When, following other social sciences, economists address the mechanism of trust, they typically focus on the search of a justification or a foundation for trusting, the implicit starting point of the process they have in mind being zero trust, or distrust. By contrast, the present paper, inspired by the philosophy of Popper, suggests, as a starting point for trust, an individual decision associated with what Popper calls a conjecture - that is, a kind of theory - on how the individual (potentially) trusted "functions". The conjecture requires no justification but only the test of its implications. In turn, the decision to trust or to distrust does not reflect in a mechanical or passive way the extent to which the conjecture is corroborated, a fortiori any kind of degree of belief or of probability. In the spirit of Popperian asymmetry, the paper explains decreasing trust essentially in epistemological terms but increasing trust both in epistemological terms and by the building-up of knowledge capital specific to the relation.


We discuss the synergy of the cosmic shear and CMB lensing experiments to simultaneously constrain the neutrino mass and dark energy properties. Taking fully account of the CMB lensing, cosmic shear, CMB anisotropies, and their cross correlation signals, we clarify a role of each signal, and investigate the extent to which the upcoming observations by a high-angular resolution experiment of CMB and deep galaxy imaging survey can tightly constrain the neutrino mass and dark energy equation-of-state parameters. Including the primary CMB information as a prior cosmological information, the Fisher analysis reveals that the time varying equation-of-state parameters, given by w(a) = w0+wa(1−a), can be tightly constrained with the accuracies of 5% for w0 and 15% for wa, which are comparable to or even better than those of the stage-III type surveys neglecting the effect of massive neutrinos. In other words, including the neutrino mass in the parameter estimation would not drastically alter the figure-of-Merit estimates of dark energy parameters from the weak lensing measurements. For the neutrino mass, a clear signal for total neutrino mass with ∼ 0.1 eV can be detected with ∼ 2-σ significance. The robustness and sensitivity of these results are checked in detail by allowing the setup of cosmic shear experiment to vary as a function of observation time or exposure time, showing that the improvement of the constraints very weakly depends on the survey parameters, and the results mentioned above are nearly optimal for the dark energy parameters and the neutrino mass.


Detecting negative obstacles (ditches, holes, wadis, and other depressions) is one of the most difficult problems in perception for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) off-road autonomous navigation. One reason for this is that the width of the visible portion of a negative obstacle may only span a few pixels at the stopping distance for vehicle speeds UGV programs aspire to operate at (up to 50kph). The problem can be further compounded when negative obstacles are obscured by vegetation or when negative obstacles are embedded in undulating terrain. Because of the variety of appearances of negative obstacles, a multi-cue detection approach is desired. In previous nighttime negative obstacle detection work, we have described combining geometry based cues from stereo range data and a thermal signature based cue from thermal infrared imagery. Thermal signature is a powerful cue during the night since the interiors of negative obstacles generally remain warmer than surrounding terrain throughout the night. In this paper, we further couple the thermal signature based cue and geometry based cues from stereo range data for nighttime negative obstacle detection. Edge detection is used to generate closed contour candidate negative obstacle regions that are geometrically filtered to determine if they lie within the ground plane. Cues for negative obstacles from thermal signature, geometry-based analysis of range images, and geometry-based analysis of terrain maps are fused. The focus of this work is to increase the range at which UGVs can reliably detect negative obstacles on cross-country terrain, thereby increasing the speed at which UGVs can safely operate.


Xia Yan is a modern playwright. He had been sticking to the view of realistic drama since the he started being engaged in drama creation whose main characteristics are artistic reliability, faithful description of the seriousness of life. On the basis of adhering to the orientation of nationalization and popularization, he emphasized continual creation, requiring artistic workers to read more, communicate more with the public, enlarge their scope of knowledge and lay more emphases on skills.


Abstract The mountains and valleys south of Rannoch Moor were of key importance in governing both the style and direction of ice flow during the Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS), and yet have, until now, received limited attention from glacial researchers. New evidence, based on recent geological mapping of the area, shows that a landform‐sediment assemblage exists that, at least in part, pre‐dates the Loch Lomond Stadial. This last glacial episode was therefore characterised by very limited glacial erosion in this area, and in fact favoured landscape preservation. Geological and geomorphological data suggest that the former LLS ice cap flowed largely by meltwater‐lubrkated sliding on rigid beds, with deformation of unconsolidated basal substrate occurring only where pre‐existing sediments were overridden.


Oxygen atoms play a very important role in atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes for silicon oxide films using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and ozone. Efficient generation of active oxygen species including these oxygen atoms is realized by use of a square-pulsed silent discharge with very sharp rising and falling of applied voltage. In this study, nonequilibrium plasma chemical reactions by this discharge have been applied to a remote plasma CVD of silicon oxide films using TEOS and oxygen. And deposition characteristics of silicon oxide films by this method have been measured experimentally, and these have been compared with CVD characteristics using low frequency AC silent discharge. Futhermore, these have been compared with deposition characteristics of silicon oxide films using TEOS and ozone. As a result, it has been clarified that silicon oxide films with high quality of step coverage and high deposition rate of these films can be obtained by the remote plasma CVD using pulsed silent discharge.


The paper deals with the creative aspects of visual (pictorial) pun and its subcategories. The aim of the research is to study the lingvo-semantic structure of visual (pictorial) pun and its subcategories. It explores the benefits of the cognitive approach to the stylistic aspects of language in use and focuses on perception and comprehension of the textual and the visual. A visual representation of the image serves to create a new mode of narrative, which is both visual and textual. Comprehension and interpretation rely on the ties between the visual and the verbal, as well as the knowledge of the sociocultural background and the symbolic implications.


This article examines confessional statements concerning the doctrine of Scripture issued by evangelical bodies in Britain and the USA. It demonstrates that the central American confession of the inerrancy of Scripture is almost wholly absent from British confessions. Rejecting the idea that this merely represents a weaker doctrine of Scripture amongst British Evangelicals, it suggests that there are broadly different models of Scriptural authority at work either side of the Atlantic, and traces these differences to the differing influence of the Romantic movement in the early Nineteenth century. Finally, it essays a doctrine of Scripture, that takes seriously the concerns of both British and American evangelicals. THE NEW INTErNATIoNAL DICTIoNAry oF NEW TEsTAMENT THEoLoGy


Abstract Augmented Reality seems a promising tool to provide engaging and effective educational experiences, thanks to its potentiality in stimulating intrinsic motivation, that could influence the learning process and the attitude of the users towards behaviours. This paper presents the Resized Plastic Augmented Reality learning experience, designed on the basis of Dunleavy's framework to provide a systemic overview of the microplastics issue to allow users to understand its mechanisms, educate them about their role in the system and help them to connect this information to their everyday actions.


H.264/AVC is a Video Compression Standard and one of the main objectives is to improve compression ratio for real time Multimedia application. Compared with other standards such as MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Visual, H.264 can deliver better image quality at the same compressed bit rate or at a lower bit rate. And it is necessary to ensure a better tradeoff between computation complexity and picture quality for resource constrained embedded platforms. Motion Estimation is the most time consuming process whose performance is been evaluated using metrics such as Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD), Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) and Mean Absolute Difference (MAD). The Simulation of Motion Estimation is done using MATLAB for different metrics and compression ratio is been analyzed.


YinBo YE Shenyang Agricultural University JiangHua YANG Shenyang Agricultural University DongLiang LI Beijing Animal Disease Prevention & Control Center LiHua HAO Division of the Standards, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control Zhao ZHANG Shenyang Agricultural University SiYao MEI Shenyang Agricultural University Huan ZHANG Shenyang Agricultural University FangYuan DU Shenyang Agricultural University BaoShan LIU Shenyang Agricultural University ZeLiang CHEN (  email@example.com ) Shenyang Agricultural University


The Internet has played a key role in changing how we interact with other people and how we do business today. As a result of the Internet, electronic commerce has emerged, allowing businesses to more effectively interact with their customers and other corporations inside and outside their industries [1]. Internet can be seen as a truly global phenomenon that has made time and distance irrelevant to many transactions. One industry that is using this new communication channel to reach its customers is the banking industry. The transformation from traditional banking to e-banking has been a "Leap" change. The electronic banking system addresses several emerging trends: customers' demand for anytime, anywhere service, product time-to-market imperatives and increasingly complex back-office integration challenges. But on the other hand the increase in the use of ICT facilities result in increase of criminal activities like spamming, credit card frauds, ATM frauds, Phishing, identity theft, denial of service and most of others has lend credence to the view that ICT is contributing crime in banking sector. The challenges that oppose electronic banking are the concerns of security and privacy of information. This paper aims at investigating various risks and whether these risks can be totally eradicated or not. Based on the findings this study, the paper concludes that with the help of various tools total eradication of risks is not possible but can be highly reduced if internal control measure techniques are adequately put in place.


Technological innovations in every field in recent years directly affect businesses and sectors. Artificial intelligence is one of the technologies that has attracted the most attention recently among these innovations. In this respect, it is a research topic that needs to be examined from a broad perspective and concerns many disciplines. Artificial intelligence has started a very fast and radical transformation process in the electronic commerce sector, as in many other sectors. It is seen that businesses in the e-commerce sector greatly benefit from artificial intelligence technologies to increase efficiency and productivity. Since artificial intelligence provides e-commerce companies with a high cost, efficiency and speed advantage, it is extremely important for e-commerce companies that want to be successful in the global competitive market to integrate artificial intelligence technologies into their processes. This article analyzes research trends for the use of artificial intelligence technology in e-commerce. The aim is to determine how this technology affects the e-commerce industry. Within the scope of the research, a systematic review, descriptive network analysis and bibliometric analysis methods were used within the scope of co-authorship, co-citation and keyword analysis. The result of the research reveals that the use of artificial intelligence technologies in e-commerce is an increasing trend in academic studies. The article is important in terms of the differentiation of theoretical and applied research in this field, keeping the topic up-to-date and guiding researchers who will work in this field.


