The development of techniques that could be useful in fields other than biological warfare agents countermeasures such as medical diagnostics, industrial microbiology, and environmental applications have become a very important subject of research. Raman spectroscopy can be used in near field or at long distances from the sample to obtain fingerprinting information of chemical composition of microorganisms. In this research, biochemical components of the cell wall and endospores of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were identified by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy using silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) reduced by hydroxylamine and borohydride capped with sodium citrate. Activation of "hot spots", aggregation and surface charge modification of the NPs, was studied and optimized to obtain signal enhancements from Bt by SERS. Slight aggregation of the NPs as well as surface charge modification to a more acidic ambient was induced using small-size borohydride-reduced NPs in the form of metallic suspensions aimed at increasing the Ag NP-Bt interactions. Hydroxylamine-reduced NPs required slight aggregation and no pH modifications in order to obtain high spectral quality results in bringing out SERS signatures of Bt.


Current models of the effect of spontaneous emission on the electron beam dynamics neglect the discreteness of electron recoil associated with photon emission. We present a novel, one-dimensional model of the effect of spontaneous emission on the electron beam dynamics in an undulator both in the classical regime where discrete electron recoil is negligible, and in the quantum regime where it is significant. It is shown that in the classical regime, continuous decrease of the average electron energy and diffusive growth of the electron energy spread occurs, in agreement with previous classical models. In the quantum regime, it is shown that the evolution of the electron momentum distribution occurs as discrete momentum groups according to a Poisson distribution. The narrow momentum features of the quantum regime may be useful for generation of coherent radiation, which relies on electron beams having sufficiently narrow momentum/energy distributions.


It is readily seen that |A+ B| ≥ |A|+ |B| − 1. (1) Moreover, equality holds if and only if |A| = 1 or |B| = 1 or A and B are arithmetic progressions with the same difference, that is, of the form A = {a+ (j − 1)d | 1 ≤ j ≤ l} and B = {b+ (j − 1)d | 1 ≤ j ≤ l′}, the integers l and l′ being called the length of the arithmetic progressions. In what follows, we concentrate our efforts on the case B = t.A, where we denote (to avoid any ambiguity with the t-fold sumset) t.A = {ta | a ∈ A}. Freiman [2] (see also [6]) went a step beyond (1) by showing that if A is a set of integers such that |A+A| ≤ 3|A| − 4, (2) then A is a subset of a short arithmetic progression; more precisely there are integers a and d such that A ⊂ {a+ (j − 1)d | 1 ≤ j ≤ l}, where the length l of the arithmetic progression is less than |A+A|−|A|+1. This result is called the 3k− 4 Theorem since the early notation of Freiman was |A| = k. The original proof is elementary. In [3] Freiman generalized the 3k − 4 Theorem to the sum of distinct sets. In particular, he proved it for A−A. Recent works [5, 1] on sum-free sets are based on this last result. In 1993, Steinig found another proof (which appeared recently in [14]) of this generalized result and a short proof of a more general result was proposed


In Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution of pH 3.5, chromazurol S has a well defined second order derivative linear sweep voltammetric wave at -0.92 V (vs.SCE). Adding human serum albumin (HSA) to the chromazurol S solution resulted in the decrease of the peak current and without the change of peak potential, which indicated that a super-molecular complex was formed. The conditions of interaction and electrochemical determination were optimized carefully. Under the optimum conditions, the peak current of chromazurol S decreased proportionally to the HSA concentration from 6.0 to 20.0 mg·L -1 ,the linear regression equation is Δi p″(nA)= 49.04+10.23c(mg·L -1 ),γ = 0.996 2. The method was applied to determining the content of HSA in blood samples and the results were in good accordance with the traditional coomassie brilliant blue G-250 spectrophotometric assay.


Objective To observe the changes and significance of blood fat and myocardial enzymes in patients with hypothyroid myopathy before and after substitutional treatment.Methods The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C,AST, LDH, HBDH and CKMB were detected in 72 cases with hypothyroid myopathy patients before and after substitutional treatment and 60 healthy controls. Results The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in hypothyroid myopathy patients before substitutional treatment were significantly higher than those in control group ( all P < 0. 05 ), and then significantly low after treatment,which had no significant difference with control group( all P >0. 05). The levels of AST,LDH,HBDH and CKMB in hypothyroid myopathy patients before substitutional treatment were significantly higher than those in control group( all P < 0. 05 ) ,and then significantly low after treatment,which had no significant difference with control group( all P >0. 05). Conclusion The levels of blood fat and myocardial enzymes were significantly increased in hypothyroid myopathy patients, and recovery to normal after substitutional treatment.

Key words:
Hypothyroid myopathy;  Substitutional treatment;  Blood fat;  Myocardial enzymes


Adolescence is a unique phase because at this stage the person becomes more independent, and togetherness intensity with peers increases at this stage. However, adolescent relationships with peers can affect positively or negatively on adolescent characters. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adolescent-peers communication and attachment on adolescent characters. The study was conducted in Pamijahan, Bogor Regency, involving 109 students of Vocational High School (SMK). Data were collected by using a modified instrument of the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire and VIA-Youth. Data were processed by using descriptive analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated high communication problem between adolescents and their peers. In addition, that was low openness among adolescents and their peers. The attachment between adolescents and their peers were also found low. The scores of rural adolescents character in this study were relatively low. It was allegedly associated with a low score of communication and attachment with peers. Results of regression analysis showed that only the attachment with peers has a significant effect on the scores of adolescent characters in rural.


Based on (3-D) FE limit analyses using large geometry change option, this paper provide plastic limit load solutions for pipe bends with local wall-thinning under in-plane bending. Plastic limit loads are determined from load-displacement curves using TES (Twice-elastic slope) method. For the bending mode, both closing and opening bending are considered. Wall-thinning both in extrados and in intrados is considered. Combinations of bending modes and wall-thinning locations lead to different stress states (tension or compression) over wall-thinning regions. These are significantly affecting plastic limit loads. Other relevant variables affecting plastic limit loads are varied, related to pipe bend geometry (mean radius, thickness and bend curvature) and defect geometry (length, depth and width of wall-thinning). Based on FE results, closed-form approximations of plastic limit loads are proposed for pipe bends with local wall-thinning under in-plane bending.


National spirit is the spiritual pillar for the existence and development of the nation.To understand the implied meaning of national spirit,we should make it clear the relationship between national spirit and national culture,racial consciousness and nation character.


conversations in different 'exolingual' settings (Lüdi, Höchle, and Yanaprasart in press). Social representations of languages and multilingualism are, however, a 'reality' as powerful as is observable linguistic behaviour. As noted by Bothorel-Witz and Tsanadou-Jakoberger (2012), discourse analysis has highlighted widely shared representations (i.e. sets of elements shared within or by a group or society). The relatively stable parts of the representations of various social objects (varieties/practices, multilingual skills, language policy and laws, and so on.) are turned into discourse objects in interviews and texts, including scientific ones. Through recurrent thematisation over decades and centuries, this common-sense knowledge becomes hardened into a solid social reality. This then has an important impact on the various practices – not least those of the authors of language policies and laws that are moving in a social space, the corner-points of which are precisely made of such discursive constructions. In this sense, we should consider linking a theory of language use in multilingual society that includes the 'polylingualism norms' highlighted by Jørgensen (as well as the more traditional 'monolingual multilingualism norms') with one dealing with the construction – and deconstruction – of social representations (i.e. 'ideologies') as they can be observed through discourse analysis. This book by Kjær and Adamo does not go as far as this, because of the rather loose links among the chapters, but it does represent an important first step in the right direction.


Due to the influence of the complexity of the wind power generator on the blade in the natural environment, the gyroscope and the barometric altimeter are used to design the monitoring system to realize the monitoring of the running state and environment of the fan in the operation of the large wind turbine. The system is composed of two gyroscope pressure altimeter sensors module and a main control module, and the data is processed by the ARM cortex-m0 kernel microcontroller. MPU6050 gyroscope sensor module USES, in view of the characteristics of the MEMS devices which are caused by the low precision and data of problem, through adaptive Kalman filter for data processing, to improve its robustness. The measuring system adopts modular design and improves the anti-interference performance during dynamic measurement. The experimental results show that the system of the design is fast in response to the Angle and pressure height, and the Angle measurement parameters are large, and the measuring precision is high.


Carnival festivals are undoubtedly one of the most deeply rooted customs within the social context of Salamanca in late nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, many of those traditions were lost for diverse reasons, among them «murgas», «comparsas» and some other different types of instrumental groups. Using the local press as historical source, this article summarizes the main musical interests in the city panorama of the time, by collecting the most relevant groups in Salamanca music scene.


The analytical expression for the transmission spectra of coupled cavity waveguides (CCWs) in photonic crystals (PCs) is derived based on the coupled-mode theory (CMT). Parameters in the analytical expression can be extracted by simple numerical simulations. We reveal that it is the phase shift between the two adjacent PC defects that uniquely determines the flatness of the impurity bands of CCWs. In addition, it is found that the phase shift also greatly affects the bandwidth of CCWs. Thus, the engineering of the impurity bands of CCWs can be realized through the adjustment of the phase shift. Based on the theoretical results, an interesting phenomenon in which a CCW acts as a single PC defect and its impurity band possesses a Lorentz lineshape is predicted. Very good agreement between the analytical results and the numerical simulations based on transfer matrix method has been achieved.


