Uncleaned plastic films constitute about 20% by mass and 8% by volume of Urban Solid Waste (USW). These amounts are worrying, because just 10% of all collected waste has a controlled final destination, in Brazil. One aggravanting problem in plastic film recycling is the effluent from washing, which can be very contaminated. The objectives of this study were: to develop procedures to clean the plastic films from USW; to characterize some washing effluents of these films; to reprocess HDPE and LDPE films separately with an antioxidant additive (together with a flow additive) and to determine the rheological properties of the recycled material. The experimental results showed that the washing water agitation time had a more important role in cleaning the plastic than the percentage of NaOH used in the washing step. Secondly, the effluent from wasu\ing was shown to carry quantity of organic material (BOD - 700 mg/l) and high turbidity. Lastly, the recycled material was perceptlibly altered only after the third reprocessing (extrusion).


Existing the clarity in current government budget low,the budget is not complete,the binding force weak etc. problem,this make at the budget carry out public to budget of direct flabbiness have no dint,rigid stipulation shortage,also stir up the corruption emily.Resolve the basic way of these problems,lie in practice the public budget and accept the public direct,draw up unifying budget and avoid the receipt and expenditure outside the budget be free from control,thin turn the section budget and carry out zero budgets,carry out the rigid budget,the late authority that raise the public budget continuously.


—In this article, the concept of a future manufacturer-independent network standard for operating rooms is presented. On the basis of this standard, the realization of an integrated networked operating room is discussed using two workstations: One for the surgical and one for the anesthesia workplace displaying and controlling further networked components like patient bench, endoscope or tracking system respectively. As the main focus of this work the anesthesia workstation with an integrated system for telesupervision is presented. The workstation consolidates information from patient monitor, anesthesia machine and syringe pumps. Furthermore, information from surgical devices are requested to support the anesthesiologist. As a medical application the integration of an extended alarm concept is discussed followed by an outlook on options such a system can offer in near future.


A new technique for quantitative study of mitochondria is proposed. This method is based on the measurement by a photometric system of the area of the mitochondria and of the cytoplasm on electron microscopic photographs. Photographs are transferred on drawing paper. Mitochondria are blackened with India ink and a first measurement is taken. Then, nuclei and extracellular spaces are blackened and a second measurement is made, to obtain the area of cytoplasm by difference to the total area. The percent ratio mitochondriacytoplasm is then calculated. With this method, the ratio mitochondria-cytoplasm in cells from normal liver and from Yoshida ascites hepatoma, was studied in rats. The average values of the percent ratio were 22.49 for normal and 6.61 for tumor cells.


Due to the legislative constraints and unrefinedness,there have occurred a lot of theoretical and practical issues concerning the suspects who are sentenced to "detention and paying fines" for dangerous driving offenses according to the Second Paragraph of the First Provision of the 133th Article of the Penal Code.On the basis of learning from foreign legislative experiences,we should improve the set of legal punishment of the offense for dangerous driving.One-year imprisonment of the legal punishment is advised to add to the setting of legal punishment.All jurisdictions will view a person as committing an offence,if they are found to be driving a vehicle in a manner which results in the death or injury of another person.Dangerous driving charges cover a number of different cases,such as excessive speeding,being adversely affected by an intoxicating substance,taking part in unlawful speed trials.Penalties for dangerous driving charges vary depending mainly on whether anyone is injured or killed by the drivers action,but can be up to years imprisonment.


Objective: To analyze the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and social support in elderly patients with coronary artery disease in xi 'an after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: 307 subjects were investigated by self-designed questionnaire, MUNSH and SSRS. Results: The total score of positive factors of subjective well-being in elderly patients with coronary heart disease after stent implantation was positively correlated with the total score of social support (P < 0.001), while the total score of negative factors was negatively correlated with the total score of social support (P < 0.001). The main influencing factors of subjective well-being were family per capita monthly income, chronic diseases and social support. Conclusion: Subjective well-being of elderly patients after surgery needs to be improved. Close attention should be paid to their social support to improve their happiness level and quality of life in later years.


Over decades, gradient descent has been applied to develop learning algorithm to train a neural network (NN). In this brief, a limitation of applying such algorithm to train an NN with persistent weight noise is revealed. Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be the performance measure of an ideal NN. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is applied to develop the gradient descent learning (GDL). With weight noise, the desired performance measure (denoted as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E[V(\tilde {\mathbf w})|{\mathbf w}]$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tilde {\mathbf w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the noisy weight vector. Applying GDL to train an NN with weight noise, the actual learning objective is clearly not <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> but another scalar function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For decades, there is a misconception that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) = {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and hence, the actual model attained by the GDL is the desired model. However, we show that it might not: 1) with persistent additive weight noise, the actual model attained is the desired model as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) = {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; and 2) with persistent multiplicative weight noise, the actual model attained is unlikely the desired model as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) \neq {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Accordingly, the properties of the models attained as compared with the desired models are analyzed and the learning curves are sketched. Simulation results on 1) a simple regression problem and 2) the MNIST handwritten digit recognition are presented to support our claims.


The drought forecasting models is developed using the time series of the quantitative drought monitoring results of vegetation temperature condition index(VTCI) in the Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China.The autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) is used to simulate the VTCI series of each pixel and forecast their changes in the future.A new way of modeling the spatio-temporal series is presented by extending of the forecasting models of some pixels to the whole area.The AR(1) models are suitable for all VTCI series of the 36 pixels.Therefore,the AR(1) models are applied to each pixel of the whole area,and the forecast is done with 1-2 lead-times.Comparing the monitoring and forecasting results,the forecasting accuracies of the AR(1) models are better,and the accuracies of the 1 lead-time are less than those of the 2 lead-times.The VTCI series of pixels in the whole study area are fitted by the selected best models.Comparing the fitting data with the historical data,the results show that VTCI series are better fitted by AR(1) models.Most of the simulating errors are small.All these results demonstrate that AR(1) models are suitable for drought forecasting using the VTCI series.


Based on semisolid agar culture and limiting diluting micro - culture, we have established a new chemosensitivity test
system in vitro - microliquid clonogenic
assay. Using this assay, the cytotoxicity of harringtonine ( H ) and homoharringtonine (HH) on CFU- GM (colony - forming units of granulomacrophages ) and L - CFU (leukemic colony - forming units) were teste-d. The result suggested that the cytotoxicity of HH on CFU -GM and L -CFU was more potent than that of H under 24h and 168h expo-
sure methods; that cytotoxic selectivity of H and HH on L -CFU was larger than on CFU - GM, but the cytotoxic selectivity of HH was smaller than that of H. H and HH were cell cycle phasespecific drugs according to their TDIs. The possibility of homologous drug cross - resistance between H and HH were investigated.


Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a spectrum of abnormalities, referred to as the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol measurement issues have created many challenges in understanding the patterns of alcohol exposure that result in FASD. Knowledge about prenatal alcohol volume and timing of exposure in relationship to fetal outcomes improves our understanding of the magnitude of risk with various patterns of drinking. Using data on 992 subjects collected prospectively in California between 1978 and 2005, we examined the patterns and timing of alcohol exposure in relation to the characteristic features of FAS and to minor structural malformations that occurred in at least five percent of the sample that were not previously established as the characteristic features of FAS. A dysmorphologist performed a blinded physical examination of each infant for the presence or absence of minor structural malformations using a standard checklist of 132 minor malformations. In addition to the minor malformations, a number of anthropometric parameters were measured. Patterns of drinking were evaluated by drinks per day, number of binge episodes, and maximum number of drinks. Timing of exposure was evaluated 0-6 weeks post- conception, 6-12 weeks post-conception, second trimester, and third trimester. Logistic and poisson regression models were developed to test both hypotheses. Reduced birth length and weight, microcephaly, smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, and naevus flammeus neonatorum are associated with specific gestational timing of prenatal alcohol exposure and are dose-related without evidence of a threshold. Additionally, poisson regression models of the alcohol-related outcomes showed that during the first two trimesters, as the number of drinks per day on average increased and the number of binge episodes increased, the number of alcohol-related birth outcomes significantly increased (p's<0.001). As the maximum number of drinks in one occasion increased throughout pregnancy, the number of outcomes also significantly


of inoculation and/or two levels of 100% 50% (AM) inoculation. In and cross-sectional area, and total weights increasing deficit irrigation levels in both cultivars. olive plants inoculated with the significantly greater growth indices in comparison to the non-in-oculated Increasing deficit irrigation level resulted in the leaf total carbohydrates decreased. On the contrary, AM colonization significantly increased chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, total carbohydrates and CAT activity. A reduction in leaf water potential ( ψ ) was evident with increasing water deficit level from 100 to 50%. However, the plants inoculated with the AM fungi exhibited greater leaf water potential (-1.0 MPa) in comparison with the non-inoculated plants (-1.3 MPa). Water deficit exhibited an increase in the stomatal and trichome densities while stomatal dimensions (length and width) and trichome diameter decrease in both cultivars. Stomatal density in 'Koroneiki' leaves increased by 21.25% (vs. 14.54% for 'Manzanillo' leaves) during deficit irrigation. Moreover, 'Koroneiki' cultivar exhibited a higher increase in trichome density than 'Manzanillo' cultivar. There was no noticeable effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on leaf anatomy.


