S>The exogenous and sedimentary deposits of uranium show a clear relationship with arid zones of corresponding geological eras. Thus, many of the secondary uranium deposits of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic era in the western states of the U.S. are due to the favorable dry climatic conditions which prevailed in this region for millions of years. A semi-arid climate is a necessary condition for the concentration of uranium in the Tertiary deposits of Western Japan. An attempt is made to relate the formation of sedimentary uranium deposits of earlier ages to the paleoclimatic conditions reigning at the time. It is shown that dry or semi-arid conditions are required for the formation of secondary uranium deposits in all geological epochs. Under conditions of high humidity and a warm climate, uranium is rapidly leached from the soil. This process is slowed down considerably under arid conditions. Decaying vegation results in reducing conditions which tend to precipitate uranium. The low temperatures in the polar regions limit the migration of uranium. All the required conditions for the formation of exogenous uranium deposits exist in arid zones. These conditions are: a high rate of weatherlng and leaching of uranium, high mobility of uranium in the zone of hypergenesis,more » and favorable conditions for the precipitation of uranium from the leach water. This genetic relationship is of importance in discovering uranium, especially in deposits of older formations. (TTT)« less


Stock price movement with respect to dividend announcements is an important issue that attracted many academicians and scholars in emerging stock markets over decades. This study was undertaken to test the validity of the application of Dow Theory in the contemporary situation of Indian stock market by investigating the market reactions to dividend announcements on equity price and traded volume. All companies listed in the eleven sectoral indices in Bombay Stock Exchange have been selected for this study. The study covers all 851 dividend announcements made by these companies from the financial year 2009–10 to 2013–14. This study uses secondary data on daily share price and traded volume published by Bombay Stock Exchange to study their impact due to declaration of dividend. This research has adopted the Event Study methodology to find out the abnormal average return on account of dividend declaration. This study found that, dividend announcements have made significant impact on share price and traded volume during the event window. Also the tenets of Dow Theory were validated and discussed in this study. The mean abnormal average return and traded volume during the post event announcement is higher than the pre event announcement.


Translation Studies as a discipline has witnessed a rapid growth since the 1950s,and effectively moved beyond the once prevalent linguistic perspective of translation particularly after the so-called Cultural Turn.Both translation and Translation Studies have been redefined and enriched with diversified perspectives and methodologies,hence eliciting pluralistic perspectives in translation criticism.This article reports a survey of related articles published in several translation studies journals and demonstrates the dimensional extension of the discipline.


The deuterium content (δDSMOW) of the water extracted from coexisting biotite and hornblende in granitic rocks was measured. The relationship between δD of biotite and hornblende suggested an isotopic equilibrium in the rocks of four granitic bodies in the Kitakami mountains (Northeast Japan), and the maximum temperature of isotopic equilibration of biotite and hornblende was estimated to be 700-1, 000°C, provided that the minimum temperature was 450-550°C. The δD value obtained for the water with which these minerals equilibrated was -29_??_-37‰ and is definitely enriched in deuterium relative to the present local surface water. On the other hand, the relationship between δD of biotite and hornblende in the Ryoke metamorphic belt contiguous to the Median Dislocation Line (Southwest Japan) indicated an isotopic disequilibrium. In this case a complicated history of formation of these granitic rocks in terms of the interaction of water and hydrous silicates was inferred.


The attitude of Russian young people to such social phenomenon as international marriage is discussed in the article. The author gives results of questionnaire survey among students of Astrakhan State University held by her and conclusions based on data of the research, which are partially confirmed by results of the content analysis of the site of dating and information from the Global Competitiveness report. Urgency of the phenomenon under study, attitude to international marriage, its understanding and awareness of the consequences are analyzed.


Pyrazolines are prominent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and many pyrazoline derivatives have found their clinical application as
NSAIDs. Side effects caused by selective NSAIDs always create a need for further investigation and studies of some newer anti-inammatory
agents for various clinical conditions. Out of the studied compounds, 1-(3-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)vinyl)-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-
yl)ethan-1-one was observed to have signicant anti-inammatory activity which can be benecial after further investigation and derivatization.


Cloud and aerosol modification factors are investigated in the spectral range of ultraviolet (UV) to correct for cloud and aerosol extinction effects from clear sky irradiance. The cloud modification factor (CMF) and aerosol modification factor (AMF) are estimated using radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations and ground-based observations in Seoul, Korea. The modification factors show a spectral dependence within the spectral range of 300 to 360 nm, which is the range used to estimate erythemal UV. The CMF and AMF values are estimated with high spectral resolution with considerations of solar zenith angle (SZA), cloud/aerosol amount, and total ozone variation. From the simulation studies, the variation in the CMFs within the spectral range of 300–360 nm is estimated to be 0.031–0.055, which is twice as large as the decrease in CMFs resulting from a SZA increase of 10°. In addition, the CMFs estimated from observational data show significant spectral dependence, varying from 2.5% to 10.0%. Because of the small aerosol optical depth (AOD) value, however, the variation in the AMF calculated from simulations is estimated to be between 0.007 and 0.045, indicating lower spectral dependence than the CMF. Furthermore, the spectral difference in the AMF calculated from observational data is insignificant relative to the daily-averaged total ozone error and uncertainties related to the reference irradiance spectrum under aerosol-free conditions.


The objective of this project is to determine the effects of choline supplementation on DNA methylation in the hippocampus of the offspring from mouse dams with GDM.

 In this study, female mice were divided into four groups: high fat (HF) feeding (to induce GDM), HF with choline supplementation, normal fat (NF) control and NF with choline supplementation. The experimental groups followed their diets and supplements for 4 weeks before timed mating and throughout gestation. Thereafter, they were fed the NF diet during lactation. After weaning, the offspring were fed the HF diet for 6 weeks before dissection. Brain hippocampus was then dissected for DNA extraction and global DNA methylation analysis.

 Global DNA methylation was increased in the NF choline supplemented group versus the NF control group (P = 0.056); however, there were no differences between the HF choline versus the HF or NF control groups (P = 0.992).

 In summary, there was an interaction between maternal HF feeding and choline supplementation in influencing global DNA methylation. Maternal HF feeding eliminated the increase in offspring hippocampal DNA methylation by choline supplementation observed under the NF feeding condition.

 NIGMS.


Fracton phases feature elementary excitations with fractionalized mobility, and are exciting interest from multiple areas of theoretical physics. However, the most exotic 'type II' fracton phases, like the Haah codes, currently have no known experimental diagnostic. Here we explain how gapless type II fracton phases, such as the U(1) Haah code, may be identified experimentally. Our analysis makes use of the 'multipole gauge theory' description of type II fracton phases, which exhibits ultraviolet-infrared (UV-IR) mixing. We show that neutron scattering experiments on gapless type II fracton phases should generically exhibit pinch points in the structure factor, with distinctive parabolic contours as a result of UV-IR mixing. This distinctive pinch point structure provides a clean diagnostic of type II fracton phases. We also identify distinctive signatures of the (3+1)-D U(1) Haah code in the low temperature specific heat.


The article discusses sexual violations in men and women in the context of changing attitudes towards sexuality and gender roles in modern society. Paired sexual function is the key to the problem of diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders. The nocebo effect of destructive partnerships is considered as an important pathogenetic factor in the development of sexual dysfunctions in patients with anxious and hysterical personality traits.


Colorectal cancer occurs in the rectal of humans, and early detection has been proved to reduce its mortality rate. Colonoscopy is the standard used in detecting the presence of polyps in the rectal, and accurate segmentation of the polyps from colonoscopy images often provides helpful information for early diagnosis and treatment. Although existing deep learning models often achieve high segmentation performance when tested on the same dataset used in model training; still, their performance often degrades when applied to out-of-distribution datasets, leading to low model generalization or overfitting. This challenge is often associated with the quality of the features learnt from the input images. In this work, a novel Context Feature Refinement (CFR) module is proposed to address the challenge of low model generalization and segmentation performance. The CFR module is built to extract contextual information from the incoming feature map by using multiple parallel convolutional layers with progressively increasing kernel sizes. Using multiple parallel convolutions with different kernel sizes helped to extract more efficient multi-scale contextual information and thus enabled the network to effectively identify and segment small and fine details, as well as larger and more complex structures in the input images. Extensive experiments on three public benchmark datasets in CVC-ClinicDB, Kvasir-SEG, and BKAI-NeoPolyp showed that the proposed ConvSegNet model achieved jaccard, dice and F2 scores of 0.8650, 0.9177, and 0.9328 on CVC-ClinicDB, 0.7936, 0.8618, and 0.8855 on Kvasir-SEG, and 0.8045, 0.8747 and 0.8909 on BKAI-NeoPolyp datasets respectively. Also, an improved generalization performance was achieved by the ConvSegNet model, compared to the benchmark polyp segmentation models. Code is available at https://github.com/AOige/ConvSegNet.


