PURPOSE: Equivalent long-term local control and cosmetic outcomes between conventional and accelerated, hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy (AWBRT) for early-stage breast cancer have been demonstrated. However, there is uncertainty about the long-term cosmetic outcome of a boost to the tumor bed following AWBRT (AWBRT+B). The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic effect of a boost using a patient reported questionnaire. The cosmetic subscale in the questionnaire was used to compare the appearance of the treated versus non treated breast between the boost and non-boost groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2005, 4392 women 75 years and under with unilateral early-stage breast cancer received AWBRT alone or AWBRT+B. Random samples of 800 women treated with AWBRT alone and 800 women treated with AWBRT+B were identified from the 3960 women still alive at least 5 years after treatment without contralateral disease. The women were contacted by mail to complete a questionnaire based on the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcomes Scale (22 questions regarding cosmetic, pain and functional outcomes). Cochrane-Armitage (CA) trend test and Wilcoxon Rank-sum (WR) were used to compare baseline patient and treatment variables to long-term cosmetic outcomes between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: 312 women (154 received AWBRT alone and 158 received AWBRT+B) completed the questionnaire. The median (range) age of respondents was 57 (40–75) years in the AWBRT alone group and 52 (32–75) years in the AWBRT+B group (p When comparing the overall appearance of the treated to untreated breast, there was no significant difference between the women who received AWBRT alone and those who received AWBRT+B (42% stating no or slight difference vs. 41%) (p = 0.87 CA). Focusing on the cosmetic subscale in the questionnaire, the average summed score for the AWBRT alone group was slightly worse to the score for the AWBRT+B group (2.3 vs. 2.1, p = 0.02 WR). On the functional subscale, the average summed score for the AWBRT alone group was worse than the AWBRT+B group (1.8 versus 1.5, p CONCLUSION: Similar to conventionally fractionated WBRT, patients who receive a boost after AWBRT self-report long-term slightly worse cosmetic and pain outcomes compared AWBRT alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-01.


The hydrothermal reactions of Na3VO4, tetrapyridylporphyrin (tpypor), phenylphosphonic acid and the appropriate M(II) salt yielded the three-dimensional oxide frameworks [Cu(tpypor){Cu2V2O2(O3PC6H5)4}]·2H2O (1·2H2O) and [Ni(tpypor){V4O4(O3PC6H5)4}]·2H2O (2·2H2O), which are constructed from {X2V2O2(O3PC6H5)4}n chains [X = Cu (1), VO (2)] linked through {M(tpypor)} subunits [M = Cu (1), Ni (2)]; the structures differ only in the replacement of the Cu(II) sites on the chain of 1 by {VO}2+ units in the structure of 2, a manifestation of the retention of structural motifs derived from common secondary building units.


A new, inexpensive polarimetric unit has been constructed for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) 1.8 m Plaskett telescope. It is implemented as a plug-in module for the telescope's existing Cassegrain spectrograph, and it enables medium-resolution (R ≈ 10,000) circular spectropolarimetry of point sources. A dual-beam design, together with fast switching of the wave plate at rates up to 100 Hz and synchronized with charge shuffling on the CCD, is used to significantly reduce instrumental effects and achieve high-precision spectropolarimetric measurements for a very low cost. The instrument is optimized to work in the wavelength range of 4700–5300 Å to simultaneously detect polarization signals in the Hβ line, as well as nearby metallic lines. In this article we describe the technical details of the instrument, our observing strategy, and data reduction techniques, and we present tests of its scientific performance.


The influence of titanium nanoparticles embedded in the surface of silicon substrates by ultrasonic agitation on diamond chemical vapor deposition was studied. The deposited diamond particle density (DPD) was found to be substantially enhanced by using a mixed slurry (Di/Ti) compared to abrasion with a diamond slurry solely. It was also determined that, under the ultrasonic agitation conditions used in this work, the addition of titanium particles to the abrasive suspension does not affect the quantity of embedded diamond growth centers, nor does it alter their chemical character. Rather, the Ti particle additives are active during the initial stages of deposition. Ion implantation experiments show that diamond homoepitaxially grows on diamond residues, and that Ti residues do not serve as nucleation centers. The annihilation of diamond growth centers prior to stable substrate formation is attributed to hydrogen etching, while the effect of thermal annealing is negligible. These experiments show that Ti r...


Wildfires can cause the decrease of breakdown voltage of the air gap of overhead transmission line, which in turn cause the malfunction of overhead transmission line. This paper analyzes three reasons for the decrease of breakdown voltage of the air gap caused by wildfires, including high temperature, floating objects, electrons and ions in the flame. Based on these three factors, the air gap characteristics of the wildfires malfunction of the transmission line are divided into flame zone, ion zone and smoke zone. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the characteristics of transmission line malfunction caused by wildfires in North China, including the time distribution, combustion characteristics, wind speed and flashover path of malfunctions. In order to improve the ability to resist the wildfires, technical means and measures for preventing malfunction caused by wildfires are proposed, including strictly controlling the fire source around the transmission line corridor, removing the combustible material in time, and transferring the load of the transmission line reasonably. This work lays a foundation for improving the protection of overhead transmission lines against wildfire.


Abstract Malignant melanoma of vagina is a rare condition. Its histogenesis has been debated and the positive diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for assessing locoregional extension status and post-treatment surveillance of melanoma of vagina. The observation concerned a 53-year-old woman with no specific history who presented a primary malignant melanoma of vagina without secondary locations. To date, the case is the second one reported in the literature. Early diagnosis of the malignant melanoma of vagina may improve patient survival because late diagnoses are punctuated by poor prognosis. We have presented epidemiological with etiopathogenic characteristics and described all imaging features to stage the tumor and to conduct the appropriate treatment.


Ciprofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs called quinolone antibiotics. It is widely used in humans and animals. Excessive use of it increases the risk of poisoning, which occurs due to medical errors or due to the use of high doses to overcome antibiotic resistance. Due to the lack of research on its toxic kinetics. Therefore, the goal of our research was to measure its toxic kinetics in mice. First, the median lethal dose (LD50) was accounted for by the Dixon method. It was 1280,5 mg/kg body weight. Then mice were injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected from mice (five/each time interval) after zero, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 1, 2, and 4 hours after drug administration. Its concentration in plasma was accounted for by the HPLC method. Its highest plasma concentration was 0.88μ g/ml in 15 minutes of injection, and the second rise was 0.76 in 45 minutes of injection. Its toxic kinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. The t1/2 was 1 .52 h with a Vss of 2551.18 (mg)/(µg/ml) and a CL of 1162,26 ( mg)/(µg/ml)/h . The MRT for the drug was 1,31 hours and the AUC (0-∞) was 0,69μ g/ml*h . In conclusion, the acute toxicity of ciprofloxacin in the peritoneum is low and the data show the toxic kinetic profile of a single peritoneal dose of ciprofloxacin in mice


The use of renewable energy resources is greatly encouraged by many governments, with aim for achieving sustainability whilst satisfying ever- growing demand for energy consumption. Among the renewable resources of energy in the world, hydro power plants produce the most electric energy. Small hydro power plants (SHPP) partake in overall hydro power production with around 7% of installed power (approx. 50 GW). Of special interest for small hydro power plants are sites where in the past water power and energy was used, particularly from standpoint of environment acceptability and regional and country planning. According to the regulations in the energy sector: "Besides the Croatian national electricity company (HEP), persons, companies and other legal persons can also produce and distribute electric power". Currently third of the small hydro power plants in Croatia are in private ownership, and trend of private investments is showing continuous growth as investors see possibility for good rate of investment return. Installed power for 95 % of available locations is less than 1 MW. On these watercourses variety of flow conditions can occur which are poorly recorded because of monitoring network scarcity. This paper covers hydrological analysis of the Lika River for location of small hydro power plant Miskulin near the city of Gospic. The Lika River is torrential stream with zero-flow period during dry season and is influenced by considerable backwater from reservoir Kruscica during rainy season. Hydrology at SHPP site is under influence of the Lika River's four tributary streams. This example illustrates method for analysis of sites under extremely temporally and spatially variable hydrological conditions.


The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of solutions for the following Fredholm integral inclusion φ ( t ) ∈ f ( t ) + ∫ 0 1 K ( t , s , φ ( s ) ) ϱ s for t ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] , where f ∈ C [ 0 , 1 ] is a given real-valued function and K : [ 0 , 1 ] × [ 0 , 1 ] × R → K c v ( R ) a given multivalued operator, where K c v represents the family of non-empty compact and convex subsets of R , φ ∈ C [ 0 , 1 ] is the unknown function and ϱ is a metric defined on C [ 0 , 1 ] . To attain this target, we take advantage of fixed point theorems for α -fuzzy mappings satisfying a new class of contractive conditions in the context of complete metric spaces. We derive new fixed point results which extend and improve the well-known results of Banach, Kannan, Chatterjea, Reich, Hardy-Rogers, Berinde and Ćirić by means of this new class of contractions. We also give a significantly non-trivial example to support our new results.


