Whole heated clear apple juice subjected to a modified Salmonella mutagenicity assay did not show any mutagenic response. However, when fractionated, one fraction obtained from gel filtration did show a dose-related mutagenic response. This suggested the presence of antimutagenic factors. The Ames standard mutagenicity test was used to investigate the antimutagenic activity of apple juice samples against the direct acting mutagens nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO) and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). There was a dose and heat load dependent reduction in the mutagenicity of both mutagens, indicating the presence of antimutagenic factors.


The reaction of (NHC)ZnEt2 (1) with 2,6-diisopropylphenol in the molar ratio 1:2 at room temperature resulted in the formation of NHC-stabilized monomeric tricoordinated zinc aryloxide (2), whereas the reaction of (NHC)ZnEt2 (1) with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol either in the presence of moisture or with deliberate addition of an equivalent amount of water in the molar ratio 1:2:1 afforded an unprecedented zinc hydroxyaryloxide (3). In this contribution we describe the syntheses and the structural characterization of 2 and 3 as well as the importance of the sterically encumbered phenols in the isolation of the final products.


Ten myths about world population need to be dealt with before progress can be made on meeting the challenges and dangers of mass population growth, an MP has warned. If these myths are not dispelled further progress on the millennium development goals is unlikely.

In the paper, Sex, Ideology and Religion: 10 Myths about Population Growth , Conservative MP for Croydon South Richard Ottaway, and researcher Genevieve Hutchinson say that key misunderstandings surrounding family planning and population growth include the beliefs that the population explosion is over, that population growth is inevitable, and that foreign …


Embelia ribes is the most widely used plant in numerous Ayurvedic preparations to treat various disorders. The most commonly used plant parts like leaves and fruit are in the Indian traditional system for CNS (Central Nervous System) disease, Anti-bacterial Anthelmintic, and Anti-ulcer activity. The proposed work aimed to optimize different extraction parameters (Part of Crude drug, Solvent and Temperature) to increase the extraction yield of the Embelin from Embelia ribes fruits. Extraction was done by using Chloroform as a solvent, and extraction yield was optimized by using independent variables, such as solvent, drug parts, time and temperature, with the help of the design of expert software. One part of the crude drug kept in 3 parts of Chloroform for 34 mins at 49 oC temperature gives the maximum yield (38.73±1.13%) of Embelin. HPTLC was done by using the mobile phase of Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:0.5 v/v/v). A single band appeared in the TLC plate exhibiting the Isolation of a Single compound, further the Isolated compound was identified and characterized by using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The results obtained from the analytical techniques reveal that the Isolated compound was Embelin.


Tunnels, being one of the transport means passing through rivers, lakes and seas more rapidly and safely, have such advantages as being unaffected by adverse climate, rain and winds, waves and currents, ice packs and heavy fogs. The paper gives a brief introduction to the major principle and technology of construction of submerged tubular tunnels and the present situation of submerged tubular tunnels in various countries and regions in the world. The paper also makes an expounding on the development tendency of submerged tubular tunnels.


Until the mid-19th century, the Middle Volga and Trans-Volga region could be considered as a frontier of the Russian state. It was a specific border between Europe and Asia, an imperial periphery facing the southeast, the nomadic steppe world. Until the mid-18th century, the administrative system in the Middle Volga had primarily fulfilled military and fortification tasks. The permanent process of mass colonization was the most important feature of the region's history between the mid-17th century and the early 20th century; it was facilitated owing to a large amount of vacant land and favorable market conditions. Mass migration caused establishment of Russian farms and landownership in the region and a gradual replacement of nomadic pastoralism. By the mid-19th century, the policies of the Russian Empire in the Trans-Volga region had lost their military and foreign-policy functions, and the administrative system had been brought into line with the all-imperial standards. The region began to turn into an "inner periphery" of Russia which combined some features of the border region and those of the inlands of the Empire. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the Trans-Volga region acquired the status of the "Russian breadbasket", one of the main centers of grain production and supply of bread to the national and international markets. Construction of railways and the development of the Volga river shipping lines contributed to the intensive influx of people to the region, and to the plowing and cultivation of the virgin steppe lands. The main feature of the region's population was its ethnic and religious diversity, as well as historically conditioned interaction of the peoples of "forests and steppes". By the beginning of the 20th century, the "inner periphery" had acquired its recognizable historical and cultural image and become motherland for its diverse population.


In the use of hypothermia in cardiac surgery an increased risk of bleeding is noticeable intra- and postoperatively. So far, the effects on coagulation and platelets caused by complex interactions between the extracorporeal circulation (ECC), surgical trauma and the effects of hypothermia prevent a clinical investigation of the cause of hypothermia associated bleeding in cardiac surgery. Methods: Using a Chandler-Loop blood flow model the effects of hypothermia could be studied under in-vitro conditions isolated from other competing factors. In the experimental group blood samples of three adult probands were cooled down from 37 °C to 28 °C and reheated at standardized temperature and flow conditions. During the measurements blood samples were taken at four checkpoints from the Chandler-Loops. A normothermic series of measurements served as a control group. Coagulation was examined using thrombelastometry and platelet function using impedance aggregometry. Results: Hypothermia irregularly caused a reduced coagulation; however, the platelet function seemed to be unaffected or only reversibly affected. Therefore, a decreased platelet function associated to hypothermia could not be detected via impedance aggregometry. In both groups the effects caused by the circulation in the Chandler-Loops on coagulation and platelet function were more pronounced than the effects caused by hypothermia. Discussion: The effects of hypothermia on coagulation seem to be not as pronounced and uniform as in other studies described. It is instead to assume that only specific components are impaired by cooling whereas the rotation in the Chandler-Loops always leads to measurable contact reactions. The results of the thrombelastomtry indicate that the cause for an impaired coagulation under hypothermia are reduced protein kinetics and a decreased platelet function. The reversible effects of hypothermia on platelets may account for the lack of measurable alterations in platelet function when using the Multiplate method. This being the case hypothermia caused impairment of platelet function could not be detected using the Multiplate method under clinical conditions.


For the last few decades, human posture recognition has gained mammoth popularity specifically in elderly fall detection. This study proposes a modified deep learning neural network architecture using OpenPose library for two category problem of human fall detection. OpenPose library computes and draws 18 points skeleton on frames. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 97.46% on publicly available, standard Multi Camera Fall dataset and outperforms existing state-of-the-art deep learning image classification Residual Network architectures ResNet-50 and ResNet-101 which have an accuracy of 94.63% and 70.18% respectively.


