In this paper, we propose a method of estimating the contact force of a bone-conducted sound transducer with a two-degrees-of-freedom vibrating model. First, the electrical impedance of the transducer was measured by varying the contact force applied to 12 human subjects. The model was fit to the measurement electrical impedance by changing the damping coefficient. The results showed that the model's damping coefficient is related to the contact force. The fitting was valid when the contact force was below than 3.0 N. Second, a contact force estimation method utilizing the relationship between the damping coefficient and the contact force was proposed. The contact force was estimated by estimating the damping coefficient from the measured impedance and calculating the corresponding contact force from the damping-contact force curve. The estimation results showed that the proposed method achieves reasonable accuracy compared to a previous method using a neural network. Also, the proposed method can be achieved with only two calibration conditions, 0.3 N and 0.5 N, by employing a physical model. This drastically reduces the calibration process compared to the previous methods.


This paper presents high-fidelity implicit large-eddy simulations of counterclockwise-oriented parallel vortical gust interactions with a NACA0012 airfoil operating at a transitional chord-based Re...


Aiming at the practical situation about engineering geological conditions and productivity requirements of Xinshan ore block of Kafang mine,the optimization schemes of 3 feasible mining sequences are proposed based on the reconstructed mining environment idea.By using finite element analysis software MIDAS/GTS,a three dimensional finite element model of complex ore body is built.The mechanical time-varying effects of the 3 schemes are simulated and analyzed by numerical simulation.The results show that the stress and displacement of stope gradually increase and significant stress concentration appears as the advance of mining steps.In the 3 schemes,the maximum compressive stress is up to 27 MPa in the stope surrounding rock;to the roof,the maximum compressive stress is no more than 15 MPa and the maximum tensile stress of the roof reaches 1.2 MPa;for the subsidence displacements of roof,the maximum values of the 3 schemes are 82.9 mm,84.4 mm and 84.5 mm separately.A wide range tensile stress area appears with mining in roof;the maximum proportions of the tensile stress area occupying the roof area are 22%,22.3% and 23.5% separately.However,the time-varying laws of the tensile stress area show remarkable feature of imbalance and mutability.According to the process response laws of the stope structure under mining,the evaluating indices of the tensile stress damage area and the subsidence displacements of the roof are chosen.The optimal scheme is proposed and it is the scheme 1.


There has been a growing awareness of the contribution of aesthetics to the pedagogical experience of young children. Aesthetics along with classroom design and curriculum generates implicit and explicit messages that impact and inform the pedagogical process. While discrete elements of classroom design can be defined and taught to early childhood educators, the aesthetic element is less accessible as a point of entry, particularly in relation to how the classroom and curriculum are activated, engaged with and embodied. Given the transformative nature of classroom spaces, it may be better to describe classrooms as holding an aesthetic that is determined and defined by those who occupy and participate in the space at any particular time. The following article will discuss ways that we might begin to articulate and apply an aesthetic lens to early learning classrooms using an arts-informed framework to critique play-based classroom space purposed for children's exploration and inquiry.


We investigated the extraction and electrochemical behavior of plutonium in a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES). The unique properties of hydrophobic DES, such as low volatility and high solubility for metal ions, make it a promising candidate for plutonium extraction. Through a series of extraction experiments, we evaluated the efficiency of the hydrophobic DES in extracting plutonium from simulated radioactive waste. The effects of various parameters, including DES composition, acid concentration, and extraction time, were systematically investigated. Our results demonstrate that the hydrophobic DES exhibits excellent plutonium extraction efficiency, with extraction yields exceeding 95%.To gain insights into the electrochemical behavior of plutonium in the hydrophobic DES, we perform cyclic voltammetry experiments. The voltammograms obtained provide valuable information about the redox behavior and stability of plutonium species in the DES. Additionally, we investigated the effect of potential scan rate on the electrochemical response, shedding light on the kinetics and mechanism of plutonium electrochemistry in the hydrophobic DES. The results highlight the promising potential of the hydrophobic DES for efficient plutonium extraction and electrochemical separation. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches for plutonium management in the context of nuclear waste disposal.


The investigation of High School teacher essential qualities are discussed. The results of questionnaire among the participants of educational process in Sechenov Moscow Academy are represented and analyzed. Some suggestions in the improvement of teacher's work are proposed and discussed.


Foreningsfrihet och stridsatgarder pa arbetsmarknaden. Gustafssonmalet i perspektiv.(Freedom of association in the labour market and industrial action. Perspectives on the case of Gustafsson)


ABSTRACT OLA1, an Obg-family GTPase, has been implicated in eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2)-mediated translational control, but its physiological functions remain obscure. Here we report that mouse embryos lacking OLA1 have stunted growth, delayed development leading to immature organs—especially lungs—at birth, and frequent perinatal lethality. Proliferation of primary Ola1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is impaired due to defective cell cycle progression, associated with reduced cyclins D1 and E1, attenuated Rb phosphorylation, and increased p21Cip1/Waf1. Accumulation of p21 in Ola1−/− MEFs is due to enhanced mRNA translation and can be prevented by either reconstitution of OLA1 expression or treatment with an eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor, suggesting that OLA1 regulates p21 through a translational mechanism involving eIF2. With immunohistochemistry, overexpression of p21 protein was detected in Ola1-null embryos with reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, we have generated p21−/− Ola1−/− mice and found that knockout of p21 can partially rescue the growth retardation defect of Ola1−/− embryos but fails to rescue them from developmental delay and the lethality. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that OLA1 is required for normal progression of mammalian development. OLA1 plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation at least in part through suppression of p21 and organogenesis via factors yet to be discovered.


The interest in cogeneration and peakshaving systems has grown rapidly as the cost of energy has driven large users to look to other means to supply their electrical demand more economically. Likewise, utilities faced with rising fuel costs and plants operating at near-full capacities are turning to cogenerators to reduce their peak demand loads. The federal government, through the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, has promoted this situation by enacting rules that encourage cogeneration and remove obstacles that are deterring its use. It appears that in the 1980s, a larger percentage of onsite power installations are being decided on for economic reasons, rather than solely for the need for standby power. A review of recent cogeneration installations verifies this opinion, since they are being installed in places where standby power is not required nor would be considered in normal circumstances. Integral with the basic cogeneration and peak-shaving systems are the switchgear and its associated controls. Controls can range from the relatively basic ones for a manually-operated system to complex ones for a highlyautomated, highly-monitored system. No cookbook solution can determine the exact controls required for either of these types of applications. It remains the responsibility of the system designer to specify more » controls that are adequate. « less


To characterize the attenuation and dispersion behavior of shear waves in excised swine liver samples, complex shear modulus values are measured with a Rheospectris C500+ from 10 Hz to 2000 Hz. The shear wave attenuation and shear wave speed are then calculated from the complex modulus measurements. A power law fit is evaluated for the shear wave attenuation, and a power law fit with a constant offset is evaluated for the shear wave speed. The power law closely matches the measured shear wave attenuation over most of the frequency range evaluated, although some differences are observed at lower frequencies. The power law with the constant offset closely matches the measured shear wave speed in all measurements. The results demonstrate that shear wave attenuation and shear wave speed in swine liver follow a power law.


The present invention relates to improvements in or relating to cooling, in particular for cooling beverages in containers such as cans or bottles. We describe a cooling apparatus having a cavity for receipt of a product to be cooled; rotation means to rotate a product received in the cavity and cooling liquid supply means to provide a cooling liquid to the cavity. The rotation means is adapted to rotate the product at a rotational speed of 90 revolutions per minute or more and is also adapted to provide a pulsed or non-continuous rotation for a predetermined period.


Several national magazines contain "back-of-the-book" advertisements which make claims that are highly questionable. This paper reports the results of a two-phase study of deceptive magazine advertising. The pre liminary part of the study focuses on the perspectives of editors of maga zines carrying back-page advertisements that appear to be misleading. A second phase of the study concerns the activities undertaken by industry and government groups to minimize deceptive advertising in magazines. Based on study findings, recommendations are made for eliminating de ceptive magazine advertising. The foregoing headlines are taken from a sample of the "back-of-the-book" advertisements found in several pop ular national magazines such as Mademoiselle, Gentle men's Quarterly, and Glamour. A reasonable person would strongly doubt the validity of these claims. In fact, the president of the American Association of Advertising Agencies has recently referred to the weight-reducing, bust developing, and hair restoration products promoted in these advertisements as "trash" (I). These advertisements greatly concern reputable advertisers and all individuals in terested in the legitimacy and professionalism of marketing because they do untold damage to the image of advertising and marketing in general. "The human animal is a general izing animal; he seems to find it effortless to go from a spe cific instance to a general law. Hence one untruthful ad leads readily to the conclusion that advertising is untruth ful" (6). Several groups should be directlyconcernedwith the truthful ness of magazine advertisements. These include the indivi dual magazines, professional advertising associations, ad vertising self-regulatory bodies, and the government. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a two part study of how these groups deal with misleading adver tising. Part one of the study focuses on the perspectives of editors of magazines carrying back-page advertisements for products which have been described as "trash." The second part of the study concerns the ways in which private and public groups seek to minimize deceptive magazine ad vertising. Based on study findings, some approaches to eliminating deceptive magazine advertising are suggested. Prior to presenting the study, the legal aspects of deceptive magazine advertising are reviewed.


