A programming language design must strike a balance between validatability, expressiveness, and efficiency. Bridging the gap between domain concepts and the encoding of these concepts in a programming language is one of the core challenges of software engineering. The validatability of a language is a measure of the size of this gap. In a language with a high validatability index, one can express intent with relatively little encoding, which makes it straightforward to establish that a program 'does the right thing'. Validatability decreases with increasing encoding. Validatability is often at odds with expressiveness, the coverage of a domain of computation by a language. High coverage can typically be achieved by providing low level operations that can be combined in many different ways. However, encoding domain concepts in low level primitives increases the distance between intent and realization. Lack of (domain) expressiveness results in an abundance of programming patterns to make up for the missing non-expressible constructs [1]. These programming patterns are an obstacle to understanding of programs by human readers [1], and thus reduce validatability. Validatability is also at odds with efficiency. Realizing a high performance implementation typically requires invasive changes to a basic expression of intent. A language that supports separation of concerns between expression of intent and expression of performance requirements avoids such invasive changes. In general purpose languages efficient computations can be encoded, but at the loss of validatability. In domain-specific languages, such as IncQuery [12] for graph pattern matching, efficiency can be realized with limited encoding, but at the expense of limiting expressiveness to a narrow domain. The objective of our research group is to investigate the balance between validatability, efficiency, and expressiveness in the design of (domain-specific) programming languages in order to reduce the complexity of software systems. The objective of my thesis work is to do a case study to investigate this balance in the domain of information systems. Information systems are systems for the collection, organization, storage, and communication of information. Information systems aim to support operations, management and decision-making. In order to do this, the data in information systems is filtered and processed to create new data. Information systems are an interesting domain because both validatability and efficiency are important information system properties. Validatability for information systems is useful because its end users should be able to validate that their system does the right thing. End users should be able to inspect information system specifications, just like they are able to inspect the formulas in a spreadsheet, to validate them. Efficiency for information systems is important because the amount of information and the amount of users tends to grow over time, and the filtering and processing to create new data can depend on a lot of data. So what is needed for such an information systems language? First, that this language can specify the structure of the information to be collected, organized, stored, and communicated: a data model. Second, that this language can specify filtering and processing of data to create


In the wall of an oval pipe, additional lateral forces and moments of flexion occur under internal pressure loads. Thereby, the bending stresses reach the manifold of normal stresses in certain cross-sections and consequently are of decisive importance for the dimensioning of the pipe wall. The traditional calculation method for the moments of flexion provides only approximate values. The application of the partially plastic equation of flexion ― introduced in this essay instead of the eleastic one ― provides more precise values for the wanted moments of flexion in the checked cross-sections. The exploitation of the material to a fully plastic condition of flexion leads moreover to a smaller wall thickness of the flat-oval pipe


Abstract Purpose : Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) offers a potentially more sensitive assay for detecting cells expressing prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) mRNA in peripheral circulation. But the sensitivity and specificity are variable depending on the position of the PSA amplification. To increase sensitivity and specificity, the whole PSA cDNA (1466 bp) was separated into eight different parts.


A polarographic method has been studied as a way to determine 0.05 to 4% aluminum contained in ferrovanadium, ferrozirconium and ferrotitanium. According to this method, such elements as iron, titanium, zirconium, vanadium are extracted wholly in the form of cupferrate using benzene-ether mixture solution. The organic substances in the aqueous layer are decomposed with nitric and perchloric acids. Afterwards, aluminum is determined by the polarographic method in accordance with the measurement of the cathodic current of the pontachrome violet-aluminum complex compound as reported by Willard and Dean (6). It is to be noted that, in the case of a sample like B. S. S. No.61 femovanadium, however, we have to eliminate nickel and chromium previously by means of mercury cathode electrolysis, as the sample contains a large amount of these elements. Aluminum contained in Fe-V, Fe-Zr-Si and Fe-Ti were determined by this method. Aluminum was determined by dividing into two types, i.e., acid soluble form and acid insoluble form, for the purpose of metallurgical investigation of aluminum in ferroalloys. (Received May 17, 1962)


The results of numerical modeling of a steady viscous compressible §ow around The Earth descent module for Phobos-grunt interplanetary mission at Mach numbers 10 and 3 are presented.


As members of the helping professions, we are drawn to giving. We craft our careers around service to others. But what exactly do the classical texts of Yoga say about duty, giving, and service? Is this in conflict with the messages we receive from our modern world and the values it projects? This article contrasts the philosophies of Vedanta and Samkhya in an examination of the concept of dharma, or duty, and how it pertains to Yoga teachers, Yoga therapists, and other members of the helping professions. From a careful reading of core Yogic texts and reflection on the risks of codependency, this article offers suggestions for finding balance and maintaining a practice in accordance with the values of Yoga and its teaching of dharma, through appropriate self-care.


Abstract The exterior degree of a finite group G is the probability that a pair (x, y) of elements x, y chosen uniformly at random in G satisfies where is the operator of nonabelian exterior square and neutral element in The probability d(G) that two elements of G commute is related to Of course, d(G) = 1 iff G is abelian, but iff G is cyclic, so we detect cyclic groups when is close to 1. We present new numerical results for the exterior degree of finite simple groups.


We report a case of Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis presenting as a rare cause of worsening hyperglycaemia in a patient with Type 2 diabetes and discuss the difficulties in differentiating this disease from pancreatic cancer.


The main objective of this paper is to focus on the designing of helical antenna in the High Frequency (HF) range from 3 MHz to 30 MHz. Several parameters dimension and helical's profiles were studied in order to obtained a suitable resonance frequency. Among the helical antenna parameters that being studied were on its different forms that link to multiple diameters, radius ratio, and number of turns. The software used for the simulation is the CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) which is an analytical tool that provides an accurate 3D EM simulation results for high frequency design. The helical antenna was constructed, enables the comparison of results to be analyzed. From the design, the "return losses" were obtained


The effects of two flavones (baicalein, chrysin) and two flavonols (galangin, kaempferol) on induction of differentiation in a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-510) cell line were investigated in this study. Four compounds were found to be able to inhibit proliferation of KYSE-510 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory potency of them on the growth of KYSE-510 cells was in the order of galangin > chrysin > baicalein >kaempferol. The KYSE-510 cells treated with these compounds for 24 h showed differentiation characteristics including the differentiation-specific morphological changes, the augmentation of differentiation markers and the inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The potency of these compounds on induction of differentiation was similar to that of them on growth inhibition. To elucidate the possible mechanisms by which these compounds modulate proliferation and differentiation in KYSE-510 cells, the alterations of three genes (p21waf1, cyclin B1 and D1) related to proliferation and differentiation were investigated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the up-regulation of p21waf1 and down-regulation of cyclin B1 and D1 at the mRNA and protein levels in KYSE-510 cells treated with four compounds were observed, which implied that p21waf1, cyclin B1 and D1 might be target genes of these compounds in inducing differentiation.

 Key words: Flavones, flavonols, differentiation, esophageal cancer.


Wellingborough will be cheering on the world's finest female cyclists as the Women's Tour passes through the borough on Thursday 8 May.


The invention discloses protein related with the heat resistance of plants as well as an encoding gene and an application of the protein. The protein related with the heat resistance of the plants is the following (a) or (b): (a) protein consisting of amino acid sequences represented in sequence 1 in a sequence table; (b) protein formed by performing substitution and/or absence and/or addition of one or more amino acid residues on the amino acid sequences represented by the sequence 1, derived from the sequence 1 and related to the heat resistance of the plants. Experiments prove that after heat stress on transgenic plants, the content of malondialdehyde in plant blades and the relative electrical conductivity are obviously lower than those of receptor plants, which proves that the heat stability and the heat resistance of cell membranes of transgenic lines are enhanced. Thus it can be seen that the protein and the encoding gene of the protein have important theoretical and practical significance in cultivating wheat with enhanced heat resistance and other new varieties of plants and have wide application prospect.


Big Data means the large and the voluminous data collected from various resources. The data helps us in understanding lot many aspects of the particular field. Healthcare is one such field or area which produces huge number of data such as patient's profiles, disease, symptoms and so on. Data Analytics comes into the picture when we have to review, analyze and predict the data. The main objective of the Data Mining Techniques is to make smart decisions, consume less time and being more accurate. In this paper, we have used two different datasets: Pregnancy Diabetes Dataset and Breast Cancer Dataset. The Classification Algorithms like SVM and Random Forest for the top-level classification and Clustering Algorithms like Agglomerative, Gaussian Mixture Model, and Spectral Clustering for further processing. The efficient algorithm is identified by comparing the accuracy results of the different implemented clustering algorithms.


According to the features and demands of 3D modeling in flight visual simulation,using the powerful modeling function of Creator and the technology of optimization of 3D model database,including adjusting hierarchical structure of database,reducing modeling complexity and cutting down model file size etc,some typical models required in flight visual simulation,such as planes/missiles,cockpit instruments and terrains were created,and they were well balanced in complexity against fidelity,and some contrastive performance parameters of a certain flight simulation training system indicate the necessity of optimization of model database and feasibility of flight visual simulation on PC platform using such modeling technology.