Abstract Although high levels of intervention implementation are more likely to lead to improved student outcomes, educators struggle to maintain high implementation levels over time. School psychologists might provide research-supported, consequence-oriented supports (e.g., performance feedback) to promote educators' implementation, yet these are reactive and potentially time intensive. This study evaluated whether a proactive, antecedent-oriented support (i.e., daily, preprogrammed e-mailed prompts) could effectively promote educators' implementation. Findings indicate that for 3 of 4 teachers who participated in this multiple baseline single case design study, implementation of the class-wide behavior intervention improved upon receiving e-mailed prompts. In addition, increases in praise, decreases in corrective statements, and corresponding improvements in student outcomes were noted. This initial study suggests that prompts may be a feasible and effective Tier 1 implementation support that can be incorporated by school psychologists to support educators responsible for delivering interventions in the classroom. Additional implications for future research and school-based practice are discussed.


We emphasize the importance of variance reduction in stochastic methods and propose a probabilistic interpretation as a way to store information about past gradients. The resulting algorithm is very similar to the momentum method, with the difference that the weight over past gradients depends on the distance moved in parameter space rather than the number of steps.


The problem of binary classification is of great interest across many fields, including data mining, satellite imaging, and medical diagnostics. The performance of a classifier is, mostly, measured in terms of the error rate, i.e., the total probability of misclassification. A more general approach is to use the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). The ROC is a plot of all the possible values of one type of errors versus the other one. Very practical and easy-to-interpret summary measures can be derived from such a curve, e.g., the Area Under the Curve (AUC), and the Partial Area Under the Curve (PAUC).
This dissertation studies the assessment of classification rules using the entire ROC space with no parametric assumptions. That is, the present approach requires having no knowledge about the distribution of the data. In addition, when data are scarce the classification rule should be designed and assessed from the single available data set. In the present regulatory setting for public-policy making, e.g., in the area of medical diagnostics, the available data set is required to be split into two disjoint sets, one for design and the other for assessment. In this dissertation, both strategies are studied. Moreover, the techniques developed in this dissertation assume no particular form for the classification rule to be assessed: the methodology is general across classical as well as novel modern architectures. The linear and quadratic discriminants used in the dissertation were selected, simply, for demonstration purposes.
The contemporary use of the expression Computational Intelligence refers to a number of rapidly maturing branches of the general field of artificial intelligence, including neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms,...etc. Algorithms developed in these subfields to solve classification problems are, from a statistical point of view, nonparametric classification rules. This dissertation may, therefore, provide critical assessment tools for such algorithms when they must be developed within a setting in which data are scarce.


This paper describes the first multi-channel velocity sensor based on a self mixing effect in a monolithic VCSEL array. The self-mixing signals are obtained directly via the feedback caused variation in laser junction voltage, omitting the need for a photodetector. This solution, enabling concurrent acquisition of a plurality of signals, offers significant technological advantage over single channel implementation as it removes the need to scan the target in a raster fashion. In comparison with the spot-raster imaging sensors, the acquisition time is significantly shortened - the mechanical scanning process in is replaced by concurrent acquisition of several channels enabling flow velocity to be sensed on a 2D grid by performing a single sweep of the area. The system was used to measure the velocity profile of fluid flow resembling that of blood circulation in peripheral blood vessels.


Cognitive radio (CR) systems have to be able to detect the presence of a primary user (PU) signal by sensing the spectrum area of interest. Due to radiowave propagation effects like fading and shadowing, spectrum sensing is often complicated, because the PU signal can be attenuated in a particular area. In this paper, we explore a distributed spectrum sensing approach that exploits the largest eigenvalue of correlation matrices (CMs) that are adaptively estimated, based on the combine and adapt least (CTA) type of diffusion method with no fusion center (FC). More specifically, CR nodes exchange also observations with a subset of neighbouring nodes and combine the neighbouring observations based on the locally estimated signal to noise ratio (SNR) values. We analyse the resulting detection performance and verify the theoretical findings through simulations.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical consequences of different common sterilisation treatments applied to human bone before transplantation. Ultrasound velocity measurements at low (LF) and high frequency (HF) were used as surrogate markers of structural (LF) and material (HF) elastic properties and failure stress. Cubic cancellous bone specimens (N=192) were obtained from human femoral heads originated from 14 donors. The elastic properties were assessed by measuring the sound velocity along three orthogonal directions at 60 kHz and 2.25 MHz before and after treatment. The samples were divided in four groups that were exposed to different treatments: Group 1: Powerful protein denaturants and gamma irradiation at 25 KGrays (TBFreg procedure). Group 2: Physical treatment with humid heat at 125 degC for 20 minutes (Toulouse bone tissue bank). Group 3: Chemical solvents for complete bone marrow cleaning and gamma irradiation of 25 KGrays (Tutogenreg, Germany). Group 4: Treatment with CO2 in supercritical phase for bone cleaning followed by chemical treatment. Samples were dried before undergoing 25 KGrays of gamma irradiation (Biobankreg, France). Group 5: Identical to group 4, but without irradiation. The utilisation of powerful protein denaturants (group 1, decrease in speed of sound of 8 and 10%) leads to a structural alteration of cancellous bone, probably modifying type I collagen and causing an important alteration in bone graft mechanical resistance. Prudence therefore must be taken with regards to graft choice in orthopaedic reconstructions requiring a strong graft mechanical resistance. The use of chemical solvents cleaning in group 3 causes intermediate but significant variation (2.5 to 5%). A physical treatment like heat in group 2 causes a measurable but weak alteration of 0.5 to 2%. The supercritical CO2 in group 4 showed also limited effects on the sound velocity, at the limit of least detectable change by the protocol used. In addition, no detectable effect was observed after irradiation of dried bone when included in the final step of group 4 protocol. Measurements of sound velocity were found to be useful for the comparison of different sterilisation treatment effects on the mechanical resistance of cancellous bone


1. Mosaic implant, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of biocompatible mosaic plates (17; 37; 57) of thickness d, interconnected mounting block (29) .2. Mosaic implant according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two neighboring mosaic plate (17; 37). Separated by a gap (10; 30) t.3 width. Mosaic implant according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two neighboring mosaic plates (57) are connected together by a skin (61) which has a thickness s, which is smaller than the thickness d.4. Mosaic implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each mosaic plate (17; 37; 57). Has a maximum width w, which is preferably from 2 to 20 mm, more preferably from 3 to 15 mm and even more preferably from 4 10 mm.5. Mosaic implant according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness d is preferably from 10% to 150% w, more preferably from 20% to 130% by w, and most preferably from 50% to 130% of w.6. Mosaic implant according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the biocompatible mosaic plate formed from hydraulic cement kompozitsii.7. Mosaic implant according to Claim. 1 or 2, wherein the cement composition comprises monetit.8. A method of forming a mosaic implant according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the steps of pouring the cement composition around a wire or mesh and thereafter allowing said cement composition zatverdet.9. . A method according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) providing the drilling mold (1; 21; 41) with a plurality of cavities (3; 23; 53) the depth of d, each of which has the form of a mosaic plate, wherein each cavity has for


IN order to estimate a finite population total, the Horvitz-Thompson estimator (HTE) is used very often. With a view to suitably controlling the value of the variance of the HTE (V(HTE)), one has to choose appropriately the values of the 1st and 2nd order inclusion-probabilities of the sampling units which occur as parameters in the expression for V(HTE). Assuming that one knows the ranks of the squared variate-values and the products of all pairs of variate-values, a method of controlling V(HTE) is to choose a sampling design which ensures a specified set of rankings of the 1st and 2nd order inclusion-probabilities. The reason for this is explained in what follows. The problem that next crops up is how to lay down an actual sampling scheme following which the chosen sampling design may be realized. In this article we have attempted to-put forward a few such sampling schemes.


Provided are: a flexible printed board that is not susceptible to disconnection in a state wherein electrical characteristics are maintained; and a flexible printed board manufacturing method. A flexible printed board (10) has at least one pair of strip line transmission path by being provided with a signal line (20), and a pair of ground layers (60, 70) that face the signal line (20) by sandwiching insulating layers (30, 40), which cover the signal line (20) from both the sides, and which have a thermoplastic resin as a material. The flexible printed board is provided with pleated portions (PL) wherein a plurality of bent sections (PL2) are formed by being bent such that the bent sections open or close. The ground layers (60, 70) are respectively provided with: mesh ground layers (62, 72) that are provided with conductive portions (62a, 72a) in a mesh shape; and solid ground layers (61, 71) that are provided with conductive portions (62a, 72a) in a plane shape. The mesh ground layers (62, 72) are disposed on the outer peripheral side of the bent sections (PL2), and the solid ground layers (61, 71) are disposed on the inner peripheral side of the bent sections (PL2).


A one-dimensional box model has been formulated to describe the ozone budget and HO x photochemistry in the marine boundary layer. The model includes a simple description of vertical exchange with the free troposphere and the ocean surface, and a photochemical scheme including oxidation of CO and CH4. Model calculations are compared with data collected during the summer season at two midlatitude coastal sites in the northern and southern hemispheres (Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania). Results using small, prescribed NOx concentrations gave compensation points, where ozone loss by photolysis and physical removal is balanced by its production via NO x chemistry, of -30 ppt and ∼15 ppt at the two sites, respectively, in line with conclusions from the observational data. Changes in the dependence of peroxy radical concentrations on solar intensity were also in line with observations. The simple model involving CO and CH 4 chemistry should be adequate for defining oxidizing capacity in the unpolluted marine boundary layer.