Uniformity of current density across the entire active area of the electrode is crucial to the optimization of the cell performance. A non-uniform current density distribution can cause reduced reactant and catalyst utilization, limited energy efficiency, and decreased lifetime of the cell. Determination of current density distribution is vital for designing PEM fuel cells that achieve higher performance and longer life. The common current mapping techniques, such as sub-cell approach, partial MEA, and segmented current collector and flow field, are simple to perform but often compromise the normal design and operation of the fuel cell. By comparison, local current mapping by microthermocouples are easier to set up and can be done without disturbing the operation of the fuel cell, which opens the possibility for carrying out in situ measurements in real practical applications under various conditions.


Thermostable alkaline protease which being extracted by using the E.coli BL21 pLysS 50a is purified by using heat treatment method at 70°C for 2, 3, and 4 hours. The enzyme which been purified for the duration of 2 hours has lowest protein content and highest protease activity. The enzyme was fully purified with average of 12.54-fold. Protein profiling, SDS PAGE was carried out to confirm whether the sample is fully purified by observing the bands in order to further confirm the purity level of the protease enzyme with different incubation time heat treatment. The fully purified enzyme has lesser band existed compared to the crude enzyme which act as control. This enzyme can withstand high temperature from 70 to 80°C. This enzyme found to be most stable in pH 7 when in phosphate buffer.


Thin-film deposition processes have gained much popularity due to their unique capability to enhance the physical and chemical properties of various materials. Identification of the best parametric combination for a deposition process to achieve desired coating quality is often considered to be challenging due to the involvement of a large number of input process parameters and conflicting responses. This study discusses the development of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based models for the prediction of quality measures of two thin-film deposition processes, i.e., SiCN thin-film coating using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and Ni–Cr alloy thin-film coating using direct current magnetron sputtering process. The predicted response values obtained from the developed models are validated and compared based on actual experimental results which exhibit a very close match between both the values. The corresponding surface plots obtained from the developed models illustrate the effect of each process parameter on the considered responses. These plots will help the operator in selecting the best parametric mix to achieve enhanced coating quality. Also, analysis of variance results identifies the importance of each process parameter in the determination of response values. The proposed approach can be applied to various deposition processes for modeling and prediction of observed response values. It will also assist as an operator in selecting the best parametric mix for achieving desired response values.


Three silkworm varieties(Guican 1,Dongtingbibo and Liangguang 2) were cultured in different geographical and climatic conditions of different silkworm culture regions to select suitable silkworm varieties for different silkworm culture regions.The results showed that Guican 1 was suitable to culture in autumn in Xifeng,Fenggang,Bijie and Huangping counties(city),Dongtingbibo was suitable to culture in autumn with high temperature in Xifeng,Fenggang,Bijie and Huangping counties(city) and in autumn with low temperature in Libo County,and Liangguang 2 was suitable to culture in autumn in Libo County.


Bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using [poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) after a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on a flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The fabricated structures were Al/LiF/PTB7:PC71BM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO with or without a lithium fluoride (LiF) buffer layer, and the influence of the LiF buffer layer on the performance of the solar cells was investigated. The LiF layer significantly enhanced the open-circuit voltages and fill factors of the solar cells presumably because of the work function shift of the aluminum cathode. As a result, the conversion efficiency increased from 2.31% to 4.02% owing to the presence of the LiF layer.


Abstract Nonporous monodispersed, microspherical silica particles, having mean particle diameters of 0.8 and 1.1 μm, were surfacel-modified with octadecyl or triphenyl functions as well as with lectin proteins for high performance liquid chromatography of small and large molecules. "Monomeric" or "polymeric" octadecyl-silica (C18-silica) bonded phases were formed, depending on the silane compounds used. Monomeric C18-silica stationary phases yielded high resolution in the separation of 2-pyridylamino derivatives of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and proteins. The effect of particle size of the support on resolution was also examined. For comparative study, the chromatographic behavior of large molecular weight proteins on a triphenyl-silica stationary phase was also conducted. Polymeric C18-silica stationary phases yielded higher phase ratios and better support surface coverage which proved useful in the separation of small hydrophilic species such as derivatized chitooligosaccharides of lower degree of poly...


1-Acetylirruno-3-methyl-1H-isochromene-4-carbonitrile, 1, reacts with glycine ethyl ester under basic conditions to give an imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivative, while reaction with hydrazine hydrate in 1,4-dioxane, with further chemistry, provides access to [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline, [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinoline and tetrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline analogs. Benzene ring nitration and radical bromination of substituent methyl groups were investigated in the four tricycles, with some different positional reactivities being found. Two bromomethyl derivatives so produced were oxidised; ethyl 2-bromomethyl-6-cyano-5-methylimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-3-carboxylate gave the anticipated ethyl 6-cyano-2-formyl-5-methylimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-3-carboxylate (which reacted further with hydrazine to form a new system, 8,9-dihydro-6-methyl-8-oxopyridazino[4′,5′:4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-5-carbonitrile), while 5-bromomethyl-2-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile unexpectedly gave directly another new system, 5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one.


For the various types of -ray sources considering the geometrical effect and attenuation, determination of the full energy absorption peak(FEP) efficiency(detection efficiency) is one of the important processes of the -ray activation analysis. To calculate detection efficiency for arbitrary volume sample, we developed and verified the EXVol (Efficiency calculator for eXtended Voluminous source) code which is based on effective solid angle method[1]. The procedure for semi-empirical determination of the FEP efficiency for the arbitrary volume sources and the calculation principles about EXVol code were validated in previous study [2]. In this study, we extended and verified the performance of the EXVol code. The previous EXVol only determined the detection efficiency of the sourcedetector coaxial structure for the whole volume source. After expansion of the performance, EXVol can calculate both coaxial and asymmetric structure. In addition, the introduction of a collimator made it possible to reduce the radiation intensity of a high radiation source. And it is possible to determine the precise detection efficiency according to the energy of a -ray at a specific position of the volume source.


Introduction: Segmental long bone fractures in high energy injuries are a challenging combination of bone and soft-tissue damage and loss. The present study was conducted to evaluate the various modalities of management of segmental fractures and to identify the complications encountered in the course of the treatment and follow up of the results. Material and Methods: The current study was carried among 30 cases of segmental fractures. The fractures were evaluated clinically as well as radiologically and the modality of management was based on the type of fracture and associated injuries. Data so obtained was analyzed using the SPSS Version 17 software and, arranged according to characteristics and represented as a number and percentage of respondents. Results: The mean age was 42.53 years. The right side was more frequently involved than left (17:13). There were 14 tibial, 10 femoral, 2 humeral, 4 radius/ulna fractures. Mechanism of injury was direct in 17, indirect in the remaining 13 patients. In 22 patients the cause was road traffic accident, 6 were due to fall from height, and 2 were due to fall after slipping. 11 were associated with other injuries. Intramedullary nailing was done in 9 tibiae, 10 femorii, 1 humerus and 3 radius / ulna. Dynamic compression plating was done in 1 humerus and 1 radius / ulna. Manipulative reduction and cast application was done in 5 tibiae and 1 radius / ulna. External fixator was applied in 4 tibiae and 1 femur. Conclusion: Conservative management still has a role especially in those with undisplaced closed segmental fractures who are either unfit for major surgery as well as those who have not sustained any other system or bone injury. External fixators are important tools in the management of Grade III compound fractures. Static interlocking Intramedullary nailing is the best possible option especially in those with large open fractures once the infection is controlled.


As text processing becomes more widespread at a university, users become intrigued with the possibilities of making publishing easier, quicker, and less costly. Authors, administrative offices, editors of newsletters, and even students creating attractive resumes want to use computerized typesetting. Not all universities can justify buying their own typesetting equipment, but files can be created on a university computer and sent to a commercial typesetter for processing. Such a system will be discussed.


DSSC (Dye-sensitized solar cells) is a firmware device capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy by utilizing a ruthenium dye (N719) as a sensitizer. In this research has been successfully made the working electrode is made of titanium dioxide ( TiO2) nanoparticles size shaped thin film is deposited on a transparent conductive glass FTO (fourine-doped tin oxide) by the spin coating method. From the test results using AM 1.5G solar simulator (100 mW / cm) obtained overall conversion efficiency reached 0.298% with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 460 mV, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.5 mA with a fill factor (FF ) 0.24. KATA KUNCI: dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), sensitizer, Fourine-doped tin oxide (FTO) http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/


In the epistemic field, several studies demonstrate the importance of pharmaceutical services in health care networks. Nonetheless, literature still addresses the strengths and barriers present in the provision of these services in an incipient way. Thus, this study aimed to understand these contexts in the development of clinical services for primary health care in the Federal District, Brazil. A qualitative study adopted the technique of open-script interview, structured based on the logic of the SWOT matrix. Pharmacists reported weaknesses such as precariousness and scarcity of physical infrastructure, material, and human resources. As threats, they discussed the lack of social recognition, discontinuities of government actions, and lack of preparation of the pharmacist for the provision of clinical services. Regarding themes pertaining to the service's strengths and opportunities, the advances in propositions and executions of public policies, actions, and governmental programs that have expanded the pharmaceutical workforce in primary care and that are impelling the accomplishment of clinical services were listed. This study contributes to understanding the scenario of the development of clinical pharmaceutical services, and consequently provides subsidies for the actions of planning, evaluation and qualification of health services.


This was an experimental research to verify onstage effects of a dance education in a college for psychological effects such as anxiety, expectation,...


The over-fluctuation of stocks prices has given rise to wide concerns of financial scholars. More and more scholars tend to believe the fundamental factors can't efficiently explain the movement of price, therefore they conclude by introducing the non-fundamental factors such as bubbles, fads or noises. In this paper, Various theories and empirical models are introduced to discuss the formation, attributes and functions of these irrational factors, and the testing methods as well.