Heart rate (HR) indicates the number of beats per minute (bpm) of the heart, while heart rate variability (HRV) indicates the temporal fluctuation of the intervals between adjacent beats (NN). HRV expresses neuro-cardiac activity and is generated by heart-brain interactions and dynamics related to the function of the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) and other components (body and ambient temperature, respiration, hormones, blood pressure). The flight activity, especially during training, provides for a prolonged state of alert of the student pilot, as well as careful management of the flight and simultaneous planning of the next steps, with attention to the unusual conditions and emergencies that may occur during all various stages. HRV can provide a good reference index for estimating the degree of evolution of the training process of student pilots and a valid tool for some indications of a physiological as well as clinical nature. To investigate this issue, we started a series of experiments, still ongoing, by coupling the flight task times of student pilots with changes in their HRV. Before each experimental session, the participating pilot student was equipped with five electrodes, three-channel Holter (ECG BIOMEDICAL, BI9100). For this purpose, we have defined three-time phases: ground flight operations (bfo), in-flight operations (dfo) and post-flight ground operations (afo). The HRV analysis was carried out using the time domain and frequency domain parameters. As regards the mean of the RR intervals in the dfo, an increase was observed in 29% of the sample, while a decrease was observed in the remaining 71%, compared to that in the bfo. The analysis of the data relating to very low frequencies (VLF), low frequencies (LF) and high frequencies (HF) in the sample highlighted the values indicated below. In dfo, an increase in VLF values in 18% of the sample and a decrease in 82% in the remaining 71% compared to what was observed in bfo. LF values in dfo increased in 29% of the sample and decreased in the remaining 71%, compared to bfo. Finally, the HF, in dfo increased in 29% and decreased in 71% of cases, compared to the values of the bfo. Additional significant differences were found between the cases in which the RR intervals decreased in the dfo compared to the bfo, and those in which the RR intervals increased in the dfo compared to the bfo. In conclusion, the observed data lead to reconsider some physiological correlates of the different components involved in the determinism of HRV of a subject who carries out intense psychophysical activity for a certain period. In fact, it is necessary to evaluate the role of the ANS, in its various divisions (parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric), as well as the activity of the baroreceptors, the respiratory cycle (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), the thermoregulatory and hormonal factors within the short and medium tasks term.


Background : Lafia, the state capital of Nasarawa State has a specialist hospital that serves the entire state and beyond. It is a referral centre for the primary health care centres and cottage hospitals, but is short of man-power to meet the health needs of the populace. There have never been any ophthalmologists employed to work in the Specialist Hospital, as such all eye problems were managed by either ophthalmic nurses or optometrists. Difficult cases were referred. Aim : To assess the problems of eye care delivery in Lafia. Method : Records of patients seen between 1999 to 2003 were retrieved; Information on Sex, Age, and History, physical and eye examinations, investigation, diagnosis and treatment given were reviewed. Results : A total of 5, 376 cases reviewed, 3,721 (69. 21%) were diagnosed with diseases of the anterior segment, while 273 (5.1%) were diagnosed with various diseases of the posterior segment. 1, 382 (25.71%) had other eye diseases that were not specific. Four thousand, one hundred and seventeen (78.58%) patients had treatment with traditional eye medicine before or after visiting the hospital. Conclusion : The absence of an ophthalmologist in this study has shown that due to inadequate knowledge of the diseases, proper management of cases was not done. Patients had to travel long distances to get adequate treatment even if it was an emergency. The problem of lack of ophthalmologist will remain with us for a long time. This might create a big vacuum that is filled in by other eye care providers who are not knowledgeable in providing eye care. Highland Medical Research Journal Vol. 4(1) 2006: 89-96


Muscle cells contain a membrane-spanning complex of proteins that are associated with dystrophin, which is a spectrin-related protein of the muscle membrane cytoskeleton (1). The members of this complex include membrane-spanning subunits, such as β-dystroglycan and the sarcoglycans, as well as strictly intracellular and extracellular components. As diagrammed in Fig. 1, the complex connects the cortical actin cytoskeleton (via dystrophin interactions) to the extracellular matrix (via interactions with laminin). Considerable work has focused on identifying the members of this complex and delineating the functions of the individual parts and the complex as a whole. Attention directed at this complex, and indeed the discovery of dystrophin (2), largely stems from the fact that the loss of dystrophin in humans results in loss of the entire protein complex shown in Fig. 1 and causes a progressive, lethal muscle-wasting disease, known as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Figure 1
Schematic representation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. The N-terminal, actin-binding domain of dystrophin in purple is associated with the cortical actin. The C-terminal domain associates with β-dystroglycan and with α- and β-syntrophin and dystrobrevin. nNOS is known to interact with the syntrophins as well as with caveolin.

Two papers in this issue of PNAS address unresolved issues concerning the function of dystrophin and the dystrophin-associated proteins. First, the paper by Wang et al. (3) evaluates the ability of dystrophin molecules that have large segments deleted to rescue skeletal muscles of the mouse model of DMD ( mdx mouse). The motivation for this study is to design a functional dystrophin molecule that can fit into the most promising vector for skeletal muscle-directed gene therapy, recombinant adeno-associated virus. However, this and other such studies also will help to elucidate the functional roles of the dystrophin domains. The paper by Sander et al. (4) focuses on another member of the …


Abrasion resistance petrography texture mineralogy correlation coefficient As a precursor to the determination of how petrography impacts abrasion resistance of igneous and metamorphic crystalline rocks, six different types of such rocks were tested for their petrographic characteristics and abrasion resistance. Further petrographic analysis was carried out with ImageJ. The petrography showed that the rock types contain quartz (ranging from 16 to 29%), plagioclase (21 to 36%), biotite (5 to 41%), microcline (0 to 41%) as major minerals. Texturally, lamprophyre and porphyritic biotite granite exhibited porphyritic texture. Other rock types exhibited medium to coarse textural characteristics. All the rock types exhibited micro-structures to varying degrees with charnockitic rocks displaying more varieties and quantities while gneiss and granite gneiss tend to possess fewer varieties and quantities. Lamprophyre possessed the highest abrasion resistance (Ha) of 34.40 while granite gneiss possessed the least value of 26.50. Quartz plus feldspar (Q+F) content (%) presented the highest correlation coefficient of 0.7206 with abrasion resistance. When the outlier was removed, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.9620. The mathematical model, Ha = -0.4006(Q+F) + 53.692, was derived for the relationship. A standard deviation of 0.94 was evaluated from relating the laboratory determined with estimated abrasion resistance values. The model is not reliable as all estimated values are not accommodated within the range 29.18 and 36.70 (mean ± 4*standard deviation). It was, however, discovered that grain interlock and texture have more influence on the abrasion resistance of rocks than mineral content and micro-structural characteristics.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Kweichow Maotai liquor(Maotai) on the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) in the hepatic fibrosis experimental rat.Methods:Seventy-nine male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group,Maotai liquor and carbon tetrachloride group,alcohol and carbon tetrachloride group,Maotai liquor group,alcohol group and carbon tetrachloride group.At the end of the fourth and eighth week,liver tissues were taken for morphologica analysis by HE and the stage of hepatic fibrosis was observed under light microscope.Blood samples were collected to measure serum transaminases(AST ALT) and ALB.Serum pro-collagenⅢN-terminal peptide(PⅢNP) and laminin(LN) were measured by the radio-immunity technique.TGF-β1 was determined with immunohistochemistry assay.Results: The differences of serum LN between Maotai liquor and carbon tetrachloride group and alcohol and carbon tetrachloride group were significant(P0.05).At the end of the eighth week,compared with carbon tetrachloride group,PⅢNP was markedly decreased in serum of the Maotai liquor and carbon tetrachloride group(P0.05).The serum LN,PⅢNP and the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad4 were significant(P0.05) between Maotai liquor group and alcohol group.Conclusion:The expression of TGF-β1 in the experimental rats does not significantly grow from the drinking of Maotai liquor,which shows that Maotai liquor can inhibit the formation and development of liver fibrosis.Compared with alcohol,Maotai liquor has the inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of serum homocysteine in patients with malignant tumor.Methods: Fasting serum samples from patients with malignant tumor in our hospital were selected for detection of serum homocysteine by Olympus AU 2700 analyzer.Results: The difference of serum homocysteine content between male and female had statistical significance(P0.01),higher in males than that in females,certain difference was also found among different ages.The difference of serum homocysteine levels between breast cancer group and control group had no statistical significance(P0.05).In comparison of control group and other groups,gastric cancer group was found P0.05,colorectal cancer was found 0.01P0.05,while other groups were all P0.01.Conclusion: Increase of homocysteine level in patients with lung cancer,liver cancer or colorectal cancer can be a reference indicator in diagnosis,curative effect observation and prognosis of the diseases.


Employees' informative necessities have not only to do with receiving objective information, but with how to communicate their enterprise's philosophy. Internal communication becomes then the ideal instrument to make know and understand the business purposes, while helping evolution towards the enterprise's culture. making sure that all of the organization's employees have already understood and made own the business mission. Besides, the new technologies have produced a fundamental change for workers in their way to communicate and to state relationships between one another. Through this research, intranet effectiveness has been proved in order to creating, accessing and distributing internal information, as well as to reinforce a corporative culture and knowledge management. In front of this new stage, communication in all directions (upward. downward, horizontal and transversal) becomes very important because it offers users not only to be information costumers, but also communication producers. Enterprises not only inform, but communicate.