The specificity of the tasks assigned to 3D printers leads to the fact that the cost of each manufactured part, as well as the entire final product as a whole, largely depends on the level of debugging of the printing process. Today, FDM printing is characterized by the occurrence of both system and random deviations in the shape of the manufactured parts, which leads to a loss of time, production resources and rejection of the manufactured part. Manufacturing enterprises are interested in increasing the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing parts by printing. Solving the problem of increasing repeatability by introducing an adaptive system for controlling the printing process will reduce the production time of products, eliminate the participation of personnel in the manufacturing process of the part and reduce the cost of production of products. The work presents the algorithm of operation of the adaptive system for automated control of the process of printing parts on printers equipped with an optical production control system.


ABSTRACT Affinity chromatography is an often overlooked chromatographic technique regarding receptor/ligand studies. Indeed, biologists have a tendency to focus on more recent biophysical techniques such as NMR or surface plasmon resonance methods, among others. However, in order to face challenges related to the use of membrane proteins in drug discovery, alternative and/or complementary methods are welcome. In this frame, chromatographic methods, through the affinity mode, bring new perspectives due to their relative simplicity and the great diversity of information that they can provide. Affinity chromatography methods rely on the immobilization of targets on the stationary phase and this step is crucial when dealing with membrane proteins. Different immobilization strategies with their own specificities (surface density, nonspecific interaction, complex surface chemistry of the taking or release step) were developed allowing to encompass a wide range of applications: from ligand-ranking (synthetic compounds of medium to high affinity) to fragment screening (small compounds of weak affinity), adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies or identification of active components from natural extracts.


Let M be an n-dimensional compact manifold and N be an arbitrary manifold. The mapping space Map(M,N) can be equipped with the compact-open topology. This can be seen as an in nite-dimensional manifold modelled on Banach spaces. For many geometric purposes, such Banach manifolds are inconvenient since several of the theorems one knows from the nite-dimensional cases fail in this context. Hilbert manifolds, i.e. manifolds modelled on separable Hilbert spaces, behave much better (see e.g. [Lan]). Transversality theorems for Hilbert manifolds are used in work by Chataur and also by the author to provide geometric descriptions of string topology. Since for algebraic topology applications nally only the homotopy type of Map(M,N) matters, we are interested in getting a Hilbert manifold homotopy equivalent to Map(M,N). To that end, we use the theory of Sobolev spaces to construct a Hilbert manifold H(M,N) which serves our purposes. It should be noted that our main results are known for a long time. It has been stated which a sketched proof, for example, in [E-M]. Furthermore, a great part of our section 2 was proved in greater generality in [Pal2]. In spite of that, the author has the opinion that it is good to have a complete and concrete proof of this fundamental construction written down. Our constructions and argumentation are modelled on the situation of the free loop space as discussed in [Kli], 1.2. There is no claim for originality.


In this paper, an event-triggered adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed to solve optimal tracking control problems. The event-triggered control law will be updated only when the triggering conditions are satisfied. Therefore, the computational cost can be reduced and the celerity of tracking can be improved. Compared to existing works, novel triggering conditions are designed in this paper. Besides, the stability is guaranteed with less assumption. Neural networks are used to implement the tracking control algorithm. Finally, an example is employed to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Minimal renormalization without ǫ-expansion: Three-loop amplitude functions of the O(n) symmetric φ 4 theory in three dimensions below T c Abstract We present an analytic three-loop calculation for thermodynamic quantities of the O(n) symmetric φ 4 theory below T c within the minimal subtraction scheme at fixed dimension d = 3. Goldstone singularities arising at an intermediate stage in the calculation of O(n) symmetric quantities cancel among themselves leaving a finite result in the limit of zero external field. From the free energy we calculate the three-loop terms of the amplitude functions f φ , F + and F − of the order parameter and the specific heat above and below T c , respectively, without using the ǫ = 4−d expansion. A Borel resummation for the case n = 2 yields resummed amplitude functions f φ and F − that are slightly larger than the one-loop results. Accurate knowledge of these functions is needed for testing the renormalization-group prediction of critical-point universality along the λ-line of superfluid 4 He. Combining the three-loop result for F − with a recent five-loop calculation of the additive renormalization constant of the specific heat yields excellent agreement between the calculated and measured universal amplitude ratio A + /A − of the specific heat of 4 He.


This paper will attempt to offer a vision of the evolution of the argentine pharmaceutical sector in the last sixty years. The period is divided into two distinct stages: 1958-1976, maturation and crisis of the sustitution of pharmaceutical imports, and since then, development industrial with growing internationalization. The aim of the article is to put emphasis in all levels, macro, sectorial and micro to show the impact of this economic action in society. However the great diversity of this branch, the performance of international subgroup encouraged expectations for the future of the sector for its ability to show the way and integrate small firms as good providers. The State always regulated this industry because of its strategic nature both in the provision of goods that serve the health of the population as for the high added value of production. Jorge Sabato stressed the importance of the interaction between the State, business and science as an engine in the development of countries. He understood the State as executor of deliberate actions involving an act not arbitrary but based on a preliminary investigation of the variables. The application of these ideas from the democratic transition accelerated the growth of this industry that had built tecnoproductive capabilities and competitiveness since the beginning of 20th century in Argentina.


Significant progress has been made in the synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer composite membranes for gas separations. Zeolite/polyalkylthiophene composite membranes have been prepared and characterized for zeolite NaY.


so unique that it would be idle to consult the file of precedence in the hope of finding precept or rule such as would throw any light upon its legal position. But no small portion of the present body of international law has had its origin in the continual extension of simple principles to complex cases and in the detection of analogies between new and old sets of facts. The great but simple rules of Hugo Grotius respecting the freedom of the high seas have, in later centuries, received applications of which their author could have had no conception. The Congress of Vienna, for example, applied the principle to the chief rivers of North-


Guide lines are laid down for the use of technical equipment ensuring safety at level crossings, and a summary is given of its development on the German Federal Railway. The use at level crossings of safety equipment operated by hand, as well as by the trains, is described. Details are also shown of the difficulties and possibilities involved in the operation of the barriers by the signals, and the connection between level-crossings and modern central signal cabins.


Little empirical knowledge about unemployed adults exists during a time when this group needs substantial career assistance. Because there is greater empirical understanding of college student career development compared with what is known about unemployed adults, a chi square and analyses of covariance were used to compare the career thinking, self-efficacy, and interests of 169 unemployed adults seeking public job center assistance with that of 200 college students. Additionally, a diverse sample of 2,444 unemployed adults is demographically reviewed. Unemployed adults reported a higher level of Realistic interests and similar levels of negative career thinking and career decision-making self-efficacy compared with college students.


Traditionally, the literature has analyzed the determinants of horizontal activities of multinational firms—which entail serving the host market—vis-a-vis vertical activities—which entail a form of production fragmentation and trade flows within— and outside—the boundaries of the firm. For the most part, past analysis have been restricted by data availability: When detailed data on affiliates' activities were available, the coverage in terms of countries was small, and when data for a broad set of countries were available, the detail provided on the affiliates' activity was very low. This paper brings new evidence on the determinants of the activity of affiliates of multinational firms in Asia, in the context of global value chains. The analysis relies on a unique firm-level data set provided by Dun & Bradstreet (D& B) with comprehensive coverage of the countries in the region. The key feature of the data that makes the analysis possible is the information provided, at the firm level, on the firm's engagement in international trade activities; in this way, affiliates can be classified as host-market oriented or exporters. The traditional country and industry determinants of different types of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)—comparative advantage, trade costs, and economies of scale—can be tested in a very precise way for a large set of countries and augmented by production fragmentation considerations (i.e., inputoutput links) and measures of engagement of countries in the global value chain (e.g., measures of value-added trade and exports' upstreamness).


This paper presents the performance improvement of harmonic detection using a synchronous reference frame method (SRF). This method is used with shunt active power filter to eliminate the harmonic in three-phase power system. The cutoff frequency tuning of low pass and high pass filters is included in the process of SRF method. The shunt active power filter model can be represented by the ideal current source. This model is used for testing the performance of harmonic elimination. In this paper, the three-phase diode rectifier behaves as the nonlinear load to generate the harmonic of the system. The simulation results and discussion are described in this paper.


The standard Galerkin, entropy viscosity (EV) and streamline upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) methods were implemented for the advection equation and the Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible ...


This study was conducted in three villages' lands of Maradi and Zinder. In this area, since 1982, the trend of land degradation seems to be stopped by a process of "regreening" and "revegetation" observed through image analysis large-scale satellites, and local case studies. Farmers Managed Natural Resource (FMNR) made in the South band of Niger is considered the pillar of the regreening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of innovative farmers specially "the first FMNR practitioners", pioneers of FMNR practice in the regreening process. To achieve this purpose, an approach with two sides was adopted: the first part was based on tree-ring measurements and square yields, and the second was to determine the social status of models farmers or innovative farmers "the first to practice FMNR" through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The results show that the density of trees is five (5) times higher in the fields of innovative (192 trees ha -1 ) compared to controls (38 trees ha1). Indeed, grain yield among innovators farmers is double of the control with an average difference of 346 kg ha -1 . Interviews revealed that native species were generally rejected and considered scrub "useless" for this purpose almost all innovators farmer were relatively happy because only them could give the luxury to maintain trees in their fields. This study demonstrates that innovative farmers contribute to regreening deeply through the densification of trees in their fields. However, according to the traditional perception leaving trees in his field were a bad omen performance. Only the rich of the village could give that luxury.