This paper compares two different approaches for indexing archived text documents. The first approach is based on inversion of words in the text, the second on the content. A system reflecting the word inversion approach is compared against two systems reflecting the signature scanning approach and using, alternatively, superimposed coding and the concatenation of word signatures. Performances are estimated using analytical models of these systems. Characteristics are evaluated in function of office environment requirements. The evaluations derive from a model for estimating the statistical parameters of text archives.


The present invention regards a hearing aid device at least one environment sound input, a wireless sound input, an output transducer, electric circuitry, a transmitter unit, and a dedicated beamformer-noise-reduction-system. The hearing aid device is configured to be worn in or at an ear of a user. The at least one environment sound input is configured to receive sound and to generate electrical sound signals representing sound. The wireless sound input is configured to receive wireless sound signals. The output transducer is configured to stimulate hearing of the hearing aid device user. The transmitter unit is configured to transmit signals representing sound and/or voice. The dedicated beamformer-noise-reduction-system is configured to retrieve a user voice signal representing the voice of a user from the electrical sound signals. The wireless sound input is configured to be wirelessly connected to a communication device and to receive wireless sound signals from the communication device. The transmitter unit is configured to be wirelessly connected to the communication device and to transmit the user voice signal to the communication device.


The application of Composite Smart Structure in aerospace has earn more attention, especially in the monitoring of the structure. In order to monitor the impact of the structure, a method for low-speed hammering identification is proposed which is based on EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) and distributed FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating sensor) network. Firstly, the shape and clamped bearer form of composite smart structure are analyzed to optimize the layout of fiber grating sensor network. Secondly, the random position of the structure is hammered with low-energy and the FBG sensor network is used to monitor the response signal of the hammering Then, the EMD is used to analyze the response signal which is acquired by each sensor of FBG network, and calculate the correlation between the original signal and each corresponding IMF component, and the IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function) component which has maximum correlation will be used as a characteristic component of the sensor; Finally, the impact area can be identified by comparing energy value of the characteristic component of each sensor. The research shows that this method can be realized among the low-impact area identification of composite smart structure in aerospace applications.


One of the more attractive aspects of global reanalysis is the potential for more insightful and accurate studies of the relationship between tropical cyclones (TCs) and lowerfrequency components of the tropical atmosphere. Conversely, the quality of the reanalysis model precipitation physics and the analysis of the large-scale flow is strongly related to the analysis and track forecasts of TCs. Thus, the evaluation of TC performance in reanalysis serves to quantify the quality of reanalysis for tropical applications.


The search results of microbic communities in the Caucasus caves that are characterized by similar with Siberia cave conditions are given in the article. It is revealed that four of ten bacterial and fourteen of twenty three fungus isolates allocated from Sarma cave aren't capable to growth at temperature of +29°С and above. Growth rates of the allocated isolates are similar for the mesophilic soil microorganisms which have been grown up at temperature of + 20o. +25oС. The obtained data show presence of the specific microbic community adapted to low temperature (+ 6... 10oC) cave conditions. All bacteria are represented by the rods. Among fungi the representatives of Mucor, Penicillium, Fusarium species are identified, identification of the other isolates is in progress.


Nowadays due to intensive urban construction, there is a need to connect new consumers to existing heating networks. Often the connection of new consumers leads to a hydraulic misalignment of the network, which in turn affects supplying existing consumers with heat. In order to minimize the possibility of misalignment, appropriate recommendations are needed that can be obtained during the research. In the article, the authors carried out a required experiment aimed at revealing the influence of the new consumers' connection on the hydraulic stability of the entire network. The result of the research is relevant recommendations that will be useful for engineering specialists both for the design of new networks and the reconstruction of the old ones.


【Purpose: This study was done to identify practical exercise performance and to define the factors related to exercise performance in middle-aged women. Methods: The researchers collected data from 206 middle-aged women, ages 40 to 59. The measurements used were a scale for degree of exercise performance, and self-efficacy scale, affect, perceived barriers and benefits related exercise, body-shape perception, and the youngest child's education stage. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0 and SAS program using t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Exercise performance showed significant differences according to body-shape perception (F=5.45, p】


In machining operation, selection of cutting parameters is very crucial to control the required surface quality. In fact, the theoretical and real surface roughness is distinguished by the influence of various machining parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, and nose radius of cutting tool. The focus of this study is to analyse the surface roughness in dry turning of high carbon steel by varying the feed rate, cutting speed and tool nose radius. A nonlinear quadratic model is suggested that best describes the variation of surface roughness with major contribution of feed rate and then followed by interaction effect between feed rate and tool nose radius. The suggested surface roughness model is mapped within the boundaries of specified cutting parameters suitable for finishing operations.


This chapter is dedicated to reconstructing Gershom Scholem's analysis of Jewish messianism in light of political theology. Scholem's political thought is often associated with a critique of any attempt to endow Zionism with messianic traits. This chapter, instead focuses on Scholem's conception of legal authority, arguing that his historiographical work on the mystical tradition of Judaism shows that the authority of the law is a function of the abdication of divine sovereignty and of a mystical idea of God's Nothingness. Scholem articulates Jewish political theology around motifs found in Nietzsche's critique of Christianity and nihilism. His is a political theology of the law after the "death of God."


In view of the economic difference in the areas in Liaoning province becoming bigger and bigger,model of DEA is used to measures the technical efficiency in Liaoning province from 1996 to 2005.The result shows that in the technical efficiency there exists distinct difference among different cities.It also reveals that the difference has descending tendency.The paper considers the keys to promoting technical efficiency are organizational innovation and institution innovation and then it puts forward some advice for promoting technical efficiency.


The bead polymerization technique has been studied for the preparation of a sustained-release dosage form. This technique has been employed in aqueous outer phase for many water-insoluble monomers with and without drug. Different concentrations of water-soluble acidic monomers (α- and β-methacrylic acids) have been incorporated with these water-insoluble monomers in an attempt to improve the solubility and swelling property of the beads and hence the release of drug embedded in them in artificial gastrointestinal buffer juices. To prove the applicability of this method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical dosage form, the beads of various monomers and their mixtures in the presence of different drugs have been prepared. The influence of drug on the property of the beads has also been studied.


This paper focuses mainly on the performance comparison of different controllers for the Single Active Bridge based Solid State Transformer in the wind energy integration system. With less number of control switches and simple construction, the proposed system achieves voltage regulation under varying wind and load conditions. The PI, PID and fuzzy logic controllers are implemented for the high frequency transformer based DC-DC converter to achieve phase shift control. The results are compared, verified and analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform.


Unreality of the Cross-Over between Regions II and III, and on a New Region in the T-C Diagram of Polymer Solutions


In December 2003, the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America convened a workshop of pediatric gastroenterologists. The workshop was designed to highlight particular problems in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease in need of prospective clinical research. Among the issues discussed, the problem of recurrent Crohn's disease (CD) after surgery was identified as a particularly important area for future research. Population based studies have shown that roughly one third of patients with CD will require intestinal resection within 1 year of requiring corticosteroid therapy (1), and upward of 80% will undergo surgical resection of involved segments of bowel within 20 years of initial diagnosis (2). Twenty to 30% of these patients will experience a symptomatic recurrence of disease within the first year after surgery, with increasing likelihood in each subsequent year (3). Unfortunately, even in patients in whom all grossly evident CD is removed (a so-called curative resection), grossly evident and clinically symptomatic CD recurs in a high proportion of patients, such that subsequent repeated surgeries are required in 15% to 45% of patients at 3 years, 26% to 65% in 10 years, and 33% to 82% in 15 years (4). Each bowel resection carries with it significant morbidities that have major implications for the growing pediatric and adolescent patient. Consequently, it is reasonable to direct considerable efforts at preventing recurrence of CD after bowel resection. Data exist on aminosalicylate (5-ASA), antibiotic, and immunomodulator (6-mercaptopurine [6-MP] and azathioprine [AZA]) use for postoperative prophylactic therapy of CD in adults. No prospective studies have been performed in children. Thus, although surgery for CD and subsequent postoperative clinical recurrence is common, an optimal medical strategy for the prevention of recurrence is not clear. The aim of this workshop report is to highlight what is and is not known about preventing postoperative recurrence in children, with the hope that such a review will serve as a guide for future clinical outcome studies in children with CD who require surgery.


Clinical observations and results from animal studies indicate that nicotine may play a role in vascular disorders related to smoking. It has been reported that nicotine could alter vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) production and increase the number of circulating endothelial cells. In the present study, the direct effect of nicotine on endothelial cells in culture was investigated : Both PGI2 production and proliferative abilities were studied. PGI2 production studies : human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were grown in 4 days to confluency in control medium (RPM/199 1:1 + 20% fetal calf serum). At the beginning of the experiments, medium was replaced by tyrode Hepes buffer added or not with nicotine at different concentrations (0.05,0.5, 5, 50 or 200 ug/ml). Basal production of PGI2, assessed after 20 minutes, was significantly increased by 0.5 ug/ml nicotine (223% of control) ; subsequently thrombin (1 U/ml) stimulated release was measured after 5 minutes, it was dose dependently decreased by nicotine. Thus, at least in basal conditions, nicotine treatment of HUVEC alone in culture did not permit us to reproduce the inhibitory effects described on models involving smooth muscle cells in addition to the endothelial cells. Otherwise, nicotine could interfere with stimulating agents such as thrombin. Investigations on the effect of these agents in combination are currently in progress Proliferation studies : Cells were grown in nicotine or control medium. Proliferation ability, estimated by the increase in cell number at daily interval was slighly increased in cultures receiving 0.05 ug/ml nicotine (110.4% of control). This tendancy was confirmed by 3H Thymidine incorporation (+41%). On the contrary a decrease in cell density was observed for the highest concentrations, from 50 ug/ml. This later effect did not seem to be related to any cytotoxicity or cell detachment. Thus, endothelial cells appeared to be highly responsive to nicotine in their PGI2 production while their growth characteristics were rather resistant to nicotine treatment.