This paper presents advanced methods of calculation and visualization in AC circuit analysis with the objective of replacing the computational drudgery by the focus on conceptual learning. These methods are designed using Object Oriented Programming (OOP) on the MATLAB platform. OOP methodology is used to specify phasors, perform mathematical and graphical algebraic operations, and visualize in phasor and time domain. Phasors are used as objects under a class definition. Using several methods and a set of user defined functions, the paper presents examples for solving a large gamut of problems like doing mesh and nodal analyses, Thevenin equivalents and power calculations and visualization of power in single and three phase circuits. The examples illustrate the simplicity and power of these methods. It is hoped that both the educators and learners will find them very useful in ac sinusoidal circuit analysis in the engineering education.


The main lesson that results from looking at Enterprise Architecture (EA) through the lens of classical architecture is that EA development should be executed in two sequential stages: an architectural stage followed by an engineering stage. The architectural stage begins with a general need and synthesizes distant to-be alternatives, one of which is chosen by the "client." This selected to-be architecture provides a stable specification for engineering development. The engineering stage begins with the chosen to-be architecture and produces an optimized to-be enterprise design along with a staged transition plan. The transition plan migrates between as-is and to-be enterprise design states (not architectures). A robust tobe architecture does not change during the EA life cycle. The enterprise engineering design changes in response to new technology and requirements creep. Staging EA development in this manner enables early management buy-in and reduces risk by providing stable intermediate milestones. While the architecture stage is low cost, its success demands quality execution and is best executed with special expert teams (Pavlak, 2005). ‐ In addition to the main lesson, private sector experience suggests that EA's greatest value to the enterprise will come from Information Technology (IT) enabling the elimination of unnecessary processes. High value process driven architecture should be initiated by the organization's strategic planning function.


Stereospecific hydrohalogenation reactions of electron-deficient alkynes,i.e.,2-alkynoic acids,2-alkynoates,2-propynamides,2-propynenitrile,1-alkynyl phosphonates/phosphine oxides,1-alkynyl sulfoxides/triflones,and 1-alkynyl iodonium salts with lithium or sodium halides to afford Z-alkenyl derivatives and their applications in synthesis of important intermediates as well as natural products were reviewed.


The subject of the article is the consideration about the dissociation of dependencies between labour taxation and the development of the welfare state. On the one hand, we are dealing with the emergence of various types of nonstandard work and forms of remuneration with reduced taxation. On the other hand – with an increase in entitlement to appropriate (in terms of type and amount) social benefits determined on the basis of general human and social rights and various rights not related to work and employment. There is no coordination between the two sides, as evidenced by successive reforms; both in the labour market and in social security systems. They were indicated in the text and their limited effectiveness was assessed in reconciling the new labor market with the desired scope of the welfare state, which covers its most expensive segments today: health care, education and old age security


This paper empirically extends the research on the relationships between organizational culture, new product development practices and product safety performance. Using Schein's conceptualization of culture, i.e., underlying assumptions, espoused values and artefacts, we build and test a model among five variables: top management commitment to safety (or safety first), group level product safety culture at NPD, concurrent engineering, design for safety, and product safety performance. We propose that underlying assumption of safety first affects espoused value (group level product safety culture at NPD) and artefacts of organizational culture (concurrent engineering and design for safety practices), espoused value influences artefacts, and artefacts impacts product safety performance. These propositions are largely confirmed by structural analyses of 255 survey responses collected from 126 firms in the juvenile product sector. We find that management commitment to safety, product safety culture and design...


This special section has 15 contributions focused on physical and biochemical processes in the root zone. Contributions stem from presentations at the 2016 Kirkham conference in Sede Boqer Campus, Israel. The root system plays a key role in water, nutrient, and gas transport processes in the vadose zone. Novel measurement and modeling tools are still needed to understand and manage root zone processes.


The paper presents the concept and technology of Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications implemented by military. The authors, having provided a brief review of cases of partial deployment of the technology in air and missile defence (AMD) systems, argue that when implemented as a system solution IoT may enhance the capability of the whole system. The air and missile defence system has been analytically divided into four subsystems, and with the use of conceptual approach each of them has been examined in terms how it may be strengthened by the implementation of IoT solutions, and how the latter may translate into the enhancement of the entire AMD system.


Leaky-forcing is a recently introduced variant of zero-forcing that has been studied for families of graphs including paths, cycles, wheels, grids, and trees. In this paper, we extend previous results on the leaky forcing number of the d-dimensional hypercube, Qd, to show that the (d − 2)-leaky forcing number of Qd is at most 2 . We also examine a question about the relationship between the size of a minimum l-leaky-forcing set and a minimum zero-forcing set for a graph G.


During the pandemic, the condition of frailty has discriminated against access to treatment paths, without favouring de-hospitalisation. Architecture has a duty to provide adequate responses to post-COVID housing needs. This proposal collects the results of research on residential models constituting interconnected ecosystem cells in smart neighbourhoods. The goal of the research is to verify the transition towards the smart city, exploiting techno-typological innovation to facilitate overcoming frailty at home. The main results include the evolution of the IDEAs prototype (Intelligent Domestic Ecosystem for an Ageing Society) as a housing model integrated by a system aimed at monitoring and supporting the daily life activities of the frail and elderly.


Activated carbon fibers have been prepared from conventional pitch-based carbon fibers by a catalytic activation method.The pore structures of the resulting activated carbon fibers before and after washing with dilute acid as well as of the activated carbon fibers with and without cobalt impregnation were analyzed,and the differences discussed.The electrochemical performance of the activated carbon fibers as electrodes in supercapacitors was characterized by galvanostatic measurements,cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrum analysis.The results showed that the surface of the carbon fibers activated by cobalt impregnation had more mesopores and macropores than those without cobalt impregnation.A more porous structure was also obtained by washing the fibers with dilute acid.The specific capacitance of activated carbon fibers washed with dilute acid and impregnated with cobalt was 197 F/g,some 50% higher than that of those without cobalt impregnation.At a current density of 1500 mA/g,the specific capacitance reached 163 F/g,and after 2000 DC charge/discharge cycles,the specific capacitance increased by 23%.


The four-wheel electric vehicle needs to take coordination control on four hub motors,with large loop current and high voltage.Also,the motor power suffers a large influence on driving cycles,it is crucial for designing safe and reliable electrical system.The paper carries out dynamic analyses of electric vehicle and driving motor analyses to build dynamical equation of vehicle driving,obtaining load current of vehicle speed,motor power,motor speed,motor torque and main circuit,also the matching relationship between voltages.Furthermore,the electric parameters of critical components in power loop system such as relay,fuse wire and contactor,even designed electrical system of four-wheel electric vehicle are calculated.The four-wheel electric vehicle that manufactured has succeed in passing test on urban roadways.The result indicates that this electric system is extremely well-designed to satisfy the electric need of our-wheel electric vehicle.It effectively guaranteed pilot run of electric vehicle.


The linkage between the strategic choice to franchise, consensus and organizational performance is empirically tested among top management teams (TMTs) in 44 hotels. The study results show that limits on managerial discretion imposed by franchising do direct the focus of strategic decision making. In achieving organizational performance, independent hotels focused more on reaching team consensus on core capabilities and franchised firms rely more upon team consensus on goals and means.


We propose a new projection-based algorithm for estimating the angles of arrival of plane waves incident onto arrays of sensors. The method is based on a single QR decomposition of the signal covariance matrix; hence, it is much faster than eigen-based methods which require many QR decompositions. It is shown that optimum performance is attained only if the columns of the covariance matrix are permuted in a prescribed manner before the QR decomposition proceeds. An adjunct to the angle of arrival estimation process is a new eigenvalue-free technique for estimating the number of incident signals. There is no performance penalty associated with either of these new methods. The real-time performance of this technique is enhanced through the use of systolic arrays. A novel systolic array structure is proposed for extracting both the Q and R matrices generated by the QR decomposition.


women who dipped into natural philosophy. Findlen also probes Erculiani's decision to publish her book in Krakow, discussing the intellectual connections between Padua and Poland and suggesting that Erculiani might have been trying to avoid running afoul of the Inquisition (unsuccessfully, if so). Letters on Natural Philosophy provides an exciting addition to early modern women's medico-scientific works available to an English-speaking audience. Hannah Marcus's skilful and highly readable translations make the difficult Italian and Latin texts accessible to English readers, and the book should be suitable for university students of all levels. While the introductory materials rightly situate Erculiani in her Italian context, her case also provokes questions about gender and female authorship in early modern Europe more broadly. For example, there are many parallels with the story of Oliva Sabuco, the daughter of a Spanish physician under whose name two philosophical works on medicine appeared in 1587 and who also ran into trouble with the Inquisition. This confluence raises complex questions about women's eagerness to make an intellectual contribution in early modern Europe and the power of religious authorities to silence them. The sixteenth-century fate of Letters on Natural Philosophy is hardly uplifting. Investigated by the Inquisition, Erculiani was forced to defend her book against suspicions of heresy. Although she does not appear to have been formally charged, she also did not publish again. Her book was never placed on the Catholic Church's Index of Condemned Books, but, as Caranci points out, this was likely because it was not viewed as influential enough to pose a threat. Nevertheless, the fact that Erculiani felt empowered to publish her Letters demonstrates the great energy among educated Italian women at the end of the Renaissance. Women writers who followed Erculiani, such as Moderata Fonte and Lucrezia Manella, echoed her views on women's intellect with more success. Although Erculiani was prevented from making a broader impact with her book, her work deserves to be known, and the combined efforts of Carinci, Findlen, and Marcus bring her story to modern English readers in magnificent detail.