Over the last several years digital pests namely viruses and spam have reached epidemic proportions, severely impacting the usability of digital communication systems, primarily affecting email. These pests result in increased bandwidth usage, increased operating costs, potential security threats and above all decreased usability. They also have the potential to create Denial of Service attacks, crippling the networks that they infect or target. Whilst to date they have been mostly confined to email, it is becoming apparent that they have the potential to impact digital communications infrastructure of the future. For example, concerns have already been raised with regards to the potential impact of spam on Voice over IP. Spam and viruses have also been appearing within other technologies and communication media, including mobile phone networks and hand held devices. To combat the abovementioned security problems, we propose an email scanning gateway using open source tools, whilst ensuring that the gateway can be readily deployed in a commercial environment. In this paper we present details of the design and implementation, and discuss several possible applications of our proposed system.


Within the covariant Lagrangian formalism, the equations of motion for spin-1/2 particles with polarizabilities in an electromagnetic field have been obtained. We have analyzed the phenomenological tensor constant quantities as well.


Introduction 1 Tasting Is Believing: A Few Thoughts on Still Life Poetics 2 On Tender Buttons and Brussels Sprouts: Modernism and the Aesthetics of Consumption 3 Pop Serialism: Soup Cans, Pie Counters and Things that Look like Meat 4 Minimalists and Anorexics 5 Uncontrollable Materialities: Food and the Body in Performance Epilogue: The Food and Hunger Poet at the Turn of the Century Anorexia, Anthropoemia and Abjection Notes Works Cited Index


To improve security of wireless mesh network,a scheme of identity authentication based on recommendation trust is put forward.When target node requests to join in the network,source node broadcasts recommendation request,recommendation nodes respond to the request and evaluate the reliability of target node by value of recommendation trust.The scheme integrated evaluate the recommendation trust of recommendation nodes based on weighting factor.Source node can judge the reliability of node visually and effectively by trust grade,which can avoid unreliable node and impove the security of WMN.


Rare types of protein glycosylation often occur in a domain-specific manner required for important
biological functions (Okajima et al. 2008). O-linked fucosylation, where the fucose is linked directly to
the hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine residues, has so far only been reported on three distinct
protein modules: epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains; thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs);
and on the protease inhibitor PMP-C. The function of O-fucosylation is well studied on EGFs, where
changes in the O-fucose glycan on Notch EGFs alter Notch signalling (reviewed in Okajima et al.
2008).
TSRs are modified by the unusual Glc-β1,3-Fuc-O- disaccharide (Hofsteenge et al. 2001;
Gonzalez de Peredo et al. 2002). Protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) initiates the fucosylation
of properly folded TSRs. Deletion of POFUT2 in C. elegans causes an early dorsal migration
phenotype of the anterior distal tip cell (Canevascini et. al, manuscript in preparation). Recently it was
shown that Pofut2 null embryos die by mid-gastrulation (Du et al. 2007). Further, O-fucosylation of
TSRs in ADAMTS13 (Ricketts et al. 2007) and ADAMTS-like 1/punctin (Wang et al. 2007) is required
for their secretion in mammalian cells. Since these experiments abolished the fucosylated glycan,
Glc-β1,3-Fuc-O-, it remains to be determined what role the glucose plays. Therefore, the β1,3-
glucosyltransferase (β3Glc-T) that catalyses the last step in the formation of this disaccharide, needed
to be identified and characterised.
In order to identify the β3Glc-T a relevant enzyme substrate in the form of properly folded
TSR-fucose needed to be produced. I describe a reproducible purification strategy for the production
of a large amount of highly pure, correctly folded TSR and fucosylated TSR domain (Chapter 6.1).
Using this TSR-fucose substrate in a specific radiochemical assay, I was able to identify the β3Glc-T
as a member of the glycosyltransferase family GT31, which includes Fringe, the enzyme that modifies
O-fucose in EGF repeats. The cloned β3Glc-T specifically catalyses the transfer of glucose from
UDP-glucose to TSR-fucose to yield Glc-β1,3-Fuc-O- (Chapter 6.2). There is no reactivity towards
non-fucosylated substrates or fucosylated EGF. The β3Glc-T protein consists of an N- and C-terminal
domain of approximately equal size that share internal sequence homology. Within the C-terminal
domain putative catalytic centre, several key residues were identified (Asp-349, Asp-351, Asp-421) for β3Glc-T activity (Chapters 6.2 and 6.3). In addition, the removal of either of the two N-glycosylation
sites in β3Glc-T resulted in diminished activity (Chapter 6.3). The β3Glc-T N-terminal domain does not
possess intrinsic β3Glc-T activity but affects its activity. Expression of the β3Glc-T C-terminal domain
requires the co-expression of the β3Glc-T N-terminal domain. I suggest that the β3Glc-T N-terminal
domain may function as a stabiliser or internal chaperone (Chapter 6.4). Moreover, it was recently
shown that mutations in the gene encoding β3Glc-T cause the severe developmental disease, Peters
Plus syndrome (PPS) (Lesnik Oberstein et al. 2006). Constructs encoding these mutated β3Glc-T
sequences express truncated proteins lacking the catalytic domain (Chapter 6.4). This raises the
possibility that the truncated β3Glc-T proteins may play a role in PPS.
The work presented in this thesis provides the basis for further studies on the role of β3Glc-T
in regulating TSR biological function, through glycosylation, in health and disease.


One of the keys to understanding the universe is the proper measurement of the relation between the luminosity distance $d_L$ and the angular diameter distance $d_A$. In 1933 Etherington deduced from general relativity the reciprocity equation $d_L=d_A(1+z)^{\gamma}$, with $\gamma=1$ for a local (non-expanding) universe. This relation has been adapted to an expanding universe with the value $\gamma=2$ by the introduction of the concept of comoving distance ($d_M$). In this work, we developed the method \textit{Cosmic Redshift Inference} to measure experimentally the value of $\gamma$ defined above independently of any possible galaxy evolution. The method has been applied to 1.2 million galaxy of SDSS DR15 obtaining the value $\gamma\simeq 1$.


Signals and Systems is such a professional and basic curriculum for both communicational and other electrical major students. It has rich content and has well organized mathematics, physics and engineering concept. For the compression of classes and non-changeable basic acquirement of course teaching, we must, in order to ensure the teaching quality of curriculum, conduct the educational reform and study of teaching system, teaching content, teaching method, teaching approach, teaching assess and practical teaching and explore an appropriate teaching model for the curriculum of Signals and Systems in our school.


Grant Allen's Philistia (1884) is a naturalist novel that provides a critical commentary on sociopolitical idealism and London's literary scene. The novel's original ending was revised and replaced during the publication process in favor of a happier ending. The original ending is published here in print for the first time, with a contextual introduction and textual note. The manuscript has previously been accessible to scholars only in the Paterno Library in University Park, Pennsylvania.


The term, 'the Black Armband view of history' has come into common usage in recent years. It has been taken up most strongly by those within the Australian community who perceive that the history of Australia is being re-written with undue attention being given to the negative aspects of European settlement, in particular the treatment of Australia's indigenous peoples. Others view these additions as an appropriate and necessary filling in of those parts of Australia's history that have been ignored or minimised in what has been described as 'the Great Australian Silence'.


Many patients presenting with haematuria undergo intravenous urography, renal tract ultrasound and cystoscopy. Renal tract ultrasound includes imaging of the bladder, which can significantly increase scan times by necessitating bladder filling, which can impact negatively on appointment scheduling. Little published literature exists on whether ultrasound of the bladder in the presence of haematuria is of any clinical benefit. This study aims to redress this by comparing bladder ultrasound to the gold standard of cystoscopy and also by assessing temporal implications in this patient group. A prospective study was undertaken where 96 consecutive urology-referred patients had their bladder ultrasound findings compared with the findings of cystoscopy under the headings of mass, trabeculation, diverticulum, stone and fistula. Ultrasound had poor sensitivity (47.8%), but good specificity (94.5%) in detecting the predefined bladder pathologies with a poor Kappa score of 0.33 when compared with cystoscopy. In addition, there was a significant time burden placed on the list by including bladder scanning as part of the renal tract sonographic assessment. In conclusion, bladder ultrasound is not shown to be a clinically useful adjunct to cystoscopy for the detection of bladder pathology. We would recommend that, in the setting of haematuria, ultrasound be used only for upper tract assessment.


A high-sensitive curvature sensor based on the negative curvature hollow core fiber (NCHCF) is proposed and demonstrated. The graded index fiber (GIF) is introduced between single-mode fiber (SMF) and NCHCF for the cascaded structure of SMF-GIF-NCHCF-GIF-SMF. Compared to the structure without GIF, the coupling efficiency is improved by 16.5%. For the cascaded structure, multi-mode interference (MMI) and anti-resonance (AR) mechanisms coexist in the transmission spectra. The experimental results show that MMI-based dips have a blue shift as curvature increases while AR is not sensitive to its variation. As such, the self-referencing approach is employed for improving the performance of the curvature sensor with a sensitivity of up to −5.27 nm/m−1. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is −0.003 nm/°C, indicating negligible temperature crosstalk. With the advantages of compactness, efficient coupling, high sensitivity, and negligible temperature crosstalk, the curvature sensor shows prospects in structural security monitoring, the aviation industry, energy exploration, and other fields.