Researchers have identified a small organic molecule that may help fix the genetic defect that causes X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the rare disease featured in the 1992 movie "Lorenzo's Oil." X-ALD kills boys diagnosed in early childhood and has an adult form that impairs nervous system function progressively. The cause is an inherited mutation in the gene for ABCD1, a protein that transports very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) to cell vesicles called peroxisomes, which break VLCFAs down. The mutation allows VLCFAs to overaccumulate in the brain and spinal cord, where they destroy myelin sheaths on brain and spinal cord nerve cells by an unknown mechanism. Director of chemical biology Thomas S. Scanlan and coworkers at Oregon Health & Science University show that sobetirome, a small molecule they discovered earlier, reduces VLCFA levels in the brains of X-ALD-affected mice (Endocrinology 2017, DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1842). The compound works by activating the gene for ABCD2,


Objective: To explore the effect of psychological intervention on the anxiety and living quality of patients with gynecologic malignancies during postoperative chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 100 patients with gynecologic malignancies admitted to our hospital were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly included in study group and received routine nursing combined with psychological intervention (n=50), but the control group received only routine nursing (n=50). Self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores were compared before treatment (T0), 1 week after treatment (T1), 1 month after treatment (T2), and 2 months after treatment (T3). The heart rates of the two groups were recorded. After the treatment, a nursing satisfaction survey was performed among the patients. A 5-year prognostic follow-up and the 5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were recorded. Results: At T1, T2 and T3, the SDS and SAS scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The heart rates at T2 and T3 were lower in study group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The nursing satisfaction of the study group was higher than the satisfaction (64.00%) of the control group (P < 0.001). In terms of symptoms, the pain and insomnia scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). In terms of functional areas, the emotional function, role function, and physical function of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rate showed no difference between the two groups (P > 0.050). Conclusion: Psychological intervention nursing can effectively improve the psychological conditions of patients with gynecologic malignancies during postoperative chemotherapy, and enhance their quality of life.


T HE Aeneid of Vergil concludes with the wounding and death of Turnus. Aeneas is about to yield to his enemy's plea for mercy (cf. 12.940 f.), when the sight of the balteus of Pallas reminds him of Turnus' earlier superbia (cf. 10. 445: iussa superba; 514 f.: superbum caede nova). He slays Turnus, exclaiming (12. 947 ff.), "tune hinc spoliis indute meorum / eripiare mihi? Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas / immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit," and thus fulfills the desire for vengeance expressed by Evander in 11. 177-81. The ending of the Aeneid is less abrupt than at first sight appears. Vergil has frequently foreshadowed the later fate of Aeneas and the Trojans; there are numerous references throughout the poem to the marriage of Aeneas and Lavinia,' the founding of Lavinium (1. 258 f.; 12. 193 f.), and the union of Trojans and Latins (12. 187-93, 834-40). Aeneas will rule only three years (1. 263-66; cf. 4. 618-20) and upon his death will become a god (1. 259 f.; 12. 794 f.).2


We show that spectral data of transfer operators given by holomorphic data can be approximated using an effective numerical scheme based on Lagrange interpolation. In particular, we show that for one-dimensional systems satisfying certain complex contraction properties, spectral data of the approximants converge exponentially to the spectral data of the transfer operator with the exponential rate determined by the respective complex contraction ratios of the underlying systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme by numerically computing eigenvalues of transfer operators arising from interval and circle maps, as well as Lyapunov exponents of (positive) random matrix products and iterated function systems, based on examples taken from the literature.


Time Warp and Breathing Time Buckets are two general-purpose optimistic synchronization strategies for supporting parallel discrete-event simulations. However, each one of these approaches has potential fatal shortcomings. Time Warp may exhibit rollback explosions that can cause an avalance of antimessages. Breathing Time Buckets, on the other hand, may not be able to process enough events per synchronization cycle to remain efficient.
A new strategy, called Breathing Time Warp, has been developed in the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES) operating sytem. This new strategy solves both of these problems by mixing the two algorithms together, resulting in the best of both methods.
This paper describes the implementation of the Breathing Time Warp algorithm in SPEEDES, and then shows how this new approach sometimes improves the performance of parallel discrete-event simulations.


AIM:To investigate the effects of 1,α25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2D 3) on the expression of Calbindin-D28K (CaB) and mineralization capability of cultured human dental papilla mesenchymal cells. METHODS: After being incubated for 28 days, the subculture was treated with 1,25(OH) 2D 3. Ocsynthesis, ALP activity and CaB expression were measured by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical method. Isotope tracing study was also adopted for observing the effects of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 on calcium uptake into extracellular matrix. RESULTS: The results showed that ALP activity and OC content increased to 4 times and 1.5 times respectively in comparing with those of the control. Immunohistochemical study exhibited CaB expression in the matrix and papilla mesenchymal cells cultured for 28 days, but is negative for 14 days. The results also manifested that 1,25(OH) 2D 3 could enhance the expression of CaB and stimulate calcium uptake into extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the 1,25(OH) 2D 3 can stimulate mineralization process of the mesenchymal cells, which is manifested in promoting ALP activity, OC content, CaB synthesis and calcium uptake by the differentiated cells. All of these further confirmed that to promote calcium transport in papilla cells is one of the functions of CaB in mineralization. It also can be inferred that the CaB could induce calcium accumulation once it is captured in the matrix. [


Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is associated with adverse effects on human health (e.g., fatal cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), and environmental concerns (e.g., visibility impairment and damage in ecosystems). This study aimed to evaluate temporal and spatial trends and behaviors of PM2.5 concentrations in different European locations. Statistical threshold models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) defined by Genetic Algorithms (GA) were also applied for an urban centre site in Istanbul, to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables and PM10 concentrations on PM2.5 concentrations. Lower PM2.5 concentrations were observed in northern Europe. The highest values were found at traffic-related sites. PM2.5 concentrations were usually higher during the winter and tended to present strong increases during rush hours. PM2.5/PM10 ratios were slightly higher at background sites and the lower values were found in northern Europe (Helsinki and Stockholm). Ratios were usually higher during cold months and during the night. The statistical model (ANN + GA) allowed evaluating the combined effect of different explanatory variables (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, air pressure and PM10 concentrations) on PM2.5 concentrations, under different regimes defined by relative humidity (threshold value of 79.1%). Important information about the temporal and spatial trends and behaviors related to PM2.5 concentrations in different European locations was developed.