Selective sorption uptake kinetics is a new experimental approach to the determination of the components of the diffusion tensor of reactant or adsorbate molecules in microporous crystals with anisotropic channel system. By first orienting molecular sieve crystals vertically or horizontally and then embedding them in sputtered copper, one finds that an abrasion of the resultant composites opens selective pathways along the z axis or the x,y axes. The new method is demonstrated for the study of the diffusion anisotropy of n-hexane in ZSM-5. Analysis of the sorption uptake curve showed that the diffusion along the length of the crystals (z direction) is ca. 3 times slower than that occurring perpendicular to this direction


Cerebral blood flow (CBF) falls as hematocrit (Hct) rises. Investigators have differed on the relative importance of the increases in arterial oxygen content (CaO2) and blood viscosity (η) in mediating the fall in CBF. In a previous abstract (Pediatr. Res. 18:377A, 1984) we reported preliminary work in newborn lambs and concluded that the increase in η as Hct rose from 20% to 40% accounted for 45% of the decrease in CBF. Subsequent studies have confirmed this finding. In 18 lambs we performed an isovolemic exchange transfusion with pure methemoglobin containing adult sheep red cells and raised Hct (19.8±0.3 vs 39.0±0.5%; X±SEM) and η (2.6±0.1 vs 4.3±0.2 centipoise: shear rate=230/sec) with minimal increase in CaO2 (9.3±0.2 vs 10.2±0.2 vol%). Other variables known to influence CBF (PaCO2, pH, P50, mean arterial blood pressure) did not change. Similarly, cerebral O2 consumption (CMRO2) was constant. The fall in CBF (microsphere technique: 141±8 vs 103±5 ml/100g/min) must be attributed to the increase in η alone. On the basis of 18 lambs we calculate that the increase in η accounts for 64% of the decrease in CBF as Hct rises from 20% to 40%. The effect of η varied widely among animals, but correlated closely (r = 0.81) with the baseline cerebral fractional O2 extraction E = [CMRO2/(CBFxCaO2)]. Animals with the most luxuriant oxygen supply (CBFxCaO2) relative to demand (CMRO2) had the greater decrements in CBF.


This work reflects about the critical geopolitical proposals face the developmental theory in the contemporary agenda, and their different interpretational approaches. There are several  versions of the neoliberal's practices that can be characterized from its linkages with the worldwide market: the orthodox version of free trade; the trade-managing version, which is based upon the Return of State approach; and the communitarian integration version. The first goal is to understand the global impact context of these different versions. And, a second goal, to analyze their impact in Latin America and the Caribbean: the Washington Consensus and his intention to actualize its principles from the adaptation of international institutions, the reformist attempts of these neoliberal hegemonic tendencies, that includes the citizenship andsocial participation in the development theme, from a state-centered approach. As results appears strategies of development that apparently promote institutional processes with  communitarian integration inspiration as a tendency, but finally strong's the privatizing neoliberal version. The article concludes with the economical, political, environmental and cultural traits, which were founded as mega tendencies, which challenge the possibilities of a sustainable development in a context of justice, equity and participative democracy.


the objective method." McCullough et al 2 found that although the specificity of subjective bedside assessments of voluntary cough ranged from 79 to 89%, sensitivity was poor, ranging from 26 to 42%. This indicates that, if used alone, subjective assessment of voluntary cough would miscategorize at least half of the patients at increased aspiration risk. Our results show that objective assessment of voluntary cough has sensitivities and specificities in excess of 90% in predicting patients at risk of aspiration, and this represents an improved accuracy over standard subjective measures. These findings indicate that objective measures of voluntary cough may be useful to screen stroke patients for the need for further evaluation of swallow function by a speech language pathologist. 1 Therefore, the higher sensitivity and specificity of objective analysis of voluntary cough when compared to a traditional bedside assessment (including evaluation of reflexive cough) for the identification of aspiration risk is clinically important. The necessary equipment needed for voluntary cough testing is readily available and easy to use. The test can be completed quickly and is safe (ie, it does not require patients to risk aspiration by attempting to swallow any material). We do not dispute that other measures of airway protection may also be clinically useful and agree that additional studies evaluating airway protection are needed. Further studies of this nature will help to refine screening tools and spur the development of novel interventions to reduce the stroke patient's risk of aspiration.


This letter considers a cooperative decision-making method for an adversarial bandit problem on open multi-agent systems. In an open multi-agent system, the network configuration changes dynamically as agents freely enter and leave the network. We propose a distributed Exp3 policy in which a group of agents exchanges the estimation of the expected reward of each arm with active neighboring agents. Then, each agent updates the probability distribution of choosing arms by combining the estimated rewards of neighboring agents. We derive a sufficient condition for a sublinear bound of a pseudo regret. The numerical example shows that active agents can cooperatively find the optimal arm by the proposed Exp3 policy algorithm.


System of abstract models of technological process in equations of set algebra on the global or local hierarchy levels is shown.


The primary aim of this research was to investigate the effect of financial literacy on the performance of selected women-owned SMEs in Awka, Anambra State. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, the study collected both quantitative and qualitative data, examining the impact of three specific financial literacy components: debt management literacy, budgeting skills, and book-keeping skills. Regression analyses were employed to ascertain the relationships between these financial literacy aspects and SME performance. Findings revealed a nuanced influence of financial literacy on SME performance. Notably, debt management literacy exhibited a negative yet significant relationship with SME performance, indicating challenges in effectively implementing financial knowledge. Book-keeping skills also had a negative but significant impact on SME performance, suggesting an overemphasis that might divert attention from other growth opportunities. In contrast, the effect of budgeting skills was found to be non-significant, pointing to its potential overshadowed role or regional variations in its application. Based on these outcomes, specific recommendations were posited. Women entrepreneurs are advised to undergo holistic financial training that focuses on the strategic application of knowledge, particularly in debt management. Additionally, while the importance of book-keeping remains undebated, diversifying skills to encompass other business aspects is crucial. Lastly, a renewed approach integrating traditional budgeting with local challenges is advocated to make budgeting more impactful for SMEs in Awka.


The paper gives an integral description of the phase behaviour of the propane-water system from very high to very low pressures in the form of a series of consecutive isobaric T, x-diagrams. A new p, T — projection is presented. Didactic aspects are emphasised and the heuristics of the relationships between the diagrams outlined. Special attention is given to the equilibria involving hydrates. Other aqueous binary systems of similar behaviour are briefly summarised.

On presente dans cet article une description integrale du comportement de phase du systeme propane-eau pour des pressions allant de tres basses a tres elevees, sous forme d'une serie de diagrammes T-x a pression constante. Une nouvelle projection p-T est presentee. Les aspects didactiques sont mis en relief et l'heuristique des relations entre les diagrammes est soulignee. Une attention particuliere a ete accordee a l'equilibre entrainant la formation d'hydrates. D'autres systemes binaires aqueux de comportement similaire sont egalement brievement decrits.


Abstract Background: Appendiceal mucoceles represent neoplastic and non-neoplastic, dilatated, mucus filled appendix vermiformix. Appendectomy is obligatory due to a possible malignancy. It is crucially important to avoid rupturing of the mucocele because it can result in pseudomyxoma peritonei, with high morbidity and mortality. Case Report: We presented a 52-year-old man with pain and palpable mass in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The mucocele was removed without a rupture, and the patient was discharged from the surgical department one day after the surgery without a complication. Discussion: The resection must be done very carefully, because the rupture of a mucocele can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei, a very dangerous and often lethal condition. Due to the concern of rupture, we performed the classical resection through laparotomy. Conclusion: It is very important, especially for young, inexperienced surgeons to be aware of this rare diagnosis and perform a surgical intervention according to the guidelines of good clinical practice.


Measurements of the temperature dependence of resistivity and Hall coefficient in cobalt‐doped silicon show a donor level 0.40 eV from the valence band and an acceptor level 0.53 eV from the conduction band. These levels appear to be due to different charge states of the same center. Absorption and photoconductivity measurements support these determinations. Closed tube diffusions of silicon wafers on which cobalt has been evaporated result in maximum concentrations of electrically active cobalt of about 3×1014 cm−3.


In this work we consider the non local evolution equation with time-dependent terms which arises in models of phase separation in $\mathbb{R}^N$ \[ \partial_t u=- u + g \left(\beta(J*u) +\beta h(t,u)\right) \] under some restrictions on $h$, growth restrictions on the nonlinear term $g$ and $\beta>1$. We prove, under suitable assumptions, existence, regularity and upper-semicontinuity of pullback attractors with respect to functional parameter $h(t)$ in some weighted spaces.


We have all experienced the moment when we are obliged to explain accounting research to a 'lay' person. The longer you are in this community, the more glib you get at this somewhat tortured description, perhaps resorting to metaphors that others are too polite to probe. Sometimes, we get a related question that is, in many ways, even more problematic—such as queries regarding the current credit crunch. Why we undertake research is a question that, at first glance, can be easily deflected with noble sounding words. In actuality, the question cuts to the core of some unpleasant realities. To penetrate these realms, I offer (what else?) a metaphor. Indulge me for a few paragraphs. Perhaps no discipline other than accounting believes in the market with such passion. The language of business tells the story as a score about what works and what does not. Juxtapose the conventional high-minded answer to the 'Why we do research?' question and you have a disconnect. When we say that we have to discover truth, or to create knowledge, we are hard-pressed to demonstrate usefulness or even a demand for the scholarship that we generate. In most cases, whether there is even a readership for what we write is speculative. The lack of consumers outside a very small sphere also suggests that we are not even furthering our institutions' supposedly unquenchable thirst for heightened notoriety. At the risk of proposing collective irrationality, there must be a better explanation. I propose that publishing in Accounting serves only one purpose. Publishing establishes and reproduces the system of stratification among accounting academics. As such, publishing functions as—in effect—the currency in an economic system. The purpose of seeking to place one's work in print is to acquire this imaginary currency and ultimately to enjoy what its possession can convey. Yes, it is just a metaphor, but I propose that it is a powerful one capable of sense making.