We show that length initial submodels of S12 can be extended to a model of weak second order arithmetic. As a corollary we show that the theory of length induction for polynomially bounded second order existential formulae cannot define the function division.


Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method, we study the self-healing behavior of graphene after bombarded by fullerene (C60) through controlling the environmental temperature and the incident velocity of C60. The self-healing probability depends on the size of graphene, the velocity of fullerene (C60), and the temperature of heat baths. It is suggested that the self-healing in damaged graphene originates from thermal fluctuation. Our results can offer additional insights for further understanding self-healing mechanisms and bombardment phenomena in low dimensional materials. Additionally, controlling the bombardment between the graphene and the fullerene (C60) may also lead to some potential applications in the surface cleaning of graphene and the production of nanopore.


When misonidazole is present during irradiation of hypoxic mammalian cells, an enhancement of single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA is observed. Oxygen also enhances SSB, presumably in a manner similar to that of misonidazole. The dose-modifying factor (DMF) for 15 mM misonidazole was found to be 3.4, compared to an oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 3.5. Another class of DNA damage, namely, sites exposed by an extract of Micrococcus luteus, was examined. Radiation-induced M. luteus extract-sensitive sites (MLS) were also found to be enhanced by the presence of misonidazole or molecular oxygen. The DMF for this damage by 15 mM misonidazole was 1.6 while the OER was 2.5. The ratio of MLS to SSB is approximately 1.25 under hypoxia, 0.9 in the presence of oxygen, and 0.6 in the presence of 15 mM misonidazole under hypoxic conditions. Incubation with misonidazole under conditions which are toxic to mammalian cells (37/sup 0/C, hypoxia), and which result in many SSB, produces no detectable lesions sensitive to the M. luteus extract.


This paper presents a research work in which the stability of a multi‐storeyed building in reinforced concrete, with two visible macrocracks periodically subjected to visual inspection, is assessed by the acoustic emission (AE) technique. The observed proportionality between the rates of recorded AE activity from the cracks and the measured crack growth rates confirms significantly the effectiveness of the AE technique for damage evolution assessment in structural elements. The AE activity has been correlated with the size of the source crack advancements by some fitting relationships established using models from Damage Mechanics, Fracture Mechanics and Geophysics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ideally a metric evaluating an abstract system summary should represent the extent to which the system-generated summary approximates the semantic inference conceived by the reader using a human-written reference summary. Most of the previous approaches relied upon word or syntactic sub-sequence overlap to evaluate system-generated summaries. Such metrics cannot evaluate the summary at semantic inference level. Through this work we introduce the metric of Semantic Similarity for Abstractive Summarization (SSAS), which leverages natural language inference and paraphrasing techniques to frame a novel approach to evaluate system summaries at semantic inference level. SSAS is based upon a weighted composition of quantities representing the level of agreement, contradiction, independence, paraphrasing, and optionally ROUGE score between a system-generated and a human-written summary.


A TOP CHEMICAL INDUSTRY official urged Congress on Nov. 17 to lift the generation-old moratorium on natural gas production along the U.S.'s outer continental shelf, warning that the consequences of insufficient supplies will soon become "painfully clear" to all U.S. consumers. If U.S. natural gas prices do not return to their historically affordable levels, American Chemistry Council President Jack I Gerard told a panel of the House Resources Committee, the nation's key manufacturing industries will accelerate the transfer of operations and jobs overseas, where the cost of energy is much cheaper. "Paying the highest natural gas prices in the world puts Americabased manufacturing at a severe competitive disadvantage, and this is a largely self-inflicted wound," Gerard testified. "What I can't predict is how Congress will respond to this crisis. There has never been a better or more critical time to pass natural gas supply legislation." The committee is considering ...


Compared with CHFR,which is widely used at present,Russian through casing resistivity logging technology has many advantages,such as not requiring well cleanout,great detection depth and higher practicability.This paper analyzed the logging theory and technical characteristics of Russian through casing resistivity tool,and summed up the data application of nearly fifty wells which had successfully acquired materials.Fairly satisfactory application results were obtained in such aspects as the determination of the situation of the virgin formation oiliness,the monitoring of the dynamics of water injection,the checking of the movement of the edge and bottom water,the search for the potential formation in the old wells,and the study of the potentiality and the distribution of remaining oil.These results provide reliable references for deploying new wells and regulating blocks.It is thus thought that Russian through casing resistivity logging technology can be widely applied to the remaining oil evaluation in old wells and blocks.


The sulphonation of polyethersulphone(PES) with oleums gave sulphonated polyethersulphone(SPES) with high sulphonation degree and solubility in water. Results show that the acid strengths of SPES are in 8.2≤-H 0≤11.9 and the catalytic activity and selectivety of SPES are proportional to the sulphonation degree of SPES. The SPES is deactivated rather slowly under experimental conditions.


The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two human retroviruses i?½ human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2).


[Objective]To understand the tendency and epidemic features of syphilis in Tongliao city,1996-2010,so as to provide basis for working out the strategies of prevention and control of syphilis in the future.[Methods]Analysis was made on the epidemic distribution of syphilis in Tongliao city,1996-2010.[Results]1 474 syphilis cases were reported during 1999-2010,up year by year,the incidence was 3.17/105.Syphilis cases were most Ⅰ of syphilis,715,recessive syphilis was the second.The incidence of male was 1.63/105,the incidence of female was 1.55/105;syphilis was the highest in the 20-29 age group,32.80%;The first three occupation:farmer,jobless and others,35.10%,20.00/% and 16.60% respectivelyly.[Conclusion]The tendency goes up in overall incidence of syphilis,mainly young adults and farmers.


This work proposes the term "hydroosmotic pressure" to define hydrostatic pressure emerging from an osmotic process during solvent diffusion through membranes. The usage of this term potentially clears the ambiguity of the term "osmotic pressure," referring to the concentration of dissolved solids in a solution regardless of the existence of hydrostatic pressure. Hydroosmotic pressure is the difference between hydrostatic pressures on either side of the membrane; thus, the term "hydroosmotic pressure" allows for the most correct definition of many processes associated with osmotic phenomena.


Email of the presenting author: firstname.lastname@example.com The methods of X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed information on molecular structure and dynamics. At the cellular level, optical microscopy reveals the spatial distribution and dynamics of molecules tagged with fluorophores. Electron microscopy (EM) overlaps with these approaches, covering a broad range from atomic to cellular structures. In this field single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is used to resolve the three-dimensional structure of large macromolecular complexes. The specimen to be analyzed is prepared by rapid cooling of a thin layer of an aqueous solution of macromolecules on an EM grid, a thin amorphous layer of ice is formed, in which objects are visible without any staining agent. Because of recent progress in the EM and image processing methods, cryo-EM has become a major tool for structural biology in the molecular to cellular size range. We decided to use single particle cryo-EM to investigate the structural interactions in the archaellum. Both bacteria and archaea use their flagellum to swim towards favorable conditions. The bacterial flagella assembly system is related to the type III secretion system, however archaella (Jarrell & Albers, Trends Microbiol. 20, 307-12, 2012) contain proteins that are homologous to type IV pilus components. It is therefore interesting to understand the assembly mechanics of archaella and their evolutionary connection to the known surface appendages, e.g., flagella and type IV pili in gram-negative bacteria. We are focusing on understanding the archaella assembly via characterizing homologously and heterologously expressed Fla genes and building an interaction map of the different Fla proteins. Our first targets are interactions between three proteins involved in archaellum assembly and rotation: FlaX, a 28-kDa monotopic membrane protein, essential for crenarchaeal archaella assembly, that shares a distant similarity with methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins; FlaH, a predicted soluble ATP-binding protein and FlaI, an ATPase that hexamerizes upon binding ATP (Reindl et al., Mol. Cell 49, 1–14, 2013). FlaX forms high molecular weight complexes. To study the oligomeric state of FlaX directly, we performed cryo-EM and found that in vitro FlaX forms rings of various sizes with a diameter of 26–38 nm (Banerjee et al., JBC 287, 43322–30, 2012). Class averages display a rotational symmetry of 15–23, 18 and 19 being most common (Fig. 1). Biochemical experiments show that FlaX and FlaH interact. Preliminary results suggest that FlaH binds to the inside of the FlaX ring (Fig. 2).


The present disclosure generally relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst. In certain embodiments, a method is provided for modulating the reactivity of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising the catalyst being post-treated with at least two different salt solutions. In some embodiments, the treatment results in the deposition of one or more metals onto the surface of the catalyst. In further embodiments, method is also provided of using the silver catalyst to generate an epoxide from an olefin.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the senile intertrochanteric fracture treated with Gamma nail.Methods All 396 case with intertrochanteric fractures were treated with Gamma nail and early postoperative rehabilitation.Results Incisional wound of 8 cases got infection,and got per secundam intentionem after treatment.All cases were followed up for 12~24 months and obtained bony union without complication.According to the Han's criteria,the results were excellent in 270 cases,good in 100 cases and fair in 26 cases.Conclusion It is an ideal method to treat elderly intertrochanteric fractures with Gamma nail for its little wound,good union of fracture,and fast recovery.