Reactivated memories go through a process of reconsolidation, during which they are malleable and susceptible to modification. Strategies targeting the interruption of memory reconsolidation hold the promise of weakening fear memories that underlie traumatic stress disorders. Although many studies have examined the efficacy of reconsolidation interference strategies with fear memories developed in a laboratory, very few have examined this with trauma‐related episodic memories. This study aims to examine whether new learning can interfere with the reconsolidation of trauma‐related episodic memories, when the affective content of the new learning and memory match.


Welfare is multidimensional as it involves not only income, but also education, health or labour. The composite indicators of welfare are usually based on somehow aggregating the information across dimensions and individuals. However, this approach ignores the relationship between the dimensions being aggregated. To face this goal, in this paper, we analyse the multivariate dependence between the dimensions included in the Human Development Index (HDI), namely income, health and schooling, through three copula-based measures of multivariate association: Spearman's footrule, Gini's gamma and Spearman's rho. We discuss their properties and prove new results on Spearman's footrule. The copula approach focuses on the positions of the individuals across dimensions, rather than the values that the variables attain for such individuals. Thus, it allows for more general types of dependence than the linear correlation. We base our study on data from 1980 till 2014 for the countries included in the 2015 Human Development Report. We find out that though the overall HDI has increased over this period, the dependence between its dimensions remains high and nearly unchanged, so the richest countries also tend to be the best ranked in both health and education.


The fatigue characteristics of RCA GaP and EMI venetian blind photomultipliers have been investigated at low anode currents. Methods of reducing the errors from this source are discussed, and a technique which provides an accurate correction in photon counting experiments is given.


The Hotel Industry is growing. To manage this growth the demand for fresh graduates is increasing. To meet the demands hotel schools are responsible for providing skilled manpower. Like other professional courses, hotel management students undergo internship in various hotels to know about the operational skills which are not possible in hotel schools. However, it is quite evident that there is a difference in their career expectation after they complete their internship. The study aims to identify the differences in their perception about their career in the hotel industry. The study hopes to bring out the general opinion student show toward the hospitality business in terms of the image attached to the industry and the possible level of commitment these students will have in pursuing a career once they graduate. A sample of hotel management students participated in this study. A questionnaire was administered to students who have completed their internship and those yet to undergo. Questions were focused on the factors like working conditions, learning opportunities, compensation that affect career in the hotel industry. Students believe it to be a growing industry with immense opportunities for employment. A good percentage of students responded favorably toward working in the industry. There was a differences in expectation between had completed and who were yet to undergo industrial training. The students who had completed their training had a more negative perspective towards the hotel industry. Similarly, level of commitment varied between pre and post training students with the students who already completed their internship showing less inclination to work in the near future in the industry. The research work will try to bring out the challenges that need to be addressed as hotel managements students are the key manpower for the sustainability of the industry.


A method for distributing brake pressure of compensated yaw moment in an electronic stability program system is provided to execute optimal braking control operations by calculating the compensated yaw moment if road limitation situations are generated and distributing the compensated yaw moment into brake pressure by using the power characteristic of tires. In an electronic stability program system, a method for distributing brake pressure(P) of compensated yaw moment calculates compensated yaw moment in a spin-out state and distributes brake pressure of each wheel demanded to generate the calculated compensated yaw moment by the following formula, P=(r/(Smax x A x rb)) x s-Iomega/(Axrb), wherein s is the slip ratio needed to generate yaw moment, Smax is a maximum slip ratio, I is wheel rotational inertia moment, omega is angular acceleration, r is a radius of a tire, rb is brake pressure, and A is an area receiving the brake pressure.


A primary advantage of the axially-viewed ICP is the excellent sensitivity compared with a radially-viewed ICP. However, there has been a limitation in the ability of the axially-viewed plasma to analyse samples of exceptionally high total dissolved solid (TDS) content because of salt deposition in the injector tube of the torch. This limitation has often meant that many high TDS samples have to be diluted or subjected to other treatment prior to measurement. This paper discusses a new torch that can handle samples such as a 25% NaCl solution, whilst providing excellent detection limits. Analytical performance of this new high TDS torch is characterised and compared with that of a conventional axially-viewed torch. It provides performance similar to that of a standard axially-viewed torch, plus the capability of continuous operation with high TDS solutions without any blockage occurring in the sample introduction system. Internal standardisation further improves long-term stability by a factor of 4. Recoveries in 25% NaCl solution and in brine solution were in the range 100 ± 10%.


The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which quality physical education is currently being taught in Atlantic Canada. We used survey methods to generate descriptive data indicating: (a) the backgrounds of those who teach physical education and (b) what is being taught in physical education. Our findings suggest physical education is taught by a group of mostly-white teachers with varying qualifications, interests, and experiences in teaching the subject. Further, sport experiences tend to dominate the subject matter that students engage with, at the expense of dance and gymnastics. Although some physical education programs could arguably be classified as being of a sound quality according to the national subject association, we contend that more needs to be done to present the subject as a diverse enterprise, both in terms of who teaches and what is taught in physical education.


Noise in the entertainment industry often reaches high sound pressure levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporary threshold shifts (TTSs) of hearing among fitness instructors. The study comprised a total of 30 fitness instructors working in fitness clubs. The noise dosimeters were used to determine individual noise exposure during exercises conducted by the instructors. To assess the TTS values, the pure tone audiometry tests were performed before and just after the exercises. The observed TTSs were compared with the predicted TTSs according to the computational model developed by Melnick (1991). Typical fitness exercises lasted from 1 to 2 h and A-weighted equivalent-continuous sound pressure level ranged from 75 to 96 dB. Temporary threshold shifts after the sound exposure were statistically significant. The actual values of TTS fitted well with the values predicted with the TTS computational model. The results show that the computational TTS model gives results consistent with the TTS observed in the study group. Fitness instructors constitute a population at an increased risk of the hearing loss. Raising awareness of this fact and implementing hearing protection programs in this group of workers are urgently needed.


This study addresses the construction and application of an instrument to measure ethical sensitivity in relation to computer issues. This instrument has been used to determine whether there is any change in the ethical sensitivity of computer science majors at a large New England university as a result of a course in Computers and Society. The study employs a Post-test Only Control Group Design. The experimental and control groups consist of equivalent groups of undergraduate computer science majors in their junior year of study. The instrument has been constructed following the principles of the Rasch Model for psychometric measurement. As such, the instrument operationally defines a continuum consisting of items with varying degrees of difficulty. The level of difficulty refers to the difficulty of recognizing an ethical dilemma in a given situation. There is empirical evidence from the study that a continuum along the variable of ethical sensitivity does exist. A statistically significant difference in level of ethical sensitivity was found between the two groups, thus indicating that ethical sensitivity increases as a result of a course in Computers and Society. The instrument developed for this study will allow for the more sensitive monitoring of attitudes toward professional ethics among computer science and engineering undergraduates.


Osteopontin(OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein, playing important roles in eggshell formation. In order to analyze the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs) of OPN and egg-quality traits of laying duck, the SNPs in the exon 7 of OPN gene were screened by PCR product sequencing in 100 Shanma laying duck and 100 Shaoxing laying duck(Anas platyrhyncha domestic). Eight SNPs in Shanma laying duck and 9 in Shaoxing laying duck were detected. The effects of G544 C, A671 G, G672 C,T761C and T873 C on some egg-quality traits of Shanma laying duck reached significant or highly significant difference levels. And the effects of A671 G, G672 C and T761 C on some egg- quality traits of Shaoxing laying duck reached significant or highly significant difference levels. For the Shanma laying duck, 3 genotypes in A671 G, G672 C, T761 C, and T873 C SNP sites were detected. Genotype BB of the sites A671 G and G672C was significantly superior to the other two genotypes in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness(P0.01), while AA genotype was significantly higher in 300-day-old's Haugh unit(P0.05). BB genotype of the T761 C site was significantly higher than the other two genotypes in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness(P0.01). BB genotype of the T873 C site was significantly higher in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness and eggshell strength(P0.05)and 500-day-old's eggshell thickness, eggshell strength and eggshell weight(P0.05). Thus, we deduced that the allele B of T761 C and allele B of T873 C were effective genes to egg-quality trait. For the Shaoxing laying duck, AA genotype of the T761 C site was significantly lower than the other two genotypes in 300- day- old's eggshell thickness and eggshell strength(P0.05), while BB genotype was significantly lower than AA and AB in 500-day-old's egg shape index, egg weight, eggshell weight and weight of egg contents. The results indicate that OPN gene can be used as a molecular marker for egg-quality traits in MAS breeding of laying duck.


