Season‐dependent interannual variability of surface winds across Antarctica and the Southern Ocean is investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim (ERA‐Interim) reanalysis for 1979–2017 and the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) technique. The first three EOF modes, which account for 18–23%, 11–15%, and 8–10% of the total variances for the four austral seasons, are related to several known modes of Southern Hemisphere large‐scale circulation including the southern annular mode, Pacific South American (PSA), and Zonal Wave 3 (ZW3) and to sea surface temperature anomalies in eastern (Niño 3) and central (Niño 4) tropical Pacific Ocean. Specifically, EOF1 and EOF2 are significantly correlated with southern annular mode in all seasons except for autumn EOF2. Neither EOF1 nor EOF2 are significantly correlated to Niño 3, but Niño 4 is significantly correlated to winter EOF1 and to EOF2 in all seasons but winter. EOF1 is significantly related to ZW3 for all seasons but summer; however, no significant connection is found between EOF2 and ZW3. Significant correlations exist between spring and winter EOF2 and PSA1 and between spring EOF1 and PSA2. EOF3 is significantly correlated with Niño 3, Niño 4, and PSA2 in all seasons but summer. The spatial patterns of all three modes can be largely explained by the anomalous mean sea level pressure fields that strengthen or weaken climatological winds in different regions of the Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, although variations in katabatic forcing also plays a role in the variations of surface winds especially in East Antarctica and during winter season where and when katabatic forcing dominates.


A method for measuring electric or magnetic anisotropy at microwave frequencies is described. It is based on the effect produced by an anisotropic sample placed inside a square resonant cavity, on two originally degenerate and mutually independent modes. A coupling between the modes is created and, at the same time, the degeneracy is lifted and two distinct resonant frequencies appear. The theory of these effects is presented for the case of uniaxial anisotropic dielectrics. Experiments carried out with samples simulating anisotropy yielded results in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


Objective:To investigate the effects of 5α-dihydrostestosterone (DHT) on calcium mobilization and growth of prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.Methods: Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was assayed by MiraCal Image System using Fura-2/AM as Ca2+ fluorescence probe. Cell viability was observed by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results: The calcium levels rapidly increased following addition of DHT, with the latency of response only in seconds. DHT at the concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 nmol/L increased [Ca2+]i from (28±5), (29±5), (28±4) and (28±9) nmol/L to (31±3) ( P0.05,65±9) (P0.01), (193±33) (P0.001) and (208±42) nmol/L (P0.001), respectively. The response induced by 1 000 nmol/L DHT was similar to that induced by 100 nmol/L DTH. DHT 1 000 nmol/L did not increase [Ca2+]i under extracellular Ca2+ -free condition. Blockers of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, including verapamil (50 μmol/L), diltiazem (100 μmol/L) or nifedipine (5 mmol/L) at 37℃ for 5 min prior to stimulation with 1 000 nmol/L DHT, completely inhibited DHT-induced [Ca2+]i rise. Pre-treatment with inhibitor of phospholipase C such as neomycin sulfate (1 mmol/L) at 37℃ for 3 min or inhibitor of ryanodine receptor such as procaine (50 mmol/L) at 37℃ for 3 min had no influence on [Ca2+]i rise induced by 1 000 nmol/L DHT. The optical density (D) values and early apoptosis rates of the cells stimulated with 1 000 nmol/L DHT for 48 h were significantly different from those of cells pre-treated with verapamil prior to stimulation with 1 000 nmol/L DHT ([0.67±0.10] % vs [2.13±0.16] % and [14.31±2.29] % vs [1.07±0.19] %,P0.01).Conclusion: DHT can induce rapid [Ca2+]i rise in LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase of [Ca2+]i induced by DHT involves L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, but does not involve release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. The increase of [Ca2+]i induced by DHT increases apoptosis and inhibits growth of LNCaP cells.


The article reviews the main issues and perspectives of the public-private partnerships in the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to optimize the region concession project management system for the subject of the Russian federation on basis of the instantiation of concession procedure. The authors suggest the algorithm of concession organization in Perm Krai (region of Russia), taking into account the main components of the concession project management system such as: the objectives, the concept, the objects, the subjects, the factors and the toolset. The main attention is paid on the methodical recommendations on the integral efficiency of the concession project management in the conditions of the economic and social region development. The suggested approach to the region concession management mechanism can be used by the region government to work out the management strategies of concession projects and make out the normative methodical base.


The vortex pinning phenomena were investigated in type II high temperature superconducting material, polycrystalline La/sub 1.85/Sr/sub 0.15/CuO/sub 4/ to which 3.5 GeV Xe ion end 26 GeV Ar ion were irradiated. Changes of superconducting characteristics were measured before and after the ion irradiations using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). In Xe irradiation as well as Ar irradiation, reduction of normalized rate of magnetic relaxation was observed. The reduction rate of Xe ion irradiated specimen was much larger than that of the Ar ion irradiated one. However, in polycrystalline LSCO, existence of grains with various directions and numerous grain boundaries may take considerable roles to pin vortex together with columnar defects. It appears that the creep rate obtained substantiates the collective creep model of the vortex.


Wurtzite GaN samples containing one, three and five 4nm thick high temperature (HT) AlN Interlayers (IL) have been grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). N-polar as well as Ga-polar thin films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrical measurements. All samples under consideration show excellent AFM rms surface roughness below 1nm. Previously, we published a reduction of the threading dislocation (TD) density by a factor of seven due to the introduction of one AlN-IL. When introducing multiple AlN-IL a reduction by a factor of 5.2 is achieved. Hall measurements show a rise in electron mobility due to possible 2DEG formation at the interface between GaN and the AlN-ILs. Significant growth mode differences between Ga-polar and N-polar samples result in drastically higher electron mobility values for N-polar material. For N-polar samples the exceptional mobility increase from 68 (no AlN-IL) to 707 cm 2 /Vs (one AlN-IL) as well as the extremely low intrinsic carrier density of 1 x 10 17 cm -3 prove the applicability of AlN barriers in inverted FET devices.


We investigated thebiogeographic properties and relationships of Scleractinia in the North Atlantic. The North Atlantic was divided into 3 8 geographic regions and each of the 134 North Atlantic species known from deeper than 200 m was scored for each region, resulting in a data matrix of 5092 cells. The species composition of each region was then analyzed by calculating a matrix of BrayCurtis distance coefficients and performing a cluster analysis (UPGMA) and ordination {Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling) to determine biogeographic afEnities and relationships of these localities. Three major clusters (superclusters) were distinguished: western, eastern and North Atlantic. The westem Atlantic supercluster consists of the tropical and warm temperate westem Atlantic regions and is characterized by 58% endemic species and a relatively low percentage of deep-water species. It consists of three subordinate clusters, which represent insular, continental and warm temperate areas. The eastern Atlantic supercluster extends from the Faroe Islands to the Gulf of Guinea, and is characterized by 38% endemic species and a disproportionately high number of amphi-Atlantic and cosmopolitan species, as well as a higher than average number of deep-living species. It also consists of three subordinate clusters: a Lusitanian warm temperate group, tropical localities, and a third cluster consisting of the Cape Verde and Canary Islands. The North Atlantic supercluster is characterized not by endemic species, but rather by a high number of cosmopolitan and amphi-Atlantic species, as well as a disproportionately high number of deep-living, unattached, and flabellid species. Two subordinate clusters correspond to the cold temperate northeast and northwest Atlantic.


We report the case of a 50-year-old patient, referred by the dermatology department of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech for amputation of the index finger due to a melanoma diagnosed by biopsy. The amputation was performed using the Chase technique. The aesthetic and functional result was very satisfactory after the operation.


A concise approach to synthesize paucifloral F was developed via a stereoselective palladium-catalyzed α-arylation reaction. The approach has also been applied in the synthesis of indanone analogues of Paucifloral F.


Comparison of a variety of vision screening methols used with preschool children led to modification of the standard Snellen E test called the Blackbird Vision Screening System. An instructional story using an "E-bird" was developed to teach children the various possible positions of the E. The visual confusion caused by the chart was eliminated by printing single symbols on 9X9 test cards. Other adaptations included designing disposable cardboard eyeglasses with flip-out lenses to serve as an occiuder for one eye and the development of the Blackbird Storybook Home Eye Test to help identify vision problems, especially amblyopia, in children not in a preschool program providing vision screening. With the new test 99% of children ages 3 to 5 are able to be screened. A brochure describing and illustratin; the screening test materials is attached. (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** DATE: October 9, 1988 TO: APHA PRESS ROOM AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION FROM: Kiyo Sato-Viacrucis, PHN P.O. Box 277424 Sacramento, CA 96827 916:429-6629 PRESENTATION FOR 116TH ANNUAL MEETING: Tuesday, November 15, 1988 479 2:00 PM 3/30 PM Marriott Copley Place Boston, MA VISION CARE SECTION: Dr. Michael T. Cron U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ThiS document nas been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. C Minor changes have been mads to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions staed in this dockh ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." THE EVOLUTION OF THE SNELLEN E TO THE BLACKBIRD (Blackbird Preschool Vision Screening Program) How do we vision screen children who do not talk, read or speak English? Tools to identify acuity problems in young children are grossly inadequate. The standard Snellen E chart was devised in 1862 for use with older, nonliterate children and adults. For lack of a better method, we are CO


The effect of the addition of palm oil shortening up to 10% on baking
performance of white breads in terms of volume,ovenspring,weight,density,
color,crumb texture and shelf life using strong and weak flour was investi-
gated. Shortening improved the volume and oven spring of bread at an
optimum level of 4% for both strong and weak flour.The strong flour illustrated the effects of shortening more significantly than the weak flour as it produced loaves with higher volumes,oven spring andweight.Bread density decreased to its lowest at 4% of shortening before increasing but porosity decreased linearly with shortening level. These findings suggest that shortening has the optimum capability of reducing bread density at 4% and further addition resulted in dense and coarse bread. Addition of shortening also gave signs of whiter breads and mold reduction effect,although there is no particular trend with its usage levels.