Rear-end impacts involving Volvo cars from 1999-2002, including 1221 front seat occupants (above 14 years of age and without prior neck problems), are investigated with respect to AIS 1 neck injury rate differences between those in WHIPS seats as compared to those in previous Volvo seats. The differences with respect to gender are explored. The AIS 1 neck injury reducing effect of WHIPS compared with previous Volvo seats is 31 % for initial neck symptoms and 51% for neck symptoms lasting longer than one year. The injury reducing effect is higher for women than for men. No clear explanation for the gender differences was found with respect to occupant size. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141807.


This study aims to examine the market potential of advanced fuel-cell concepts versus alternative conventional technologies (diesel generators with heat-recovery systems, natural gas-fueled gas turbines with heat-recovery steam generators, and pulverized-coal boilers with steam turbines) and advanced technologies (advanced diesel engines with heat-recovery systems, natural gas-fueled gas-regenerative turbines with heat recovery steam generators, and atmospheric fluidized-bed boilers with steam turbines). The economic analysis considers the equivalent life-cycle cost of energy supplied to 39 specific processes representing nine basic industries (primary metals, chemicals, lumber and wood products, food and kindred products, petroleum refining, textiles, papers, rubber products, and transportation equipment). The study also estimates the allowable fuel-cell cost for a variety of industrial cogenerative and competitive technology applications and the sensitivity of allowable fuel-cell cost to fuel price variations, process/application parameters, and economic factors. Results indicate that advanced fuel cells may be economically competitive in the industrial cogeneration markets in the 1990s.


Pulmonary angiograms of patients with massive pulmonary embolism will often demonstrate complete occlusion of one pulmonary artery with little involvement of the other lung. In this group of patients, a unilateral pulmonary embolectomy through a posterolateral approach will afford a simple way of performing a meticulous cleaning of the affected pulmonary artery and all its branches. This method was used successfully in a 64-year-old woman.


Mongolia is a land-locked country in Central Asia, located between Russia and China. The country's high altitude results in cold, dry, and harsh climatic conditions with permafrost being widespread through the territory. Although the capital city Ulaanbaatar is situated in an area with discontinuous permafrost, the downtown section has recently seen a disappearance of permafrost due to an underground central heating system. During the last decade, expansion of the suburbs toward the Nalaikh Depression has resulted in construction of a new residential complex(Urgakh Naran), construction materials trading center, cement factory and agricultural products market. In the next 10 years, projects such as a university campus, logistics center, residential complex, railway and highway extensions connecting Russia and China have been planned. Engineering-geological and geotechnical investigations have been conducted for these construction projects. This paper presents some of the results determining the engineering geocryological conditions of Nalaikh district and offers foundation design options.


The genetic analysis of the low amylose content mutants YM1, YM2, P152, P153, and P154 induced fromjaponica rice Hexi 4 was cartted out. The recessive genes conditioning lower amylose content in the low amylose content mutants are alleies each other and nonallelic to the wx locus. The segregation of F2 of the crosses between low amylose contentmutants and YM1 with higher amylose content (10. 50%) fits the inheritance mode of single gene. The gene conditioninghigher amylose content is dominant to lower amylose content.


This work reports the simultaneous use of electrical impedance spectroscopy and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) refractive index sensing in the estimation of the main components of specific fuel mixtures. Fuel samples containing gasoline, dehydrated ethanol, diesel, and kerosene were analyzed. Electrical impedance spectra and FBG sensor signals were registered for each mixture. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to estimate the ethanol concentration using the information from both sensors separately and to illustrate the methodology of fusing data from sensors that measure electrical permittivity at different frequency ranges, namely, an electrical impedance sensor and the etched FBG refractometric sensor. The behavior of the ANN to fuse data and the individual analysis of the sensor signals indicated that the joint use of the proposed techniques enhance the fuel estimation quality when compared to the usage of a singleton sensor.


The wear behavior of cutting tools directly affects the quality of the machined part. The measurement and evaluation of wear is a time consuming and process and is subjective. Therefore, an image-based wear measure that can be computed automatically based on given image series of cutting tools and an objective way to review the resulting wear is presented in this paper. The presented method follows the industrial vision system pipeline where images of cutting tools are used as input which are then transformed through suitable image processing methods to prepare them for the computation of a novel image based wear measure. For multiple cutting tool settings a comparative visualization of the wear measure outputs is presented. The effectiveness of the presented approach is shown by applying the method to measure the wear of four different cutting tool shapes.


The present invention relates to a telecommunication system for broadcasting multimedia content (MM) to a client device (60). The system includes an encoder 20 for encoding a data stream (EDS) to the encoded multimedia content. The encoded data stream is transmitted to the server 40 through the first network connection (30). The server 40 is able to generate metadata (MT) and, programming generate sheave file (PF) from the media data (MD) contained in the received encoded data stream (EDS), wherein the media data (MD) and metadata (MT) are interleaved. It said progressive file (PF) is the play of a multimedia content is received before the second is downloaded to the client device 60 over network connection 50, which using said interleaved meta and media data, the end of the download You can start. Multimedia content, progressive file, maeta data, the first network access, download, data medium


Fund management of British primary and secondary schools has transferred from dominated by outside power to self-determining.As the basic principle that local governments provide services,Best Value Principle also holds true to the fund management of primary and secondary schools.Under the principle,the governors of primary and secondary schools in the UK apply several strategies to strengthen the fund management.Some agencies outside schools offer extensive supports,and exercise the supervision to them too.


The invention provides an antibacterial glass fiber reinforced AS (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer) composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises the following components by weight percent: 55.4-88.4% of AS resin, 10-30% of glass fibers, 1-5% of compatilizer, 0.1-1% of coupling agent, 0.5-2% of antibacterial agent and 0.1-3% of auxiliaries, wherein the compatilizer is PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent. The composite material has the advantages and positive effects that with the AS resin as the matrix, the composite material has the advantages of excellent properties, low cost, simple preparation process, and the like; used as the compatilizer, PMMA is not only limited to reinforcing the binding forces between the glass fibers and the AS resin but is also suitable for reinforcing fiber and resin composite material systems with similar properties.


Abstract : Skin temperatures and radiant energy were measured on a subject wearing flight clothing, sitting in a tactical aircraft exposed to thermal energy characteristic of thermonuclear weapons. Radiant energy source was 960 lamps at power levels up to 4000 kilowatts. After exposures of increasing severity, subject tolerance was attained in a 3 cal/sq cm pulse of 3.7 seconds duration. This pulse charred paint on the fuselage and headrest and seared the subject's glove. Bare forehead skin temperature reached 126 deg F resulting in distinct pain. The data provide a basis for calculating the nearest safe distance of aircrew members to a nuclear explosion.


. Common elements are recognised across Denmark and the UK in regulation of the pharmaceutical industry, which are attributed to the impact of associational action at the sector level. Our examination of arrangements for regulating medicine prices and information displays many of the hallmarks of neo-corporatism – namely negotiation with state agencies, compliance seeking among members, and policy implementation through acting as a Private Interest Government. During a period of economic internationalisation and directive international agencies, we show how business interests have reformulated to transnational levels, with associations, despite facing a greater complexity of interests to represent, having a strong impact upon regulatory outcomes. These have been neither wholly deregulatory or reregulatory, but partly reflect events at national levels. This may predict regulatory developments at the European level in other sectors.


The Media Studies Reader. Laurie Ouellette, ed. New York: Routledge, 2013. 606 pp. $59.95 pbk. $220 hbk.A treasure trove for courses in cultural studies, film, gender issues, media, popular culture, and sociology, The Media Studies Reader includes historically established and avant-garde essays. Taken together-and coupled with audiovisual material-the essays will challenge and entertain undergraduates.Enhanced by the number of women and/or people of color who contributed their insights, the collection of more than forty readings includes seven sections, each of which features class, ethnicity, gender, geopolitics, race, and sexuality. Laurie Ouellette, the editor of the collection, introduces multiple critical perspectives and highlights them effectively.Although the publisher promotes The Media Studies Reader as a collection appro- priate for introductory media courses, it would be a welcome addition to lower- and upper-division classes in disciplines as far ranging as film studies, journalism, gender studies, history, literature, media studies, and sociology. The editor introduces each section with a short summary and ideas for class discussions about audience, citizen- ship, culture, identity, representation, technology, and other compelling topics, making The Media Studies Reader an interdisciplinary success.An associate professor of communication studies at the University of Minnesota- Twin Cities, Ouellette organized the collection into sections that include media and culture, media and technology, media and representation, media and industry, media and identity, media and audience, and media and citizenship. Well-known scholars include Theodor Adorno, John Berger, Susan J. Douglas, Stuart Hall, George Lipsitz, and Tania Modleski. Provocative titles include "Eyes Wide Shut: Capitalism, Class, and the Promise of Black Media," "What's Your Flava: Race and Postfeminism in Media Culture," "Oh, Behave! Austin Powers and the Drag Kings," and "Makeover Television, Governmentality and the Good Citizen." Advertising, black media, fan- dom, Japanese media, labor issues, popular culture, mobile phones, music and copy- right issues, and women's media are well represented.The introduction, "Mapping Media Studies," first introduces Marshall McLuhan as one of those who advocates for critical understanding of media. What follows is a romp through a variety of methodological and theoretical perspectives and what the editor acknowledges to be a "dizzying range of media objects" in industries as diverse as advertising, computers, digital games, film, the Internet, print, music, and television.One of the strengths of the collection is that it does not pretend to be all things to all people. Ouellette acknowledges that the collection is "not inclusive" (nor could it pos- sibly be) and that it is "not a progress narrative" where "each new-and-improved the- ory overcomes the limits of earlier approaches." Instead, The Media Reader establishes "distinct (but overlapping) 'stages' of media, broadly characterized as mass, niche and interactive." The interactive media stage, for example, includes studies about "500 channels, flexible viewing platforms and recording devices, online blogs, social net- working sites and reality TV shows soliciting the participation of ordinary people," writes Ouellette. Contributors analyze American media texts within the cultures and economies in which they took root. In an attempt at "slicing what has become a quite voluminous body of literature," Ouellette introduces two approaches that are organi- zational and thematic.As noted earlier, instead of isolating racial, ethnic, international, and gender differ- ence, Ouellette includes representative essays about these subjects in every section. …