A n exact unclerstarrding of normal anatomical details in encephalogi-ams is not only of practical importance for the clinician hut also of interest to the anatomist. The procedure of enceplialograpliy has been fittingly described as a iiiethod of anatomy in vivo. The demonstration of structures and contours with the help of air as a contiaast medium, howevrr, often gives only vague pictures, tlie intei*pi.etation of wliich may causc considerable difficulty. Several years ago the author undertook a series of cor1-elated anatomical a i d clinical studies on encephalography with the collaboration of Dr. 0. Halin of tlie Department of Surgery of the lTiiivei*sity of Kreslau. In order to obtain a set of pictures with inore contrasting and sharply defined outlines, a number of fresh cadavers wei-e given injections of about 40 to 60 cc. of a suspension of barium sulfate directly into tlie 1ater:il reiitricle followin: the routine procedure for ventricula i* puncture. To facilitate intcrpretation tlie iiietliotl of stereoscopic roentgcnograpliy was used. Our encephalographic si udies were interrupted and reniairied unpuhlishcd with the cvception of a brief report on a clinical case ( '30). In the meantime L. &f. DavidofT and C. G. Dyke published a series of papers on the demonstration of iiornial anatomical structures by means of encephalography and presented mi intercstinc summary of their results in book form ( '37). The study of this book has prompted the author to present the


Due to a large material removal rate and a minimal collateral damage, subpicosecond laser pulse offers many advantages for material processing. Post-experimental examination of ultrashort laser material ablation shows that the heated surface of the bulk does not exhibit thermal damage. A lot of complicated physical processes follow intense laser irradiation and have often been modeled in over-simplified way to explain experimental results. Because a more complete understanding of the damage mechanisms would be very interesting and would open new applications in the scientific research community and industry. A detailed model of the ultrashort response to reproduce ablation process is presented, describing dynamical electronic properties such as temperature, pressure and energy. To simulate the interaction between the laser and the metallic target, these theoretical models are inserted inside a 1D Lagrangian hydrodynamic code. It is still a very challenging task to disentangle the cumulative/competitive effects of all physical processes if included at once in numerical simulations. Adding the different processes into numerical simulations on a one by one basis allow to assess their contributions to the quantity of ejected matter on a large range of laser intensity. Experimental results related to the influence of multi-pulses or tailored pulses for ablation efficiency with ultrafast pulses(pulse duration up to 5 ps) has been obtained. A significant improvement of the micro structuring quality in metals is demonstrated, and the theoretical approach presented allow to manage the optimal temporal shape of pulses. An efficient process control can be reached and the industrial applications will be evidenced.


A finite element procedure is presented for finite deformation analysis of continuum structures with time-dependent anisotropic elastic-plastic material behavior. An updated Lagrangian formulation is used to describe the kinematics of deformation. Anisotropic constitutive relations are referred, at each material point, to a set of three mutually orthogonal axes which rotate as a unit with an angular velocity equal to the spin at the point. The time-history of the solution is generated by using a linear incremental procedure with residual force correction, along with an automatic time step control algorithm which chooses time step sizes to control the accuracy and numerical stability of the solution.


Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA and QC) are normally the contractual responsibility of the Construction Contractor; however, prudent Owners should also provide some level of QA to check the checkers and provide an independent level of assurance that the work is proceeding in accordance with the contract documents. The increase in quality of the constructed project will more than offset the time and money spent by the Owner on QA activities. This paper describes the typical roles of Quality Assurance and Quality Control personnel on pipeline projects and the practical applications in the field. The paper also describes some of the best practices for Quality Control inspections, testing procedures, testing frequency, and impacts of poor quality. In particular, the paper focuses upon the following QC activities: 1) In-place density tests and inspection of bedding, embedment, and backfill, 2) Internal pipe deflection measurements and inspections, 3) Field welding tests and inspections, 4) Inspections of heat shrink sleeves using weld after backfill procedures, 5) Hydrostatic and leak testing, 6) Testing of corrosion monitoring and protection systems, 7) Factory tests of pipe.


NEW MATERIAL: A compound of formula R-(CH 2 ) n -O-R 1 (R is isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, pyrazole or imidazole; n is 3-8; R 1 is phenyl substituted by azole, furyl, amino, polycyclic hydrocarbon, imidazole or triazole. EXAMPLE: 5-{7-[4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy]-heptyl}-3methylisoxazole. USE: Antipicornaviruse drug. Particularly having antilinoviruse activity, and effective for the medical treatment of coryza, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis and the like. PROCESS: A compound of general formula R-(CH 2 ) n -X (X is halogen), and a compound of formula R 1 -OH are reacted in a solvent such as acetone or the like in the presence of a base (example; KCO 3 ) to prepare the titled compound. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


A new detector design using pixelated NaI(TI) crystals has been evaluated for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This detector uses 4/spl times/4/spl times/30 mm/sup 3/ NaI(TI pixels coupled via an optimized lightguide to an array of 39 mm diameter Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in an Anger detector design. Our measurements show that the high light output of NaI(TI) leads to a vastly improved discrimination of the 4 mm NaI(TI) pixels. More importantly, these results were obtained when collecting only 60% of the total NaI(TI) light (integration time of 220 ns). Our measurements show very little variation in the light output within the individual pixels, and a fairly uniform energy resolution of 8.6% at 511 keV. Additionally, the measured LRF is optimally narrow and similar to that obtained earlier with the discrete GSO detector. Repeating these measurements with shorter integration times of 120 and 60 ns showed very little deterioration of the crystal separation, while the energy resolution increased to 9.2% and 10.7%, respectively. Calculations for the relative NEC rate as function of energy resolution and lower energy gate show that a detector with an 8% energy resolution is capable of achieving an NEC rate which is 20% higher than that achieved with a detector having a 25% energy resolution. High count-rate simulations for a potential whole-body scanner with a diameter of 90 cm and an axial field-of-view of 25 cm predict more than a doubling of the peak NEC rate over the similar geometry (but using curve-plate NaI(TI) detectors) C-PET scanner. This improvement arises due to a 40% increase in the scanner sensitivity due to the use of longer NaI(TI) crystals, as well as a decrease in detector deadtime due to the optimally reduced light spread within the crystal. Thus, a new pixelated NaI(TI) detector based scanner offers significant improvement in the spatial resolution and count-rate performance over the current whole-body C-PET scanner.


Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) was achieved by conducting an initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) at low ppm of copper catalyst concentration. A poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate)50 (POEOMA50) macroinitiator and stabilizer was synthesized by an aqueous ICAR ATRP using CuIICl2/tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine (TPMA) complex. Subsequently, the dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) in ethanol was realized with a CuIIBr2/TPMA complex either at room temperature or at 65 °C using V-70 or AIBN as radical initiators, respectively. The effect of catalyst concentration, radical initiators, targeted degree of polymerization (DP) of PBnMA, solids content, and temperature on the molecular characteristics and self-assembly behavior of block copolymers POEOMA–PBnMA was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Block copolymers asse...


ABSTRACT Potentimetric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers are reported for the selective determination of clenbuterol. The work involved the modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the modification of chitosan with diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, the synthesis of the clenbuterol-imprinted polymer, and the preparation of potentiometric sensors using the clenbuterol-imprinted polymer. The effect of pH, response time, lifetime, selectivity, reusability, reproducibility, accuracy, and stability of the sensors were characterized. The optimum pH was 6.0 for the prepared poly(vinyl chloride) membrane and carbon paste electrodes. The limit of detection of the poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode was 0.49 × 10−8 mM, with the linear dynamic range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−9 mM. The response time for the membrane electrode was 2 min and the operational lifetime was 23 weeks. For the carbon paste electrode, the limit of detection was 0.91 × 10−8 mM, the linear dynamic range was from 1.0 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−9 mM, the response time was 1 min, and the operational lifetime was 24 weeks.


Although better known as a testing device, the cloze technique can also be used to help word-byword readers acquire more mature reading strategies. In this article, suggestions are provided for creating and using cloze exercises which vary in difficulty and instructional focus. Recommendations are also made for introducing and directing cloze training.


I Work-life integration of professionals.- II Antecedents and consequences related to work-life integration.- III Mothers, fathers and couples: challenging conventional wisdom.- IV Corporate strategies facilitating work-life integration.- V Boundary perspectives on professionals' work-life integration.


Disk image of a floppy disk containing approximately 31 files, likely lists and spreadsheets, which appear to date from 1989.


The main objective of this paper is to reduce the timing of higher officials to sign in large number of same documents. Manual signing of documents adds time shortage in Public Work Department. Moreover, the manual process is time consuming and not suitable for signing a greater number of documents. The proposed model involves the arrangement of documents, positioning of facsimile, stamping the facsimile and take out the printed documents to distribute station. Thus, this model signs a greater number of documents within a short time. Pneumatic power is fruitfully utilized in this paper and the system is controlled by an Arduino controller. Positioning of facsimile is done by the lead screw arrangement with the help of sensors. The finished documents are then sucked by vacuum cup and taken out simultaneously. Our real time implementation helps them in unveiling such condition. The paper consists of two sections namely mechanical section and control section. The control section consists of Arduino controller and Relays. Arduino controller is used to control the DC motor and the relays are used to actuate the mechanical sections. The mechanical section consists of lead screw arrangement, pneumatic piston, suction cup and facsimile.


With the advancement of novel techniques in drug discovery, various approaches have been used in the structure based drug designing. One of the most important strategies is molecular docking. The study of molecular docking and simulation deals with the intermolecular interaction of drug targets i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and ligands. The aim of molecular docking is to achieve an optimized conformation for both the protein and ligand and relative orientation between protein and ligand such that the free energy of the overall system is minimized. The aim of this review article is to focus on various aspects of molecular docking including basic steps of docking, types of interactions, software tools with their algorithms and applications. Molecular docking study is highly relevant in order to predict potential targets of diseases as well as in designing effective drugs for pharmaceutical industry.


Simple early form-removal system of floor slab structure is put forward considering the defects of traditional formwork.Furthermore,design principle,structure and process of eary form-removal system are introduced in detail.This system can decrease material facilities,reduce engineering costs,and extend the life of formwork comparing with traditional formwork system.