In recent years, much interest has developed in the use of ascites tumors in experimental cancer research, especially in cytology and biochemistry of tumor cells. 'l'hc ascites tumors, however, have beenused comparatively infrequently by investigators for chemotherapeutic studies.l 'The ascites tumors provide an easy challenge to chemotherapeutic agents, because the intraperitoneal injection of compounds against the intraperitoneal ascites form of tumors is, iri effect, an in ziz~o-i~i. vi fro test. It is thus possible to obtain an idea of the action of a compound without as great a degree of intervention by other organs.


Lying at the edge of peninsular Malaysia in the heart of Southeast Asia, Singapore is a post-colonial country with a population of 5.5 million individuals known for its tropical climate, technological advancement, and diverse population. The city-state ranks near the top of the world for various metrics on wellbeing, with a high GDP per capita, low unemployment, and high life expectancy in addition to a number of other metrics (Central Intelligence Agency, 2017). The nation's standing today as the financial capital of Asia and the most developed country of the region would have seemed an impossible goal at the nation's founding over 50 years ago. The Singaporean government has achieved ambitious goals through a variety of mechanisms, but education has proven to be the single most important investment the government has made in the course of its short history. Policymaking in this sphere has allowed Singapore to achieve some of the highest educational attainment rates in the world. It has become a model of urban education from which other countries and contexts may have valuable lessons to learn.


Two local computational strategies for modeling elastic wave propagation, namely the Local Interaction Simulation Approach (LISA) and Cellular Automata for Elastodynamics (CAFE), are compared and contrasted in analyzing bulk waves in two-dimensional nonlinear media. Each strategy formulates the problem from the perspective of a cell and its local interactions with other cells, leading to robust treatments of anisotropy, heterogeneity, and nonlinearity. The local approach also enables straight-forward parallelization on high performance computing clusters. While the two share a common local perspective, they differ in two major respects. The first is that CAFE employs both rectangular and triangular cells, while LISA considers only rectangular. The second is that LISA appeared much earlier than CAFE (early 1990's versus late 2000's), and as such has been developed to a much greater degree with a multitude of material models, cell-to-cell interactions, loading possibilities, and boundary treatments. A hybrid approach which combines the two is of great interest since the non-uniform mesh capability of the CAFE triangular cell can be readily coupled to LISA's rectangular grids, taking advantage of the built-in LISA features on the uniform portion of the domain. For linear material domains, the hybrid implementation appears straight-forward since both methods have been shown to recover the same equations in the rectangular case. For nonlinear material domains, the formulations cannot be put into a one-to-one correspondence, and hybrid implementation may be more problematic. This paper addresses these differences by first presenting the underlying formulations, and then computing results for growth of a second harmonic in an introduced bulk pressure wave. Rectangular cells are used in both LISA and CAFE. Results from both approaches are compared to an approximate, analytical solution based on a two-scale field representation. Differences in the LISA and CAFE computed solutions are discussed and recommendations are made for a follow-on hybrid implementation.


The kinetic method is used to differentiate the diastereomers and enantiomers of 2,3-butanediol. By using a number of reference compounds of known gas phase basicity (GB), the GBs of (2R,3R- and meso-butanediol are determined as 191.5 and 191.2 kcal/mol, respectively, with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.4 kcal/mol and an uncertainty in the 0.3 kcal/mol difference of 0.12 kcal/mol. This result is consistent with a literature GB value for a mixture of isomers of 192.3 kcal/mol (C. Gruenat et al, Helv. Chim, Acta, 68, 1647 (1985). The smaller GB of the meso form is ascribed to destabilization associated with the two eclipsed methyl groups in the eclipsed conformation which is energetically favored by simultaneous bonding (chelation) of the two oxygen atoms to the proton. Differentiation between the enantiomers is achieved by collision-induced dissociation of the diasteromeric proton-bound dimers formed from each isomer with a chiral reference compound; this experiment is successful for both positively- and negatively-charged cluster ions. The observed small difference in fragment ion abundance ratios in the dissociation of these two dimers is ascribed to a difference in free energy barriers to enantiomeric product formation from the two diastereomeric intermediates. The present study demonstrates that the kinetic method can reveal small differences in free energies resulting from differences in chirality and, in this case at least, it provides a simple method to differentiate steroisomers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Despite the changes in the model of a modern family, extended families are still functioning. Their role and functions are significant due to intergenerational contacts, based on interaction. The subject of the considerations undertaken in this study is the importance of the third generation in the life of the first one in the cognitive, behavioral, emotional and socio-economic spheres of a family. The grandparents' importance for their grandchildren is related to the mutual benefit and pleasure from the presence of the closest people in life.


Abstract : The results of investigations into the improvement of the gun propellant surveillance are presented in this report. In the project (A96KL446), observations were investigated that cannot be investigated in the standard surveillance project (A98KL414). A need for this was felt, as no change had been taken place in the surveillance for twenty years, while from time to time interesting results have been observed from time to time. Firstly, attention was focused on the heat generation apparatus and the measurement principle. Although, the principle of heat generation and the resulting signal in a thermo-element is known, there was no good visualisation of the physical process of heat generation and the resulting signal. Changes to the test procedure were applied to investigate the sensitivity of the mode of operation (calibration procedure, degree of filling, thermal pre-treatment of the test vessel). Subsequently, the atmosphere in the test vessel was varied; mainly the relative humidity of the air. The gun propellant was wetted by direct application of water. Measurements were conducted also in a very dry environment. It proves that for SB-propellants the heat production is the highest when the propellant is directly wetted. This was not observed for DB- and DEGDN-propellants. For those propellants the highest heat production was measured in a dry atmosphere. It is almost sure that this is not a result of a higher propellant decomposition rate, but what the origin is, is not known yet. Finally, work that has been performed through participation in the NATO Life Assessment Expert Working Party' will be reported. This party developed several STANAGs. In the last year, attention has been given to STANAG 4542, the Heat Flux Calorimetry STANAG and a STANAG concerning composite propellants (the latter two have no STANAG number yet, see Chapter 4.1).


This study analyzes the growth, direction and trade balance of Nepal's foreign trade for the period 2005/6 to 2014/15. The study finds that the import has grown rapidly (at an annual average rate of 17%) and the import at snail's pace (at an annual rate of 4%) over the study period. As a result the trade balance is negative and growing every year. Such a trend can't sustain for long. Further, Nepal's foreign trade is too much dependent (exceeding two-third of both export and import) on India which needs to be diversified to rest of the world.