This paper proposes and implements a tractable approach to detect group structure in panel data. The mechanism works by means of a panel structure model, which assumes that individuals form a number of homogeneous groups in a heterogeneous population. Within each group, the (linear) regression coe¢ cients are the same, while they may be di¤erent across di¤erent groups. The econometrician is not presumed to know the group structure. Instead, a multinomial logistic regression is used to infer which individuals belong to which groups. The model is estimated via maximum likelihood. We prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of a global MLE under the mild assumption that the time dimension is larger than the number of regressors in the linear regression. We propose a likelihood ratio test to test the null of one group against the alternative of multiple groups. Simulation studies show that the MLE performs quite well and the likelihood ratio test has good size and power properties in …nite samples. JEL Classi…cation: C13; C23; C51 Keywords: dynamic panel data model; group structure; logistic regression; nonregular test; parameter heterogeneity I am especially grateful to Donald Andrews, Peter Phillips, Chris Udry for their insightful comments. I would like to thank Michael Keane and Zhijie Xiao who have contributed to this paper with constructive suggestions. All errors are mine alone. Email: email@example.com. Address: Yixiao Sun, Department of Economics, #0508, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0508, USA. 1 Introduction Panel data techniques have become standard machinery for empirical analysts in many disciplines, including economics, accounting, …nance, and marketing. In part, this is because panel data allow us to construct and test more complicated models that can not be identi…ed using only cross section or time series data. In part also, panel data give more variability and more degrees of freedom, which leads to more precise estimation. Since panel data usually cover individuals coming from di¤erent backgrounds and living in di¤erent environments, it is of paramount importance to control unobserved heterogeneity in panel data modeling. One way to deal with the unobserved heterogeneity is to assume complete homogeneity in which regression parameters are the same across all individuals. Under this assumption, individual observations can be viewed as random draws from a common population. By pooling observations across all individuals, one can draw more precise inferences on population characteristics. However, a large body of applied work has tested and rejected parameter homogeneity. For example, Baltagi and Gri¢ n (1997) rejected the hypothesis that the gasoline demand elasticities across the OECD countries were equal. Haque, Pesaran and Sharma (2000) rejected the hypothesis that the savings behaviors across di¤erent countries were equal. The other way to deal with the unobserved heterogeneity is to assume complete heterogeneity in which regression parameters may be completely di¤erent for di¤erent individuals. Under this assumption, the number of parameters goes to in…nity as the number of individuals approaches in…nity. This leads to the incidental parameter problem in that maximum likelihood estimators of population-speci…c parameters may be inconsistent for a …xed time dimension (c.f. Neyman and Scott (1948), Lancaster (2000)). When the time dimension is small, it is also very di¢ cult to estimate individual-speci…c parameters accurately. For example, Baltagi and Gri¢ n (1997) found that completely heterogeneous models led to very imprecise parameter estimates, which in some cases had the wrong sign. In addition, the assumption of complete heterogeneity may render the underlying empirical analysis meaningless. In an empirical investigation of international growth and convergence, Lee, Pesaran and Smith (1997, 1998) allowed complete heterogeneity in not only the speed of convergence but also the steady state growth rate. However, as pointed out by Islam (1998), the extension to allow varying growth rates runs the risk of robbing the concept of convergence of any real economic meaning. Instead of assuming complete heterogeneity or homogeneity, we set up a new model of an intermediate form, in which individuals form a number of homogeneous groups in a heterogeneous population. Within each group, the regression coe¢ cients are the same, while they may be di¤erent across di¤erent groups. The new model does not assume that the group structure is known a priori. Instead, it employs a multinomial logistic regression to model the membership probabilities. The model thus consists of a set of linear response patterns relating the dependent variable to explanatory variables and a logistic regression that classi…es these response patterns. From an empirical Bayes perspective, the logistic regression provides prior probabilities that individuals belong to a particular group, whereas the linear response patterns provide information to update the priors in order to obtain posterior probabilities. Based on the posterior probabilities, an individual is assigned to the group of which it is most likely to be a member. The underlying structure can thus be recovered from the posterior probabilities.


Motivation and anxiety can be referred to as two significant affective factors which can influence the process of foreign language learning (Gardner & Lambert, 1959, 1972; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000: Gardner, 1985; Dörnyei, 1994, 1998; Noels, 2000, 200; Bailey, 1983; Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986; Young, 1990; Young, 1991) .Employing Noels et al."s (2000) Language Learning Orientations Scale – Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation Subscales (LLOS-IEA) and Horwitz et al."s (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), the study sought to determine whether Iranian EFL students in the Philippines are motivated to learn English, whether they experience language learning anxiety, and lastly, whether there is a correlation between their language learning anxiety and motivation. Findings showed that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that Iranian EFL learners in the Philippines are more extrinsically or intrinsically motivated to learn the English language. However, findings suggest that they experienced a moderate level of language learning anxiety. Finally, the computed Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that, in general, there is a significant and negative correlation between language learning motivation and anxiety among Iranian EFL learners in the Philippines.


This qualitative analysis of 154 life-histories with poor and working-class young adults uncovers both broad and deep concern with urban crime and violence. More powerful and unanticipated, however, the analysis reveals how profoundly race, ethnicity, and gender shape the kinds of violence experienced and feared and the kinds of remedies urban residents envision. Overall, the narratives portray urban communities traumatized by three kinds of violence, including street violence, state-initiated violence (e.g., police harassment), and domestic violence. White men speak most directly about street violence, Black and Latino men about police harassment, and women across racial and ethnic groups relate experiences of domestic violence. The article concludes with questions about this triplex of urban violence, asking why national policy, social science scholarship, and media coverage on crime fetishize street violence and yet remain typically silent on both state and domestic abuse.


We discuss the structure of Yukawa couplings in D-brane models in which the SM fermion spectrum appears at the intersections of D-branes wrapping a compact space. In simple toroidal realistic examples one can explicitly compute the Yukawa couplings as a function of the geometrical data summing over world-sheet instanton contributions. A particular simple model with a N = 1 SUSY spectrum and three quark-lepton generations is studied in some detail. Remarkably, one can reproduce the observed spectrum of quark masses and mixings for particular choices of the compact radii and brane locations. In order to reproduce the smallness of up- and down-quark masses branes should be located in simple geometric configurations leading to some accidental global symmetries. We also find that the brane configurations able to reproduce the observed data may be considered as a deformation (by brane translation) of a configuration with Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. The origin of CP-violation in this formalism is quite elegant. It appears as a consequence of the generic presence of U(1) Wilson line backgrounds in the compact dimensions. One can reproduce the observed results for the CP-violation Jarlskog invariant J as long as the compact radii are of order of the string scale.
DISCLAIMER: This paper is going to be substantially revised. Althought the physics and general concepts are still valid, the Yukawa couplings of the particular model presented in this paper have a simpler form than discussed here, as we recently pointed out in hep-th/0302105. A properly revised version will be eventually sent as the paper is appropriately corrected.


SOMETIMES A SHORT ANECDOTE can express more than many words if the anecdote is capable of capturing some key factors in a social structure. Mine is actually very simple. It so happens that I sometimes give talks relating to the topic of the present paper to business managers. On one of those occasions I met with another lecturer, a Briton, whose task it was to prepare British businessmen who were going to Japan. He told me that he had once


The object of this research is the works of Rasul Gamzatov, while the subject is his poetics and style of children's poems. Detailed analysis is conducted on the genre and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poems by R. Gamzatov. Attention is focused on the techniques and means of expressiveness of the literary image. Rasul Gamzatov's children's poetry has not previously become the object of comprehensive research. The author observes the lack of scientific research that touch upon this side of the poet's activity, namely substantive, formal, and artistic peculiarities of his poems for children. This topic requires in-depth scientific examination. The conclusion is made on the extensive representation of children's poetry in the works of Rasul Gamzatov, the key motifs of which are hard work, education, patriotism, love for the mother, plea for peace on earth, and propaganda of the traditional highland upbringing. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt of holistic study of the poetics, as well as genre, stylistic and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poetry. The author's special contribution to this research lies in shedding light on the little-studied aspect of R. Gamzatov's works, which arouses interest in further research of his literary heritage.