The recently released Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 'Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Summary for Policymakers' (SREX) (IPCC, 2011) calls for a mix of incremental and transformational changes to reduce the risk from climate extremes now and in the future. Incremental adjustments may not be enough and current disaster risk management (DRM) policies insufficient to address even existing levels of risk. This Background Note looks at research undertaken in recent years by disaster researchers on the complex role of institutional arrangements in shaping policy decisions. In doing so it identifies some key research issues that need to be addressed to promote the kind of institutional transformation required to deal with current and future climate extremes, including the need for more multidisciplinary perspectives on DRM. DRM refers to a conceptual framework and set of measures developed to minimise vulnerability and the risks associated with natural hazards. In the past, disasters were considered to be one-off, unpredictable and natural events, but the increasing use of a DRM lexicon in policy documents suggests that the social causes of disaster that make populations vulnerable and expose them to particular hazards are beginning to be recognised. A lot can be done to reduce disaster risk and governments are coming under increasing pressure to protect their citizens from harm caused by hazards. Most countries have developed national management systems and specialised organisations, usually of a civil nature, to fulfil this mandate (Beatley, 1989; Quarantelli, 2000). However, these systems tend to be reactive and response-orientated, with governments spending substantially more on the response to emergencies than on measures to anticipate and manage risk (World Bank, 2010).


The application describes a method of managing a load within a cellular network, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining network usage records from the cellular network; extracting cell information from the network usage records; establishing terminal carrier routes for cellular terminals that have changed location as determined from the extracted cell information; deriving terminal carrier profile attributes, based on the established terminal carrier routes; determining a load on a resource of the cellular network, based on the established terminal carrier routes and the derived terminal carrier profile attributes; and controlling resources of the cellular network in response to the determined load, so as to manage the load within the cellular network.


Ingested foreign bodies are common and concerning problems of childhood. However, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested foreign bodies is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of cases. We herein report a case involving a 3-year-old child who presented to the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, recurrent bilious vomiting, and fever. He had no history of underlying intestinal disease. After an initial investigation, peritonitis was diagnosed and surgical treatment was performed. During the operation, a small bowel microperforation and a jujube pit were found in the jejunum. The patient recovered and was discharged 7 days after the operation. This case is being reported to draw attention to the possibility of intestinal obstruction and perforation by the pit of the jujube fruit. A high index of suspicion is needed because this foreign body is not radiopaque and cannot be detected by X-ray investigations.


Background: We investigated the relationship between serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), evaluated by different formulae, and all-cause mortality (ACM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. Methods: This observational cohort study considered 1365 T2DM outpatients, who had been followed up for a period of up to 11 years. eGFR was estimated using several equations. Results: Seventy subjects (5.1%) died after a follow-up of 9.8 ± 3 years. Univariate analysis showed that diagnosis of nephropathy (odds ratio (OR): 2.554, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.616–4.038, p < 0.001) and microvascular complications (OR: 2.281, 95% CI: 1.449–3.593, p < 0.001) were associated with ACM. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the areas under the curve for ACM were similar using the different eGFR equations. eGFR values were predictors of ACM, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of the different equations for eGFR estimation were similar. Conclusion: In our cohort of T2DM outpatients, different eGFR equations perform similarly in predicting ACM, whereas SCr did not.


Background and Purpose— Perfusion-weighted imaging maps are used to identify hypoperfusion in acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, and time to peak (TTP) in acute stroke by comparison with positron emission tomography. Methods— Perfusion-weighted imaging and positron emission tomography were performed in 26 patients with acute ischemic stroke (median 18.5 hours after stroke onset, 65 minutes between MRI and positron emission tomography). The perfusion-weighted imaging-derived maps of CBF, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, and TTP delay were compared with quantitative positron emission tomography CBF. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis identified the best perfusion-weighted imaging map and threshold to identify hypoperfusion <20 mL/100 g/min, a widely used measure of penumbral flow. Results— Individual regression analysis of positron emission tomography CBF and perfusion-weighted imaging values were strong f...


SPICER, VALERIE DENISE. The Effects of Protein Concentration and Temperature on Flavor Delivery and Volatility of 2,4Dimethylbenzaldehyde and Ethyl Butyrate in Whey Protein Isolate Solutions. (Under the direction of Dr. E. A. Foegeding and Dr. Duane K. Larick.) The development of reduced fat foods is a continual challenge in the food industry. Among the many attributes fat contributes to food products is flavor. Fat replacers are used to regain some of these lost attributes as fat is removed from foods. These fat substitutes affect the rate and concentration at which flavor molecules are released during mastication. Whey is a source of protein for protein-based fat replacers. The effects this ingredient has on flavor intensity was studied utilizing 2,4Dimethylbenzaldehyde (DMB) and Ethyl Butyrate (EB). The objective of this project was to develop a headspace gas chromatography method to measure the changes in volatility of these two flavor compounds in various concentrations of WPI solutions and to compare these results to sensory findings. There was a significant decrease in the volatility of DMB with increases of protein concentration from 0 to 2%. Aroma and taste intensity also decreased with increasing protein concentration. The volatility of EB and taste intensity showed no significant differences with successive increases in protein concentration. However, aroma shows significant decreases in intensity with increases in protein concentration at the 0 to 2% and 4 and 6% levels. There were significant positive correlations between volatility and sensory results. The Effects of Protein Concentration and Temperature on Flavor Delivery and Volatility of 2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde and Ethyl Butyrate in Whey Protein Isolate Solutions by VALERIE DENISE SPICER A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE


This paper studies the evaluation system of contemporary college student's employment skills, new topics, practical, with a strong practical value. This thesis closely combines China's current employment situation, aims to establish a suitable for students or the employer for employment skills evaluation system evaluation. It reflects our country encourage students employment policy, consider the employer demand for talent, on the other hand can improve college students' employability skills solutions offer countermeasure. The purpose of this study is clear, content innovation, research and practical significance.


The sulfur consumption in China is rather high in spite of a small sulfur output.It is highly imperative to recycle sulfur out of hydrometallurgical slag to improve resources ' utilization rate.Physical methods of recycling sulfur have some disadvantages for their high requirements of equipments and raw materials.However,chemical methods can process different raw materials which compensate for the limitations of physical methods to a certain extent.In addition to the common chemical methods,including ammonium sulfide,xylene,kerosene,PCE,there are sodium sulfide-sulfur dioxid,new desulfurizer,like tetrahydronaphthalene,styrene,decahydronaphthalene and toluene.Insoluble sulfur recovery methods also have some research progress.The advantages and disadvantages of the chemical methods are introduced based on discussing their principles.


Co(Ⅱ)-coated Ni/Al(OH)x electrode material was prepared by chemical precipitation method.The crystal structure,surface morphology and particle size distribution were studied by XRD,SEM and particle size distribution analysis.The charge-discharge performance of Ni/MH experimental battery made of Co(Ⅱ)-coated Ni/Al(OH)x cathode active material was studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge test.The results showed that Co(Ⅱ)-coated Ni/Al(OH)x sample had α-Ni(OH)2 type crystal structure,the highest specific discharge capacity of Ni/MH experimental battery with Co(Ⅱ)-coated Ni/Al(OH)x electrode material was 424.53 mAh/g,the specific discharge capacity(395.24 mAh/g) was 93.1% of its highest specific discharge capacity after 600 cycles.


The public private distinction has been a mainstay of liberal political theory but has come under criticism from feminists and communitarians, among others. Criticisms have included whether the distinction is normative or empirical, how and whether lines can be drawn between the public and the private, and whether considerations of justice apply within institutions such as the family that have traditionally been regarded as private.

Keywords:

liberalism;
John Stuart Mill;
Harm principle;
individualism;
privacy


Research on change detection techniques has long been an active topic and many techniques have been developed. In reality, change detection is a comprehensive procedure that requires careful consideration of many factors such as the nature of change detection problems, image preprocessing, selection of suitable variables and algorithms. This paper briefly overviews the major steps involved in a change detection, summarises major change detection methods, discusses the impacts of scales and complexity of study areas on the selection of remote-sensing data and change detection algorithms and finally discusses the needs of developing new change detection methods. As high spatial resolution images are easily available in the past decade, texture- and object-based methods become valuable to improve change detection performance. At national and global scales, coarse spatial resolution satellite images such as MODIS become important data sources for rapidly detecting land-cover change, but results have high uncertainty. More research is needed to develop new techniques to solve the mixed pixel problem. At regional scale, it is necessary to explore integration of multi-sensor data and multiple algorithms to improve change detection results.