The term "schools sponsored by social resources"has been in formal use since the publication of Stipulations for the Schools Sponsored by Social Resources. It refers to all non-government-sponsored schools and educational institutions. As it is, non-government-sponsored schools were absent from mainland China for a period of nearly thirty years. In 1982, non-government-sponsored institutions began to reapperar in the mainland, but at that time, the Chinese Communist government did not give a clear stance on its policy; thus, these schools remained small and undeveloped. Since 1992, the Chinese Communist government has begun to encourage the development of schools sponsored by social resources, and related stipulations and regulations have been issued to hasten their spread. They have hence begun to flourish and grow in number, although they have also begun to meet difficulties and hindrances in their operation. However, schools sponsored by non-governmental resources are definitely an addition to the development of non-governmental education as a whole. Therefore, the Chinese Communist government's best option is to advocate and encourage the development of such schools in mainland China.


Residual ethylene oxide (EO) off-gassed from sterilized products is the main source of worker exposures in medical-supply sterilization. Three engineering designs that potentially reduce exposures were proposed, and their effectiveness was determined via exposure monitoring. Installation of additional venting ducts on the sterilizer significantly improves venting function and reduces worker short-term (~15 min.) exposure during un-loading sterilized goods. Similarly, application of a canopy-type exhaust hood, with baffles to minimize air shortcut, near the sterilizer door to vent the newly sterilized goods also reduces short-term exposure. Lastly, establishment of enclosed and venting systems for product aeration was effective in controlling fugitive run-away of EO during aeration/storage, and reducing air concentrations in the relevant areas. The improvements were significant and met the permissible exposure limits.


Background: The causes of basal ganglia-thalamic hemorrhage in the young are not well established. Therefore, its clinical profile, etiology, and risk factors were studied. Methods: Retrospectively, collected data were evaluated using the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Gender differences occurred in the clinical profile, risk factors, and etiological spectrum. Large hematoma, Glasgow Coma Scale ≤10 on admission, and the need for surgical intervention occurred significantly more frequently in males. The etiologies included vascular anomaly in 13 of 247 enrollees (5.3%), hypertension (80.2%), alcoholism/cigarette smoking (4.9%), medical problems (8.5%), and cryptogenic causes (5.3%). Conclusion: The need for aggressive investigation is suggested in normotensive patients, especially in females and those aged below 30 years.


There is provided a mixing device (2) for a beverage and CO2 gas for producing carbonated beverage. The mixing device (2) comprising a mixing channel (4) extending in a main direction (10). The mixing channel (4) comprises wide channel sections (16) and narrow channel sections (18) along the main direction (10). The mixing channel (4) has an elongated cross section seen in a direction perpendicular to the main direction (10). At least a first delimiting surface (22) of the mixing channel (4) is provided with protrusions (20) extending at least partially along the first delimiting surface (22) in a direction across the mixing channel (4) and protruding towards a second delimiting surface (24) of the mixing channel (4) to form the narrow channel sections (18). A turbulent flow of beverage is created by the narrow and wide channel sections. Further a carbonator for producing carbonated beverage, an appliance comprising a carbonator, and a method of producing a carbonated beverage are provided.


Background: India has the third highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) population in the world. Health care personnel (HCP) are major risk group for acquiring HIV infection by accidental occupational exposure. Knowledge on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) holds the key to prevent new HIV infections and also helps in reduction of anxiety among HCP in case of accidental exposure. This study was designed to assess the awareness of PEP and to compare the levels of knowledge among various cadres of HCP.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on awareness of PEP among the health care personnel of sample size 360 in a tertiary care centre in urban South India. Universal sampling was done and data was collected for a period of three months. Analysis was done using the Epi info 7.2.Results: Knowledge of PEP among HCP was found to be 63.57%. Knowledge of PEP among groups of faculties, post graduate (PG) students, interns, nurses and lab technicians was found to be 73.5%, 70.9%, 62.8%, 56.9% and 42.2% respectively. There was poor knowledge among the most vulnerable groups i.e. nurses and lab technicians who handle the blood samples of number of PLHIV on a given day. There was a felt need among the faculty, PGs and interns for a refresher training every year on advances in HIV prophylaxis and treatment.Conclusions: This study has brought to light the lacunae in awareness of PEP for HIV among HCP. As India has a high prevalence of HIV, and occupational exposure is pretty much inevitable, there is a pressing need to plug the gaps in awareness of PEP.


Burkina Faso's economy is predominantly agrarian-based. Over 90 percent of the country's population lives in rural areas and more than 80 percent of the working population derives their income from agriculture, mostly subsistence farming. Due to the country's reliance on agriculture, Burkina Faso is susceptible to environmental crises. Severe weather fluctuations, such as a reduction in rainfall that damages agriculture, cause severe decreases in families' income causing malnutrition and other health-related problems. For instance, in 2007, the total spending on social safety net programs (including fuel subsidies) reached about 1.3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) but spending on targeted safety nets was 0.6 percent of GDP while a universal fuel subsidy that barely reached poor households was 0.7 percent of GDP. this pool of information, the project will then accomplish the following: outline the key operational and design features of public works and cash transfer programs that are most relevant for Burkina Faso and that have best chances for success targeting method (how beneficiaries will be identified); how households will be registered, payment modalities, operational costs, etc; identify who will be implementing the selected programs; define monitoring and evaluation indicators to be used to measure program outcomes; prepare implementation plans for a potential pilot project that specify scale, cost and duration of implementation; and, develop an interim operational procedures manual to guide the implementation of selected programs.


Bonds are attractive investment instruments that complement a broad-based equity portfolio. As the correlation between stocks and bonds increases, investors lose diversification benefits. Stocks that pay out more in states in which the aggregate stock-bond correlation is high will be deemed more attractive and their expected returns should be lower. Our hypothesis is then that the stock market-bond market correlation is a risk factor. To test this, we extract the riskless bond-stock market correlation using several different methods that include the BEKK and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation methods. We examine the price of bond-stock correlation risk in the cross section of stock returns. We find that aggregate correlation carries a statistically significant negative price of risk of about 3 percent that cannot be explained by the market return, size, book-to-market, default spread, term spread, unexpected inflation and other known risk factors.


This chapter offers a new economic development model from a cluster-sensitive perspective with a view to attaining Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and a prosperous Nepal, happy Nepali aspirations by 2043. On the one hand, Nepal is experiencing an enormous investment deficit to meet such goals and aspirations, with COVID-19 exacerbating it even worse. On the other, industry experts and analysts from Macao are claiming that Nepal has the potential to become the next Macao of South Asia. This chapter seeks to offer insight into how Nepal can configure its tangible and intangible endowments with new business environment developments to take full advantage of it. It starts off by identifying the 'integrated resort' sector as having a relatively high chance of success. It then puts that early success story at the center and leverages it to develop other related sectors in the Nijgadh area, North-South economic corridor, and the rest of the country. The model is similar to other economic corridor developments around the world driven by new connectivity infrastructures.


A study to measure the CKM unitarity-triangle angle (cid:13) with B 0 ! DK (cid:3) 0 decays is presented. The D meson (either D 0 or D 0 ) is reconstructed in the two-body (cid:12)nal states K (cid:6) (cid:25) (cid:7) , K + K (cid:0) , and (cid:25) + (cid:25) (cid:0) , and the K (cid:3) 0 in the self-tagging (cid:12)nal state K + (cid:25) (cid:0) . Detailed analysis of the signal and background are performed with the latest simulation of the LHCb experiment. The statistical uncertainty on (cid:13) is estimated to be in the range 15 (cid:14) - 25 (cid:14) , for an integrated luminosity of 2 fb (cid:0) 1 , depending on the unknown value of the strong phase di(cid:11)erence in B 0 decays, (cid:14) B 0 , and other hadronic parameters, that can be evaluated from data.


We study proton-rich nucleosynthesis in windlike outflows from {gamma}-ray bursts accretion disks with the aim of determining if such outflows are a site of the nup process. The efficacy of this nup process depends on thermodynamic and hydrodynamic factors. We discuss the importance of the entropy of the material, the outflow rate, the initial ejection point, and accretion rate of the disk. In some cases, the nup process pushes the nucleosynthesis out to A{approx}100 and produces light p nuclei. However, even when these nuclei are not produced, neutrino-induced interactions can significantly alter the abundance pattern and cannot be neglected.


The utility model provides a novel hospital dress. The hospital dress corresponding to an operation position can be detached based on different operation positions of a patient. The utility model relates to medical clothing, in particular to an operational dress. The novel hospital dress comprises a front, a back, a left sleeve and a right sleeve which are connected together, wherein the front and the back are connected together, the left sleeve and the right sleeve are respectively connected with the front and the back, the front is composed of a left and a right which are movably connected, and the left and right are respectively composed of an upper and a lower which are movably connected. The novel hospital dress is simple in structure and convenient to use, can meet a demand of detaching the hospital dress independently based on the different operation positions of the patient, and can enable a drainage tube and surgical instruments of the patient to be located and placed safely, and therefore safety of the patient taking the operation and health of the patient in the operation process are guaranteed.


order of the corresponding discussion in our opening paper. Matters of emphasis aside, Willower is largely in agreement with our analysis of traditional science of educational administration (the Theory Movement), its problems and its prospects. And even differences in emphasis appear to be benign. For example, Willower wishes we had been more discriminating in aggregating views into the 'cultural perspective'. We are glad to oblige, for it is foundational patterns of justification in cultural studies that are the main target of criticism. Jim Walker's Louis and Legends (1988) is a good example of a non-foundational, naturalistic, ethnographic study of youth cultures which we have warmly endorsed (Evers, 1989). Willoiver is concerned that our focus on the


As a mathematic research method,wavelet is widely used in many fields.It tries to use Haar wavelet to do data fusion for remote sensing image.The experimental result shows that this method has higher precision and more effective than the traditional method.


Background: In India "aged" population is the second largest in the world. The proportion of elders living in old age homes in India is increasing. This study was undertaken to explore the health problems of elders in old age homes. Methods: This cross sectional study was done among elders in selected old age homes in Chennai city. Data on health problems was collected by clinical examination and available medical records. Results: Medical services were found available in all the homes. Only 3.3% of elders were clinically free from health problem and the remaining elders were suffering from one or more health problems. Major health problems of elders were cardiovascular diseases 42.8% dental problem 37.6% and visual problem 35.1%. Conclusion: The present study show that greater proportions of institutionalized elders were suffering from wide range of morbidities.


Vehicle routing problems involve the navigation of one or more vehicles through a network of locations. Locations have associated handling times as well as time windows during which they are active. The arcs connecting locations have time costs associated with them. In this paper, we consider two different problems in single vehicle routing. The first is to find least time cost routes between all pairs of nodes in a network for navigating vehicles; we call this the all pairs routing problem. We show that there is an O(log/sup 2/ n) time parallel algorithm using a polynomial number of processors for this problem on a CREW PRAM. We next consider the problem in which a vehicle services all locations in a network. Here, locations can be passed through at any time but only serviced during their time window. The general problem is NP-complete under even fairly stringent restrictions but polynomial algorithms have been developed for some special cases. In particular, when the network is a line, there is no time cost in servicing a location, and all time windows are unbounded at either their lower or upper end, O(n/sup 2/) algorithms have been developed. We show that under the same conditions, we can reduce this problem to the all pairs routing problem and therefore obtain an O(log/sup 2/ n) time parallel algorithm on a CREW PRAM.


The article reviews the exhibition "No More Right Now Forever," by sculptor David Kennedy Cutler at the Derek Eller gallery in New York City.


Janowitz sets himself two problems : firstly to examine those characteristics of the military which facilitate its political involvement in new nations ; secondly to examine the probable and actual deficiencies of military governments in modernising their countries. He calls in aid two assumptions : that all military organisations have similar features of organisation and that all new nations have programs of modernisation,


A method for preparing a modified synthetic resin, and a molded product prepared by using the modified synthetic resin are provided to obtain a modified synthetic resin which irradiates far infrared rays and emits anions. A method for preparing a modified synthetic resin comprises the steps of mixing 70.5-73.5 wt% of formalin, 0.53-0.73 wt% of triethanolamine, 0.09-0.19 wt% of hexamine, 20.71-23.71 wt% of methanol and 1.94-2.14 wt% of sodium hydroxide in a reactor to adjust pH to be 10-11, stirring it at 55-60 deg.C for 10 min, injecting 24.0-30.0 wt% of melamine to 70.0-76.0 wt% of the stirred mixture, and indirectly heating it at 80-90 deg.C to alkylate the polar group of melamine; adding 38.56-41.56 wt% of formalin, 0.11-0.31 wt% of triethanolamine, 0.04-0.07 wt% of hexamine, 0.04-0.06 wt% of formic acid and 0.09-0.19 wt% of phosphate to the obtained first resin reactant to mix them, adjusting pH to be 8-9, and injecting 26.0-34.0 wt% of melamine to 66.0-74.0 wt% of the obtained mixture to react it at 85-95 deg.C for 1 hour; mixing 79.7-97.55 wt% of the obtained second resin reactant with 0.11-0.22 wt% of epichlorohydrin, 0.16-0.36 wt% of ethylene chlorohydrin, 0.42-0.72 wt% of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.42-0.72 wt% of N-(beta-aminomethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.23-0.43 wt% of water-soluble silicone in a reactor for 10 min, and mixing 19.98-39.93 wt% of the mixture with 0.03-0.13 wt% of zinc stearate, 12.24-15.24 wt% of silica gel and 40.75-45.70 wt% of a mineral powder for 30 min; and drying it at 60-100 deg.C for 1-1.5 hours, and pulverizing it by a size of 250-300 mesh.