The article deals with different interpretations of identity in the terminological fields of social philosophy, psychology, social science and the humanities. The author reviews the specifics of methodological approaches determined by the scientific subject framework. The correlation between the "identity" and "identification" conceptions is studied.


The Dornier Mercury (Merkur) is an outgrowth of the Dornier Komet. It is designed as a passenger aircraft with the Alpine routes in mind. Its fuselage is made of steel for high stressed parts and duraluminum for all others. It can also be outfitted as a seaplane.


A typology of four institutional research perspectives in organizational sociology is offered with the intention of broadening what our subfield considers "institutional": (a) social organization, (b) work and organization, (c) interactionism, and (d) cultural system. The case of the emergence of recycling in the U.S. solid waste field is drawn on to illustrate differences among these perspectives. The article advocates the view that organizational sociologists should draw from these diverse approaches as if they were theoretical resources in an institutional tool kit. This would make possible more eclectic multilevel approaches that should be attentive to the contingent nature of social action.


The syndromes of developmental dysphasia and their remediation are outlined in the selected proceedings of the Fourth International Child Neurology Congress held in Jerusalem, Israel March 16-20, 1986.


Many researches have been done all over the world since last decades in order to increase its efficiency and reliability of the HVDC transformer used for long distance HVDC transmission. Regarding DC characteristics of the oil impregnated pressboard, the complicate structure of the transformer causes several undesirable effects: inhomogeneous distribution of a high temperature caused by a heavy load and change of the insulation conductivity by the non-uniform electric field distribution. In addition, the accumulated space charges could cause any type of service failure under the transient voltage. Therefore, these parameters have been mainly investigated for the related insulation design of the HVDC transformer. In this work, the mobility of space charges has been focused since the pressboard has the composite insulation system where space charges are easily accumulated due to many unknown reasons. For this purpose, the conductivity of the oil impregnated pressboard was obtained by measuring leakage current and then the influence of the temperature and the electric field intensity on the conductivity have been investigated. The result shows that the conductivity seems to be proportional to the electric field intensity and increased exponentially with the temperature. Moreover, based on the measurement of polarization current of the pressboard, the mobility of the space charge in the pressboard has been assumed to be decreased with increasing the electric field intensity.


Most professionals in the field of educational technology have served as change agents; it is no accident that one domain in the current definition of the field specifies a sociological theory base linked to practice that includes diffusion, adoption, implementation and institutionalization of innovations. This paper emphasizes the implementation phase of the planned change process. A review of the literature is provided, leading up a description of the author's research on change in libraries. Using some hints about facilitating conditions from Mayhew (1975), the author identified the following eight conditions that appeared to facilitate the implementation of education technology innovations: (1) dissatisfaction with the status quo; (2) existence of knowledge and skills; (3) availability of resources; (4) availability of time; (5) rewards or incentives exist; (6) participation; (7) commitment; and (8) leadership. Continued searching for further confirmation in the literature has strengthened confidence in these eight conditions. This paper concludes with recommendations for future research in this area. (Author/AEF) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY D.P. Ely TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. '0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Donald P. Ely, Professor Emeritts: Instructional Design, Development and Evaluation Syracuse University Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Most professionals in the field of educational technology have served as change agents. They were destined to perform this role since they introduce concepts, procedures and products that are often foreign to those with whom they work. It is no accident that one domain in the current definition of the field (See ls and Richey, 1994) specifies a sociological theory base linked to practice that includes diffusion, adoption, implementation and institutionalization of innovations. This paper will emphasize the implementation phase of the planned change process. Adoption is not the end For education professionals who are interested in this process, the current "in" word is implementation. Rogers' earlier works (1962, 1971) speak mostly of diffusion and adoption; Hall's Concerns-Based Adoption Model (1979, 1987) addresses the issues and actions prior to adoption in his early studies and later, the levels of use--a precursor to concerns about implementation. Fullan (1982; 1991) includes implementation within his framework of the change process: initiation, implementation, continuation and outcomes. It seems that it is time to focus on implementation. Almost every instructional development model from the early Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model (University Consortium for Instructional Development and Technology, 1968) to current models that focus on computer-based learning (Hannafin and Peck, 1988) include implementation. Clearly, this is a time to focus on this phase of the change process. The diffusion precursors Rogers paved the way with his Diffusion of Innovations (1962, 1971, 1995). His presence at Michigan State University at the same time as Charles Schuller, Kent Gustafson and Ed Caffarella provided convenient and compatible relationships with the field of instructional technology. One of the earliest studies that blended Rogers' concerns and those in the evolving field of instructional development was on rejection of new educational media (Eicholz, 1975). Rogers continued to be embraced by our field and AECT over the years. In fact, he was the keynote speaker for the 1997 convention in Albuquerque. Rogers' initial emphasis was on diffusion--spreading the word (if not the seed; his field was agricultural sociology). His influence has led to several


Dynamic characteristics of PC cable-stayed bridges are evaluated by considering fluctuation of axial force of piers and towers, and by using three dimensional inelastic analytical model subjected to horizontal excitation in longitudinal and transverse direction separately. Numerical results imply the necessity of the consideration with fluctuation of axial force in piers and towers to make sure exact in-elastic behavior of bridges during earthquake. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 38 © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509


Patient advocacy was—or is, or used to be—politically correct. Along with related ideas such as the 'expert patient', the incoming Labour Government used such phrases or concepts as warm, 'touchy feely', devolved, personal, need-based—human concepts—to stamp its own flavour on the National Health Service (NHS) and to offer alternative ideologies to doctrines it had strongly opposed, such as the internal market and general practitioner (GP) fundholding, without perhaps having fully thought through what it was going to put in their place once it abolished them. Concepts such as these gained in momentum and importance in Goverment-speak as they floundered in terms of what to do with the NHS. Having announced what they wished to change, along with the improvement in outcome they wished to achieve, and more specifically, what they proposed to abolish, they had to come up with some constructive suggestions as to what to put in place and how to make the NHS work. In other words, they had to have something to say. Emotive phrases, particularly 'patient involvement' and 'patient advocacy', became particularly useful when the Government announced it planned to abolish Community Health Councils. In response to the resulting outcry and squeals of anguish, the Labour Government had to defend its stance. Abolishing something with the word 'community' in it carried great political risk, so they had to demonstrate that they were even more human, more personal and more devolved than were Community Health Councils themselves. The Patient Advocacy Liaison Service (PALS) became a much-heralded alternative vehicle for understanding and reflecting the needs and concerns of real people and real patients. It featured very heavily in the NHS Plan, A Plan for Investment and a Plan for Reform. On page 12, for example, we learned that, 'patient advocates and advisors will be set up in every hospital'. On page 15 we read 'for the first time patients will have an advocate in every hospital, so that a system designed around patients is a system with more power to patients'. On page 91 their role was clarified and the importance of their position underlined with the explanation, 'Patient advocates will act as an independent facilitator to handle patient and family concerns, with direct access to the chief executive and the power to negotiate immediate solutions'. The link with Community Health Councils was clarified on page 92:


The reduction of raw echelle data is a straightforward, although quite complicated task, where the reliability of the final result strongly depends on precise accomplishment of each step. Therefore the choice of reduction package best suited for the particular instrument is very important. We have tested several software packages commonly used for reduction of data from fiber-fed echelle spectrographs. We used them for processing of raw CCD echellegram of early-type stars secured with HEROS fiber echelle spectrograph currently installed at Cassegrain focus of Ondřejov observatory 2m telescope. The main interest was focused on the methods and algorithms of determination of dispersion relation. The spectra were reduced until the individual one-dimensional lambdacalibrated orders were obtained. The precision of wavelength calibration was then compared.


Crystallization of metallic materials occurs during their casting and following solidification. The influence of directional material solidification, the size of grains, chemical heterogeneity and existence of any non – compactness, can negatively affect properties of the final product. Microstructural analysis of its longitudinal section was performed to study heterogeneity in a continuously cast steel billet. Three typical areas of the cast structure of the billet were monitored (the chill zone, columnar crystals area and central area of equiaxed crystals). EDX microanalysis and micro-structural analysis were used for evaluation of chemical heterogeneity. Via X-ray microanalysis, concentrations of the following elements were observed: manganese, chromium, silicon, phosphorus, molybdenum and iron. The microanalytical measurements were completed by microhardness measurements in the investigated areas. Based on the measured data it was proven that central areas were enriched with all the substitutional elements including a considerable increase in phosphorus concentration.


A closed condensing power cycle using tetrafluoromethane or R14 and a solid solute as its working fluid is described. The inclusion of a solid solute that yields a positive excess enthalpy of solution with the R14 creates a potential for complete exhaust heat regeneration. The solution
 reaction provides a temporary thermal reservoir for the cycle's low temperature exhaust heat until that energy is regenerated as heat by retrograde solubility during the cycle's high temperature and low density expansion phase. A slow solute dissolution rate in the solvent's low density state
 near the cycle's high temperature enables the cycle to utilize all of the regenerated exhaust heat either as work output or by exhausting surplus heat at a second temperature level. The cycle's thermodynamic path establishes solvent property reference points that can be used to determine the
 maximum positive excess enthalpies of solution required for a solvent to accomplish total exhaust heat regeneration when used as the cycle's working fluid.


In present paper, molecular dynamics is used to study amyloid fibril destruction by oppositely charged dendrimers. Dendrimers are often used for delivery of drugs and biological molecules. They also could be used as antibacterial, antiviral and antiamyloid agents. Since lysine dendrimers are less toxic than conventional synthetic dendrimers), we chose them and studied system consisting of 3rd generation dendrimers and stack of 16 short amyloid peptides in water. It was shown that lysine dendrimer destroys amyloid stack and forms stable complex with amyloid peptides. We investigated the structures of the complex in equilibrium state and obtained that peptides in complex stay mainly on the surface of dendrimer and do not penetrate into it. The data can be used in future in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, since it is believed that one of the reasons for its occurrence is the formation of amyloid fibrils.


Based on a well-known tight-binding Hamiltonian formulation of carbon nanotubes, the local density of states of semiconductor-metal double-wall carbon nanotubes DWCNTs is evaluated numerically. The results verify that the semiconductor shells in contact with the nearby metallic shells become metallic, a direct evidence of a metallic proximity effect. This proximity effect can be used to explain the anomalous field effect characteristics observed in the field effect transistors made of the semiconductor-metal-type DWCNTs.


Objective: To observe and compare the effect of Bioglass and Hydroxyapactite in the repair of alveolar bone. Methods: Twenty four rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with Bioglass and the second with Hydroxyapactite (HA). In the 4th, 8th, 12th weeks after surgery, the condition of bone regeneration was observed with radiological and pathological methods. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups. Bioglass could induce guide bone regeneration faster than hydroxyapatite, and could be substituted by new bone to form completely normal bone. Conclusion: Since Bioglass is more effective than HA in promoting bone regeneration, it is an ideal substitute for bone repair.


Objective
To investigate the correlation of different levels of exercise on metabolic control and chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.

Methods
A total of 5 961 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from 50 representative centers across China for this survey during April to July in 2010. Patients were divided into three groups according their compliance to exercise: full (2 096), partial (2 398) and poor (1 466) compliance. Analysis of variance and Chi-square test were used to test the differences of measurement data and counts data among the three groups, respectively, and Logistic regression models was used to analyze the interdependency between exercise and patients with hypoglycemia.

Results
Fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of patients in the full compliance group were significantly lower than those of partial and poor compliance group (numerical comparison are as follows (7.7±2.8) vs (8.2±2.9) vs (8.6±3.5) mmol/L, (10.8±4.2) vs (11.7±4.4) vs 12.2±4.8) mmol/L, HbA1c (8.0±2.1) vs (8.3±2.2) vs (8.7±2.3) %, (4.8±1.3) vs (4.9±1.5) vs (4.8±1.4) mmol/L, (1.9±1.6) vs (2.1±1.7) vs (2.3±2.0) mmol/L, (24.1±3.7) vs (24.6±4.0) vs (24.8±4.7) kg/m2, (129±16) vs (130±17) vs (132±18) mmHg, (78±10) vs (79± 10) vs (80± 11) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, F=3.658-37.799, P<0.05) . The morbidity of diabetic peripheral vascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot of patients in the full compliance group were less than poor compliance group (numerical comparison are as follows (12.51% vs 15.96%) , (12.56% vs 18.69%) , (24.50% vs 29.33%) , (28.84% vs 33.63%) , (4.11% vs 9.14%) , χ2=8.580, 25.547, 10.715, 9.629, 47.724, P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Patients with regular exercise has better glycemic control, blood pressure, lipid and body mass index. Furthermore, the prevalence of diabetic complications is lower.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Exercise; Metabolic indicators; Complications


Recently, coal fly ash has become a potential candidate as a secondary resource of rare earth elements (REE). In this investigation, we studied the recovery of REE from fly ash from a commercial power plant. The specific aim was to assess the technical feasibility of recovering REE from the coal fly ash using conventional preconcentration methods, including gravity separation, magnetic separation, and froth flotation. The experimental results revealed that flotation achieved major gains in REE recovery and upgrading. However, during gravity and wet magnetic separation tests, the bulk of REE reported to the tailings. The results showed significant variations in the performance of the various beneficiation methods investigated. This study has confirmed that existing physical separation methods could be used to recover REE from coal fly ash prior to hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processing, although some challenges persist.


In recent years, Iranian companies have shown more interest on knowledge management and have started to invest on KM projects. They have used different approaches and methodologies to implement knowledge management programs. While most of the companies have hired consultants for KM design and implementation, a few have experienced in-house development. However, it seems that knowledge management consultancy in Iran is in its early stages of growth in terms of market as well as internal capabilities. The aim of this paper is to present the current situation of knowledge management initiatives in Iran. A supply and demand model was used to analyze the knowledge management products and services in one side and the customers' requirements of the systems on the other side. Via a comparison matrix, the customers' requirements were compared against the existing knowledge management products and services. The results showed key challenges of Iranian KM market from both supply and demand sides.


At present there are 13 power units with RBMK-1000 and 2 power units with RBMK-1500 reactors in operation. In 1986 as a result of safety enhancement program 80--100 additional absorbers (AA) were installed in RBMK-1000 reactor and number of AA RBMK-1500 reactors increased by 54. This made possible to improve reactor safety and reduce void coefficient down to 0.6--0.8 {beta}. At the same time, fuel burn-up was decreased by 30--35% as compared to its design value. Until 1986 a greater emphasis in RBMK fuel advancement has been focused on its reliability and efficiency. Starting from 1986 the main goal of design and calculation analysis was to upgrade fuel loading with a view to reduce void reactivity coefficient. Research activities demonstrated that the use of erbium oxide as AA in the fuel can be regarded as the advantageous approach for RBMK reactors.


The present disclosure relates to a power amplifier circuit. In one example, the power amplifier circuit includes a power amplifier coupled to a variable load and a digitally tunable impedance matching network (TMN) positioned between the power amplifier and the variable load. The TMN includes at least one controllable capacitor having a maxi mum capacitance CT, where the controllable capacitor has a plurality of actuable capacitive elements having differing reactance values ranging from CT*2' to CT*2S, where N=> 1.


High levels of unemployment over more than a decade together with industrial restructuring suggest there may be a widening gap between the work chances of unemployed people and the rest of the workforce in Great Britain. Labour Force Survey data show that the proportion of unemployed people who had found work one year later was much lower after the economic recovery of the late 1980s than it was ten years previously. We model trends between 1979 and 1989 in the work chances of unemployed people relative to the chances of people in work. During the first half of the decade work chances of these two groups diverged, and though later economic recovery enabled young unemployed people to regain their 1979 position relative to young people in work, the relative work chances of older unemployed people were permanently impaired. These trends relate closely to employers' recruitment rates, and suggest that changes in the type of labour sought by employers have been particularly disadvantageous for older people, especially men. Our findings do not support the idea of the emergence of an unemployed `underclass' as a general phenomenon, but prolonged high levels of unemployment in the 1990s may change the picture.


Based on random sample of 339 households of Mizhi County in north Shaanxi Province,income effect of Sloping Lands Conversion Programme on the sample households is analysed by using the descriptive statistical method and " difference-in-difference " method.The results show that household percapita net income is increasing regardless of the subsidies;farmers' planting income increase after Sloping Lands Conversion Programme but the effects on the income of husbandry and the work income are low.


What educational institutions are facing today are the requirements of increasing numbers of learners who are described as nomadic. The nomadic learner has specific requirements, not all of which include specific mobile devices or technologies, but rather a support system or infrastructure which allows easy access to information in a convenient form as the nomad moves from place to place. Across the education environment a shift of focus is occurring - 'learner demands, the technology supplies seamlessly'. This shift challenges libraries to examine their service delivery and to focus on the implementation of relevant standards.


Background. Appalachian respondents were surveyed about their knowledge of cancer and screening intentions in a pre/post research design. Methods. At baseline, 696 telephone interviews were conducted of randomly selected respondents. Half were randomly assigned to a control group and half were provided correct information to incorrect responses. Four months later, respondents were re-interviewed. Results. Provision of correct information did not produce major differences in the intervention group. Conclusions. Although the intervention was less effective than anticipated, the pilot test provided possible explanations/variables that educators may be able to control or incorporate as features in future studies. lthough one can often hear that ignorance is bliss, this is not the case when it comes to life-threatening illnesses like cancer. Indeed, knowledge is needed to maintain health; it is understandable that knowledge objectives are a part of virtually all health promotion activities.1 However, educating the public about cancer and the need to be proactive regarding screening is a difficult challenge for educators and direct service providers alike. Despite expenditures in the millions of dollars and national campaigns by the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, as well as the efforts of most hospitals and physicians, large segments of the population do not possess knowledge about when to obtain screening.2-4 The challenge of how best to educate the public is compounded by lack of health literacy,5 fear of procedures or what they may reveal,6-8 and the deterrent cost of screening procedures for many individuals.9 To make the issue even more complex, educational efforts may focus on very specific aspects of the population and need to appeal to individuals of a certain gender, age, or ethnic/cultural background. In attempting to educate the public, many different approaches have been tried. For instance, educational brochures promoting influenza immunization have been found to be successful and more effective than lottery-type incentives; however, those receiving both interventions were less likely to be immunized than those in the singleintervention groups.10 Brochures have been mailed to patients after referral for screening colonoscopy11 to increase attendance at colorectal cancer screening,12 and to encourage women to have Pap smears.13 Approaches have combined television, brochures and newsletters, and Web site pages and links to educational materials.14,15 Messages to increase mammography screening have been tailored based on specific characteristics and coping styles.16 Taking advantage of captive audiences, approaches have involved individual presentations by mammography technologists17 and computer kiosks in community settings such as laundry mats.18 In the quest to find an educational tool or approach that produces strong, invariable outcomes, some truly innovative approaches have been tried (eg, theater19 and "This Side Up" t-shirts for newborn infants to combat sudden infant death syndrome20). Although it has been stated that almost any educational intervention can increase knowledge,14 even obvious ones with clear benefits do not always change behavior.20-22 Although it is naïve to believe that any one single approach would achieve high levels of success given the varied influences that affect our health-seeking and maintenance behavior, nonetheless educators continue to seek a "sure-fire" intervention that can convey knowledge about cancer reliably and at not too great of a cost. Received from College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (DR); and Prevention Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY (MD). Address correspondence and reprint requests to: David Royse, PhD, College of Social Work, 637 Patterson Office Tower, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0027; phone: (859) 257-6659; e-mail: <firstname.lastname@example.com>. A


poses; Graunt saw the use of his demographic data on the people of London as being useful for estimating "the consumption they would make, so as Trade might not be hoped for where it is impossible" (p. 76). •Edmund Halley (of the comet fame), who extended Graunt's work by using detailed birth and death data from the German town of Breslaw to form the first predictions of life expectancy at different ages, the basis for life insurance actuarial tables. •The French mathematician Abraham de Moivre, who actually discovered the normal distribution before Gauss. •Francis Gatton, who showed that successors to outliers are destined to join the crowd at the center of the normal distribution, the incredibly insightful notion of regression to the mean. •The irascible Chicago economist Frank Knight, who claimed he became an economist because "plowing was too hard on his feet" (p. 218). Knight's doctoral thesis, "Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit," which was published in 1921, was the first work in any field to deal explicitly with decision making under uncertainty.


The structure determination of tetra-μ-sulfido-1:2κ4S;1:3κ4S-bis(tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione)- 2κS;3κS-bis(triphenylphosphine-2κP;3κP-dicoppertungsten, [WCu2S4(C4H8N2S)2(C18H15P)2], is reported. The compound contains a linear cluster core [CuS2WS2Cu]; each Cu atom has a distorted tetrahedral coordination, from two S atoms of a tetradentate WS42− moiety, one S atom of tpt and one P atom of PPh3.


Since the present economic recession started with the oil crisis of the early 1970s, managers and employers have been asked by various politicians to ensure that their staff are ready for the recovery ahead. It appears a tall order to increase expenditure on staff training when turnover and profits are down, and government spending on education and training is effectively lower. However, the costs of keeping staff up‐to‐date and fully trained in their particular specialities need not be as heavy as is often believed. The most cost‐efficient and, arguably, least exploited form of education is that of distance learning, more commonly known as correspondence courses.


The development of Lewis acid-Lewis base bifunctional catalysts in asymmetric catalysis has been inspired by the idea of emulating natural catalysts, such as enzymes. Recent interest has been shown in the design, synthesis and application of aminoboronic acids as bifunctional catalysts, though this was based on the early work by Lestinger who proved the bifunctional concept using aminoboronic acids. The aim of this article is to briefly summarise the synthesis of aromatic, ferrocene and nonaromatic aminoboronic acids and outline their recent applications, particularly in direct amide formation and aldol reactions.


The present invention relates to a cellulosic material having one or more smoke diluents within its cellular structure and, optionally, one or more smoke diluents on its surface.


Unlike the inner-membrane, the outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria cannot be energised by a proton gradient and the periplasmic space is absent of ATP. This poses a significant problem for active processes such as transport against concentration gradients. TonB-dependent transporters (TBDT) are a class of outer-membrane proteins responsible for the scavenging and import of scarce metallo-organic complexes from the environment. They are structurally characterized by a 22-stranded β-barrel with the lumen occluded by an N-terminal globular 'plug' domain which contains a conserved binding motif known as the Ton box. Upon substrate binding, the Ton box becomes exposed to the periplasmic space where it forms a non-covalent complex with the C-terminus of a cytoplasmic membrane protein, TonB. The transport process requires energy from a proton motive force coupled with an inner membrane complex TonB-ExbB-ExbD. Regardless of a wealth of structural information, current models of the TonB-dependent transport mechanism are speculative. Conversely, despite no current experimental evidence, it is generally accepted that the plug domain must undergo a large conformational change facilitated by mechanical force exerted onto the Ton box tether by TonB.
In this thesis, force spectroscopy, protein engineering, molecular dynamics and bacterial growth assays are used to investigate the effects of force on TonB:TBDT complexes from E. coli. These experiments demonstrate that the channel of the vitamin B12 transporter (BtuB), reconstituted into synthetic liposome, can be opened by the application of force onto the plug domain via the non-covalent binding partner, TonB. Using wild-type BtuB and several of its mutants together with a related receptor (FhuA), the extent of plug remodelling is found to be highly controlled and determined by the cargo the receptor has evolved to transport. For both receptors, the plug domain can be regarded as comprising a mechanically weak channel forming sub-domain, and a mechanically strong sub-domain used both for allosteric signalling and to limit the size of the channel to allow passage of molecules no larger than its cargo.
Alongside these findings, structural and biophysical analysis of the periplasmic spanning protein TonB reveals conformation within the proline-rich linker domain, which allows speculation of the origin of the pulling force used for plug remodelling.


Development of secondary flow in curved rectangular regular section duct using an improved finite difference scheme for solving parabolized Navier-Stokes equations is presented. This scheme has its origin in the work of Briley, which is based on ADI method to march the solution in the streamwise direction. With some modifications, it is shown in the present work that the stability of this scheme is greatly enhanced. Its applicability is considerably increased. To demonstrate the strength of the improved scheme, it is used to predict the flows in both mildly and strongly curved ducts for moderate to high Dean number. Predictions obtained with the improved scheme show good agreement with the available experimental and computational data


An endpoint detectable plating process to avoid over-electroplating was proposed and performed in this work. The technology was developed for a fabrication of Pyrex glass wafer with electrical feedthroughs. Thin film of gold was deposited on the glass wafer prior to a femto-second laser drilling. When a growing metal in the through-holes was contacted to the gold, a resistance between the opposite two electrodes decreases suddenly. Thus the endpoint detection was realized by in situ monitoring of applied voltage at constant current mode. After the endpoint detection, periodic reverse plating was applied to fill the through-holes uniformly. Finally, uniform copper deposition in the through-holes up to 12 aspect ratios was realized by this method.


This article aims to discuss the contributions of the educational programs of the Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS) for the innovation of educational policy of the municipality of Castelo do Piaui. The survey was conducted by means of documental analysis of reports from the City Department of education (SEMED), of the draft of the educational programs of the Instituto Ayrton Senna (Brazil Accelerates, Binds, circuit champion and Management Note 10) and the application of questionnaire with two institutional coordinators of these programs. The results show the Ayrton Senna Institute educational programs have contributed to innovations that have structured educational policy of this municipality, which articulated a networking, managed to give positive responses in the area of education. The work, in addition to greatly improve the quality of education, ensuring the learning, also contributed to the development of innovative pedagogical practices that prioritize the right to learn of children, adolescents and young people.


This thesis aims to evaluating the actual performance of China's "Feed-in-Tariff" system for wind energy, especially the updated version after 2009 which being part of the Chinese economic stimulus package that intended to help the recovery of the economy from global financial crisis. The research started by looking thoroughly into the evolution and mechanism of the system. Then through a case study focuses on Chang River Delta region, the assessment undergoes by using indicators that covered four dimensions, namely economic, environmental, social and energy system respectively. The comparison of the intended and unintended outcomes of the system and their significance was done in the finding of the thesis, which helps to conclude that even the system had negative impact on some extreme situations, the general impact appeared positive.


A sensitive and accurate spectrofluorimetric method is described for the determination of phosphate in natural water using Rhodamine B as an ion-pair reagent. A Rhodamine B-molybdophosphate ion pair was floated as a membrane-like substance at the phase boundary between the aqueous phase and a diethyl ether phase. After the aqueous phase had been discarded, the excess of Rhodamine B extracted into the diethyl ether was removed by shaking with 25 ml of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The floated ion pair was dissolved by the addition of methanol to the diethyl ether phase. The determination of phosphate was performed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the organic phase at 573 nm with excitation at 554 nm. The calibration graph was linear up to 0.25 µg of phosphorus with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Although arsenic(V) caused a positive error, no ions commonly existing in natural water, including silicate, interfere with the determination of phosphate. The proposed method was applied to the determination of phosphate phosphorus in some natural water samples.


The results of an investigation are presented on the applicability of a microwave doppler shift technique for directly determining propellant response functions over the desired frequency range. The investigation consisted of three phases. In phase 1 the validity of the microwave technique was investigated by comparing measured pressure-coupled response function data to existing data from T-burner and rotating valve tests. In phase 2 a new microwave burner-pressure modulation system capable of achieving frequencies and mean chamber pressures of 1500 Hz and 10.5 MPa (1500 psia), respectively, was developed. Under phase 3 pressure-coupled response function measurements were carried out using the phase 2 system in order to define its frequency limit, response function resolution, and precision. The response function real component results were comparable to those obtained by the T-burner and rotating valve methods, although they were consistently on the high side. The present results also revealed a distinctive multimodal character which may be related to the propellant heterogeneity. Nomenclature / = frequency of pressure oscillations kp = microwave propagation constant in propellant m =mass burning rate per unit area of propellant surface n = regression rate pressure exponent P = pressure AP = peak-to-peak amplitude of oscillatory component of pressure


Ten South African potato cultivars, eight of which have recently been released, were evaluated over two seasons in a greenhouse for resistance to Verticillium dahliae. The cultivars Aviva, BP1, Bravo, Buffelspoort, Caren, Hoevelder and Ropedi were classified as susceptible to Verticillium wilt, whereas Calibra, Dawn and Devlin were rated as very susceptible. No resistance or tolerance was evident.


Numeric features of microRNA (miRNA) are different from the other RNAs and play a key role in the course of miRNA recognition. Are there significant differences about such numeric features between different species? Are there some species specific about it? In order to answer questions, we implemented the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for 32 species based on 132 numeric features of miRNAs. Results demonstrate that almost all kinds of miRNA secondary structures matching frequencies show highly similar, and this means that such secondary structure tend to be specific to miRNAs. Length of pre-miRNA, minimal free energy (MFE), and number of stacks show bigger difference between different species, and this means that such features tend to be species-specific. In order to discover differences and similarities among species based on numeric features of miRNAs, we design two tools-species difference map and feature difference map. By species difference map, we find that numeric features of miRNAs can represent class attribute of species and the map basically describe relationship between different species. By feature difference map, we find that there are huge difference about difference of every numeric feature between different species, and this means that strength of such difference is not uniform. Meantime, it means that numeric feature of miRNAs can represent different attributes of corresponding species. Our study present relationship between different species by brand new style-numeric features of miRNAs.


Mobile robots o er a typical example of a system with a nonholonomic constraint. Many control laws have been developed for stabilizing these systems. One of the main issues with these controllers is that they are usually based on kinematic relations only and do not include the dynamics. Moreover, additional factors like quantization, noise and delay may be present that make stabilization more diÆcult. Comparing the characteristics and the performance of these controllers using an experimental testbed is therefore of great interest. In this paper, we use a Khepera robot to perform these experiments and compare several controller proposed in the literature.


A mail survey was used to determine West Virginia's hardwood research technology priorities. This paper provides direction to researchers with interests in developing and promoting a sustainable and profitable wood products industry. Results from a survey of West Virginia's primary and secondary wood products manufacturers indicated that the top five hardwood utilization research needs were: 1) improved markets and marketing techniques for lower grade lumber; 2) new products and processing technologies to utilize lower grade logs and lumber; 3) new cutting technologies to reduce kerf and increase yields; 4) automated processing systems for hardwood logs and lumber; and 5) better utilization of by-products and waste. Highest rated hardwood forest management research needs were: 1) sustainability of the West Virginia forest resource; 2) long-term management/harvest systems for higher quality logs; 3) harvesting systems (impacts, productivity, and environmental effects); 4) regeneration of shade intolerant species; and 5) regulations.


Data Mining involves the extraction of new knowledge from large data sets. Despite the growing research interest in data mining, however, integrating this extra knowledge into the subsequent decision making processes has received little attention. Within the context of operations management, this integration can occur in two different ways: by providing inputs for an optimization procedure and by analyzing the output of an optimization procedure. In this dissertation, I will begin by introducing a database exploration technique, which is used to improve the drug discovery process of a pharmaceutical company (Samorani et al., 2011). The same procedure is also applied to a mental health clinic's database to predict whether patients will show up at their scheduled appointments. The knowledge obtained with this procedure is then used to improve patient scheduling procedures (Samorani and LaGanga, 2011). I will finally discuss how data mining can be used to learn useful information about the structure of a problem (Samorani and Laguna, 2012).


The United States is in the midst of a youth unemployment crisis that is having a negative impact on young adults' success in the workplace and depriving employers of a prepared workforce. A full 6.7 million American youth (ages 16–24), 17 percent of that age group, are neither in school nor working.1 At the same time as this population of "opportunity youth" struggles to enter the labor market, many employers are struggling to identify skilled workers for high-demand sectors.


Environmental concerns are driving scientists in a quest for more sustainable products and processes. In the development of bis-benzoxazines, a novel class of thermosetting resins, which are receiving considerable attention from academia and industry, bisphenol A (BPA) and toxic solvents are still drawbacks that need to be overcome. Renewable feedstocks, neoteric solvents, and energy-efficient heating sources are sophisticated alternative solutions to the current traditional methodologies. In the current study, an eco-friendly approach to a fully biobased thermosetting resin from lignocellulose-derived products is reported. Catechol and furfurylamine are successfully fused into bis-benzoxazines in only a few minutes under microwave irradiation in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) as solvent. The workup procedure requires minimum amounts of methanol for complete purification of the product in good yields, which is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning c...


Recording auditory evoked potentials is the similar as in the other evoked potentials. Participant sits comfortably in a chair, EEG data are collected by electrode cap on his head and he listens to stimuli presented binaurally through the in-ear headphones and distributed in the specific intervals, i.e. paradigm (Figure 1.). During stimulation, subject actively listens to stimuli or ignores them by watching the visual content. Young children, who sleep, and people in a state of coma also respond to stimulation, although they don't participate conscious in a study. EEG epochs are averaged after recording to obtain the required potentials.


In this paper we compare experimental and calculated thermophysical properties of two samples of rocket propellant RP-1 obtained from different batches of RP-1 that exhibit compositional variations. One sample is atypical, due to a high olefin content. The effect of the compositional variation is shown for several thermophysical properties such as density, sound speed, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the volatility (as expressed by the distillation curve). We also compare two different surrogate mixture models that were developed for each fuel sample. The greatest effects of this significant compositional variability are seen in the viscosity and the distillation curve.


Abidjan is the principal city of the West African Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. It is the gateway city to West Africa. In 2014, the population of the city was estimated at four million people. Over the next fifteen years, this is projected to rise to nearly seven and a half million people. This continuing growth has an associated projected strong economic growth. This paper addresses the challenges associated with the provision of equitable public transport services to address the needs of the growing population. Public transport currently in Abidjan is complex consisting of both formal transport in the form of public bus services and several forms of informal public transport. In order to understand the existing travel trends and especially the declining public transport proportion in Abidjan, a series of surveys were undertaken for the development of an analytical methodology. This included amongst others an interview survey of people at the household level and public transport opinion surveys. The methodology thus developed allowed an understanding of the impact of new proposed infrastructure. The introduction of new infrastructure in the form of a higher level of public transport and an enhanced regulatory format will enable the implementation of an environmentally friendly public transport with a growing market share.


Camel milk is becoming more popular worldwide, and this review aims to estimate the calorie count of camel milk and establish whether calorie value differs in camel milk among different species, countries, seasons and years of publication. The DerSimonian–Laird estimator was utilised to create fix and random‐effects meta‐analysis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis included 7236 camel milk samples, which were extracted from 75 studies. The random effects of camel milk calorie are 61 Kcal/100 mL, and our findings revealed that camel milk calorie values are varied by species, country and season; this variation is mainly related to discrepancies in energy‐containing macronutrients.


It is probable that future power transmission systems will contain more HVDC-VSC links (High Voltage Direct Current-Voltage Source Converter) leading to a growing complexity in the study of its problem and so do the transient stability problems which are yet to be determined. In this context, this paper presents an efficient method to resolve this problem. Its main objective consists of improving transient stability of the AC/DC (Alternating Current/ Direct Current) power system network using FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems). The overall performance of the FACTS was evaluated in an IEEE 14 bus test system by nonlinear simulations carried out using Matlab environment to check the performance of FACTS (TCSC, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor). The obtained results showed the effectiveness and robustness of FACTS in improving the transient stability of the systemt.


In Nice Work, David Lodge appropriates the model of the « condition-of-England novel » which he transposes into the 1980s. More than a mere transposition, Nice Work turns out to be an open rewriting of the Victorian novels quoted in epigraphs since the text, with its comical aspect and its auto-reflexive dimension, distances itself from realism. Far from being innocent, this rewriting considers critically the Thatcher era as well as contemporary literary theory and gives a discerning homage to Victorian novels.


Traditional western allopathic medicine operates on a disease-focused model. Identification of symptoms is important primarily for the clues they provide to an underlying disease process. If the underlying disease process can be correctly identified and successfully treated, the symptoms should resolve. While this model is logical and allows for great successes in the treatment of profound disease, the model can be less successful for the treatment of 'premorbid' symptomatology (symptoms that are occurring without an identifiable pathologic disease process) or for the treatment of symptoms that persist despite 'successful' treatment of a disease, or even symptoms caused by the treatment itself.


The melon culture is one of the Brazilian horticultural crops, due to its productive potential and socio-economic role. It is recommended for the State of Goiás and the Federal District for it is easy to plant and having need of zoning of climatic conditions and thus, being able to perform their sowing. The present work used the Sarazon program to perform the water balance of the melon crop, for the 2nd, 4th and 6th five-day sowing dates in August, September and October and in relation to the water reserves in the soil of 50 mm and 75 mm. The data were spatialized using the SPRING 4.3 program. It was observed that the producers are performing in practice what can be demonstrated in theory that the period October 16–20 is the most indicated for sowing in soils of 50 mm of water reserve and October 6–10 the beginning of sowing in soil of 75 mm of water reserve for the cultivation of melon and have adequate profitability.


The authors report the fabrication and characterization of a low temperature (200--400 C) thin film gas sensor constructed from a MOCVD-grown yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer sandwiched between two platinum thin film electrodes. A reproducible gas-sensing response is produced by applying a cyclic voltage which generates voltammograms with gas-specific current peaks and shapes. Growth conditions are optimized for preparing YSZ films having dense microstructures, low leakage currents, and maximum ion conductivities. In particular, the effect of growth temperature on film morphology and texture is discussed and related to the electrical and gas-sensing properties of the thin film sensor device.


There have been a number of results dealing with Hamiltonian properties in powers of graphs. In this paper we show that the square and the total graph of a K,,,-free graph are vertex pancyclic. We then discuss some of the relationships between connectivity and Hamiltonian properties in K,.3-free graphs.


Electronic health records have been adopted by many institutions and constitute an important source of biomedical information. Text mining methods can be applied to this type of information to automatically extract useful knowledge. We propose a crowd-sourcing pipeline to improve the precision of extraction and normalization of biomedical terms. Although crowd-sourcing has been applied in other fields, it has not been applied yet to the annotation of health records. We expect this pipeline to improve the precision of supervised machine learning classifiers, by letting the users suggest the boundaries of the terms, as well as the respective ontology concept. We intend to apply this pipeline to the recognition and normalization of disorder mentions (i.e., references to a disease or other health related conditions in a text) in electronic health records, as well as drug, gene and protein mentions.


RATIONALE
The very small mass difference between 41 K and 40 ArH+ makes the flat, hydride interference-free peak shoulders very narrow (0.002-0.003 m/z unit), bringing a number of analytical challenges when measuring K isotopic compositions by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). In traditional Sequence Run mode, the parameters are loaded every line of the sequence, thus might introduce tiny drifts of tune parameters and mass peaks. This may occasionally lead to the failure of K isotope measurement when mass drifts exceed 0.002 m/z unit. It is thus essential to keep the tune parameters, especially the magnet current, very stable to achieve high precision K isotopic compositions.

METHOD
We developed a "Continuous-Acquisition-Method" (CAM) MC-ICP-MS Run mode to improve the stability when determining K isotopes. Two sets of experiments were designed: a) Stability test: measuring a single pure K solution (viz. NIST-999c) for ~ 3 hours and comparing the stability of the two run modes; and b) GSB-K test: measuring our inhouse pure K standard solution (GSB-K) in both run modes and comparing the accuracy and precision.

RESULTS
The traditional Sequence Run mode only kept the MC-ICP-MS system stable for the first ~1.5 hours during the ~3 hours test, with an offset of the mass peaks of ~0.003 m/z unit. The CAM Run mode yield higher stability during the whole test (~3 hours), with a peak shift <0.0004 m/z unit. Measurement of GSB-K standard solution in Sequence Run and CAM Run modes gives identical δ41 K values the when magnet was kept stable, with the CAM Run mode offering a better precision and keeping the instrument stable for longer.

CONCLUSIONS
The MC-ICP-MS CAM run mode shows higher stability and better precision. It is, therefore, good for high precision K isotope measurements.


We have studied segregation in binary mixtures of different granular media subjected to rotation in horizontal tubes. Mixtures separate into bands of different relative concentrations arranged along the axis of the tubes. Axial modulations of the tube radius lock bands in space and induce segregation in otherwise nonsegregating mixtures of glass beads. The segregation results from an instability analogous to spinodal decomposition, and we present a model which describes this instability.


Highly textured (011)[100] Goss-oriented rolled sheet Fe-Al alloy is a promising magnetostrictive material for use in bending mode sensors and vibrational energy harvesters. In this paper, we performed magnetic field annealing (FA) to induce magnetic anisotropy in strips of highly textured Fe-Al. Prior work suggests FA as a viable alternative to stress annealing (SA), which leads to buckling of Fe-Al rolled sheet samples. The Fe-Al strips studied here exhibited tetragonal magnetostriction values ((3/2)λsat = λ∥ − λ⟂) of ∼136 ppm along their length, which corresponds to ∼78% of the single crystal value along a orientation. The effectiveness of FA on magnetic moment rotation was inferred by comparing post-FA magnetostriction measurements with the maximum possible yield, where λ∥= 0 and λ⟂= (3/2)λsat. Strain gauge data from the middle of the strip indicates that FA achieved ∼27% of the desired built-in uniaxial anisotropy along the parallel direction of the strip length, decreasing λ∥ by 25 ppm of the ...


Infrared absorption spectra of (La1-xBax)2CuO4-y; (x=0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06, 0.075, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) have been measured at room temperature between the energy region from 400 to 4000 cm-1. The phonon spectra have been found to change sensitively with the change in concentration. The spectral shape has been found to show good correspondence to the crystal structure. The absorption edge of some electrical transition has been clearly observed at all compositions. The energy gap corresponding to this absorption edge has been found to be almost independent of the concentration.


Cardiologists and most physicians believe that aging is an independent risk factor for human atherosclerosis, whereas atherosclerosis is thought to be a characteristic feature of aging in humans by many gerontologists. Because atherosclerosis is among the age-associated changes that almost always escape the influence of natural selection in humans, it might be reasonable to regard atherosclerosis as a feature of aging. Accordingly, when we investigate the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis, it may be more important to answer the question of how we age than what specifically promotes atherosclerosis. Recently, genetic analyses using various animal models have identified molecules that are crucial for aging. These include components of the DNA-repair system, the tumor suppressor pathway, the telomere maintenance system, the insulin/Akt pathway, and other metabolic pathways. Interestingly, most of the molecules that influence the phenotypic changes of aging also regulate cellular senescence, suggesting a ...


Theoretical analysis and experimental research on bipolar charging phenomena and electrostatic potential distribution in gas-solid fluidized beds were carried out.A formula for computing the charges on small particles was derived,and it was proposed that the sign of charge on particles is dependent on the type of transferable charge carriers residing on the surface of particles.If transferable charge carriers are electrons or negative ion,coarse particles charge positively,and small particles charge negatively.While charge carriers are positive ions,coarse particles charge negatively,and small particles charge positively.By measuring the electrostatic potential at different bed heights,electrostatic characteristics in PMMA gas-solid fluidized bed for five different kinds of polymer powder(LLDPE,HDPE,PP1,PP2 and PVC) were studied,and it was found that the electric field inside the bed is non-uniform.The axial profiles of potential are Z-shaped or S-shaped,and the voltage polarity will reverse near the interface between dense and dilute phases.Theory of particle bipolar charging was further validated through experimental results.


The Training and Development Scheme (TDS) is an affirmative action-based program located in the Greater Durban Area of Kwazulu-Natal. The program was conceived in 1992 to address the racial and gender disparities in the Durban Metropolitan Area. At the time the Scheme was introduced, the transition from an apartheid city council to a non-racial council had yet to take place, and the uneven racial and gender employment patterns were all too evident. The TDS would be one of the mechanisms to address the under-representation of Black (Indian, Colored, and African) employees in the management cadre of local and provincial government. The Training and Development Scheme has since evolved from a small affirmative action pilot project into a comprehensive human resource development program with additional objectives and partnerships. It is envisaged that at the end of the 1997–98 program, approximately 145 participants would have graduated from the Scheme. The participants would have been provided with education and training that complies with the requirements of the National Qualifications Framework and is dynamically linked to the broader institutional transformational issues of local and provincial government management. The Training and Development Scheme has since been upgraded and since 1998, has been offered as a Post-Graduate Diploma in Public Administration (Development Management) by the School of Public Policy and Development Management of the University of Durban-Westville.


. Some flavonoid compounds- based products were tested in order to evaluate the possible phytotoxic
and cytogenetic effects. The tests were done on Triticum aestivum L. (Dropia cultivar). We have analized the following
parameters: the germination percent, root and stem growth, fresh and dry weight of root and stem and fresh/dried mass
ratio respectively, ana- telophasis frequency from root meristem with chromosomal aberrations. These products includ
vegetal extracts of Medicago herba, Glycine semen and Trifolii rubri flos and other vegetal powders.


In order to improve the accuracy of filling missing data in water quality monitoring, an improved OCS-FCM (Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and Optimal Completion Strategy) method for filling missing data is proposed. The missing values of CODMn, DO, pH and TP measured by water quality monitoring stations in Hangzhou were filled in, and the comparative experiments were carried out in the case of single attribute and multiple attribute missing data set, as well as in the case of different missing rate. The results show that the improved OCS-FCM water quality monitoring missing data filling method with real-time updating membership matrix has better filling accuracy than the similar algorithm in the comparative experiment, especially in the case of high missing rate. In addition, the accuracy of filling missing values in multi-attribute datasets is significantly higher than that in single-attribute datasets. The improved OCS-FCM water quality monitoring missing data filling method has better filling effect to avoid large missing data rate and multi-attribute data sets.


TwiddleNet uses smartphones as personal servers to enable instant content capture and dissemination for first- responders. It supports the information sharing needs of first responders in the early stages of an emergency response operation. In TwiddleNet, content, once captured, is automatically tagged and disseminated using one of the several networking channels available in smartphones. TwiddleNet pays special attention to minimizing the equipment, network set-up time, and content capture and dissemination effort. It can support small teams of emergency responders in the first 48-72 hours of an emergency response by using smartphone-based infrastructure and scale up to handle a much larger number of users with a more robust backend.


Emergency department (ED) is considered as a complex system of interacting entities: patients, human resources, software and hardware systems, interfaces, and other systems. This paper represents a research for implementing a detailed Systems Engineering (SE) approach in a mid-size hospital in central Indiana. This methodology will be applied by "The Initiative for Product Lifecycle Innovation (IPLI)" institution at Indiana University to study and solve the crowding problem with the aim of increasing throughput of patients and enhance their treatment experience; therefore, the nature of crowding problem needs to be investigated with all other problems that leads to it. The presented SE methods are workflow analysis and systems modeling where SE tools such as Microsoft Visio are used to construct a group of system-level diagrams that demonstrate: patient's workflow, documentation and communication flow, data systems, human resources workflow and requirements, leadership involved, and integration between ER different systems. Finally, the ultimate goal will be managing the process through implementation of an executable model using commercialized software tools, which will identify bottlenecks, improve documentation flow, and help make the process faster. Keywords—Systems modeling, ED operation, workflow modeling, systems analysis.


Aim: To evaluate the changing trends in episiotomies in patients giving birth by normal vaginal deliveries over last forty years. Design: Retrospective observational study. Settings: The study was conducted in three allied hospitals attached with Rawalpindi Medical College between 1967 and 2007. Method: A total of 180,106 patients were entered in the study. The data was analyzed and outcome measured in terms of frequency of normal vaginal deliveries with and without episiotomies and the change in frequencies on ten yearly basis. Results: After exclusion of cases, where data on mode of delivery was missing or women were delivered by Caesarean section, forceps or vacuum or through assisted breech delivery, a total of 124,798 cases were available for analysis. Among these women, 70506 (56.5%) were delivered normally and 54292(43.5%) had episiotomy during delivery. When data was analyzed according to parity, it was found that in all the Nulliparous women, 20% delivered through normal vaginal delivery and 80% received episiotomy during delivery. Upon analysis the vaginal delivery and episiotomy on ten yearly basis, following trends were seen. During the first ten years (1967 to 1976), 5593 women were delivered vaginally. Among these, 4012 (71.73%) had normal vaginal delivery and 1581 (28.26%) had episiotomy during delivery. During the second ten years (1976 to 1986), a total of 16763 women were delivered normally. Out of these, 11539 (68.83%) had normal vaginal delivery and 5224 (31.16%) had episiotomy during delivery. In the third ten years (1986 to 1996), 33643 women were analyzed who had normal vaginal deliveries. Among this group, 20885 (62.07%) had normal vaginal delivery and 12758 (37.92%) had episiotomy. During the last ten years (1996 to 2007), 68799 women were analyzed who were delivered vaginally. Among this category, 34070 (49.52%) had normal vaginal delivery and 34729 (50.47%) had episiotomy during delivery. Conclusion: The episiotomy rate of 80% in primigravida cases is very high and above the international standards. The reasons for this very high rate need to be evaluated by another study. Majority of the deliveries are performed by junior doctors and it's the training problem which needs to be addressed.


The Cobb Seamount Chain in the northeast Pacific basin records the composition of the Cobb hot spot for the past 33 Myr, as the migrating Juan de Fuca Ridge approached and ultimately overran it ca. 0.5 Myr ago. In this first comprehensive geochemical study of the Cobb chain, major and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf isotopic ratios were measured for whole‐rock samples from throughout the chain, and He isotopes were acquired for olivine phenocrysts from one seamount. Trace element modeling indicates increased melting along the chain over time, with progressively more depleted lavas as the ridge approached the hot spot. The isotopic data reveal the first evidence of the high µ (µ = 238U/204Pb) (HIMU) mantle component in the north Pacific basin and are consistent with a progressively decreasing mixing proportion of HIMU melts relative to those from depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle (DMM) in the chain over time. Decreasing lithospheric thickness over the Cobb hot spot due to the approach of the migrating Juan de Fuca ridge allowed adiabatic melting to continue to shallower depths, leading to increased melt fractions of the refractory DMM component in the hot spot and more depleted and MORB‐like lavas in the younger Cobb seamounts.


Concentrated pineapple juice reconstituted to 12 °Brix was used to obtain three types of clarified juices by ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) systems with polysulfone and ceramic membranes. They were evaluated by physicochemical analysis, in comparison to the reconstituted juice control, as well as through the sensorial evaluation of the soft drinks obtained by them. The best volume recovery was observed with 50 000 Da polysulfone membranes. Best components recovery was obtained with the 0.22 μm ceramic membrane. The 50 000 Da polysulfone membrane presented better efficiency to remove tannins and pectin. Both membranes of 50,000 D cutoff presented the same performance to decrease turbidity. The 0.22 μm ceramic membrane presented the best overall performance. Clarified juice flow rate was highest in the juice obtained using the 0.22 μm ceramic membrane (52.02 L m-2 h-1). The three soft drinks formulated from the clarified pineapple juices presented no differences, at a significance level of 5%...


Since put into operation from 1996,Qinghai power grid dispatching automation system has exposed imperfection of software function and frequently occurring hardware fault,therefore it can not adapt to the requirement of power grid automation technology development,thus Qinghai Electric Power Corporation decided to establish a new generation of dispatching automation system which accord with current power grid development,that is operating control and security defense system of Qinghai power grid.The paper makes introduction on study and implemen for smooth transition scheme of Qinghai power grid dispatching old and new system,it ensures the smooth transition and power grid normal real-time monitoring for attendant during transition implement phase.


The concept of mentoring originated at least as long ago as early Greek civilization. In Greek mythology, when Odysseus left for the Trojan War, he placed Mentor in charge of his palace and, more important, the care and upbringing of his son Telemachus. Mentoring often involves multiple individuals; it is of interest that some scholars argue that Mentor was ineffective and that it was Athena, when she disguised herself as Mentor, who provided the guidance that Telemachus needed in times of crisis. The term "mentor" as a trusted counselor or guide has become not only a description but also a goal. The widespread use of the term gained traction with the 1699 publication of a book by Francis Fenelon, Les Aventures de Télémaque. The journey that we have followed in this series of career development articles in Circulation should have as its apogee the transition of trainees from mentees to mentors. Guidance for trainees on selecting a mentor has been given by Bettmann1 in his article, "Choosing a Research Project and Research Mentor."


The present invention provides a composition comprising: a polyester base polymer; an oxidizable polyether-based additive; a transition metal catalyst; a colorant; and a polyunsaturated fatty ester additives, wherein the polyester base polymer is substantially free of antimony and substantially free of phosphorous. Containers made from the composition are colored and exhibit excellent oxygen scavenging properties with no induction period.


The austenitic and martensitic pole figures for TiNi and CuZnAl shape memory alloys were measured by X ray texture goniometer, subsequently, the respective orientation distribution functions (ODF) were calculated. The ODF analysis showed that TiNi austenite has a weak {403}〈010〉 component and an α fiber texture; TiNi martensite has 6 main texture components; CuZnAl austenite is a sharp 〈110〉 fiber texture; CuZnAl martensite has 10 main texture components. The austenitic and martensitic textures are well connected to each other by following the lattice correspondence relationships between the austenite and martensite and the principles of martensite variant selection.


Improvement of data management about weather in Indonesia is very supportive of the need for weather information. Currently, the weather information that is disseminated to the public is only based on sensor location points that are spread across Indonesia. However, supporting data generated from these sensors is only limited to certain areas. We hence develop a database system that can help collect weather information automatically via Twitter. This facilitates the Indonesian people in knowing weather information based on the completeness of data from sensor data and Twitter. The steps from the database that are built will be very helpful in collecting data about the weather throughout Indonesia. The basic step that we use in our database are conceptual, logical and physical design. The information obtained in this study is very important for efficient and effective data collection to achieve real-time automation of weather information.


Centella capensis (L.) Domin and related species form a distinct but poorly known group within the genus. The most conspicuous diagnostic feature is the unique inflorescence structure. Each umbel comprises a central umbellule reduced to a single, sessile, functionally female flower and four lateral, functionally male, pedicellate umbellules each reduced to a single flower. The umbel is surrounded by four large, foliaceous bracts. Another unusual character is the habit. Most of the species are annuals or short-lived perennials, while all other species of the genus are perennial shrublets. A taxonomic revision of the four species and three varieties recognized, is presented.


The peak of smooth Fourier amplitude spectra, (FS(T))max, of strong motion acceleration recorded in California is modeled via dimensional analysis. In this model, the spectrum amplitudes are proportional to (1) – the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) amplitude of the peak stresses on the fault surface in the areas of high stress concentration (asperities), and (2) (log10 N)1/2, where N is the number of contributing (sampled) asperities. The results imply simple, one asperity, earthquake events for M  5, and multiple asperity events for M  5 (N ~ 10 near M = 7 and N ~ 100 for M ~ 8). The r.m.s. value of the peak stress drop on the fault, , appears to increase with magnitude for M  6, and then it levels off near 100 bars, for M  6. For M > 6, (FS(T))max continues to grow with magnitude, because of the larger number of asperities from which the sample is taken (N ~ 100 for M = 8), not because of increasing .


In this paper, we study a composite sourcing policy considering raw-material consumption so as to maximise the expected total profit while considering mixed strategy for sourcing policy with the lot-sizing issue for multiple products. It is proved that the optimal mixed strategy considering the consumption of raw materials has a property for strong local maximum. Using this property, we propose the economical sourcing policy while considering the relevant cost for raw material management. We analyse and illustrate the behaviours of economical sourcing policy by numerical examples. For future research, it is necessary to take into account both quality issue of supplied items with different production modes and scheduling issue between intermediate inputs and finished goods along supply chain stages.


This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling and electronic word of mouth variables on consumer satisfaction at the "Sego Njamoer" food company. The number of samples in this study is 91 respondents. They are all consumers of 'Sego Njamoer" who have bought Sego Njamoer products. The sampling is using purposive sampling technique. The technique used in this study is to collect data using a questionnaire. The data are analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the storytelling and electronic word of mouth variables have an influence on the variable customer satisfaction simultaneously. The results of this study indicate that electronic word of mouth is the most dominant variable affecting consumer satisfaction.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel storytelling dan electronic word of mouth terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada perusahaan makanan Sego Njamoer. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 91 responden. Mereka semua adalah konsumen Sego Njamoer yang pernah membeli produk Sego Njamoer. Pengambilang sampling menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel storytelling dan electronic word of mouth memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel kepuasan konsumen secara simultan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa electronic word of mouth merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh secara dominan terhadap kepuasan konsumen.Keywords: storytelling, electronic word of mouth, customer satisfaction


Breast cancer is a serious public health problem in several countries. Computer Aided Detection/Diagnosis systems have been used with relative success aiding health care professionals. The aim of the system is to accurately detecting the abnormal area in mammogram. This study concerns the development of a CAD system to detect malignant masses. We use the term "mass" for the group of malignant masses, architectural distortions, and focal asymmetries.CAD systems use a three-stage approach for classification of breast masses as malignant or benign. First, the preprocessing stage, image is segmented from the background tissue, Breast Tissue and the pectoral muscle. This work presents a methodology for masses detection on digitized mammograms using the K-means algorithm for image segmentation in the next stage of the CAD. masses and non-masses this is the final stage of CAD


Swart, W. J., and Botes, W.-M. 1995. First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio. Plant Dis. 79:1036-1038. Dieback of 3-year-old Pistacia vera L. trees, grafted onto P atlantica rootstocks, was observed in trial plantings in the Prieska district of South Africa during the spring of 1992. Close examination of diseased trees revealed the presence of cankers on the lower part of the stem in the vicinity of the graft. Isolations from the margins of diseased tissue onto malt-extract agar consistently yielded black fungal colonies and pycnidia bearing mature conidia identified as belonging to the Sphaeropsis anamorph of Botryosphaeria obtusa. The fungus was shown to be highly virulent to three Pistacia species in pathogenicity tests in the field. Branches, measuring 5 mm in diameter, of P atlantica, P vera and P integerrima developed mean cambial lesions measuring 53, 51, and 15 mm, respectively, 14 days after artificial inoculation with fungal mycelium. Wounding of branches prior to inoculation resulted in significantly larger cambial lesions. As far as we have been able to determine, there are no published reports of B. obtusa being associated with disease symptoms on cultivated pistachio trees.


It is well-known that the application of hog manure to land is an economical and environmentally sustainable method for the utilization of the nutrients and other components in the manure. Manure application can increase soil quality and productivity, at least in the short term, on most soils. However, soil quality and productivity can be severely reduced in the long-term unless precautions are taken with respect to the loadings and frequency of application of manures. Sustaining the hog industry, through good manure management, is one method to ensure the continued growth of the hog industry in the province.


ABSTRACT Using a complex of physical and electrochemical methods, the effect of R-substituent on the adsorption of 5-R-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles on copper surface in neutral buffer solution was studied. Minimum concentrations C min, which suppresses the first anodic peak of copper dissolution were found, and two different linear correlations of log C min values on induction constant σI were plotted: for compounds with electron-donor and electron-withdrawing ones. Using ellipsometry, free adsorption energies −ΔG 0 а,max were determined. It was shown that adsorption of triazoles with electron acceptor R, which have the highest σI, occurs at very low concentrations and −ΔG 0 а,max = 96.6 kJ mol−1 that is higher than for inhibitors of the same reaction series, but with electron-donor R (70 ÷ 85 kJ mol−1). In this case, monolayers are formed, whose thicknesses are close to molecule size. The formation of chemisorption bonds is confirmed using XPS by studying the composition of adsorption layers formed by 5-CF3-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the copper surface.


Reducing the power consumption of applications has become one of the key challenges in high‐performance computing. Recent processor architectures differentiate processor core frequency from its uncore frequency. As a consequence, in addition to tuning processor core frequency with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, power consumption can also be controlled through uncore frequency scaling. This article studies how the uncore frequency can be used as a leverage to improve power consumption. We propose duf, a daemon process that dynamically adapts the uncore frequency to reduce an application power consumption with a user‐defined limit on performance degradation. The evaluation of duf on three different architectures shows that with no performance degradation (<0.6%), duf can reduce socket power consumption by 7.94%. We also show that duf is able to reduce the total energy consumption by up to 18.20%.


The propagation of electromagnetic plane waves with negative phase velocity (NPV) is considered in Schwarzschild – (anti–)de Sitter spacetime. It is reported that: (i) NPV propagation occurs in Schwarzschild – de Sitter spacetime at lower values of the cosmological constant than is the case for de Sitter spacetime; (ii) NPV propagation is not observed in Schwarzschild – anti–de Sitter spacetime; and (iii) NPV propagation is not possible outside the event horizon of a Schwarzschild blackhole.


The method of rational ordering of work on the production line in the presence of equipment changeovers The problem of choosing a rational sequence of work in technological complexes with a consistent structure, widespread in various industries, is considered. The problem statement differs taking into account changeovers of the cars entering the line, at change of the performed works. A multicriteria model of the problem is proposed. The approach and specific methods of search of rational variants of ordering of works at their start on the line are offered. The approach is based on the use of the principles of systematic heuristics, which allow to generate a limited and manageable number of options, taking into account the production conditions, among which there are supposed to be rational (practically acceptable) options.


Dog-mediated human rabies can be eliminated through mass dog vaccination. Despite leading authorities in human and animal health uniting to advance effective and humane rabies control, some governments resort to lethal methods, which are unethical, often inhumane and ineffective. To end the inhumane culling of dogs in response to rabies, World Animal Protection launched 'Red Collar'; a five-year campaign (2011–2016) that worked with governments to promote the implementation of mass dog vaccination for rabies control. We present the findings from a qualitative evaluation of 'Red Collar', conducted both regionally and with national focus on Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Zanzibar, Tanzania. Through semi-structured interviews and written contributions from stakeholders (n = 54), we compared perceptions of changes with stated campaign goals to capture recommendations for future work. The campaign successfully generated momentum for implementation of mass dog vaccination by targeted governments. Lessons learned were established: Value of a consistent animal welfare 'voice'; the need to explore the motivations behind culling; the need to capacity build; time required for the 'ripple effect' to inspire humane control in other countries; importance of monitoring and evaluation of indicators; time and effort required for exit strategies and prior preparation for a robust response to culling.


This essay discusses about the scope of the deposits in the crime of concealing deposits abroad.For example,things like cars,real estate and gold abroad should be within the scope as well as concealed lawfully-earned income abroad.The subjects of the crime should not be confined to county-level and middle-level state functionaries or those of higher levels.An actor who has deposits abroad from corruption,bribe-taking or other crimes should be convicted of the crime of corruption or the bribery crime.Depositing the stolen goods abroad should be regarded as an ex post facto act of impunity,which should not be established as another crime.If an actor has deposits abroad from corruption,bribe-taking or other crimes,and the corruption amount exceeds the scope of corruption or the amount of the bribe is too huge,the crime of concealing deposits abroad should be established in addition.


The biodiversity of bryophytes in species,bryoflora and ecosystems in Shandong Province was introduced The suggestions for better conservation of biodiversity of bryophytes in Shandong Province were given