There is fenomenal gap that amount of Indosat's outlets have increase 41,76% in year 2007 until 2008, but Net Profit Margin have decrease 18,66 % in year 2008. Also there is research gap that competitive advantage have influence on  performance sales, other research result selling-in performance have influense on competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to test the influences of outlet quality services, differentiation, company reputation, outlet quality relationship, environment adaptability, on competitive advantage  to increase selling-in performance. The samples size of this research is 123 outlets of PT. Indosat. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) that be run with AMOS software , the results shows that the outlet quality services, differentiation, company reputation, outlet quality relationship, environment adaptability have influence on competitive advantage to increase selling-in performance.


The process of extracting total flavine in Polygonum cillinerve was studied in this paper by single factor test and orthogonal test.The optimal conditions of enzymatic dissolution showed that the quantity of enzyme 10U.g-1,temperature 45℃ for 3h,pH 4.0.Under the conditions,the yield was improved by 40% compared with the traditional extraction tech-nique.And the procedure was stable and available for industrial production.


The central problems of Development Economics are the explanation of the gross disparities in the global distribution, $\cal{D}$, of economic performance, $\cal{E}$, and the persistence, $\cal{P}$, of said distribution. Douglass North argued, epigrammatically, that institutions, $\cal{I}$, are the rules of the game, meaning that $\cal{I}$ determines or at least constrains $\cal{E}$. This promised to explain $\cal{D}$. 65,000 citations later, the central problems remain unsolved. North's institutions are informal, slowly changing cultural norms as well as roads, guilds, and formal legislation that may change overnight. This definition, mixing the static and the dynamic, is unsuited for use in a necessarily time dependent theory of developing economies. We offer here a suitably precise definition of $\cal{I}$, a dynamical theory of economic development, a new measure of the economy, an explanation of $\cal{P}$, a bivariate model that explains half of $\cal{D}$, and a critical reconsideration of North's epigram.


This book, based on the authors' Operations Management programmes at Cranfield School of Management and the London Graduate School of Business Studies, has been prepared in the belief that the case approach is probably the most efficient way of developing the skills and insights which will enable the student to take a broad view of a company's operating system and market environment so that a consistent set of operating policies can be designed. The book falls into two halves: the text and the cases. The text opens with two introductory chapters, in the first of which some attempt is made to link systems ideas to the production environment. As very little further mention is made of systems concepts it may be taken that the attempt, in general, has failed. It seems that the inclusion of "systems" in the title is more a reflection of the publisher's marketing considerations than an attempt to accurately describe the contents of the book. Subsequent chapters deal with managing different aspects of a company's operations: labour force, materials systems, quality and reliability, and the process, whether continuous systems, assembly lines or jobbing and batch production. In addition, there is a chapter on production planning and control. These chapters read as if they are expanded lecture notes, but are well-written and provide excellent summaries of issues that need to be taken into account in the design of operating systems. As such they would be useful reading for practitioners of OR in the production environment having obtained the book from a library. These chapters do not concentrate on the quantitative analysis of operating systems and so the book could not be used as the main text in an OR course on operations (or production) management, but it would provide supplementary reading to put analytical techniques into their proper context. Emphasis is placed, however, on some techniques which are not, perhaps generally taught in such courses. Not surprisingly, Materials Requirements Planning is included since Colin New is one of the leaders in this field. It is good, too, to see the exchange curve concept developed. The second half of the book is a collection of 18 major and 7 minor cases, nearly half of which have been written by Professor Constable and his colleagues at Cranfield. Some are published here for the first time, as far as the reviewer knows, whilst others have seen the light of day in many different places. One aim of the authors is that the cases contain sufficient data to enable the student to support proposed courses of action with quantitative analysis tempered with judgement and intuition. This aim is not achieved and few of the cases are suitable for an OR course with an emphasis on quantitative analysis. The cases, mainly U.K. and European, cover a wide variety of contexts from hospital outpatients to airline hostesses preparing crepe suzettes! A teacher's manual of 187 pp. is available, at a cost of £4, from the Case Clearing House at Cranfield. This presents very thorough analyses of the cases with suggestions for assignments and where the case should be fitted into a course. Although a chart is provided in the book which classifies the cases by the relevant chapters from the text no other connection is developed between the text and cases. Perhaps they should have been published separately.


Background Emotional intelligence (EI) has a positive impact on adolescents' personal as well as scholastic life. Thus, emotionally intelligent adolescents either visually impaired (VI) or sighted have higher levels of psychological adjustment and emotional well-being, and present a higher quality and greater quantity of interpersonal networks and social support. Aim This study aimed to assess EI among VI and sighted female adolescents. Subjects and methods and methods A purposive sample of 120 female adolescents (60 with VI and 60 sighted adolescents) was selected from El-Noor and El-Amal School for the Blind Female and El Saneya Prep/Secondary School. Two tools were used to measure the current study variables. A Structured Adolescents' General Profile Questionnaire and EI Scale was used. Results Findings revealed statistical significance differences between the studied VI and sighted female adolescents as regards the total EI and its subscales except for general mood Conclusion To conclude, EI during adolescence is essential in the modern society as life is becoming very complex and conflicting day by day for both VI and sighted adolescents as EI guides an individual's thoughts, actions, and in adjusting to stressful life events easily. There must be counselors to teach students the basics of EI and how they could develop positive self-concept and enhance their self-esteem.


The utility model discloses a children's bed that rail can overturn, including left side fence, right side fence, preceding rail, back rail and bed board, be provided with slide rail made of iron no. 1 and slide rail made of iron no. 2 on said left side fence and the right side fence inboard respectively, slide rail made of iron no. 1 is equallyd divide from top to bottom with two both ends of slide rail made of iron and do not is equipped with breach and time breach, open the inboard of left side fence and right side fence lower part has L shape spout no. 1 and L shape spout no. 2, handle no. 1 and handle no. 2 are installed respectively to preceding rail upper portion both sides face, and handle no. 1 and handle no. 2 be during slide rail made of iron no. 1 and slide rail made of iron no. 2 are gone into to the card respectively, and handle no. 3 and handle no. 4 are installed respectively to preceding rail lower part both sides face, and the other card of handle no. 3 and handle quartering is gone into in L shape spout no. 1 and the L shape spout no. 2. The utility model discloses a can translate into the bed board below down with preceding rail for can splice with adult's bed, it provides convenient to be favorable to father and mother to look after child, and be also safe more and reliable to baby's use, and reasonable in design, and the function is various, more can satisfy people's operation requirement.


Palladium-mediated hydrostannylation of alkynoyl compounds is combined with Stille-Scott cross-coupling (reductive-coupling) to give one-pot access to divinyl and aryl vinyl ketones, which undergo Nazarov cyclization to give cyclopentenones upon treatment with acid. This reaction sequence has been studied with a variety of different substitution patterns, including the use of oxazolidinone auxiliaries to achieve torquoselectivity in the Nazarov cyclization. Through a combination of good yields and moderate to good levels of stereochemical induction, this approach affords efficient, convergent, and asymmetric access to a variety of different cyclopentanoid systems.


The lymphocyte depletion classical Hodgkin lymphoma (LDCHL) is the less common subtype of cHL. In LDCHL, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells grow within a background depleted in reactive lymphocytes. LDCHL subtype accounts for only a small fraction of all HL cases in Western countries. It also occurs in people with HIV/AIDS. The HRS cells show the same immunophenotype as in the other subtypes of cHL.


THE honour of being invited to deliver the James Mackenzie Lecture falls to few. The occasion is properly regarded both within general practice and beyond as an important event in the academic calendar, and I am deeply conscious of the responsibilities as well as the opportunities it brings. Many of my predecessors have mentioned the pleasure they have had from re-reading past lectures during the preparation of their own manuscripts, and I can echo this. Several common denominators can be detected. In one way or another the lectures are all placed in the context of the contribution James Mackenzie made to the thinking about and practice of clinical medicine. They all touch on a theme or issue of importance to the discipline of contemporary general practice. And they all reflect the personal interests and philosophy of the lecturers as surely as if they were fingerprints of professional life and style. This is a tradition I will try to continue. James Mackenzie, I will invoke towards the end of my lecture. My contemporary theme can be no other than that of 'quality of care, because, of course, improving it is or should be the invariable target of all who are involved in the broad work of the caring professions. 'Quality of care' has never been


The US FDA-mandated CARES trial, published in 2018, reported increased all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) death in participants randomized to febuxostat compared with allopurinol. The subsequent FDA Drug Safety Communication and Boxed Warning resulted in substantial reductions in febuxostat use in the US. The EMA-mandated Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined Trial (FAST), published in 2020, found no increased risk of composite CV events, CV mortality or all-cause mortality for febuxostat, compared with allopurinol. This commentary discusses implications of these new findings for gout management.


To ask whether there should be a trial of home versus hospital delivery puts the cart before the horse, by proposing a method before deciding on the question that needs to be answered.

Comparisons between the settings are hampered by the lack of unique and universal definitions of home birth and hospital birth, the differences relating not only to the characteristics of the locations but to the roles of the midwives, general practitioners, and hospital doctors who are giving care. Even within the United Kingdom, care for home births can be given by NHS or independent midwives, with varying participation of general practitioners and hospital doctors and varying contact with hospital maternity units. Similarly, hospitals, which range …


In this paper, we introduce a new node positioning algorithm (NPA) for determining suitable locations of the computational nodes that are a typical feature of mesh reduction numerical methods for partial differential equations – specifically, the Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM). The novelty of the introduced NPA is a 'position refinement' procedure, which facilitates the relocation of nodes that are already being used in the current CVBEM model when such relocation reduces the maximum error of the associated CVBEM model. The results of the new NPA (referred to as NPA2) are compared to the results obtained using the recent NPA described in [1] (referred to as NPA1). We compare NPA1 and NPA2 by modeling two example Dirichlet boundary value problems that have been selected due to having regions of extreme curvature in the analytic flow regime that are difficult to model computationally. Consequently, these problems serve as good benchmark problems for testing the efficacy of the current and future NPAs. Our empirical findings suggest that the use of NPA2 can reduce the maximum error of the associated CVBEM model by several orders of magnitude compared to the corresponding result obtained using NPA1.


T his paper aims to investigate the onset of convection in a layer of fluid saturated Brinkman with rotating porous medium taking into account fluid inertia and local thermal non-equillibrium(LTNE) between the solid and fluid phases with Cattaneo effect in the solid. A two field is used for the energy equations each representing the solid and fluid phases separately. The usual Fourier heat-transfer law is retained in the fluid phase while the solid phase is allowed to transfer heat via Cattaneo heat flux theory.


The problem of plant layout has generally been treated as a static one. In this paper, we deal with the dynamic nature of this problem. Both optimal and heuristic procedures are developed for this problem and are based on a dynamic programming formulation. The use of one of these approaches depends on the ability to solve the static problem efficiently. Finally, we briefly discuss the issue of extending the planning horizon, and how to resolve system nervousness when previously planned layouts need to be changed.


Toxicity profile on serum electrolytes, hepatic and renal function indices on rats administered with mixture of ethanol/potash extract of sorghum bicolor leaf sheath were investigated. The ethanol/potash extract was dried and re-suspended in distilled water and the following quantities were administered orally to the albino rat per kg body weight: 1000, 2000 and 3000mg; while 0.9% normal saline was served to the control group. The blood was collected through cardiac puncture under chloroform anesthesia after 14 days. There after, the sera were analyzed for sodium (Na + ), potassium, (K + ),chloride (Cl - ) ion, urea, creatinine, total protein, total bilirubin and cholesterol levels. Serum sodium levels, (176-297  mmol/L) were significantly (p<0.05) increased following extract treatments, while potassium ion decreased (6.54-4.00mmol/L). The extract increased chloride ion concentration (95.8-99.0mmol/L). The serum value for creatinine (0.08-0.32mmol/L) and urea (3.16-38mmol/L) increased progressively; while cholesterol (0.96-0.19mmol/L) and total protein (54.13-17.27g/L) levels, decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the control values. No significant change was observed in the value obtained for bilirubin except at dose level of 3000mg/kg body weight. There was a progressive decrease in body weight after 14days administration of the extract. The result showed that the mixture of ethanol/potash extract of sorghum bicolor leaf sheath has been observed in rats under the conditions of this study to be toxic. Keyword: Sorghum bicolor, ethanol/potash, electrolytes, kidney, liver.


This research is a research that uses a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design which aims to increase the ability to master concepts and science process skills of students who study wave vibrations with a guided inquiry approach and students who study wave vibrations using the demonstration method. The population used in this study was all students of SMPN 4 Cibinong in the even semester of the 2016-2017 academic years. The researcher determined that the population in this study was class VIII even semester who was studying vibrations and waves. The criteria for the success of this research are an increase in the ability to master concepts and an increase in science process skills for students who study wave vibrations using a guided inquiry approach and students who study wave vibrations using the demonstration method. The results of the analysis show that the application of guided inquiry learning can improve students' mastery of concepts and science process skills on vibration and wave material, which is indicated by an increase in N-Gain. The increase in the N-Gain mastery of students' concepts for the experimental class is 58.53% and the control class is 36.29%, while the increase in science process skills for the control class students is 26.43% in the low category, while the increase in the science process skills of the experimental class students is 64.44% in the medium category. In addition, students and teachers gave positive responses to the application of guided inquiry learning


Pakistan faces high levels of corruption and popular dissatisfaction with democracy. With a weak state and weak democracy, how does this relationship between Pakistan's state and society influence when citizens choose to protest and when do they vote? In a weak state, citizens were more apt to protest then they are to go vote because voting was seen as ineffective. This weak state-society relationship leads to the origination of low capacity and low autonomy for the state, in which the state is incapable of providing for its citizens. This inability, then leads to a collapsed state.


A preferred embodiment of a system includes a lifting device for lifting a motor vehicle, a support structure for mounting the lifting device in a pit, and a carriage for supporting the lifting device from the support structure and being movable within the support structure. The system also includes a cover coupled to opposite sides of the carriage so that the cover extends away from the carriage and continuously between the opposite sides of the carriage.


s 233 Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists St. Catharines, Ontario — October 5–8, 2003 A METHOD OF PALYNOFACIES ANALYSIS USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMED RELATIVE ABUNDANCE DATA John H. Beck and Paul K. Strother (email@example.com) Palæobotanical Laboratory,Weston Observatory Department of Geology & Geophysics Boston College 381 Concord Road Weston, Massachusetts 02493, U.S.A. Lithofacies in the Silurian of the central Appalachians are quite mixed ranging from terrestrial soils, to braided fluvial, to paralic, to normal shallow marine and ending in various carbonate facies in uppermost Silurian sequences. Palynomorph recovery is good throughout the System, although it progressively degrades in the uppermost carbonate units. We present here a simple method of palynofacies analysis based on minimum variance cluster analysis of transformed palynomorph data. The octave class scale is a weighting function that converts percentage counts into a 10 relative abundance classes based on a modified log2 scale. It was created by Gauch (1982) as a method for analyzing community ecological data, and was found effective in PCA used in systematic palynological applications by Kovach & Batten (1994). The transformed data gave 6 clusters that we labeled as palynofacies based on taxonomic content and lithofacies associations: "Rose Hill" Marine, Nearshore, Transgressive, "MacKenzie" Marine, Tidal Flat and Nonmarine. The palynofacies were matched between a section near Allenport Pennsylvania and Bluegrass Virginia. These assemblages do not correspond to formations, but they are traceable over regional distances even though lithostratigraphic units vary considerably in thickness. This method has the advantage of incorporating both short-lived and long-ranging acritarch species with less abundant non-marine material. We are testing the robustness of the method, but it appears to be a first step away from one-dimensional"onshore vs. offshore" type of analysis that punctuates the literature of Palæozoic palynology. POLLEN EVIDENCE FOR PREHISTORIC HUNTER-GATHERER IMPACTS ON VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENT AT PORT AU CHOIX, NEWFOUNDLAND Trevor Bell1 (firstname.lastname@example.com), Joyce B. Macpherson1, and M.A. Priscilla Renouf2 1Department of Geography Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada 2Archaeology Unit Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada Pollen analytical work in the boreal forests of Canada has largely focussed upon the interpretation of natural changes. In boreal Europe, where human influence on natural vegetation is far more profound, many pollen analysts have examined its effects. However, there the emphasis has been upon the impact of Neolithic agriculture on the forest, rather than upon evidence of the relatively minor impact of earlier nomadic Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Two of the goals of the Port au Choix Archaeology and Landscape History Project are (i) to understand the prehistoric occupation of the region in the context of landscape and climate change, and (ii) to examine the potential impact of occupation on the landscape, with particular emphasis on vegetation and landscape stability. This presentation focuses on the second goal. Port au Choix, a coastal community on Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula, is one of the richest archaeological regions of eastern Canada. Rich marine resources offshore have attracted humans to Port au Choix from at least as early as 5500 years ago to the present day. Prehistoric inhabitants include Maritime Archaic Indians (5500-5400 and 4100-3100 BP), Groswater Palaeoeskimos (2800-1800 BP), Dorset Palaeoeskimos (22401190 BP), and Recent Indians (2120-1260 and 1080-750 BP). Significant archaeological sites include the Maritime Archaic Indian cemetery and habitation (Gould) site, the Groswater and 234 PALYNOLOGY, VOLUME 28 — 2004 Dorset Palaeoeskimo Phillip's Garden sites, and the Recent Indian Gould and Spence sites. Pollen analysis of sediment cores from two shallow ponds adjacent to the Phillip's Garden and Gould sites reveal different but distinct records of vegetation and soil disturbance in their respective drainage basins. Disturbance indicators include charcoal spikes, short-lived peaks in shrub and herb taxa, decline in tree taxa and Sphagnum, and coincident increases in the aquatic alga Pediastrum. The evidence for basin-wide vegetation change, together with increased sedimentation and fire, suggests considerable anthropogenic disturbance at several intervals throughout the cores. These intervals roughly correspond to periods of prehistoric occupation of Port au Choix.


Our paper will describe a recently designed Mk x Nk x 10 um pixel CMOS gated imager intended to be first employed at the LLNL National Ignition Facility (NIF). Fabrication involves stitching MxN 1024x1024x10 um pixel blocks together into a monolithic imager (where M = 1, 2, . .10 and N = 1, 2, . . 10). The imager has been designed for either NMOS or PMOS pixel fabrication using a base 0.18 um/3.3V CMOS process. Details behind the design are discussed with emphasis on a custom global reset feature which erases the imager of unwanted charge in ~1 us during the fusion ignition process followed by an exposure to obtain useful data. Performance data generated by prototype imagers designed similar to the Mk x Nk sensor is presented.


The invention relates to a flexible membrane modified PVC floor, including wear-resistant surface layer, dense layer, foam layer and dorsal closure layer. The connecting layer is filled in between the wear-resistant suface layer and dense layer. The dense layer consists of glass fiber and the foam layer at least containing two foam layer: the first foam layer and the second foam layer. The invention also associates an improving the elastic membrane PVC flooring production methods. Since the invention will organically combine, conpared to any single craftworks, the invention has better quality, wider adaptability; and greatly reduce costs. Furthermore, the combinative craftwork can reuse all the leftover materal and bad goods, which not only reduces the enterprise 's production costs but also decreases their waste production, and is benefit for the social environment.


A theoretical analysis of de-correlation effects in plane strain sensitive speckle-pattern interferometry is presented. Experimental results supporting the theoretical model are summarized and it is shown that in-plane translations and out-of-plane rotations typically of order 102 μm and 10-3 radians respectively may be tolerated before fringe visibility becomes unacceptable. The results also indicate how the interferometer may be optimized. Interferograms which show the strain fields resulting from machining are presented.


The paper presents data on the long-term observations of development of vegetation on post-mined sand quarry in the northern taiga subzone of West Siberia. It was found out that the covering the quarry with peat leads to a more intensive development of vegetation not once, but ten years later. Planting of trees was not an effective method of reclaiming. For biological reclamation of post-mined quarries in north, it is necessary to look for ways to increase fertility and water-holding capacity of sand soils in order to create the conditions for intensive development of vegetation.


Summary: The Article relates on a modern tendency in foreign trade transactions characterized by a predominance of trade in technical services normally referred to as engineering that implies a package of commercial services for preparation and maintenance of production process and sales of products, maintenance of construction works and running of industrial and infrastructural facilities in relation to the cases of emergency that may result in breaching of terms of the contracts where under one of the parties (debtor) would bear responsibility within the scope of its commitment shown by example of risk distribution in the course of implementation of NPP 'Busher' Project.


In view of the problem that traditional collaborative robots mostly work according to the prescribed path through teaching or offline programming cannot obtain the feedback information of the robot in real time, resulting in low intelligence. A multi-decision pressure compensation robot massage control system based on stereo vision imaging is proposed. It could reduce the execution time and positioning error of the robot when conducting human body positioning massage, and perform force compensation based on the massage pressure feedback in real time to improve the level of human-computer interaction. Firstly, hand-eye calibration is carried out through binocular vision sensor and collaborative robot, and the robot positioning control is realized by using high-precision real-time point cloud generated by structured light compensation. The massage pressure is fed back through the pressure sensor on the massage end which the massage force is trimmed to ensure the safety and comfort during the massage process. In the visual working range, the experimental data shows that the depth positioning error is within 0.277mm and the accuracy of the robot massage in the appropriate pressure range can reach 97.35%, which effectively solves the problems in robot massage and increases the standard of human-computer interaction and the immersive experience which is made innovations in the direction of stereo imaging technology and medical treatment.


This report documents diverse strategies adopted by community groups in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Nepal to negotiate women's rights in the context of culture, while grounding the strategies in the specific political – historic local and national contexts. It looks at secular strategies along with the more recent responses to fundamentalism, that use of cultural identity and religious/cultural resources. These admittedly political strategies that use cultural resources seek to contest not just sex discrimination, but also the orthodox, elite, male monopoly of cultural leadership. The report provides a rich account initiatives that promote culture as relational, transforming, plural and accommodating of women's rights, and in doing so, challenge dominant static and fundamentalist assertions of culture.


In this study, itaconic acid (IA) was grafted onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as an initiator at 45°C. The grafted PVA was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. IA-grafted PVA membranes were prepared with a casting method, and the permeation and separation characteristics of acetic acid/water mixtures were investigated with pervaporation (PV), evapomeation (EV) and temperature-difference evapomeation (TDEV) methods. The effects of the feed composition, operating temperature, and temperature of the membrane surroundings on the permeation rate and separation factor for the acetic acid/water mixtures were studied. The permeation rates in EV were lower than those in PV, whereas the separation factors were higher. With the TDEV method, the permeation rates decreased and the separation factors increased as the temperature of the membrane surroundings decreased. The prepared membranes were also tested in PV, EV, and TDEV to separate the various compositions of the acetic acid/water mixtures (20–90 wt % acetic acid) at 40°C. The highest separation factor, 686, was obtained in TDEV with a 90 wt % acetic acid concentration in the feed. The activation energies of permeation in PV and EV were calculated to be 8.5 and 10.2 kcal/mol, respectively, for a 20 wt % acetic acid solution. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2322–2333, 2004


About ten years ago, we were still able to justify the reservations of sociology with regard to digitisation as a healthy caution against the hype of the 'virtual world' and 'cyberspace'; today, the situation looks different: beyond the usual rhetoric of media revolutions, new forms of practice, organisation and order have emerged around digital technologies in more or less all fields, posing tangible challenges to sociological theory-building, methods development and empirical social research. Are our theories based on action, communication or practice suitable for describing the contribution of algorithms? Are our methods for dealing with language, images and printed text suitable for analysing the automatic modification of texts, images and videos by filter technologies? How do we deal with increasing competition in data analysis and evaluation? These are the questions that this special volume of the journal 'Soziale Welt' (ISSN 0038-6073) explores.

With contributions by
Dirk Baecker, Sascha Dickel, Tobias Wolbring, Barbara Sutter, Sabine Maasen, Elke Wagner, Niklas Barth, Katharina Kinder-Kurlanda, Roger Häußling, Udo Thiedeke, Josef Wehner, Nicole Zillien, Bernadette Kneidinger-Müller, Heike Greschke, Jagoda Motowidlo, René König, Patrik Sumpf, Christian Stegbauer, Alexander Mehler, Oliver Nachtwey, Philipp Staab, Andreas Boes, Tobias Kämpf, Alexander Zielger, Sabine Pfeiffer, Anne Suphan, Uli Meyer, Uwe Matzat, Erik van Ingen, Christian Papsdorf, Tanja Carstensen, Jeffrey Wimmer, John Postill, Victor Lasa, Ge Zhang, Evelyn Ruppert


This study aims to investigate the amount of brands and the origin of Ultrapasteurized milk (UHT) and pasteurized in plastic bags, sold in the retail sector of small and large supermarket chains in Natal/RN. For this, it was performed a selection and classification in large premises (supermarkets) and small (bakeries, convenience stores and neighborhood markets) located in North and South of the city. After this step, the local markets were visited to carry out the data collection on the milk description, detailing the brands and the manufacturing sites. After collecting data, the results were evaluated by means of frequency analysis and descriptive statistics. In the study it was observed that regardless the establishments surveyed location (south or north), Pasteurized milk type were mostly found in small establishments. Regarding the origin, it was found that all the UHT milk were from other states, both in large as in small establishments. Pasteurized milk are all local products, they are all from the state of RN. In addition, all brands sold in large networks are also sold in small networks, however, the reverse does not occur. The milk market in thestate of RN is still not competitive when it comes to UHT milk type. Most milk brands are found in large establishments. Regional products are found only in small establishments.


The experiment was conducted at Horticultural Experiment and Training Centre. Saharanpur from 1978–1980 with a view to find out the NPK content of leaves as affected by its age and position on the shoot in loquat cv. Large Round. There was no interaction effect on the NPK content of leaves due to their age and position on the shoot. However, the overall effect of both these factors was found to be significant. To assess the NPK status of a loquat plant, three month old leaves should be sampled from middle position of the shoot.


: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of local revenue, general allocation fund, special allocation fund, profit sharing fund, and the remaining budget financing on the capital expenditure of regencies and cities in Central Java Province in 2016– 2020. The population in this study was 35 regency/city governments in Central Java Province in 2016-2020. The samples collected in 175 samples from 35 regencies/cities in Central Java were multiplied by 5 years of research observation. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS 26 program. The results of the study prove empirically that local original income and general allocation funds have a significant effect on capital expenditures, while special allocation funds, profit sharing funds, and the remaining more budgetary funds do not affect capital expenditures.


This report presents the findings of an investigation of the ability of travel estimation procedures to provide information which can respond quickly to urban policy issues. Perhaps the most significant material in the report are descriptions and evaluations of 34 models and procedures which should prove useful to transportation planners in selecting available techniques appropriate for quick response to policy issues. This project identified urban transportation planning issues requiring a quick response on the part of responsibile agencies. Questionnaires, on-site visits, as well as a review of pertinent reports, were used to determine current needs. In addition, the project reviewed and evaluated current and emerging techniques as to their ability to respond rapidly to the issues identified. It was found that an effective and responsive transportation planning process must be capable of rapidly providing estimates of the values of criteria used in the evaluation of multi-modal facility and service alternatives. These evaluation criteria include service, impacts and costs at less than the regional scale. It was found that emphasis has shifted away from long-range regional capital facility planning to providing short-range highway and transit improvements at sub-regional scales. Land use is a major issue and no longer can be treated as a fixed input to the transportation planning process. No one existing travel estimating technique was found to be completely adequate in responding to all of the many questions being asked. A quick, efficient four-step transportation planning computer process to provide for improved response to some of the current issues was recommended. Additionally, a policy oriented non-network specific procedure is needed to evaluate system changes and policy changes from a nominal condition. Development of manual methods are recommended to support project level and service changes in meeting quick response needs. The need for new disaggregate techniques which can deal with the non-work travel market was also emphasized.