The present invention, the surface roughness or caused the peripheral portion of the substrate to a polishing apparatus for removing a film formed on the peripheral portion of the substrate. Polishing apparatus, feeding the housing (3) forming grinding chamber (2), and the turntable for holding and rotating a substrate W (1), a polishing tape (5) to the polishing chamber (2) within the polishing chamber and fed abrasive tape (2) (5) winding the take polishing tape supply winding mechanism (6), a substrate polishing head (35) for pressing the polishing tape (5) against the bevel portion of the (W) , the substrate (W) of the liquid supply portion for supplying liquid to the front and back surfaces (50), a polishing chamber (2) of the air pressure within the polishing chamber (2) of the external adjustment mechanism for lower than atmospheric pressure (16 ) and a.


Venezuela is located in the Neotropical area of the planet, a region where climate change scenarios involve a worsening of drought and an increase in temperatures, with the consequent increase in the season and severity of vegetation fires. Additionally, the occurrence of socio-productive activities based on the use of fire in or around many National Parks is a constant fact. Thus, the use of fire in these areas cannot be replaced in the short or medium term, even in those conservation areas, since their indigenous inhabitants make use of fire as part of their cultural legacy. Given the vulnerability of the ecosystems of the National Park System, which includes fire-sensitive vegetation such as forests, new challenges arise, forcing the replacement of formerly established suppression and combat models and developing new, more effective fire management strategies nationwide.From 2010, several initiatives promoted the incorporation of Integrated Fire Management practices (IFM) into new management policies of the Forest Fire Department. These policies include the inclusion of community members, their traditional knowledge and practices about fire management, and scientific criteria, as to achieve an effective reduction of the area affected by fires. This strategy involved the promotion, organization, training and equipment of Community Forest Brigades that integrate voluntarily to the National Risk Management System. This strategy has had a positive impact on the reduction of the forest area affected by fire while contributing to strengthening the culture of self-protection in remote rural communities. The training process and the experience accumulated in Waraira Repano National Park (La Costa Mountain Range, Capital Region), Mochima National Park (Northeast coastal Region), El Guácharo National Park (La Costa Mountain Range, Eastern Chain), and especially in Canaima National Park (Guayana Shield South Region), have set the foundations for the promotion of a national strategy. The bases of this intercultural strategy include rural communities as central characters in the formulation and development of Local Fire Management Plans in the whole country.


The diagnosis of blood-based diseases often involves identifying and characterizing patient blood samples. Automated methods to detect and classify blood cell subtypes have important medical applications. Automated medical image processing and analysis offers a powerful tool for medical diagnosis. In this work we tackle the problem of white blood cell classification based on the morphological characteristics of their outer contour, color. The work we would explore a set of preprocessing and segmentation (Color-based segmentation, Morphological processing, contouring) algorithms along with a set of features extraction methods (Corner detection algorithms and Histogram of Gradients(HOG)), dimensionality reduction algorithms (Principal Component Analysis(PCA)) that are able to recognize and classify through various Unsupervised(k-nearest neighbors) and Supervised (Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Naive Bayes) algorithms different categories of white blood cells to Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, and Neutrophil. We even take a step forwards to explore various Deep Convolutional Neural network architecture (Sqeezent, MobilenetV1,MobilenetV2, InceptionNet etc.) without preprocessing/segmentation and with preprocessing. We would like to explore many algorithms to identify the robust algorithm with least time complexity and low resource requirement. The outcome of this work can be a cue to selection of algorithms as per requirement for automated blood cell classification.


The contents of this Report were originally included in the Recommendation ITU-R SA.1344 – Preferred frequency bands and bandwidths for the transmission of space VLBI data, as an annex. That annex material has been removed from the Recommendation and is maintained in this Report. In preparing this Report, many revisions have been made to the material formerly in the Recommendation and the topics have been rearranged to improve clarity.


The NWChem software as been used to examine many nanoscale systems and their properties over the years. In this paper, an overiew of the general capabilities of NWChem is given as well as more specific details on the planewave and Gaussian based density functional codes usually used for nanoscale investigations. Examples are given of the scientific literature using NWChem, as well as two case studies: 1) Band gaps in oxides using exact-exchange based exchange-correlation functionals with the planewave DFT module, 2) Optical properties of chromophores using the Gaussian based DFT module.


OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of polysomnography documented first night sleep abnormalities in a large cohort of patients with MS who report fatigue.
 BACKGROUND: Fatigue can impact quality of life (QOL), employment, driving safety, and possibly cognition. Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence and degree of fatigue in patients with MS primarily relies on patient self-report. Identifying contributing factors to and the subsequent treatment of fatigue in MS can be difficult. Self-reported data: fatigue, sleep disturbance, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be unreliable. Studies utilizing polysomnography (PSG) to evaluate fatigue in patients with MS are limited by small sample size. The characterization of sleep disorders and abnormalities in patients with MS has been limited to date. Better understanding of abnormalities of sleep architecture in patients with MS might be important to understand the nature of MS fatigue and how to address this common problem.
 DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with MS who reported fatigue, and who underwent overnight PSG studies.
 RESULTS: 206 MS patients were identified who reported fatigue and successfully completed PSG. None of these patients with fatigue were identified to have disturbed sleep architecture prior to undergoing PSG study. PSG documented OSA (AHI蠅5) was identified in: 68% (N=206). Sleep Latency (Normal 30min 105/207 (51%), > 60min 52/207=25%. REM Latency (Normal 80-110minutes) 115/181 (63%) who achieved REM had REM Latency >110min, 63/181 (35%) REM latency >180min, 25/206 (12%) never achieved REM.
 CONCLUSIONS: The presence of OSA, abnormalities of sleep latency and REM sleep latency in MS patients who report fatigue may be more common than previously considered. PSG should be considered in all MS patients who report fatigue. Treatment of MS fatigue due to OSA needs further analysis.
 Study Supported by: no outside support received.
 Disclosure: Dr. Gudesblatt has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Medtronic Inc., Teva Neuroscience, Genzyme Corp., Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. as a consultant and/or speaker. Dr. Zarif has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bumstead has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Fafard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buhse has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, and Questcor. Dr. Buhse has received research support from Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Dr. Brass has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma. Dr. Bardhi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xian has nothing to disclose.


Compared with the traditional teaching,Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) has many advantages.This paper,Xichang college's teachers and students as research subjects,collected the data about the current situation of CAI by using questionnaire survey and interviews,and analyzed this data to promote the better development of CAI and further improve the quality of teaching in our college.


The state is an institutional, political and economic project, and despite this long period of time (nearly a century) since the founding of the Iraqi state, the various political systems that successively governed Iraq were unable to complete the state-building process, which made it suffer and face political, economic, or security challenges. This country has collapsed At the hands of the American occupation, the Iraqi state and society are going through a difficult and complicated stage as a result of the accumulation of problems, crises, political, economic and security challenges, including political violence, the crisis of displacement, internal and external migration, the phenomenon of unemployment and the war against terrorism. The state has an integrated system between political forces and state institutions, as well as with the help of international organizations, especially the United Nations, and the political regime in Iraq under the American occupation and the collapse of political power and state institutions, and then its establishment again by the American occupier, issued by the Coalition Provisional Authority for the year 2004 issued by the governor Civilian Bremer and the establishment of the Governing Council, and after that, several components were established through parliamentary elections. The nation-building went through a difficult and complicated stage as a result of political, security and economic accumulations, all of which led to a fundamental imbalance in the core of the Iraqi state's construction, which hindered it from delivering Tasks in achieving security, political, security and economic stability.


Panel a: This is a cartoon "ribbon" diagram of the structure of Rumi in complex with the donor substrate UDP-Glucose (UDP-Glc, shown in cyan) and acceptor substrate hFA9 EGF (dark green). The spheres represent mutations to Rumi that have been found in human diseases including cancers and Dowling-Degos disease (DDD). Panel b: Disease-related Rumi mutations abolish the enzyme's activity relative to the "wild type" (WT) unmutated enzyme, likely leading to compromised Notch signaling and pathogenesis. Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory


Mapping strain fields in visually opaque structural composites—for which failure is often sudden, irreparable, and even catastrophic—requires techniques to locate and record regions of stress, fatigue, and incipient failure. Many composite materials are transparent in the terahertz spectral region, but their strain history is often too subtle to recover. Here, terahertz metamaterials with strain‐severable junctions are introduced that can identify structurally compromised regions of composite materials. Specifically, multilayer arrays of aluminum meta‐atoms are designed and fabricated as strip dipole antennas with a terahertz frequency resonance and a strong response to cross‐polarized radiation that disappears when local stress irreversibly breaks their bowtie‐shaped junction. By spatially mapping the local polarimetric response of this metamaterial as a function of global strain, the regions of local stress extrema experienced by a visually opaque material may be visualized. This proof‐of‐concept demonstration heralds the opportunity for embedding metamaterial laminates within composites to record and recover their strain‐dependent history of fatigue.


Introduction Following recommendations from the National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP), an audit was performed to assess the impact of measuring inner rather than outer aortic wall diameters during scans for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods Inner and outer aortic wall diameters were taken from a prospective series of 302 patients attending the Vascular Studies Unit at the Leicester Royal Infirmary for routine ultrasound screening or surveillance of their abdominal aorta. Absolute differences, as well as the potential impact on patient management, were assessed. Results The mean difference between measuring techniques was found to be 1.6 mm (95% CI 1.59–1.61 mm). Aortas close to the threshold for surgery were referred on average 8.7 months later than if their outer wall dimensions had been used. Additionally, 1.6% of aortas were considered normal using inner wall measurements, but aneurysmal when measured using the outer aortic walls. Conclusion Mean differences between the two measurement techniques are small and well within acceptable levels of observer agreement. There is currently no evidence to suggest that a delay in aneurysm surgery of around nine months has a detrimental effect to either mortality or morbidity rates. Those patients falling just below the threshold for aneurysm (2.5–3.0 cm) remain a subject of review.