Objective Increased nuchal translucency in the human fetus is associated with aneuploidy, structural malformations and several syndromes such as Noonan syndrome. In 60-70% of the Noonan syndrome cases, a gene mutation can be demonstrated. Previous research showed that aneuploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency demonstrate an aberrant lymphatic endothelial diff erentiation. Methods Fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype (n = 7) were compared with euploid controls having a normal nuchal translucency (n = 5). A Noonan syndrome gene mutation was found in three out of seven fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Endothelial diff erentiation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using lymphatic markers (Prox-1, Podoplanin, LYVE-1) and blood vessel markers VEGF-A, NP-1, Shh, vWF and smooth muscle cell marker SMA. Results Nuchal edema and enlarged jugular lymphatic sacs were observed in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency, together with abnormal lymphatic endothelial diff erentiation i.e. the presence of blood vessel characteristics, including high levels of VEGF-A and NP-1 expression. The enlarged jugular lymphatic sacs contained erythrocytes and were surrounded by smooth muscle cells. Conclusion This study shows an aberrant lymphatic endothelial diff erentiation in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and a normal karyotype (including Noonan syndrome fetuses), as was previously reported before in aneuploid fetuses. Yolanda BW.indd 74 21-12-10 13:52


Students in online and traditional classroom sections of an intermediate-level cost accounting course responded to a survey about their experiences in the course. Specifically, several items related to the instruction and learning outcomes were addressed. Additionally, student examination performance in the two types of sections was compared. The results suggest that students in both learning environments generally rated the instruction, professor/student interaction, and learning outcomes at a high level. However, where differences in satisfaction levels exist, the ratings generally were higher among students in the traditional classroom. Examination performance was comparable on 14 of 18 topic areas with the traditional method producing better comprehension in three of the remaining four areas. While student learning, instruction, and interaction between students and with the instructor were good in the online sections, the results suggest that the traditional learning approach provided a level of richness to the student learning experience that was not matched in the online approach. Overall, the survey results have implications for course design going forward, regardless of course delivery method.


A number of recent attempts to understand broad principles of energy transduction in biological systems have focused on correlation ratchets---systems which extract work out of fluctuations which are correlated in time. Correlation ratchets are "information engines" analogous to Maxwell's Deamon, which extract work out of a bath by using information about the system to "choose" only those fluctuations which are helpful to make the engine run. This information, which can only be acquired if the Demon is not in equilibrium with the bath, can be used to rectify the energy already available, but otherwise inaccessible in the thermal bath. Processes like this, in which the energy stored in a nonequilibrium bath is transformed into work at the expense of increased entropy, are believed to be the basis of "molecular motors", and are of great importance in biology, and a number of other fields. It has been shown that the combination of a broken spatial symmetry in the potential (or ratchet potential) and time correlations in the driving are crucial, and enough to allow the transformation of the fluctuations into work. The required broken spatial symmetry implies a specific molecular arrangement of the proteins involved. Here we show that a borken spatial symmetry is not required, and that temporally asymmetrid fluctuations (with mean zero) can be used to do work, even when the ratchet potential is completely symmetric. Temporal assymetry, defined as a lact of invariance of the statistical properties under the operation to temporal inversion, is a genetic property of nonequilibrium fluctuation, and should therefore be expected to be quite common in biological systems.


In order to get some insight into the influence of mechanical deformation on fluid flow patterns, we performed series of X‐ray CT scanning runs during capillary imbibition experiments to image the water front displacement in Bentheim sandstone samples. A three steps procedure was followed: 1) intact rock samples were tested, 2) the samples were deformed in creep experiments under triaxial conditions with recording of acoustic emissions, 3) the deformed samples experienced a second capillary imbibition test with CT scanning imaging. Using image analysis tools, relevant flow parameters like the height, velocity and curvature of the water front were measured. Stress‐induced damage had a significant impact on the flow patterns. However contrasted results were obtained: localized damage evidenced by acoustic emissions clustering resulted in one experiment in local disturbance of the flow patterns, whereas in the second one a fracture detected by CT scan did not modify the local flow geometry.


Handwriting verification is an important task in the legal framework where the paternity of handwritten wills or con-tracts needs to be ascertained. Due to the lack of automated tools, the court currently relies exclusively on handwriting experts, who often show a wide degree of uncertainty in their responses. Machine learning models, and in particular artificial Neural Networks (NNs) might be a valuable aid to experts by providing an objective and automated instrument for handwriting analysis, especially when expert witnesses are undecided. However, at the state of the art there is a scarcity of datasets which are suitable for training NNs for the handwriting verification task, preventing the development of models accurate enough to be introduced into forensic practice. In this paper, a dataset of 3320 genuine and 3320 forged handwritten samples from 166 subjects is presented, considering two scenarios: copy (imitation of handwriting maintaining the same text, 3320 samples) and spontaneous production (imitation of handwriting generating a new text, 3320 samples). We provide baseline results for deep siamese convolutional neural networks, that are deep learning models widely adopted in similar tasks. In the proposed dataset, such NNs were able to reach accuracies over 75% in identifying forged samples in the copy scenario and of almost 82% in the spontaneous production scenario. Finally, a sample of 550 humans were tested in the same classification task. The experiments show that NNs perform significantly better than humans in the spontaneous production scenario, which is more complex than the copy one. We publicly release our dataset to encourage the future development of advanced Deep Learning models for the forged handwriting verification task.


In the first two parts of this paper we realise a brief context introduction for diversity and proportionality, presenting also some aspects from the relevant related literature. In the third part we provide an analysis using a selection of indicators considered for a group of countries (Germany, France, Poland and Czech Republic). We emphasize the diversity of the banking structures, types and sizes of banks acting in the selected banking sectors under the umbrella of the European banking system. We add also relevant insight and considerations to the analysis, related to the regulatory and supervisory framework, which should accommodate a diverse range of banking structures, addressing also the proportionality principle. The forth part includes findings of our analysis as well as other relevant discussions, related to the impact and complexity of the topics, for policy implementation. The final part includes our concluding remarks.


The present invention provides a method of preparing the following reaction schemes and general formula (5) (6) or a salt thereof, wherein R


The purpose of this article is to review descriptive and experimental studies of the conversational turn-management timing behaviors used by children who stutter and their parents. Research findings support the notion that, in general, the temporal aspects of conversations between children who stutter and their parents do not differ significantly from those observed in parent-nonstuttering child conversational dyads; however, for some children who stutter, parental manipulation of factors such as speech rate and response-time latency (RTL) may enhance the child's development of speech fluency. Further, it is apparent that factors such as the age and general speech and language abilities of the child, the severity of the stuttering problem, and the type(s) of disfluencies the child most frequently produces, as well as the difference between the child's and parent's speaking rate, turntaking rate, and so forth, need to be carefully considered when deciding whether to use such therapeutic strategies.


Our interest in analyzing peptides and proteins arises from the need, during preclinical and clinical studies, to quantify levels of protein and peptide drugs and their metabolites (the process of bioanalysis). To support the predicted increase in peptides and proteins undergoing such studies, we expect that the demand for immunological and LC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods to increase. We have been working for the last several years to develop bioanalytical methods for accurate, selective and sensitive quantification of peptide and protein therapeutics. Developing and validating LC-MS/MS methods for proteins and peptides can be challenging, and presents additional difficulties over conventional methods for small molecule therapeutics. This article draws on our personal experience and knowledge to discuss some of these difficulties, and how they are overcome by the bioanalytical teams at Covance Laboratories.


Objective To investigate the protection and mechanism of different methods of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of rat liver graft.Methods 192 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 group (48 rats in each group): control group (C),experimental group 1 (E 1),experimental group 2 (E 2) and experimental group 3 (E 3).IPC was not carried out in group C.In experimental groups,IPC were carried out with blocking blood flow of portal vein and hepatic artery and then reperfusion by removal of the clamp before donor liver resected.Group E1: 5-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion; Group E 2: 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion and immediate another same procedure; Group E3: 10-min ischemia and 15-min reperfusion.Four h after IPC,liver transplantations were performed.Recipient blood and graft samples were obtained to determine the levels of ALT,AST,TNFα and apoptosis index (AI)at 0.5 h,2 h,6 h,24 h after portal vein reperfusion.Results (1) At 0.5 h,2 h after portan vein reflow,levels of TNFα in experimental groups (E 1,E 2,E 3) were significantly lower than in control group (P0.05),and the levels in group E 2 were significantly lower than in group E 1 and E 3(P0.05).At 24 h,the levels of TNFα in group E 2 were significantly lower than in group C,E 1 and E 3 (P0.05); (2) At 2 h and 6 h,AI in experimental groups (E 1,E 2,E 3) was significantly less than in control group (P0.05).AI in group E 2 was significantly less than in groups E 1 and E 3 (P0.05).At 24 h AI in experimental groups (E 1,E 2,E 3) was significantly less than in control group (P0.05).Conclusion (1) Ischemic preconditioning could attenuate liver graft injury by decreasing apoptosis of hepatocytes and production of TNFα.The method of IPC with 5-min ischemia,5 min reperfusion and immediate another same procedure is a better way to protect liver graft from ischemia-reperfusion injury.


The engineering application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX) technology is difficultly realized due to the very slow growth rate of ANAMMOX bacteria.Based on the Dutch experiences of full-scale engineered ANAMMOX reactors,the progress and major obstacles in ANAMMOX engineering application were introduced,and the present status of research,development and engineering application of the ANAMMOX technology in some European countries taking the Netherlands as representative was overviewed.Finally,an outlook of the ANAMMOX technology is addressed.


The d.c. flux decay test has been proposed as an alternative and attractive method of extracting synchronous machine parameters. With the machine stationary, direct current is passed through two phases and the decay of current is observed following the short-circuiting of the supply. Tests on two large turbinegenerators have been performed and simulated by finite element electromagnetic calculations. The combination of tests, calculations and analysis has enabled the cause of various difficulties associated with the test to be isolated. Recommendations are made to improve the accuracy of measurements.


