All of us know Complaining Jane and Joyous Joyce. They go out to lunch together. Joyce loves the cozy ambiance; Jane complains about the poor service. Joyce loves that her salad is fresh and tasty; Jane complains that her soup is not hot enough. Joyce loves the restaurant's convenient location; Jane complains that it's over-priced. Jane's complaints are justified. The soup wasn't hot enough and the restaurant is over-priced. What all the Complaining Janes and Criticial Craigs don't realize is that negativity exacts a price that no healthy person can afford to pay. Usually we think of negativity – the tendency to criticize, blame, hate, fear, or be depressed – as a psychological disposition. "Some people are just upbeat; I'm not." It sounds as neutral as saying, "Some people are blonde; some are brunette." But what if you viewed negativity as a spiritual disease? Just as you would never complacently say, "Some people don't have cancer; I do," resigning yourself to the status quo rather than seeking treatment, so you would regard a negative state of mind as dangerous to your spiritual – and physical – health. Faulty understanding of the cause of communicable diseases kept cholera raging for millennia until scientists discovered microorganisms and how they operate. The Jewish understanding of what negativity really is and how it operates is crucial to dealing with this plague. The 20th century sage Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe explained that there are two parallel worlds, and at any given moment we are in one or the other of these worlds. One world, called the World of Connection (Olam HaYedidut in Hebrew), is characterized by love, joy, tranquility, optimism, harmony, generosity, confidence, and faith. The other world,


The aim of this cohort study was to investigate sociodemographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the 70+ age group in Skane county, Sweden (n = 216 243 at baseline). Uptake of the first dose was high (91.9%) overall, but markedly lower (75.3%) among persons born outside the Nordic countries. Vaccine uptake was generally satisfactory among native Swedes also in areas with lower socioeconomic status, but dropped substantially among non-Nordic born in those areas. The identified clusters of unvaccinated older people, mainly representing ethnic minorities in disadvantaged areas, warrants intensified efforts regarding tailored communication, easier vaccine access and local engagement.


This survey of some of the literature on methods of representing the distribution of magnetic phenomena over the Earth's surface was undertaken primarily to provide a background for a study of the problem of improvement of methods of constructing world magnetic charts. In every case what was sought was a description of the method used in locating isomagnetic lines on charts, that is, of the scheme of interpolation used. With few exceptions, works written in English only were examined. Since the number of reports of magnetic surveys which include some description, however meager, of the method of interpolation is quite large, and since the number of different modes of construction is small, relatively few such reports have been abstracted.


Mirror descent plays a crucial role in constrained optimization and acceleration schemes, along with its corresponding low-resolution ordinary differential equations (ODEs) framework have been proposed. However, the low-resolution ODEs are unable to distinguish between Polyak's heavy-ball method and Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This problem also arises with accelerated mirror descent. To address this issue, we derive high-resolution ODEs for accelerated mirror descent and propose a general Lyapunov function framework to analyze its convergence rate in both continuous and discrete time. Furthermore, we demonstrate that accelerated mirror descent can minimize the squared gradient norm at an inverse cubic rate.


Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a key component of the tumor microenvironment. Pro-tumoral cancer-associated fibroblasts were presumed absent in glioblastoma given the lack of brain fibroblasts. Using single-cell RNA sequencing we identified CAFs in patient GBMs. CAFs were identified using a negative selection strategy to filter endothelial, epithelial, immune cells and pericytes and for the positive expression of previously defined CAF markers. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis was performed to distinguish CAFs from malignant cells. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics from 16 GBM patients confirmed the proximity of CAFs to mesenchymal GBM stem cells (GSCs), endothelial cells, and M2-macrophages. Serial trypsinization of glioblastoma specimens yielded cells with CAF morphology and transcriptomic profile. CAFs were chemotactically attracted to GSCs and CAFs induced GSC proliferation. To identify CAF and GSC interaction mediators, we created a resource of inferred crosstalk by mapping expression of receptors to their cognate ligands, identifying PDGF and TGFB as mediators of GSC effects on CAFs, and osteopontin and HGF as mediators of CAF-induced GSC enrichment. Furthermore, CAFs were found to induce M2-macrophage polarization by producing the EDA fibronectin variant which binds macrophage toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in a targetable manner. Glioblastoma CAFs were enriched in the subventricular zone which houses the neural stem cells that houses GSCs. Including CAFs in GSC-derived xenografts induced in vivo tumor growth and reduced survival in two different xenograft models. These findings are among the first to identify glioblastoma CAFs and their GSC interactions, making them an intriguing target for Glioblastomas.


ABSTRACT This study deals with the surprising participation of the Turkish ambassador in Croatia at the country's well-known annual Sinj Alka, an equestrian competition with a long tradition that relates to a famous victory over the Ottoman Turks in the 18th century. While the bilateral relations between Croatia and Turkey have developed since 1992 on a rather stable and positive level, the historical background has yet been marked by the legacy of the Ottoman occupation over large territories making up today's Croatia. The 2012 attendance of a Turkish ambassador at the annual festivities in Sinj, themselves also marked by Croatian nationalist frames, was the first time that a Turkish representative was among the official guests. This study employs the concept of diplomatic courage and offers a history of the present in order to show how the lenses of new diplomatic history provide a useful means to approach this historical attendance, relying most importantly on the notion of diplomatic practices. It does this via an analysis of news reports and commentaries from Croatia and Turkey while underlining the historical dimension of the bilateral relationship. The conclusion pinpoints the limits of such practices in other contexts, depending on states' foreign political choices.


The data of experimental studies on determining the mechanical properties of long-length deformed semifinished products in a form  of bars and wire made of alloys of aluminum with rare-earth metals, which are fabricated using the combined treatment methods, are presented. The application of the combined technology of casting, rolling, and pressing makes it possible to increase the strength of hot-extruded rod by 15–20 % on average compared with combined rolling–extruding the cast billet formed in an electromagnetic crystallizer. It is also shown that a decrease in the REM content in the alloy leads to the strength reduction and an increase in plastic characteristics. Herewith, it is possible to control the level of physicomechanical characteristics of the final product varying the summary deformation ratio during drawing and applying annealing.


Rheology of collagen dispersions were examined as a function of time. Further rheological studies were done using admixtures like Vitamin B12 (VB12) and Blue Dextran (BD) in the dispersion. The dispersion of collagen matrices is nonNewtonian in nature and it exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. The flow of dispersion is governed by the power law with one of its parameters decreasing with increasing rate of shear and time. But this parameter also reaches almost a constant value exactly in two weeks. The other parameter is independent of time and is always below unity indicating that these dispersions have pseudoplastic characteristic. Also Collagen dispersions had lower viscosity with the admixture than without. Hence admixtures do have an effect on the rheology over period of time. Collagen; pseudoplastic; rheology; admixture; nonNewtonian; freeze dried; rate of shear; shear stress; power law; shear thinning; ball milling; Newtonian ; cross linking ; Vitamin B12; Blue Dextran; Nanofibrils


This invention discloses a method for preparing glyoxalic acid. The method comprises: oxidizing glyoxal solution by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous sulfate catalyst and cocatalyst, esterifying for separation, and hydrolyzing to obtain the target product. The purity, yield and melting point of glyoxalic acid are higher than 98%, 85%-90% and 96.2-97.9 deg.C, respectively. Compared with the present techniques, the method can increase glyoxalic acid yield by adding cocatalyst (ammonia solution). Besides, the method has improved operation condition, thus avoiding environmental pollution and apparatus corrosion. The product has stable quality.


In recent years, many quantum cryptographic schemes have been proposed. However, it seems that there are many technical difficulties to realize them (except Quantum Key Distributions) as practical applications. In this paper, we propose a bank transfer (i.e., funds or Electronic Funds Transfer) system utilizing both classical and quantum cryptography to provide theoretically unbreakable security. This system can be realized using current technologies (e.g., linear polarizers and Faraday rotators) and requires no additional authentication and no key distribution scheme. However, a trusted third party must keep all member banks' private keys for encryption, authentication and also for functions to generate classical digital signatures.


On December 6, 2002, the USDA Forest Service published a proposed planning rule that replaces postdecisional appeals of land and resource management plans with a "predecisional objection process" within a framework of collaborative planningfor sustainability. This article examines the Forest Service's rationale for eliminating postdecisional appeals, provides an overview of accountability relationships, and explores the implications for democratic accountability if the proposed rule eliminating postdecisional appeals is adopted. Appeals have provided an important mechanism of accountability in forest planning. There are questions about whether the objection process will provide a comparable means of accountability. The change represents a shift away from traditional legal and hierarchical accountability relationships toward accountability based on public deliberation and scientific input in a collaborative planning process. The success of such a model depends on successfully institutionalizing collaborative planning throughout a large, decentralized organization.


In this paper methods are discussed to increase quality factor and capacitance ratio of a dual-depletion region InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiode operating as a varactor to implement optical control of microwave circuit.