Unprecedented changes in the binational management of the Great Lakes are underway. Problems and programs to solve them increasingly are being considered on an ecosystem (comprehensive, integrated management) basis. Multipurpose management philosophies adopted in both Canada and the United States have evolved slowly in the Great Lakes. The International Joint Commission (IJC) has transmitted an 'Advisory' to the two Governments which will have far-reaching, long-term effects. The paper outlines Great Lakes developments; reports on the forces for change from single purpose to ecosystem management; summarizes the IJC 'Advisory' to the governments; and concludes with recommendations for 'next steps. '


Abstract Schools can address the barriers to the educational success of students by utilizing the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model in the areas of health services, counseling, psychological and social services. Health and Physical Education (PE) teachers are uniquely positioned to assist in the reduction of physical and mental health barriers to learning by participating in the WSCC team; and to help integrate plans to address academic, behavioral, social, and emotional needs. Their unique role as experts in health and physical activity also allows the time and format to integrate health and mental health systems of support within their curriculum. Health and PE teachers can work within the existing programs and frameworks utilized in schools to promote a positive school environment and improve the physical and mental well-being of students.


Objective:The aim of this paper is to investigate the protective effect and related mechanisms of Safflor Yellow (SY )against rat myocardial ischemia. Method: Ischemic change in Lead Ⅱ ECG in rats subjected to Isoprenaline (ISOP) was observed. The variance in parameters including heart rate in vivo, coronary flow and stroke rate in coronary-perfused hearts in vitro were recorded.Result: The ECG changes induced by ISOP and heart rate in vivo were reduced by SY. In vitro, the decrease in both heart rate and coronary flow were ameliorated by SY. Conclusion:Ischemic myocardial damage can be ameliorated effectively by SY and myocardial perfusion improvement may be one of the mechanisms. [


With the depletion of land available for agricultural crop cultivation, farmers must take steps to enhance the crop production in order to provide food to the population, improve their livelihood, and generate income. Although there are many methods of cultivation such as greenhouse cultivation and ponic systems to alleviate the problem of land scarcity, those methods may be very expensive. But intercropping can be identified as a method of cultivation to increase the productivity of the land with lower costs, where it involves cultivation of two or more crops together with each other. All the intercropping combinations would not be successful depending on the competition for light, space, time, nutrients and water as well as on the interaction between each. In this context, scientists have identified indices to evaluate the degree of compatibility of each crop combinations. These indices will determine whether any particular crops can be grown in combined to increase the productivity. Authors reviewed the published information and summarized the results. The objective of compiling this review was to gather information of various intercropping researches on intercropping indices and to show the degree of success or unsuccess of each and every crop combination. This paper provides a great idea on the resource use efficiency and advantage of intercropping while giving comparative ideas on selecting crop combinations for intercropping systems. For the compilation, many research articles on various crop combinations were studied and the most important and valuable data were gathered in this paper. This paper would be very much useful for researchers who are going to experiments with the studies related to intercropping.


Many students struggle to succeed in postsecondary education (Flippo & Caverly, 2009). For students with learning disabilities, postsecondary studies can be especially challenging. In part, challenges may be the result of demanding academic workloads and seemingly uncaring environments where students are expected to demonstrate independence and self-advocacy often in face of ignorance and insensitivity to those with disabilities (Estrada, Dupoux, & Wolman, 2006; Hitchings et al., 2010; Getzel & Thoma, 2008; Reed et al., 2006; Tsagris & Muirhead, 2012). In order to enhance the learning experiences of postsecondary students with learning disabilities, the Government Ontario formed the Learning Opportunity Task Force (LOFT) almost two decades ago (Tsagris & Muirhead, 2012) with the intent of providing these students with specialized services delivered by learning strategists and assistive technologists (Nichols, Harrison, McCloskey, & Weintraub, 2002). Harrison, Areepattamannil and Freeman (2012) documented substantial gains associated with LOTF programming including increased student GPAs relative to national averages, self-advocacy and understanding of LD, with students also indicating that they value the services provided by learning strategists (Graham-Smith & Lafayette, 2004; Harrison et al., 2012). Today, the provision of services to students with disabilities is mandatory in all Ontario postsecondary institutions, with the position of some learning strategists seemingly evolving to include the provision of general disability services within student disability centres (Tsagris & Muirhead, 2012). Despite their required presence, there are few studies exploring these primary service providers' professional beliefs and experiences. This basic interpretative study (Merriam, 2002) was completed to provide voice to those who serve in the role of learning strategist. Three university, two college-based and one college/university-based learning strategists completed 2-3, semi-structured interviews (90-120 minutes) throughout the summer and fall terms. The learning strategists ranged in professional training and experiences and were presently employed in one of four medium-sized postsecondary institutions in Southern Ontario. Interviews were open-ended, with participants asked to elaborate on their daily interactions with students and faculty, factors that facilitated or impeded their role enactment, and beliefs about learning at the postsecondary level. Participants were also asked to comment on any perceived changes in their duties and responsibilities as related to their careers as learning strategists. Beyond descriptive information about participants' daily activities, data analysis involved a review of the role of the learning strategist position as originally conceptualized (Harrison et al., 2012). Analyses also focused on perceived tensions and dilemmas between participants' beliefs and institutional parameters and orientations toward disability (e.g., medical model versus critical disability theories; Rocco & Delgado, 2011). For instance, some participants expressed tension related to the advocacy and provision of accommodations in context of institutional parameters for disability services and professional standards of practice. Similarly, participants discussed dilemmas related to students' academic freedoms related to program selection versus the intersections between students' abilities and program requirements. Others discussed tensions related to their position within the institute in context of interactions with faculty and academic programming. Implications and recommendations for adult educators who work with students with disabilities are discussed.


Classroom discussions around race and difference are often difficult and challenging. We all come to our social interactions as products of our cultural selves, race being one of a myriad of multi-faceted characteristics. Therefore, while many feel that race is something that is discussed ad nauseam, others feel that such discussions rarely scratch the surface. This exercise uses the Implicit Association Test on race to encourage students to reflect upon and examine their hidden biases and address the role those biases play in potential communicative interactions, decisions, actions, and even emotions that they, the students, likely have of people of a particular race. Given the centrality of communication to our behaviors, worldview, identity, and relationships, this assignment is not only relevant to the discipline, but it can be used in several communication courses. Although students initially respond with resistance to seeing their own biases, subsequent written reflection and class discussion provide them the opportunity to see how powerfully prior associations impact them, how communication plays a vital role in the process through which those biases are created and perpetuated, and how negative associations can be overcome.


The adaptive wall concept requires that to obtain unconfined flow conditions in a wind tunnel in the presence of any model it is necessary and sufficient to match independent measured flow variables on a surface near the tunnel boundary with flow variables which satisfy the unconfined, undisturbed boundary condition at infinity. The technique was employed at a limited number of test conditions to adjust individually the variable porosity walls of the AEDC Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel (4T) in order to minimize wall interference effects on a generalized transonic model configuration. Data improvement was demonstrated for each set of conditions. A procedural description and results of the experiment are presented. Nomenclature CD = drag coefficient CL = lift coefficient Cm = pitching moment coefficient CP = pressure coefficient CTS = captive trajectory system h = tunnel width k = relaxation factor MO, = Mach number P = pressure S = control surface s = model wing span v — perturbation velocity normal to top and bottom walls w = perturbation velocity normal to side walls x = longitudinal dimension y = lateral dimension, see Fig. 3 z = vertical dimension, see Fig. 3 a = angle of attack r = wall porosity, % = perturbation velocity potential (nondimensionalized)


Taha et al. [1] evaluate the consequence of choosing a frame structure type in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks based non-transparent relay stations (ntRS). In the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.16j-2009 protocol, two frame structure types are possible: single frame and multi frame. From performance evaluation point of view, a comparison has never been investigated. The authors suggest to expand on Light WiMAX ns2 add-on to support ntRS, the two frame structure types, in addition to the relevant operational requirements [e.g., quality of service (QoS)]. They show that the multi-frame structure allows higher throughput and voice capacities whereas the single frame shows some general advantage in terms of delay. De Grandia et al. [2] focus on the extension of the high level architecture (HLA) standard with balancing techniques to be used during simulation. The authors studied some balancing approaches to provide a sub-optimal solution for the imbalance issues. But, these approaches are limited to some simulation aspects. Also, a hierarchical balancing scheme was proposed that presents several drawbacks that are related to the centralization of the core part of the scheme, the redistribution algorithm, which is susceptible to bottlenecks, overheads, global synchronization, and single point of failure. Therefore, a scheme based on a distributed algorithm to rearrange the computational and communication load dynamically is proposed. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the distributed scheme when compared with the scheme based on a centralized redistribution algorithm. The experimental results show that the distributed balancing technique can provide balancing efficiency similar to the centralized technique or even improve the performance gain for some specific cases. Gidenstam et al. [3] propose the cluster consistency model that bridges the gap between traditional and current approaches in supporting both scalability and ordered event delivery. The study introduces a dynamic and fault tolerant cluster management method that can coordinate concurrent access to resources in a peer-to-peer system and can be used to establish fault-tolerant configurable cluster consistency with predictable reliability, running on top of decentralized probabilistic protocols supporting scalable group communication. This paper provides analytical and experimental evaluation of the properties regarding the fault tolerance of the approach. Anderson [4] shows that the combination of various methods for information research significantly enhance the search results. The author explores context data, using query enhancement techniques, and appropriately fusing the results to provide the best ordering when presenting the results to the user. Context data includes a users personal calendar, location, preferences, personal vocabulary, and peer recommendations. Query enhancement involves utilizing relevant contextual information to decorate a users query text to produce a more focused query. Information fusion allows the query results to be compared and re-ordered using contextual data by utilizing either a sum of products, a Bayesian technique, or a combination of the two. Finally, she has performed a case study. Othman and Saavedra [5] describe IBCHWMP, a secure Hybrid-Wireless-Mesh Protocol (HWMP) using Identity Based Cryptography (IBC) over the IEEE P802.11s/D4.0 protocol. IBC has been used because it does not need to verify the authenticity of public keys. IBC mechanism has implemented to secure control messages in HWMP, namely Path Request and Path Reply. Authors focus on secure data exchange in mutable fields. Through extensive ns-3 simulations, results show that the overhead introduced by IBC-HWMP is not significant compared with the classical HWMP. Brust et al. [6] present a novel and scalable approach for positioning of mobile sensor nodes with the goal of monitoring the Amazon river. The actors in the scenario are stationary and positioned