Objectives: To determine the relationship with organizations empowerment Women Committees VDL Huaura district. Material and Methods: The study 1 Facultad de Ciencias Sociales 2 Facultad de educación population consisted of 749 members of 36 committee's glass of milk Huaura district of the urban area, applying the questionnaire to a sample of 247 members of the committee mother's milk glass Huaura district. This research study considered the participation of women, capacity of participation, decisionmaking, equal opportunities and entrepreneurship. Results: there was participation of women in organizations to the extent that empowerment is related organizations and the lack of capacity building is directly related to women's organizing committee ́s glass of milk Huaura district.


: Benzene is one of the most hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater. The removal of benzene from water is very important from health point of view and for environmental protection. Activated carbon from rice husk (RHC) with H 3 PO 4 activation was used to study batch aqueous benzene remediation kinetics. The adsorption profile showed an initial rapid uptake of benzene which decreased and became almost constant after 40 min of contact at which up to 80% benzene was removed from water. Different rate-based and diffusion-based kinetic models were adopted to understand the benzene adsorption mechanism on RHC. Three typical kinetic models namely, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich equations, were applied to interpret the kinetic data. The rate constants have been determined and the correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. The pseudo-second order models were well fitted to the kinetic data ( R 2 = 0.98), thereby indicating that chemisorption. To investigate the rate determining step, the intra-particle diffusion and Boyed model was applied on the experimental data. External mass transport with intra-particle diffusion phenomena governed the rate limiting process, which has been confirmed from the Boyd poor non-linear kinetic plots. A comparative study on the benzene adsorption revealed that the RHC had better benzene adsorption capacity (365 mg/g) as compared to CNTs and other granular activated carbon. This suggests that the RHC are efficient benzene adsorbents and that they possess good potential for benzene removal in wastewater treatment.


The AIMER project (Automatic Integration of Multiple Element Radars) is an emulated model of a loosely coupled distributed radar tracking processor. The computational elements of the model are minicomputers similar to the PDP-11. Design goals of the model are to provide a reliable processing system whose computational bandwidth can be dynamically altered in response to changing ground scenario and availability of hardware. A large number of minicomputers connected with multiple packet networks was chosen as the framework for the design.
 Building such a network with real computers would not have provided the required reconfiguration flexibility, and so a hybrid simulation/emulation approach was chosen. The instruction set of the minicomputer family is emulated, which allows performance monitoring to be an integral part of the system. Simulation is the key to controlled experiments and comprehensive throughput analysis. The radar and ground environments are simulated with logic residing in one of the emulated minicomputers. The use of this simulation technique has resulted in an extremely flexible test bed for the development of distributed radar tracking system models. The test bed itself can be quickly tailored to other application problems.
 This model is implemented on a Nanodata QM-1 emulation support computer. The QM-1 has two levels of microprogram control store, which allow implementor man hours and efficiency to be traded off conveniently.


The van der Waals (vdW) interaction is very important in fields of physics, biology and chemistry, and its role in reaction dynamics is an issue of great interest. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses in the theoretical and experimental studies on the vdW interaction in bimolecular reactions. In particular, we review those studies that have advanced our understanding of how the vdW interaction can strongly influence the dynamics in both direct activated and complex-forming reactions, and further extend the discussion to the polyatomic reactions involving more atoms and those occurring at cold and ultracold temperatures. We indicate that an accurate description of the delicate vdW structure and long-range potential remains a challenge nowadays in either ab initio calculations or the fitting of the potential energy surfaces. We also present an explanation on the concept of vdW saddle proposed by us recently which may have general importance.The van der Waals (vdW) interaction is very important in fields of physics, biology and chemistry, and its role in reaction dynamics is an issue of great interest. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses in the theoretical and experimental studies on the vdW interaction in bimolecular reactions. In particular, we review those studies that have advanced our understanding of how the vdW interaction can strongly influence the dynamics in both direct activated and complex-forming reactions, and further extend the discussion to the polyatomic reactions involving more atoms and those occurring at cold and ultracold temperatures. We indicate that an accurate description of the delicate vdW structure and long-range potential remains a challenge nowadays in either ab initio calculations or the fitting of the potential energy surfaces. We also present an explanation on the concept of vdW saddle proposed by us recently which may have general importance.


Buses of a same route are known to be naturally unstable: they tend to bunch when they are uncontrolled. Consequently, the bus route turns to be unreliable. Many solutions exist to maintain accurate bus performance. However, these strategies must be applied at the right moment to be efficient. To this end, we propose to predict critical situations in forecasting the bus route state. A dynamical bus model describes bus behavior and forecasts bus trajectories. Moreover, data from ITS allow calibrating the bus model and give access in real-time to the bus route state. Data assimilation takes advantage of both model and data information to estimate the likeliest position of buses every time step. This methodology is presented and applied to bus systems. Then the data assimilation process is applied in a controlled framework. Simulations show the inability of the model to forecast synthetic bus trajectories in some cases. That speaks in favor of developing a model more based on physical phenomena. Finally the contribution of real-time data is evaluated.


The present invention discloses a synchronous network the timing signals based on wavelength division multiplexing transmission method, the method comprising at least the step of:. A transmitting side, the timing of the light path (OTC) module sync timing signal along with the signal multiplexed into the overhead monitor way plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) higher order group signal; B high-order group of signal modulation obtained in step a to the optical supervisory wavelength WDM system, and through the WDM system transmission;. C at the receiving side, the light timing channels (. OTC) module demultiplexing the received plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) separating the higher order group signal sync timing signal and one overhead monitor signal. Compared with the conventional techniques of the present invention the timing links, the timing synchronization apparatus DWDM transmission PDH maximize inherits the advantages of technology, to avoid the inherent shortcomings of SDH technology, while using the existing transmission network of a large number of new WDM equipment, reduce network construction costs.


Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its socio-economic consequences have had a significant impact on mental health. A quantifiable data regarding increase of mental health problems as a result of the pandemic is required to take necessary steps in tackling the issue. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of depression, perceived stress and its socio-demographic correlates among general population of South India during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey conducted from 25th August 2021 to 25th October 2021 among the general population of South India during COVID-19. A total of 600 subjects were enrolled into the study. Study subjects included people of either sex between 20-50 years of age who were able to read and understand English and with access to internet. Subjects responded to a questionnaire packet of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10) and a proforma for socio-demographic data. Data was analyzed using GNU PSPP version 1. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were used to assess associations. A value of p-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation. Results: Of the 600 subjects who were enrolled into the study, 26.7%, 15.7%, 9.3% and 7.2% had mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression respectively. About 62.7% had moderate and 17.5% had high perceived stress. Whereas, 28.7% had death wishes or thoughts to hurt themselves. Females (PHQ-9: p-value=0.006; PSS-10:p-value<0.001), 20-29 age group (PHQ-9: p-value <0.001; PSS-10: p-value <0.001), students (PHQ-9: p-value <0.001; PSS-10: p-value <0.001), those who were unmarried (PHQ-9: p-value <0.001; PSS-10: p-value< 0.001), living with parents (PHQ-9: p-value <0.001; PSS-10: p-value <0.001), those who had a loss of income (PHQ-9: p-value <0.001; PSS-10: p-value=0.018) or job (PHQ-9: p-value<0.001; PSS-10: p-value<0.001) in the past 1 year, those with a history of psychiatry disorder (PHQ-9: p-value<0.001; PSS-10: p-value<0.001) had a significantly higher score in both depression and perceived stress. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between depression and perceived stress scores (r=0.691). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of depression and perceived stress and shows the need for strengthening mental health services to address the challenge.


This paper presents the first 3-axis MEMS gyroscope that employs intermittent free vibration realized by a "Catch-and-Release (CR)" method. While CR enables drive power reduction and instant start-up, its application to multi-axis tuning-fork (TF) gyroscope is not straightforward, since the increased degrees-of-freedom is likely to induce hazardous beat during the free vibration. To prevent this, a pantograph structure is introduced, in which drive motion is constrained by fixed-length joints, thereby eliminating the spurious beat. The fabricated gyroscope shows 3-axis sensitivities of 0.3-0.6 aF/dps and <2% cross-axis sensitivities. The consecutive CR operation with a release DC voltage at 25 V and a high Q factor of 440k at 20 kHz of pantograph mode are confirmed.


This paper describes a frequency stabilized dye laser oscillator-amplifier system for high-resolution spectroscopy. It uses frequency doubled output of a Q-italic-switched Nd:YAG laser to pump a system that amplifies the output of a frequency stabilized CW dye laser to provide near Fourier transform limited pulses of 1 MW peak intensity. A new method for laser frequency stabilization is also presented.


In recent years, integrated high-density capacitors have gained a lot of interest for RF and mixed signal IC applications. In this paper, we discuss technological options for integrated capacitors with capacitance densities up to 30fF/mum2. The capacitive structures where realized with dielectric materials such as Bi-Ta-O, Sr-Ta-O or Ta2O5. The Bi-Ta-O and Sr-Ta-O were deposited by means of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at 360degC. Films with densities up to 30fF/mum2 were obtained, the leakage current of the structures remained below 3.10-8 A/cm2 at 3V for densities below 10 fF/mum 2. In parallel, a dual dielectric layer process, with maximum fabrication temperature of 250degC, based on the anodic growth of Ta 2O5 was yielding devices with leakage current below 1.10-9 A/cm2 at 3V for 9.5 fF/mum2  capacitance density


Arteriovenous malformations are congenital lesions affecting 0.01 to 0.05% of the population with symptoms generally appearing in people 20 to 40 years old. Treatment may be surgical or intravascular. Twenty six patients were treated during two years with intravascular embolization varying from 50% to 90%. Five presented bleeding and two died. The remaining patients received radiotherapy and 4 were surgically treated with good results.


In this article, George M. Smerk, Ph.D., director of Indiana University's Institute for Urban Transportation, discusses why transit management is difficult and why there is so much movement between transit properties and/or out of the industry entirely. Some of the problems discussed include: transit managers difficulties with politicians; incompetent public boards; union locals opposed to management; unhappy customers; declining federal support; and thinning local and state funds. Smerk also touches on the need for defining workable goals and objectives for transit managers, and dealing with the problem of low pay for high stress responsibilities.


This paper investigates the movement of cohort wages in an internal labour market of a large British financial institution. The main objective of the analysis is to establish whether movements of cohort wages over time in this particular institution are consistent with the theoretical notion of an internal labour market as defined in the literature. The paper follows closely the analysis of aggregate mean cohort wages as outlined in Baker, Gibbs and Holmstrom (1994b). We find some evidence of the existence of an internal labour market in that employees are shielded from external market conditions.


This article describes a pedagogical intervention carried out at a public university in Colombia. A total of 26 psychology students, aged between 19 and 26 years old, taking English classes for academic purposes, and in their fourth semester, participated in this study. This intervention was implemented for an academic semester and aimed to help learners develop their English reading skills—from literal to critical comprehension of short academic texts— through the use of infographics, which are visual tools that combine texts and graphs to help users communicate information. Teachers used students' infographics to assess their understanding of short academic texts in English, and they interviewed students to learn their opinions on the intervention. Further, teachers implemented a colour-coding technique in interview transcripts to show relevant patterns in the student opinions. This data analysis indicated that the students clearly understood the ideas from the texts because they were able to go beyond reading to dynamise information in the infographics while using the visual aids as mediators in expressing their ideas. In conclusion, the infographics were beneficial in developing the students' reading skills. They presented an opportunity for the students to paraphrase main ideas from the texts and represent their understanding of the readings. In addition, this pedagogical intervention was useful for teachers because it enabled them to explore reading comprehension using a new strategy that might be helpful in English classes.


The thermal or cold wake of the underwater vehicles will be formed at the sea surface in different region during sailing, then the underwater vehicles will be detected by airborne or space borne infrared detectors easily, which will imperil their security. A model between the detection probability and the Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) of the detectors, and the temperature difference between the wake and the sea surface, etc., was established and the evaluation of detection probability in different discrimination levels and other parameters, such as time, location, atmosphere, sea, detector performance, wake temperature, etc., was realized, and a software named Wake Detection of Underwater Vehicle by Infrared (WDPUV-IR) was developed. The results showed that the detection probability to the wake with high detector performance or large temperature difference or short detection distance or low discrimination level was relatively high, but it was difficult to detect targets with small temperature difference and size when the atmospheric transmittance value was low.


An apparatus for sensing and locating sources of ionizing radiation retained in a tumour in a body environment, including a hand-held probe and comprising a housing with a sensor circuit for outputting a response to interaction between the radiation and the sensor; a unit for processing signals from the sensor circuit; and an indicator responding to driving signals applied thereto by generating an audible or visual output. Said hand-held probe comprises at least one scintillating plastic optical fibre (2) connecting the sensing end to a light sensor (1).


Thus, we have been able to demonstrate, that one can develop and design novel type strongly compensated silicon, type p- Si<B, Mn>-based highly sensitive and low inertia infrared photo receivers operating within the range of lambda = 3-1,1 micron in the existing integral lighting.


Excerpt The present study is concerned with the results of ACTH and cortisone therapy in 11 severe cases of viral hepatitis that had not responded to conservative measures, six of whom ultimately d...


We report on the preliminary results of a marine geological/geophysical survey of the North Fiji basin triple junction, undertaken by Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and CCOP/SOPAC in April/May of 1982. This investigation, focusing on the northeastern limb of the triple junction, has helped reveal the geomorphology, and has provided an excellent opportunity for studying the geochemistry of metalliferous deposits and hydrothermal activity associated with this type of divergent margin. Station work during the 20-day cruise included coring, dredging, and bottom photography. End_of_Article - Last_Page 974------------


The proposed hypothesis of 'Advanced Panspermia Origin of Life' addresses the two critical areas of advanced complex life of Cambrian explosion and the development of even more complex and intricate Human Brain on earth. The hypothesis explains the plausible mechanism of connecting the inorganic chemistry available to us in the universe and that life arose from it as an emergent property of matter. While 'Origin of Life' is critical to 'Evolution' itself, the mechanism of transformation of protocells into living cells in origin with information encoded DNA is even more critical to both 'Origin' and 'Evolution'. This compels one to turn to religion (Not 'God of the Gaps') that stands on solid foundation of science which describes the present hypothesis as the study based on the interaction of electromagnetism with matter. Proto cells are plausibly transformed into 'living cells' with the manifestation of soul/spirit (vibration) with specific frequency of each of the species.


In previous articles {Electronics Education Spring 1991 and Autumn 1991), I discussed the need for control programming languages to be compatible with the educational aims of teaching computer control. One technique for structured problem-solving, which I did not dwell on then, is 'top-down-development'. With the launch of some new 'languages' at BETT92, now is an appropriate time to consider this issue.


Assays of serum T3, T4 and TSH were performed on cord blood & then serially at 3, 24 and 72 hrs; at 1 week and weekly until 6 wks in 11 VLBW infants(<1200gm). In response to parturition,there was a TSH surge (cord 7.1 ± 3.6mu/ml; 3 hrs 8.7 ± 5.lmu/ml) and elevation of T4(cord 7.1 ± 1.8μg/dl; 3 hrs 9.3 ± 3.6μg/dl). TSH then fell to a nadir at 72 hrs(2.1 ± 1.Omu/ml); T4 at 3 wks(4.1 ± 2.3 μg/dl). Subsequently T4 increased; at 6 wks(5.3 ± 2.7μg/dl). T3 closely paralleled T4 with a nadir at 2 wks of 66.1 ± 36.2ng/dl, rising to 106.9 ± 22.0 at 5 wks. Analysis of data revealed significantly lower(p<.05)T4 in infants with RDS(n=5)vs those without RDS(n=6)at 24 and 72 hrs as well as at wks 1, 2, 3 and 6. T3 and TSH were not significantly different in these groups. Comparison of survivors(n=8)vs non-survivors(n=3)revealed significantly lower T4 in the latter at 3 hrs(p<.05), 2 wks(p<.005), 3 wks(p<.005) and 4 wks(p<.05). T3 and TSH were not statistically different. These normative data are in general agreement with previously reported values in larger preterm infants, reflecting the pattern in fullterm infants albeit of a significantly less degree. No treatment is recommended for preterm infants with low T4 since these values increase to normal over several weeks. Reassessment of this recommendation seems warranted in light of the above which indicates some of these infants do not recover; their relative hypothyroid state may not be a physiologic responce to their illness but significantly related to morbidity and mortality.


Rutile TiO2 films were deposited on the FTO substrate by the hydrothermal process using TTIP and TiCl4 as the titania precursor. Our study manifestly exhibits the influence of TiCl4 precursor on the hydrothermal growth of the TiO2 structure. The morphology of prepared film varies from nano-cauliflower to nano-flower to nano-parallelepiped rod-like structure with the addition of TiCl4 as the precursor. When TiCl4 is introduced in the precursor HCl corresponding to four times of the Ti4+ concentration is generated as a by-product during the reaction, these additional HCl promotes the etching of the nanostructure enabling the nanostructure to unfurl. We conclude that the tailoring of the nanostructure can be performed by addition of TiCl4 in the precursor


Along typical transverse drift in Dahongshan Cu-Fe mine tectonics-petrochemical details are logged and samples are collected systematically and REE of the samples are analyzed.The results show:1 Total REE decreases gradually from the mineralized tectonite,through ore and to not mineralized tectonite reflecting difference of water(ore fluid)/rock reaction on various tectonites;2 According to(La/Yb)Ndifferentiation of LREE for tectonite of the same kind of fault is quite obvious but the differentiation of LREE for tectonite of the varied kind of fault is more uniform and according to LREE/ HREE and(La/Yb)Nratio of wallrock,ore and tectonite LREE and HREE differentiated in similar way reflecting a certain heritability of the ore fluid from rock of stratum and the staged evolution.3 From rock of stratum,through not mineralized fault tectonite,mineralized fault tectonite to massive and banded ores LREE/HREE ratio(5.66-13.27)increase gradually reflecting mobilization of REE during faulting and allδ(Eu)1and theδ(Ce)weak anomly imply that Dahongshan Cu-Fe deposit was formed mainly under a relatively oxidizing environment.


Using a simple recurrence relation we give a new method to compute Jones polynomials of closed braids: we find a general expansion formula and a rational generating function for Jones polynomials. The method is used to estimate degree of Jones polynomials for some families of braids and to obtain general qualitative results.


The present invention provides a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes: a lower electrode formed on the substrate; dielectric layer comprises forming a dielectric region etched on the lower electrode and the dielectric region usual growth; upper electrode formed on the dielectric region usual growth; Hard a mask is formed on the upper electrode; and a spacer formed at the side surface of the hard mask and an upper electrode over the dielectric region and etched; buffer insulating layer formed on the hard mask and the partition member.


While sleep is important for adults, it may be even more important for those who are young, younger or even much younger. As many as eight of the 16 papers in the current issue of JSR concern the sleep of very preterm neonates, infants, toddlers, children, adolescents and young people. This undoubtedly reflects the importance of paediatric sleep research and medicine, as well as the interest parents take in the sleep of their offspring. The methodologies used in these eight papers are very different, and so are the participants in the studies.


The present invention (preferably, a humanized monoclonal antibody having an amino acid sequence disclosed herein) anti-AR antibodies for. The present invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antibodies. The present invention encompasses a method comprising administering such antibodies to a subject to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The invention also by administering to a subject in such antibodies therapeutically effective amount, provides a method of treating cancer or psoriasis in the subject in need of such treatment.


This paper employs cryptography using VLSI technique . The system has been designed for safe communication without data being hacked by passive or active intruders. The design of the system ensures implementation of RSA encryption at transmitter's end and decryption at receiver's end using HDL language on Programmable Logic Device. The complete design cycle of HDL Modeling, Coding, Simulation, Synthesis, Implementation, and Testing on Target system is studied and implemented. The minimum requirements of the system involve FPGA kit XC3s200, PC, control unit and Xilinx 9.1 software .The system is designed in user friendly manner . A user just needs to know the procedure to send data & also the user finds it easy to handle the system . The module can be plugged into a communication chain suitably.


Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the compensating effects of adrenomedullin on liver tissue after cold stress treatment. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, adrenomedullin, cold stress and cold stress + adrenomedullin treated. Adrenomedullin was given by intraperitoneal injection (2 mg/g body weight) once a day for a week. For cold stress the rats were kept at 10°C for a week. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured in liver tissue. Results: Catalase activity was decreased significantly as compared to control in adrenomedullin treated group (p 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in adrenomedullin treated group but this was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). All enzyme activities were decreased by cold stress (p<0.05). In Adrenomedullin+cold stress group, only the glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that cold stress induces decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat liver. Adrenomedullin treatment corrected only glutathione peroxidase activity while decreasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities further. The discrepancy may be explained by different responses of antioxidant systems to oxidative stress. It can be concluded that oxidative factors may display unexpected effects on the regulation of glutathione peroxidase activities in the adrenonmedullin case.


Hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) is covalently grafted to the surface of polyethylene (PE) particles in an effort to promote the growth of conductive thin films deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Growth of the grafting process is monitored with infrared spectroscopy and titration. LbL films are then deposited using dilute aqueous mixtures containing carbon black stabilized with PEI or poly(acrylic acid). Deposition of carbon black-filled bilayers on PEI-grafted PE shows uniform surface coverage and strong bonding after just two bilayers, while neat PE shows patchy film growth and poor adhesion, requiring eight bilayers to achieve full surface coverage. Acid-oxidized PE shows intermediate behavior with regard to deposition but shows weak bonding like neat PE. LbL films are characterized using electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which show linear growth for PEI-grafted particles and nonlinear growth for neat and acid-oxidized particles. Following carbon black deposition, the ...


ABSTRACT Nur Syamsi, S891108076. The Effectiveness of SWELL Method to Teach Writing Viewed From Students' Learning Interest (An Experimental Research in The Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Karas Magetan in The Academic Year of 2016/2017). A Thesis. First Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.; Second Consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. English Education Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University. This research is aimed to verify whether: (1) SWELL method is more effective than direct instruction method to teach writing; (2) The students who have high level of learning interest have better writing skill than the students who have low learning interest; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and the students' learning interest in teaching writing. This experimental study was conducted at the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Karas Magetan in the academic year of 2016/2017. There are five classes where each class consists of 32-36 students. The sample was two classes, labeled as SWELL class (which is taught by using SWELL method) and DIM class (which is taught by using Direct Instruction Method). To get the sample, a cluster random sampling technique is implemented. Each class is initially divided into two groups according to the levels of interest, they are high and low. High group and low group are used as the research sample, each consisting of 36 students. The groups are obtained by using a questionnaire. Writing test used as an instrument of collecting data. The data are analyzed by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey test. Before conducting the ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namely normality and homogeneity test is conducted. There are some research findings: (1) SWELL Method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method (DIM) to teach writing; (2) The students with high interest have better writing skill than those having low interest; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students' interest in teaching writing. The results of this research imply that SWELL method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method in teaching writing. The students who have high interest have better writing skill than the students who have low interest. There is an interaction between teaching methods and students' learning interest in teaching writing for the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Karas in the academic year of 2016/2017. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that SWELL is an effective method to teach writing, and the effectiveness is affected by the level of the students' learning interest level. SWELL method is a valuable method for teaching writing narrative text. Different from Direct Instruction Method, which makes the students tend to be passive during teaching and learning process, SWELL method makes the students to be more active in writing activity. Keywords: SWELL Method, Direct Instruction Method, Interest, Writing Skill, and Experimental Study.


Based on a lightning accident in a substation,a calculation model for lightning intruding waves intruding substation has been established based on the platform of electro-magnetic transient program.The possible maximum lightning over-voltage in the electrical equipment of the substation has been quantitatively calculated.The lightning accident progress and the influence of transmission line insulation changing on substation intruding lightning over-voltage have been analysed and the anti-lightning measurements have been proposed.The calculation result shows that transmission line insulation change has little impact on the amplitude of over-voltage in the equipment of the substation.


In pretensioned beams the transfer of prestress is mainly realized by the development of bond stresses between steel and concrete, but other mechanisms such as sliding and bursting take place. In post-tensioning the prestressing force is transmitted on a small area of the end section and therefore, it is close to a concentrated load. This requires a considerable increase of the web thickness in the end zone with a particularly dense passive reinforcement. The necessity of using such a concrete reinforcement is certainly questionable in pretensioned elements, since the stress field is less severe. In this article the stress distribution in the end zone of pretensioned beams is calculated numerically, and the possible reduction of the massivity of the anchorage block is then examined. The transverse tensile stresses are especially studied. A simple mathematical formula is proposed for the representation of this stress distribution. This simplified model allows to easily determine the passive reinforcement needed at the end zone of these I-beams without anchorage blocks.


The paper is concerned with the derivation of dynamically accurate electrical analogues for heat exchangers with a view to their application in the solution of automatic-control problems relating to the latter. The analogues are based on idealized equations describing the behaviour of the thermal processes involved. Two heat exchangers, both distributed-parameter systems, are considered, and two analogues are derived for each. One type of analogue is composed almost entirely of passive components but the other contains electronic amplifiers and employs a feedback technique. The design and construction of a passive-network analogue is described, and its experimentally-determined frequency responses are given and compared with the theoretical responses of the heat exchanger. Finally, an example is given of the experimental application of the analogue in an automatic-control loop.


Carbonados are an unusual type of diamond. A carbonado diamond has many micronsized crystals aggregated together. What makes carbonados interesting and different from other types of diamonds is that our understanding of how they formed and where they come from is still very unclear. Carbonados tend to have low carbon-13 values so one hypothesis is that they were formed from the conversion of organic carbon that was subducted into the Earth. Carbonados have also been dated to be over 3.0 billion years old and since none have been found in kimberlite deposits another hypothesis is that they are extraterrestrial in origin or formed by shock metamorphism from a meteorite impact. There is still another hypothesis that carbonados are formed by radioactive transformation of mantle hydrocarbon by radiation from uranium-238 fission. In this project, a diamond from the Congo that was suspected of being a carbonado was actually revealed to be another type of polycrystalline diamond called framesite due to the findings of garnet inclusions and through a microstructural comparison to a known carbonado from the Central African Republic.


1. A turbocharged internal combustion engine (1) having at least two exhaust turbochargers (8, 9) and at least one cylinder head (2) with at least two cylinders (3), each cylinder (3 ) has at least two outlet openings (4a, 4b) for exhaust gas discharge, at least one of said outlet openings is configured as an activated opening (4a), and each outlet (4a, 4b) is connected to the exhaust pipe (5a, 5b), in which: - exhaust pipes (5 a) of activated exhaust pipes the holes (4a) of at least two cylinders (3) forming the first exhaust manifold (6a) merge with each other inside the cylinder head (2) to form a first common exhaust pipe (7a) that is connected to the turbine (8a) of the first turbocharger (8) on exhaust gases; - the exhaust pipes (5b) of the other exhaust openings (4b) of at least two cylinders (3) forming a second exhaust manifold (6b) merge with each other inside the cylinder head (2) to form a second common exhaust pipe (7b) which is connected with a turbine (9a) of a second exhaust turbocharger (9); - the first turbine (8a) is equipped with a first bypass channel (10a), which branches off from the first exhaust manifold (6a) upstream of the first turbine (8a), and - the second turbine (9a) is equipped with a second bypass channel (10b), which branches off from the second exhaust manifold (6b) upstream of the second turbine (9a); in which the first turbine (8a) and the second turbine (9a) share a common turbine casing (15). 2. An engine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine common housing (15) comprises at least one molded part. �


For too long a pervasive idea in the field of teacher education has been that primary teachers only, and more especiaHy those primary teachers who are concerned with the education of the very young, have the sole responsibility for teaching the students who are moving through our educational institutions how to read. The beginning and the end of the process of learning to read effectively have been left almost entirely in the hands of the primary teacher, who, up until recently, has experienced only minimal courses in the field of reading as part of his pre-service training. One of the main purposes of this paper will be to attempt to dispel this limited and educationally naive idea; more than lip service must be given to the truism that the development of the individual's ability to read is a continuous process. TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF READING*


We present a scaled-down method for determining high temperatures using fiber-based Bragg gratings. Bragg gratings are distributed along the length of the optical fiber, and have high reflectivities whenever the optical wavelength is twice the grating spacing. These spatially distinct Bragg regions (located in the core of a fiber) are sensitive to local temperature changes. Since these fibers are silica-based they are easily affected by localized changes in temperature, which results in changes to both the grating spacing and the wavelength reflectivity. We exploit the shift in wavelength reflectivity to measure the change in the local temperature. Note that the Bragg region (sensing area) is some distance away from where the temperature is being measured. This is done so that we can measure temperatures that are much higher than the damage threshold of the fiber. We do this by affixing the fiber with the Bragg sensor to a material with a well-known coefficient of thermal expansion, and model the heat gradient from the region of interest to the actual sensor. The research described in this paper will culminate in a working device as well as be the second portion of a publication pending submission to Optics Letters.


Marx"s "Grundrisse" is considered his early writings and critical writings that connects to the late author and the text can be seen that Marx was a lot of commitment from Hegel. Marx was much aided the Hegelian logic to analyze the critical economic categories of modern society, the "Grundrisse" gives a lot of help to explain the difficult passage to understand the "Capital" Preface to Hegel"s term have dealt with. But there are many differences to do Hegelian philosophy applied in the "Grundrisse" and the "Capital". The "Capital" is free from the influence of Hegel, only in the form of value narrative seems to be more dependent on Hegel than the "Grundrisse". Why did Hegel"s got more impact in the form of value? Characteristically, the "Grundrisse" only deal with the money and capital-weighted, but the "Capital" is starting from goods. There is a difference in the narrative structure, because the "Capital" departures from the goods analysis. Unlike the "Grundrisse", the "Capital" looks to review the overall situation and the reason why that started the analysis from goods.


The Union Budget falls on February 29- this being a leap year. An online opinion poll on a leading media website reads: "Should Arun Jaitley prefer growth or fiscal deficit?†As India emerges as the fastest growing economy, the question is: How can the budget facilitate the growth story, without compromising on macro-stability?


—The article discusses the features of the organization of Russian entrepreneurship in the tourism industry and the hotel industry. It is shown that the main features are associated with the institutional infrastructure of entrepreneurship. The factors affecting the entrepreneurial infrastructure in tourism were studied, ways to increase the competitiveness of entrepreneurial structures were examined, directions for improving the infrastructure of entrepreneurship in order to ensure sustainable development of tourism and hotel business were proposed.


A fundamental weakness of current research on corporate innovation communities is that knowledge about how to alter them for innovation endeavors remains vague. To help facilitate this gap, we analyze the influence of organizational contexts on innovation activities and outcomes from a contingency theory perspective. From the analysis of multiple in-depth case studies, four types of organizational integration as triggers for distinct sets of innovation activities as well as enablers for divergent sets of innovation outcomes have been identified. Based on our findings a taxonomy of organizational integration of corporate innovation communities is developed. INFORMATIK 2011 Informatik schafft Communities 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik , 4.-7.10.2011, Berlin www.informatik2011.de erschienen im Tagungsband der INFORMATIK 2011 Lecture Notes in Informatics, Band P192 ISBN 978-3-88579-286-4 weitere Artikel online: http://informatik2011.de/519.html 1. Setting the Stage Organizations increasingly rely on corporate innovation communities as a means to unleash the innovative potential of their employees. These communities are typically (but not necessarily) characterized by mutual collaboration in online setting to search, select and develop innovations. They are mostly supported by social software and bound to organizational contexts in which they are integrated [AR08][BH02]. However, organizational integration as a pre-condition for innovation to occur [AR08] often remains limited due to missing understanding on its effects on innovation activities and outcomes. Thus, the present article illuminates the question 'how does organizational integration influence corporate innovation communities?'. To help facilitate this endeavor we apply contingency theory [Ga73] [BS94] [LL67]. It builds on the premise that organizational contexts frame individuals' activities and outcomes [Gl84] [BS94] [LL67]. Specifically, several scholars emphasize the crucial role of supporting cultural and structural contingencies for innovation activities and outcomes to occur [BS94][LL67][BK04]. Hence, contingency theory offers an instrument to determine the antecedents of organizational contexts on corporate innovation communities. 2. Theoretical Perspectives Contingency theory underlines that contingency, i.e. structural conditions of a given organization [BS94][LL67], explain antecedents determining particular activities and outcomes of employees [Gl84][BS94][LL67]. Whereas contingencies may relate to the nature of tasks or teams [Gl84], this study focuses on two contingencies frequently highlighted to enhance innovation activities and outcomes in general: organizational culture and structure [BK04] [BS94][LL67]. Conclusively, individuals' innovation-related activities depend on contingencies in which they are integrated. Community researchers stress the importance of organizational integration, such as cultural and structural integration, for corporate communities to flourish [Ko05][Br01][KB01]. First, cultural integration comprises sets of norms, values, beliefs, attitudes and procedures [De84] that value activities of organizational communities [KB01]. Specifically, innovation activities are fostered by cultures that embrace proactivity, creativity and risk taking while relying on open and informal interactions [An01][CF92][GS01][GW90][Sm98]. Second, structural integration includes amalgamation of administrative procedures – e.g., goal system integration, provision of resources, integration of performance appraisal systems etc. [Br01][VW07][LC03][GZ99]. For instance, several empirical studies show that financial resources have to be provided to ensure efficiency of community activities [Br01] [LC03] [VW07]. 1 For a more nuanced discussion with a clear management focus, see also Bansemir, B., Neyer, A-K., Möslein, K. M.: Anchoring Corporate Innovation Communities in Organizations: A taxonomy. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations, (in print). INFORMATIK 2011 Informatik schafft Communities 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik , 4.-7.10.2011, Berlin www.informatik2011.de erschienen im Tagungsband der INFORMATIK 2011 Lecture Notes in Informatics, Band P192 ISBN 978-3-88579-286-4 weitere Artikel online: http://informatik2011.de/519.html Although it is well-known that adequate sets of contingencies support community viability at large via cultural and structural integration, insights concerning the influence of these contingencies on innovation activities and outcomes remain rather limited and often speculative. 3. Research Approach To answer our research question, multiple case study method was applied [Ei89][Yi03] including twelve in-depth case studies from varying industry sectors. All of the participating firms in knowledge intensive industries typically applied a wide range of innovation methods and possessed versatile practical experiences about innovation supportive contexts. In sum, 45 in-depth interviews were conducted, using a semistructured interview guideline. Each interview lasted from 45 to 120 minutes, averaging 90 minutes. Usually, at least two interviews per case were conducted and recorded. Besides interviews, data were enriched by extensive documentary analysis. Data analysis followed Mayring' [Ma02] five step research procedure, including determination, explication and revision of categories, summative check and interpretation. Accordingly, transcripts, notes from meetings and extensive documentary were analyzed following these typical content analysis procedures [Ma02][MH94][RB00]. To achieve high levels of credibility and to reduce potential post hoc response bias, interviewees were explicitly asked to explain their statements in terms of stories and individual experiences [Go92]. Interviews following a semi-structured guideline lasted from 45 to 120 minutes, averaging 90 minutes. All interviewees held an academic degree (around 30 % PhDs). Usually, at least two interviews per case were conducted. Altogether, 46 interviews were conduct. Further information about organizational affiliation, professions of interviewees etc. refer to table 1. Case Employees Professions of interviewees Interviews Business  50.000100.000 Innovation & strategic managers 9 Employment agency  15.00030.000 Innovation, strategic, project & human resource managers 8 Service provider  5.00015.000 Executive officer, innovation, project, strategic & human resource managers 8 Accounting / Auditing  > 100.000 Innovation & strategic managers 2 Communication service  > 100.000 Innovation managers 2 Airline  50.000100.000 Innovation & project managers, engineers 5 Automotive manufacturer  50.000100.000 Innovation managers 2 Semiconductor  5.00015.000 Project & innovation managers, mechanical engineer 3 High-tech manufacturer  < 5.000 Strategic manager & consultant 2 Innovation Consulting  < 5.000 Strategic manager 1 IT solutions INFORMATIK 2011 Informatik schafft Communities 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik , 4.-7.10.2011, Berlin www.informatik2011.de erschienen im Tagungsband der INFORMATIK 2011 Lecture Notes in Informatics, Band P192 ISBN 978-3-88579-286-4 weitere Artikel online: http://informatik2011.de/519.html  < 5.000 Strategic manager & software engineer 2 IT services  < 5.000 Marketing manager & consultant 2 Innovation solutions Table 1: Case study companies.


Through a triangular reading of J. M. Coetzee's novels Waiting for the Barbarians and Diary of a Bad Year in conversation with the philosopher/psychoanalyst Jonathan Lear, this chapter depicts the nature of violence under Empire. It makes a case for the erosion, not only of this or that society under Empire but also of the human form of life. The question of responsibility is posed through the magistrate, a man completely unaware of his own complicity in projects of Empire and the torture practiced in it. Time is posited in terms of waiting so that violence from the barbarians may not have happened yet—but it is almost waiting at the door of reality. In the novel, the figure of the barbarian woman creates the possibility of a future together by a make-believe language that rejects the lure of any standing languages. Coetzee destabilizes the notions of author and reader in these novels, blocking any attempt at ersatz ethical posturing by narrative devices of a disfigured author function and the dispersal of the reader into different modes of reading. Both novels resonate with the idea of everyday as recovered from the debris of the political community.


Covid-19 cases are increasing every day and there is a spike in cases between late January and early February in 2020. According to the Indonesian Pediatrician Association, the rate of transmission of the Covid-19 virus to children in Indonesia is high, and parents must apply a high level of vigilance. in children. Learning in young children requires concrete objects, because children know the concepts of using symbols and learn with conditions that exist in real a situations or problems experienced in everyday life. The Congklak game can be one way to introduce Covid-19 to children with the principle of introducing concepts using symbols. This study aims to describe the ability of children to introduce Covid-19 at an early age through the game of congklak. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were children in PAUD Permata Bunda, Koto Iman Village, who returned 20 children aged 4-6 years. Data was collected by observation or direct observation and interviews. The results of the study show that children have a good understanding of Covid-19 by introducing Covid-19 to early childhood through the game of Congklak. This can be seen when children are interviewed after simulating the spread and prevention of Covid-19 transmission, through the game of Congklak, children are able to recognize symptoms, how to spread and how to prevent Covid-19 that can be done.


A process and device are disclosed for obtaining 3D ultrasonic data, in particular for imaging during neurosurgery interventions in the field of minimally invasive surgery. The device has an ultrasonic transducer (5), a fixing device (4) for locally fixing the ultrasonic transducer (2) relative to a region to be sensed and a connecting strip (3( which links the ultrasonic transducer to the fixing device (4). The connecting strip (3) is joined to an edge of the ultrasonic transducer (2) and encloses a substantially right angle with the plane of the transducer (2). The device makes it possible to obtain ultrasonic data during a minimally invasive intervention.


Agricultural eco-geological survey involved many aspects of geology related with agricultural ecology. Basic work method of geology and agronomy are used in the survey work, such as agricultural geologic mapping, profile measure, samples collection, information collection and comprehensive arrangement and study, and mapping of agricultural geologic maps.


In the present study, six compounds of thiazolidinone derivatives of nicotinic acid were synthesized by reacting Schiff bases with thioglycolic acid and zinc chloride in ethanol. The Schiff bases were synthesized by treating various aromatic aldehydes with nicotinic acid hydrazide. Reaction between nicotinic acid and phosphorous pentachloride gives nicotinoyl chloride. Further nicotinoyl chloride is converted to nicotinic acid hydrazide by the action of hydrazine hydrate. Structure of these products has been established by IR, 1 HNMR and Mass spectral data. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the compounds was also determined by agar steak dilution method. Significant antimicrobial activities were observed for some compounds of the series. Compounds were also screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Some of them showed comparable activity as that of the standard drug used.


ABSTRACT

Background: Trichobezoar is a foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract which consists of a clot of hair. Especially occurs in children and adolescents who suffer from trichophagia. Trichobezoar is commonly found in the stomach.

Case Description: Report of cases of 12-year-old girls, experiencing trichotillomania and trichophagia, which causes the formation of trichobezoar. Complaints in the form of a lump in the upper left abdomen especially enlarged after eating. An abdominal CT scan, a picture of a foreign body in the stomach is thought to be a trichobezoar. Laparotomy was performed, and trichobezoar was found. The patient recovered well and was consulted to the Psychiatry department for psychiatric therapy

Conclusion: Trichobezoar should be considered a diagnosis in young women with a palpable mass in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, and psychiatric disorders. Most cases of trichobezoar require surgical therapy, also require long-term treatment and psychiatric monitoring to prevent the trichobezoar recurrence.


There has been little work done on the linkages between youth daily mobility and livelihood patterns and potential. Drawing on field studies conducted in Ghana and Nigeria, this article examines youth transport and mobility issues from a livelihoods perspective. Mobility affects livelihoods directly, in terms of access to jobs, and indirectly in terms of accessing education, health care and strong social networks on which future job opportunities may depend. The factors that help determine youth access to transport and mobility are considered, and the role of transport itself as a livelihood strategy (girls as porters, boys as transport operators) is examined.


Striations or bands of increased density in the diaphyses of bones of growing children have been described by several observers (Eliot, Souther and Park 1 ; Miller and Rubell 2 ; Weisse 3 ; Hamperl 4 ; Phemister 5 ; Wegner, 6 and others). These bands are usually found between the ages of 12 months and 5 years. They appear to result most frequently from a disturbance of growth. In this instance the temporary zone of calcification situated in that part of the cartilage which is about to be replaced by the invading osteoblasts seems to become more heavily mineralized concurrently with the retardation of the rate of invasion of osteoblasts (a part of the general slowing of the growth processes). The calcium in this temporary zone is ordinarily resorbed as the cartilage is replaced by osteoid tissue, which in turn becomes calcified. The temporary zone of calcification, which has become overmineralized as a result


The outstanding invasive ability of gorse is strongly related to its large and persistent seed bank. A study of gorse seed predation in England (Hill 1982) suggested that the seasonal abundance of Cydia succedana larvae in gorse pods peaked 3 weeks later than that of Exapion ulicis and the frequency of co-occurrence in pods was low. It was predicted from this study that the introduction of C. succedana to New Zealand in 1992 would not significantly displace E. ulicis, and that the combined seed predation by these two agents in spring would be complementary rather than strongly competitive. To test the accuracy of this predicted outcome, the direct interactions between larvae of these two seedfeeding insects were examined using an insecticide exclusion experiment. Mimic® 70W removed C. succedana, but not E. ulicis from spring-produced gorse seedpods. The amount of seed attacked by E. ulicis in the absence of C. succedana was measured and compared to the percentage of spring seed attacked by both insects. The combined effects of the two agents was shown to be greater than either alone.


The purpose of this community service activity is to introduce lecturers and students to the importance of citations in scientific papers that can be poured into theses, theses, dissertations and even scientific articles. The activity method is applied by three methods, namely the lecture method, the practice method, and the evaluation method. The participants of the activity came from several lecturers and students in Pontianak totaling 12 participants with a time of 2.5 hours. The activity is carried out with an introduction to the citation of scientific papers and the importance of citations, especially in accounting research topics so that the citations taken are in accordance with the needs and lead to the field of accounting science itself. Then proceed with the process of explaining the understanding and use of mendeley. The results of this activity explained that all participants felt helped and could understand the process of using the mendeley application to improve the quality of accounting research. The weakness in this activity is that it takes more time for some participants who are slow to use the laptop or lack high mastery of the laptop. This activity is expected to have sustainability with an understanding of several models of writing forms needed according to needs.


this paper considers the Poisson Pareto Burst Process as a traffic model for describing data streaming process from the flying node to the ground station. The flying node is the gateway of flying ad hoc network (FANET) that consists of several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Two scenarios are considered in the paper: in the first scenario, the gateway node in the form of a UAV transmits data from several UAVs to the ground station directly; in the second scenario, between the flying gateway node and the ground station, there is a relay-node with the OLSR routing protocol enabled. To evaluate QoS was selected Goodput metric. According to the experiments' results, it was concluded that an increase in the number of sources increases the requirements for QoS metric. The solution to the problems could be the use of the network coding method, which is described through a scenario of two oncoming streams.


A simple analytic technique is described that allows the determination of complex impedances from quasistatic frequencies (some Hz) up to 2 GHz with one setup and a single sweep. Samples are placed in a shielded capacitor-like measurement cell that is inserted into a transmission line. The transmission coefficient of the setup is measured for one signal direction, i.e., only two receiver channels are needed. A complete calibration is achieved with only two standards. Dielectric and, with restrictions in the frequency range, magnetic material parameters can be determined via these impedance measurements. Temperature-dependent calibration and measurement are possible and even low losses down to tan /spl delta/=5/spl middot/10/sup -4/ and small impedances Z/spl ges/0.05 /spl Omega/ can be determined. The applicability of the method is experimentally verified over a frequency range of nearly nine decades from 5 Hz to 2 GHz. >


Mitral valve prolapse is a standout amongst the most common heart conditions, which may influence up to five to 10% of typical populace and a standout amongst the most questionable ones. The advent of computer aided technologies has contributed widely in medical application. This paper discussed on a methodological study on medical image processing to evaluate accurate diagnosis in the field of computer vision. The fundamental of image processing is to enhance the raw images obtain from machine so the useful information can be extracted from it. This paper deals with the application of the image processing on mitral valve images for further research purpose. Ultrasound data taken with subject diagnosed by mitral valve disease is analyse to determine the diameter of the valve. Based on the experiment, the average of mitral valve diameter is 21.82 mm which represent the abnormal length of mitral valve for adult.


This paper examines the place attributed to symbols and symbolic exchange in organ transplantation. In the first part, the paper focuses on the symbolic implementation thanks to the French Agence de la Biomedecine endeavor to increase the procurement rate through its exhortation campaigns. In the second part, the papers examines whether the procurement of organs belongs in the realm of the exchange of symbolic goods. In conclusion, the paper singles out the notion of organizational gift, in order to conceptualize the nature of the relation between families and the professionals when organ procurement is at stake.


The stress-strain and thermomechanical characteristics of poly(pyromellitimide) films upon planar orientational drawing (λ = 1-1.65) at 400°C were studied. Mechanical properties of the oriented samples were studied by tensile tests in the temperature range 20-250°C and upon thermal aging at a temperature of up to 350°C. After the orientational drawing, the ultimate strength, forced rubberlike elasticity, and modulus of elasticity of the films markedly increased. The elongation at break somewhat decreased, but still remained on the level of 35-40% not limiting the field of possible practical applications. Mechanical properties of the oriented films are markedly more stable with respect to thermal aging than the properties of initial films. The data obtained were used to estimate the degree of orientation of macromolecules in the samples studied.


Mass discharge across a control plane has great potential to serve as a metric for the assessment of the impact of partial source zone depletion and for the development of risk‐based source plume remediation strategies. However, field‐estimated mass discharge is always subject to uncertainty, arising from nonexclusive sampling. The accuracy of the estimated discharge and the magnitude of its quantifiable uncertainty depend upon the amount of information provided by the sample data. A multistage spatial sampling strategy is proposed to select optimal sampling locations and determine minimal sampling density for accurate quantification of mass discharge uncertainty. Two sampling criteria are incorporated to ensure coverage of the control plane and delineation of highly concentrated areas (hot spots). Multiple criteria decision making theory is adapted to objectively weight the two sampling criteria, on the basis of the information importance of each criterion, with additional observations located according to the weighted average of the two criteria. Application of this methodology to numerically simulated plume transects shows that in comparison to one stage sampling design (regular pattern), this sampling strategy yields a 50% reduction in required sampling density for accurate uncertainty modeling. The developed sampling algorithm can be used in real time to guide staged field sampling.


"Wuthering Heights"is a novel of critical realism which presents readers a vivid picture of the protagonist Heathcliff's love and hatred.Heathcliff growing up in mistreatment and insult lost his love and thus took a series of fierce revenge on people around him.In the process of revenge,Heathcliff's nature as a normal man is badly distorted and his revenge turned out to be nothing but meaningless in the end.With the ending of the novel,after Heathclifff died and one of the new generations Hareton began to live in love and harmony,the distorted human nature restores as well.


Simple Summary Actinobacteria remain a key source for antibiotic discovery, and the current antimicrobial resistance crisis is becoming a driving force for actinobacteria research. Insect-associated actinomycetes are an underexplored ecological niche with prospects for the search for novel antimicrobial compounds. The described associations of leaf-cutter ants and Pseudonocardia bacteria or solitary wasps and Streptomyces bacteria were the first examples of mutually beneficial coexistence of insects with actinobacteria. On the molecular level, these systems are regulated by antibiotics. The complex relationships between insects and actinobacteria mediated by antibiotics could be important for the stability of ecosystems and agricultural production. Abstract Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016–August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect–actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.


The intention of the present paper is to provide a unified algebraic ba:.is for the transformation of algorithms for the sake of unlimited parallelisri. In the case of recursive algorithms a certain class of algebraic structures is shown to be sufficient for the application of the well known look-ahead computation. This approach is generalized to matrix based algorithms where the operations form a semiring. Previously known approaches to the speeding up of recursions are shown to be special instanccs of the given approach. A new block processing realization corresponding to the logarithmic look ahead computation is given which is efficient in its area and time requirements. The advances in VLSl technology enable the implementation of systems consisting of many computational units. At the same time, the speed of individual elements did not improve by a comparable amount. Therefore, in case of computational intensive tasks in real time applications where high throughput is of concern, there is need for massive parallelism. The intention of this paper is not mainly directed to the presentation of new architectures. Instead, a unified algebraic basis is provided which is shown to be sufficient for the transformation of algorithms for parallel processing. The important result is that as soon as given algebraic conditions are met the presented results and known architectures for special cases can now generally be applied.


If current demographic trends continue, the combined population of the twenty-five countries that currently make up the European Union will age rapidly and decline in size in the coming decades. As the EU population ages and declines, so will its labour force, which will likely constrain the labour market and generate lower rates of economic growth. Data from the most recent round of United Nation population projections is used to illustrate the scale of these changes.


FIELD: lifts and elevators. SUBSTANCE: proposed lift with cable drive pulley contains cabin moving along guides, counterweight, guides for counterweight, cables on which cabin is suspended and drive with cable drive pulley. Drive is arranged in upper part of lift well between well space required for movement and/or overground extension and wall of well. Drive is made flat, it does not use gear wheels, diameter of cable drive pulley is smaller than diameter of stator or rotor which is made disk-like. Plane of rotation of cable drive pulley is arranged in parallel with plane between guides of counterweight. EFFECT: reduced space required for mounting of drive and lift as a whole. 33 cl, 7 dwg


A urinary catheter device comprises a urinary catheter 1 and a flexible tubular catheter packaging comprising a hose element 4, which snugly surrounds the catheter 1. A proximal end of the catheter is connected to a connector element 3 and the packaging comprises a tubular chamber 10 connected to the hose element 4 for reception of the connector element 3. The chamber 10 is at a first end closed with a removable cover element 11 and a distal end of the hose element 4 is closed with a removable closure 7. The connector element 3 can be connected to the distal end of the hose element 4 upon removal of the cover element 11 and the closure 7, such that the hose element 4, when the catheter 1 is removed therefrom, forms an extension element in flow connection with the catheter 1.


This study discusses the influence of NCT 127 as a brand ambassador, electric word of mouth, and e-service quality on purchasing decisions in Blibli.com e-commerce. The independent variables in this study are brand ambassadors, electric word of mouth, and e-service quality while the dependent variable is the Blibli.com e-commerce purchasing decision. The research method used is quantitative research method with a total of 100 respondents obtained using random sampling method from the entire NCTzen population who are followers of the @Nctzenarea Instagram account. This study uses the Parliat Least Square (PLS) test tool and the results of this study indicate that brand ambassadors, electronic word of mouth, and e-service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions in Blibli.com e-commerce.
Keywords: Brand Ambassador ; Electric Word of Mouth ; E-Service Quality ; Purchase Decision


The invention even during working such as hydraulic molding provides a steel pipe and a manufacturing method excellent in formability. In more detail, and the r value in the axial direction of the steel pipe at least 1.4, the plane from {110} on at the center of the steel pipe wall thickness {332} X-ray in the orientation component group of up to the average of the ratio is 3.5 or higher for the random X-ray intensity of the strength and and / or for the random X-ray intensity of the X-ray intensity in the orientation component of the plane {110} on at the center of the steel pipe wall thickness ratio is 5.0 or more having the characteristics, excellent moldability and a steel pipe; Plane {001} on the in the center of the capillary wall thickness of , {116} , {114} , and {112} of the bearing components are output to the random X-ray of the X-ray intensity a steel tube having a ratio of 3 or less characteristic for the strength, the heating at a temperature in the range of or less to 1200 ℃ more than 650 ℃, and further processing under the condition of 30% or more of the diameter reduction rate and the reduction rate of 5% to 30% of the wall thickness of the It provides a method for producing a steel pipe excellent in formability, characterized in that.


In order to study the effects of different doses of Chinese herbal medicine and antibiotics on production performance and economic benefits of weaning piglets,60three-crossbred healthy weaning piglets were selected(Duroc×Landrace×Large White),with the weight of(10±1)kg.They were randomly divided into 4treatment groups(3experimental groups and1control group)and each group had 3replications including 5piglets separately.In each experimental group,the basal diets were supplemented with 0.2%,0.4% Chinese herbal medicine and antibiotics(400mg/kg of colistin sulfate).The results showed that,in comparison to the control group,the average daily gains in 3experimental groups increased respectively by8.24%,9.17%and 8.65%in turn,significant differences(P0.05);feed to gain ratioes were decreased by 5.12%,6.56%and 5.01%,significant differences(P0.05);piglet diarrhea rates decreased;the gross profits per pig increased respectively by 3.78%,5.87%and 4.07%.It illustrated that Chinese herbal medicine could completely replace antibiotics to a certain extent,but there were some differences between the effects of different doses of Chinese herbal medicine.