This paper presents a survey of what exists in standards bodies, that is ITV-TS and ISO, on the one hand, and the industry area on the other hand


This study presents high-resolution observations of the molecular core in the star-forming region G34.3 + 0.2. Maps at 6-arcsec resolution of emission and absorption of the J = 1 - 0 transitions of HCO(+), H (C-13)N, H(C-15)N, and of the 2(2) - 1(1) transition of SO were obtained in addition to a map of the 3.4-mm continuum emission from the compact H II component. The HCL(+) emission toward G34.3 + 0.2 traces a warm molecular core about 0.9 pc in size. Emission from H (C-13)N is detected over about 0.3 pc. The cometary H II region lies near the edge of the molecular core. The blueshift of the radio recombination lines with respect to the molecular emission suggests that gas from the H II region is accelerated in a champagne flow caused by a steep gradient in the ambient gas density.


A possibility have been shown for amplification of weak emission intensity of microlasers based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) by thin planar layers of both isotropic dye solutions and dye doped nematic liquid crystals. Very high gain index values (up to 500 cm−1) and absolute amplification of about 15 have been demonstrated. Especially important is the anisotropy of gain in nematics, which allows the field control of the light amplification by an electric field. The planar amplifiers using nematic liquid crystals can easily be integrated within single planar devices together with distributed feedback CLC microlasers. In such a hybrid structure, 6-times amplification of CLC microlaser intensity has been achieved.


The main general purpose of this research was to alert about the existence of the Ionizing Cosmic Radiation, how it can harm the health of jet aircraft crew members, how its incidence increases in high altitudes and what the crew members and air companies can do to mitigate the risk that this long term exposure can cause. This research was exploratory in scope based on bibliographic procedures and documents, through books, articles, researches, studies and news reports. In the end, awareness will be raised on the consequences that might suffer the health of crew members from long journeys at high altitudes, especially those who operate near the poles of the Earth.


On the basis of traditional gravity cement soil retaining wall,engineers improved cement agitating piles and formed a new support structure,the cement soil compound arch structure.In this article,authors introduce its successful application in design and construction of the 5.5 meters deep large area shallow foundation ditch of District A of Tianjin Jili Garden.


We develop a set of analytical approximations for the estimation of the combined effect of various photoionization processes involved in the resonant four-wave mixing generation of ns pulsed Lyman-α (L-α) radiation by using 212.556 nm and 820-845 nm laser radiation pulses in Kr-Ar mixture: (i) multi-photon ionization, (ii) step-wise (2+1)-photon ionization via the resonant 2-photon excitation of Kr followed by 1-photon ionization and (iii) laser-induced avalanche ionization produced by generated free electrons. Developed expressions validated by order of magnitude estimations and available experimental data allow us to identify the area for the operation under high input laser intensities avoiding the onset of full-scale discharge, loss of efficiency and inhibition of generated L-α radiation. Calculations made reveal an opportunity for scaling up the output energy of the experimentally generated pulsed L-α radiation without significant enhancement of photoionization.


The urgency and topicality of the research is due to an insufficient study of zoom-investigating into a pre- and post-translation mental stage, and of ways to identify or forecast the authors mind ethno-centered content. Hereby the objective of the study is to describe ways of representing the oriental ethnic mind in translation from Buryat into Russian. To implement it, the following tasks are solved: to prove the conceptual difference of the Buryat mind within three dimensions the experimental axiological data on the semantic space of three generations of modern Buryats are presented, the main vectors of oriental Buryat mind are determined, the given axiological observations are confirmed on the basis of a literary text material, the author being a conservatively orientally-minded author by himself, and a number of ways to represent the Buryat ethnic mind in translation into Russian are discussed, and their correlated correspondences (ir)relevance issue is respectively raised. The materials are as follows: the semantic differential experiment data and Dambinima Tsyrendashievs story Һuhlshyn uulzalga Last meeting. The research methods are a psycholinguistic experiment, a posttranslation analysis of the target text in Russian, an algorithm presentation of the source text ethnocentered semantics explication at the pre-translation stage which is presented in the conclusion.


In this paper, a novel committee of wavelet and recurrent neural networks to predict the next hour, 24 hour and one-week-ahead load is addressed. Using wavelet multiresolution analysis, the load series are decomposed to different sub-series, which show the different frequency characteristics of the load. Different recurrent neural networks are optimally designed and developed to predict each sub-series according to its characteristics, finally the best recurrent neural network on each sub-series is chosen based on the performance measures such as mean square error, correlation coefficient and mean absolute percentage error on prediction dataset. Feasibility of Daubechies wavelet at different scales with suitable number of decomposition levels is investigated to choose the best mother wavelet for different seasonal load series. The estimated models are evaluated over different weather parameters in order to judge the impact on accurate load prediction. The reliability and consistency in prediction by the adopted technique is proved even in the presence of controlled Gaussian noise to the predicted temperature series. The traditional regression models are developed for the same data as a benchmark. The results are compared with traditional statistical techniques and offered a high prediction precision.


ABSTRACT The esterification reaction between curdlan and maleic anhydride was performed to provide polymerizable double bonds and pH-sensitive carboxylic groups for the curdlan chains. The new derivative was used as macromolecular cross-linker in the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, when thermo and pH-sensitive networks were obtained in the form of microparticles. The loading and releasing profiles of a model macromolecular drug, lysozyme, were evaluated. The protein release rate was influenced by the pH and temperature. The pulsatile release of the lysozyme was also observed, the pulse being the swelling of the microparticles due to the decrease of the temperature under the volume phase transition temperature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Interactive applications require simplifications to lighting, geometry, and material properties that preclude many effects encountered in the physical world. Until recently only the most simplistic reflections and refractions could be performed interactively, but state-of-the-art research has lifted some restrictions on such materials. This paper builds upon this work, but examines reflection and refraction from the light's viewpoint to achieve interactive caustics from point sources. Our technique emits photons from the light and stores the results in image-space, similar to a shadow map. We then examine various techniques for gathering these photons, comparing their advantages and disadvantages for rendering caustics. These approaches run interactively on modern GPUs, work in conjunction with existing techniques for rendering specular materials, and produce images competitive with offline renderings using comparable numbers of photons.


Within the context of the WFIP2 experiment, the authors evaluate the HRRR model on the performance for the 80 m wind speed. In addition they test whether a set of newly implemented physics schemes and/or increased spatial resolution improve the model performance. The evaluation covers multiple seasons, multiple starting times (Z00 and Z12) and is performed against a multiplicity of observational systems. In general an increased resolution improves the model forecast, and the experimental physics suite is only beneficial in the HRRR, but not in the NEST version. Finally the authors unravel under which types of atmospheric phenomena the experiments result in a reduced or enlarged model bias. I find this study a very thorough evaluation that clearly illustrates the challenges the field faces when comparing and improving modelling systems, i.e. against different statistical metrics for different resolutions, under contrasting scale awareness of the model etc. However, I think the paper can be strengthened with limited amount of extra work in order to become more complete in terms of model variables and in terms of setting the future research agenda for model development. Recommendation: major revisions We thank the Referee for the thoughtful comments. We hope we have addressed all of the Referee's concerns and we think that our manuscript did benefit from the constructive comments made by both Referees.


The technique of obtaining a new bioplastic material based on collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid is described. The results of a study of the biomaterial structure and properties in order to assess the prospects for its further use in clinical practice are presented. Co-culturing of the bioplastic material and human fibroblasts did not reveal any its cytotoxic effects on cells in culture. It was shown that the biomaterial samples were able to maintain physical properties in the culture medium for more than 10 days. Due to its physical properties and structure, the use of created biomaterial provides effective conditions for good cell proliferation, which allows us to consider it as a promising biomaterial for use in clinical practice.


Abstract : The thermal training package comprises a handbook and a slide presentation with accompanying script. The handbook contains a description of how the thermal sight works; a review of the thermal controls; and step-by-step procedures for obtaining an initial thermal image, for pre-marking control settings to facilitate obtaining a thermal image, and for scanning a sector; there are also guidelines to help gunners classify detections and estimate range. The scripted slide presentation shows BFV personnel the capabilities of the thermal sight and teaches them how to interpret a thermal image and recognize thermal cues. Keywords: BFV integrated sight unit; Thermal sight; Bradley Fighting Vehicle; ISU operating procedures; Thermal detection; Thermal training.


The question of correlation between dialect and perception (that is, categorization) of synthetic vowels by speakers of different dialects of English was investigated experimentally for speakers fr...


We demonstrate the thermalization of a small but arbitrary quantum system by exactly simulating the unitary evolution of the system and a much larger but finite system (a "bath") to which it is coupled. While the universe, consisting of the system and bath, remains in a pure state, and undergoes a reversible evolution, the system equilibrates to the Boltzmann distribution. In this general canonical setting, we further show that the underlying mechanism for the relaxation is that of "eigenstate-thermalization'.