Solar Physics![Figure][1]

A sunspot emerges at the solar surface

PHOTO: JOHN CHUMACK / SCIENCE SOURCE

Sunspots indicate magnetic flux emerging at the Sun's surface. Sunspots change over an 11-year time scale, which depends on the behavior of the probable magnetic dynamo within. Cameron et al. suggest that the flux revealed by sunspot activity is effectively driven by the magnetic field strength at the Sun's poles. Their mathematical reasoning explains why the polar field activity can predict the sunspot cycle.

Science , this issue p. [1333][2]

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1261470


Histopathologic features of 18 cases of composite ganglioneuroblastoma (CGNB) were studied with immunohistochemical staining techniques using antibodies against S‐100 protein (S‐100), ferritin (FER), and leukocytic common antigen (LCA). Cases of CGNB were divided on the basis of the morphologic features of neuroblastic elements into three prognostic subgroups: "Type A Intermixed," having individual microscopic nests of neuroblasts (N=4, 100% survival); "Type B Intermixed," having microscopic aggregates of multiple neuroblastic nests (N=6, 67% survival); and "Nodular," having grossly visible nodule(s) of neuroblastic proliferation (N=8, 0% survival). Survival rates are significantly different for the prognostic subgroups (P < 0.025). Each prognostic subgroup demonstrated an immunohistochemically distinct pattern of stromal cell composition in the neuroblastic elements: Type A Intermixed had numerous S‐100 cells and no FER cells, Type B Intermixed contained many S‐100 cells and a moderate number of FER cells, and Nodular had few S‐100 cells with many FER cells. The S‐100 and FER scores, determined by counting the positive cells through a line sampling method, differed significantly between these prognostic subgroups. Lymphocytic aggregations in tumor tissue evaluated by volumetric assessment with LCA staining, on the other hand, showed no contribution in predicting the outcome of the patients. There was also an inverse relationship between S‐100 and FER score, suggesting a relationship between the relative predominance of these stromal cell types, tumor histopathologic features, and the biologic behavior of CGNB.


China's ailing environment has been a subject of growing international scrutiny. The complexity and staggering scale of its environmental problems defies attempts to understand and model its entirety. However, this is the not the real challenge it brings. The point at issue is whether there exists a fit of the Western conceptual apparatus into the Chinese context. If not, what should be a viable alternative? This paper aims to answer the question from the perspective of environmental rights. Over the past five years, environmental protection in China has been increasingly linked to minsheng or people's wellbeing. The Hu-Wen government has attached great importance to basic environmental rights such as clean water to drink, fresh air to breathe and safe food to eat. However, the Chinese discourse of citizens' rights is different from that prevailing in the Western liberal democracies. Although there have been increased social spaces for civic action on the environment, the conscious depoliticization of environmental politics has turned green activism into the issues of "governance". Therefore, the government's appeal for citizen participation in environmental protection is to engage individuals in social programs instead of against its authority. The paper concludes with broader political implications of environmental rights to the development course of China.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2010. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisor: Dr. David O'Brien. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 131 pages, appendices A-E.


HYTE (Hyeonggaeyeongyotang Extract), a polyherbal formula has been used as folk medicine, 28days repeat oral dose toxicity was tested in SD rats according to KFDA Guideline[2005-60]. Methods : In this study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight and gains, food and water consumption, ophthalmologic observation, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight and histopathological observations were conducted during 28days of dosing periods. Results: 1. No HYTE treatment-related mortalities and clinical signs were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods. 2. No HYTE treatment-related changes on body weight, gains and food consumption were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which significantly increase of body weight, gains, food and water consumption were detected compared to that of vehicle control in some points. 3. No HYTE treatment-related changes on ophthalmologic examination were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 4. No HYTE treatment-related changes on urinalysis were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which, significantly increase of urine volume and related decrease on the urine specific gravity were detected as secondary effects of increase on the water consumptions not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 5. No HYTE treatment-related changes on hematology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for increases in the total WBC count and lymphocytes of 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups with decrease of large unstained cells as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 6. No HYTE treatment-related changes on serum biochemistry were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 7. No HYTE treatment-related changes on gross findings, organ weight and histopathology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups in which, spleen and thymus organ weights, hypertrophy at gross observation and hyperpalsia of lymphoid cells and follicles at histopathological observation in spleen and thymus were detected as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. Conclusions : Based on these results, the NOAEL and MTD of HYTE in SD rats were considered as over 2000mg/kg, respectively at 28days repeat oral dose toxicity test because most of these findings were considered as results of pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs or secondary effects.


A 42-year-old man presented with a 9-day history of fever (39°C), cough, odynophagia, myalgia, and dyspnea. His symptoms had worsened 2 days prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed mild respiratory distress—respiratory rate, 35 rpm; heart rate, 140 bpm; and blood oxygen saturation level without supplementary oxygen, 91%. Chest examination revealed reduced vesicular breath sounds in both lung bases. On admission, he had normal blood cell, platelet, and leukocyte counts; lymphopenia (lymphocyte count: 676/mm3); high C-reactive protein level (391.35 mg/L); normal hepatic and renal functions; and normal D-dimer, troponin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed spontaneous pneumomediastinum and bilateral ground-glass opacities (Figure 1A). He was diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen and received a 5-day regimen of methylprednisolone (40 mg/day), hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day), azithromycin (500 mg/day), and ceftriaxone (2 g/day). During hospitalization, he was weaned of oxygen support and discharged after 10 days. Chest CT on discharge revealed resorption of the pneumomediastinum (Figure 1B).


Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Qyo Yoruba Religion. J. LORAND MATORY. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. xviii + 295 pp., figures, photographs, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index.


In most instances a urethral stricture is a narrowing of the calibre of the urethra caused by the presence of a scar consequent on infection or injury. However, not all strictures are caused by scarring, if a scar is taken to mean only ®brosis. So-called congenital strictures of the bulbar urethra have a substantial smooth muscle content [1] and are thought to arise from failure of normal canalization rather than ®brotic restriction of a normal-calibre urethra [2]. There is also a difference between a partial constriction of the urethra caused by, e.g. in ̄ammation (in which the epithelial lining is retained) and a ®brotic obliteration between the distracted ends of a ruptured urethra. Thus not all strictures are the same.


Based on the present possessed experimental data of steels with their different major chemical composition, this article formularized the calculation of linear expansion coefficients of fine carbon steels and low alloy constitutional steels through a series of alternate analysis, generalized statistics, curve superimposition and mathematical modeling. Besides, the calculating formulas for corrosion and acid proof steels are also set up.


Integrating Directed Self Assembly (DSA) and Multiple Patterning (MP) is an attractive option for printing contact and via layers for sub-7nm process nodes. In the DSA-MP hybrid process, an optimized decomposition algorithm is required to perform the MP mask assignment while considering the DSA advantages and limitations. In this paper, we present an optimal Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for the simultaneous DSA grouping and MP decomposition problem for contacts and vias. Then we propose a heuristic and develop an efficient algorithm for solving the same problem. In comparison to the optimal ILP results, the proposed algorithm is 197x faster and results in 16.3% more violations. The proposed algorithm produces 56% fewer violations than the sequential approaches which perform DSA grouping followed by MP decomposition and vice versa.


disclosed herein an apparatus that microorganisms is inactivated. The apparatus includes a light transmitter and at least one lichtumwandelndes material which is arranged to convert at least a portion of the light from the light emitter. Each of the light emitter emitted and converted light emitted by the at least one light-converting material is mixed to form a combined light to form said combined light a proportion of the measured in a range from about 380 nm to about 420 nm spectral energy of comprises greater than about 20 percent. In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a light emitter configured for emitting light with wavelengths in a range of 380 to 420 nm, and at least one lichtumwandelndes material which contains at least one optical brightener and configured to emit a second light , The first light exiting the device, and the second light leaving the device, are mixed to form a combined light, the combined light is white.


Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic diseases characterized by functional cilia impairment. Patients with PCD would miss the opportunity to receive appropriate diagnosis due to various physical symptoms. In Japan, there has been no or few nation-wide survey of PCD. Method: To investigate the current status of patients with PCD in Japan, we conducted the first nation-wide survey of PCD for 1823 institutes in 2016, in collaboration with the Diffuse Lung Diseases Research Group from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Results: In this survey, questionnaire answers were obtained from 481 institutes (response rate; 26.4%). There were 51 institutes with the patients who were diagnosed as PCD. Overall, 116 cases were reported as patients with PCD and total 73 patients were followed by the institutes at the time of this survey. The diagnostic methods are transmission electron microscopy (76 cases), high-speed video analysis (17 cases), nasal nitric oxide measurement (16 cases), and others (24 cases). The numbers of the patients diagnosed by genetic analysis were 11 cases. Conclusions: This first nation-wide survey of PCD in Japan provided the basis for further analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with PCD by a second survey and establishment of appropriate diagnosis criteria in Japan.