Dismantling structures that impede social work professional and organizational growth begins with social work educational institutions. In 2020, the convergence of three pandemics – COVID-19, economic injustice, and, notably, structural racism, catalyzed a group of social work staff and faculty at a public Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in the Southern U.S. The group relied on community organizing and organizational change strategies to form the antiracism collective (ARC). We employed a participatory evaluative case study (Merriam, 1998) methodology to answer two questions: 1) How has ARC accelerated one social work department's integration of antiracist praxis (theory, reflection, action) into all aspects of the department to support the department's mission?; and 2) How can ARC dismantle structures which impede social workers' ability to confront racism? We find that ARC 1) catalyzed department transformation as evidenced by the increased sense of critical consciousness, struggle, integrity, and community; and 2) achieved primarily individual impact, with small but potentially significant department impact, and small but potentially significant structural impact. We highlight strengths and limitations of antiracism collectives as a pathway to confront racism in other social work educational institutions.


Objective To explore the expression of cell death regulatory gene GRIM-19 in human renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and normal renal tissues and significance,and clarity the effect of GRIM-19 in the process of renal clear cell carcinoma.Methods The expressions of GRIM-19 were studied by means of immunohistochemistry in 21 renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and 7 normal renal tissues.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of GRIM-19 in 4 normal renal tissues and 8 renal clear cell carcinoma tissues.Results The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the positive rates of GRIM-19 were 52.3%(11/21)and 100%(7/7) in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and normal renal tissues,the difference was significant(P0.05).The positive rates of GRIM-19 were 100%(6/6),40%(4/10)and 20%(1/5)in the grade Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ of renal clear cell carcinoma,the differences between them were significant(P0.01).RT-PCR results indicated that the positive rates of GRIM-19 were 62.5%(5/8)and 100%(4/4)in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and normal renal tissues,the difference between them was significant(P0.01).Conclusion The expression of GRIM-19 obviously decrease in renal clear cell carcinoma tissue in the levels of gene and protein and the decreasing exists relevance with the grade of pathology.It indicates that GRIM-19 expression may be play an important role in the progress of renal clear cell carcinoma.


Eleven years of weekly observations on the phosphorus cycle in Lough Neagh are analysed. The data comprised inputs, outputs and lake concentrations of the soluble and particulate phosphorus fractions. It is shown that the particulate phosphorus input quickly sediments to the bottom and the particulate phosphorus in the lake is largely made up of phytoplankton. The average phosphorus retention in the lake was 34 %, similar to the particulate phosphorus input. Climate has a big influence on the phosphorus input and sediment release, both of which varied two-fold. A simulation model suggested that suppression of sediment P release would reduce lake winter phosphorus concentrations by an average of 29 %.


Modern art quality-oriented education represents the educational thought of the new era and a new-type education arising from the change and innovation of educational concepts. It needs the support of the national art and the compensation from foreign art as well. Our goal is to achieve an integration of all good arts, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, so as to create a modern art quality-oriented education with the characteristics of national art of the new era. It is not advisable to follow or copy the European or American art and education blindly.


As long ago as 1870, Sir Thomas Watson, in his wonderfully clear lectures, one of the greatest works on medicine published, says: "In truth, acute rheumatism is a blood disease. The circulating blood carries with it a poisonous material, which by virtue of some mutual or elective affinity, falls upon the fibrous tissues in particular, visiting them and quitting them with a variableness that resembles caprice, but is ruled, no doubt, by definite laws, to use, as yet, unknown." In our actual knowledge of the materies morbi of this particular disease we have made no material advance in the last thirty years. Flint, in 1881, said: "A special predisposition is requisite; in other words, the disease involves a rheumatic diathesis. This predisposition may be congenital and inherited, or it may be acquired. Statistics establish conclusively the hereditary transmission of the disease. When we recall, however, that at that time statistics


This study investigated goal congruency among administrators and faculty at two community colleges. Additionally, the impact of Management by Objectives on goal congruency was examined with regard to length of time MBO had been implemented, extent of MBO implementation, and joint goal‐setting processes of MBO. Participants in the study were 19 (100%) administrators and 70 (70%) faculty at Cleveland State Community College (CSCC) and 13 (100%) administrators and 71 (90%) faculty at Volunteer State Community College (VSCC). Two data‐gathering instruments were used in the study. The Academic Administrators and University Goals Questionnaire developed by Gross and Grambsch was adapted to the College and University Goals Questionnaire (CUGQ) to gather goal‐congruency data. The Management by Objectives Questionnaire (MBOQ) was developed for the study to gather MBO data. Administrators and faculty responded to the 47 goal statements of the CUGQ according to perceived and preferred importance at their colleges. R...


Writing this dissertation was motivated by the treatise of DONDERS about the movements of the human eye (Donders, 1848; Donders & Blanken, 1999). DONDERS was the first to reject the entire theory, proven by the most eminent men, regarding eye movements around three axes: the vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal, and presented a different concept of ocular movement. Earlier, TOURTUAL (1840) had hesitated to agree with all of these previous conclusions and RUETE (1845, 1999), who took into account the after-image, had denied the correctness of the theory, originally introduced by HUECK (Hueck, 1838, 2000), that the vertical eye axes, by virtue of the oblique muscles, remain vertical even when the head tilts to the side. In order to define the limitations of this work right at the beginning: It is my intent to reexamine the observations and experiments with which HUECK tried to prove the correctness of this rotation, but not to reexamine everything that he has dared to conclude. I also wish to examine the after-image (which DONDERS wants to be the pivotal point of the entire argument) and its observed positions as well as the argumentative strength of the position of the vertical meridian of the retina. After an excellent presentation of the anatomical location and position of the eye muscles, HUECK attempted to prove that a rotation around the longitudinal axis could come about by virtue of the oblique eye muscles. In my view, a difficulty that speaks against this rotation around the longitudinal axis is that in some axis positions, the oblique muscles run in an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis. The only correct statement about the attempt by HUECK is that he used an assumption that in itself lacks proof and must actually be considered wrong (I anticipate the observation). HUECK believes that he can refute the above objection with the observation that the rectus muscles, superior as well as inferior, still rotate the eyes upwards and downwards around the horizontal axis although they are attached in an oblique angle to the human eyeball, and in an even more oblique angle in birds, amphibians, and especially in frogs. The note that immediately follows HUECK'S above effort I communicate to my readers in full because of the importance it has gained among experts. It reads: Accepted 15 February 2007. ∗The thin fascicle of Gudden's dissertation was available for study in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, and in the library of the Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. Only the latter copy contained the illustrations. The Latin text contains several sections in German (presented in italics in the English translation). The curriculum vitae from the appendix has been omitted since it was recently reproduced in full (along with page 6 of the dissertation and with the doctoral diploma) in a comprehensive Gudden biography (Hippius & Steinberg 2007). For the scientific context of his dissertation see a brief overview (Danek 2006) as well as a detailed account of 19th century ocular motor research (Simonsz & Den Tonkelaar 1990).


Based on the study of electrochemical flotation for sulfide minerals, Originpotential Flotation(OPF) technology, which made use of intrinsic redox reactions in grinding-flotation system to adjust potential, was proposed. OPF technology has been used successfully in lead-zinc sulfide minerals flotation and demonstrates great extended prospect in all sulfide minerals.


When the Earth's magnetic field undergoes periodic reversals, does it retain the dipolar (north-south) character of its stable periods, or does it develop a more complex magnetic character? And during the transition from normal to reverse polarity, or the opposite, does the field show a mysterious "preference" for certain paths to its new state? Fresh evidence gathered from paleomagnetic fossils across the globe, to be aired in sessions at AGU's 1991 Fall Meeting, suggests a possible "yes" to both questions.

The Earth's magnetic field has regularly flip-flopped from normal to reverse polarity and back again throughout the planet's history. The switches, which take a few thousand years to occur, are abundantly recorded in the fossil magnetism of rocks, both sedimentary and volcanic, formed during the times of reversal.


One of the significant changes in the finance of social housing in the 1980s was an attempt to place increased responsibility for this funding on the private sector. This paper argues that governments need to continue their involvement in the provision of social housing finance as this movement towards more private sector funding progresses. Financing initiatives undertaken in Australia are used to signal the risks associated with the provision of social housing finance, to illustrate the mechanisms employed to manage these risks and to highlight the conflicts which arise when a public/private funding mix is attempted. The paper outlines a proposal for the introduction of "equity bonds" as an innovative way to raise finance for the provision of social housing and to overcome inefficiencies arising from the complex and costly administrative structures currently in us e.


The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus belonging to the Papoviridae family that are capable of infecting the genital tract and can cause genital warts and different types of cancer, including cervical câncer. This is the third most frequent type of cancer in the female population and the fourth largest cause of death due to neoplasia in women, according to data from the National Cancer Institute. Immunization is seen as the most effective and cost-effective way to control a disease, so in order to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, the Ministry of Health introduced in 2014 the national immunization schedule adolescent to HPV vaccineObjective: To analyze the knowledge of adolescents in a public school in the city of Sao Luis / MA on the importance of adherence to the HPV vaccine. Methodology: This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a public school in Sao Luis. 57 adolescents aged 12 to 13 years were interviewed. The questionnaire used consisted of 27 questions that investigated the socioeconomic condition, knowledge about the vaccine, about HPV and its form of transmission. Description of variables by simple frequency and percentage. Results: Regarding knowledge, 80.70% of the adolescents said they knew what HPV was, but only 45.61% answered that it is a virus that causes genital warts and can cause cervical cancer. Already on the main form of transmission 75.44% responded to sexual intercourse. Regarding the vaccine 94.74% reported having already been vaccinated, 84.21% reported knowing the importance of the immunization, but only 47.37% responded that its purpose is to prevent cervical cancer. 71.93% of teens never attended a lecture on HPV. Conclusion: The adolescents' knowledge about HPV, as well as the importance of the vaccine, is still incipient and with little scientific basis. It is suggested a dynamic approach, with greater interaction with health, school and university teams to be carried out within the school environment, with the aim of making them knowledgeable and knowledgeable about the importance of the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, especially HPV, in order to make them agents that promote their health and empower them.


