et al. The proposed approach does not require the use of certain techniques employed by related works, thus providing a simpler yet effective strategy for one-class classification based on GP. Experiments presented herein explore parameter sensitivity of Bnhalmi's outlier generation method and compare the proposed approach to previously published results obtained by others one-class classifiers like υ-SVM, one-class SVM and GMM.


Technology may not be able to foretell the beginning of a pandemic, it may even have limitation in eradicating it. However, it can surely help in preventing its spread, create awareness and empower those working at the forefront and remarkably mitigate its impact. The entire world has been confronted with a unprecedented health crisis: the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus–caused respiratory disease (COVID-19). The new form of Corona Virus, which was originated from the Wuhan province of China during December 2019 has reached all the inhabited continents and has infected innumerable number of persons in almost all countries of the word in a very short span of time. The medical research fraternity across the world has been striving very hard to develop a medical cure for the disease with help of various technological interventions. In this Paper, we have endeavored to explore the role played by IT and IT Enabled Technologies, especially four inter-related digital technologies (the IoT, Big Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain) in supplementing three traditional epidemic management strategies for tackling COVID-19 viz Monitoring & Detection to prevent the spread of COVID-19, Improving the efficiency of Healthcare infrastructure, and Mitigation of the impact of the pandemic.


In recent years,researchers made remarkable progress in cordycepin's production and purification.The latest research progress of the high cordycepin product methods and purification technology were reviewed,the development status of cordycepin were also summarized for the rapid industrialization of cordycepin in China.


Murder is a criminal act, because a person causes the death of another, carried out unlawfully and with violence on the person, be that as a fact of killing without any aggravating, because from that point the homicide becomes murder, as in the case of killing the mother to her newborn child, that his intention is not manslaughter but infanticide that because deserves a sanction superior to the ones for the crime of murder.

Infanticide is a crime of murder, because there is the intention of killing a child because of hiding the honor of the mother in society, listed it as the crime victim is a child, from his conception, which the fact that people say and consider people to slander that is most depressing and useless to his family and society. At the time of killing a child should be checked the mother's psychological state, because if there is any metal disturbance, the fact would be unimpeachable, but if it is found, the honor of the mother should be tried and punished for the crime infanticide.

Infanticide in the Code of Criminal Integral is not defined and punished as such, making it punishable as homicide, ranging from thirteen years, which is disproportionate to the intention of killing a newborn child. When a mother kills her child because of hiding their shame, it is making will and conscience, his intention is to hide what people say, because to conceive a child, but there is fraud in that unlawful act, so there is not the reduction in sentence, requiring that this provision be repealed for lack of legal basis, concealment of dishonor of the mother.

That is why it should be criminalized and punished the crime of infanticide in the Code of Integral Penal, and be punished with the highest penalty that murder, because in between is the life of a being, which violates the right to equality before the law, stated in Art. 11, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador that it shows that the State shall take affirmative action measures that promote real equality in favor of rights holders that are in situations of inequality; as stated in Art. 66 paragraph 4 of the same constitutional provision expressing the right to formal equality, material equality and non-discrimination