This article introduces a series of reviews covering CD4 T-cell Subsets appearing in Volume 252 of Immunological Reviews. CD4 T-cell-mediated immune responses are instrumental to eliminate viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections or malignant cells through secretion of cytokines and activation and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. CD4 T cells also provide help for B cells to make antibodies. CD4 T-cell-mediated immunity can also involve aberrant recognition of autoantigens, leading to autoimmune diseases. CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in the control of autoimmunity, immune homeostasis, and immune responses to pathogens and tumor antigens. We now appreciate that several subsets of CD4 T cells exist that shape the adaptive immune responses. In the 1980s and 1990s, two seminal discoveries defined the biology of CD4 T-cell subsets: the concept of the T-helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 paradigm and the identification of CD4CD25 Tregs. Since the beginning of new millennium, immunologists have made great strides in our understanding of the immunobiology of CD4 T cells, and consequently more CD4 T-cell subsets have been identified, namely Th17, Th9, and Th22 cells. Together with the re-appreciation of follicular T-helper cells (Tfh) which were first observed in the 1970s, we now understand that the CD4 T-cell subsets play roles in adaptive immunity ranging from the clearance of pathogens and the control of autoimmunity to immune homeostasis and immune responses again tumors (Fig. 1). Herein, we introduce CD4 T-cell subsets and provide a snapshot of this volume of Immunological Reviews, which updates this rapidly advancing area of immunology that covers diverse aspects of CD4 T-cell subsets including molecular control of its development and lineage plasticity, function in immunological diseases, and clinical application.


Np73 (cid:2) , a dominant-negative inhibitor of p53 and p73, exhibits antiapoptotic and transforming activity in in vitro models and is often found to be upregulated in human cancers. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) protein levels in normal and cancer cells are poorly characterized. Here, we show that that I (cid:3) B kinase beta (IKK (cid:4) ) increases (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) protein stability independently of its ability to activate NF- (cid:3) B. IKK (cid:4) associates with and phosphorylates (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) at serine 422 (S422), leading to its accumulation in the nucleus, where it binds and represses several p53-regulated genes. S422A mutation in (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) abolished IKK (cid:4) -mediated stabilization and inhibition of p53-regulated gene expression. Inhibition of IKK (cid:4) activity by chemical inhibitors, overexpression of dominant-negative mutants, or gene silencing by siRNA also resulted in (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) destabilization, which under these conditions was rapidly translocated into the cytoplasm and degraded by a calpain-mediated mechanism. We also present evidence for the IKK (cid:4) and (cid:1) Np73 (cid:2) cross talk in cancer-derived cell lines and primary cancers. Our data unveil a new mechanism involved in the regulation of the p73 and p53 network.


Protected areas are fundamental for maintaining ecosystem functions and have generally been considered to affect land use change. Here, we explored how protected areas affected land cover volatility in China from 2011 to 2020 with LandTrendr using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform by comparing the difference in volatility of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in protected and unprotected areas. The results show that the regions with frequent land cover volatility are mainly located in eastern, central, and southwestern China, indicating that land cover volatility with high NDVI loss values is spatially aggregated in most cases. Considering the impact of protected areas, land cover volatility is relatively consistent inside and outside the protected area throughout the study period, showing a trend of first fluctuating and then rising. Approximately 22% of detected land cover volatility occurred in protected areas, though the average NDVI loss value (0.56) for protected areas was greater than unprotected areas (0.51). Combined with the outliers, land cover volatility accompanied by larger NDVI loss values is still primarily distributed in unprotected areas in most years. The detection of NDVI gain values in protected areas shows that protected areas (average value is 0.48) are larger than unprotected areas (average value is 0.47) almost every year, even combined with the outliers, and land cover volatility accompanied by larger NDVI gain values is also primarily distributed in protected areas in most years. Elucidating land cover volatility is helpful in understanding land cover changes and how to formulate an effective land use policy.


Balance function is one of injured functions needed rehabilitation after stroke. It is also the considerable signal of the restoration for motor function, which being thought highly in the field of rehabilitation. In some aspect, the restoration of balance function cannot be substituted by stance. The authors mainly discussed the mechanism and issues of balance training by which the balance function of stroke patients in chronic period improved, based on nerve compensative mechanism.


Shaanxi Regional Electric Power Group Co., Ltd (SPG) is a state owned regional power company and directly belongs to the People's Government of Shaanxi Province in China. In 1989 the former SPG was set up and began its main business of electricity distribution and retail, which was simultaneously along with worldwide electric market reform. As an independent distribution and retail company in China, SPG has got a 26-year development history. This paper presents SPG's main experience of power distribution and retail, in particular the organization framework and business operation mode, and discusses the challenges with the New Electricity Reform in China. These experiences may be valuable to new retail companies set up under the present electric reform in China and be comparable with distribution and retail companies abroad.


Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities. The sample of the study consisted of (413) Jordanian male and female unemployed faculty of education graduates in 2017. The researcher administrated the psychological pollution scale on the sample of the study, consisting in the final format of (37) items distributing on (4) domains. Validity and reliability for the scale were obtained. The results of the study indicated that level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities was high (M=3.48, SD=0.83). The results of the study indicated apparent differences on the total items of the psychological pollution scale among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities due to gender, in favor of males; due to marital status, in favor of singles, while no differences were found due to university and years of unemployment. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant difference (α=0.05) in students means scores on all the scale domains due to gender, in favor of males; due to marital status, in favor of singles, while no  statistically significant differences (α=0.05)  were found  on total psychological pollution scale domains due to university and years of unemployment. The study presented some recommendations.


S FROM IWOP-9 AND ISOP 57TH ANNUAL MEETINGS Getachew, F. E. & Gedamu, L. Iron Speroxide dismutase (FeSODA) of Leishmania donovani is targeted to the mitochondria via the N-terminal pre-sequence: role of positively charged amino acid residues. PO27. Hajduk, S. L., Shiflett, A. M., Faulkner, S. D. & Cotlin, L. F. African trypanosomes: Intracellular trafficking of host defense molecules. S5. Marcello, L. & Barry, L. Trypanosoma antigenic variation. S3. Maslov, D. A., Xu, X., Westenberger, V. A., Yurchenko, V. A., Lukes, J., Surm, N. R. & Campbell, D. A. Discovery and bar coding of new species of trypanosomatidae by the analysis of spliced leader RNA gene sequences in environmental samples. PL73. S170 J. EUKARYOT. MICROBIOL., VOL. 53, NO. S1, 2006


Abstract: Depending on whether creativity is studied by an economist, a sociologist, a psychologist, or some other social scientist, different terms—such as innovation or entrepreneurship‐are used to describe it. Therefore it is difficult to have a clear idea of what the boundaries of creativity research are, and what belongs to it. In this article a conceptual matrix is used to create a typology for creativity research, and it is applied to a sample of dissertations abstracts written in the last year for which complete documentation was available. The goals of the article are: (a) to provide a useful model for classifying studies in the field of creativity; (b) to provide an example of systematic library research on the topic; and (c) to show what the biases of different disciplines that study creativity are in terms of goals, methods, and perspectives.


Leisure counselling is a fresh and, as yet, relatively underdeveloped, therapeutic approach to a range of emotional stressors, with work‐stress prominent amongst them. Having identified a triad of approach strategies: distraction, anticipation and confrontation, this study seeks to root them theoretically and practically within cognitive‐behavioural, psychodynamic, role‐adaptive and humanistic research findings.


A gear is a rotating machine part having teeth or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque. In this project a defect existing in a planner machine is identified and new methods were used to reduce the effects of the existing defect. In the existing planner mechanism force required for the movement of the rack and pinion mechanism of the planner is transmitted through a shaft connected to the pinion. Thus when the cutting forces reach above a particular value the tooth of the spur gear gets broken. In order to rectify this defect a new mechanism using two bevel gears placed at right angles is used to transmit forces to the pinion and both the mechanisms are compared using Ansys 17.0 to evaluate the improvements in performance. Then the material of the modified design is optimized by comparing the performances of three different materials such as Grey cast iron, Stainless steel and AISI 4140.


tion de sa forme finale" (pp. 339-360). H. H. Schmid ends the volume by summarizing distinct traditions in order to provide an outline for a pentateuchal theology in "Vers une theologie du Pentateuque" (pp. 361-386). Given the chaos that has dominated pentateuchal studies for the past decade or more, readers will find this to be a helpful volume at least with regard to German and Swiss scholarship. The individual articles are too short to be convincing demonstrations of method in their own right. Nevertheless, in most cases, they represent much larger bodies of ~esearch and, as such, they provide helpful summaries of emerging schools of thought with regard to the formation of the Pentateuch. At least four schools of thought come into focus from these essays. First, Seebass advocates a classic source-critical model. Second, the essay by Zenger is particularly noteworthy since he seeks to contrast his own modified sourcecritical hypothesis with a third emerging school of thought represented by Rendtorff, Blum, and Criisemann (the Heidelberg School). Over against these three positions, one can discern yet a fourth school of thought represented by Schmid and Rose who advocate a post-deuteronomistic Yahwist in the Tetrateuch as a supplement to the DtrG, which is reminiscent of the work of J. Van Seters. The final word on the Pentateuch has certainly not yet been spoken, but readers will find this a helpful road map through the present debate.


with pervasive deployment of the Internet protocol (IP) technology in corporate networks, IP-based VPNs, in several forms and based on different network technologies, have become a promising solution for a wide range of corporate network services. An IP VPN represents a "VPN implementation that uses public or shared IP network resources to emulate the characteristics of an IP-based private network" (European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications (EURESCOM), 2002, p.14). IP VPNs complement the infrastructure of corporate widearea networks (WANs) with solutions for heterogeneous requirements of virtual organizations including remote access (e.g., telecommuters, mobile users), intranet


Interactive visualization is an innovative way of presenting architectural projects, while at the same time using virtual reality systems. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal real-time rendering techniques of photorealistic images. This article is devoted to the main principles of forming physically based images and the features of rendering techniques. Comparative analysis was used to examine visualization time of images obtained by various rendering techniques. In the course of the experiment we revealed that the Image-based lighting technique together with the other methods are the best effective tools. The analysis suggests that the identified method is suitable for rendering, including physically based visualization of the architectural environment in real time and real scale and will be used for further research and software development for interactive prototyping of the architectural environment with the use of virtual reality systems.