A survey of the woody plants was conducted at the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a 49,776 ha (123,000 acre) natural area on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee and Kentucky. The annotated catalogue consists of 216 (186 native) species and lesser taxa in 114 (102 native) genera and 55 (52 native) families. One hundred thirty-three taxa are county records. Magnolia fraseri and Ilex ambigua var. ambigua, collected in Scott County, are physiographic records for the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee. Twelve listed taxa of conservation concern were documented including two Federally Threatened species (Conradina verticillata and Spiraea virginiana). The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area was compared to 12 other natural areas including the Obed Wild and Scenic River, Land Between the Lakes, Prentice Cooper State Forest and Wildlife Management Area, and the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. Results show that the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area is among the most floristically rich natural areas in the Southern Appalachians.


The absolute stability of neutral delay systems with sector-bounded nonlinearity is studied.Using new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional,we derive the less conservative stability conditions for such systems based on linear matrix inequalities(LMIs),and present a novel absolute stability criterion for these systems.A numerical example is provided to show that the proposed criterion significantly extends the allowable upper limit of the delay size over the corresponding limits in some other existing criteria in the literature.We also consider the uncertain neutral delay systems,for which the uncertainties are norm-bounded but parameters are allowed to be time varying.


On November 28, 1964, the Mariner 4 spacecraft was launched toward Mars and passed through the outer magnetosphere near the geomagnetic equatorial plane on the dawn side of the earth. The University of Iowa experiment on Mariner 4 consists in part of a thin (∼35 microns) surface barrier detector sensitive to protons in the energy ranges 0.50≤Ep≤11 Mev (D1) and 0.88≤Ep≤4 Mev (D2) and insensitive to electrons of any energy. The maximum proton intensities observed were ∼6×107 (cm2 sec ster)−1 in D1 for 2.97≤ L≤3.80 and 9.3×106 (cm2 sec ster)−1 in D2 for L = 3.14. The observed counting rates are consistent with a spectrum of the form dj/dE = KE−γ with γ increasing monotonically from 1.38 at L∼2.35 to ∼8 at L∼6.5. The counting rates are also consistent with a spectrum of the form dj/dE = Ke−E/E with Eo decreasing monotonically from 740 kev at L∼1.88 to ∼100 kev at L∼6.5. These results represent a new body of measurements of trapped proton intensities near the equatorial plane in the magnetosphere at radial distances by ≳2.5 RE and have been obtained by a different detection scheme than that employed by Davis and Williamson [1963]. Our results are consistent with those of Davis and Williamson. The significance of the observations with respect to proposed theoretical models is discussed.


A new method is presented for calculation of the maximum magnetic force of magnetic ceramics, based on their crystalline structure. The results of this model for the magnetic forces of barium and strontium ferrites are compared with experimental values. In this comparison, the experimental values are less than the values determined by the theoretical model for various magnet cross-sectional areas. This difference is due to the presence of crystal imperfections and incomplete alignment of the magnetic domains. In addition, the magnetic forces of barium and strontium ferrites are a sensitive function of their heat treatments.


PURPOSE: A method for supplying a transportation call service by using code patterns is provided to read code patterns, and to transmit a taxi call message to a service provider server or a transportation provider server, thereby easily calling a taxi even though a user does not know a telephone number or a URL. CONSTITUTION: A user terminal reads a bar code attached to a platform(S500), and extracts code information(S510). The user terminal transmits the extracted code information to a service provider server(S520). The service provider server extracts platform position information corresponding to the code information and information on a transportation provider server. If a service type is not a taxi call service, a corresponding process is carried out(S540). The service provider server transmits a taxi call message to the transportation provider server(S550). The transportation provider server detects a position of a taxi(S560), and transmits the taxi call message to a taxi terminal(S570). A taxi call approval message is transmitted to the user terminal(S580).


The invention relates to a method for removing high-boiling hydrocarbons from water-soluble solvent streams, and these solvent streams arise in industrial processes which lead a solvent as part of the process in a circle, and the solvent must be freed of high-boiling hydrocarbons periodically or permanently, the quality or the desired properties of solvent undesirably affect, and is added to the embodiment of the process in a phase of water, whereby the high-boiling hydrocarbons are separated with water due to their immiscibility, and then the water and solvent-containing and immiscible phase is recycled into the process with water. By the inventive method, the proportion of high-boiling hydrocarbons in the circulated solvents can be held permanently low in an industrial process.


The recollision model of harmonic generation in a time-varying field has two elements: the emission due to a recolliding wave packet, and the quasiperiodic emission of wave packets in successive cycles. By discussing these issues separately, we explain the origin of blueshifting, and the ''smearing'' of the harmonic spectrum. We find that such a model shares many of the qualitative features of the semiclassical theories of harmonic generation. @S1050-2947~97!09401-8#


An injection of ACTH caused a remarkable stimulation in the rate of. 3H-choline incorporation into ethanol-ether extractable fraction of the subcellular components from rat adrenal glands as early as 3.5hr after the injection. The rate of increase in the incorporation due to ACTH administration was most conspicuous in the inner membrane fraction of mitochondria; in this fraction almost 500% increase was observed. Administration of cycloheximide in amount that blocks protein synthesis prior to ACTH treatment inhibited the ACTH effect on the choline incorporation completely, while a large dose of Actinomycin D did not show any influence on the ACTH action.


For many centuries practical agriculturists have realised that legumes, such as peas, beans and vetches, when grown under suitable conditions, enrich the soil for the succeeding crop; but it is only within modern times that a satisfactory explanation of that increased soil fertility was forthcoming. The experiments of Lawes, Gilbert and Pugh in 1857 had led to the irresistible conclusion that plants in general obtained their nitro gen requirements from the soil and not from the atmosphere. This conclusion agreed with the results of field" experiments except where leguminous plants were concerned. The very troublesome fact remained that leguminous crops require no nitrogenous manure, yet they contain large quantities of nitrogen, and the soil in which they are grown is enriched. The problem of where this nitrogen comes from remained unsolved for many years. Hellriegel and Wilfarth in 1888 were able to show from experi ments in sand culture that the growth of a non-leguminous plant, such as the oat, was directly proportional to the amount of nitrate supplied, and that at the end of the experiment the amount of nitrogen con tained in the oat crop and sand was less than that originally supplied. The growth of a leguminous plant, such as the pea, under similar conditions was erratic. In some cases the peas behaved exactly as the oat, but in others the peas grew well even in sand containing no nitrogen, and in these cases there was always an increase of nitrogen at the end of the experiment. They concluded that some factor, which came into the experiment by chance, enabled the peas to obtain their nitrogen from the air. Berthelot in 1885 had shown that certain' micro-organisms in the soil were capable of assimilating gaseous nitrogen from the air; Lachmann in 1858, and .Woronin in-1866, had shown that the nodules of leguminous plants contained bacteria. By connecting these two facts, Hellriegel and Wilfarth came to the conclusion that the bacteria in the nodules obtained gaseous nitrogen from the air and then handed on some of the resulting .nitrogenous compounds to the plant. In other words the nodule bacteria constituted the factor which entered the experiments by chance and caused the con flicting results.


THYROID HORMONES ACCELERATE LARVAL SKELETOGENESIS IN SEA URCHINS (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS) THROUGH A MEMBRANE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED MAPK SIGNALLING CASCADE Elias Taylor Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Dr. Andreas Heyland Thyroid hormones are critical regulators of development and metabolism in vertebrates. In indirect-developing sea urchins, there is strong evidence that thyroid hormones accelerate growth of the juvenile rudiment, a necessary structure for metamorphosis. The juvenile rudiment contains skeletal elements required for survival as an adult sea urchin. I investigated the effects of thyroid hormones on development and skeletogenesis (de novo generation of skeleton) in sea urchins. As well, I investigated a mechanism through which thyroid hormones act on skeletogenesis. Thyroid hormones accelerate initiation of skeletogenesis in several stages of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus larval development, including during gastrulation, formation of the posterodorsal arms, and development of the juvenile rudiment. Thyroid hormones bind to a membrane receptor in skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells. Pharmacological inhibition suggests that this membrane receptor is an integrin and triggers a mitogen activated protein kinase cascade acting through ERK1/2 which phosphorylates transcription factors regulating skeletogenesis, including Ets1 and Alx1.


High-definition metrology (HDM) systems with fine lateral resolution are capable of capturing the surface shape on a machined part that is beyond the scope of measurement systems employed in manufacturing plants today. Such surface shapes can precisely reflect the impact of cutting processes on surface quality. Understanding the cutting processes and the resultant surface shape is vital to identifying opportunities for high-precision machining process monitoring and control. This paper presents modeling and experiments of a face milling process to extract surface patterns from measured HDM data and correlate these patterns with cutting force variation. A relation is established between instantaneous cutting forces and the observed dominant patterns along the feed and circumferential directions. Potential applications of such relationship in process monitoring, diagnosis, and control are also discussed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Alkyl (meth) acrylate (A-1) and 60 to 99.8 wt%, the radical polymerizable unsaturated double bond to a compound having two or more (A-2) and 0.1 to 5 wt%, water-soluble unsaturated monomer (a-3) (provided that the monomer other than the radical polymerizable unsaturated double bond to a compound having two or more (a-2).) 0.1~30 wt% When, a other copolymerizable monomer (a-4) firing the binder resin obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture (a) containing a 0 to 39.8 wt%, wherein the resin 15 wt% solution of the resin to be obtained is dissolved in terpineol is less than η


Hypsiboas caingua (Hylidae) is found in northeastern Argentina, in eastern Paraguay, and in Brazil is known only from the southeastern and southern states of Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. In this study we reviewed the geographic distribution of H. caingua , including the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil among the known distribution of the species.