Any examination of the nature and character of resource use in the Philippine uplands necessitates confronting the question of whether such resource use patterns have resulted in sustainable development over time within the context of popular needs satisfaction and the maintenance of ecological balance. The state which has the power to control access to all forest lands traditionally has relied on the timber concession system as the basic mechanism for enabling private individuals and companies to utilize forest resources in the Philippines. This article argues that the private concession system has facilitated the degradation of the Philippine forest environment. Moreover, the extent of forest destruction has threatened the survival not only of diverse plant and animal species, but also of entire communities of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples living in the uplands. The market-based approach to forest management followed by the Philippine state as shown, for example, in its past practice of liberally granting franchises to timber companies which were allowed to conduct massive logging operations for short-term gains, stems from a severe lack of ecological foresight. From an environmental standpoint, the preservation of sufficient resources to meet future needs is deemed as a major goal of resource management. At the same time, the environmental issue in the Philippines is more than anything else one of equity. The notion of equity, both in its intra-generational and inter-generational sense, seeks to address the question of who benefits from and who pays for greater or lesser rates of resource use now or in the future.(1) Given the emphasis on the equity factor, the search for development becomes a process of establishing environmentally sustainable communities exercising local control and management of resources.(2) The starting point for the institution of sound ecological practices in the Philippine uplands is the shattering of the myth that there are no people in the forests. For its part, the state claimed as late as 1989 that there were only 1.8 million people residing in the forest zones.(3) The recognition of the reality that there are, in fact, at present over eighteen million Filipinos living in the upland areas serves as the best reason for proposing the shift towards a community-based approach to forest management in the Philippines.(4) The provision of land tenure to forest communities would make them more effective stewards of the mountains and agents of development. State Management of Philippine Forests In the Philippines, the legal foundation for the state's right to control access to all public lands, including forest areas, is embodied in the Regalian doctrine. This doctrine was imposed when the Spanish conquistadores settled in the country in the sixteenth century. It declared that all lands and natural resources in the archipelago are owned by the state in the name of the Spanish Crown. Under the Regalian doctrine, titles of private ownership of land could only emanate from the state.(5) State control over land-based resources was asserted under American colonial rule through the passage of the Public Land Act of 1905, which pronounced as public land all unregistered land under the Land Registration Act of 1902. In addition, under the Mining Law of 1905, all public lands were declared to be free and open for exploration, occupation, and purchase by citizens of both the United States and the Philippines.(6) The perspective that the state owns the lands that are untitled and those belonging to the public domain consequently gives the state both the right to directly exploit public land-based resources and to determine which private interests shall be given access to these resources. State forestry in the Philippines formally started with the creation of the Inspeccion General de Montes in 1863. No forest land was allowed to be sold unless it was properly surveyed, had its boundaries marked out, and was certified as alienable and disposable by this office. …


A flat-type monitor to easily control a slant angle of an video display screen to a flat surface is disclosed. The present invention includes a flat video display unit having an video display screen, casings for containing and supporting the video display unit to expose the video display screen, and a slant controller for controlling a slant angle of an assembly of the video display unit and the casings corresponding to external force affecting on the assembly. The slant controller comprises a rotary shaft arranged in parallel to an installing flat surface for a monitor; a rotary member having containing holes to axially contain the rotary shaft and being coupled to a leg member installed on a rear side of the assembly to support the assembly to the installing flat surface; a rotary resistant member interposed between the rotary member and the rotary shaft to contact each other for adding resistance to the rotation of the rotary member relative to the rotary shaft; and a plurality of one-way clutch members arranged on at least one end for allowing the rotation of the rotary shaft toward a direction to which the leg member approaches to the assembly and for restraining the rotation of the rotary shaft toward a direction to which the leg member is parted from the assembly.


I have been working on the musical transcriptions and harmonic analysis of "Nacht und Traume" and the first few songs from Die schone Mullerin. I've been


ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) on the morning-afternoon differences of cognitive and short-term maximal performances. . Fifteen young female handball players completed the attention (AT), simple reaction time (SRT), squat jump (SJ), Illinois agility (IAT) and 5-m shuttle run (5mSRT, to assess total (TD) and peak (PD) distances) tests at 08h00 and 1800 during ten days before Ramadan (BR), first ten days of Ramadan (F10R), last ten days of Ramadan (L10R) and ten days after Ramadan (AR). The results revealed that BR, SRT, AT, SJ, IA, TD and PD were greater in the afternoon compared to the morning (p<0.001). This morning-afternoon differences in physical and cognitive performances were reduced during F10R and were blunted or reversed during L10R (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the intraday differences in cognitive and physical performance in young female handball players might be blunted and/or reversed during RF.


Abstract. Recent studies have shown that the method combining the back-projection mechanism and deep convolutional neural network can well solve the problem of interdependence between high- and low-resolution images in single image super-resolution (SISR). However, this method still suffers from problems, such as large number of parameters and blurred detail textures. To address these problems, we propose a progressive residual feedback network with additional constraints for SISR. Specifically, we design a progressive residual structure that improves the densely connected network. This structure not only ensures feature reuse between each layer of the dense network through residual connections but also reduces the network complexity through progressive up-sampling reconstruction. In addition to enhance the detailed texture of the reconstructed image, we construct a spatial feature projection block based on the coordinate attention mechanism, so the extracted features contain spatial information that is relevant to the image reconstruction. Finally, we simulate the image degradation process with a degradation block to provide additional degradation constraints for the up-sampling network and optimize the convergence state-of-the-network. Numerous experimental results have proven the effectiveness of our method, which have advantages in both recovery quality and network complexity compared with other state-of-the-art SISR methods.