Summary form only given, as follows. The study of the plasma focus dynamics has been treated to include the distribution profiles of kinetic energy, electrical energy and the power input in the axial and the pinch off phase. The snowplow model equations and the pinch phase equations for plasma motion in one dimension and the equation of energies have been simulated on computer. The distribution of the energies sho;v strong dependence on the ratio of the peridic time of the external circuit to the transit time of the current sheath motion in the axial phase.


Six different methods for walking from a minimum on a potential energy surface to a transition structure are tested on the Lennard‐Jones surface for a cluster of eight argon atoms. The six methods consist of two Newton–Raphson‐type algorithms using augmented Hessians, two methods for following gradient extremals, one following the intrinsic reaction coordinate on the image potential, and a constrained optimization technique. Only if the lowest mode of a given symmetry is followed can these methods locate transition structures in a stable manner. Optimizations along the higher modes display erratic or no convergence. The analysis shows that this is due to two factors: Hessian eigenvectors in general provide a poor direction for the uphill walk, and the presence of bifurcations along the path.


ABSTRACT Experiencing highly stressful events may lead not only to the development of different forms of clinically significant disorders (anxiety, depression, etc.), but to recovery and growth as well. Regardless the huge amount of research within the domain of 'negative' and 'positive' reactions to stress, the underlying mechanisms that modulate the different reactions and their dynamic has not yet been totally elucidated. Nevertheless, meaning systems have been repeatedly found to play a major role in the denouement of stress-induced reactions. This present research is mostly interested in the investigation of the relationship between global meaning systems and the propensity of stress-affected individuals towards more adaptive or maladaptive reactions. Accordingly, we have appealed to proverbs in order to tap the underlying meaning systems (as 'life-mottos') in diabetic patients by using Q methodology. Finally, the results revealed by the Q methodology have been analyzed together with those obtained from self-report assessments, thus offering a more complete picture of the investigated issue. KEYWORDS: stress-related growth, meaning-making, global meaning system, proverbs, Q methodology INTRODUCTION The reviewing of the stress and trauma literature has revealed that the experiencing of extremely negative events does not necessarily and exclusively lead to the development of distress and disablement. Huge amounts of centurieslong observations have recorded the possibility of turning adversity into growth (Tedeschi, Park, & Calhoun, 1998). Because of its possible adaptive potential, posttraumatic growth has gained more and more attention in the last few years (Zoellner & Maercker, 2006; Taylor, Lichtman, & Wood, 1984; Affleck & Tennen, 1996), and knowledge about this phenomenon has been considerably refined. Notwithstanding, results in this domain are still somewhat contradictory and confusing. Meaning-making has been found to have a huge importance in recovering and/or growing from the encounter with negative events (Affleck, Tennen, & Gerschman, 1985; Silver, Boon, & Stones, 1983), thus several approaches have tried to deal with it (e.g. Park & Folkman, 1997; Nolen-Hoeksema & Davis, 1999; Nolen-Hoeksema & Larson, 1999; Neimeyer, 2001). Consequently, there have been attempts to complete existing models of stress with that of meaning making. One of the most successful approaches that encompass and may be capable of explaining the possibility of possible stress-related reactions is that of Park and Folkman (1997) on meaning making in the context of stress and coping. The authors build their model on Lazarus's Cognitive-Motivational-Relational model of stress and coping (1991), the main tenets of which is appraisal and coping. According to Park and Folkman's (1997) approach, each individual has two forms of meaning-systems, which both intervene in the process of making meaning of the negative event: the global and the situational meaning systems. The Global Meaning system represents the person's beliefs and goals, containing both culturally shared meanings, and individualized meanings. It refers to the system of higher, abstracted and generalized levels of peoples' basic goals and fundamental assumptions, beliefs and expectations about the world (Park & Folkman, 1997). Global meaning systems seem to influence the way people appraise the personal relevance of the encountered event and further on deal with it and its consequences. The Situational meaning system refers to the interaction of a person's global beliefs and goals and the requirements of the particular person-environment transaction (Park & Folkman, 1997) within the encounter with the event. As stated in Lazarus' Cognitive-Motivational-Relational model of stress and coping (1991), situational meaning would be represented by the individual's appraisal of this transaction, which in turn would influence the way the person copes with the demands of the situation (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Lazarus, 1991). …


Quantum transduction is an essential ingredient in scaling up distributed quantum architecture and is actively pursued based on various physical platforms. However, demonstrating a transducer with positive quantum capacity is still practically challenging. In this work, we discuss a new approach to relax the impedance matching condition to half impedance matching condition, achieved by introducing two-photon drive in the electro-optic transducer. We show the quantum transduction capacity can be enhanced and can be understood in a simple interference picture with the help of Bloch-Messiah decomposition. The parameter regimes with positive quantum capacity is identified and compared with and without the drive, indicating that the parametric drive-induced enhancement is promising in demonstrating quantum state conversion, and is expected to boost the performance of transduction with various physical platforms.


If the concept of "person" initially seems alien to the work of Franz Rosenzweig, it would nevertheless appear that what he means by the word "soul" in the Star of Redemption, and his descriptions of its successive conversions, questions the very status of a "concept" of person. Thus, the soul, which is the feminine expression of an insurmountable tension between Eros and Thanatos, allows us to apprehend the person as a fleeting concept, or one that is always in the process of becoming. This is akin to the biblical paradigm of the amorous exile of the Shulamite woman in the Song of Songs, which serves as a counterpoint to Revelation in the Star of Redemption.


A Ramsey apparatus for cold, polarised neutrons is described, which enables us to measure neutron precession angles with an absolute accuracy of about 1 . This is necessary to perform a planned high-accuracy measurement of the incoherent neutron scattering length bi;d of the deuteron. The performance of the apparatus is demonstrated in systematic stability measurements as well as in two selected examples using samples containing polarised nuclear spins. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 21.45.+v; 25.40.Dn; 28.20.Cz; 25.10.+s; 29.25.Pj; 76.70.Fz


We present near-infrared observations of a sample of mainly interacting ultraluminous infrared galaxies, comprising H- and K-band spectra. Our main aims are to investigate the power source of these extremely luminous objects and the various excitation mechanisms of the strong molecular hydrogen emission often seen in such objects. Broadened emission lines were only detected in one object, IRAS 23498, consistent with the previous results for this galaxy. The [Si vi] emission line was detected in IRAS 17179 and 20210, both classified as Sy2s. Two of the samples were unclassified, IRAS 00150 and 23420, which exhibit neither [Si vi] emission nor broadened H i emission. However this does not rule out the presence of an obscured AGN. Analysis of the molecular hydrogen emission showed that the major excitation mechanism for most objects was thermal. Modelling of the more luminous objects indicates that for IRAS 20210 10 per cent, and for both IRAS 23365 and IRAS 23420 30 per cent, of the 1–0 S(1) line emission has a non-thermal origin.


Method and Materials: Eclipse©'s electron Monte Carlo (eMC) (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) engine is a fast implementation of Monte Carlo(MC) method for radiotherapytreatment planning with electron beams. Several types of phantoms, combining low and high density heterogeneities ranging from air through lung to cortical bone, are used to evaluate eMC by comparing its results with measurements and with full MC simulations using DOSXYZnrc (NRC, Canada). Measurements with physical phantoms are done using EBT Gafchromic© films, leading to absolute dose. The phantoms are reproduced virtually in order to exclude the effect of the CTscan (HU — density conversion curve, noise, artifacts, …) in DOSXYZnrc and in Eclipse© for full MC and eMC calculations, respectively. Results: Absolute dose profiles obtained via the three methods (measurements, eMC and MC) are compared. As expected, MC simulations agree better with measurements. The three methods agree quite well in general, within 5% even in regions of high dose gradients, which is a great improvement compared over the previous algorithms. However, larger discrepancies (as high as 10%) between eMC and measurements are found under the small heterogeneities, as was already reported by Ding et al (Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 2781 (2006)). Our differences are smaller though probably due to the fact that that they use smaller heterogeneities which is harder to model due to scatter. This is still under investigation. The effect of the use of CT‐defined phantoms instead of the virtual phantoms is also part of this study. Conclusion: Our preliminary results using virtually designed phantoms show that eMC simulations give a good agreement with measurements within uncertainties. This study is very encouraging and shows that it should now be possible to treat the electron beams with the same kind of precision as is already done for photon beams.