We show how an IEEE-754 conformant precision-p base-β arithmetic can be implemented based on some binary floating-point and/or integer arithmetic. This includes the four basic operations and square root subject to the five IEEE-754 rounding modes, namely the nearest roundings with roundTiesToEven and roundTiesToAway, the directed roundings downwards and upwards, as well as rounding towards zero. Exceptional values like ∞ of NaN are covered according to the IEEE-754 arithmetic standard. The results of the precision-p base-β operations are computed using some underlying precision-q binary arithmetic. We distinguish two cases. When using a precision-q binary integer arithmetic, the base-β precision p is limited for all operations by β2p ≤ 2q, whereas using a precision-q binary floating-point arithmetic imposes stronger limits on the base-β precision, namely β2p ≤ 2q for addition and multiplication, β2p ≤ 2q − 1 for division and β2p ≤ 2q − 3 for the square root. Those limitations cannot be improved. The algorithms are implemented in a Matlab/Octave flbeta-toolbox with the choice of using uint64 or binary64 as underlying arithmetic. The former allows larger precisions, the latter is advantageous for the square root, whereas computing times are similar. The flbeta-toolbox offers precision-p base-β scalar, vector and matrix operations including sparse matrices as well as corresponding interval operations. The base β can be chosen in the range β ∈ [2, 64]. The flbeta-toolbox will be part of Version 13 of INTLAB [18], the Matlab/Octave toolbox for reliable computing.


This paper addresses the influence of shot peening temperature on micro structure evolution and mechanical properties of spring steel 60SiCr7 in the temperature range between 200°C and 250°C. In particular, surface roughness, micro hardness and local distribution of residuai stresses in tine surface iayer were measured before and after fatigue tests. Also fracture surfaces were examined in the scanning electron microscope. It was found that the local distribution of residual stresses in the surface is drastically changed by shot peening at different temperatures, thus prolonging the fatigue life.


A character recognition system is described which incorporates a lens-and-retina input and a relatively simple computer. The system operates effectively with the image focused anywhere on the retina and may operate so as to be independent of image, size or orientation.
 The characters which may be unambiguously, discriminated are those which have distinct transform functions T. A simple algorithm is given for obtaining T for both curvilinear and rectilinear figures. Examples are given and possible means of resolving the ambiguities discussed.


Effect of the extract of Fructus tribuli (EFT) on growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA04, LA05, LA06 and LA09 was studied by measuring optical density at 600nm (OD600) and pH using MRS culture media as the control. The addition of EFT (v/v) was 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Results were as follows: addition of EFT could promote the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA09, The optimum concentration of EFT in MRS media was 1% at incubation 24h, but addition of EFT on growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA04, LA05 and LA06 has no significant effect.


Purpose: To evaluate the influence of incision size on dry eye symptoms in the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure. Methods: Ninety-four eyes of 47 patients with myopia and/or myopic astigmatism who had undergone the SMILE procedure were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the incision size (2, 3, and 4 mm) applied during the SMILE procedure. Results: There were no significant differences among the groups in respect to age and sex (P values 0.251 and 0.974, respectively) and in respect to preoperative, postoperative first day, first week, first month, third month, and sixth month values of the Ocular Surface Disease Index score, tear break-up time, ST1, and staining grades. Conclusions: There was no difference in dry eye symptoms with 2-, 3-, and 4-mm incisions. In the learning period of SMILE surgery, larger incision sites can be used to make the procedure easier.


Objectives The current study aimed to examine the reasons that lead individuals to seek online psychological consultations instead of in‐person assistance, and to explore the effect of a single 30‐min Facebook chat conversation in increasing willingness to ask for professional help. Methods A total of 284 participants attended a brief Facebook‐based psychological consultation. Of these patients, 259 individuals completed a baseline survey questionnaire. Second and third survey questionnaires were also administered at the end of the consultation and at 1‐month follow‐up, respectively. Results Primary reasons for joining the Facebook chat consultation were the need for immediate psychological support and service convenience. Almost half of the respondents had sought psychologist assistance at least once in the past. Depression was the most reported psychosocial impairment. The average initial level of motivation required to seek in‐person psychological support was high, while online consultation was preferred by a greater number of respondents. At 1‐month follow‐up, the majority of the respondents who had accessed the Facebook consultation stated that they had asked for psychological support, mostly preferring a private in‐person therapist. Conclusion Facebook represents an effective way to overcome barriers that hinder access to mental health care.


A major concern with the safe re‐use of biosolids on land is the potential for release of metals from organic matter in the biosolids, due to decomposition proceeding as biosolids age. To quantify the effects of biosolid aging on Cd and Zn bioavailability, two sewage sludges (Lagoon sludge and Filtered sludge) and a garden compost were incubated at 25°C and 35°C for 100 days. Changes in availability of Cd and Zn were determined using isotope dilution principles, with the materials being labelled with carrier‐free 109Cd and 65Zn. We determined isotopically exchangeable metal pools (E values) and plant available metal pools (L values) by measuring specific activities of Cd and Zn in soil extracts and in wheat plants, respectively. Changes in carbon content over time were determined using 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and chemical extraction methods, and related to changes in availability of metal pools as determined by isotopic procedures.


many organizations and research groups have adopted methods, models, and standards to improve their research. However, despite these efforts, they can still find it difficult to put clear planning framework for the research that can be used for both researchers and supervisors. This paper aims to provide a theoretical framework for the researchers who are about to write their research proposal. This paper proposes a systematic framework for planning scientific research. The proposed framework extends is based on the multi-method approach for research developed by Nunamaker et al. The Framework is developed and applied based on a systematic review of existing literature and is complemented with the authors' practical experience. Finally, the framework validation is presented through five real cases studies.


Gingivitis is an infection caused by plaque and calculus accumulation. Gingivitis if not treated progress to periodontitis, a more advanced form of gum disease. Periodontal disease was the world's 11th most frequent disease in 2016 according to the World Health Organization. Surgical as well non- surgical periodontal therapies are carried out for periodontal disease treatment. Debridement of supra-gingival and sub-gingival calculus, along with instructions about oral health care methods are the basis of traditional non-surgical periodontal therapy (NTPS). Honey is beneficial to oral health, particularly in the cure of plaque formation, gingiva inflammation, periodontitis and odor control. Honey has antibacterial activity and is effective against both gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. Honey's antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics can promote the granulation tissue formation and enabling damaged cells to be regeneration. Materials And Method: This review followed the guided framework from the approach of Arksey and O'Malley for the scoping review (2005). The methodology was chosen because it has a five-stage framework. Exclusion & inclusion criteria were made and 60 articles were selected. Articles were searched from the PubMed, Google Scholar and other search engines. Results: Based on the data retrieved we concluded that honey can be used as a medium for non-surgical periodontal therapy. Honey have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties due high osmolarity, acidic nature and hydrogen peroxide as well non-peroxide components of honey and is used by many researcher for cure of periodontal disease but still there is not very strong evidence that locally given honey affects periodontal tissue healing. Despite this, all of the pockets had a good periodontal repair. Honey's efficacy in the treatment periodontal disease is still not well established and still questionable. To substantiate these findings from the literature, more research will be required.


Let 𝒷m be the closure of the Hecke algebra with m strings, Hm, in the oriented framed Homfly skein 𝒷 of the annulus, which provides the natural parameter space for the Homfly satellite invariants of a knot. The submodule 𝒷+ ⊂ 𝒷 spanned by the union ⋃m ⩾ 0 𝒷m is an algebra, isomorphic to the algebra of the symmetric functions. Turaev's geometrical basis for 𝒷+ consists of monomials in closed m‐braids Am, the closure of the braid σm−1·…·σ2σ1. We collect and expand formulae relating elements expressed in terms of symmetric functions to Turaev's basis. We reformulate the formulae of Rosso and Jones for quantum sl(N) invariants of cables in terms of plethysms of symmetric functions, and use the connection between quantum sl(N) invariants and the skein 𝒷+ to give a formula for the satellite of a cable as an element of the Homfly skein 𝒷+. We can then analyse the case where a cable is decorated by the pattern Pd which corresponds to a power sum in the symmetric function interpretation of 𝒷+ to get direct relations between the Homfly invariants of some diagrams decorated by power sums


A theoretical study of the propagation of E.M. waves in inhomogeneous media has been used to determine the profile of the free carrier concentration in semiconductors, with the aid of infrared reflectivity curves. The doping of the semiconductor was done by implantation. The profile of free carriers was approximated by a deformed Gaussian, whose parameters were found by comparison of the experimental and theoretical coefficients of reflectivity. The sensitivity of the reflectivity curve to the different parameters of the Gaussian was investigated. This method seems to be well adopted to the study of the heavily doped semiconductors (implanation doses greater than 1014 cm−2 for energy about 100 KeV).


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in wireless systems are capable of meeting the increasing demand of higher data rates. When combined with beamforming and user scheduling, these systems provide high diversity order. In this paper, a MIMO wireless system is considered where users are served in downlink transmission by a single base station (BS) according to their pre-defined data transfer rate (DTR). Here, an approach used by BS for joint scheduling and beamforming in conjunction with superposition coding (JSB-SC) is explained. For the case, when the available DTR for a user is much higher than its demand, JSB-SC allows another user to share the same transmission link without affecting their performance and efficiently utilizes the available resource under the total power constraint. The simulation results show that JSB-SC outperforms JSB in terms of lesser power wastage and increased number of scheduled users with guaranteed DTR.