This article designs a cross-border e-commerce website system based on computer big data method research. The system uses spring + spring + mybatis as the development framework, uses MySQL 5.7 database, Tomcat 7.0 server, and Redis caching technology to realize the interconnection between users and merchants, providing a prototype reference for the design and development of cross-border shopping platforms.


Corporate governance refers to an interrelated set of systems through which corporations are directed and controlled. These systems can be characterized as operating at multiple levels of analysis (e.g., individual, organization, country). Thus, by their very nature, corporate governance systems are complex, nested and polycentric. The objective of this symposium is to explore the theoretical implications of complexity, nestedness and polycentricty as a promising direction of research on corporate governance. In particular this symposium will discuss how consideration of these conditions can inform and deepen our debates on three central meta- questions in this field of work: To what extent are corporate governance systems converging? To what extent are corporate governance systems underpinned by efficiency or legitimacy considerations? How can corporate governance systems simultaneously accommodate multiple institutional logics? In an integrated, interactive, and debate oriented format several leading sc...


Galliform birds have a rather generalized hind limb skeleton without extreme modification or reductions in their long bones in spite of exhibiting various types of adaptations for locomotion. The aim of the present study is to test the relationship between the adaptations and the morphology of the proximal and middle segment bones of the pelvic limb in Galliform birds turkey, guinea fowl, chicken and quail. The eight femur and tibia each from adult males of each species were collected. The diameters and functional lengths of the bones were measured and three functional indices were built viz., Gluteal index (GI), Femur robust index (FRI) and tibia robust index (TRI) were analyzed for the relationship between adaptation and morphology. All the indices were high in turkey, followed by guinea fowl and chicken and the quail showed the least value. The increased GI from turkey is related to accommodate the well-developed gluteus medius muscle which increases mechanical efficiency for speed. The FRI were robust in turkey and guinea fowl than chicken and quail which indicated that more area was provided for well–developed muscle on hip and thigh in turkey and guinea fowl which help in the great mean moments and high speed locomotion. The increased TRI in turkey and guinea fowl is related to strong support and propulsion of the body mass during locomotion. It is concluded that the turkey and guinea fowl have better adapted for the speed locomotion than chicken and quail.


A method and system for distributing a flow among multiple processors is presented. This flow may be received from an external source, such as a network by a front / end processor for recognizing and processing the request / flow by identifying at least one of the internal applications processor and the flow-related request. The front end processor by using the flow scheduling vector associated with the identified application processor (s), and the flow scheduling vectors from the application processor (s), which may include a CPU utilization, memory usage, packet loss, and the queue length or the buffer occupancy in may be based on internal data. In some embodiments, the application processors in the application processor may be understood as belonging to the group, wherein the groups may be the same implementation. Flow schedule vector may be calculated for different applications processor group. In some embodiments, the control processor will collect within the application data, and calculating the flow scheduling vectors, and can pass this scheduling vector to the front end processor.


Abstract. This study characterizes the size and shape distributions of 10 µm to 6 mm diameter particles observed during six penetrations of wildfire-induced
pyroconvection near Boise, Idaho, USA, by a research aircraft over the period
29–30 August 2016. In situ measurements by the aircraft include winds,
atmospheric state, and bulk water content and particle concentration, size, and
shape. These observations are complemented by data from airborne and
ground-based radars. One of the penetrations is through a subsaturated
smoke–ash plume with negligible cloud liquid water content that is
characterized by an updraft of almost 36 m s−1. The size distribution
of number concentration is very similar to that documented previously for a
smoke plume from a prescribed fire, and particle shapes exhibit qualitative
and quantitative attributes comparable to ash particles created in a burn
chamber. Particles sampled during this penetration are most likely
pyrometeors composed of ash. Pyrocumulus clouds are probed in the other
penetrations where values of relative humidity and cloud liquid water
content are larger, but updrafts are weaker. Compared to the smoke-plume
penetration, size distributions are mostly characterized by larger
concentration, and particle shapes exhibit a higher degree of circular
symmetry. Particle composition in these pyrocumulus penetrations is most
likely a combination of hydrometeors (ice particles) and pyrometeors (ash).


The conscious sedation on pedodontic shows a supplementary advantage oppossiste to the control of the anxiety, increasing the collaboration of the children and making easy the treatment with a minimun risk for the patient. We checked the most used drugs, emphasizing those pharmacological aspects of main importance in their clinical use.


textabstractAdopted in 2000, the Racial Equality Directive is a new-age human rights instrument whose enforcement mechanism is directly rooted in the national sphere through equality bodies and judicial oversight culminating in preliminary referrals to the European Court of Justice. It is supported by procedural tools that member states were either obliged to introduce in their domestic legal regimes or opted to provide themselves, such as actio popularis standing of nongovernmental organisations. In the context of the changing political realities at the European level and the shortcomings of the individual justice model under the European Convention on Human Rights, this article looks at the procedural and substantive legal implications of actio popularis claims from four angles: (i) to establish what the added value of actio popularis standing may be in the context of effective protection against discrimination; (ii) to investigate what consequences actio popularis could have in relation to remedies; (iii) to demonstrate that actio popularis is especially important in relation to remedying structural discrimination, first and foremost in public education; and (iv) to analyse how actio popularis in public education operates in Hungary. It seeks to demonstrate through Hungarian case law that actio popularis claims are capable of addressing structural discrimination in civil law and that they are able to secure structural remedies. It argues that actio popularis standing also has implications for sanctions, ultimately determining the speed of European integration in public education.


This article proposes an enlarged polygon (ELP) method to equivalently describe the polygonal no-fly zone (PNFZ) constraints for entry trajectory optimization problem. The ELP method starts from the geometric relationship between the aircraft's position and a convex polygon. Then, the equivalent geometric condition describing PNFZ constraints is found. Finally, we give an ELP condition to describe PNFZ constraints. By using ELP method, there is no need for integer variables. Simulations in different scenarios show the feasibility and validity of ELP method.


At present Chinese financial supervision system is business segregation,supervision segregation,this system has many problems because of the change of economic condition,for example the challenge of open policy,financial development,and we can develop our country's financial supervision by learning foreign experience.


This paper looked into the language used in the advertisement of anti-aging cream based on a discursive psychology approach. The language used in the advertisement mainly raises the women's interest, especially when they hear the word "anti-aging" to resist aging skin, although the old may not be manipulated. This discursive research psychology is the approach used to give an understanding of the discourse phenomenon to show the contribution of creating women's social activity for their lifestyle. The language used in the online advertising course was the research data in this research. The data collection is based on the language used in online advertising discourse based on five kinds of cosmetics advertisement and 12 carrier women with 30-45 years old who lived in Jakarta. The qualitative descriptive is used to explain the phenomenon and social phenomena related to advertisement discourse and women's needs; then, the data were analyzed based on the interview. This research finding shows that, firstly, the advertisement's implicit meaning encourages and drives customers' psychology to try cosmetics. Secondly, the advertisement language's explicit meaning is propagated and seems exaggerated. Thirdly, the advertisement language encourages customers to buy the product due to the social relation and lifestyle.


To date, research on the effects of forest defoliator outbreaks and pesticide applications to suppress these outbreaks on non-target forest arthropods has generally focused on non-target Lepidoptera and has not examined effects on regional diversity. In this study, we assessed the effects of forest defoliation by gypsy moths and application of the microbial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) to suppress gypsy moth populations on the species richness and (Shannon index) diversity of beetles in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. In addition, we examined how these disturbances affected overall beetle abundance and abundances within different feeding guilds (herbivore, predator, fungivore, or xylophage). Three years after a gypsy moth outbreak, beetles were sampled four times throughout spring and summer at 15 sites belonging to one of three disturbance histories: undisturbed, defoliated, or sprayed with Btk. Beetles were captured using blacklight traps and then sorted to family and morphos...