Political ideology plays a crucial role in the development of the nation-state and the basis of that ideology often lies in apriori mythic knowledge. Scholars such as and many others credit myth with helping structure and establish political ideologies. Myth helps create the fundamental self-image and purpose of the state and provides a sense of the past as well as a direction for the future. Traditional myth operates not only as a construct in which to view one's environment, but as a driving and motivating force for action. Successful myth must unify and create a national entity greater than the sum of its political parts. It must serve not only as a result of action, but as a catalyst. Drawing upon the works of noted scholars, this study examines the myth of the state and its role in unifying a people and forging a sense of nationalism that extends across the divisions within a society and maintains control. This analysis also contends that states may house competing ideologies that threaten and even transform them. The


Archibald. Stoneman again writes about Alexander, but now 'the Medieval Alexander'. The 'rediscovery' of Petronius and Apuleius by the humanists is central in a concluding piece by Robert H. F. Carver. As in any collection of essays, the quality and complexity of contributions di¶ers, although clearly an attempt was made to produce a well-balanced volume that would prove useful to students. Scholars approaching the volume in the hope of μnding revolutionary insights or discussions of literary theory will inevitably be disappointed. Those, however, who wish to acquaint themselves with the broad μeld of Latin μction will μnd much in this book that suits them. Most essays are conveniently short and well-structured, and provide readers an easy access to the texts and the main problems concerning them. One or two desiderata may perhaps be added here. In a volume such as this, a separate essay on the earliest Roman texts, such as the Roman version of the Milesian Tales by Sisenna, would have not have been out of place. After all, Roman μction does not begin with Petronius. Some remarks on, for example, Roman satire, narrative poetry, and letter writing (one readily thinks of some 'novelistic' letters by Pliny) could have been added as well. The special Roman inspiration of Petronius and, particularly, Apuleius, deserves more attention. The essay on hagiography is particularly welcome and is well placed in the volume as a whole. It deservedly highlights texts such as the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. But what about the canonical Acts? Or, indeed, of the whole Bible, a book so full of narrative? (This is acknowledged on p. 189: 'The literary in·uence of this text simply cannot be overestimated'.) Surely, then, a short contribution on the Vetus Latina and Vulgate would seem required. Given the introductory nature of most essays, one would expect clear bibliographical notes referring to the standard editions, commentaries, and (above all, perhaps) translations, but surprisingly this practical information is mostly missing. Few users of the book will have immediate access to texts like Dictys or the Historia Apollonii, and more suggestions for reading the primary texts would have been helpful. Finally, the contributors are distinguished experts and there is hardly room for complaint here. Nonetheless, it is surprising to μnd no scholars from Groningen among them, although Groningen certainly counts as a centre of ancient novel studies. One wonders whether it was really necessary to have three contributors represented with two essays each. A collection of essays could always have been better, and there is always still work to be done. But this is a convenient and thorough volume that covers a wide μeld of Latin texts and will be of use to many students of the ancient novels, particularly those on university courses.


A survey was carried out, involving layer chicken farmers to identify and inventory the different feed components and to determine their rates of incorporation in poultry feed rations, as well as to inventory different layer lines or commercial crosses raised in Togo and finally to determine their production performances. During the survey, samples of feed ingredients and complete layer diets were collected for crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) levels determination. The survey indicated that 15 different feed components were used in the formulation of layer feed rations. Among these components, corn was the most important component (52.60±2.58%) followed by wheat bran (16.11±2.72%), roasted soya (11.40±1.91%), fish meal (8.29±1.64%) and cotton seed (7.57±1.58%). Rates of incorporation of these components in the feed ration varied according to the producer and the age of chickens, as there are no established standard requirements for layer feed in Togo currently. The survey revealed that average layer numbers per farm increased from 329 to 520 chickens between 2001 and 2005. Several layers strains or commercial crosses are present in Togo, however, only Isa Brown (IB), Harco and Hisex White (HW) were considered important. Productive performances were comparable between these three strains. It was concluded that promotion of the local egg industry in Togo should focus on the establishment of hatchery, proficient feed mill units, providing information about management practices and training those involved in the sector on appropriate technologies.


High quality epitaxial NdBa2Cu3O7−δ (NBCO) superconducting thin films have been deposited on SrTiO3 (100), LaAlO3 (100), and NdGaO3 (110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition using slightly Ba-rich Nd1−xBa2+xCu3O7−δ (x=0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.10) targets. The influence of target composition on the properties of thin films, including superconductivity, epitaxial structure, and surface morphology have been systematically investigated. In both four-probe and dc magnetization measurements, the Tc0 of 91–93 K is routinely achieved from targets with x=0.00, 0.03, and 0.05. The highest is 94 K for the films corresponding to the target of Nd0.97Ba2.03Cu3O7−δ. The critical current density Jc in a 1000 A thick, 5 μm wide bridge is 3.8×106 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero magnetic field. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrates that the structure of films sensitively depends on the substrate deposition temperature. When the substrate deposition temperature decreases from 900 to 800 °C, the orientation of NBCO films gradu...


African and Castillian epics have more features in common than one would think. Griots and Castillian bards share many features: the formulae, repetitions and themes are similar. Storytellers expect to obtain some profit in return for their stories, which thrilled their audience, magnifying the courage of local heroes. Moreover, the African epic has allowed European scholars to question some of the most controversial theories, such as the possibility that stories did not require a written version before they were orally transmitted in royal courts and public squares.


Mycotoxins(secondary metabolite) are produced by fungus.In animal body,the toxicity of mycotoxins is chronic,mycotoxins rarely cause death of the animal.But mycotoxins can reduce the nutritional value of feed and the animal production performance,thus impact on productivity.Mycotoxins which remain in animal products(meat,milk and so on) bring a serious threat to human health.The author introduced the common mycotoxins(aflatoxins,ochratoxins,zearalenone,deoxynivaleno,T-2 toxin,fumonisins and so on) in feed,and its toxicity and hazard,as well as reviewed the prevention measures and detoxification methods of mycotoxins to reduce the hazard of mycotoxins.


The invention discloses a gas dissolving device for improving gas dissolving efficiency of wastewater treatment by using electromagnetic shear field. The device comprises a shell; a plurality of electrode plates are distributed in the shell side by side; the electrode plates are alternately divided into two groups; and the two groups of electrode plates are equipped with electric connecting lines. The device also comprises an EM module pulse power system comprising an L-C resonant constant current charging circuit, a two-level charge and discharge circuit, a pulse width modulator and a pulse compression circuit. The invention uses magnetic shear field (electromagnetic shear narrow pulse) to act on cluster structure of water molecules and pollutants in wastewater, change the physical and chemical properties of wastewater, and improve the efficiency of gas dissolving and reaction speed of chemical and biochemical reaction; under the same efficiency, the device can lower energy consumption by more than 50%; besides, the device has a volume only 1/10 of a gas dissolving device in the prior art, thus saving a lot of raw materials.


This article gives an account of a new method for building up a fault-dictionary, which is able to substitute any method of fault simulation. It not only can shorten the time of setting up the dictionary, but also save much storage space.


This chapter presents a recently developed theoretical model on jobrelated stress and performance, the so-called Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) model. The DISC model predicts in general that adverse health effects of high job demands can best be compensated for by matching job resources to the high demands. Furthermore, the model predicts that a well-balanced mixture of specific job demands and corresponding job resources will stimulate employee learning, growth, and performance. Not restricting ourselves to social support, which is mentioned in the quote above and which indeed represents one important resource in job stress (cf. Viswesvaran et al., 1999), we present some refined theoretical predictions on emotional, cognitive, and physical processes that guide how different kinds of job resources can be matched to particular job demands and job-related strains. The aim of this chapter is thus twofold: (I) to present a new job stress theory, and (2) to show recent empirical evidence for its basic assumptions by means of a narrative review.


The overall view of this paper is to study the behavior of cold formed steel channel section beams with an infill of concrete. The flexural behavior of cold formed steel infilled and hollow beams is investigated by conducting experimental study using two point load test [1]. Totally twelve beams are tested, out of which six are infilled with concrete and remaining six are hollow sections. Depth to thickness ratio is varied from 45 to 75 for all sections. For comparison, theoretical values are calculated based on Rigid Plastic Analysis for infilled beams and Australian/ New Zealand code 4600-2005 for hollow sections. Tremendous increase in load carrying capacity of infilled sections is observed. Using same amount of steel, high strength was attained by filling the sections with concrete. Experimentally it is observed that the load carrying capacity for infilled beams is not affected with a flat width ratio up to 71 for depth of section. Keywords—Flexural;Infilled beams;Hollow beams;Flat width ratio;Depth to thickness ratio;


Abstract Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin or heparin or both in the treatment for recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in women with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Methods: Systematic searches for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating on live birth and preterm delivery, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, gestational diabetes, bleeding of RSA with APS patients receiving aspirin, and heparin therapy were carried out, from PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. Related data were extracted from eligible studies and then subjected to Reviewer Manage 5.3 for analysis. Relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: Nineteen publications with randomized controlled trials were selected for this study, which included a total of 1251 pregnant patients with diagnosis of RSA with APS. With respect to live birth, it was remarkably improved in aspirin plus heparin or heparin alone group [RR =1.23, 95% CI (1.12–1.36), p < .0001; RR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.03–1.35), p = .02]; aspirin alone group, however, there was no statistically significant difference compare to placebo [RR = 0.97, 95% CI (0.80–1.16), p = .71]. Meanwhile, aspirin plus heparin therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications including preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), gestational diabetes, and minor bleeding. A beneficial therapeutic effect of heparin alone therapy was found on preventing preterm birth and low-dose aspirin plus heparin therapy was significant reduce the risk of preeclampsia. Conclusion: An improvement of pregnancy outcomes in women with RSA and APS can be achieved by treatment strategies combining low-dose aspirin plus heparin or heparin alone. Aspirin alone, by contrast, seemed inferior to other treatments in achieving more live birth.