The sulfonylurea(SU) resistance biotypes Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack,Sagittaria sagittrifolia L.,Scirpus planiculmis Fr.Schmidt and quinclorac resistance biotypes Echinochloa crusgallli L.were found in some paddy fields in Yanbian region.The resistant coefficient(R50/S50)of resistance biotype Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack.to bensulfuron was 10.3,but to pyruzasulfuron was 6.5.The resistant coefficient of resistance biotype Sagittaria sagittrifolia L.to bensulfuron was 16.04,but to pyruzasulfuron was 11.21.Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack.and Sagittaria sagittrifolia L.had crossed resistance to bensulfuron and pyruzasulfuron.The treatment of bensulfuron and quinclorac on stems and leaves using the double doses could indentify the resistant and suspective biotypes of the weeds above convieniently,fast and effectively.


The malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) industry is often challenged by the availability of sufficient volume and quality to meet demand. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of agronomic practices on grain uniformity, protein concentration, yield, and yield components. Field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2008 at eight rain-fed locations in western Canada. The effects of two seeding rates (200 and 400 seeds m -2 ) and five N (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha -1 ) rates on two two-row barley cultivars ('AC Metcalfe' and 'CDC Copeland') were determined. Each experiment was conducted for 3 yr at each location (24 environments). CDC Copeland displayed some advantages over AC Metcalfe including higher grain yield, lower protein and more uniform kernels. For both cultivars, kernel weight, and plumpness were lower at the higher seeding rate; protein was also lower, maturity was earlier and kernels were more uniform. With increasing N rate, barley yield, kernel weight, and tillers plant -1 increased, but days to seed maturity and protein concentration also increased, and kernel plumpness and seed uniformity decreased. The increase in protein was less pronounced with CDC Copeland suggesting that there may be less risk with this cultivar of unacceptable protein levels at relatively high N rates. At many environments barley plant stand decreased while lodging increased with increasing N rates. To improve the likelihood that barley will be acceptable for malting growers should select low-protein varieties, seed at relatively high rates and limit N application.


The main purposes of this study are to characterize the physical and chemical properties of Ossiomo surface water, determine the water quality by identifying the significant source allotment of pollution and evaluate the co-relationship of the parameters across the studied stations. The sampling period spanned from March 2015 to August 2016. Various statistical tools were employed in the analysis of the data collected. The outcome for the evaluation of the concentrations of all the physical and chemical properties of the surface water, showed variations statistically (P<0.05 and P>0.05). Some of the physical and chemical properties were observed to be above the slated national and international standards. The result of the Principal Component Analysis of data, generated 50 variables under 6 components (PC1PC6) with Eigenvalues >1. The source allotment was established to be traced from organic and inorganic pollutants as the major precursors of the ecosystem deterioration. The results of the measurement of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Barlett's tests of sphericity were 0.83 and 3832.25 respectively, which showed that association existed between each scrutinised variables as well confirmed the correctness of the water data for the PCA extracted. The physical and chemical characteristics at stations 1 and 4 were similar. The findings from this study showed that the designated stations (2-4) in Ossiomo River were perturbed and considered unfit for domestic purposes as at the time of this study. Envirometric models like canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and ANS (artificial neural network), can be used to predict the likely eco-biological impacts on the ecosystem.


Although the Sor Juana archetype seems to be a constant in recent works by Mexican women writers, this essay examines the works of Ana Clavel and Cristina Rivera Garza, for their engaging discussion on gender matters. In their writings, Sor Juana behaves like a man or becomes one, explores the world of masculinity, and places women and men on the same continuum, regardless of sex, sexual orientation and behavior. Under their fictional scope, Sor Juana stops being a rara avis and "presents" herself with the worries of any and every woman and man, disconnected for an instant from her intellectual quests. By virtue of these intertextual dialogues, we can successfully revive Sor Juana today, even if every study of her life and works is, to a certain degree, a creation of our own, inevitably influenced by the world we live in, the books we read and the theories that shape our imagination.


Voter expectations concerning the outcome of an election on the performance of a party or candidate have come to play an increasingly important role in the study of voting behavior. Whenever there are more than two candidates or parties, the voter may base his decision not only on his own preference but on expectations of what other voters will do. In studying voting behavior in U.S. presidential primaries, researchers have introduced the terms "viability" and "electability," which are both related to how well the candidates will be able to appeal to other voters (Abramowitz 1987, 1989; Bartels 1988; Brady and Johnston 1987). If an individual perceives that his preferred candidate or party is not viable or electable, he may choose to support one that he thinks will do better (see Broughton 1995; Teer and Spence 1973). All forms of strategic or tactical voting involve calculations of this kind (see Catt 1996). If expectations are central to vote decisions, it becomes as important to investigate the source of these expectations as to study the vote decision itself. The same types of consideration, in particular questions of the reasonableness or rationality of the vote decision, apply. For example, some researchers have argued that expectations are acquired cognitively (e.g., based on polls), while others claim that they are affective (i.e., wishful thinking). Researchers have really only begun to investigate the importance of expectations in the vote decision, and the literature on the sources of expectations is thus still rather limited. The main concern has been whether voters derive their expectations from public opinion polls or from other sources. The strongest empirical evidence that identifies polls as the source of expectations is the


Labour, capital, natural resources and entrepreneurship are the primary factors that contribute to and influence economic growth in a country. These components are all used to produce a country's Gross Domestic Product, or total output of goods and services. Without all four components, a country would have no business and industry to meet the wants and needs of its people; and by augmentation, minimal economic activity and growth. Malaysian Institute of Economic Research has highlighted skilled labour shortage as one of the main factors behind Malaysia's slower economic growth forecast for 2011-2012 on account of ongoing structural weaknesses in Malaysia. Weaknesses in skilled labour market hinder economic growth and impede flow of Foreign Direct Investment to Malaysia; hence, it is crucial to transform Malaysia's labour profile from one of non-skilled and semi-skilled to a highly skilled and professional work force. This paper discusses the Malaysian Skilled Labour Market Digressions, highlights the factors that cause skilled labour market volatilities, and offers possible solutions to bridge the theory and practice gap in the manufacturing sector. Key Words: Manufacturing Sector, Skilled Labour, Economic Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment,


We report electroreflectance spectra for a series of GaAs{sub 1{minus}x} N{sub x} samples with x{lt}0.03 . For all samples, the fundamental band gap transition (E{sub 0}) and the transition from the spin-orbit split-off valence band (E{sub 0}+{Delta}{sub 0}) are observed. For samples with x{ge}0.008 , an additional transition (E{sub +}) is observed. With increasing nitrogen content, the increase in E{sub +} is linear in, and nearly equal to, the band gap reduction indicative of a nitrogen-induced level repulsion. The directly observed E{sub +} transition may arise from either a nitrogen-related resonant level or a disorder-activated indirect transition. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Irrespective of geography, forest destruction and fragmentation lead to lower avian species richness. The underlying mechanisms causing local extirpations have been studied most thoroughly in northern temperate landscapes, where higher levels of brood parasitism, nest predation, and possibly decreased food availability are responsible for the loss of some species. Tropical landscapes are being similarly altered, but studies of responses by tropical birds remain relatively scarce. Predicting how tropical birds respond to habitat loss and fragmentation should not be extended directly from the results of temperate investigations. Tropical birds possess different evolutionary and life histories, which make them vulnerable to a different suite of threats than those normally considered for birds from temperate regions. These same traits, including greater physiological and sensory specialization, reduced dispersal capabilities, and much lower local and regional population densities, indicate that strategies for...


Metro-bikeshare integration is considered a green and efficient travel model. To better understand bikeshare as a feeder mode to the metro, this study explored the factors that influence the activity spaces of bikeshare around metro stations. First, metro-bikeshare transfer trips were recognized by matching bikeshare smartcard data and metro smartcard data. Then, standard deviation ellipse (SDE) was used for the calculation of the metro-bikeshare activity spaces. Moreover, an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and a spatial error model (SEM) were established to reveal the effects of social-demographic, travel-related, and built environment factors on the activity spaces of bikeshare around metro stations, and the SEM outperformed OLS significantly in terms of model fit. Results show that the average metro-bikeshare activity space on weekdays is larger than that on weekends. The proportion of local residents promotes the increase in activity space on weekends, while a high density of road and metro impedes the activity space on weekdays. Additionally, with increased job density, the activity space becomes smaller significantly throughout the week. Also, both on weekdays and weekends, the closer to the central business district (CBD), the smaller the activity space. This study can offer meaningful guidance to policymakers and city planners aiming to make the bikeshare distribution more reasonable.


AbstractPlasticised poly(vinyl chloride)–epoxidised natural rubber (PVC–ENR) thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender Plasticorder at 150°C and a rotor speed of 50 rev min-1. Curative concen tration was progressively increased from 0 to 1 phr in order to study the effect of dynamic curing on the plasticised blend. The mechanical properties investigated include tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100%; elongation, tear strength, hardness, and compression set. The effect of thermo- oxidative aging on the mechanical properties was investigated by exposing the PVC–ENR TPEs in an air oven at 80°C for 168 h. It was found that all physical and mechanical properties increased continuously with increasing sulphur concentration. A steady reduction in swelling index with increasing concentration of curatives is excellent evidence for a significant increase in crosslink density. The thermo-oxidative aging process resulted in a significant enhancement in mechanical prop...


In this age of the Internet of Things and ubiquitous computing, autonomic management has become a critical component in cloud platforms. Autonomic management helps systems adapt seamlessly and efficiently to rapidly fluctuating workloads. However, economic Denial of Sustainability (eDoS) attacks can directly target the autonomic management to waste resources. In this paper, we propose an eDoS mitigation framework that incorporates online anomaly detection with our Elascale autonomic management system to thwart eDoS attacks in real-time. This allows the detection system to be application-agnostic as this framework utilizes only resource statistics of the monitoring applications. We present the design and implementation of our anomaly detection framework with Elascale. We evaluate Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) and Tukey with Relative Entropy against spatial and temporal anomalies. Our results prove that the HTM-based anomaly detection method outperforms with significant accuracy.


In a previous report, we have revealed that the bio-electric potential signal of Grifora Frondosa was significantly affected by blue light stimuli under constant temperature and humidity. In this study, we have investigated intensity dependence and effects of fluctuations of blue and red light stimuli on the morphogenetic properties of Grifora Frondosa in a growth chamber . We obtained the following results : (1) The blue light stimuli significantly accelerated mushroom growth. (2) Growth was further accelerated when 1/f fluctuating blue light was used.


The thermal wave model of bioheat transfer supplemented by boundary and ini- tial conditions is considered. To solve the problem , the boundary element method (BEM) is proposed. In the final part of the paper examples of numerical computations concerning the determination of the temperature field in a hea ting tissue are shown.


I have analyzed reduced neutron widths ({Gamma}{sub n}{sup 0}) for the subset of 1245 resonances in the nuclear data ensemble (NDE) for which they have been reported. Random matrix theory (RMT) predicts for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble that these widths should follow a {chi}{sup 2} distribution having one degree of freedom ({nu} = 1) - the Porter Thomas distribution (PTD). Careful analysis of the {Gamma}{sub n}{sup 0} values in the NDE rejects the validity of the PTD with a statistical significance of at least 99.97% ({nu} = 0.801 {+-} 0.052). This striking disagreement with the RMT prediction is most likely due to the inclusion of significant p-wave contamination to the supposedly pure s-wave NDE. When an energy-dependent threshold is used to remove the p-wave contamination, the PTD is still rejected with a statistical significance of at least 98.17% ({nu} = 1.217 {+-} 0.092). Furthermore, examination of the primary references for the NDE reveals that many resonances in most of the individual data sets were selected using methods derived from RMT. Therefore, using the full NDE data set to test RMT predictions seems highly questionable. These results cast very serious doubt on claims that the NDE represents a striking confirmation ofmore » RMT.« less


The present investigation was carried out to standardize efficient and reliable regeneration protocol in scutellum-derived rice calli from 22 rice varieties developed by Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli. All the varieties with all the media combinations and their interactions significantly affected the regeneration potential of the calli. The variety Ratnagiri-711 showed earliest shoot induction (11.67 days) among the all on medium MS +3.0 mg/l BAP +1.0 mg/l IAA showing highest shoot induction frequency (87.50%) and maximum number of shoots per callus (7.67). It rooted also earlier in 3.67 days after transferring the shoots to rooting medium 1/2 MS +0.5 mg/l IBA +0.1 mg/l BAP and shown highest root induction frequency (73.33%) with maximum roots per shoot (11.33). For hardening, potting mixture of soil, organic manure and cocopit in 1:1:1 proportion showed highest survival of In Vitro grown plantlets (73.33%). No morphogenesis was observed on only MS medium without growth regulators.


Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methodologies face increasingly extreme challenges when handling gas streams characterized by high levels of contamination, as is the case with the giant Kashagan oilfield development offshore Kazakhstan.


Sleep oscillates between two different states: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is a substate of NREM sleep, and its identification is based primarily on the presence of slow waves, i.e., low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillations in the EEG. Quantification of SWS is accomplished by visual inspection of EEG records or computerized methods such as spectral analysis based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Slow-wave activity (SWA; also referred to as delta power) is a quantitative measure of the contribution of both the amplitude and prevalence of slow waves in the EEG. The EEG oscillations reflect the field potentials associated with synchronized burst-pause firing patterns in cortical neurons (1). In view of these brain-based defining characteristics of SWS, it is not surprising that most theories on the functional significance of SWS have focused on the brain. In a recent issue of PNAS, Tasali et al. (2) draw attention to another aspect of SWS: the effects of SWS disruption on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. What do these new data tells us about SWS and its functional significance? Is it for the body as well as the brain?


This article reports on results of a nationwide survey of alumni in professional and technical communication. It presents a series of snapshots from the results, including the types of texts written and valued, where those types are written, with and for whom, and with what technologies. A range of implications are explored.


Inverse scattering aims to infer information about a hidden object by using the received scattered waves and training data collected from forward mathematical models. Recent advances in computing have led to increasing attention towards functional inverse inference, which can reveal more detailed properties of a hidden object. However, rigorous studies on functional inverse, including the reconstruction of the functional input and quantification of uncertainty, remain scarce. Motivated by an inverse scattering problem where the objective is to infer the functional input representing the refractive index of a bounded scatterer, a new Bayesian framework is proposed. It contains a surrogate model that takes into account the functional inputs directly through kernel functions, and a Bayesian procedure that infers functional inputs through the posterior distribution. Furthermore, the proposed Bayesian framework is extended to reconstruct functional inverse by integrating multi-fidelity simulations, including a high-fidelity simulator solved by finite element methods and a low-fidelity simulator called the Born approximation. When compared with existing alternatives developed by finite basis expansion, the proposed method provides more accurate functional recoveries with smaller prediction variations.


A 33-year-old male presented with a rare intracranial oculomotor schwannoma not associated with neurofibromatosis manifesting as an 8-month history of right oculomotor nerve paresis. Neuroimaging examinations revealed a 4-cm mass in the right crural cistern. The tumor was totally removed. The right oculomotor nerve paresis resolved 7 months after surgery. Removal of the oculomotor or trochlear schwannoma usually results in parent nerve paresis, but subcapsular tumor resection in our case probably allowed complete recovery of the nerve function.


ABSTRACT Brazil is the only country in South America to have an automotive supplier sector based on natural fibers. New opportunities are arising due to an increase demand by the car makers in applying natural fibers in their parts. Several crop fibers have been developed in Brazil. Among them can be listed caroá, piaçava, pupunha, mutum and others of regional application. For the automotive industry, which requires large quantities with uniform quality, the alternatives are sisal (170,000 ton/yr), curauá (150 ton/yr in 2003), malva, 200 ton/yr; Brazil is the single largest producer country of sisal, and commercially, the only one in curauá. For South America, the alternatives are fique in Colombia, abaca in equator, flax in Argentina and curaua in Venezuela. It must be understood by the target countries of drugs, is that crop fiber can be an economic alternative to coca in the Andes region, therefore an instrument of land reform and drug reduction plantations. Several companies have a strong program of apply natural fibers based components in their products: Volkswagen do Brazil, DaimlerChrysler, General Motors do Brazil. Among their suppliers can be listed companies such Pematec (curaua), Toro (sisal, coir and jute), Incomer (sisal and jute), Ober (jute, curauá), Indaru (jute and sisal), Antolin (imported kenaf,) Tapetes São Carlos (sisal), Poematec (coir) and Art-Gore, with "Woodstock" wood and natural fibers). Figures about production and demand are discussed in the paper.


the patient was able to take fluids and meat jellies freely by the mouth, and expressed himself as feeling very comfortable. On the tenth day, however, he died suddenly from heart failure. The stomach was sent for pathological examination to Mr. Alfred Gough of Leeds; who reported as follows: " The tumour forms a large cake about an inch thick. It lies essentially in the muscular coat. The mucosa extends over it for some distance, gradually thinning out, and giving place to an ulcerated surface covered with granulation tissue. The tumour is composed of spindle cells rather loosely arranged with a good deal of intercellular substance. It is a myxosarcoma."


The purpose of this paper is to study the axiomatic approaches of rough set approximation operators in fuzzy formal contexts. We first define four types of fuzzy conceptual knowledge system, and then the axiomatic characterization for rough approximations operators is presented. The axioms that must be satisfied by the operators are stated.


The ink jet print head and an inkjet image forming apparatus having the same are disclosed. The disclosed ink-jet print head and an inkjet image forming apparatus, so that the heater for heating the ink in direct contact with the ink platinum (Pt) - ruthenium (Ru) alloy or a platinum (Pt) - iridium (Ir) - impurities (X) consisting of an alloy and a heater, in which the impurity (X) is at least one material selected from the group consisting of tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O).


THE story of the railroad has been one of constant change and improvement. Tracks, rolling stock and locomotives have been undergoing improvement almost continuously, and this has required that the other branches of railroading have had to keep abreast, or sometimes even ahead, of these developments. One of the outstanding developments has been that of the signal system. The first signals, while no doubt adequate for the requirements of their time, seem crude when compared to present-day devices. Railway signaling includes not only the signal systems required for movement and protection of trains but, as well, the devices provided for the protection of highway users at railroad-highway grade crossings. The first highway crossing signals of the automatic type extensively used were bells. Highway traffic being horse-drawn and slow moving, bells were very effective as warning signals for indicating the approach of trains. With the advent of motor traffic, the question of protecting crossings began to assume a more serious aspect. It seems that every highway user became an expert in the matter, judging by the number and kind of devices that were proposed and tried out. In 1930 the Signal Section made a study and found 63 types of signals actually in service. · In an effort to promote uniformity and standardization, the A.R.A., now -A.A.R., organized the Joint Committee on Grade Crossing -Protection, and -largely through this , committee and the organizations represented in it there was developed a national standard, the wig-wag and flashing light, which are now used all over America. The barrier type of protection, first in the form of manually-operated gates and now as an obstruction in the highway, has come in for its share of attention. Manually-operated gates have been quite popular in cities and villages but are now giving way rapidly to some form of automatic signal. Non-yielding barriers forming an obstruction in the b_~Abstract of paper presented before the Western ~tlway Club By P. M. Gault


In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of perceptual training, administered to Argentinean learners, in the perception and production of word-initial voiceless stops in English. 24 participants were divided into 3 groups: (i) Group 1, which participated in 3 training sessions; (ii) Group 2, which, besides performing the same training tasks, was explicitly informed about the target item; (iii) Group 3 (control). All participants took part in a pre-test, a post-test and a delayed post-test. In all these phases, they participated in a consonant identification task and took part in a reading exercise. Our results show a significant increase of both experimental groups in identification. As for production, Group 2 exhibited a significant increase in /p/ and /t/ after training. These results are indicative of the effectiveness of perceptual training tasks in helping learners focus on Voice Onset Time.


1. The concentration of free choline and cephalin‐N‐methyltransferase activity of the maternal and foetal liver and placenta of rats in late pregnancy were determined.


Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating malignancy characterized by invasive growth and rapid recurrence. The identification and inhibition of molecular components leading to this migratory and invasive phenotype are thus essential. Accordingly, a genome‐wide expression array analysis was performed on MPM cell lines and a set of 139 genes was identified as differentially expressed in cells with high versus low migratory activity. Reduced expression of the novel tumour suppressor integrin α7 (ITGA7) was found in highly motile cells. A significant negative correlation was observed between ITGA7 transcript levels and average displacement of cells. Forced overexpression of ITGA7 in MPM cells with low endogenous ITGA7 expression inhibited cell motility, providing direct evidence for the regulatory role of ITGA7 in MPM cell migration. MPM cells showed decreased ITGA7 expressions at both transcription and protein levels when compared to non‐malignant mesothelial cells. The majority of MPM cell cultures displayed hypermethylation of the ITGA7 promoter when compared to mesothelial cultures. A statistically significant negative correlation between ITGA7 methylation and ITGA7 expression was also observed in MPM cells. While normal human pleura samples unambiguously expressed ITGA7, a varying level of expression was found in a panel of 200 human MPM samples. In multivariate analysis, ITGA7 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Although there was no correlation between histological subtypes and ITGA7 expression, importantly, patients with high tumour cell ITGA7 expression had an increased median overall survival compared to the low‐ or no‐expression groups (463 versus 278 days). In conclusion, our data suggest that ITGA7 is an epigenetically regulated tumour suppressor gene and a prognostic factor in human MPM. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Different oil samples were collected from oil fields in the North Western Desert; namely, Meleiha, Razaak, and North Qarun fields. These oils were analyzed geochemically, including sulfur content, American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity, and gas chromatography The results showed that API gravity and sulfur content indicate that the crude oils have high mature level of marine origin. Distribution of n-alkanes (Carbon Preference Index [CPI], pr/ph, and isoprenoide/n-alkanes ratios) reflects that the oil samples originated mainly from marine organic sources deposited in a reducing environment. This indicates that the oil samples under investigation are well correlated with each other in the western part of the North Western Desert.


We report on blue lasing from a step index glass–clad polymer optical fibre doped with a novel fluorescent stilbenoid compound, 1,4-bis(4-diphenylamino-styryl)-benzene. The compound has a very high quantum yield of 0.85 in polystyrene and a relatively large Stokes shift of 50 nm. The glass–clad fibre is fabricated by drawing a liquid solution of polystyrene containing the compound along into a glass capillary. When the fibre only 1.4 cm in length is photopumped at 355 nm with nanosecond pulses, lasing at 489 nm is observed from a simple cavity defined by the Fresnel reflections at the fibre endfaces.


The effect of prevailing weather factors (mean daily of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) and some natural enemies (six insect predators were recorded; Coccinella undecimpunctata, L.; Scymnus interruptus Goez.; Paederus alfierii Koch, Syrphus spp., Orius spp. and Chrysoperlla carnea (Steph.) on the population densities of the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Jassids (Empoasca spp.) and green stink bug (Nezara viridula (L.)), during 2016 to 2017 cotton growing seasons was studied at the Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Results revealed that:
1.  The initial infestation cotton aphid on cotton plants appeared in the second week of July of 2016 and 2017 seasons (12th and 11th of July of the two seasons, respectively) and had three peaks of population activity of both seasons of the long period of 12th of July till the 20th of September of the first season, and 11th of July till the 26th of September of the second season. The aphid population density was affected positive significantly (0.498*) in the first season and unsignificantly (0.310) in the second season by the temperature. Whereas, the relative humidity was affected positive unsignificantly in both seasons (0.375 and 0.320), respectively, but the effect by the wind speed was negative and highly significant in the two seasons 2016 and 2017 (-0.582** and 0.710**), respectively. The effect by the insect predators on the population density of A. gossypii were positive and highly significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.587** and 0.620**), respectively.
2.  The cotton whitefly began to appear on cotton leaves at 28th of June of both seasons and had four peaks of population activity of both seasons, of the long period of 28th of June till the 4th of October in the first season and 28th of June till the end of the second season (24th of October). The whitefly population density was affected positive highly significant (0.727**) in the first season, and unsignificantly (0.383) in the second season by the temperature. Whereas, the relative humidity was affected positive unsignificantly (0.378) in the first season and significant (0.490*) in the second season, but the affected by the wind speed was unsignificantly positive and negative (0.090 and -0.280) in the 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. The effect by the insect predators on the population density of B. tabaci were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.505* and 0.470*), respectively.
3.   The cotton jassids began to appear on cotton leaves at 30th of May and 6th of June in the two seasons, respectively, and had five peaks of population activity in 2016 season of the long period of 30th of May till the 27th of September and six peaks in 2017 season of the long period of 6th of June till the end of the season (24th of October). The relationship between the temperature and the population density of this insect was positive and highly significant (0.713**) in the first season, and unsignificant (0.420) in the second season. So, the effect by the relative humidity on the population density of jassids was positive and unsignificant (0.221 and 0.400) in both seasons, respectively. While, the wind speed was positively insignificantly and negatively significantly (0.298 and -0.490*) with insect numbers in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. While the effect  by the insect predators on the population density of Empoasca spp. were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.485* and 0.510*), respectively.
4.                   The green stink bug began to appear on cotton leaves at 14th and 13th of June in the 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively, and had three peaks of both seasons of the long period of 14th of June till 18th of October in the first season and 13th of June till 17th of October of the second season. The population density of this insect on cotton plants was affected negatively and unsignificantly (-0.086 and 0.180) in both seasons by the temperature, respectively. But, the relative humidity had unsignificantly positive and negative (0.021 and -0.060) in both seasons, respectively. While, the effect of the wind speed was negative and unsignificantly (-0.237 and -0.080) in both seasons, respectively. The population density of N. viridula on cotton plants was affected by the insect predators were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.515* and 0.499*), respectively. Study the effect of abiotic and naturally occurring biotic factors on seasonal population fluctuations of insect pests, this factors to played the main factor in the evolution and distribution of this insect pest.


In this paper, we consider two dimensional nonlinear elliptic equations of the form $ -{rm div}(a(u,nabla u)) = f $. Then, in order to solve these equations on rectangular domains, we propose a numerical method based on Sinc-Galerkin method. Finally, the presented method is tested on some examples. Numerical results show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.


This design aims to providing a detective probe for measuring temperature gradient of abyssal deposit which can be used as a tool for ROV robot by Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey's first deep-sea exploration vessel'Marine 6'.Its hardware system architecture is designed to multi-channel and low-power dissipation.On the hardware side,the detailed instruction includes temperature measurement,position measurement,data store and communication circuit.On the software side,we introduce the working process of the main program on CPU,process of data.According to a large set of experiments,such as thermoelectric thermostat test,fixed precision resistance test and sea test,the design meet the requirements which measurement accuracy of temperature is 0.01 ℃ and resolution ratio is 0.005 ℃,and realize high precision temperature measurement in small temperature difference of abyssal deposit.


Objective To determine the predictive value of increased CK BB on neural cell injury in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods The serum levels of both indirect bilirubin and CK isoenzyme were determined in 30 consecutive neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia and 59 normal subjects by a peripheral blood sampling method. Results CK BB level was significantly increased in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia than those without ( P 0.001).Conclusion The increased serum level of CK BB is associated with neural cell injury in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. It may be used as a screening index of bilirubinic encephalopathy in clinics.


The turbid/translucent, near colorless(milky) metamorphic sapphire samples from Sri Lanka have been characterized after the heat treatment in at . As-received sapphire specimens became bluish-colored and exhibited more clarity after the heat treatment. It was found that the color change at inclusions zoning region is attributed by the dissolution. As received samples contain the micro/nano inclusions such as rutile(), ilmenite(), spinel()/ulvospinel() and apatite(), which were dissolved by the heat treatment and form the blue color through charge transferring. The microstructures become different because as the dissolution of apatite() in alumino silicates() occurred, resulting in morphological change with the appearance of(Ca, Mg, Al) silicate on the surface. Both as-received and heat treated samples showed the rhombohedral crystal structure of .


High range resolution (HRR) profiling using stepped-frequency pulse trains suffers from range shift and the attenuation/dispersion of range profiles while the target of interest is moving. To overcome these two drawbacks, a new algorithm based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is proposed in this paper. Without altering the conventional stepped-frequency waveform, this algorithm can estimate the target velocity and thereby compensate the phase errors caused by the target's motion. It is shown that the velocity can be accurately estimated and the range profile can be correctly reconstructed.


In the article context is interpreted as a cognitive phenomenon. This interpretation of context is very important for cross-cultural discourse studies because it results in understanding how speakers of the Russian and English languages do their discourse activity.


The objective of this research is to examine Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), Loan to Assets (LTA), Number of Branches, Size and Low Cost Deposits (LCD) to take effect toward Efficiency in
Indonesianâs Banking Industry.
The research consisted of 14 Indonesianâs conventional banking with IDR.10.000 billion or more assets from 2002 to 2008. This research adopts a two-stage approach, Data Envelopment Analysis Model (DEA Model) and regression analysis, to investigate bank efficiency and efficiency effect. The result of this research show that ROA affects positively significant toward efficiency, LTA affects negatively significant toward efficiency at 10% level. CAR, Number of branches, Size and LCD are not affect toward efficiency. In this research, ROA is the most important factor that affecting toward efficiency in Indonesiaâs Banking Industry.


Bennett, Perko, and Herstine (2000) provide a snapshot of what "seems to be" happening across the country related to health education and physical education certification and practice in pre-K-12 school settings from the perspective of 50 selected state-level administrators. Findings of this 10-year study should be considered by professional preparation programs as they design coursework and advise students aspiring to work in pre-K12 school settings. Findings also should inform health educators and physical educators about the political climate within state departments of education across the country. In their discussion section, the authors pose several questions about future directions for health education and physical education in school settings. These and other questions as well as implications for professional preparation programs and to the health of today's youth are addressed in the following sections.


The Houshihua gold deposit is a small quartz vein-type deposit occurring in the northern margin of the North China Craton. Five molybdenite samples from this deposit yield the Re- Os isotopic model ages ranging from 280. 3 ± 3. 8 to 283. 0 ± 3. 9 Ma,with a weighted average age of 282. 0 ±1. 8 Ma( MSWD = 0. 28) and an isochron age of 281. 9 ± 1. 8Ma( MSWD = 0. 57). This implies that the Au and Mo mineralization at this place occurred in early Permian,which was presumably the product of a tectono-hydrothermal event in a tectonic setting of a continental arc generated by the southward subduction of the ancient Asian ocean beneath the North China Craton in the late Hercynian period. Based on the regional geological data,it is inferred that a notable metallogenic event occurred during the late Hercynian period,which might be strongly modified or destroyed in later time. Probably Hercynian Au and Mo deposits had formed within brittle faults above ductile shear zones in the Precambian basement and in the early Paleozoic accretion belt along the northern margin of the North China Craton.


As an refrigerating machine oil (108) that is enclosed in a sealed vessel (106) along a motor element (111), and a compression element (112) driven by the motor element (111), oil that has as base oil a carboxylic ester compound whose kinematic viscosity is 6 mm2/s or less at 40 degrees, and 2 mm2/s or less at 100 degrees, and that has one ester group as a chief ingredient is used. Thereby, the extraction force of oligomer contained in an organic material can be suppressed to hold comparatively much oligomer in the oil, and the oligomer can be kept from precipitating, and depositing in a refrigeration system, thereby blocking a refrigerant passage, such as a muffler or piping is suppressed.


ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experience of resident nurses with preceptorship contributions to the development of common clinical and managerial skills acquired in pedagogical projects. Methods: exploratory qualitative research developed in two stages: document analysis of pedagogical projects and semi-structured interviews with residents. Content analysis was carried out based on the framework of the nurse's work process and skills. Results: the pedagogical projects of the three programs foresee the development of common skills, mostly clinical and only two managerial skills. The 22 residents reported the contributions of preceptorship in the development of competences centered on clinical practice, focusing on technical procedures disjointed from clinical reasoning and the managerial dimension of the nurse's work. Final Considerations: it is necessary to train preceptors and involve all social actors linked to residency programs to expand preceptorship potential.


Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor. Colorectal cancer is primarily caused by the cancerization of an adenomatous polyp. Segmentation of polyps in computer-assisted enteroscopy images is helpful for doctors to diagnose and treat the disease accurately. In this study, a segmentation algorithm of colonoscopy images based on multi-scale feature fusion is proposed. The proposed algorithm adopts ResNet50 as the backbone network to extract features. The shallow features are processed using the cross extraction module, thus increasing the receptive field, retaining the texture information, and fusing the processed shallow features and deep features at different proportions based on a multi-proportion fusion module. The proposed algorithm is capable of suppressing redundant information, removing background noise, and sharpening boundaries while acquiring considerable semantic information. As revealed by the results of the experiments on the published Kvasir-SEG dataset of intestinal polyps, the mean Dice coefficient and mean intersection over union were obtained as 0.9192 and 0.8873, better than that of existing mainstream algorithms. The result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed network and provides a reference for deep learning concerning the image processing and analysis of intestinal polyps.


Some queer theorists have developed a theory of 'queer time', while others question the metronormativity of queer studies. However, we do not yet have an account of rural queer temporality. Drawing from a wide survey of works on queer time, this article sets out to imagine what such a theory might entail and how it might demand changes of queer theory. Considerations of rural queerness have tended to be representative or ethnographic in nature. This article takes a different tack: it lays the groundwork for a ruralizing reorganization of time and queer affect. To do so, it challenges the temporal modes that often underlie the ostensibly neutral preference for cities. It imagines a queer thing indeed: rural modes influencing queer city life.


Based on a damping control strategy for oscillation energy descent, an adaptive UPFC fuzzy-logic damping control scheme is proposed. Using the UPFC line power as the input signal, the controller can adaptively adjust the control parameters according to the magnitude of power oscillation in the UPFC line using fuzzy rules to effectively damp the power oscillation. One of advantages of the controller is that the detailed model and parameters of systems is not needed in the controller design. Case studies on the 10-generator New England test system show that the controller can effectively enhance dynamic stability of systems with good robustness.


An architecture for the scalable speed and multiple supply voltage range of 1.6 V to 3.6 V, low voltage to high voltage level shifter has been proposed. The buffer containing the level shifter is fabricated in 40 nm CMOS process by thin oxide (32 Å thick) devices whose stress limit is 1.98 V (max). The technique generates a set of dynamic differential bias signals as a function of input data sequence, output state of the level shifter and the supply voltage for a given process and temperature to ensure the reliable operation of the level shift stage. The measurement results confirmed successful operation at 40 Mbps with 10 pF load on IO pad, with multiple supplies, 1.8 V - 2.7 V - 3.6 V.


A loved one's loss to suicide can be a traumatic experience and trigger a difficult grief process, identity changes, a loss of the sense of meaning and a spiritual crisis. Spirituality and/or religiosity (S/R) can be both an important resource and a source of stigmatisation during suicide bereavement. This study aims to synthesise the extant findings about S/R during suicide bereavement in qualitative studies. After an exhaustive selection of articles, the current review utilised a total of 484 citations and seven studies. A thematic synthesis yielded five major themes related to S/R during suicide bereavement: the need to be helped by the religious community without being judged; S/R-related experience of the deceased as a figure who continues to exist; S/R experienced without a conscious choice; conscious reach towards S/R themes; not relating to S/R during suicide bereavement. These findings indicate that the role of S/R during suicide bereavement is complex and varies from providing help to serving as a source of suffering. Hence, practitioners and religious communities should be mindful of the S/R themes during suicide bereavement.


Time‐resolved mid‐infrared pump‐probe measurements in an operating quantum cascade laser below and above threshold reveal gain recovery dynamics to be driven by transport through the quantum cascade structure with two components: relaxation within a stage on a sub‐picosecond scale and transport between stages on a picosecond scale. The fast recovery corresponds to resonant tunneling from the injector ground state into the upper lasing state, and is found to be incoherent due to strong dephasing via intraband electron‐electron scattering. The slower component corresponds to miniband superlattice transport. Both components have been studied as a function of bias and temperature.


This paper establishes an evaluation index system for university library's website,and constructs an evaluation mode for university library's website based on the AHP,calculates the value of the weight of each index,and through the consistency check,makes the final sequences of the importance of all indexes.


Every evening, whole families stream down from the difficult suburbs towards the Argentine capital, seeking recyclable refuse in order to sell it. They are the cartoneros (waste recoverers). This phenomenon took on considerable importance towards 2001, when the full force of effects of the new economic model applied in Argentina began to be felt in society and led to a major crisis. This movement nevertheless illustrated the civil society's ability for adaptation and reconstruction of: networks of mutual support and assistance form as a means of facing the difficulties of everyday life. The cartoneros provide a good example. Some of these excluded people organize themselves, others do not. However, all of them improvise an occupation or trade which they develop to the point of becoming a driving force for numerous changes in the country and of opening up the way – albeit still a precarious one – towards social integration.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the persistence period of plasmid in mice muscles injected with NV-HB/s and the possible influence on oncogene C-myc.

METHODS
Anti-HBs was detected by ELISA; NV-HB/s was detected by In-situ and Southern-blot hybridization separately; C-myc mRNA was detected by In-situ hybridization.

RESULTS
All mice injected with NV-HB/s were positive of anti-HBs after 1 month of immunization; NV-HB/s was negative when detected by In-situ hybridization; By Southern-blot hybridization, the positive rates of NV-HB/s were decreasing from 100% in 2 months to 25% after 6 months of inoculation.

CONCLUSIONS
NV-HB/s would be disintegrated little by little after injected into mouse muscles; no C-myc activation was observed in 6 months after NV-HB/s inoculation.


Little is known about the opinions, beliefs and behavior of Swiss physicians regarding physical activity (PA) promotion in a primary care setting. A qualitative study was performed with semistructured interviews. We purposively recruited and interviewed 16 physicians in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Their statements and ideas regarding the promotion of PA in a primary care setting were transcribed and synthesized from the tape recorded interviews. The main findings are presented in the follow ing by thematic categories: – Screening for sedentary lifestyle and counseling practices. History regarding PA was consequently taken with new cases, but not in a systematic manner. Counseling was more likely to be delivered if other cardiovascular risk factors were present. – Counseling techniques and how to learn them. Practical education on motivational interviewing techniques and on the use of topic-specific tools was advocated. According to some inter viewees, more emphasis should be put on well-being as a motivational tool, rather than on disease prevention. – Barriers to counseling. Lack of time, lack of reimbursement, lack of clear guidelines. – Interventions advocated by general practitioners for PA promotion in a primary care setting. Screening for sedentary lifestyle, booklets accompanying physician counseling, patient orientation to structured PA programs or to specially trained counselors. – Effectiveness of counseling. Most physicians described themselves as rather pessimistic in their perception of counseling effectiveness. We conclude that in order to find wider acceptance in primary care settings, the conception of PA promotion should take into account physicians' barriers, and involve them in the development of a training curriculum.


This paper presents a new adaptive post-processing algorithm for ringing artifact reduction after image interpolation (up sampling). The algorithm is based on the concept of total variation (TV) for ringing control. It uses known TV of the blocks of the low-resolution image. Conditional gradient, subgradient and projection subgradient methods for this algorithm are considered and analyzed. A test set of 181300 overlapping 11times11 blocks of real images was used for local algorithm optimization and analysis. Local conditional gradient method shows the best objective and subjective results.


This report – Summary of Findings – is intended to support evidence-based decision making by those involved in the design and use of school learning environments. It summarises the findings of a three-year collaborative research initiative involving Catholic Education Melbourne (CEM), Catholic Education Diocese of Parramatta (CEDP) and the Learning Environments Applied Research Network (LEaRN) at the University of Melbourne. The Towards Effective Learning Environments in Catholic Schools (TELE): An Evidence Based Approach (2015-2017) project is one of the largest known studies to have evaluated the relationships between the built environment and the pedagogical practices and activities of school teachers and students. The findings have been drawn from the rigorous evaluation of 43 learning environments in 38 schools.


Objective To evaluate the effect of different nebulization inhalation methods on blood oxygen degree of saturation(SaO2) in infants with asthma.Methods Sixty-two infants with asthma were randomly assigned into 3 groups: air-high-frequency flow stonized inhalation group(n=22),oxygen-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group(n=20) and ultrason jet nebulization group(n=18).Three groups all were gived budesonide suspl.SaO2 was monitored during nubulization.Results There were significant differences of SaO2 levels between oxygen-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group and air-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group,ultrason jet ne-bulization group after 10 min and during inhalation(Pa0.05).There were no significant differences of SaO2 levels between air-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group and ultrason jet nebulization group after 10 min and during inhalation(Pa0.01).Conclusions There are significant effect of differen nebulization inhalation methods on SaO2 in infants with asthma.The oxygen-high-frequency flow stoni-zed inhalationthe more adequate for infants with asthma.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to develop a non-invasive predictor of malignancy in breast tumors through the design and preliminary validation of a new form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . The hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of microvasculature around a solid breast lesion is specific for malignancy and can be reliably measured at high resolution by a completely non-invasive, non-contrast-enhanced MRI method. This is being tested by achieving the following: 1. Design/building/testing of ultra-high-strength gradient coils for human breast imaging at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 4T. 2. Design/implementation/testing of MR pulse sequences for selective mapping of microvascular parameters. 3.Correlation of MR-derived microvascular parameters with true microvessel density in a rat model of human breast cancer. A gradient coil has been designed that is suitable for high resolution imaging of tumours in rats and achieves gradient strengths up to 3OOmT/m (typical clinical systems achieve 4OmT/m) . A non-contrast-enhanced MRI pulse sequence that uses diffusion weighting has been implemented at l.5T, and has been used to acquire images of breast tumours in rats. Using an analysis program designed in house, our results show that our technique allows imaging of the micravasculature in tumours. The significance of this research is that, with relatively low-cost modifications to MR imaging equipment, it should be possible to detect, diagnose, and provide much improved prognosis of lesions suspected to be breast cancer. Further, this technique will measure non-invasively the microvasculature, allowing monitoring of anti-angiogenic treatments.


We have previously shown that runt miniature pigs demonstrate compensatory growth and develop early indicators of obesity, heart disease and hypertension, compared to large littermates. The mechanism for this programming is probably associated with methylation of DNA using methyl groups generated by sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that hepatic SAA metabolic enzyme capacity is different in runts. Runt piglets (850±130g) were paired with the largest littermate (1360±210g) and killed at 3 d of age (N=12). Relative (g/kg body weight) organ weights were similar between groups for liver, kidney, colon and small intestine. Specific activities of BHMT and CGL were 30% and 20% lower in runts, respectively (P<0.05, paired t‐test) and not different for MAT, MS, MTHFR and CBS. Runts also had lower total liver activities for all enzymes (P<0.05). Plasma total cysteine (Cys) was lower in runts (P<0.05), consistent with lower flux through the transsulfuration pathway which includes CGL. However, total methionine (Met) and homocysteine (Hcy) were not different in plasma. The lower BHMT and CGL activities in runts suggest lower remethylation (Hcy to Met) and transsulfuration (Met to Cys) capacities, respectively. During compensatory growth, less Met is available for maintenance reactions which will alter methyl supply and possibly lead to epigenetic alterations in runts.


Abstract : This first interim report describes the development of dune erosion algorithms based on an analysis of existing approaches; it describes the activities related to the ShoreCirc model required to make it suitable for modeling of the nearshore hydrodynamics during hurricanes and it describes a newly developed model for inner surfzone swash and overwash processes. Significant progress was made here and a set of Matlab routines providing much of the needed functionality is included for evaluation and testing. A novel approach for solving the time-varying wave action balance is applied where in contrast with existing surfbeat models which are averaged over directional and frequency spectrum the wave directionality is maintained which removes the need for a separate wave model to provide wave directions.


Objective-To evaluate thetimecourseof therecovery ofatrial mechanical function afterpharmacological cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation tosinus rhythm. Patients and methods-21patients (12 male,9 female, aged37-77years) with chronicatrial fibrillation (<6 months) werefollowed up by serial transmitral pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiographic studieswere performedwithinthefirst 24hoursandon day8,15,and30after cardioversion. Results-There wasasignificant increase (mean(SD))inthepeakA-wavevelocity (from035(0.10) onday1to050(1.73) on day8,andthereafter agradual increase to 0*61(0.14) m/sonday30).Similarly, integratedlateatrialvelocities increased from450(1.46) onday1to5*61(1.73) on day8and5*97(1.47) cm/s2 onday30.The atrial contribution to totaltransmitral flowincreased significantly from26(7)% immediately after conversion ofatrial fibrillation tosinus rhythmto34(7)%onday 30,indicating thehaemodynamic benefit oftherestoration ofsinusrhythm.Left atrial diameter decreased butnotsignificantly, from4-11(0.37) to3-98(0.34) cm (P<0.005). Conclusions-These results suggest that restoration ofatrial mechanical function afterpharmacological cardioversion in patients withchronic atrial fibrillation is slowandgradual, asitisafter electrical DC restoration ofsinusrhythm.This timecoursemayhaveimportant implications fordetermining howlongtreatment withanticoagulants andantiarrhythmic agentsneedstocontinue inindividual patients. Itwillalsoinfluence theclinical assessment ofthehaemodynamic benefit ofrestoring sinusrhythminpatients with chronic atrial fibrillation.


The Interactive Solar Center in the Middle of the World is a project that aims to show in a dynamic and participatory way the qualities and properties of Sunlight; as well as its relationship with the country's history. Its strategic location on Mount Catequilla latitude 0o, allows you to observe with better accuracy and breadth the importance of the sun. That is why the Light will be the organizing element of the architectural object, regulating other subsystems that compose it.


Abstract Pure calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel citrate method using either Ca (NO3)2 or CaCl2 as a precursor. CaCO3 powder analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), BET analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD patterns show that the pure phase of CaCO3 nanoparticles was produced at calcination temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C with surface areas of 97.8 and 195.3 m2/g for CaCl2 and Ca (NO3) precursor, respectively. The second phase was obtained when using CaCl2 precursor compared with Ca (NO3)2. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) dye. Three isothermal models were investigated by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin, and the resulting data were well fitted into Langmuir isotherm with R 2= 0.98 and adsorption capacity 110.9 mg\g. The finding reveals that 98 ± 4.9% of 50 ppm MO dye may be adsorbed at pH 2 and shaking time 2 h. Furthermore, with an increase in the initial dye concentration and dose amount, the efficiency of the removal process increases. The adsorption kinetic behavior is well acceptable with pseudo-second-order. Desorption experiments were conducted to regenerate the adsorbent with an efficiency of 92.9 ± 4.6%. Graphical Abstract


Mapleton Falls National Park is located about 105km north of Brisbane, near Mapleton, in the Sunshine Coast hinterland. Information includes access, features, facilities, walking tracks, natural environment, safety and alerts.


Spaghetti squash is squash of American origin that has spaghetti-like characteristic of fruit flesh, unlike any other squash varieties. This study aims to investigate the use of trellis and mulch to increase the spaghetti squash production. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Centre of Tropical Horticulture, Bogor from April to November 2016. The experiment used a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Two factors were tested, i.e. the use of trellis and mulch as the main plots, and accessions of the spaghetti squash as a sub-plot. The treatments were the use of trellis and mulch, mulch without the trellis, the trellis without mulch, and without the trellis and mulch. The spaghetti squash accessions used in this experiment were accessions from Taiwan (F1) and from America. Each experimental unit consists of five plants with a total a total of 160 plants. The results of this experiment showed that the growing squash using mulch and trellis had the greatest number of fruits per plant, more marketable fruits and had the largest fruit weight as compared with the other treatments. Taiwan accession had more fruits per plant and total marketable fruits, the largest fruit weight, the longest and widest fruits with large fruit diameter. Taiwan accession produced fruits at lower nodes of the plants, and fruits can be harvested earlier than the American accession. Correlation analysis indicated that the more fruits per plant, the more number of fruits that are marketable, the greater fruit weight and more fruits can be harvested from the higher nodes of the plants. From agronomical point of view, Taiwan spaghetti squash would be preferable to obtain the high fruit production provided the crops were mulched and grown with trellis. Keywords: Cucurbitacea, trellis, mulch, plant culture


Hydroxyl radicals were generated from N2O-saturated phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.5) by irradiation with a 3.7 TBq 137Cs source. The radicals attacked benzoate to form highly fluorescent products. The induction of fluorescence was tested in 0.002 to 2mM of benzoate solution; the fluorescence intensity was approximately constant at benzoate concentrations more than 0.1 mM during irradiation, and increased linearly with irradiation dose up to 53 Gy tested. The major primary products detected by high-performance liquid chromatography were three monohydroxybenzoates, 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoate (HOBZ). The G-values obtained from γ-irradiation for 60 min of a 0.2 mM benzoate solution were G(2-HOBZ)=0.97, G(3-HOBZ)=0.48 and G(4-HOBZ)=0.45. As the fluorescence of irradiated benzoate solution arose mostly from 2- and 3-HOBZ and the intensity of 2-HOBZ is 30 times that of 3-HOBZ, 98% of the fluorescence intensity induced was ascribed to 2-HOBZ. A hydroxyl radical scavenger competed with benzoate for hydroxyl radicals produced, and diminished the fluorescent products. A rate constant for the reaction of a scavenger with hydroxyl radical could be determined from the reduction in fluorescence intensity, using 0.2 mM benzoate and various concentrations of the scavenger. The fluorescence intensity was detectable down to 0.15 μM of 2-HOBZ produced. For various compounds, rate constants obtained in this way were similar to those measured by pulse-radiolysis.


In this paper the assumption is put forward that a precondition fora dictionary to obtain a position of importance in a speak.ing community is that the users regard the dictionary as an authority. Furthermore it is assumed that five aspects of comprehensive monolingual dictionaries are of specific interest to the public. The aspects are: the dictionary as: 1. a description of language usage, 2. a topic of discussion, 3. a knowledge base, 4. a period picture and 5. a learning device. In an attempt to define the factors which are necessary for the dictionary to become an authority with respect to the aspects, each aspect is related to the authority demand.


Developing efficient powder catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acidic electrolyte is significant and challenging for hydrogen generation in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technique. Herein, we demonstrated an efficient catalyst for HER in the acid media based on the graphene supported ruthenium telluride nanoparticles (RuTe 2 /Gr). The catalysts were easily fabricated by a facile microwave irradiation/thermal annealing approach, and orthorhombic RuTe 2 crystals were found anchored over the surface of graphene. The defective structure was demonstrated in the aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy on RuTe 2 crystals and graphene support, which was beneficial to the high nanocrystals anchor and conductivity improvement. This catalyst required an overpotential of 72 mV to drive 10 mA cm -2 when loading on the inert glass carbon electrode; Excellent catalytic stability in acidic media was also observed to offer 10 mA cm -2 for 10 hours. The Volmer-Tafel mechanism was indicated on RuTe 2 /Gr catalyst by Tafel slope of 33 mV dec -1 , similar to that of Pt/C catalysts. The high catalytic performance of RuTe 2 /Gr could be attributed to its high dispersion on the graphene surface, high electrical conductivity and low charge transfer resistance. This powder catalyst has potential application in the PEM water electrolysis technique because of its low cost and high stability.


Graphene-based materials have recently attracted a great attention due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties, which make them attractive candidates for many technological applications in sensing, opto-electronics, catalysis and energy storage. Their chemical functionalization is key in order to tune properties. Here a novel two steps synthesis approach enabling high degree of covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) is devised, thereby making it possible the facile attachment of various robust functional molecules. Such a process relies initially on the grafting of an ethylenediamine linker followed by a second step consisting in the condensation reaction between aldehyde and amine groups to form imine bonds. As testbeds two kinds of graphene-based functional systems, i.e. porphyrin modified GO and ferrocene modified GO, are prepared. Such hybrid systems are characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The degree of functionalization is quantified as the attachment of one porphyrin or ferrocene unit each 34 or 77 carbon atoms of the GO scaffold, respectively, which is much higher than values obtained upon using various established chemical approaches to functionalize GO, such as condensation, cycloaddition or coupling reactions. For the first time, the reduced form of ferrocene modified GO was employed as electrode materials in supercapacitors, showing a specific capacitance of 127 F g –1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 , with capacitance retention of ≈ 93% after 5000 cycles at the same current density, demonstrating a great potential in high performance energy storage devices.


Wandu Palace is a typical mountain city palace in the middle of Koguryo time. It is an important part of Koguryo architecture. As an essential part of Wandu mountain city,the palace area is of vital significance to the construction of the capital city. The article analyzes the foundation of the mountain palace. Taking ancient documents as important basis,according to the principle of architectural archaeology and architectural history,the palace area is divided into three parts,allow ing people relate to the layout and function of Wandu mountain palace more thoroughly and correctly.


(1) On the basis of multiwavelength backscatter and 532-nm extinction profiling with lidar at Sagres (37� N, 9� W), southern Portugal, and optical depth observations with a star photometer at the lidar site and a Sun photometer atop a nearby mountain, several European pollution outbreaks were characterized during the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 2) in the summer of 1997. A sophisticated analysis scheme applied to the lidar-photometer data set is described. The observations are mainly presented in terms of profiles of the 532-nm extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) and of A u ngstrom exponents calculated for the wavelength ranges 400-532 nm and 532-800 nm. The lidar ratio indicates the aerosol type (marine, soil, pollution) whereas the A u ngstrom exponents are sensitive to changes in the particle size distribution (accumulation mode, coarse mode). Results of an extensive correlation analysis considering all determined optical parameters, relative humidity, and measurement height are discussed. Finally, the spectrally resolved optical depth and the column A u ngstrom exponents for the lofted outbreak plumes determined from the lidar profiles are compared with respective values derived from the star and Sun photometer measurements. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution— urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 1630 Global Change: Impact phenomena; KEYWORDS: multiwavelength lidar, star photometer, Sun photometer, anthropogenic aerosols, aerosol optical properties


Effects of microwave heating, deep-fat flying, and conventional oven baking on proximate composition and concentration of cholesterol in channel catfish fillets were examined. The paired fillet technique was employed to control the variability among fish. A total of fifteen catfish were randomly assigned to the three cooking methods. All cooking procedures resulted in moisture loss. Fillets that were deep-fat fried showed the lowest moisture content but the highest fat content, respectively, among three cooking methods. The three cooking methods, on a dry weight basis, all significantly affected cholesterol concentration of cooked catfish compared with raw fillets. Deep-fat frying resulted in a significant decrease of cholesterol and showed the lowest concentration of cholesterol among three cooking methods probably due to leaching of cholesterol into frying oil.


We prove that the twist-3 chiral-odd parton distributions obey simple GLAP evolution equations in the limit $N_c\to\infty$ and give analytic formulae for the corresponding anomalous dimensions. The results are valid to O(1/N_{c}^2) accuracy and will be useful in confronting with future experiments.


The greatest deficiency in health care in the United States is the inadequate supply of family‐oriented or front‐line medical care. In order to improve the attractiveness of front‐line medical practice, physicians who publicly make their major commitment to it should be assured access to appropriate facilities and to the services of an adequate volume and variety of assistants provided at public expense, as is now done for medical subspecialists. Family medicine programs should be established in medical schools to provide the greatly needed education and research in front‐line health care.


This paper supplies additions to our paper in Linear Algebra Appl. 510 (2016) 395--420 on integral spans of tight frames in Euclidean spaces. In that previous paper, we considered the case of an equiangular tight frame (ETF), proving that if its integral span is a lattice then the frame must be rational, but overlooking a simple argument in the reverse direction. Thus our first result here is that the integral span of an ETF is a lattice if and only if the frame is rational. Further, we discuss conditions under which such lattices are eutactic and perfect and, consequently, are local maxima of the packing density function in the dimension of their span. In particular, the unit (276, 23) equiangular tight frame is shown to be eutactic and perfect. More general tight frames and their norm-forms are considered as well, and definitive results are obtained in dimensions two and three.


*Correspondence Email : email@example.com ABSTRACT Muscle injuries among athletes require a complete recovery to be able to function optimally as before. However, in spite of implementing the management with PRICE (Protection, Rest, Immobilization, Compression and Elevation), during the recovery processes, fibrotic tissue will be formed, which is an unwanted non-functional muscle. Losartan is a blood pressure-lowering drug which has the inhibitory effect of inhibitory effect of TGF-β cytokines (fibrotic tissue regulators). TGF-β is the key to fibrotic formation and differentiation. Losartan has an effect on decreasing the TGF-β production and it may affect the fibrotic tissue. This research is conducted by an experimental comparative method on the rabbit as study objects. Based on Federer formula sampling, twenty samples totally occurred. The random sampling method is adopted for comparing fibrotic tissue in two different groups (control group and losartan group). Losartan is administered orally. There were significant differences in the proportion of fibrotic tissue between the sample groups. The losartan group showed that the level of fibrotic intensity, distribution, and H-score was decreased compared to the control group. Moreover, the result of Mann Whitney statistic test, for determining the H-score for both groups, showed that p is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), which implies that this research is statistically significant. This research proves that giving Losartan tablets brings a significant impact in reducing the formation of muscle fibrosis in muscle injury grade 1 in gastrocnemius rabbits.


Background: Molecular methods are nowadays used to diagnose diseases, produce vaccines, drugs and recombinant proteins. Therefore, one of the important steps in these procedures is selecting the appropriate vector for cloning and expression of the target genes. Because the expression of synthetic polygenes or so-called chimeric antigens with high molecular weight requires special conditions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of vector type for expression of such antigens. Materials and Methods: The 1250bp sequence consisting of epitopes from eight important antigens of Leishmania infantum parasite was designed and synthesized by Biomatic Company (Cambridge, Canada). The sequence was cloned separately in two expression vectors pET25b and pET32a and then transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and expressed under similar appropriate conditions. Bacterial lysates were analyzed by SDS PAGE and evaluated by Western blotting. Results: of SDS- PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that intact recombinant protein production by pET25b vector was not successful. However, the recombinant protein resulted from the expression of the aforementioned poly-epitope in pET32a vector was successfully produced and confirmed. Conclusion: According to the successful expression confirmation of the poly-epitopic sequence within the pET32a vector and furthermore the failure to obtain protein in the pET25b vector showed that in the case of some specific mosaic sequences expression, protein isolation will be difficult because of low solubility. So, the expression vector choose should be made more carefully.


Yu kyung-min, 2009. A study on the k?ppathi-'s meaning and morphological analysis. Korean Semantics, 30. I argue that the word 'k?ppathi(?바티)-' in Middle Korean can be analyzed as consisting of 'k?p- + pathi-'. Some may argue that 'k?p(?)-' is derived from 'k?s(?)- + p?(?)-', but I believe that its morphological derivation is '?-', giving rise to 'kapkapha-' in Contemporary Korean. As for 'pathi(바티)-', it may be taken to be from 'piwat(비왙)/pat(밭)- + -hi(히)/i(이)-', but it should be analyzed as 'pat- + -hi-' whose cognate in Contemporary Korean is 'pathi(받이)-'. I have come to this conclusion as a result of examining the original texts and their Chinese counterparts containing k?p, pathi-, and k?ppathi-together with their associated meanings. The form and the meaning of 'k?ppathi-' are related to such forms as 'k?pnur?(?누르)-', 'puppathi(붑바티)-', and my speculation is that the meaning of 'k?ppathi-', one of the rare words in Middle Korean texts, is [(breath/cry) is welling up stiflingly].


Compressional wave velocity and attenuation were measured at frequencies of 200–1500 Hz on seafloor sediments at Lough Hyne, Ireland, using a mini-boomer source and hydrophone array. Velocity and attenuation were also measured in the laboratory at 200–800 kHz on a 1 m long sediment core taken from the site. The in situ results indicate an average sediment phase velocity of about 1600 m/s and sediment quality factor of 10–20. The laboratory core measurements give an average phase velocity of 1793±26 m/s and quality factor of 16±5. The poorly sorted, Lough Hyne sediments are highly attenuating and highly dispersive when compared to values published in the literature for well-sorted, marine sediments such as clean sands and marine clays. The results are consistent with the few published data for poorly sorted sediments, and indicate that intrinsic attenuation is highest when the mass ratio of mud (clay + silt) to sand grade particles is close to unity. It is proposed that compliance heterogeneities are most abundant when mud and sand grade particles are present in roughly equal proportions, and that the observations support local viscous fluid flow as the most likely loss mechanism.


The title compound, (E)-3-methyl-6-(3-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-2(3H)-benzothiazolone, was synthesized by both an acid- and base-catalyzed aldol condensation of 3-methyl-6-acetyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolone and 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone. The structure of the target compound was confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis.


Objective To study if the expression of hBD-2 in human epithelia cells could be promoted after stimulated by 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine,and to explore the method that could induce the expression of hBD-2.Methods Human original airway epithelia cells were isolated and cultured,stimulated by different concentrations of 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.The total RNA in cells and supernatant were collected after 6,12,24 hours,and the expressions of hBD-2 mRNA and protein were respectively detected with RT-PCR and ELISA.Results After stimulated for 6 hours,there were no significant changes in expressions of hBD-2 mRNA and protein between stimulated groups and control group.But after stimulated for 12 hours,the expressions of hBD-2 mRNA and protein in supernatant increased in the groups that the concentration of 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine over 0.5 mg/L compared with control group (P <0.05).After 24 hours,the expressions of hBD-2 mRNA and protein in supernatant decreased.Conclusions 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine above some certain concentration (> 0.5 mg/L) can stimulate cultured human airway epithelial cells,increase the expressions of hBD-2 mRNA and protein,and hBD-2 plays the role of natural antimicrobial activity.

Key words:
23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; Human airway epithelial cells; β defensin-2


This study is set to be focused on semantics as one of the pillars  of linguistics, yet. It is an attempt to uncover the connotations expressed in actions of  the hepocrapts against the prophet, Mohammed… ((may allah be pray upon him)). That are mentioned in the holy Quran . the present tense of verbs is chosen as a typical verb ,due to the indications of the tense on reocurrance and renewal aspects, so as to study those verbs to confirm by which how far did the hepocrapts go in their way in terms of hypocrisy over their actions .This research is based on an introduction along with two questions .First: to define semantics, verb and hypocrisy each in terms of language and terminology .The Second to draw analysis on the holy verses under study. Then a conclusion is drawn in terms of the significant results listed in the verses table line and included  in the verbs relevant to the subject of the research .This research is taken from a master thesis made on the indications characterized in the actions of the hepocrapts in the holy Quran.


An integrated study on lithology, sedimentology, and petroleum geology in the Fergana Basin (Central Asia) is carried out in this paper. In this orographic basin, the source rocks are marine and lagoon mudstones, shale and marl of the Paleogene, the upper Cretaceous and the lower-middle Jurassic, the chief reservoir beds are the marine and dalta sandstones and carbonate rocks of the Paleocene, the regional cap rocks are shale and gypsolyte from the upper Jurassic to the Pliocene, and the traps and the oil-gas fields are classified into three types that are the tectonic, the tecto-lithostratigraphic and the stratal traps and oil-gas fields. Structurelly, the oil/gas-braring basin is divided into four oil-gas regions that are the north basin flank, the central basin graben, the northeast and the southwest of south basin flank. The northeast area and the southwest area of south basin flank have more resources of oil and gas. The main time of oil and gas migration and accumulation is the early Paleocene. The Mingbulak Field of the central basin graben is the largest field of the Fergana Basin, and the basin's oil and gas potential has significantly increased for the Mingbulak field discovered.


The authors have studied the inter-related magnetic and transport properties of several amorphous Ni3RE alloys prepared by sputtering. The resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements reveal new aspects of the influence of the amorphous structure on the transport properties: in particular an increase of resistivity on magnetic ordering and an associated positive magnetoresistance. They analyse the magnetic and transport properties in the random anisotropy model and evaluate the crystal field acting on the rare earth moments.


Marketing Research is always a debatable topic. Serious questions are raised about the relevance of marketing research in successful introduction of products and services in the society. It has been observed several times that, marketing research studies may also lead to wrong decisions. In a few cases marketing research predicted success that turned out to be a failure and in other cases, MR predicted failure that turned out to be success in the society. The reason for the contradiction may be attributed to improper research design and unsuitable use of research methods. In the context of product design, the failure may also occur due to ineffective communication of marketing research findings to the designers. As far as the idea generation process for new product development is concerned, the power of abstract is very fundamental. When ideas are scarce, a fresh viewpoint makes all the difference. In order to validate the idea that Marketing Research needs to consider actual user behaviour, and integrate the same with marketing research for ideation of design solution, a case study of "dishwashing" has been considered. Consumer behavior data was collected by using structured questionnaires, personal interview and ethnography. Primary data was analysed using various quantitative and qualitative tools with extensive use of various descriptive and inferential statistical tools (SPSS). The marketing research findings were documented. A new method termed "Marketing Research Finding Sensitive Visualisation (MRFSV)" was adopted to communicate the marketing research findings to the design students of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. The ideas generated from this process were evaluated with the help of focus group feedback. The response of the focus group was further analysed using quantitative techniques. The study reveals that, unstructured communication of consumer behavior to the designers may move away the designers from the design objective. Designers tend to enclose their preconceived thought about the consumer behavior in their ideas for design solutions. There is a significance variance in weightages given by the designers to various marketing research findings in order to meet the deign objective. The MRFSV method helps the designers in defining design problem. This method helps in establishing a direct relationship of defined design problem to designer's design solution. The synthesis of all the MRFSVs generates wonderful ideas and design alternatives, which ultimately leads to a complete design solution in the line of design objective. The paper discusses this effort in detail.