The "/?-adic analytic number theory" alluded to in the title of my article is in a very beginning state: [4], [6], [2]. In different contexts, and from different points of view, p-adic analytic number theory has been the subject of much recent work : "the /7-adic analytic number theory of totally real number fields" has been developed by Serre [10], using work of Siegel, and more recently by Katz, and Deligne-Ribet; "of quadratic imaginary number fields" : by Katz, and Manin; "of modular forms of weight k ^ 2 for the full modular group" : by Manin [3]; "of Eichler cohomology classes associated to certain arithmetic groups" : being presently worked on by V. Miller. One exciting aspect of this emerging theory is its sheer difficulty : for example, no matter which elliptic curve E/Q you choose (e.g., y + y = x + x)9 its /?-adic analytic number theory is hard to get to know intimately for most primes p9 either conceptually or computationally. Nevertheless, for the jacobian of the modular curve XQ(N)/Q, there are certain special primes where things are under better control, and for which a more precise picture is beginning to come into view. One obtains a number of by-products of this picture which are of independent diophantine interest. Notably, as we shall discuss below, one can prove Mordell's conjecture for the curves XQ(N) for prime N over Q. For general prime numbers N the "Mordell conjecture" is proven in a bleakly indeterminate form; Ogg and I have been working with (and sharpening) the result, however, and have obtained an actu-


Oriented lamellar nanocomposites formed of alternating organic and inorganic layers were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly and studied by small-angle X-ray scattering in symmetrical and asymmetrical reflection. Analytical expressions were used for a quantitative fit of the experimental data. The fitting procedure leads to a comprehensive characterization of the lamellar two-phase system in terms of the average thicknesses of the lamellae, the average period and the corresponding variances, using both the stacking model and the lattice model. Furthermore, the width of the domain boundary and the preferred orientation were determined. No significant differences could be found between the parameters obtained for the two models, but the lattice model leads to a better curve fitting. The effects of finite stack height and of instrumental broadening were found to be indistinguishable.


Introduction Red cell antigens are inherited variations in red cell membrane proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids which are detected by alloantibodies which occur either 'naturally' as a result of environmental antigens, primarily microbial, or as a result of exposure to allogeneic ('foreign') red cells. ABO was the first discovered, but represents a special case because antibodies are almost invariably present, and directly agglutinate RBC. Other blood groups were identified only as a result of the presence of direct agglutinins (IgM antibodies) until the antiglobulin test became available to detect IgG antibodies, which are not normally direct agglutinins. These latter antibodies were discovered in the blood of transfusion recipients or previously pregnant women with haemolytic disease of the newborn. Almost all antibodies can now be assigned to one of 26 recognized blood group systems (Daniels et a1 2001). Most blood group antigens are synthesised by the red cell, but some are adsorbed from the plasma (Lewis; Chido; Rodgers). Some e.g. Rh, are expressed only on red cells, whereas others (e.g. ABO) are expressed on all cells. Biochemical and genetic analysis of blood group antigens has identified 2 main types protein determinants, which are the primary products of blood group genes; and carbohydrate (sugar) determinants present on glycoproteins or glycolipids under the control of genes producing transferase enzymes. Some antigens are defined by the amino acid sequence of a protein but antigen recognition depends on glycosylation (Daniels 1995; Reid 8c LomasFrancis 1996). The immune response to carbohydrate determinants differs from that to protein determinants, and to some extent this determines the clinical significance of alloantibodies (see later). The molecular structure of almost all the major blood group systems has now been elucidated, and the basis of immunogenicity is being better understood. So far, studies of blood group alloimmunity have been restricted almost entirely to antibody interactions with antigen i.e. B cell antigenic determinants, and little is understood about the epitopes which are specific for helper T cells. Cellular basis of the humoral immune response The immune system consists of B cells, T cells, and antigen presenting cells (APC, primarily dendritic cells) which act in a cooperative manner to respond to and eliminate foreign antigens considered to be dangerous to the recipient. Humoral immunity is characterised by the production of antibodies by plasma cells (B cells). The immune response is initiated by nonspecific uptake of antigen by antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissue such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The hnction of APC is to internalise exogenous, foreign proteins, to cleave them into short peptides (10-30 amino acids) in the phagolysosome (antigen processing) and then load these peptides onto MHC class I1 molecules (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP). MHC class I1 is only expressed on 'professional' antigen presenting cells. The MHC-peptide complexes are exported to the surface of the APC where they can interact with the appropriate T cell receptors on the surface of CD4+ helper T cells (Abbas, Lichtman & Pober 2000). The binding of peptides to MHC class I1 depends on the 'fit' between the peptide and the peptide-binding groove of the HLA allele formed by association of the alpha and beta chains. The precise topology of each HLA molecule is different, so each has a particular range of peptides, which is preferentially bound. On the other hand, individual peptides are capable of


The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of online customer review on online booking intention in milenial use online travel agent B2C in Indonesia. A total of 200 respondents were using probability sampling. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect data from respondents. The analisis technique used is a verification technique using of SEM. The research shows that online customer review has an influence on online booking intention.


ABSTRACT Background: Recently, we critically evaluated the claim from the PACE trial that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) can lead to recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We showed that the trial's definition of recovery was so loose it failed to capture the term's core meaning. Also, this definition was substantially loosened very late in the trial, in ways that favoured the study hypotheses. The investigators do not acknowledge any of these criticisms and stand by their original analyses. Purpose: To examine the arguments advanced in defence of PACE's recovery claims. Methods: Drawing on various sources of evidence, we consider three major arguments raised in defence of PACE's recovery claims: (1) that since there is no agreed definition of recovery, it comes down to a matter of opinion; (2) that the original definition was 'too stringent'; and (3) the revised definition generates results that align with previous studies. Results: We find that: (1) 'recovery' is a strong claim, which implies evidence a return to health, and that the trial's final definition did not preserve this core meaning; (2) there is no evidence to suggest that the original protocol-specified definition was 'too stringent'; (3) absolute recovery rates from other studies are not a legitimate source of support for the recovery definition used. Conclusions: The PACE trial provides no evidence that CBT and GET can lead to recovery from CFS. The recovery claims made in the PACE trial are therefore misleading for patients and clinicians.


Recent trends in the semiconductor industry such as the widespread use of C4, ever increasing demands for testing more chips in parallel, and faster edge rates, have conspired to present major challenges to currently available probe card technologies. This paper describes a new probe card technology, its characteristics, and how it successfully addresses these challenges.


We define Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson (CSM) cycles of an arbitrary matroid. These are balanced weighted fans supported on the skeleta of the corresponding Bergman fan. In the case that the matroid arises from a complex hyperplane arrangement A , we show that these cycles represent the CSM class of the complement of A . We also prove that for any matroid, the degrees of its CSM cycles are given by the coefficients of (a shift of) the reduced characteristic polynomial, and that CSM cycles are valuations under matroid polytope subdivisions.


Although much more purely descriptive than Hodnett's study, the chapter by Morris is to be commended for its breadth of perspective and coverage of all the relevant aspects of the data analyzed, and for sobriety of interpretation and style. It also contains interesting factual and comparative nuggets, such as the observation that the role of Guinea, Ghana, and Mali at the Twenty-second Congress bears a significant similarity to the association of the Kuomintang with the Comintern during the 1920s. Morris's not uncritical but qualifiedly positive evaluation of Khrushchev's policy line contrasts sharply with the more negative evaluation of the ebullient Nikita presented, in different contexts, by Conquest, Blake, and Hazard. Conquest, in particular, appears to be concerned lest his readers be "taken in" by Khrushchev's image-building efforts, as well as those of his successors. In this reviewer's opinion, the at times highly colored and occasionally even abusive language used by Conquest may have the effect of irritating rather than convincing a sophisticated reader. Blake's brilliantly written chapter is perhaps most useful for its sensitive rendering of nuances of politically relevant sentiments of Soviet writers. This reviewer recommends Politics in the Soviet Union as useful, for reference and for varied and stimulating interpretations, both to experts and to undergraduate and graduate students. As a pedagogical tool, however, it has been superseded by other books, some by a single author and some of a collective type with greater unity of content, structure, and perspective.


why precisely in 399, when his conduct had been virtually unchanged for forty years. I. F. Stone's lively and provocative book, virtually ignored by B. and S., tackles (i), and should be set on every reading list as a counterblast. B. and S. answer (ii) with the tame suggestion that 'it is possible that the prosecutors charged Socrates when they did (and not earlier or later) because they felt that the King-Archon would forward their charge without resistance' (p. 123). If the political background, however, were acknowledged it could well be argued that Anytus saw Socrates as a threat to the restoration of the democracy, since a stance that could be tolerated in Athens' hey-day might well shake the fragile democratic structure rebuilt after the expulsion of the Thirty. Socrates' views on government as some kind of techne, his public and embarrassing interrogation of politicians, his denigrating remarks against Great Men of the people, the company he attracted, his Spartan sympathies, his refusal to leave Athens with the democrats all are relevant to the situation post404 B.C. And how could Socrates be any kind of moral guide if he was a-political? What awkward questions could he be putting to senior statesmen that were not related to running the state? Yet concerned criticism of the home government is still compatible with the refusal (in the Crito) to consider living elsewhere.