Characteristic 1.54 μm 4f-4f emission has been observed from Er3+ centers in Er-implanted and annealed, low-temperature grown GaAs:Be samples, while cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal very little structural damage for elevated temperature implants. No Er emission was observed from any of the as-implanted samples, while the Er emission intensity was significantly more intense after 650 °C anneals than after 750 °C anneals. Significant enhancement of the optically active Er incorporation was achieved when the implantation was carried out at 300 °C. For the two total Er fluences employed (5.5×1013 and 13.6×1013 Er/cm2) the Er emission intensity exhibited a linear dependence upon implantation fluence, while TEM indicated no significant increase in the damage level at the higher fluence 300 °C implant.


Sales is an element that plays an important role for the company, because of this
activity the company earns revenue to be used as a source of funding for corporate
survival. While the Controller is the executive manager responsible for corporate
accounting functions. Controller coordinates the participation of management in the
planning and control to achieve corporate objectives in determining the effectiveness
of policies and in formulating organizational structures and procedures. With the
growing company, of course, sales activity will increasingly play an important role.
Therefore, management needs a good internal control of sales activities for the
implementation is done effectively and efficiently and achieve company goals. In this
regard, the study sought to identify variables that influence the effectiveness of sales
at PT INTI (Persero). The variables used include the adequacy of internal control of
sales and sales effectiveness. Samples taken using purposive sampling method. The
method used in this research is descriptive method with approach of case studies.
Champion used as a model method of data analysis. The results showed that sales of
internal controls implemented in PT INTI (Persero) is adequate. Sales of adequate
internal controls contributes to the effectiveness of sales.


Chapter 5 explores the origins of Jacob Robinson and Shabtai Rosenne's ambivalence towards the Genocide Convention and Raphael Lemkin. At its core was their reading of the Convention as the extension of interwar protection of minority rights—in essence, as a programme of Diaspora Nationalism. The Convention was predicated on a competing model of Jewish nationalism that, following Simon Dubnow, identified the Diaspora—not Palestine—as the proper locus for Jewish national revival. It challenged Zionism's core assumptions about the Jewish condition and the solution it prescribed to the 'Jewish Question'. A return to minority rights, after the Holocaust, undermined Zionism's achievement of majority status in Palestine and negated the need for a Jewish state to guarantee the protection of Jews. Both Robinson and Rosenne had previously subscribed to Dubnow's teachings; the chapter traces their ideological transformations: from investment in to disenchantment with national autonomy, minority rights, and Dubnow's theories.


In this study, we applied regularized back-propagation neural network (BPNN), which made use of a performance function different from normal BPNN, to predict daily flow. On the other hand, Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) -algorithm-based BPNN was also used to compare its prediction performance with that of regularized BPNN. From 1979 to 1998, precipitation and stream flow data in Xitiaoxi watershed for 20 years were collected. All these data were divided into 2 sets: one was the training set (1979-1988), and the other was the testing set (1989-1998). The mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of efficiency (CE) were used to evaluate the performance of these two algorithms. The results indicated that regularized BPNN could enhance generalization ability and avoid over fitting effectively, and it outperformed BFGS-algorithm-based BPNN during training and testing stages. From this study, it could be found that regularized BPN is appropriate for rainfall-runoff modeling due to its simple structure and high accuracy.


Along with the continuously development of computer network technology especially in sport information,to search and communicate academic information of soccer by web becomes an inevitable trend.The research puts forward the theoretical speculation that builds up the first soccer academic website of China(soccer academic website for China).Aiming at this speculation and by methods of literature,logic analysis,comparison analysis,expert interview,questionnaire and others,this research carries out investigation about the demand and target of this website,including its important of content and construction flow chart.The purpose of this research is to provide reference for building up academic soccer websites for China.


p-type transparent conducting Cu-Al-O films were successfully prepared by using direct current(DC) magnetron reactive co-sputtering deposition with Cu and Al metallic targets.The samples were tested by atomic force microscopy(AFM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),4-point probe,UV-VIS spectrophotometer,respectively.The results show that the crystallization and electrical conductivity of the p-type transparent conducting Cu-Al-O films are improved after being annealed at high temperature.The average transmittance of the films in visible region approximates 70%.The forbidden band width of the film is about 3.75 eV.


The prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN) has become progressively more favorable thanks to the introduction of cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate as the mainstay of induction of remission treatment regimens. However, 10-15% of patients still progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early predictors of ESRD, i.e. in the first six months between kidney biopsy and the completion of induction, are currently limited to few histological and clinical features: ≥ 25% interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), fibrinoid necrosis, fibrous crescents, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) [Rijnink EC et al CJASN 2017; Song D Arthritis Res Ther 2013]; lack of decrease in proteinuria < 0.5 g/24-h at 3 and 6 months from kidney biopsy [Tamirou F Ann Rheum Dis 2016], baseline GFR ≤ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, lack of decrease in urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) < 1 and anti-dsDNA positivity at the end of induction [Dall'Era M Lupus Sci Med 2015]. In this study we sought to identify further clinical and histological predictors of ESRD in LN.

 Adult patients diagnosed with LN between 1995 and 2018 in two centers (NIAMS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, and Nefrologia, AOU di Parma, Italy) were retrospectively identified. Patients with available serum C3 and C4 levels at the time of biopsy and 6 months thereafter, and a follow-up of at least 6 months, were included. Baseline and follow-up data (until March 2019) including age, sex, ethnicity, clinical, histological and laboratory findings were collected. Histology slides were reviewed by an experienced renal pathologist and biopsies re-scored using the ISN/RPS classification and NIH activity and chronicity indices. Distinct histological features were assessed individually (e.g. TMA). Persistent C3 hypocomplementemia was defined as decreased serum C3 levels at the time of biopsy and after 6 months (i.e. after the completion of induction), with concurrent normal serum C4 levels at 6 months. Early renal recovery was defined as either an increase in eGFR above 60 in those with a baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, or a 50% decrease in proteinuria in those with a baseline eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and ≥ 0.5 g/24-h or g/g UPCR at the time of biopsy.
 Variables were tested for their predictive power of death-censored ESRD in univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.

 74 patients (NIAMS n = 36; Parma n = 38) met our criteria. Median follow-up duration was 64 months (range 6-230). On univariate analysis, the following parameters predicted ESRD: Hispanic ethnicity; age at biopsy; persistent C3 hypocomplementemia; normalization of both C3 and C4; renal recovery after induction; NIH activity index; presence of TMA; ≥ 25% IFTA. Multivariate Cox regression models for ESRD were created considering statistically significant variables (p < 0.05). In a model including Hispanic ethnicity, age at biopsy, and persistent C3 hypocomplementemia, the latter predicted ESRD with an HR of 5.22 (95% CI [1.33, 20.58] p = 0.018) when adjusting for renal recovery after induction. Upon including histological features in the model, persistent C3 hypocomplementemia, TMA, and the NIH activity index lost significance, while ≥ 25% IFTA predicted ESRD with an HR of 27.26 (95% CI [2.12, 350.54], p = 0.011).

 In patients with LN, ≥ 25% IFTA at baseline biopsy is a predictor of ESRD, allowing for early risk stratification with the potential of informing treatment strategies. Where percent IFTA is unavailable or its assessment unreliable (e.g. inadequate biopsy specimen for tubulointerstitial assessment), persistent C3 hypocomplementemia represents a reliable and reproducible early predictor of ESRD, irrespective of early renal recovery after induction.


Background:  Asthma and obesity are associated disorders, but the contribution of obesity to difficult‐to‐treat asthma as well as the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) and factors related with asthma severity in patients with difficult‐to‐treat asthma.


A new way of modeling and prediction in oil fields based on the SVR is proposed in this paper.And the primal-dual algorithm is used to solve the dual programming in SVR algorithm.Support Vector regression is adopted to predict the pressure of test wells in oil fields.The application example shows that it is highly precise and the above new algorithm is applied to modeling and testing prediction for test well system.The average relative errors of modeling and prediction are within 1%.