High-spin states populated in the decay of microsecond isomers in the transitional nuclei 121 Sb and 123 Sb have been investigated in detail in several experiments using γ-ray and electron spectroscopy. The nuclei were formed using multinucleon transfer and fusion-fission reactions with 136 Xe beams and also using the 120 Sn( 7 Li,α2n) 121 Sb and 122 Sn( 7 Li,α2n) 123 Sb incomplete-fusion reactions. Isomeric half-lives ranging from several nanoseconds to a few hundred microseconds were determined by means of conventional decay curve analyses, whereas very short-lived isomers (T 1/2 ∼ 1 ns) were identified using the generalized centroid-shift method. A number of new transitions were observed, including a branch through spherical states from the 19/2 + member of the 9/2 + deformed band in 121 Sb, in competition with the main decay path through the rotational band. This is attributed to mixing between the 19/2 + band member and a 19/2 + spherical state. Both levels are predicted to coincide approximately in energy in 121 Sb. The fact that a 25/2 + isomer occurs for A = 121 and the lighter isotopes, while a 23/2 + isomer is observed for A = 123-131 is explained through a multistate mixing calculation, taking into account the gradual shift of the 2d 5/2 and 1g 7/2 proton orbitals and the change in proton-neutron effective interactions from an attractive particle-particle type in the lower part of the shell to a repulsive particle-hole type with increasing the neutron number toward the N = 82 shell closure. The observed enhancement of the B(E2;19/2 - → 15/2-) values in 121 Sb and 123 Sb over the B(E2; 7 - → 5 - ) values in the corresponding Sn cores is discussed in terms of configuration mixing between spherical and deformed states.


Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier is one of Greenland's largest tidewater outlet glaciers, accounting for approximately 5 % of all ice discharge from the Greenland ice sheet. In 2018 the Kangerdlussuaq ice front reached its most retreated position since observations began in 1932. We determine the relationship between retreat and: (i) ice velocity; and (ii) surface elevation change, to assess the impact of the retreat on the glacier trunk. Between 2016 and 2018 the glacier retreated ~5 km and brought the Kangerdlussuaq ice front into a major (~15 km long) overdeepening. Coincident with this retreat, the glacier thinned as a result of near-terminus acceleration in ice flow. The subglacial topography means that 2016-18 terminus recession is likely to trigger a series of feedbacks between retreat, thinning and glacier acceleration, leading to a rapid and high-magnitude increase in discharge and sea level rise contribution. Dynamic thinning may continue until the glacier reaches the upward sloping bed ~10 km inland of its current position. Incorporating these non-linear processes into prognostic models of the ice sheet to 2100 and beyond will be critical for accurate forecasting of the ice sheet's contribution to sea level rise.


Bačkovská, Jana. Seniors and Information and Comunication Technologies. Hradec Králové, 2015. 82 s. Diploma Thesis. University od Hradec Králové, Institute of Social Work. Leader of the Diploma Thesis: PaedDr. Karel Myška, Ph.D. The thesis deals with the relationship of seniors to modern communication technologies. Whether they work with them in their life and, if so, in what extent. The thesis follows also up the seniors ́ opinion on modern communication technologies and nowadays modern world. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. There are topics compiled in the theoretical part, such as old age, social age and aging population. This part deals with the demographic situation in our country and also describes the lifestyle of seniors and their position in the current world. There is also the impact of modern technology on people in general mapped here. The practical part describes the methodology and interpretation of the research. There were combined two research strategies in the research, quantitative by using questionnaires and qualitative in the form of interviews. By evaluating the data resulting from the research, the partial objectives and the main research question are answered. There are the overall summary of all findings and achieved results accomplished in the closing part of the thesis.


Military families experience stressors unique to their occupation which strongly influence family structure. Deployment is one of the most impactful and unique experiences that a majority of current military families have experienced as it influences familial stability and structures. Previous research has found that when compared to civilian American families, military families tend to identify as more rigid than flexible while still maintaining good familial satisfaction reports. By examining the correlation between various family structure domains of military families (cohesion, flexibility, rigidity, deployment history, and familial satisfaction) mental health workers may better assist these families in establishing strategies to endure immediate and ensuing stressors of deployment. A participant pool ( n = 104) of military members, veterans, partners, and their children completed a demographic questionnaire including deployment history and the FACES IV self-assessment tool authored by David Olson (2011). The FACES IV identifies domains of cohesion and flexibility and their relationships with disengagement, enmeshment, rigidity, and chaos. It was hypothesized that levels of heightened rigidity may serve


Noncommutative version of D-dimensional relativistic particle is proposed. We consider the particle interacting with the configuration space variable θ µν (τ) instead of the numerical matrix. The corresponding Poincare invariant action has a local symmetry, which allows one to impose the gauge θ 0i = 0, θ ij = const. The matrix θ ij turns out to be the non-commutativity parameter of the gauge fixed formulation. Poincare transformations of the gauge fixed formulation are presented in the manifest form. Noncommutative geometry [1, 2] in some nonrelativistic models arises [3-7] as the result of canonical quantization [8, 9] of underlying dynamical systems with second class constraints. Nontrivial bracket for the configuration space variables appears in this case as the Dirac bracket, after taking into account the constraints presented in the model. In particular, the noncommutative nonrelativistic particle in D = 1 + 2 can be obtained in this way starting from the action [6, 7] S = dt ˙ x a v a − 1 2m v 2 + ˙ v a θ ab v b. (1) where x a (t), v a (t) are the configuration space variables and θ ab = ¯ θǫ ab. It can be considered as the action of ordinary particle (with position x a) written in the first order form, with the " Chern-Simons term " for v added: ˙ vθv. The physical sector consist of x a and the conjugated momentum p a. The Dirac bracket for x a turns out to be nontrivial, with the noncommutativity parameter being ¯ θ [7]. In this note we present and discuss noncommutative version for D-dimensional relativistic particle. To start with, note that the * email@example.com On leave of absence from Dept.


The electron-microscope analysis of the Orgeuil carbonaceous chondrite, thought to be the extinct core of a comet, shows many archaen microfossils adapted for both cold and hot liquid water environments. Since water is a prerequisite for life, its presence on a comet would have important implications for interplanetary cross-contamination of the planets as well as strongly impact the dynamics and evolution of a comet. Therefore we develop a wet comet model to explore the consequences of liquid water on Mars-crossing comets and hypothesize that all the periodic comets, such as P/Halley, P/Wild-2, and P/Borrelly show signs of significant liquid water processing. The wet comet model is shown to be compatible with observation, as well as provide significantly better explanations for well-known cometary anomalies. Finally, the model predicts that the results of both Rosetta and Deep Impact missions will deviate from expectations.


Results of a multicolor surface photometry of 71 star forming regions in the nine late type spiral and irregular galaxies are presented. The sizes and the colors of the star forming regions are studied. The ages of the star forming regions are estimated using evolutionary synthesis method. Two groups of galaxies are distinguished. Within the first group of galaxies, the star forming regions belonging to a given galaxy have approximately the same age. In the second group, both young (from 1Myrs ) and intermediate age (several Gyrs ) star forming regions are observed. A correlation between the age and the size of star forming regions exists. A distribution of the star forming regions by size shows a maximum at 100-400 pc. It corresponds to stellar aggregations sizes (by Efremov) in hierarchical scale of star formation. A correlation between maximal diameters of the star forming regions and an absolute blue magnitude of a parental galaxy exists.


Digital Economy refers to an economy which is based on digital computing technologies and can also be referred to as internet economy or web economy as the business activities are conducted through markets based on the internet or the World Wide Web. A Digital Economy also refers to the usage of various digitised information and knowledge to perform various economic activities and uses various new technologies like Internet, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics to collect, store and analyse information digitally. This way the modern digital economies are helping the local and regional business organisations to come out of their local boundaries and step into the global scenario to take advantages of the modern liberalisation policies of the governments along with reduced trade barriers throughout the world. This paper will study the importance of digital economy in the modern world along with the difference between the traditional economy and the digital economy and the current state of digital economy in India. This Study has been casual, exploratory and empirical in nature and the data needed for research work has been collected by using both direct and indirect method of data collection.


It has been demonstrated that arranging the sound fields of a propeller and the piston engine exhaust in anti-phase seems indeed a viable technique to reduce the flyover noise of propeller aeroplanes equipped with piston engines. As the experimental results obtained in the near- and far-field of an aeroplane in flight are very encourageing, the application of this noise reducing technique to a more suitable test aeroplane is presently prepared. Higher noise level reductions seem possible with optimizing the relative positions of the sound sources of the aeroplane. The requirement for an improvement can be readily accomplished.


The conventional reliability analysis is based on the premise that increasing the reliability of a system will decrease the losses from failures. In this paper it is demonstrated that increasing the reliability of the system does not always mean decreasing the losses from failures. An inappropriate increase of the reliability of the system may lead to a simultaneous increase of the losses from failure. In other words, a system reliability improvement, which is disconnected from the losses from failure does not necessarily reduce the losses from failures. An efficient discrete-event simulation model and algorithm have been proposed for reliability analysis based on the losses from failure for production systems with complex topology. The model links reliability with losses from failures. A new algorithm has also been developed for system reliability analysis related to productions systems based on multiple production units where the absence of critical failure means that at least m out n production units are working. The parametric study conducted on the basis of the developed models revealed that a dual-control production system is characterized by enhanced production availability, which increases with increasing the number of production units in the system. A production unit from a dual-control production system including multiple production units is characterized by a larger availability compared to a production unit from a dual-control production system including a single production unit. The proposed approach has been demonstrated by comparing the losses from failures and the net present values of two competing design topologies: one based on a single-channel control and the other based on a dual-channel control. The proposed models have been successfully applied and tested for reliability value analysis of productions systems in deepwater oil and gas production. It is also argued that the reliability allocation in a production system should be done to maximize the net profit/value obtained from the system. Consequently, a method for setting reliability requirements and reliability allocation maximizing the net profit by minimizing the sum of the capital costs and the expected losses from failures has been proposed. Reliability allocation which maximizes the net profit in case of a system consisting of blocks arranged in series is achieved by determining for each block individually, the reliabilities of the components which minimize the sum of the capital costs and the expected losses from failures.


SmartNet is a management scheme for near-optimal allocation of very heterogeneous HPC resources, including both machines and networks. Currently it is PVM-based, but it could be based on any or on multiple Distributed Computing Environments. SmarI.Net is specifically designed for very heterogeneous configurations, i.e., for those in which opponunistic load-balancing is insufficient as a primary allocation paradigm. SmartNet makes automatic allocation decisions based on theoretical and experiential information about relative affinities of various tasks to different machines.


The wearable device (wearable device) is disclosed. Worn on the user's body as possible wearable device, the virtual UI screen configured to at least detect the target area, and corresponding to the shape of the target portion in a single image projection section comprising a projector, a photographing unit, and, an image taken through the shooting control image projection unit to project a target area, and a processor for performing a function corresponding to the input according to a user interaction with the virtual UI screen.


reagents that are sensitive and specific, but where rare antisera are concerned, we are limited by problems of availability of raw material. The consumer has a responsibility to understand and accept the limitations inherent in the performance of blood grouping tests, and to keep them in mind when interpreting test results. MARGARET TREACY PATRICIA BONNESS Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc. Route 202 Raritan. NJ 08869


A camera automatic rotation device of a portable terminal is provided to automatically control a user's display unit viewing direction and a camera's focal point direction by a rotation interlocking unit without manual operation for a separate focal point direction as a folder unit is open and closed, thus a convenient viewing angle is obtained. A rotation interlocking unit delivers rotation of a folder unit(26) to a camera(32), so that the camera(32) can be rotated as the folder unit(26) is rotated on a body unit(22). The rotation interlocking unit comprises as follows. A folder gear unit(36) is formed on the folder unit(26). A camera gear unit(40) is formed on the camera(32). A delivery gear unit is formed to be individually engaged with the folder gear unit(36) and the camera gear unit(40).


IntroductionSaudi Telecommunication Company (STC) was established in 2003 transforming its operations from the umbrella of the government into a private company providing both fixed and mobile services in the country. However, the government is still having the majority of shares. In 2007, Mobily a mobile telecommunication services company was established becoming a serious competitor to STC. Since then, Mobily has grown on the expense of STC taking a growing number of its customers benefiting from the experience and knowledge of its parent company (Etisalat) of the United Arab Emirates. In 2008, share prices of both STC and Mobily were almost the same, after that, STC has shown a decline in its share prices becoming almost half of Mobily's share price. The decline in share prices of STC accompanied by the fast growing share prices of Mobily along with the later attracting more of STC customers makes this study to be of some importance. The company tries to reorganize itself after departing the public system of the government into the private competitive environment. STC has spent considerable financial resources to reengineer its operations in order to fit the fast growing telecommunication sector especially the mobile services. In addition, the company provided what was called in 2005 "the Golden Check" in order to encourage thousands of its employees to get early retirement. The reason for that move is to reduce the number of employees and to relief those who are not productive. STC inherited those employees from the government run company during its operations as a public company. However, that policy of the Golden Check resulted in loosing considerable number of excellent employees. In addition, in an attempt to change its organizational culture, STC has provided its employees with hundreds of training programs inside the country and in most cases out of Saudi Arabia.After introducing the deterioration and decline of STC shares and image in the country, this study is needed to evaluate the company quality services from the views of its customers using SERVPERF scale of measurement. Cronin and Taylor (1992) present SERVPERF model to measure service quality in four industries; banks, pest control, dry cleaning and fast food. They prefer SERVPERF over SERVQUAL criticizing the later as being confusing with service satisfaction. We use this scale since it has been used and tested before for different companies and different services which may increase the validity of research instrument.The studies evaluating service industry and especially telecommunication firms in Saudi Arabia are limited. Therefore, results of this current research may explore the real achievement of STC regarding the quality of service in the country. Using SERVPERF scale on this regard, is another positive significant attribute that this study may have in the field of evaluating telecommunication services in the country and in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC). Since this scale has been used and tested in other studies of the service industries worldwide and become a useful tool of measurement. STC may learn lessons from the outcomes of this current research and discover its problems and shortcomings and hence improve its services and dealings with its customers.In addition, other phone companies might also benefit from the results of this study. In this study, it will be an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of SERVPERF scale and whether or not alterations or changes are needed for better scale of evaluating service industry. Furthermore, the outcomes of the study might encourage STC to conduct further studies in order to pinpoint the negative aspects of its services in the telecommunication field in the country. Banks, hotels, hospitals and other service companies in Saudi Arabia might also benefit from the results of this current research since such firm are dealing with the same customers in the country. Finally, this study might enrich the literature of service quality globally since it is intended to be presented in a conference or published in one of the recognized international journals. …


Debugging of sensor nodes is tiresome and time-consuming, mainly because of limited debug features of nodes and complex interactions in sensor networks. Besides, each software level (hardware drivers, communication protocols, applications) needs a different approach to trace bugs. This paper surveys practical techniques that support bug tracing on nodes at various levels. Bugs may disappear when the program is being tested, for debugging results in extra processing delays. In this paper, we attack this problem by performing a set of micro-benchmarks for common debug techniques. We show their impact on the execution time and also their memory footprint. Based on our experience, we claim assertions to be the most effective debug technique for sensor networks. They result in negligible delays, less than a microsecond, making them suitable for any software level: from hardware drivers to applications. Further, since assertions stop the program execution just after detecting a failure, they narrow down the root cause of the problem. Finally, assertions support bug tracing in PC simulations and on real sensor nodes.


This article considers the temporal constants of the holiday of Christmas in I. S. Shmelev's novel The Summer of the Lord. The key to understanding the verbal image of a holiday is the lines based on Christmas chants. An analysis of lexical and grammatical means of expressing temporal semantics shows that the past and the eternally present amalgamate in the description of a holiday: in the supra-temporal reality of a holiday, everything abides in the atemporal "now".


This study was motivated by problems and unrest against the number of cases of victims exposed to COVID-19 increased during the Covid-19 Pandemic period. In this study, the authors analyzed five banner texts that focused on the appeal on how to minimize the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to determine messages related to how to overcome the application of the application of 5 M application found in banners, benner, and community service advertisements. As well as the meaning contained in the text of the 5 M application message about Covid-19. Data collection techniques with library research or library research with a hermeneutics approach. This thesis uses hermeneutics theory Hans-Georg Gadamer. With this hermenetuika theory, a message of 5 m is found through historical, dialectics and application. The results of this study indicate that in the text found a message related to the application of 5 m, namely the distribution of messages invites the public to comply with the things that have been determined by the government about the dangers of Covid-19, containing relevant sentences that cause close relationships and relationships related to the problem being faced in the middle public. In receiving a message it needs to be considered related to the truth of the message itself. Given that a message that is not clear truth can lead to chaos and the increasing number of Covid-19 cases among the people. Thus, researchers also suggest that people always do a message of application of 5 M that has been implemented by the government.


ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of heat-related illnesses (HRI) and their associated factors among rice farmers in Central Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 379 farmers from August to September 2021 in Ha Tinh province on the north-central coast of Vietnam. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, farming activities, heat exposure, and health issues. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with HRI. Results: At least one HRI symptom was experienced by 83.4% of farmers, and two or more HRI symptoms were experienced by 55.1% of farmers during the last harvesting season (the summer-autumn rice season, 2021). Factors significantly associated with HRI were age, having chronic diseases, type of farming tasks, the number of hours working in the heat, and water intake. Farmers working outdoors for more than 4 hours in the heat were 2.3 times [95%CI: 1.14–4.69] more likely to experience HRI than those working fewer than 2 hours. A higher risk of HRI was also associated with heavy farming tasks (OR = 2.35, [1.34–4.14]), having hypertension (OR = 3.75, [1.90–7.81]), cardiovascular diseases (OR = 2.53, [1.03–6.93]), and other chronic conditions (OR = 2.51, [1.51–4.25]). In contrast, a lower risk of HRI was found in the older group (OR = 0.44, [0.22–0.87]) and increased water intake (OR = 0.46, [0.27–0.77]). Conclusions: Hot weather is a significant occupational health risk for farmers in Vietnam. Changing the working schedule, working in shorter intervals, and remaining well-hydrated should be considered in HRI prevention strategies.