Housing constitutes a basic need for all living beings. Unfortunately, natural hazards, including floods, pose a severe threat to housing infrastructure systems. In turn, this paper develops a framework to quantify the resilience of housing infrastructure systems against flood hazards. The parameters for this resilience are based on the literature and knowledge from experts. This paper gauges the significance of each resilience parameter is evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy AHP. The evaluated values are then compared to observe the effectiveness of fuzzy AHP over AHP. The evaluated importance of each parameter will help stakeholders focus on the most important parameters and, in turn, boost the flood resilience of infrastructure. This paper then implements the developed framework in a study area to quantify local flood resilience. This resilience value will help stakeholders in the considered area to understand the resilience of local housing infrastructure.


The cardiogenic shock remains one oft he greatest challenges in cardiology because of its high mortality. Pathophysiology of the cardiogenic shock is not com-pletely understood. Supportive therapy contains circu-latory support, guided by a hemodynamic monitoring, as well as therapy of secondary dysfunction of other organs.


The increase in well drilling in the oil and gas shale formations has caused public concern about many environmental issues. One environmental issue is the potential exposure to air emissions from retention ponds used to store flowback and produced water containing toxic chemicals. This study predicted air emissions and exposure to methanol, a primary organic chemical component of some hydraulic fracturing fluids (HFF). It is essential to consider the partitioning behavior of methanol in water because the high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration has a salting out effect which increases the air emissions.


Pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly has submitted a request to the US Food and Drug Administration for emergency use authorisation of its bamlanivimab montherapy in higher risk patients who have recently been diagnosed with mild to moderate covid-19.

Bamlanivimab is a neutralising IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) developed specifically to target the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. It is designed to stop the virus entering human cells, so neutralising it, and potentially preventing and treating covid-19.

On 16 September Lilly announced that the treatment reduced the rate of hospitalisation and emergency department visits in nursing home residents and staff with mild to moderate covid-19 (5 in 302), when compared with placebo (9 in 150).1 The company has said that it …


MicroRNAs are ~20-22nt non protein-coding RNA regulatory genes that posttranscriptionally
regulate many protein–coding genes to influence critical biological and
metabolic processes. While the number of known microRNA is increasing, there is no
published data for microRNA in freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) a
commercially cultured and economically important food species. Through deep parallel
sequencing and an in silico data analysis approach, 327 miRNA families have been
identified from small RNA libraries with reference to both the de novo transcriptome of
M.rosenbergii obtained from RNA-Seq and to miRBase (Release 18.0, November 2011).
Based on the identified mature miRNA and recovered precursor sequences that form
appropriate hairpin structures, three conserved miRNA (miR125, miR750, miR993) and
27 novel miRNA candidates encoding messenger-like non-coding RNA have been
identified. miR-125, miR-750, G-m0002/H-m0009, G-m0005, G-m0008/H-m0016, Gm0011/
H-m0027 and G-m0015 were selected for experimental validation with stemloop
quantitative RT-PCR and were found coherent with the expression profile of deep
sequencing data as evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.835178 for
miRNA in gill, r = 0.724131 for miRNA in hepatopancreas). Using a combinatorial
approach of pathway enrichment analysis and inverse expression relationship of miRNA
and mRNA, four co-expressed novel miRNA candidates (G-m0005, G-m0008/H-m0016,
G-m0011/H-m0027, and G-m0015) were found to be associated with energy
metabolism. In addition, the expression of the three novel miRNA candidates (G-m0005,
G-m0008/H-m0016, and G-m0011/H-m0027) were also found to be significantly
reduced at the 9 and 24 hours post infection in a controlled experiment of M.rosenbergii
challenged with infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus. These
findings provide a reference point to further improving the understanding of the
repertoire of crustacean miRNAs.


First,this paper discusses the definition of DCCC,analyzes its intrinsic structure,and uses fitness landscape to analyze interactions between elements of DCCC and relationships between elements and whole of DCCC in detail.Then this paper explores the increasing mechanism of DCCC.A theoretical framework is presented to explain the increasing mechanism of DCCC.Finally,a model of competence substitution in the evolution of DCCC is provided.The major contributions of this paper are:(1) DCCC is a complex adaptive system which is constituted of such actors as humans in firms and such elements as strategic competence,organizational competence,marketing competence,and technological competence.(2) The fitness landscape shows DCCC has a characteristic of "part is all".(3) The conflict between shadow system and legitimate system drives a firm into creating space.The harmony of shadow system and legitimate system drives the realization of archetype,and results in knowledge creating,which in turn drives the evolution of DCCC.(4) The model of competence substitution in the evolution of DCCC—Conditioned emergence model could be used in management of competence substitution process.It includes three stages: conditions for competence substitution,creating conditions states far from existing equilibrium,and managing feedback.


Automation of manufacturing workcell relies heavily on sensors and logic control systems to ensure smooth process flow through its devices. Commonly, such logic control systems (e.g. programmable logic controller) are setup for controlling workcells for a specific process flow. These systems require extensive restructuring of its control logic and re-wiring of the communication cables (e.g. feedback from sensors, relays to actuators) whenever there is need for the workcells to change their configuration for different process flow. These requirements result in loss of the production time and incur additional costs. In this paper a different approach, which has the potential of rapid configuration of logical control, is demonstrated on a modular robotic workcell. The approach uses computer network as the communication media and the control logic is developed using the supervisory control theory.


This paper outlines the principles of Reality Therapy and Choice Theory, which provide a practical foundation for understanding and influencing human behavior, and relate them to experiential learning. Choice Theory is an explanation of human behavior developed by Dr. William Glasser (1965, 1985); Reality Therapy is the application of Choice Theory within the context of helping relationships. All behavior is an attempt to meet one or more of four basic psychological needs; love and belonging, power and recognition, fun, and freedom. The facilitator's role is to establish a need-satisfying environment where all participants feel safe to embrace risk and challenge in their quest to achieve their purpose. Though human beings have the same basic needs, they have different perceptions of how to meet those needs. Individuals meet their needs and express perceptions through total behavior, which has four components; thinking, feeling, doing, and physiology. Helping participants utilize their thoughts and behavior to overcome negative feelings and physiology are some of the most powerful opportunities in the adventure experience. Also important in designing and facilitating activities are individual learning styles: active experimentation, concrete experiential, reflective observation, and abstract conceptualization. Appealing to all learning styles contributes dramatically to learning and transference, and is easily done through careful planning. Reality Therapy is a self-evaluation process involving a series of questions that allow participants to make their own value judgments. Experiential education offers infinite opportunities for applying and internalizing these principals for enhancing personal and professional growth. (TD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** The Reality of Experience Gail Ostrishko, LPC Educational Resources PO Box 37072 Raleigh, NC 27627 USA Phone: (919) 779-6546 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. POints of view or opinions stated in this docu . ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


: Obesity major health problem of the modern world because of the consequent life-threatening complications like diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease etc. The prevalence of obesity is increasing day by day across the world irrespective of their economic and developmental condition which is an alarming sign. Preventive measures include dietary restriction, exercise, and antiobesity medicine. The medications used for this disorder cause hazardous side effect on the body on long term use. Keeping above facts in the center a research work has been framed to evaluate the role of an ancient, popular and safe ayurvedic plant drug, Emblica officinalis (Amla) fruit juice in Obesity. Methodology: In this present study, total 30 obese individuals were randomly selected from Varanasi and nearby districts. All the obese subject were advised to take 20 ml of fresh fruit juice of Emblica officinalis (Amla) empty stomach at morning and evening mix with lukewarm water. Improvement assessed on the basis of change in weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and Lipid profile. The total duration of study is 45 days with follow-up of 15 days. Result: Significant change in weight, waist circumference, body mass index and  Lipid profile  level  observed in all subjects. Conclusion: Emblica officinalis (Amla) fruit juice effectively controls obesity and related symptoms. It is a cheap and effective therapeutic measure for obese individuals.


Background:  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of fetal macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. However, not all women with GDM and fetal macrosomia have shoulder dystocia.


Japan has formed its own soil environment quality standard system by the effort of more than half a century,to provide an important basis to effectively carry out the soil monitoring and pollution control work. The paper overviews the formation process of Japanese soil environment quality standard system and the main contents, according to Japanese soil environment quality standard file,the soil environmental quality monitoring data and report,the central environment council review data,and on the basis of a large number of relevant information.


Online signature verification (OSV) is one of the most challenging tasks in writer identification and digital forensics. Owing to large intra-individual variability, there is a critical requirement to accurately learn the intrapersonal variations of the signature to achieve higher classification accuracy. To achieve this, in this paper, we propose an OSV framework based on deep convolutional Siamese network (DCSN). DCSN automatically extract robust feature descriptions based on metric-based loss function which decreases intra-writer variability (Genuine-Genuine) and increase inter-individual variability (Genuine-Forgery) and guides the DCSN for effective discriminative representation learning for online signatures. Experiments conducted on three widely accepted datasets MCYT-100 (DB1), MCYT-330 (DB2) and SVC-2004-Task2 emphasize the capability of our framework to distinguish the genuine and forgery samples. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed DCSN in one shot learning by achieving a lower error rate as compared to many recent and state-of-the art OSV models.