Cosmology places the strongest current limits on the sum of neutrino masses. Future observations will further improve the sensitivity and this will require accurate cosmological simulations to quantify possible systematic uncertainties and to make predictions for non-linear scales, where much information resides. However, shot noise arising from neutrino thermal motions limits the accuracy of simulations. In this paper, we introduce a new method for simulating large-scale structure formation with neutrinos that accurately resolves the neutrinos down to small scales and significantly reduces the shot noise. The method works by tracking perturbations to the neutrino phase-space distribution with particles and reduces shot noise in the power spectrum by a factor of $\mathcal {O}\left(10^2\right)$ at z = 0 for minimal neutrino masses and significantly more at higher redshifts, without neglecting the back-reaction caused by neutrino clustering. We prove that the method is part of a family of optimal methods that minimize shot noise subject to a maximum deviation from the non-linear solution. Compared to other methods, we find per mille level agreement in the matter power spectrum and per cent level agreement in the large-scale neutrino bias, but large differences in the neutrino component on small scales. A basic version of the method can easily be implemented in existing N-body codes and allows neutrino simulations with significantly reduced particle load. Further gains are possible by constructing background models based on perturbation theory. A major advantage of this technique is that it works well for all masses, enabling a consistent exploration of the full neutrino parameter space.


While the capacity of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has received considerable attention, the issue of end-to-end latency has been largely ignored. As military MANETs get larger and denser with an increasing number of end-to-end hops, the latency and jitter experienced by packets will be prohibitively high for existing and emerging real-time applications. We present and study a novel mechanism called CAPS (Channel Access over Path Segments) for reducing end-to-end latency. The key idea behind CAPS is to reserve the floor multiple hops (a path segment) at a time. This is accomplished by using multi-hop RTS and CTS frames that acquire the access rights for an entire segment toward the destination, with virtual carrier sense acting on a path basis. Our architecture also includes a cut-through physical layer that pipelines a bit stream through the receive and transmit chains. We present a numerical analysis of the relative performance gain from our ideas, complemented by a simulation-based analysis. Our study shows that, depending upon the parameters used, a 3x to 8x reduction in latency over current systems is possible.


This study investigated the effectiveness of three techniques for informing sixth-grade students of content area information. Students were taught content area information through either a graphic organizer strategy, a directed reading strategy, or an SQ3R strategy. Students were also taught content area information in either a group social structure or an individual, independent work structure. The results of the study suggest that the use of a graphic organizer strategy in a group social structure is more effective in facilitating comprehension of content area information than a graphic organizer strategy used in an independent structure or a directed reading strategy used in a group structure. Results of a transfer test revealed that the graphic organizer and the SQ3R strategies were more effective than the directed reading approach.


We describe a case of eosinophilic pneumonia in which plasma cells appeared in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). A 49-year-old man presented with wheezing, lung infiltrates, peripheral eosinophilia, and extremely high IgE levels in serum and BALF. A differential count of BALF revealed 56.6 percent lymphocytes and 1.3 percent plasma cells. The appearance of plasma cells suggests local maturation of B cells and represents a morphologic proof of local production of immunoglobulins. The increased number of lymphocytes suggests their role in B cell differentiation via the lymphokine network.


According to the present invention, a uniform high and the polishing removal rate, long life, the polishing pad is provided for the surface polishing of the semiconductor integrated circuit creation wafer. Preferably, the polishing pad of the present invention includes a non-porous photocurable resin to fill the gap between the nonwoven fabric (substrate) and nonwoven, hydrophilic photopolymerizable polymer or oligomer to the substrate, and / or hydrophilic light selected from the group consisting of polymerizable monomer is impregnated with a photosensitive resin composition comprising at least one, then obtained by photocuring.


The study is concerned with alcoholism and drug depedence as causal and as associated factors in psychiatric hospital admissions in New South Wales. During the 1966–1970 period, the only significant increase among first admissions occurred in the 10 to 19 age group: the proportion of admissions with the primary diagnosis of drug dependence increased from 3% to 5%. Among both first and repeated admissions, the proportion with a primary diagnosis of alcoholism (including alcoholic psychosis) was approximately seven times greater than that with drug dependence (15% and 2%, and 20% and 2.9% respectively). The proportion of admissions with a secondary diagnosis of alcoholism was also significantly greater than the proportion with a secondary diagnosis of drug dependence (7.6% and 5.3%); a secondary diagnosis of alcoholism was significantly more common than that of drug dependence in 9 out of 12 psychiatric diagnoses. In both the primary and secondary diagnosis of drug dependence, the most commonly abused drugs were barbiturates (14.5%), followed by amphetamine (5.7%) and opium (2.6%). Significantly more patients with a primary diagnosis of alcoholism than with that of drug dependence had longer periods of hospitalization. The relative 'severity' of the problems of alcoholism and drug dependence is discussed in the light of the relevant literature.


Some radioactive nuclides such as Cs+, Co2+ produced as a result of the operation of nuclear power plants have to be removed and stored [1]. For removing the nuclides in the effluent and liquid wastes, both ion exchange and adsorption technologies are used because of easy and economical application. After capturing them, the asspent materials are mixed with glass materials as binders and fixed through the vitrification, which is performed at high temperature (>1,000 °C), and there is a disadvantage of volatilization of low boiling point elements [2]. Thus, replacing glass binders for vitrification is a more safe and economical way. Recently, the low-temperature consolidation technology called cold-sintering is developed for making spent adsorbents into the waste matrix without binders [3]. The main element of the Allophanes is amorphous aluminosilicate, which can adsorb the bulky cations which microporous material could not capture [4]. Moreover, it is an easy and inexpensive to synthesize amorphous aluminosilicate powder. Thus, we used the material for adsorption and analyzed the durability of the immobilized binder-free matrix.


In this thesis we compute the BP cohomology of BP . This is done by contrasting the two different associated gradeds for BP *BP provided by the Adams spectral sequence and the universal coefficient spectral sequence to prove that both spectral sequences collapse to their E2 terms. The same technique is used to provide a splitting of BP ABP and to prove a proposition crucial to the proof that holim k P -kABP splits as a product of suspensions of BP 's. The results for BP *BP are used to construct generalized Brown-Gitler spectra over BP .


Background:Measures of immune outcomes in youth who initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) early in HIV infection are limited. Design:Adolescent Trials Network 061 examined changes over 48 weeks of cART in T-cell subsets and markers of T-cell and macrophage activation in subjects with pre-therapy CD4 > 350 cells/mm3. All subjects had optimal viral suppression from weeks 24 through 48. Methods:Subjects (n = 48) initiated cART with tenofovir/emtricitabine plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir. Data were collected at baseline and weeks 12, 24, and 48. Trends were compared to uninfected controls. Results:Significant increases over 48 weeks were noted in all CD4 populations, including total, naive, central memory (CM), and effector memory RO (EM RO) and effector memory RA (EM RA), whereas numbers of CM and EM RO CD8 cells declined significantly. By week 48, CD4 naive cells were similar to controls, whereas CM CD4 cells remained significantly lower and EM RO and EM RA subsets were significantly higher. CD38 and HLA DR expression, both individually and when co-expressed, decreased over 48 weeks of cART on CD8 cells but remained significantly higher than controls at week 48. In contrast, markers of macrophage activation measured by sCD14 and sCD163 in plasma did not change with cART and were significantly higher than controls. Conclusions:In youth initiating early cART, CD4 cell reconstitution is robust with decreases in CD8 cells. However, CD8 T-cell and macrophage activation persists at higher levels than uninfected controls.


This paper studies the multicast precoding problem in frame-based multigateway multibeam satellite communications with feeder link interference. We formulate a sum rate maximization problem that incorporates the minimum signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) requirement for each user, the sum power constraint at each gateway as well as the per feed power constraints at the satellite. We propose two algorithms to solve the formulated problem. In the first algorithm, by employing the successive convex approximation (SCA) approach, we iteratively approximate the original nonconvex problem to a second-order cone program (SOCP) which can be solved by modern solvers efficiently. For the second, we propose a modified joint power control and beamforming algorithm which computes QoS beamforming and geometric programming (GP) based power allocation iteratively. Compared to the traditional method [5] which uses a subgradient and projection based approach for the power control, the GP based solution is more implementation friendly and practical appealing which also achieves a slightly better sum rate performance. Finally, numerical results are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed schemes.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the prescription patterns of antimicrobial drugs in the private sector in Umtata.

DESIGN
Descriptive, retrospective study.

SETTING
Umtata Pharmacy, Umtata (a town in the Eastern Cape).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prescription patterns and quality of prescription indicators.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of all prescriptions for antimicrobial drugs between 1 January and 31 December 2000, noting the method of payment, number of drugs, use of generic or brand name, and also whether or not the following were stated: diagnosis, dose, dosage form, dosing interval and duration of treatment.

RESULTS
There were 2352 prescriptions, of which 57.7% were paid through medical aid; 41.7% by cash, while 0.6% of the prescriptions had no form of payment stated. Only 10.4% of prescriptions used generic names exclusively; 83.2% used brand names alone and 6.4% had both generic and brand names. The form of payment apparently influenced the number of items per prescription, with the average number for medical aid prescriptions higher than for those paid for in cash (2.71 vs. 2.11; p < 0.001). Of the prescriptions 12.5% had five or more drugs. The diagnosis was not stated in 94.3% of prescriptions, the dose and duration of treatment were not properly stated in 53.3% and 59.6% of prescriptions respectively. The dosage forms and dosing intervals were stated in 99% and 85% of prescriptions, respectively. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were amoxycillin, metronidazole and ketoconazole.