D-Glucono-1,5-lactone interaction with zinc group metal ions has been studied in aqueous solution and solid salts of the type Zn(D-gluconate)2.2H2O, Cd(D-gluconate)2 and Hg(D-gluconate)2 have been ...


Nowadays in most of the educational systems all over the world many curriculum designers as well as administrators in the ministry of education of different countries recommended a very well-known approach of language teaching and learning namely Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the English classes. In such a circumstance that CLT has been widely adopted by textbook designers and material writers all over the world, especially in ESL countries, different researches which have been conducted in the ESL/EFL countries shows that still in many cases teachers and students have different challenges and problems in order to apply CLT in their schools. In this study researchers attempted to investigate how CLT understood and implemented in Malaysian secondary schools from the students' point of view. In order to get a clear picture of students' understanding, perceptions and the way that they incorporate CLT in the secondary schools a semi-structured interview was conducted among 30 ESL Malaysian students in Malaysian secondary schools. Results of the study showed different contextual and cultural problems regarding implementation of CLT from the students' viewpoint. There were some mismatches between what is going on in Malaysian secondary schools English classes and what has been assigned to do by the curriculum of the ministry of education of this country. At the end of the study some pedagogical implications have been proposed by the researchers which can help decision makers in the language teaching and learning of this country.


Some Africanists work on Africa as a continent, but there are probably more who prefer to focus attention on the area to the south of the desert. The terms "Africa South of the Sahara," and the shorter but less popular "Sub-Saharan Africa" have been invented to meet this need. There are so many differences in historical development, climates, economic policy, education, agriculture, politics, and other aspects between the Union of South Africa and the rest of Africa, however, that one often wishes to exclude the Union or Southern Africa, as well as Northern Africa, from a research project or a discussion. "Tropical Africa" is a convenient label which is in widespread use among those dealing with such things as climate and agricultural production, as well as among some historians, and no doubt its use will continue. But it has not been accepted by the general public, perhaps because it suggests that one wishes to deal with tropical products, the zone between the two tropic lines, or tropical conditions of some kind rather than to merely exclude Northern and Southern Africa from consideration.


Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the second largest single group of healthcareassociated infections (HCAIs) in the UK, accounting for 19% of all HCAIs (Health Protection Agency [HPA], 2011). UTIs are also the second most common clinical indication for empirical antimicrobial treatment (where treatment is started before a diagnosis is confirmed) in primary and secondary care, and urine samples constitute the largest single category of specimens examined in most medical microbiology laboratories. Testing for urinary tract infection in non-catheterised patients


It is proved that conjugated periodic elements of the infinite wreath power of a finite permutation group are conjugated in the finite state wreath power of this group. Counter-examples for non-periodic elements are given.


Technological developments in the Internet and communications have created a vastly complex and dynamic context with diverse heterogeneous networks and fast growth of mobile devices and multimedia. As the Internet becomes the primary mode of communication for many organisations there is requirement to enhance quality of service (QoS) from heterogeneous systems and networks. Traditional networks such as TETRA have become increasingly incapable of addressing the demand for media rich, bandwidth intensive traffic flows and applications. Mission-critical multimedia over new generation mobile networks face QoS constraints. This research explores a novel solution for quality of service performance for streaming mission-critical video data in OpenFlow SDN networks. A Meter Band Rate Evaluation (MBE) mechanism is advanced that improves the native QoS capability of OpenFlow and OpenDaylight. The MBE is a physical component added to the OpenFlow meter table to evaluate and dynamically adjust traffic rates and allows the traffic volume to be specified relative to other traffic in the network. Its design and development are presented and the mechanism is verified through a simulated experiment in an SDN testbed. The results identified that QoS performance experienced a significant percentage increase when the MBE was active. These findings contribute a novel Meter Band Rate Evaluation mechanism that extends the native capability of OpenFlow and OpenDaylight to enhance the efficiency of QoS provision.


Liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons naphthenic-paraffinic concentrate 217-349С of Azerbaijan oils blend diesel fraction in the presence of pentanuclear complexes of Cr, Co, Ni and their mixtures with Zn, Cr salts of natural petroleum acids (MeNPA) has been conducted. Dimensions of crystal structure of catalytic complexes was measured by diffractometer NONIUS CAD4 and calculated with aid of NRCVAX program. The surface of the crystals was analyzed by atomic-force (scanning probe type) microscope SZLM. There have been studied the dependence of yield of petroleum acids on the composition of the catalized. The largest yields of synthetic petroleum acids (SPA) are observed for the catalysts which was taken as mixture. The varying ratio of MeNPA:ComplexMe (Me-metal) significantly affects the performance of the process. Combined use of the catalysts leads to the synergetic effect. The most optimal ratio of catalysts is established as ZnNPA+comp.Co = 2 : 1 (0.1 + 0.05wt.%) and CrNPA+comp.Co= 2 : 1( 0.1 + 0.05wt.%), with yields 22.2% and 23.4% of SPA. Along with petroleum acids the SPA contain also fatty acids of isostructure. The results obtained are recommended for realization in an industrial scale for SPA production.


In 2010, Tao Xie and Dengguo Feng [XF10] constructed the rst single-block collision for MD5 consisting of two 64-byte messages that have the same MD5 hash. Details of their attack, developed using what they call an evolutionary approach, has not been disclosed \for security reasons". Instead they have posted a challenge to the cryptology community to nd a new dierent single-block collision attack for MD5. This paper answers that challenge by presenting a single-block collision attack based on other message dierences together with an example colliding message pair. The attack is based on a new collision nding algorithm that exploits the low number of bitconditions in the rst round. It uses a new way to choose message blocks that satisfy bitconditions up to step 22 and additionally uses three known tunnels to correct bitconditions up to step 25. The attack has an average runtime complexity equivalent to 2 49:8 calls to MD5's compression function.


Antoine Volodine: In my early novels, I was referring exclusively to police situations. The exchange took place in prisons, in cellars, in torture chambers. Nevertheless, the form of the responses always had a relationship to literature: under the guise of a response, the interrogated person recounted stories, or, more accurately, imagined them. Sometimes, too, as in Rituel du mepris, he wrote them down, on whatever was available-straw, mildewed paper-in the darkness of a cage. Quickly, though, starting with Lisbonne, derniere marge, the interrogation was carried out on two fronts: that of information and that of literature. For example, in Vue sur l'ossuaire, the truth that the inquisitors seek with such brutality is inexplicably included in a collection of poetic prose. This slim volume becomes the focus of all the questions. Despite their obsession with piercing its secret, the interrogators do not see the evidence: there is no great mystery; the book seals an amorous alliance that is beyond the reach of the ugliness of politics and war. It's true that the frequency of interrogations in my books has been reinforced since I have been invited by researchers and journalists to speak about my texts, to avow my intentions, and to justify myself concerning the literary means that I use. At the risk of appearing disagreeable, I affirm that only my texts contain the answers to the questions you'd like to ask me. The interview is an exercise that I go along with because I am obliged to, but I don't sincerely believe that it is part of the communication between my readers and myself, or, rather, between the voices of my narrators and the friendship of my readers.


Parameter-dependent quadratic forms (PDQF) play an important role in analysis and synthesis of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. This paper proposes a method to find a PDQF that meets some criterion written in terms of LMI guaranteeing performances of LPV systems. Through approximation of PDQF with spline functions, we derive finite number of LMI from a given LMI-criterion on a PDQF, which is inherently a condition with infinitely many inequalities. This approximating solution to LMI on a PDQF is proved to have the following properties: (1) any solution to the derived LMI of finite number always produces a PDQF satisfying the original LMI-criterion, and (2) the finite LMI-condition always holds with sufficiently fine division of the parameter's region if the original one is solvable. Thus the results of this paper enable to solve parameter-dependent LMI associated with PDQF without conservatism.


A curriculum development team is recommended in order to bring both subject matter and educational methods expertise to the project. Revisions and rewrites, based on feedback from these groups, must be completed before editing begins. Professional editing will assure proper language usage, readability, appropriate flow, and consistency. Professional design and layout of the curriculum, often with the editor and designer working together will assure both accuracy and a professional look. Once designed, the product is printed and/or posted online. When posting online, it is important to include accessibility features during the design phase. Once the curriculum is made generally available it should be evaluated from time to time to assure that it is of value to the users and remains current.


Experiments of ultrasonic vibration assisted powder-mixed electrical discharge surface modification were accomplished.The influence of processing parameters,such as pulse duration,pulse interval,peak current,mixed-powder concentration and ultrasonic vibration amplitude on the surface roughness for ultrasonic vibration assisted powder-mixed electrical discharge surface modification in kerosene was investigated.Results demonstrate that the influence of processing parameters to the surface roughness is obvious,which provides guidance for the optimization of processing parameters.