The influence of the Goos-Hanchen effect on the P wave normal time lag is studied using reflection wave phase derived from the lateral offset of P wave in the reflector and the lateral offset transit time. Results show that for incident wave or when the incident angle in the vicinity of the critical angle,the Goos-Hanchen effect P of wave is obvious. So in the actual seismic data processing,error correction of the lateral offset effect should be made.


The invention relates to a System for monitoring the wheels (R1,R2, R3, R4) of a motor vehicle (10) for fault states, in particular for incorrect tire pressures, each wheel (R1,R2, R3, R4) to be monitored being assigned a wheel unit (E1, E2, E3, E4) which, after the reception of a trigger signal (TR), Supplies data (D1, D2, D3, D4) which is suitable for detecting a fault State and/or for determining the wheel position (FL, FR, RL, RR) of at least one wheel (R1,R2, R3, R4). There is provision for a portable transmitter (12) which can be included with which a trigger Signal (TR), in par ticular a radio-frequency trigger Signal, can be generated for at least one wheel unit (E1, E2, E3, E4).


Asian paintings have different contents and drawing techniques from those of western paintings, because Asians' attitude and mind toward their lives are different from those of westerners. Especially, the Four Gentle Plants, a category of Asian paintings, which reveal scholar gentleman's character and culture as it is, show unique dashing off with one stroke of a brush. Painted in combination with literary men's spiritual idea and taste, the Four Gentle plants as a subject of paintings in the literary artists' style have greatly contributed to the development of Asian paintings. The name of the Four Gentle Plants has been used since the Ming dynasty although the Plants have been used as a subject in paintings before the Ming dynasty. Plum blossom is a flower which comes out with a character of purity in the early spring which there is still snow of the last year in. Orchid has leaves which are elegant. Flower of orchid is chaste, and has noble grace and sweet fragrance. Due to the characters, literary men found pleasure in orchid. Chrysanthemums is a precious flower because it has a beautiful flower which comes out with emitting strong fragrance at the risk of hard frost until the late autumn. Bamboo has strong roots and straight stems. Although stems are hollow, leaves of bamboo are always green. Spirit and elegant appearance of bamboo, which symbolize an indomitable spirit and fidelity, are compared to scholar gentlemen. The plants have been a subject in paintings of the literary artists' style, compared to scholar gentlemen with the name of the Four Gentle Plants. Thus, the Four Gentle Plants have a unique artistic character which is not in western paintings and have well developed in China In conclusion of the study of painterly characteristics through an aesthetic perspective, the Four Gentle Plants have a feature to express artists' thoughts through building an ethical standard and purifying nature, in order to cultivate their lives and promote self-improvement, as a traditional subject of Chinese ink paintings. Thus, the Four Gentle Plants, pursuing a vital value in beauty of the 'stages of thought', had been developed as a refined hobby in the modern period. This hobby was a beginning to do self-discipline because it is to expose scholar gentlemen's spiritual culture. Painterly beauty in the Four Gentle Plants is one of the stages of thought, because the paintings expose meanings to which are infused feelings, to which an artist' idea and emotion are changed through the plants. The second one is beauty of empty space, because only filling space can not be expressed of deep and exquisite meanings which are nature of objects through emptiness and substantiality due to reflecting on an artist's mind as a scholar gentleman. The third one is beauty of supreme harmony. The world of moderation combined with meanings of a life is expressed in harmony because the paintings are art to be expressed with realizing amusements and searching human nature intuitively. After all, an artist' personality is exposed as the spiritual meaning in the Four Gentle Plants. Then, the spiritual meaning is revealed as refinement of paintings. Thus, the refinement of literary man's personality is embodied by aesthetics of personality. The refinement of paintings as the same level of literary man's personality is found in the Four Gentle Plants. If the noble spirits can be recreated by adaptation of the painterly characteristics to the contemporary style, not imitating shapes of lines of a brush in a painting, the Four Gentle Plants will find their identity. Then, Asian paintings will succeed a high qualified tradition and build up culture which is to expand functions of art.


In this paper, we discuss the key technologies of solid state devices on terahertz, including the modeling technology of the semiconductor devices, design of the key components and the fabrication technology.


Introduction In its judgment of 28 November 2006 the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal ("Tribunal") dismissed the appeal lodged by the Dutch Competition Authority ("NMa") in the Nuon/Reliant…


Using administrative data on all adult children living in The Netherlands age 30-40 and their parents (N = 1,999,700), we investigated the extent to which situations and events associated with the support needs and privacy needs of either generation determine intergenerational coresidence and the transition to coresidence. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that both generations' support needs increased the likelihood of coresidence and of a move of the generation in need into the other's home. Turning to privacy needs, we found that coresidence and the transition to coresidence was less likely when a partner or stepparent was present and more likely when the adult child was a never-married single parent.


A pot experiment was conducted at the Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh to examine the effects of Ni on growth and yield of Pui (Basella alba) under 40%, 70% and 100% field capacity (F.C.) moisture content of soil. The soil collected from Bhaluka, Mymensingh (Chandra series), had the following general characteristics; pH 6.0, Electrical Conductivity (E.C.) 134μS cm, organic matter 2.20%, organic carbon 1.27%, total N, P, K 0.024%, 0.07% and 0.05% respectively. The total Ni concentration was 20 ppm and the texture was silty loam. Three Ni levels were maintained by treating the experimental soils with 0, 50 and 100 mg Ni/kg soil. Roots and shoots of pui were collected after 45 days of sowing. A significant impact of nickel was observed on growth and yield of pui at various moisture content of soil. The concentration of nickel increased with increasing nickel treatment in pui roots and shoots.The length of roots and shoots, the fresh and dry matter production decreased with increasing nickel levels for pui. The results showed that nickel influenced the growth and yield of pui at various moisture conditions.


In this article, an investigation on bi-directional carbon fiber composite INDCARF manufactured in India - to study remaining life assessment-RLA- of the composites to enable one to design suitably. But since composites are made of different materials bonded and reinforced with fibres, they develop distress in the form of cracking and damage while in service and there is a need to assess their performance in terms of strength and stiffness for the remaining portion of their life. The cracking/damage under different conditions is simulated in the form of hair-line cracks, introduced on the surface of the coupons used for testing. Based on coupon test results, analytical studies using non-linear finite element model were carried out to assess the influence of different characteristics of damage on failure and remaining life. The cracking parameters were identified as initiation, spread and inelastic material behavior using elastic-plastic material model. The samples were evaluated by tensile tests according to the ASTM D3039.


The present invention relates to a photosensitive composition for forming a black matrix including a photobase generating agent activated by lights for producing a base, and a process for forming a black matrix pattern using the composition. When using the photosensitive composition according to the present invention, amine produced from the photobase generating agent by photo-decomposition is distributed at the upper portion and both side portions of a photoresist, and the damage of the photoresist by a developing solution is prevented. Thus, by the black matrix pattern is formed by using the photosensitive composition of the present invention, a uniform black matrix pattern over an entire area may be formed when, for example, minute patterns of 6 μm or less is formed, without generating the loss of the upper portion of the pattern or the decrease of thickness at the edge area of a substrate.


For many years there has been considerable interest in experimental lesions produced in animals by feeding cholesterol. The arguments for and against the correlation of these with the naturally occurring lesions in man have been extensively reviewed by Duff,1'2 Katz and Stamler,3 Hueper4 and many others. It is generally agreed that the results derived from the exminaon of experimental lesions cannot necessarily be applied directly to man. Nonetheless, the study of these lesions is extremely useful since the investigations can be closely controlled and possible factors in pathogenesis may be determined. In considerations of pathogenesis, experiments 5'6-and, indeed, investigations of the lesions in man 7-10_have been concerned largely with the roles of cholesterol and other serum lipids. Other studies, directed toward the arterial lesions themselves, have been concerned with the influence of diet, loss of weight, detergents, and mechanical injury.'1 There has been considerable controversy regarding the type of animal best used in these experiments."t While interesting and germane to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in general, these matters have been extensively reviewed and will be omitted from discussion in the present paper. It has only been comparatively recently that exercise and physical activity have been prominently considered as possible pathogenic factors in both the experimental and the human lesions. In respect to man, there has been much interest in this subject even in the lay press, principally in connection with coronary heart disease. Raab 2 has discussed many of the human studies in an engaging article entitled "Loafer's Heart." In this, he pointed out the influence of modern sedentary life upon the occurrence of this type of vascular disease. He also reviewed the investigations in man, indicating considerable indirect evidence of the importance of physical activity in human atherosclerosis. It should be pointed out, however, that studies of this nature are influenced by the wide


Activated carbon-filled mixed matrix membranes were commonly used to enhance the separation performance of liquid or gas separation processes. Activated carbon is traditionally derived from agricultural crops such as coconut shells or wood biomass. Marine microalgae however have a great potential to produce powdered activated carbon. In this study, marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris have been evaluated for their carbon content, and the 16.09% carbon content has potential to be employed as a raw material in manufacturing activated carbon powder. Dry microalgae were carbonized at a temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, at a constant increment rate of temperature of 10 °C per minute to produce microalgae charcoal. Chemically-based activation treatments using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 with concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively, assisted by microwave irradiation, have been used to prepare activated carbon. The properties of activated carbon powder were analyzed including yields, ash content, volatile substances, pure activated carbon content, absorption of iodine solution, surface area, and imaging of activated carbon using SEM-EDX. The best treatment characteristics were obtained using H3PO4 at a concentration of 50% with characteristics of 19.47% yield, 11.19% ash content, 31.92% volatile content, 56.89% pure activated carbon, 325.17 mg g−1 iodine absorption, and 109.273 m2 g−1 surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, as well as a 5.5-nm average pore diameter. The SEM-EDX imaging results showed the formation of micropores on the surface of activated carbon, with carbon content reaching 72.31%; however, impurities could decrease the surface area and reduce the absorption performance of microalgae activated carbon.


Aim To establish a new fuzzy BCI-algebras.Methods Fuzzy and hyperfuzzy operations are introduced to BCI-algebras.Results A new fuzzy P-semisimple BCI-algebras is established, whose basic properties are discussed, and the two equivalent definitions of this algebra are introduced. Meanwhile, the fuzzy subalgebra is investigated.Conclusion Every fuzzy subalgebra of a fuzzy P-semisimple BCI-alegbras is also a fuzzy P-semisimple BCI-algebras.


Many of us, roboticists and those who collaborate with them, experience delight, excitement, and sometimes deep-seated, but rarely unvoiced, fears as we witness our robotic systems begin to impact human lives in countless ways. From automating driving to reshaping various facets of health care delivery, robotic systems are growing in their prevalence and intrusiveness into our daily lives. In combination with our siblings in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community, scholars continue to predict a wide range of benefits from robotics and AI systems but also serious harms, including potential existential threats to humanity. Recognized pillars of science and engineering, including Elon Musk and the late great Stephen Hawking, have given voice to the apocalyptic kinds of fears that the public may have about an increasingly automated future. Whether these fears should be taken seriously is an issue that has divided scholars for awhile now, as illustrated by debates between Bill Joy [7] and Ray Kurzweil [8] at the beginning of the 21st century. On a different scale of granularity, a category of harms that users and others are more likely to experience on a day-to-day basis is from the various types of bias encoded in, or learned by, AI systems. This category of harms is especially troublesome in the world of physical robotics. Nonembodied AI systems can obviously make decisions that have effects on human beings, such as a chatbot determining what to say in response to a customer's question on a company's helpline. Yet it will need to rely on an embodied entity (often a human) to have a direct impact on the physical world. Typically, a nonembodied AI agent provides input to humans who may then execute a physical action – whether those humans are making an employment decision to hire or fire or deciding on a health care intervention for a patient. By definition, it lacks the capability of acting on the world without assistance. Robots that have a physical form, on the other hand, can perform actions on their own. This can raise the ethical stakes in terms of the potential benefits and harms that may result from the technology. The benefits and harms that we are particularly concerned about here are related to bias.


<5-Aminolevulinate (3-AhA), an aminoketone which is preferentially utilized as a precursor for tetrapyrrole, has been shown to be synthesized from glycine and succinyl CoA through the action of5-ALA synthase [E C 220.127.116.11]. However, recently, an alternative pathway for the synthesis of the aminoketone has been demonstrated in mammals, plants and a few bacterial strains.1~5) The enzyme involved in this alternative pathway is L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase, which catalyzes the transamination between L-alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate. Recently, S-ALA and some derivatives of S-ALA have


Governance by non-interference is a significant management feature of Taiwan universities, which has such advantages as inspiring innovation, creating core competence, cultivating sustainable development ability, and so on. However, governance by non-interference doesn't mean simply that managers do nothing but act as things are being, that is mangers act only when exceptions appear and usually employees manage themselves. This management method must be on the basis of certain prerequisites: managers don't have a crush on power and employees are highly conscientious of themselves. Obviously, universities, which are used to traditional management modes, can't satisfy wholly such conditions; therefore, they should work hard, firstly, must undergo a heart revolution and adopt this kind of management philosophy. Secondly, execute strict management systems, guide and solid teachers and students to normative behavior habits, and form the culture environment of "pursuit of excellence". Finally achieve management realm of governance by non-interference gradually and achieves the goal of creating the first-class university.


Face recognition from image or video is a popular topic in biometrics research. In this research work a new hybrid approach to detect and recognize faces is proposed and implemented. The proposed algorithm uses Viola Jones method to detect face area from a complex background and then uses the same image to create a database of images. In the recognition part, it again detects the face area and computes the Euclidean Distance of the current face with that of the face images in the training database. The minimum Euclidean distance parameter is used to recognize the correct face, if it is available in the database. The algorithm shows good results in terms of recognition rate as compared to some previous research work in similar field.


In order to quickly and efficiently deliver tobacco products and reduce the cost and time of delivery, according to its regional characters, the tobacco product delivery process of Guangxi was optimized by taking artificial intelligence, operations research and other methods as theoretical bases combining with cluster analysis algorithm. The optimization algorithm model and procedures were proposed based on cluster analysis, and the regional plannings for transit stations and periodic delivery areas were conducted and the delivery routes for the later were optimized. The results of application showed that, after optimization, the number of transit stations reduced from 10 to 7 and delivery routes decreased by 30% in total. Delivery nodes became more concentrated, the cost and time of delivery were saved, and the operational efficiency of tobacco logistics was improved.


Single-phase nanoparticles of brookite, a less common polymorph of TiO2 than rutile and anatase, were successfully synthesized using a water-soluble titanium–glycolate complex as the precursor and nanoparticle growth by an oleate-modified hydrothermal growth method. The synthesized particles were approximately 30 nm in size, had high crystallinity, and were highly dispersible in water. The morphology of the synthesized particles was a pseudocube surrounded mainly with four {210} and two {001} faces, accompanying truncation with small {111} facets. It is considered that the preferential absorption of oleate molecules on {210} and {001} faces resulted in the pseudocubic crystal shape.


Music emotion recognition is increasingly becoming important in scientific research and practical applications. Due to the differences in musical characteristics between Western and Chinese classical music, it is necessary to investigate the distinctions in music emotional feature sets to improve the accuracy of cross-cultural emotion recognition models. Therefore, a comparative study on emotion recognition in Chinese and Western classical music was conducted. Using the V-A model as an emotional perception model, approximately 1000 pieces of Western and Chinese classical excerpts in total were selected, and approximately 20-dimension feature sets for different emotional dimensions of different datasets were finally extracted. We considered different kinds of algorithms at each step of the training process, from pre-processing to feature selection and regression model selection. The results reveal that the combination of MaxAbsScaler pre-processing and the wrapper method using the recursive feature elimination algorithm based on extremely randomized trees is the optimal algorithm. The harmonic change detection function is a culturally universal feature, whereas spectral flux is a culturally specific feature for Chinese classical music. It is also found that pitch features are more significant for Western classical music, whereas loudness and rhythm features are more significant for Chinese classical music.


A method for producing a patterned conductive base, which comprises: a step for forming a resist layer on a part of the outermost layer of a conductive base wherein at least a base, an inorganic oxide layer and a conductive layer are sequentially formed in this order; and a step for patterning the conductive layer by bringing the conductive base into contact with an aqueous solution containing fluoride ions, thereby removing the conductive layer together with the inorganic oxide layer in portions where the resist is not formed. Provided is a novel method for patterning a conductive film, which has excellent handleability and for which existing equipment can be used.


Eliminating legalese in and improving clarity of form documents occasionally is an arduous task, but tools are available to assist lawyers in this particular task. Specifically, a new book, Hereof, Thereof, and Everywhereof – A Contrarian Guide to Legal Drafting ("Hereof Thereof"), provides comprehensive and insightful legal drafting techniques to business lawyers with a particular emphasis on drafting in "plain English." Hereof Thereof, authored by Howard Darmstadter, maintains the central theme that business lawyers should draft legal documents that their clients can easily understand. Darmstadter uses humorous, specific examples to reinforce the principles he covers in the book.


Firstly, the authors merely adapted, without critical review, Furukawa et al.'s study of placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised trials of new generation antidepressants in Japan.(2) Although Furukawa et al. initially identified 11 trials for inclusion, sponsoring companies only agreed to provide access to patient-level data for six. Two of these could not be included in the primary analysis because the data were only available through a remote portal. Further, the trials lasted for only 6-8 weeks and the authors did not report on adverse effects. Furukawa et al. found that the efficacy of antidepressants was below the level of clinical relevance (1.62 points [95% Confidence interval, 0.81 to 2.43] on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at 8 weeks). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Teaching effect evaluation of College English is frequently considered as a multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. Thus, a novel MAGDM method is needed to tackle it. Depending on the classical TOPSIS method and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), this paper designs a novel intuitive distance-based IVIF-TOPSIS method for teaching effect evaluation of College English. First of all, a related literature review is conducted. Furthermore, some necessary theories related to IVIFSs are briefly reviewed. In addition, the weights of attribute are decided objectively by using the CRITIC method. Afterwards, relying on novel distance measures between IVIFSs, the conventional TOPSIS method is extended to the IVIFSs to calculate closeness degree of each alternative from the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy positive ideal solution (IVIF-PIS). Finally, an empirical example about teaching effect evaluation of College English and some comparative analyses have been given. The results show that the designed method is useful for teaching effect evaluation of College English.


In this study, we consider the summatory function of convolutions of the Mobius function with harmonic numbers, and we show that these summatory functions are linked to the distribution of prime numbers. In particular, we give infinitely many asymptotics which are consequences of the Riemann hypothesis. We also give quantitative estimate for the moment function which counts non-integer hyperharmonic numbers. Then, we obtain the asymptotic behaviour of hyperharmonics.


Introduction and objectives: There is controversy regarding the most appropriate goals for blood pressure control. We assess the benefits and risks of chossing different therapeutic thresholds. Methods: We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of large clinical trials in order to assess the impact of different therapeutic strategies on the reduction of car-


Those mountains that appear frequently in the early poems of Park, Mok-Wol are his intensive method for aesthetics and ideal. Based on this idea, the paper tries to clarify the aesthetic root of his poetry focusing on his poems of mountains. In his poetry, mountains inherit tradition and manifest themselves as new aesthetic spaces through creative representations. Those representations, which are based on Oriental Classic Literature, are plain and secure simple aesthetic composition and ideal. This comes from the fact that Park, Mok-Wol considered the world of Oriental Painting as his aesthetic ideal and took its composition. Choice which works as an important method in his poems is a strict act of adopting or rejecting the object, and most of his aesthetics seems to have been realized by choice. With this aesthetic sense and pursuit, his poems of mountains secure the unique traditional beauty and ideal and show the mysterious world like Oriental Painting. Those mountains which are his poetic escape for rest and peace are manifested as an aesthetic utopia which he dreams of. Thus the mountains in his poems have the characteristics of the Oriental and unique ideal like Happy Valley where supernatural peach blossoms flower and blue roe deer live. Those mountains realize the ideal world which is the original space and secures the eternity of solitude. As such, those mountains in the poems that Park, Mok-Wol pursues are his intensive method for traditional aesthetics and ideal and secure unique aesthetic aura. His poems inherit tradition but also build his own unique mountains in the lineage of mountain poetry with the classic image and aesthetics that he preoccupies.


We describe the construction of a new type of modular equation for Weber functions. These bear some relationship to Weber's modular equations of the irrational kind. Numerous examples of these equations are explicitly computed. We also obtain some modular equations of the irrational kind which are not present in Weber's work.


The research did the process of image transmission by using wavelet transform. The image transmission used reyleigh fading chanal. Fading will disturb or will decrease the performance of communication system. This condition will caused on error detection signal so that it caused the change of bit or symbol at reciever. At reciever, techniques of  diversity equal gain combining are used to repair the performance of transmission system. The result of image reconstruction shown that image transmission that used  diversity technique is better than the image transmission without using diversity technique. The implementation of technique diversity equal gain combaining at the reciever will improve the performance of communication system.


The story follows a young woman who seeks to overcome the emotional wounds of a past relationship. Blending the immersive realms of webcomics and intricately crafted VR environments, viewers are transported into the protagonist's world and intimately involved in her journey of self-discovery and healing.


The cover picture shows how the evaporation of water vapor driven by the adsorption into an empty MOF-sorbent generates useful cooling (for air-conditioning) and useful heat of adsorption. The principle is demonstrated in the right half of the picture. The infrared photograph in the lower right part visualizes the different temperature levels after opening the manual valve with cooling to 5 °C of the water container and heating to 45 °C of the sorbent material. The empty MOF can be regenerated in minute intervals, preferably by solar heat. Details for MIL-101, which adsorbs 1 g of water per gram of MOF, are discussed in the Short Communication by J. Ehrenmann, S. Henninger and C. Janiak on p. 471 ff.


Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant cancer among women worldwide. Germline variations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are strong predictors of breast cancer development. To estimate the risk of people carrying these variations, we integrate the variation sites and risk level to establish a breast cancer prediction module in iCMDB database (Vishuo Biomedical, Singapore), annotating breast cancer-related genotype and the phenotype. As for some hotspots with controversy, we collect these data and calibrate to get a more accurate result. In this article, we take the N372H polymorphism (rs144848) in BRCA2 as an example to illuminate the meta-analysis we have performed. This meta-analysis suggests that the BRCA2 372H allele may be a low-penetrant risk factor (allele model, OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.004-1.072) for developing breast cancer.


The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has developed and patented Hybrid Bioreactors that simultaneously destroy water and air contaminants with dramatic savings over existing treatment methods. Contaminants destroyed include a wide variety of chlorinated solvents and VOCs such as TCE, DCE, methylene chloride, BTEX, and fuel components. The new bioreactors can be used in a variety of applications ranging from site restoration to industrial compliance. Cost comparisons show that Hybrid Bioreactors achieve dramatic savings over water treatment methods used at Superfund sites. For chlorinated solvent removal, water decontamination costs using Hybrid Bioreactors are generally less than one-tenth of costs reported by EPA and DOE at Superfund sites. Furthermore, Hybrid Bioreactor decontamination costs for fuel components, BTEX, and other VOCs are generally only one-tenth those for chlorinated solvents. Air stripping simply transfers water contaminants to the atmosphere, and carbon adsorption only transfers the contaminants to another medium; removal and disposal of the contaminants are still necessary. Thermal oxidation generates secondary waste streams such as NOx , CO, and toxic by products for release to the atmosphere. However, TVA's Hybrid Bioreactors destroy both water and air contaminants in a single step and generate no contaminated off gases or other secondary waste streams. TVA is currently demonstrating a 300-cubic-foot mobile Hybrid Bioreactor in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, to develop design information for commercial deployment. Further information is available at: http://www.tva.com/environment/envservices/alw_biofilter.htm and at http://www.tva.com/environment/envservices/alw_pubs.htm#biofilter.


This article is derived from the research carried out in a school in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain, which under the current Organic Law 8/2013 from December 9th for the Improvement of Educational Quality (LOMCE) contemplates the subject of Economics in the cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) in the fourth year. The essential objective of this research has been to investigate the guidelines established by the Organization for Cooperation and Development (OECD) to incorporate financial education into educational curricula, and their reflection in the school context. With this purpose a naturalistic design based on an instrumental case study was carried out at an ESO institute in the Andalusian Community. As for the results and conclusions, special relevance has been given to the tandem formed by the LOMCE and the economic organizations and financial institutions in the definition of the educational policies that outline the teaching of Economics contents in the school, as well as their incidence in the construction of mental schemes referred to the economic on the part of the students of this subject.


This work is part of a continuing study of p-CdTe thin films grown by ion-assisted doping during vacuum evaporation. Ion-assisted doping has clearly demonstrated an ability to control the carrier density in p-CdTe. Results are reported from In/p-CdTe Schottky barriers and from n-CdS/p-CdTe heterojunctions prepared with a systematic variation in the p-CdTe carrier density. The ion-assisted doping process itself appears to be responsible for a decrease in the J/sub sc/ through a reduction in the minority carrier lifetime and in the interface collection function h(0). J/sub sc/ increased through the use of a two-layer CdTe structure in which undoped CdTe is at the CdS/CdTe interface.<<ETX>>


Objective: To identify the role of video-electroencephalography (VEEG) in the diagnosis of intractable epileptic and nonepileptic events. Methods: Two experienced neurologists independently reviewed VEEGs of consecutive patients referred to our epilepsy monitoring unit during the period 2003-2005. R e s u l t s : There were 33 patients in all (16 males and 17 females, mean age 23 years) with a mean VEEG recording time of 21 hours. Clinically, 16 had partial and 17 had generalized seizures. A total of fifteen patients did not show any epileptiform activity during the recording. Of these, 12 epileptic patients were referred for possible pseudoseizures due to the atypical nature of their episodes. This diagnosis was confirmed via negative EEG correlations in all these patients. Conclusion: Video-EEG reliably identifies a very important subset of patients with suspected epilepsy who actually have non-epileptic pseudoseizures. The technique also accurately correlates partial seizures with epileptiform discharges arising from a recognizable focus.


The purpose of the study was to compare the cushioning effect of the Nike Air Pegasus 2004 and the Spira Volare IITM during running. Measured variables were peak force, peak force relative to body weight and time-to-peak force. It was determined that time-to-peak force was not significantly different (p=0.1745) between the Spira and the Nike. There were significant differences found in peak force values (p=0.0184) with Nike exhibiting higher forces than Spira. Peak forces normalized to body weight exhibited a significant shoe by gender interaction (p=0.032). Further analysis revealed the Nike had significantly higher forces than the Spira for females (p=0.0048) but not for males (p=0.8544). It was concluded that the Spira Volare II is similar to the Nike Air Pegasus 2004 in time-to-peak force but significantly lower in peak forces, particularly for females.


Diaptomus oregonensis in Teapot Lake produces diapausing eggs between October and the time in November when a fall overturn deoxygenates the water and kills all zooplankton. The only visible difference between resting and subitaneous eggs was that the former were reddish-brown and the latter green. Resting eggs incubated in the laboratory at about 4C in October and November will hatch at about the same time the following spring in the laboratory as they do in Teapot Lake, but they can be induced to hatch sooner at higher temperatures if they have experienced about 3–4 weeks at 4C. Diapausing eggs that have not initially experienced the low temperature are capable of surviving at warmer temperatures (14C) for extended periods and can subsequently be induced to hatch by exposure to cold.


Herein, we report a green and continuous hydrothermal process for the direct synthesis of phosphor nanoparticles ((Y0.96: Eu0.04) OOH) surface functionalised with citric acid. The particles are obtained directly from the process as a stable aqueous suspension with a crystallite size of 25.57 ± 7.08 nm. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to assess the excitation and emission spectra of the materials which showed broad UV excitation and red emission due to 5 D0 → 7 F1 and 5 D0 → 7 F2 transitions in europium. To demonstrate the feasibility of these materials to serve as optical probes in biological applications, an in-vitro flourescence microscopy assay was performed using an immortal cell line (COS7) at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm and emission at 620 nm (allowing particle visualisation without significant cellular autoflouresence). The particles were successfully visualised within cell bodies and freely diffusing in solution.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been established that the period of menopause, associated with an increase in age and a change in the metabolic background, increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in women with diabetes mellitus. Despite tentative expectations, a number of studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding the beneficial effects of menopausal hormone therapy on CV risk markers in diabetes mellitus. In this connection, therapy with hormonal preparations containing estrogen is currently not recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the absence of specific indications. At the same time, estrogen therapy can be used in this group to minimize menopausal symptoms. At the same time, the risk of adverse events associated with the use of menopausal hormone therapy can be estimated using calculation methods for determining cardiovascular risk and breast cancer risk using specific calculators, especially in the group of women with type 2 diabetes.The main principles of cardiovascular risk management continue to focus on lifestyle modification and achieving target levels of cardiovascular risk parameters such as lipid levels, glycemia, and blood pressure. The use of pharmacological therapy to address these risk factors, especially some pleiotropic antihyperglycemic drugs, may provide additional options for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.


Given the changing consumer, business, and government attitudes toward consumption and the environment, firms look poised to adopt Reverse Logistics strategies. Reverse logistics (RL) is a research area focused on the management of the product returns for the purpose of recapturing value through reuse, remanufacturing, recycling or proper disposal. This topic has attracted the attention of not only professionals of the corporate sector but also academics who have addressed different issues of RL over the last three decades. A perusal of the literature shows that various issues related to RL decision making have been reviewed extensively, namely RL networking, outsourcing, adoption and implementation. Owing the importance of RL Forecasting, this paper provides a comprehensive and structured literature review of the RL Forecasting issue. Indeed, a total of 70 papers published from 1986 to 2018 were selected, categorized and analyzed using content analysis method. The research gaps were then identified, discussed and suggestions were made for future research opportunity.


Purpose – Shaw et al. identified the need for alcohol counsellors to have "therapeutic commitment" when working with clients or patients with alcohol problems. Studies building on this work have focussed on how such commitment can be increased. In addition, as helping agencies have increasingly offered support services to people with drug related problems, attention has also been given to staff "therapeutic commitment" when working with both alcohol and drug using populations. This study aims to report on the evaluation of the impact of an alcohol and drugs awareness training programme which was provided for personal advisors (PAs) for young vulnerable people based in a government funded criminal justice project in London.Design/methodology/approach – A three‐day alcohol and drug awareness programme was provided for 38 personal advisors. Participants completed an adapted version of the alcohol and alcohol problems perception questionnaire (AAPPQ) assessment instrument, previously developed by Shaw et al.,...


The production cross section of B + mesons is measured as a function of transverse momentum p T and rapidity y in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV, using 2.4 fb − 1 of data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The di ff erential cross section is measured in eight intervals of p T and four intervals of | y | , covering the range 9 GeV < p T < 120 GeV and | y | < 2 . 25. The di ff erential production cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order theoretical predictions.


Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the western world. Even though much effort has been put into research and development of effective drugs against ischemic damage there is to date no effective pharmacological brain protective treatment. In order to study particular molecular mechanisms, isolated cellular events and the contribution of individual factors in ischemic damage, in vitro models resembling the in vivo situation are needed. The aim of this thesis was to establish and describe an in vitro model of ischemia that reproduces the cell death pattern following ischemia in vivo, using mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. In most models, in vitro ischemia is mimicked by the deprivation of oxygen and glucose (OGD) in a medium with an ion composition similar to that of the extra cellular fluid of the normal brain (2-4 mM K+, 2-3 mM Ca2+ and pH 7.4). During in vivo ischemia the distribution of ions across cell membranes shifts. We therefore exposed cultures to OGD in a medium with 70 mM K+, 0.3 mM Ca2+ and pH 6.5-6.8, similar to the extracellular fluid of the brain during ischemia in vivo. Damage induced by 12-15 minutes of OGD in this medium is delayed and observed only in the CA1 region, similar as in in vivo models of ischemia. Another feature of in vivo ischemia is the aggravating effect of glucose on damage. In our model high levels of glucose during the insult delayed and aggravated damage. Our results demonstrate that glucose in combination with acidosis mediates the detrimental effect. The cell death caused by glucose-free ischemia was inhibited by antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors, but when glucose was present during ischemia the same antagonists had no effect.

Hypothermia is the most powerful method for protecting the brain from ischemic damage. In our model hypothermia of 31°C during both IVI and hyperglycemic IVI provided profound protection, whereas hypothermia only after the insult did not affect the development of damage in either of the paradigms.

Following glucose-free ischemia no immunoreactivity of activated caspase-3 could be seen and neither was there any effect of a pancaspase inhibitor, instead activation of the MPTP was induced. In the hyperglycemic paradigm the dentate gyrus displayed active caspase-3 and cell death in this region was abolished by the caspase inhibitor. Cell death in the CA1 region following hyperglycemic IVI could have a component of caspase activity, but neither the MPTP nor caspases play critical roles.

Activation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) is thought to be protective. But the deletion of the A1R-gene did not influence the outcome neither following ischemia in a mouse global ischemia model nor following in vitro ischemia. The results suggest that some effects of A1 receptors are compensated for in knockout animals.

In conclusion this model of in vitro ischemia mimics central features of in vivo ischemia and can be useful in future studies of the mechanisms and treatment of ischemic cell death.


Distillation is undoubtedly the most important unit operation in chemical engineering. During design a significant effort is normally put into steady-state optimization of the column with respect to its size, feed location and reflux ratio. However, operating the column close to this optimal point requires reasonably tight control of the product compositions. This is usually not achieved in industrial practice due to stability problems. Improved strategies for distillation control offer a viable means for significant economic savings as compared to the existing ad hoc techniques. This thesis addresses robust control of distillation columns in the face of model-plant mismatch caused by model uncertainty, nonlinearity and changes in operating conditions. The robust control paradigm, introduced by Doyle and coworkers, is used as the basis for controller design and analysis. An important tool is the Structured Singular Value (SSV) which enables the evaluation of a plant's achievable control performance. This provides a consistent basis for comparing controllers and design alternatives. Achievable performance is also related to other commonly used measures such as the RGA and the condition number.

Physical insight is used to derive low-order column models which address the issues most important for feedback control. It is shown that the dynamic behavior can be explained in terms of the fundamental difference between external and internal flows. This difference manifests itself both at steady-state and in the dynamic response. Furthermore, the initial response, which is of principal importance for feedback control, is affected much less by changes in the operating conditions than is the steady-state response. The initial response is even less markedly affected when logarithmic compositions are used.

An important issue in distillation control is which two of the possible five manipulated inputs should be selected for composition control; each configuration may yield entirely different control performance. Issues which must be addressed include model uncertainty and dynamic response as well as rejection of flow disturbances by the level loops.

Finally, a design method for robust decentralized controllers, which generalizes the SSV-interaction measure of Grosdidier and Morari, is introduced. Each loop is designed independently such that robust performance of the overall system is guaranteed.


Educational Management Information System designed to encode a direct impact on the stability and security throughout the system or not,need to consider the uniqueness of the design codes,standards,scalability and stability of the principle of this proposed design of the specific coding scheme coding for the Educational Management Information System designed to provide some lessons of experience.


Abstract In this paper I tackle the question of what basic form an analytical method for articulating and ultimately assessing visual representations should take. I start from the assumption that scientific images, being less prone to interpretive complication than artworks, are ideal objects from which to engage this question. I then assess a recent application of Nelson Goodman's aesthetics to the project of parsing scientific images, Laura Perini's 'The truth in pictures'. I argue that, although her project is an important one, her Goodmanian conventionalism produces a method of analysis that is incapable of adequately parsing a certain class of pictures and her focus on truth is unnecessary. This speaks against the promise of Goodman's analytical strategy for elucidating visual content and reasoning in the sciences and elsewhere. As an alternative, I develop John Willats' analytical method and compare it to Perini's through engaging three of her examples—a chemical diagram, a graph and an electron micrograph. Ultimately, a space remains open for a mixed system where Willats' account provides pictorial analysis and the Goodman–Perini approach parses visual languages.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to extend the understanding of self-congruity theory to the domain of restaurant patronage. In combination with sociometer theory, we propose a set of relationships among self-image, place commitment, and post-consumption behavior including loyalty and word-of-mouth. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of restaurant consumers in the United States. Analysis of the data demonstrates that while the consumer's ideal self-image is a significant driver of place commitment and post-consumption behavior, his/her actual self-image is not a significant predictor of these constructs. These findings are considered, and implications for theory and practice are discussed.


Project POPACS (Polar Orbiting Passive Atmospheric Calibration Spheres) is set to launch at the end of 2012 so as to coincide with the start of Solar Maximum 24. This project is spearheaded by small-satellite enthusiast and Starshine manager Gil Moore, who is the science lead and launch funder. The project will use the 3U Canisterized Satellite Dispenser (3U CSD) developed by Planetary Systems Corporation (PSC) to launch three 10 cm diameter spheres of different masses (1, 1.5, and 2 kg). These spheres will be tracked to measure changes in the density of the upper auroral atmosphere in response to solar stimuli. However, there are several inherent design concerns. For one, machining spheres is no small task, and is usually accomplished by machining and assembling two hemispheres. The proposed sphere is comprised of one 6061-T6 aluminum (1 kg) and two stainless steel (1.5 and 2 kg) hollow shells plated with a highly reflective metallic finish for tracking purposes. Due to the mass, tolerance, and center of gravity requirements, designing a way to attach the hemispheres becomes a challenge. Also, because the 3U CSD is designed for use with CubeSats, a suspension and deployment mechanism must be designed to ensure the spheres do not come in contact with each other or the CSD. Any contact could cause structural deformation (dents) or damages to surface finish and thus compromise the mission. Ideally, there would be minimal points of contact, and at these points a rubber O-ring would be used as an interface. The spacers must also not interfere in the orbit path of the spheres, and, preferably, should remain with the CSD rather than become orbital debris. The design is to be treated as a dynamic envelope within the CSD, and must fit tight tolerances set by PSC, particularly when subjected to vibration. For structural stability, 6061 aluminum or higher would be best, but mass restrictions must be taken into consideration. The total mass of the spacer-sphere assembly must be less that 6 kg. This paper presents the designs selected to mitigate the concerns and enable the mission to proceed as desired: a sphere assembly with threaded halves for mating, and the spring-loaded "banana peel" suspension and deployment mechanism.


This report seeks to update and expand upon a 2007 (Vachal and McGowan) report by determining changes in traffic safety policy that may have occurred in each of the Northern Rocky Mountain Region (NRMR) states (Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming) between 2006 and 2010. The report will ascertain what affect those policy changes have had on specific traffic safety issues, and compare each of the NRMR states with one another, with the NRMR region as a whole, and with the United States overall. In general, NRMR State Highway Safety Plan/Highway Safety Plans continue to focus on aggressive driving/speeding, impaired driving, seat belt use, graduate driver licensing, motorcycle safety and pedestrian safety. Traffic fatalities have declined in this region. There have been few changes made to NRMR state traffic safety policies from 2006 to 2010, so the likelihood that these declines resulted from changes in state law is low. Future research is needed to explain the decline in traffic fatalities in the NRMR.


International migration is one of the prominent facts in the contemporary world, which affects the political, socio-economic and cultural processes both in origin and destination countries. Historically, Western Europe has been one of the most attractive destinations for migrants because of the level of socio-economic development and political stability. However, there are many complex institutional, socio-economic and cultural issues to be addressed to achieve the integration of migrants and to eliminate social inequalities between the native populations and migrants in these host countries.
In this respect, this book examines some aspects of socio-economic disparities between native populations and the migrants in Belgium, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Different migration histories, labour market features and welfare state characteristics of these countries are expected to provide insight about how the integration-related and inequality-related issues emerge in diverse social and institutional settings. The study covers the empirical analyses of the disparities in the labour market and accessing the social benefits between 2004 and 2016 by using comparable cross- country survey data. These analyses attempt to demonstrate the relationships between these two domains. The study has a comparative approach, which aims at providing comparable evidence both across the countries and over time in each of the selected countries.


An experiment was conducted to study the nature and extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance between different traits across cropping systems i.e. monocropping and intercropping of lentil with linseed, in order to facilitate identification of suitable genotypes and traits for future breeding programme aimed at lentil improvement. A thorough screening of the material studied under the present investigation revealed sufficient variability for all the twelve characters under monocropping and intercropping systems except plant height, primary branches per plant and pods per cluster in monocropping system. Thus, there appears to be a greater scope for bringing about improvement in these traits. Genotypes identified to be promising and superior to the best check consistently in both the cropping system were L 1-50, PL-406, L-4147, L 1-24, Pusa-4, 2147, Precoz like, L 1-3, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-25 and L-207, besides being either immune or resistant to Fusarium wilt.


Johanna Geyer-Kordesch, Fiona Macdonald

Hambledon Press, £30, pp 478

ISBN 1 85285 186 4

Andrew Hull, Johanna Geyer-Kordesch

Hambledon Press, £30, pp 288

ISBN 1 85285 187 2

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![Graphic][4] Most of the major royal colleges have commissioned solid scholarly histories. Here is the latest, representing five years' work by three historians of medicine funded by the Wellcome Trust. But the titles are misleading because, rather than merely being an account of the Glasgow Faculty and of the physicians and surgeons of Glasgow, the pair of books are admirably more comprehensive and interesting. They cover the whole history of medicine, in the broadest sense, of Glasgow and western Scotland from the 16th century, and even the medical novels of Smollett and John Moore.

When it was founded in 1599, the Glasgow Faculty included not only physicians and surgeons …

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Abstract A headmaster considered as a source of information in the school is needed by the teachers, so what have been delivered can be done for the development of the teacher itself and also for students. The purposes of this study
are To describe (1) communication management of the headmaster, including: Profesioanal teacher, Discipline teacher, and Responsibility of teachers. (2) Factors that inhibit communication between the headmaster and the teachers. (3) Solutions that the headmaster should undertake to break communication barriers with the teachers. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data collection techniques were conducted through interview, observation, and documentation. Subjects of this study were the headmaster, while the informations in this study were: teachers, headmaster and school committees at State Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Karanganom. Data analysis was done by; Data reduction, Data presentation, Conclusion and Verification of data. Validity of data was done by credibility used source and model triangulation. The results shows that: (1) Communication of the headmaster in improving teacher professional, teacher discipline as well as responsibility of the teacher is to convey the message to the teacher either orally (calling and direct reprimand) or in writing (warning letter) as well as providing a good example for teachers.(2) Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors of communication management between the headmaster and the teachers is double position job of headmaster position in other school. (3) Continuous efforts from the headmaster to create a relaxed and open atmosphere with the teachers, in order to establish a kinship atmosphere and be embedded a high level of dedication and responsibility.
Keywords: Communication Management of Headmaster


Acknowledgement Authors are acknowledging to the Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi for giving us a financial and technical support to conduct this study. Article info. Received: February 19, 2020 Accepted: September 12, 2020 Funding Source: Nil Conflict of Interest: Nil Cite this article: Rehman AA, Riaz A, Asghar MA, Sikander B, Baig M. Screening of Anxiolytic and Antidepressant of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Syzugium Cumini in Mice, RADS J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2020; 8(2):91-97. *Address of Correspondence Author: email@example.com Background: Anxiety and depression are very common in clinical practice and reduce the overall quality of life. In recent years, various researchers have focused on natural products which are derived from medicinal plants. Studies suggested that diet rich in flavonoids, vitamins and antioxidants are the important components in reduction of anxiety and depression. Objective: Hence current investigation was aimed to assess the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Syzygium cumini in mice at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Methods: These effects were mainly evaluated twice at 8th and 15th days by elevated plus maze, open field test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Results and Conclusion: In open field test S. cumini showed escalation rearing in numbers and its duration which indicates improved exploratory behavior and locomotor activity of the animals. In EPM, there was increase in entries numbers and time spent in open arm. Decrease in immobility duration observed at low dose while high dose increased immobility duration in FST. Hence outcomes of current study indicate that S. cumini have anxiolytic and anti-depressant effect.


A truly noninvasive blood glucose-sensing device could revolutionalize diabetes treatment and coupled with advances in microelectronics can improve compliance with recommended glucose levels and greatly influence the cost of diabetes monitoring. The paper describes a Multivariate PLSR system for blood glucose prediction by considering 5 major variants in human blood i.e Glucose, Alanine, Ascorbate, Lactate and Urea. The typical biological system that resembles human blood tissue consisting of five major constituents has been tested on the Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model reported by the authors elsewhere. Multivariate PLSR model is experimentally validated for 12 templates recorded using Schimatzu FTIR 8400S in the range 400cm−1 to 5000 cm−1. The model was validated using 2 approaches, namely, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Clark Error Grid Analysis (CEGA) plot. The dependence of variate prediction on Principal Component Analysis(PCA) factors is also described and analyzed in detail.