CONCLUSION
The low rate of generic prescribing and the incomplete nature of many prescriptions are a cause for concern. Their cost implications and possible effect on the effective use of antimicrobial agents are discussed.


Cellular aging is an irreversible process that is poorly understood. The process of aging however, has been correlated with other processes including the shortening of telomeres. While telomere shortening has dominated the current literature on aging, we are motivated by the recent work of Bennett-Bakeret al., in which another such correlation was discovered. This correlation is between age and the reactivation of genes on the inactive X-chromosomes in female mice. We propose two mathematical models to investigate the progression of aging at the cellular level. In the first model, we study the dynamics of aging using a discrete time dynamical system based on the competition between "noisy" and "noise-free" cells. Our preliminary results suggest the existence of three different qualitative outcomes. These outcomes are best described by exclusion and coexistence, where coexistence occurs under two dynamically distinct scenarios. In the second model, we consider a stage-structured model that incorporates stage dependent vital rates. Varying these rates is important as the accumulation of cellular error (noise) accelerates the aging process. Aging has been a topic of great interest to scientists. A definition of aging is rarely agreed upon among researchers but it includes all timedependent processes that occur within an organism whether adverse or not. Among biologists, aging is more narrowly referred to as the gradual and irreversible decrease in function of a system of cells with time. Over the years, many theories on aging have been developed and tested in an effort to understand this process. Some of these theories include the predetermined life span theory [ 1], telomere shortening theory [ 6], and the cross linking theory [7]. The predetermined life span theory states that an organism has a fixed amount of time to live which is predetermined in the embryonic cell. More precisely, the organism's natural life span is based on the number of divisions that cells undergo during a lifetime [ 1]. The telomere shortening theory suggests that the shortening of telomeres, which occurs with each mitotic division (in the absence of telomerase), may be responsible for aging. This gradual change in length of the telomeric DNA causes changes in the proteins around the telomere, which can lead to a change in the gene expression of the entire chromosome [ 4]. In addition, shortened telomeres may cause the misalignment of the chromosomes during meta-phase. As a result, some scientists now view telomeres as cellular timers that trigger cells to cease function when time (length) runs out [ 5]. Lastly, the cross linking theory states that aging is caused by the presence of large, linked molecules. These large molecules are hypothesized to accumulate in the cell and cause cellular and tissue damage in numerous ways including decreasing tissue elasticity and impeding intraand inter-cellular transport [ 3]. In the first model we apply a modified discrete time Leslie-Gower framework to study the competitive dynamics of a system in which the population is denoted by error-free ( P) and error cells


TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Assignor Estoppel and its Justification 1. The Doctrine of Assignor Estoppel 2. The Rationale Behind Assignor Estoppel III. The Evolution and Demise of Assignor Estoppel 1. The Early Cases on Patent Estoppel 2. The Supreme Court Undermines the Assignor Estoppel Doctrine IV. Revival and Expansion of Assignor Estoppel by The Federal Circuit V. Summary of the History and Law of Assignor Estoppel VI. The Federal Circuit's Decisions Represent an Unjustified About-Face from the Position Advocated by the Supreme Court 1. The Federal Circuit's Effective Reversal from Supreme Court Precedent Was Contrived and Unwarranted a. The Federal Circuit's Effort to Distinguish Diamond Scientific from Lear Ignored the Weight of Supreme Court Precedent b. The Federal Circuit's Reliance on the Principles of Fairness and Justice Represent an Unjustifiable Deviation from Supreme Court Precedent c. The Federal Circuit's Holding That an Assignment is of the "Rights" to an Invention and Not the "Language" of the Patent Undermined the Supreme Court Decisions on Assignor Estoppel d. The Federal Circuit's Redefinition of the Scope of an Assignment Allowed the Court to Weaken the Supreme Court's Exceptions to Assignor Estoppel e. The Federal Circuit's Emphasis on the Signing of the Inventor's Oath is Unwarranted and Misplaced 2. The Federal Circuit's Decisions After Diamond Scientific Have Further Expanded the Doctrine of Assignor Estoppel and Curtailed Any Exceptions VII. The Practical Concerns and Effects of Application of Assignor Estoppel 1. The Doctrine of Assignor Estoppel Creates Warranties in Assignment Contracts Not Necessarily Intended By the Assignor 2. The Judicially Created Assignor Estoppel Warranties Are Even More Troubling in the Context of Mandatory Preinvention Assignments 3. The Federal Circuit's Broad Application of Assignor Estoppel Has Unsettling Implications for Employers and Employees 4. It Is Unclear Whether Assignor Estoppel Would Apply to Proceedings Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office VIII. Conclusion I. INTRODUCTION It has been well ingrained in all of us that what is fair is generally right, and what is unfair is wrong. We are all familiar with the notion that we cannot have our cake and eat it, too. How far does that sense of fairness extend? Should it take precedence over other public policy concerns which have helped to shape our laws and justice system? These questions have plagued the courts in the context of patent law and assignment agreements. (1) The following hypothetical situations help illustrate the dilemma. Consider an inventor who acts fraudulently in obtaining a patent, which he then assigns to Company A. Can that inventor assert an inequitable conduct defense to render the patent unenforceable when he is later charged with infringement by Company A? What about an inventor who assigns her patent to Company A, knowing that a prior art reference exists which will likely invalidate the patent? Can she defeat Company A's infringement allegations by invalidating the patent with that same prior art reference? What about the case of an inventor who assigns his patent and subsequently discovers a previously unknown prior art reference which he believes invalidates the patent? Should the inventor be allowed to allege invalidity based on that prior art reference in defense of an infringement action? Alternatively, what if Company A, who was assigned the patent by Inventor, subsequently assigns the patent to Company B? Should Company A be prohibited from attempting to invalidate the patent by using a prior art reference discovered after it had assigned the patent to Company B? …


The appearance of severe malnutrition during convalescence in seriously wounded men is a frequent and troublesome complication of war casualties. These men frequently lose 50 to 60 pounds during the first few weeks after injury, and, as long as their wounds are still healing, this weight is regained only very slowly or not at all, in spite of an adequate and even high caloric diet. A possible explanation for the inability of an apparently adequate diet to restore seriously injured persons to a normal nutritional status is afforded by a consideration of the role of the essential amino acids in protein metabolism. Since the classical experiments of Rose (1), it has been known that certain amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body are essential for normal growth and development. No amount of nonessential amino acids can make up for a lack of the essential ones, and any protein lacking in any one of the essential amino acids cannot be utilized in protein anabolism, except to the extent that the missing amino acids are supplied from other exogenous sources. The regeneration of damaged tissue takes precedence over, and may occur at the expense of the metabolism of normal tissue. It is possible, therefore, that even on a normal protein intake the available supply of essential amino acids may be expended primarily on the restoration of damaged tissue, leaving an insufficient quantity of utilizable protein to meet the normal metabolic requirements of the remainder of the body. According to this view, the supplementation of dietary protein by essential amino acids alone might succeed in meeting the excessive demands occasioned by wound repair and spare enough utilizable protein to restore and maintain a better


ABSTRACT By the mid-1930s, migration from the French colonies had brought Afro-intellectuals into the heart of political and artistic conversations in the metropoles of Europe and had created imbricated spaces of heated debate. Coming from various nations in Africa and the Americas, the interlocutors in these debates grappled with their fraught relationship to imperial centres while addressing questions specific to their diverse national contexts and racialized realities. The declarations they made and conclusions they drew were scrutinized by multiple, and at times antagonistic publics. This article chronicles a fascinating instance of such networked literary polemics: the 1955–1956 Présence Africaine 'Debate on National Poetry'. It offers a close look at the intellectual and political underpinnings of this fraught exchange between celebrated Martinican poet-statesman Aimé Césaire and then-militant socialist Haitian poet René Depestre as a means of understanding how twentieth-century intellectual and artistic movements in Europe presented real challenges to prominent figures in the (imminently post-)colonial francophone world. Depestre's uncomfortable positioning reflects the larger quandary facing Afro-diasporic intellectuals and artists called on to navigate identities that reflected their political commitments and the expectations of their white allies, on the one hand, and their racial identifications, on the other.


Introduction 1. Allegiance 2. Rebellion 3. Tyranny and Drama 4. Treason and Resistance 5. Riot 6. Conspiracy 7. The Duchy and the Stannaries 8. Propaganda Conclusion Bibliography Index


We consider a model with soft CP violation which accommodate the CP violation in the neutral kaons even if we assume that the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix is real and the sources of CP violation are three complex vacuum expectation values and a trilinear coupling in the scalar potential. We show that for some reasonable values of the masses and other parameters the model allows to explain all the observed CP violation processes in the K 0 - ¯ K 0 system.


This article points out the essential difference and the close relation in the maths-experiments and maths CAI from various directive,such as pedagogy,psychology,information science.It proposes that we should take the making techololgy of source material of maths CAI into maths-experiments.


Thomason conditionals are sentences of the form if p, ~Kp. Given plausible assumptions, these sentences cause trouble for epistemic theories of indicative conditionals. Our aim is to show that Thomason examples are not indicative conditionals, but alternative unconditionals, in the sense put forward by Rawlins (2013). This hypothesis solves the difficulty and explains certain features that set Thomason examples apart from run-of-the-mill indicative conditionals.


This paper points out that there is large area of the distribution of collapsible loess.By the analysis of the decision of the amount of collapsibility of collapsible loess foundation through project cases,it discusses on the treatment ways of collapsible loess foundation,finally find out solution way which is lime-soil compaction pile,in order to fulfill the project need.