A near-infrared spectral reflectance system was developed and tested online to predict 14-day aged, cooked beef tenderness. A contact probe with a built-in tungsten-halogen light source supplied broadband light to the ribeye surface. Fiberoptics in the probe transmitted reflected light to a spectrometer with a spectral range of 400-2500 nm. In the first phase, steak samples (n=292) were brought from packing plants to the lab and scanned with the spectrometer. After scanning, samples were vacuum-packaged and aged for 14 days. They were then cooked in an impingement oven to an internal temperature of 70°C. Slice-shear force values were recorded for tenderness reference. In phase two, the spectrometer was modified for packing plant conditions. Spectral scans were obtained on-line on ribbed carcasses (n=276). A partial least square regression model was developed to predict tenderness scores from spectral reflectance. In phase three, the developed model was validated by scanning carcasses (n=200) on-line. The predicted shear-force values and samples were sent to the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center for third-party validation. At up to 70% certification levels, the system was able to successfully sort tough from tender carcasses.


high CSF levels of carbamazepine 7. This equates with the potentiation of NMDA-induced depolarization reported in this paper with concentrations of carbamazepine exceeding 50 pM. We have preliminary evidence that perfusion of cortical slices with NMDA releases endogenous glutamate. Thus, carbamazepine, being a tricyclic structure, might inhibit the Na+-depen dent uptake of glutamate at these higher concentrations leading to a potentiated depolarization. Carbamazepine at all concentrations used in our experiments had no effect on the spontaneous depolarizing shifts which suggests a lack of blocking effect at Na + channels especially since tetrodotoxin at 1 ~tM completely inhibits these spontaneous depolarizing shifts 5. The site of action of carbamazepine on the NMDA receptor/ channel complex cannot be defined from these present experiments. However, it does appear unlikely that it is within the NMDA receptor-operated channel, as compounds such as ketamine and dizocilipine, which block the channel, also inhibit the spontaneous depolarizations 8. An inhibitory action at either the NMDA recognition site, or the glycine modulatory site, remain as possibilities. Antagonists at the NMDA recognition site have been shown to have potent anticonvulsant activity


The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of work environment on the performance of millennial employees in one of the Republic of Indonesia's state ministry offices. Methods of this research is quantitative with a hypothetical testing using SPSS. The population and study sample are all employees who working in companies with minimum one-year work tenure that fall into the millennial age category according to Howe and Strauss (2000). Data was collected using a questionnaire that was built based on the concept of work environment according to Sedarmayanti (2011) and employee loyalty according to Saydam (2011). There are 23 statements in the questionnaire with responses using 5 Likert scales. From the results of descriptive analysis, the average score of respondents' perception was 4.10 for work environment and 4.13 for loyalty of millennial employees. All average perception score is found higher than 80% of the highest value of the Likert scale used (4,00 from 5 level Likert scale). From the hypothesis test results obtained: work environment has a significantly positive effect on the loyalty of millennial employees with a t count of 7.903 and a significance of 0.000. Hypothesis was accepted. Theoretically, the findings from the results of this study have implications to support and complement the results of previous studies. In practical management, the findings from the results of this study have implications: companies need to ensure the availability of work environment factors that have proven to have significant effects on employee loyalty. The work environment factors referred to primarily are the physical work environment (lighting, temperature, layout, and supporting equipment) and non-physical (cooperative relationships, professional colleagues, and bosses that are easily found). From the research results, there are a number of proposals for further research: although the influence of work environment was found to be significant, the coefficient of determination was only 36.7%. It needs to be further investigated for other influential factors which are 63.3%. Keywords—work environment, loyalty, millennial employee


Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a chronic airway inflammation disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling.YKL-40 is a newly discovered inflammatory cytokine which belongs to a member of the chitinase-like protein existing in mammals.In recent years, researches show that YKL-40 is closely linked to the pathogenesis of asthma.This article aims to sum up the effect of YKL-40 level on the pathogenesis of asthma.

Key words:
YKL-40; Chitinase 3 like 1; Bronchial asthma; Airway remodeling


A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826, Oligodon nagao sp. nov., is described on the basis of five specimensoriginating from Lang Son and Cao Bang provinces in northern Vietnam, Guangxi Autonomous Region in southernPeople's Republic of China, and from Khammouane Province in central Laos PDR. This species differs from other speciesof the region by the combination of 15 or 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody, unforked hemipenes, not spinose but withpapillae, entire cloacal plate, a high number of ventrals, a rather short tail and dorsal pattern made of numerous dark,butterfly-shaped blotches. On the basis of the morphology of its hemipenes, Oligodon nagao sp. nov. belongs to the groupof Oligodon cinereus. This new species is compared with other species of the Indochinese Peninsula and China with 15or 17 dorsal scale rows, especially Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917). An updated list of the Oligodon species of this region is provided.


4D visualization of early embryonic chick development is demonstrated with micron-scale resolution using optical coherence tomography. Early development of a chick embryo and a chick embryo eye are visualized in 3D.


According to Compass Jakarta 2 Mei 2010, women are more prone to mental disorders. Health Research 2007 results showed the prevalence of people aged over 15 years who experience mild emotional mental disorders. They are women 16% and males 9%. It indicated that woman more susceptible to mental disorders. According to the chairman Tun Kurniasih Bastaman psychiatric specialist in organization Doctors of Indonesia declared that women will be easier or more susceptible to suicide. This is because women easier to get mental disorder. According to Dr. RH Budhi Mulyanto, SpKJ in his book entitle Bina Jiwa , women have to face more episodes of physical and psychological than men e.g. getting menarche consequently at first menstrual period, pregnancy, lactation, and menoupase besides the more growing culture in the community and facing life. Women have heavier stresor than men. Ponorogo is a small district that borders among east Trenggalek , Madiun , Magetan , north of Nganjuk, south of Pacitan Regency, and west of Wonogiri. Although Ponorogo is a small city, there are a lot of women disruptions. Menstruation and woman menepouse become the similar problem in Ponorogo regency and other regions. Therefore, the researcher is interisting to recognize susceptible mental disorder woman. Moreover, there is a region in Ponorogo district which the citizens get physicological disorders called skizofrenia dan mental retardation .Thus, Ponorogo has given name as the regency with "Crazy Village". Thus, it can be concluded that the education level is dreadfully influence the anxiety even to depression. People with low level education will get difficulties in managing their anxiety properly. The influence of good and high level of education will control someone skills to manage anxiety. Since education can manage anxiety, the higher the education level , the more able he manages his emotions well


The selective therapy of malignant tumours of the female genital tract has led to the abandonment of radical procedures in the treatment of early stages of carcinomas. The histological diagnosis, including tumour localisation, tumour grading, applied therapy, early and late complications are criterion to be taken into consideration in laying down the degree of infirmity. In the light of functional gynaecology, principles for such patients care are laid down, taking into account the time of disablement as well as problems of rehabilitation, not only for patients with malignant tumours of the female genitals but for those with mammary tumours as well.


In this we consider ethical issues of Big Data application by drawing the integrated ethical framework of Big Data implementation that unites ethical issues related to Big Data application and helps various companies to accommodate to local information privacy standards. This is a result of analyzing ethical risks, which vary in different countries depending on legal aspects and information privacy of individuals.


Lattice defects in quartz are accumulated through geologic time while being created by natural radiation from radioactive elements. ESR (electron spin resonance) detects oxygen vacancies in quartz as a signal of the E' center (an unpaired electron at an oxygen vacancy). This method was employed together with CL (cathode luminescence) to investigate the past migration of uranium at the Kanyemba uranium deposit, Zimbabwe. ESR signal intensities are larger in core samples with higher uranium concentrations, in which CL rims are also observed. The ESR intensities, plotted as a function of natural radiation dose rates estimated from the present U, Th, and Κ concentrations, consist of two lines. If the lines are interpreted as two isochrons, the age of the uranium migration is 2% of that age of the sandstone, as young as 5 Ma.


The impetus and innovative idea for research was the rapid transformational changes in society. These changes were expressed in the experimental search activities of the development in education and other social and humanitarian sciences, which are now taking place in the world in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the maximum distanceization of processes, including educational ones. The authors concluded that these changes concern: teaching methods, organization and management of educational processes. In practical teaching, the authors noticed the peculiarities of soft competencies formation in distance learning. Unlike knowledge, soft competencies are formed in social interaction. It is completely different in content and forms of construction in online education than in the offline one. These changes in educational transformations and management of educational processes take place due to fundamental transformations under the influence of: scientific and technological progress, global security challenges, wide access to information, significant part of life virtualization, restructuring of the axis of the teaching paradigm, etc.The main idea of the article is focused on changes of soft competencies formation as they are understood in distance learning; also it was emphasized the changes, necessary for successful teachers' work management in this area. Research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, collection of information, expert opinions, forecasting and modeling), special scientific (analysis of changes in law, recommended practices, observation, authors' own practice and fixation in changes in the educational results of their students).


When the Spaniards entered the Inca Empire in 1532, a civil war raged between the sons of the last Inca ruler Guayna Capac, Guascar and Atagualpa. This war is still insufficiently investigated. During the first phase of the conflict, both parties fought not only against each other, but undertook campaigns in the eastern and western slopes of the Andes in present-day Ecuador and northern Peru. This article investigates the objectives and courses of these military actions and raises the question why they appeared attractive and necessary within the structures of Inca politics and organization. These secondary theatres of war reveal something about the complexity of the dispute between Atagualpa and Guascar and also about the duration of the civil war.


I think most medical educators now accept that e-learning is here to stay but there are still nagging doubts about how it can be used in the most effective way to enhance teaching and learning (Baldwin et al. 2011). Creating an e-learning resource, whether it is a podcast, virtual patient or an online module, initially appears to be a simple task but the reality is that even the most carefully designed resource may not be used by the learner, and if it is used, it may not be used in the intended way. This is not only very frustrating to all concerned but can also prove to be extremely costly, both in wasted time and effort but also in financial terms. The collection of articles in the current issue of Medical Teacher offers some essential and highly practical advice to all educators who want to ensure that the development and implementation of e-learning resources is done in the most effective and efficient way. Carefully following this advice is also likely to be the most cost-effective approach, and this is increasingly of concern to everyone in the present economic climate (Walsh 2010). Several articles in this special issue highlight the importance of using a systematic process in the development of a wide variety of e-learning resources (Adams et al. 2011; Harden et al., in press; McGee & Kanter 2011). This process may initially appear to be obvious and cumbersome but often the most basic aspects are either forgotten or ignored. Ellaway and Davies (2011) emphasise the necessity to apply well-known multimedia design principles so that the essential cognitive processes required for learning can be activated. This view is supported by Dror (2011) who recommends 'brain friendly' design to optimise learning by achieving correct mental representations that will be remembered and applied in practice. The clear message is that effective learning cannot be guaranteed but without careful design it is less likely to happen. Harden et al. (in press) and also McGee and Kanter (2011) describe the need to evaluate a prototype for any e-learning resource so that the resource can be refined and further developed. This is an essential step that in my experience is often ignored yet it is the first opportunity for the hopes and expectations of the developer to be challenged by the face of reality. Understanding both the usefulness and usability of an e-learning resource by the intended user can be a salutary experience for the developer. The perceived usefulness considers the extent to which the needs of the learner are met by the resource, and includes factors such as the nature of the educational content, but it is intertwined with the usability of the resource, which considers factors such as how easily the content can be accessed by learner (Sandars & Lafferty 2010). How often do we become frustrated and give up when we cannot find how to navigate from one screen to another or the font is too small to read on screen? These experiences are often not shared with other developers and a journal article that clearly describes why a particular e-learning approach was not effective can be as informative to the medical educator as one that was highly effective. Another approach to shortening the development cycle is to collaboratively develop e-learning resources, such as that described in this issue by Berman et al. (2011) for the development of virtual patients. Widespread implementation of an e-learning resource is the time when the developer can become highly frustrated by how learners actually use, or more often, not use the resource as expected. Despite carefully following a systematic process in the development of the resource, their well-intentioned efforts are surprisingly not realised. Why should this be the case? My personal experience across both undergraduate medical education and continuing medical education is that we do not fully appreciate the learners at which we target our e-learning offerings. All learners will make strategic choices about how and when they go about the process of learning. Several recent studies have explored the learner's perspective on e-learning. High use of online continuing medical education is often determined by the pressures of home and work, with some learners who deeply engage with the learning content but others who only want a superficial approach (Sandars et al. 2010). The present generation of undergraduate learners rarely see e-learning as a separate entity or special activity (JISC 2010). Each learner will create their own unique approach to learning that integrates a variety of preferred and commonly used personal technologies, such as mobile devices and social networking sites, with institutionally provided technologies, such as virtual learning environments. This integration allows


Organic matter (OM) refers to the largest reactive reservoir of carbon-based compounds on Earth. Aside of its role as a source of carbon, OM is also actively involved in a wide range of ecological functions and its dynamic can potentially impact a large number of biogeochemical processes and/or systems with several consequences on climate, aquatic life, and global habitability. Therefore, OM is a key component in the local and global carbon cycle and a better understanding of OM source, transport, and dynamics in the environment is crucial. Although lipid biomarkers and carbon stable isotopes are the most commonly-used source tracking tools for OM, their applicability and potential limitations have not been rigorously examined yet. To fully validate their use, two critical points need to be examined: 1) conservative behavior with sources mixing, and 2) conservative behavior under diagenetic processes (e.g., microbial degradation). In this study, two end-members (e.g., soil and algae), which represent the most common and contrasted sources of OM in the aquatic environment, were mixed in different ratios and then incubated under different oxygen conditions (oxic versus anoxic) in the dark at 25°C for 60 days. The initial and final chemical biomarker signals (sterols and stanols fingerprint and δ 13 C) for each mixing ratio were analyzed and thus compared. This study allows us to state on the applicability of these tools to trace the OM in aquatic environment but also to understand the effect of several environmental factors on the selected chemical biomarkers signal.


PURPOSE: To compress digital data of an optional length in a perfect state by a table and the tool of a logic operator, etc. CONSTITUTION: An input terminal 4 receives data 6 to be processed and a processing means 10 converts this input data to a compressed data block 8 without an error. The processing means 10 is provided with an array and the simple and fast tool of the logic operator, etc., to execute basically consistent operation at the time of compressing digital data. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The role of diet in health and disease has been known since the beginning of the history of man (The Holy Bible, Daniel, Book 1) and was widely recognized in ancient medical schools. However, recognition of the role of the diet in the development of cancer belong to the modern era, and the proof of a cause-effect relationship to contemporary history. The first epidemiological studies on diet and cancer were carried out in the first half of the last century by a British epidemiologist Percy Stocks and suggested a protective effect of vegetables1. In the same period, rigorous animal experiments proved that caloric restriction reduced the incidence of cancer and prolonged life, and that at any level of restriction a high fat diet permitted formation of a higher percentage of breast tumors than a low fat diet2• The recommendation to avoid becoming overweight and to eat less fat to prevent cancer, in particular breast cancer, dates back more than 50 years but still remains an active field of research. The relationship of breast cancer and being overweight (after the menopause) has been consistently confirmed, but the relationship with fat intake is still controversial3. The potential mechanisms of protection from reduced caloric intake have been clarified only recently: they include reductions in growth-promoting hormones such as insulin, insulinlike growth factor I and sex hormones, and the reduction of oxidative damage to DNA4. In the fifties, cardiologists emphasized a strong geographic correlation between saturated fat intake and its major biomarker, serum cholesterol and mortality for cardiovascular diseases5. In the same years, cancer epidemiologists started cancer registration systems in different parts of the world and began to evidence the huge geographic variability of several cancer types. Cancers of the breast, lung, colon, prostate, ovary, and endometrium showed incidence rates one order of magnitude higher in rich Western countries than in Eastern and third world populations, whereas other cancer sites showed completely different patterns. Cancer of the liver was high in Africa and South-East Asia, cancer of the uterine cervix in Africa and South America, and stomach cancer in Asia and South America. The first volume of Cancer incidence in five continents was published in 19666, but already in the fifties Ernest Wynder7 and Mitsuo Segi8 had suggested that environmental factors such as diet could be a major determinant of the huge geographic differences in mortality rates. In the sixties, studies on cancer incidence in migrant populations, comparing migrants with the country of origin and with the host country, showed that within one or two generations the risk of migrants approached that of the host population, proving that the geographic differences were largely due to environmental factors9•10• In the same years, 'ecological' studies showed a high geographic correlation between the per capita consumption of fat and protein and mortality for colon, breast, kidney and other 'Western' cancers7•11 •12• Since highand low-risk countries differ for many other factors besides diet, these ecological studies do not by themselves prove a causal relationship. However, the hypothesis that diet was a major determinant of the geographic differences in cancer incidence was settled and prompted the development of numerous analytical studies aimed at testing the hypothesis by taking into account individual dietary habits. The differences between the US and Japan for stomach cancer and, in the opposite direction, breast and colon cancer were particularly striking. A Japanese epidemiologist, Takeshi Hirayama, started a large prospective investigation: he sent a simple questionnaire on the consumption of a few dietary items to a few hundred thousand persons and followed the population through death certificates. He discovered, among other facts, that the consumption of green-yellow vegetables was inversely related to mortality from lung, stomach and other cancers, and that the frequent consumption of miso (fermented soy paste) soup was inversely related to subsequent death from breast cancer13• The first case-control studies published in the seventies and early eighties strengthened the hypothesis that breast cancer was favored by a fat-rich diet3 and that lung cancer could be prevented by a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and showed the multiplicative effect of tobacco and alcoholic beverages on esophageal cancer14. Denis Burkitt15, on the basis of his clinical experience in east Africa, hypothesized that the high consumption of vegetable fibers could explain the low incidence of colon cancer and several other 'Western' digestive disease in the third world. Subsequently, colon cancer was associated with a high consumption of fat and meat and a low consumption of vegetables, particularly vegetable fibers, in several case-control studies3• In the eighties, the publication of case-control studies on diet and cancer increased exponentially, and several


William and Otto create analogous models of historical discourse, though their intent and methodologies differed. With thirteen other contributions as varied as those highlighted here, Discovering William of Malmesbury is a rewarding book for scholars of twelfthcentury England. The book lives up to its title, the innovative approaches to William's life and works it contains proposing new discoveries, even for those already familiar with William's legacy. MattHew firtH, University of New England


With the popularity of computationally intensive applications, more and more computing resources are required. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is widely applied as an effective method to meet the increasing computing demands. In a relatively stable state, MEC can provide computing services with low latency and energy consumption. However, in special cases such as communication traffic, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), by taking advantage of its mobility and flexibility, can assist the edge server to cope with the challenge of instantaneous computing surge. In this study, the authors consider a UAV-enabled edge computing system. In addition to delay and energy consumption, the authors also consider computing resources costs in the offloading model. Besides, in order to minimise the computing cost of each mobile user (MU), they apply the non-cooperative game method to model the channel and computing resources competition among MUs. Then, the authors prove that the proposed game is an ordinal potential game and the existence of Nash equilibrium in the game. The authors propose the UAV-enabled computation offloading (UECO) algorithm to obtain the equilibrium strategy. Finally, the authors show that the UECO algorithm can quickly converge through iterative experiments, and it can achieve lower computing cost through comparative experiments.


Resumen en: The article deals with the role of the Pro- State Committees in the formation the state of Baja California. It analyzes the roots of political autonomy i...