Mountain glaciers have a delayed response to climate change and are expected to continue to melt long after greenhouse gas emissions have stopped, with consequences both for sea-level rise and water resources. In this contribution, we use the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) to compute global glacier volume and runoff changes until the year 2300 under a suite of stylized greenhouse gas emission characterized by (i) the year at which anthropogenic emissions culminate, (ii) their reduction rates after peak emissions and (iii) whether they lead to a long-term global temperature stabilization or decline. We show that even under scenarios that achieve the Paris Agreement goal of holding global-mean temperature below 2 °C, glacier contribution to sea-level rise will continue well beyond 2100. Because of this delayed response, the year of peak emissions (i.e. the timing of mitigation action) has a stronger influence on mit-term global glacier change than other emission scenario characteristics, while long-term change is dependent on all factors. We also discuss the impact of early climate mitigation on regional glacier change and the consequences for glacier runoff, both short-term (where some basins are expected to experience an increase of glacier runoff) and long-term (where all regions are expecting a net-zero or even negative glacier contribution to total runoff), underlining the importance of mountain glaciers for regional water availability at all timescales.


Colleges development demand leading cadres to strengthen overall consciousness.This article discusses that leading qualities of leading cadres of colleges must possess.The approaches of achieving overall viewpoint of leading cadres are pointed out in this article.


Bloch and Okounkov's correlation function on the infinite wedge space has connections to Gromov-Witten theory, Hilbert schemes, symmetric groups, and certain character functions of ĝl ∞ modules of level one. Recent works have calculated these character functions for higher levels for ĝl ∞ and its Lie subalgebras of classical type. Here we obtain these functions for the subalgebra of type D of half-integral levels and as a byproduct, obtain q-dimension formulas for integral modules of type D at half-integral level.


Potential output estimation plays a crucial role in conducting fiscal policy based on structural balances. Difficulties in estimating potential output could lead to an erroneous policy stance with a consequent impact on growth. This paper analyzes historical data on revisions ofactual and potential growth in the European Union and the implication of these revisions for the measurement of fiscal effort using the cyclically-adjusted primary balance (CAPB). It finds that revisions in output gap estimates were large, at almost 1½ percent of potential GDP on average. Revisions in potential GDP also contributed significantly to revisions in the estimated CAPB, especially during the crisis years. Given these findings and historical correlations, it proposes an indicative rule of thumb for reducing errors in the measurement of fiscal effort by factoring in that about 30 percent of revisions in actual growth capturechanges in potential growth. In other words, the standard advice of "letting automatic stabilizers operate fully" in response to a positive/negative growth shocks likely implies a strengthening/weakening of the structural position.


Entrepreneurs crime become an increasingly prominent phenomenon in our social development. How to reduce and prevent this crime is a socio-economic problem which need to be solved urgently. Based on the framework of game theory, this paper want to analysis mechanisms of curbing entrepreneurs crime and put forward corresponding countermeasures.


To adopt the methods of the finite element and consult the expressions of the revolving hollow ellipsoid model of tank, the simulate calculation to the magnetic field around a tank is proposed.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy, one of the alternative therapy, on the release of mental and physical discomfort that women in perimenopause have suffered, and carried out from August 5 to August 30, 2013. The participants were randomly allocated to receive the back massage by professionals twice a week, total of eight times. an Aroma oil and carrier oil were applied to the experimental group (n=12) and the control group (n=12), respectively. The brain-wave was measured at pre-experiment and post-experiment of the back massage. There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in the homogeneity test of general factors and brain-wave. But, there was significant difference between pre-experiment and post-experiment in the levels of perimenopause symptoms and sleep symptoms. The brain wave transition of emotional quotient, attention index and stress showed a significant change between pre-experiment and post-experiment measuring. These experiments showed that the aromatherapy is very effective in reducing mental and physical discomfort and promoting health of perimenopause women.


Inotropic variations induced by bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) under different conditions of the autonomic nervous system were studied in dogs anesthetized with morphine and sodium pentobarbital and submitted to cardiac pacing. Maximal velocity of contraction (V max TP) was utilized for evaluation of the myocardial contractile state. The animals were divided into four groups: eight control dogs, ten dogs submitted to vagal blockade with atropine, ten animals submitted to beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and ten dogs with double autonomic blockade. They presented significant elevations of the systolic and the diastolic aortic pressures and left ventricular and diastolic pressure during BCO. Following carotid occlusion, the V max TP rose in control (2.95 ± 0.16 to 3.27 ± 0.23 L/s; P < 0.01) and in vagal blocked (3.12 ± 0.15 to 3.61 ± 0.26 L/s; p < 0.01) animals. In beta blocked animals, the values of the index decreased during BCO (2.38 ± 0.10 to 2.09 ± 0.11 L/s; p < 0.001) and in the dogs submitted to double autonomic block there was no modification of the V max TP (2.59 ± 0.07 to 2.61 ± 0.08 L/s). It is concluded that the variations of V max TP in control and vagal blocked animals reflect the inotropic improvement due to sympathelic hyperactivity. It was supposed that the impairment of the contractile state found in animals treated with propranolol was caused by myocardial hypoxia secondary to alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction while the administration of atropine permitted adequate accommodation of the coronary circulation in dogs submitted to double autonomic blockade. Hence, in the last group of animals, there was no variation of the V max TP. max


Description The human genome contains a domesticated viral envelope gene with antiviral activity Sequencing the human genome delivered the surprising finding that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and other genomic parasites dominate the genetic code. Perhaps more surprising was the discovery that this "junk" DNA does not merely contain the scars from millions of years of (ongoing) coevolution of genomes and transposable elements. Instead, the human genome contains numerous genes and regulatory sequences that were once part of replicating transposable elements, particularly ERVs, but have been "domesticated" by the host genome—once viral, now human (1, 2). Less is known about the cost of using part of a virus's genome to execute critical organismal functions. On page 422 of this issue, Frank et al. (3) uncover hundreds of transcribed retroviral envelope genes that are primed for co-option. They demonstrate that a domesticated envelope gene called Suppressyn restricts viral infections when expressed in trophoblasts of the human placenta, a tissue where another domesticated envelope gene promotes the fusion of cells required for placental function.


The article is a reflection of dogmatic of civil law and civil procedure law, with special focus on analytics jurisprudence of TRF-1, using speech analysis method. The cnj recognizes that the agrarian conflict has peculiarities that require the sensibility of the magistrates to the specifics of this type of dispute. This is the basis of the need for analysis of the fulfillment of the social function as a prerequisite for the granting of guardianship possessory, despite the lack of an express provision in this regard. It was possible to prove that the courts have indeed done this type of examination, but only when its result is favorable to the owner. It is concluded that amplification of the role of social function in the analysis of the worthiness of possessory guardianship materializes the distinctive look that CNJ hopes that agrarian judge should have, making possible the fair resolution of land conflicts.


To the Editor:— Several years ago it was noted that in repairing facial wounds, especially those that were irregular and beveled, accurate approximation with minimal scarring could be obtained if sutures including the smallest portion of skin edge were used. These sutures frequently rub off leaving no residuum, and the results are superior to the subcuticular stitch in common use. Halsted ( J. A. M. A. 60 :1119 [April 12] 1913) used this method in 1913 in dogs and referred to it as "the epithelial stitch." When this method is employed it is customary to use a layer of interrupted silk or absorbable surgical sutures in the subcutaneous tissue to relieve the skin edges of tension. After this a layer of interrupted or continuous fine silk is used on the skin and only the smallest portion of the edge of the epithelium is included in the stitch. Since there is no


There are many ways of modeling the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) and the related Precedence Constrained ATSP (PCATSP). In this paper we present new formulations for the two problems that result from combining precedence variable based formulations with network flow based formulations. The motivation for this work is a property of the so‐called GDDL inequalities (Gouveia and Pesneau, Networks 48, 77–89, 2006), the "disjoint sub‐paths" property, that is explored to create formulations that combine two (or more) disjoint path network flow based formulations. Several sets of projected inequalities, in the space of the arc and precedence variables, and in the spirit of many inequalities presented in Gouveia and Pesneau (Networks 48, 77–89, 2006), are obtained by projecting these network flow based formulations. Computational results are given for the PCATSP and the ATSP to evaluate the quality of the new inequalities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 71(4), 451–465 2018


CLEAR (Cross-Layer Exploration for Architecting Resilience) is a first of its kind framework which overcomes a major challenge in the design of digital systems that are resilient to hardware errors: achieve desired resilience targets at low cost (energy, power, execution time, area) by combining resilience techniques across various layers of the system stack (circuit, logic, architecture, software, algorithm). CLEAR automatically and systematically explores the large space of resilience techniques and their combinations, derives cost-effective solutions, provides guidelines for designing new techniques, and offers insights into how to design cost-effective digital systems resilient to hardware errors: 1. circuit-level techniques are crucial; 2. application-level guidance is essential; 3. existing architecture and software techniques are generally expensive or provide too little resilience; 4. some previously published techniques suffer from inaccurate analysis, leading to incorrect conclusions; 5. cost-effective protection from multiple error sources is achieved by combining techniques targeting each specific error source.


In this paper, an approximation for the moment Lyapunov exponent, the asymptotic growth rate of the moments of the response of two coupled oscillators driven by real noise, is constructed. A perturbation approach is used to obtain explicit expressions for these exponents in the presence of small intensity noise. The results are applied to study the moment stability of the stationary solutions of structural and mechanical systems subjected to stochastic excitation.


Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.O.O., C.P.), University Hospital of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Department of Radiology (M.O.O.), University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology (P.A.), University Hospital of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology (J.Z.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General and Transplant Surgery (S.B.), University Hospital of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; and Division of Endocrinology (S.P.), Medical Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany