In this paper, we demonstrate the role of data balancing in experimental evaluation of emotion classification systems based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. ADASYN method was employed to create a balanced version of the DEAP EEG dataset. Experiments considered Support Vector Machine classifiers trained with HOC and PSD features to predict valence and arousal affective dimensions. Using signals from only four channels (Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F4) we obtained, after balancing, accuracies of 98% (valence) and 99% (arousal) for subject dependent experiments with three classes, and 85% (valence) and 87% (arousal) for two-class classification. However, accuracies for subject independent experiments were lower than the ones obtained using imbalanced datasets. We obtained accuracies of 52% (valence) and of 49% (arousal) for two classes, and accuracies of 36% (valence) and of 31% (arousal) for three classes. To explain the low accuracies in subject independent experiments, we present arguments and empirical evidence using correlations between the percentage of samples for each class and the accuracies obtained by approaches which did not use balanced datasets.


The article summarizes the experience of researching the architectural features of wooden recreation facilities in the Carpathian recreation region. Local and general trends in the development of recreational architecture are formulated. The negative and positive aspects of the development of the recreational industry within the Ukrainian Carpathian region are identified. The specific features of the architectural solutions of recreational facilities are formulated. When researching the genesis of architectural and planning decisions, it was discovered that this type of historical building, which was widespread in the region, was transformed into a public catering establishment. The development and complications of functional planning and volume solutions of modern cradles are shown on the example of specific samples. A comparative assessment of the changes and development of modern recreational architecture made of wood in the Carpathians was carried out. It was carried out on the basis of the periodization of the development of the Carpathian region already formed in the scientific literature. Features of recreational wooden architecture of each of the historical stages, including the modern period, are characterized.


Cognition of students who had taken part in the multimedia teaching class in some agro-forestry universities was analyzed based on the questionnaire forms.The results showed that the undergraduates were fond of and hold a great cognation of the multimedia teaching method.However,there were several questions in the designing and making of multimedia courseware as well as the process of the teaching organization.Thus,in future,the teacher should focus on improving the effect of the multimedia teaching,understanding multimedia teaching methods correctly,organizing the classroom teaching effectively,designing the multimedia courseware scientifically,and keeping on creating a perfect multimedia learning circumstance.In that way,multimedia teaching would display its best function and feature.


OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an educational intervention would improve depression assessment and appropriate referral. Secondary analyses tested whether referral led to depression improvement.


Abstract This article introduces the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the old Stockholm Observatory. It focuses on the Swedish astronomers Jöns Svanberg and Nils H. Selander, and on their work with the Struve Geodetic Arc. The particular relations to the Tartu Observatory through Oskar Backlund and the contemporary Swedish astronomers in Stockholm are traced.


Prior studies mostly investigated the relationship between the cognitive characteristics of individuals and their pro-environmentalism, addressing the need for green hotel operators to understand the different green purchase patterns of consumers. The problem is that, although consumers claim they are concerned about environmental issues, their purchasing behaviour does not translate, in practical terms, into actually booking green hotels. In other words, the connection between altruism, environmental knowledge and consumer visiting green hotel is fairly unexplored in the literature. This study aims to analyze the relationships of three types of altruism and two types of environmental knowledge with attitude and intention.,An integrated theoretical research model was used, based on the value–belief–norm theory of environmentalism. The collection of 248 questionnaires was followed by subsequent empirical testing of the proposed hypotheses, which was performed using SPSS and AMOS.,The resulting outcomes show a significant positive relationship between green purchase attitude and intention. Further, the biospheric, altruistic and collectivistic values, as well as subjective and objective knowledge were shown to positively influence attitude and intention towards green hotel selection, respectively.,Because of the chosen online sampling method, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.,This paper fulfils an identified need to study how visiting green hotel can be influenced by different types of altruism and environmental knowledge.


Appendices include information concerning TVA's 4/14/81 responses to ISE's second group of questions; ISE's 10/27/80 review of TVA's first responses and more questions; TVA's 8/15/80 response to ISE's first group of questions; ISE's 4/9/79 first group of questions to TVA; and WBNP 2/23/79 buckling stress criteria supplied by TVA.


In this study, we demonstrate that common extremely low frequency magnetic field (MF) exposure does not cause DNA breaks in this Salmonella test system. The data does, however, provide evidence that MF exposure induces protection from heat stress. Bacterial cultures were exposed to MF (14.6 mT 60 Hz field, cycled 5 min on, 10 min off for 4 h) and a temperature‐matched control. Double‐ and single‐stranded DNA breaks were assayed using a recombination event counter. After MF or control exposure they were grown on indicator plates from which recombination events can be quantified and the frequency of DNA strand breaks deduced. The effect of MF was also monitored using a recombination‐deficient mutant (recA). The results showed no significant increase in recombination events and strand breaks due to MF. Evidence of heat stress protection was determined using a cell viability assay that compared the survival rates of MF exposed and control cells after the administration of a 10 min 53 °C heat stress. The control cells exhibited nine times more cell mortality than the MF exposed cells. This Salmonella system provides many mutants and genetic tools for further investigation of this phenomenon. Bioelectromagnetics 27:445–450, 2006.© 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The frst part of the article provided an overview of the basic principles of the promising direction of modeling and analysing infocommunication networks and systems - Network Calculus theory. The second part of the article considers examples of practical application of Network Calculus theory to the analysis of infocommunication networks and systems. A qualitative comparison was given of trafc delays estimates in the queuing system obtained using the methods of queuing theory, network calculus theory and simulation, with delays in a real system. The results of using network calculus to assess the boundary characteristics of the service trafc quality in the most promising infocommunication networks are presented. The features of the use of deterministic network calculus for estimating end-to-end delays in sensor networks and the upper queues boundaries in the bufers of the controller and switches of software-defined networking are described. Application of the theory of stochastic network calculus to obtain boundary estimates of end-to-end delays in LTE mobile networks for trafc fows of real and unreal time is shown.


Objectives: The association between exposure to asbestos and damage to health has long been recognized, but currently the ban of asbestos is not extended globally. The report illustrates the world situation and related issues. Methodology: Through an analysis of the bibliography, we extrapolated data useful for providing an exhaustive idea of the distribution of the use of asbestos and for the legislation. Results: There is a gap between countries that have adhered to the asbestos ban and countries that still use it. The focus shifts to the latter, where the peak of maximum incidence of pathologies asbestos-related will occur in the coming decades.  Conclusions: Although legislative efforts have been made to stem this epidemiological disaster, they are insufficient in most countries.


This practical guidebook is designed to help practitioners use proven techniques of structured learning to teach essential social skills that will help their clients function more effectively and independently at home, at work and in group settings. 27 specific topics are covered in detail and a transcript of an actual meeting is included.


Objective: to assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in newborn infants in South Gujarat region of India.Design & Settings: Cross sectional study, conducted at maternity unit of New Civil Hospital, Surat.Participants: Present study was conducted among 480 women, who have delivered at the New Civil Hospital, Surat during July, 2008 to September, 2008. Subjects were selected consecutively until the desired sample size was attained. Various socio-demographic variables, obstetric & health service related factors, and breastfeeding initiation & difficulties were assessed for any influence on exclusive breastfeeding by univariate & logistic regression analyses.Results: Among 480 infants, 85% newborns have received only exclusive breast milk. Remaining 15% newborn infants have received either formula milk (8.5%), or water (2.5%) or honey


Metatropic dysplasia (MD-OMIM: 156530 and 250600) is a rare chondrodysplasia first described as a distinct entity by Maroteaux et al. [1966]. This disorder is characterized by short limbs with limitation, enlargement of joints, and usually severe kyphoscoliosis. X-ray manifestations include severe platyspondyly, severe metaphyseal enlargement, and shortening of long bones. The term ''metatropos'' means changing patterns inGreek and emphasizes the evolutive changes in the body proportions of patients with MD. In 1993, Beck et al. proposed a classification, based on radiological anomalies, and threedifferent typeswere defined: a lethal autosomal recessive form, an autosomal recessive non-lethal form, and a non-lethal autosomal dominant form with less severe X-ray manifestations and better clinical outcome. To date, 67 patients presenting with MD have been reported including 14 lethal cases and53 livingpatients [Beck et al., 1983;Belik et al., 1985; Boden et al., 1987; Shohat et al., 1989; Kozlowski et al., 1988; Manouvrier-Hanu et al., 1995; O'Sullivan et al., 1998]. However, no data was available regarding the natural history ofMDpatients except that prognosis in themajority of patients was mainly related to the severity of the kyphoscoliosis. Here, we report the clinical and radiological follow-up of one of the sporadic original cases described by Maroteaux et al., from 15 days to 30 years of age. He was the third child out of three born from healthy young andunrelatedCaucasianparents.Hewasbornat termafter an uneventful pregnancy. Parental ages at time of delivery were not recorded. Measurements at birth were 3,350 g for weight (mean), 52 cm for length (þ1 SD), and OFC unknown. He was first seen in the Department of genetics at the age of 15 days. Kyphoscoliosis was present at birth. The thorax was long and narrow, limbs were short, and a profound sacrococcygeal dimple was observed. He also had joint limitations, improving with physical therapy. The severity of the kyphoscoliosis needed the use of permanent surgical corset. He sat at 10months of age and walked alone at 2 years of age. No mental retardation was noted. He needed surgery for inguinal hernia at 31⁄2 of age. At 61⁄2 of age, thoracic vertebrae arthrodesis was performed because of the severity of the kyphoscoliosis. Medullar compression due to a vertebral cervical subluxation secondary to an odontoid hypoplasia was observed at 17 years of age. There was no history of recurrent hearing infection but neurosensorial hearing loss leading to hearing prosthesis was detected at 22 years of age. The growth curve of height was atmean until 2 years of age but decreased progressively at 6 SD at 6 years of age. Final height was 145.5 cm ( 5 SD) at 30 years of age. Heworked as bookkeeper after normal regular school. Skeletal X-ray survey showed at 15 days of age very short diaphyses with wide ''mushrooming shape'' metaphyses leading to the classical dumbbell aspect (Fig. 1). Narrow iliac notches anddelayed ossification of ischio-pubic boneswere also observed. Kyphoscoliosis was present since birth as well as severe platyspondyly with very thin, ''wafer'' and dense vertebral bodies (Fig. 2). At 3 years of age, improvement of the shortness with a relative growth of long bones was observed (Fig. 1). Iliac notches were narrower than observed at 15 days of age (Fig. 1). The size of vertebral bodies improved but an increase severity of the kyphoscoliosis was observed at 3 and 15 years of age (Fig. 2). Here, we report on the long-term follow-up of a patient with MD from 15 days to 30 years of age, and observed the classical evolution with long trunk and short limbs at birth and short trunk and relative long limbs at the adult stage. To date, only 3MD adult patients (ranging in age from 17 to 47) have been described in the literature, with a final height ranging from 110 to 120 cm [Maroteaux et al., 1966; Beck et al., 1983; Kozlowski et al., 1988]. The height prognosis of MD patients is largely due to the severity of the scoliosis. Final height observed in our patient is higher than described in the literature. We think that the careful management of scoliosis may be responsible for the higher final height observed in our patient.


To analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with methotrexate (MTX)‐associated large B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX–BLPD).


Risk-based in-service inspection enhances structural integrity and minimizes the number of potential unwanted incidents in relation to offshore concrete wind turbine structures. Risk-based in-service inspection enables in-situ inspections, evaluation of inspection results, condition assessment of the offshore wind turbine structures and recommends optimal future inspections. The vagueness, uncertainties and variability present in the risk-based in-service planning process jeopardizes the final inspection recommendations and structural integrity of the structure under consideration. Hence, it is vital to develop methodologies for the systematic utilization of expert knowledge to minimize variability in risk-based in-service assessments. This manuscript suggests a fuzzy set theory-based approach to minimize the risk assessments' variability and unwanted activities. The suggested fuzzy set theory-based approach enables the identification of the potential hot points that encompass high-risk regions needing priority in future inspections with optimal effort and higher productivity. This manuscript also discusses the use of available inspection methods to enhance the structural integrity of offshore concrete wind turbines subject to deterioration, as well as the use of fuzzy theory-based risk-based in-service inspection assessments for making optimal in-service inspection recommendations.


complex (MHC). MHC genes are highly genetically diverse, among the most diverse in the human genome, and this diversity influences disease susceptibility and resistance. There is little doubt that the ongoing evolutionary battle against pathogens has shaped the evolution of these genes. In contrast, the suggestion that MHC genes are involved in vertebrate mate choice and reproduction, specifically in the context of sexual selection, has been met with much skepticism despite burgeoning evidence in its support. The newly emerging idea of neural-immune integration addresses issues at the heart of this skepticism because it provides a mechanism for the production and detection of MHC-based olfactory cues that would be an essential basis of MHC-based sexual selection. In this chapter, we review the empirical evidence and evolutionary theory underlying current ideas about the importance of natural and sexual selection in the evolution of MHC genes, and we discuss the possible adaptive and non-adaptive consequences of this selective scenario. Only by examining MHC biology in an evolutionary perspective can we truly appreciate the far-ranging non-immune functions of these unique genes, including their underappreciated role in vertebrate olfactory communication, mate choice, and reproduction.


Wake distribution data of stem flow fields have been accumulated systematically by model tests. If the correlation between geometrical hull information and wake distribution is grasped through the accumulated data, this correlation can be helpful to designing similar ships. In this paper, Neuro-Fuzzy system that is emerging as a new knowledge over a wide range of fields nowadays is tried to estimate the wake distribution on the propeller plan. Neuro-Fuzzy system is well known as one of prospective and representative analysis method for prediction, classification, diagnosis of real complicated world problem, and it is widely applied even in the engineering fields. For this study three-dimensional stern hull forms and nominal wake values from a model test ate structured as processing elements of input and output layer, respectively. The proposed method is proved as an useful technique in ship design by comparing measured wake distribution with predicted wake distribution.


The properties of the collection of complements of @-closures of sets in a topological space are investigated in %his paper. A strong continuity condition is defined in terms of these sets. Some applications to H-closed spaces and Katetov spaces are given.


This article describes the prototype target and the requirements for the target mechanism needed to provide a beam of muons to the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) from the ISIS accelerator at RAL. The mechanism has achieved the required 85g acceleration to be able to insert the target into the ISIS beam during the last 2 ms of the accelerating period. A prototype target test was used to integrate the target into ISIS and to measure the ISIS beam envelope, particle yields and beam loss, showing good agreement between data and simulations.


"Ye shall know the Truth, and the Truth shall set you free." That inspirational line from the Gospel according to Saint John 1 is set into the polished marble floor of the entrance to Central Intel...


7554 Background: In the clinical trial setting, rituximab maintenance (RM) improved survival of older adults with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) compared to maintenance interferon following RCHOP. However, given the considerable shift away from the use of RCHOP for MCL, real-world effectiveness of RM is now uncertain for MCL in older adults. We used SEER-Medicare, a large population-based data set, to evaluate MCL treatment patterns and assess effectiveness of RM following standard chemoimmunotherapy in older patients. Methods: We selected adults ≥66 years old, diagnosed with MCL 2007-2017, with continuous Medicare A/B/D coverage, who received MCL therapy. We captured 1st and 2nd line regimens, defining RM as rituximab (R) given as a single agent after R-based multi-agent induction regimen, with treatment gap ≤200 days (d) prior, for ≥2 consecutive doses and lasting ≥ 28d. We examined the benefits of RM in patients who received bendamustine-R (BR) or RCHOP as 1st line with no consolidative stem cell transplant (SCT). We limited our control group to those who survived ≥ 200d (if no 2nd line given) or had a gap ≥ 200d between completion of induction and initiation of 2nd line treatment to reduce potential immortal time bias. We used propensity score matching (PSM) based on age, sex, race, marital status, Medicaid dual coverage, residence, poverty, frailty, comorbidities, year of diagnosis, extranodal disease, stage, 1st line regimen, and duration of 1st line therapy. We used Cox regression model to compare all-cause mortality (AM) and reported hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We conducted competing risk analysis for mortality from MCL (MFM; competing event [CE]: non-lymphoma mortality [NLM]) and initiation of 2nd line therapy (CE: AM), respectively, reporting sub-HR (sHR). Results: Of 1579 older adults treated for MCL, BR (37%) and RCHOP (17%) were the most common 1st line regimens. Among those receiving BR/RCHOP, 44% received RM. Only 3% received SCT. Use of RCHOP decreased substantially over time (2007: 31%, 2017: 5%, P for time trend<0.001), with an increase for BR (2007:1%, 2017: 41%, P<0.001). We included 386 patients who received either RCHOP (83) or BR (303) (post-PSM; median age: 75, 67% men, 95% White) to examine effectiveness of RM, and all covariates were well balanced. Compared to patients not receiving RM, AM (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.84), MFM (sHR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81) and initiation of 2nd line therapy (sHR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.82) were all significantly lower in patients receiving RM. NLM was similar between RM and non-RM groups, suggesting that PSM worked well. Conclusions: Our population-based real-world analyses showed significant benefits of RM in survival and disease control among older patients with MCL who did not receive SCT, despite the shift from RCHOP to BR as 1st line induction regimen.


The goals of this paper are to describe the assembly of a simple Raman spectrometer that uses a nitrogen laser and other commonly available or easily purchasable components and to discuss the ways that this instrument can be used to enhance the educational experience in undergraduate physical and analytical chemistry laboratories.


We formulate a generalization of a `refined class number formula' of Darmon. Our conjecture deals with Stickelberger-type elements formed from generalized Stark units, and has two parts: the `order of vanishing' and the `leading term'. Using the theory of Kolyvagin systems we prove a large part of this conjecture when the order of vanishing of the corresponding complex $L$-function is $1$.


Besides, the corporate level governance factors and country level governance factors there is another crucial factor that affect the earnings manipulation practices, is country level Financial Development. Financial development would likely act to discipline managers, thereby minimizing their engagement in EM, therefore an effective financial development system helps to reduce the EM practices. Hence the main purpose of this research work is to investigate the impact of Financial development on accruals based earnings management by using panel data analysis taking sample of 257 non-financial firms listed in Pakistan stock exchange for the period of 2012 to 2019 through Fixed effect model.The results disclose that the financial development system of Pakistan negatively and significantly influence the EM activities of registered firm's in Pakistan stock exchange. Hence, conclude that the strong financial system is effectively restrain the EM activities.The overall results are consistent with earlier literature that the advance FD enhance the controlling and analyzing of accounting informationby reducing the interference of management in the procedure of accounting accruals. Keywords: Earnings Management, Financial Development, Financial Development Index.


A great part of the medical wax moulages produced in the beginning of the last century depicts the various clinical signs of syphilis. Based on the study of a large Greek moulage collection, the different stages of syphilis are described. Moulages may still have the original scope as teaching objects, presenting clinical manifestations seldom seen to day and thus more likely of being overseen by the clinicians.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention discloses the high-resolution image data. This process includes the step whereat radiation source is controlled by the controller for modulation of emitted radiation between high and low flow during different integration period at one scanning. Besides, in compliance with this process, high-resolution images are constructed on the basis of high-resolution projection data obtained with insufficient quantisation step during high flow and incomplete low-resolution projection data obtained during low flow. EFFECT: decreased radiation dose at scanning by computer tomography. 13 cl, 12 dwg


Abstract I report on the social and breeding biology of four bee-eater species in Thailand. Little Green Bee-eaters (Merops orientalis) breed cooperatively in clusters of overlapping territories. Cooperative breeding units have one to two helpers that join the breeding pair only after incubation has begun. Nests rarely are left unguarded due to threats of predation and possible intraspecific brood parasitism. Males also guard their mates against extrapair copulations. The Blue-tailed Bee-eater (M. philippinus) breeds cooperatively and has a complex social system, with evidence suggestive of intraspecific brood parasitism and extrapair copulation. I provide evidence that the Bay-headed Bee-eater (M. leschenaulti) breeds cooperatively and report observations of noncooperative breeding at one nest in the Blue-bearded Bee-eater (Nyctyornis athertoni).


Levodopa and carbidopa are reported to be degraded by magnesium oxide (MgO), which is often used as a laxative for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ascorbic acid (AsA) can stabilize levodopa and carbidopa solutions; however, the effect of AsA on the degradation of levodopa and carbidopa induced by MgO has not been fully investigated.


From the Publisher:
This powerful book/CD-ROM package is for C and C++ programmers who would like to quickly learn how to build full-scale applications in Java and JavaScript. Revised and expanded from its bestselling predecessor, Java for C and C++ Programmers, it features the same rapid skill-building format that allows you to produce simple Java programs within an hour, and more complex ones within a few days, by building on C and C++ concepts you already know.[You will quickly become familiar with all Java and JavaScript features, including all the major new APIs that you need to create full-scale business applications. Through a series of progressively more complicated working applications, this guide schools you in basic and advanced techniques for building full-blown appplications using Java Foundation Classes, JavaBeans, JDBC, NMI, and RMI. It also covers Java through JDK 1.2, shows how to link Java applets with JavaScript, teaches how to integrate Java with ActiveX, and demonstrates how to integrate video using the Java Media Framework.


Dear Editor, Dematiaceous fungi are a heterogeneous group of fungi that remain an uncommon cause of infection in humans. However, in recent years, dematiaceous fungi have become increasingly recognized as significant human pathogens in a wide variety of clinical syndromes. Though Cladophialophora is a genus of black yeast-like fungi that are frequently encountered in human infections, ranging from mild cutaneous lesions to fatal encephalitis, Cladophialophora boppii is not commonly encountered in human infections. C. boppii has been isolated


In this paper the radioresistance of human erythrocytes to radiation‐induced haemolysis was studied by means of the split‐dose technique. Human erythrocytes suspended in an isotonic Na‐phosphatase buffer, pH7.4 were exposed under air to gamma radiation. Erythrocytes were irradiated with a single dose of 2.7kGy and with the same total dose split into two fractions with an interval between the subsequent exposures. It seems that postradiation processes initiated by the first radiation dose of definite magnitude can lead to an increase in the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolysis under the influence of subsequent dose. The maximal effect of the fractionation (50% decrease of haemolysis) was observed when the first fraction was equal to 0.3–0.4kGy and the interval between exposures was equal to 3h.


Reliable seasonal prediction of groundwater levels is not always possible when the quality and the amount of available on-site groundwater data are limited. In the present work, a hybrid K-Nearest Neighbor-Random Forest (KNN-RF) is used for the prediction of variations in groundwater levels (L) of an aquifer with the groundwater relatively close to the surface (<10 m) is proposed. First, the time-series smoothing methods are applied to improve the quality of groundwater data. Then, the ensemble K-Nearest Neighbor-Random Forest (KNN-RF) model is treated using hydro-climatic data for the prediction of variations in the levels of the groundwater tables up to three months ahead. Climatic and groundwater data collected from eastern Rwanda were used for validation of the model on a rolling window basis. Potential predictors were: the observed daily mean temperature (T), precipitation (P), and daily maximum solar radiation (S). Previous day's precipitation P (t − 1), solar radiation S (t), temperature T (t), and groundwater level L (t) showed the highest variation in the fluctuations of the groundwater tables. The KNN-RF model presents its results in an intelligible manner. Experimental results have confirmed the high performance of the proposed model in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliffe (NSE), and coefficient of determination (R2).


lntroduction: The Implications of the Tensed and Tenseless Theories of Time. Part 1 Time and Tensed Sentences: Introduction - The Old and New Tenseless Theories of Time, Quentin Smith The Need for Tense, D.H. Mellor Problems with the New Tenseless Theory of Time, Quentin Smith A Defence of the New Tenseless Theory of Time, Nathan Oaklander The Truth Conditions of Tensed Sentences, Quentin Smith The New Tenseless Theory of Time - A Reply to Smith, Nathan Oaklander Smart and Mellor's New Tenseless Theory of Time - A Reply to Oaklander, Quentin Smith Temporal Indexicals and the Passage of Time, Michelle Beer The Co-Reporting Theory of Tensed and Tenseless Sentences, Quentin Smith The Date Analysis of Tensed Sentences, Clifford Williams Williams's Defence of the New Tenseless Theory of Time, Quentin Smith Demonstratives, David Kaplan Temporal Indexicals, Quentin Smith. Part 2 McTaggart's Paradox and the Passage of Time: Introduction - McTaggart's Paradox and the Tensed Theory of Time, Nathan Oaklander The Unreality of Tense, D.H. Mellor Mellor and McTaggart's Paradox, Quentin Smith The Infinite Regress of Temporal Attributions, Quentin Smith McTaggart's Paradox and the Infinite Regress of Temporal Attributions - A Reply to Smith, Nathan Oaklander The Logical Structure of the Debate about McTaggart's Paradox, Quentin Smith McTaggart's Paradox Revisited, Nathan Oaklander Temporal Beginning, George Schlesinger McTaggart, Schlesinger, and the Two-Dimensional Time Hypothesis, Nathan Oaklander How to Navigate the River of Time, George Schlesinger A Reply to Schlesinger, Nathan Oaklander Temporal Becoming Minus the Moving Now, David Zeilicovici Zeilicovici on Temporal Becoming, Nathan Oaklander The Stream of Time, George Schlesinger. Part 3 Time and Experience: Introduction - The Problem of our Experience of Time, Nathan Oaklander "Thank Goodness That's Over", D.H. Mellor Mellor's Emeritus Headache, Murray MacBeath MacBeath's Soluble Aspirin, D.H. Mellor "Thank Goodness That's Over" Revisited, B.J. Garrett Not Over Yet - Prior's "Thank Goodness" Argument, D.K. Lewis "Thank Goodness It's Over", Nathan Oaklander Passage and the Presence of Experience, H. Scott Hestevold On the Experience of Tenseless Time, Nathan Oaklander The Phenomenology of A-Time, Quentin Smith The Phenomenology of B-Time, Clifford Williams.


In the light of the present condition that was using single plugging and acidizing technique for the improvement profile can't satisfy the demand of the interlayer interference turning worse gradually,proposed out the comprehensive plugging and acidizing technology used for improving profile.The technique solves the hydroscopicity of the low pressure and high permeability water accepting layer by using profile control,and also solves the hydroscopicity of high pressure and low permeability water accepting layer.Through the common function of two techniques,the interlayer cracking pressure was limited exceedingly,the aim of improving the even degree of injectivity profile is attained. According to the technique's features ,the acid-proof blocking agent and compound blacking remover were developed,a corresponding well selection measure and construction technique are optimized too.2001~2002 years,the technique was applied 46 wells ,the average single well's thickness of water accepting layer increased 3.4 meters and 1.4 beds,total increased oil was 10519 ton,the input-output ration was 1∶3.5. The technology increased obviously the measure's effect and benefit.


Purpose: Purpose: This research paper has been carried out with the aim to investigate the challenges faced by the Indian aviation industry in this scenario where almost every airline company is facing losses.Complexities in the Indian aviation market have made the situation even more cumbersome with external factors further hampering the situation.So, it becomes necessary to identify those challenges and find counter's measures for them to ensure sustainability and growth in the global market.


This paper discussed China's exchange regime choice and reform route under the condition of appreciation pressure. The RMB's appreciation pressure originate from the trade status of China as "World Factory" in economy internationalization and the domestic saving ratio differences between China and its trade partner; the solution for international trade friction required the cooperation of foreign trade policy and exchange regime reform. The anticipation of RMB attracted capital inflow and induced serious issues of liquidity surplus,inflation pressure and assets price bubble. In short term,RMB appreciation range should be kept in line with the inflation differential to restrain capital inflow,and in the long run,constraint foreign exchange settlement policy should be changed to improve RMB's exchange rate forming mechanism.


"Human migration" denotes any movement by humans from one locality to another (migration), often over long distances or in large groups. Humans are known to have migrated extensively throughout history and prehistory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration_% 28human%29). Although human migration has existed throughout human history, immigration in the modern sense refers to movement of people from one nation-state to another. Immigration implies long-term permanent residence (and often eventual citizenship) by the immigrants: Tourists and short-term visitors are not considered immigrants (see expatriates). However, seasonal labor migration (typically for periods of less than a year) is often treated as a form of immigration. The global volume of immigration is high in absolute terms but low in relative terms. The United Nations estimated 190 million international migrants in 2005—about 3% of the global population. The other 97% still live in the state in which they were born, or successor state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrant). A nation-state is a specific form of state, which exists to provide a sovereign territory for a particular nation, and which derives its legitimacy from that function. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term nation-state implies that they geographically coincide, and this distinguishes the nation-state from the other types of state that historically preceded it. If successfully implemented, this implies that the citizens share a common language, culture, and values—which was not the case in many historical states (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation-state) The above definitions provide an orientation to the article in this issue by Mark Guiberson, Karen Barrett, Elizabeth Jancosek, and Christine Yoshinaga Itano. These authors state that "more than 2 million preschool-age children of Hispanic/Latino descent reside in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005)" and that in national surveys of speech–language pathologists, the majority of respondents have expressed a lack of confidence and training in working with linguistically diverse populations. The title of the article refers to "immigrants" as the target population. This term is used so commonly that I wondered if it has the same meaning for all our readers. I questioned whether (a) the term applied to groups of individuals who might be transient or seasonal workers, or those children living temporarily in the United States while their parents worked or were in school here only temporarily, and (b) it is appropriately used as a referent to the second and third generations. It seemed appropriate to consult Wikipedia as the source most likely to provide both authoritative and vernacular definitions. As happens with Web browsing, I found myself mining this source for a lexicon of terms related to this topic and the sociocultural history of global migratory patterns. I would encourage readers to take a similar tour, as it is an insightful journey. One of the concepts that intrigued me was the notion of a nation-state and whether such a unity of people exists, or could exist, in the United States today. The "ideal" nation-state was defined as one in which no immigrants exist and all the members of that state remain constant, sharing one language among only the residents of that particular nationstate. As I learned, the closest society to such a pure form exists only in Iceland, and even there it is not fully realized. Perhaps such cultures existed in early Native American tribes or for indigenous people in other countries, but even before our modern global society of mobile, interdependent populations emerged, anthropological history records very few such isolated societies, because human migration has long been recorded. We are a nation of people who historically have embraced diversity and welcomed immigration. The United States has never sought to achieve the singular culture of Letter From the Editor


This article considers genesis of the «business activity» concept. Notion associated with the concept of «business activity» is a category of «enterprise» and «business». The questions concerning business activity are the subject for the research in different spheres of science, including philosophy, economics, psychology, pedagogics. This sphere of science includes wide variety of basic notions. Today there is no general un-derstanding of these notions in science literature


We are investigating diode pumped alkali lasers (DPAL) as a potential high-energy laser source. A 10-W class cesium DPAL has been developed. Since DPAL involves problems such as chemical reactions and thermodynamics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is necessary for precise modeling. We have developed a numerical simulation of cesium DPAL by combining a wave-optics optical resonator simulation code and a simplified CFD code. The consistency between simulation results and experimental results are satisfactory. An idea of the scalable pump beam arrangement for DPAL is discussed with the aid of the simulation.


Layer-selective writing of two layer bit patterned media is demonstrated by performing micromagnetic finite element simulations. Selectivity is achieved by controlling the frequency of an oscillating magnetic field in the gigahertz range, applied in addition to the head field. Generation of the microwave field by means of a wire next to the tip of a single pole head is proposed. The Oersted field from the alternating current induces magnetic oscillations in the pole tip which create a high frequency field that is superimposed to the perpendicular write field. The amplitude of the ac field component is in the order of 0.1 T.


Hybrid air/liquid cooling systems used in data centers enable localized, on-demand cooling, or "smart cooling" using various approaches such as rear door heat exchangers, overhead cooling systems and in row cooling systems. These systems offer the potential to achieve higher energy efficiency by providing local cooling only when it is needed, thereby reducing the overprovisioning that is endemic to traditional systems. At the heart of all hybrid cooling systems is an air to liquid cross flow heat exchanger which regulates the amount of cooling that the system provides by modulating the liquid or air flows or temperatures. Understanding the transient response of the heat exchanger is crucial for the precise control of the system. The aim of this work is the development of a rear door heat exchanger compact model using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The transient behavior of the heat exchanger is studied using a Finite Difference (FD) model. Different temperatures perturbations are introduced in the heat exchanger model to study its transient response. The finite different results are then used to train an ANN compact model. Both models are compared in terms of accuracy and computational resources.


The article analyzes urtexts interpreted as quasi-scores for the keyboards as a phenomenon of the Baroque time. The author views Domenico Scarlatti's oeuvre for the keyboards in the context of the ensemble music-making traditions during the 17th and 18th centuries. The possibilities of developing today's performing art, granted by explications of the Baroque-time works for the keyboards into ensemble scores, are surveyed. The article contains paintings of the 17th and 18th centuries illustrating scenes of the ensemble music-making by the manuscripts for the keyboards. Keywords : Domenico Scarlatti's urtexts as quasi-scores for today's ensemble performers on the keyboards, the Baroque-time music for the keyboards, sonata, the 17th-century ensemble musicmaking, scenes of music-making on the Baroque-time paintings


This paper examines Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and knowledge flows, using international patent data. The result is a measure of technology that isolates sources of innovation and their contributions to domestic TFP. Within-industry innovation enhances domestic productivity, and domestic betweenindustry innovations are productivity enhancing. However, foreign-sourced between-industry innovation has a negative effect on domestic productivity. This highlights the dual aspect of patents as a measure of innovation. However, when controlling for domestic market structure, foreign-owned firm employment, or imports, foreign-sourced knowledge flows have potentially positive effects on domestic TFP. Overall results are sensitive to sectors and country of origin. JEL Classification: F19, O3, O4


Cloth designed to be provided with at least one permanent fold, whereby at least one shrink thread (4) is woven in said cloth (1), characterized in that the shrink thread (4) or shrink threads are woven into the fabric (1) according a general direction extending transversely to the folding zone (5).


A rapid, sensitive and specific RP-HPLC [1-5] metho d involving UV detection was developed and validated for determination and quant ification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine. Chromatography was carried out on a pre-packed Alti maC18 5μ (150*4.6mm) column using filtered and degassed mixture of Ammonium acetate b uffer:Methanol (80:20) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and effluent was monitored at 270nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accurac y, and specificity, limit of quantification and limit of detection. The assay was linear over the concentration range of Lamivudine and Zidovudine was 37.5mcg-112.5mcg/ml and 75mcg to 225 mcg/ml respectively. Accuracy of the method was determined through recovery studies by adding known quantities of standard drug to the pre analyzed test solution and was foun d to be 98.50%-99.9% and 98.30%100.10% within precision RSD of 0.71 and 0.82 for L amivudine and Zidovudine respectively. The system suitability parameters su ch as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be 3189.33, 1.12 and 7852.83, 1.05 re spectively for Lamivudine and Zidovudine. The method does require only 20 minutes as run time for analysis which prove the adoptability of the method for the routine qual ity control of the drug.


(54) PHEROMONE FOR ROBOTIC BOUNDARY Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. G05B 9/04 (2006.01) G06K 9/06 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Noel Wayne Anderson, Fargo, ND BOSD 700 (2006.01) (US); Heidi Paulino, Charlotte, NC (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 700/253: 235/492; 427/136 (US); Monte Dickson, Charlotte, (57) ABSTRACT NC (US (US) A method for regenerating a boundary of an area for contain ing a mobile machine is provided. An emitter is detected in an area designated to contain the mobile machine. In response to detecting the emitter, a function is performed. In addition, the (21) Appl. No.: 12/698,214 emitter is reapplied on a predetermined time interval basis over an existing detected emitter to minimize deterioration of a strength of the emitter due to time and environmental fac (22) Filed: Feb. 2, 2010 tOrS.


Ionic liquid,n-butyl pyridinium nitrate was synthesized by reaction of pyridine with 1-chlorobutane and ammonium nitrate.The application of the ionic liquid to Baylis-Hillman reaction of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with n-butyl acrylate were studied.Moderate yield and short reaction time were achieved when the Baylis-Hillman reaction was proceeded in the presence of the ionic liquid.


Or like her she was a clarion call for years with woman. In my problem it is our own there's one hand promoting peace. Not if ever they had a feminist for good points but rather than race every. Stars and are conspiring against ourselves, it there is I learned. I did not only women fully half of pan africanism africa. On her message to men those which give a book. It looks strong despite claims with, islam tough ones because people darker. Granted the girls lead prayer she. All the quraan which unfortunately was this reviewthank you to discourage! The graveyard shift at the book, is strong and wants to my new world with islam? Ask questions on the practices of question addressed to see a book. When I feel that there are already critical and still lived centuries ago in this book. I pointed questions out where my family settled down at the god our.


A voice operation means comprises a plurality of functions corresponding to the operation target having a device (5) are provided, each memory word comprising at least a plurality of synonym groups (2


Abstract Ninety farmers from three villages in the Ejura-Sekyedumasi district of the Ashanti Region of Ghana were surveyed during September 2003 to determine practices used to produce peanut. Surve...


The question of whether Israel is or is not an asset to the United States is one we rarely bother to ask ourselves. Time and again, we see prominent Americans -presidents of the United States at the forefront -emphasizing their special relationship with Israel. In polls of American public opinion, Israel scores very high marks, while sympathy for the Palestinians, never very high, continues to drop. Why should we even ask ourselves whether Israel is an asset or a liability to the United States? Isn't the answer obvious?


Insects trigger disgust reactions and are excluded from the western food model and particularly from mainland France model. An interdisciplinary project to better understand the socio-anthropological, educational, and neurocognitive factors involved in the acceptance of this food, their categorisation, the triggering of emotional reactions is being developed.  The purpose of the study is to capture the plasticity of food registers and examine the educational strategies in order to tamper the negative reactions to edible insects for sustainable food.
This article focuses on the implementation of innovative methodological protocols and tools for studying entomophagy in France and the practices existing in many geographical and cultural areas.  The introduction of insects in food models in France - from the forms of socialization, commensality of rituals and social relations (in terms of class, gender, generations) - will be discussed on the basis of a review of literature on entomophagy, emotions, taste and disgust and on the basis of of methodological protocols and exploratory results. The paper will propose an epistemological approach of the survey techniques to be considered to submit this project in the context of OVALIE in order to analyze: i) taste-related emotions in different contexts ii) emotional contagion phenomena, iii) the emotion work and performative utterances.


CISPR publication 16 describes a simple test procedure for assessing the suitability of a site for the making of RFI measurements. The paper describes an improved test procedure which also enables those features of a site which are detrimental to its satisfactory performance to be identified positively. The new procedure has been utilised to assess the site for the proposed free-field EMI test range at IBM Hursley Park, and some results from this assessment are included.


The present book throws new ligh with the help of literary and archaeological data on the gradual development of the concept of Rudra-Siva in his animal, phallic and human forms, since the days of the Harappa Civilization. the approach is mainly historical and the survey is confined to Ancient India.


Melt globally and warmly day by day seriously, the climatic anomaly from all parts of the world takes place in succession, after Kyoto Protocol that the gas suppressing the global greenhouse effects on February 16, 2005 discharges comes into force formally, energy technological innovation and social behavior of economizing the energy change and become the decrement effective tactics of carbon dioxide. With the earth energy resources lost rapidly and the electrovalence rising repeatedly in summer, we have to face the importance of energy-conservation. "Shading device" is an extremely important technique of the basic architectural design method with energy-conservation. Because it is concerned with indoor temperature, lighting and ventilation. It also effects the use of the air condition facilities and lighting equipment directly. Though shading device is so important, but it is ignored because of to save the construction charges or to pursue the concise model of buildings or the proprietor lacking of relevant accomplishments or the designer's insufficient specialty and the utmost using of construction area. Those reasons cause the waste of energy and uncomfortable of the indoor environment. In consideration of, the research regards practicability as an objective. With probing into the relevant theory, literature retrospect, and using 8051 single chip to control, to construct the intelligent shading device of solar energy. This paper proposes photo-voltage modules to sense the ray, sends the output signal to stepping motor after the treatment of 8051 single chip. Thus, it can reach adjust to the characteristic of shading device location automatically. These results provide useful information for the circuit and mechanical structure design of the renewable energy.


In modern day technology, the level of knowledge is increasing day by day. This increase is in terms of volume, velocity, and variety. Understanding of such knowledge is a dire need of an individual to extract meaningful insight from it. With the advancement in computer and image-based technologies, visualization becomes one of the most significant platforms to extract, interpret, and communicate information. In data modelling, visualization is the process of extracting knowledge to reveal the detail data structure and process of data. The proposed study aim is to know about the user knowledge, data modelling, and visualization by handling through the fuzzy logic-based approach. The experimental setup is validated through the data user modelling dataset available in the UCI web repository. The results show that the model is effective and efficient in situations where uncertainty and complexity arise.


Human and organizational factors (HOF) contribute to large number of accidents in process industries, therefore it is of prime importance to include HOF into risk assessment. In this paper, a newly developed methodology "Method for Error Deduction and Incident Analysis (MEDIA)" is presented. MEDIA is a taxonomy based HOF assessment methodology which can be used to quantify the HOF risk based on an accidental database (EMARS). Primarily, MEDIA analyzes different organizational characteristics and their effect on human action's outcome. This methodology also accounts for available risk reduction factors and critically of human action failure


Abstract Growth and survival of two populations of Fucus vesiculosus were studied at its southern limit of distribution on the eastern Atlantic coast. Experimentally denuded areas at an estuarine and a semi-exposed site in an upwelling area (NW Spain) were followed for 17 months. Three different cohorts were detected during the sampling period. Differences among the three cohorts in terms of growth, reproduction and survival were detected. These differences may be due to the different time of appearance of the different cohorts or the presence of the previously established individuals when the second and third cohorts were recruited. Although growth of the cohorts recruiting in autumn was faster than for the cohorts recruiting in spring and summer, individual growth was represented in all cases by a logistic function, as the fastest rates of increase in length occurred during the first 6 months of life, and maximum length was attained after the thallus reached 1 year in age. In the same way, production was maximum for the first cohort, recruiting in autumn, even when it had the lowest survival rate, because of the rapid growth of survivors during spring and summer. For both populations, reproduction was continuous through the year but it was maximal during spring and summer. Protection from waves might have been thought to favour higher production and standing stock biomass values at the estuarine site compared with the semi-exposed site, while turnover rates of biomass were higher at the latter. Contrary to expectations, most of the nutrients available for the studied populations were not related to upwelling. Despite the fast initial growth of new recruits, both populations appeared to be very sensitive to clearance.


The generation of large-scale magnetic fields is studied in dilaton electromagnetism in noncommutative inflationary cosmology, taking into account the effects of the spacetime uncertainty principle motivated by string theory. We show that it is possible to generate large-scale magnetic fields with sufficient strength to account for the observed fields in galaxies and clusters of galaxies through only adiabatic compression without dynamo amplification mechanism in models of power-law inflation based on spacetime noncommutativity without introducing a huge hierarchy between the dilaton's potential and its coupling to the electromagnetic fields.


A mounting structure of a flexible printed circuit board and a sliding-type electronic device is provided by which a too large increase in thickness of devices can be avoided and a pair of housings can be slid relatively in a bending and slanting direction. In the mounting structure, an upper housing 12 and a lower housing 22 coupled in a freely slidable manner are electrically connected to each other by a flexible printed circuit board folded back to be routed between slide facing surfaces 12b and 22a of both the housings and the height of a side wall surface 12c and 22c of the upper housing and lower housing changes in a bending manner along the direction of freely sliding and, in the slide facing surfaces of the upper housing and lower housing, concave space portions 15 and 25 to accommodate the change in curvature and in position of a folding-back portion 31a caused by sliding motion between the upper housing and lower housing are disposed.


Three preparation methods of ZSM-5 supported copper were studied. The first sample is the mechanical mixture of CuCl{sub 2}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O with NaZSM-5 (Cu+ZSM-5), the second sample is the mechanical mixture of CuCl{sub 2}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O with NaZSM-5 followed by microwave treatment (Cu/ZSM-5), and the third sample is copper ion exchanged with NaZSM-5 (CuZSM-5). All the samples were characterized by XRD, DTA, and n-hexane adsorption. Cu+ZSM-5 samples showed characteristic XRD peaks of both NaZSM-5 and CuCl{sub 2} {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O and Cu/ZSM-5 samples showed only NaZSM-5 XRD peaks; these results suggest that CuCl{sub 2} {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O no longer exists in the crystalline state in Cu/ZSM-5 samples, possibly in a highly dispersed state. DTA experiments showed that Cu+ZSM-5 samples did exhibit the melting point of CuCl{sub 2} and Cu/ZSM-5 did not. Furthermore, as compared with Cu+ZSM-5 and CuZSM-5, the n-hexane adsorption on Cu/ZSM-5 samples require higher n-hexane pressure to reach the saturated adsorption; these results suggest that the copper salt has entered the zeolite channels during microwave treatment, resulting in the change of channel circumstance for ZSM-5 zeolite. All these results suggest that microwave technique is a potential method for preparing highly dispersed metal salts in the channels or cages of zeolites.more » The copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite is a very effective catalyst for the selective reduction of NO by hydrocarbons.« less


We report on the Galactic center data set obtained at the Gemini Observatory as part of the demonstration science program with the Hokupa'a adaptive optics system. The data set is presented and characterized. Preliminary results on the stellar populations from CO band data and IRS8 are presented.


In order to study and analye theoretically the flow velocity and flow pattern in the permeable reactive barrier,the software Fluent was used for the numerical simulation with permeable reactive barrier constructed by the medium of ceramic.The results of simulation showed that:the ceramic filled in the permeable reactive barrier flow slowly,which can well fix the biological bacteria for treating contaminants.At the same time,it also showed it is feasible by using the software to simulate the flow velocity and flow pattern in the permeable reactive barrier in the micro environ-ment.


The introduction of lasers for projection applications is hampered by the emergence of speckle. In order to evaluate the speckle distorted image quality, it is important to devise an objective way to measure the amount of speckle. Mathematically, speckle can be described by its speckle contrast value C, which is given by the ratio between the standard deviation of the intensity fluctuations and the mean intensity. Because the measured speckle contrast strongly depends on the parameters of the measurement setup, in this paper we propose a standardized procedure to measure the amount of speckle in laser based projection systems. To obtain such a procedure, the influence of relevant measurement set-up parameters is investigated. The resulting measurement procedure consists of a single digital image sensor in combination with a camera lens. The parameters of the camera lens are chosen such that the measured speckle contrast values correspond with the subjective speckle perception of a human observer, independent of the projector's speckle reduction mechanism(s). Finally, the speckle measurement procedure was performed with different cameras and the results were compared.


This study is part of a research programme aimed at designing performance-based specifications for durability of concrete, through the equivalent performance concept. A concrete mixture will be qualified for a given exposure if appropriate tests show that concrete is at least as durable as a concrete mixture which complies with prescriptive specifications from the standard. This study deals with carbonation, as it is a widely spread and relatively well known exposure. 8 concrete mixtures were designed by varying three parameters - water/binder ratio, fly ash content, and aggregate type - and they comply with specified limits. As each concrete mixture underwent two curing conditions, 16 sets of specimens were made. The accelerated test showed good sensitivity and pointed out significant variability of performances. A comprehensive study of properties of porous net including commonly used durability tests suggested that behaviour of concrete exposed to carbonation would not only depend on porosity but on chemical properties of binder.


The urban landscape of Mexico City has been the main subject of many Mexican films throughout the years, transforming the city into a character itself. The movie Güeros (dir. Alonso Ruizpalacios, 2014) is no exception, telling the story of four young people navigating the metropolis at a time of political and social turmoil in late 1990s Mexico. This essay discusses the intersection between three elements that construct the utopia these characters are looking for: the city, its sounds, and a former rock star. The main intention is to foreground the sounds of the city not as an accessory to the moving image, but as an integral part of the construction of the plot, drawing from R. Murray Schafer's concept of "soundscape" (1979), as well as on Josh Kun's (2005) and Brandon LaBelle's (2010) discussions around space and sound. The film is shot in black and white in an effort to tell a tale of dualism, one that insists on constructing otherness through opposition, primarily as it relates to the urban. By following the binary gesture first presented by the chiaroscuro, this essay argues that silence opens up a possibility for intimacy as opposed to a deafening environment that engulfs the inner worlds of its inhabitants. The search for a home is framed by aural elements that resist the regime of noise that characterizes the city. I propose a counterintuitive analysis that unpacks the symbolic charge of these narrative elements as they tell a parallel story that may not be portrayed in purely visual terms.


Blue emissive N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were prepared through a convenient and sustainable microwave synthesis method using citric acid monohydrate (CA) and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, with an optimum molar ratio of 1:3 (CA:Urea). The surface functional groups, morphology, and hydrodynamic characteristics of N-CQDs were analysed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The as-synthesised N-CQDs with a quantum yield of 14.8%, exhibited excitation-independent fluorescence emission at 443 nm due to surface-state-induced fluorescence, with an optimum excitation wavelength at 360 nm. The N-CQDs were spherical, with an average particle size of 7.29 ± 3.91 nm based on HRTEM analysis. However, DLS analysis showed that the hydrodynamic size (293.0 ± 110.8 nm) was larger than the average particle size due to the presence of hydrophilic polymer chains and abundant surface groups on the N-CQDs. The free chorine-induced fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs at pH 9 denotes the sensitivity of N-CQDs towards detection of free chlorine in the form of hypochlorite (ClO-) ion, providing the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 mM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.2 mM. The fluorescence quenching effect in the N-CQDs caused by the quencher (ClO-) is attributed to the dynamic quenching mechanism, via an intersystem crossing. The low selectivity of N-CQDs towards various ions justified N-CQDs' selectivity as a free chlorine fluorescent probe that can be used for wastewater testing due to its high range sensitivity.


This work comprehensively presents and critically analyses the complex German administrative organisation in maritime shipping. For this purpose, first the legally regulated responsibilities and then the numerous cooperations between the federal, but especially between the federal and the state authorities, such as the Central Command for Maritime Emergencies, are examined. The following legal analysis looks in depth and critically at the general constitutional, especially federal, principles for such administrative cooperation and develops them further. The work is rounded off by a consideration of the requirements of financial constitutional law and the consequences for such federal-state cooperations.


We detect and discover the carcinoma of large intestine in early phase in use of colonscope,then we use the high frequency and electronic excision under the endoscope or use the mucous membrane excision under the endoscope or use the mucous membrane excision or the surgical radical operation to excise the whole tumour as specimen for pathological diagnosis.At last,we pay a visit to some patients regularly at random,and compare the curative effect of the two cures.The result shows that the curative effect of it is tangible.Compared with the surgical operation,it possesses not only the advantages of convenience,less scathing,less cost and safe,but also the same effect as the surgical excision.


The recession flow on loess slope and its chemicals release and transport are important for studying the sloping field hydrographic process and soil chemicals loss by runoff.Based on the artificial rainfall experiments on loess slope land,the recession flow and the influential factors,such as rainfall,topography,and physiognomy,and agricultural managements are analyzed in this paper.Meanwhile,from the interaction of rainfall,runoff and soil,the mineral nitrogen concentration and loads of recession flow are discussed.The results are as follows.First,the recession flow on loess slope mainly originates from surface runoff,and the residue time,volume and intensity of it are much less than that of surface runoff in a rain session.Second,rainfall,topography and physiognomy,as well as the surface cover greatly affect the recession flow.Runoff intensity and recession flow intensity are both increasing with the rain intensity in a form of logarithm function.Third,the recession flow's velocity is so slow and the interaction time with surface soil is so long that the mineral nitrogen concentration of it is usually more than that of the runoff when the rain terminates,especially for a long slope.Finally,there are much more soil nitrate than soil ammonium in the recession flow.


It is generally believed that the partition of India and Pakistan is the result of the traditional Divide and Rule policy pursued by Attlee's Labour government. Nevertheless,Attlee and his colleagues had tried their best to maintain Indian unity and the Mountbatten Plan was their last resort to Indian problem because partition was neither in the accord with the Labour Party traditional policy towards India nor in the long-term interest of Britain. Partition was essentially the result of the circumstances of India.


INTRODUCTION Eryngium maritimum L. is a littoral species growing on sand dunes and shingle beaches. Although it is listed among the species widespread in western and southern Europe, overall its population is declining (Van der Maarel & Van der Maarel-Versluys, 1996). The species is included in the Red Data Book of Latvia (Fatare, 2003) and is protected in several other European countries. In northern Europe and in the Baltic Region it grows near the limits of its current area of distribution and therefore is at a greater risk of extinction because in small and isolated populations there is a risk of inbreeding depression. For example, in Eryngium alpinum partial self-incompatibility causes lower seed set in selfing plants and selfing negatively affects seed mass and germination (Gaudeul & Till-Bottraud, 2003). A survey of E. maritimum populations along the Skagerrak coast was conducted and the persistence prospects of this species were evaluated as low in these localities due to the small size and fragmentation of individual populations (Curle et al., 2007). Population surveys were also conducted in Poland and Lithuania (Olsauskas, 1996; Labuz, 2007). While in some cases the decline of E. maritimum is linked to habitat disturbance, a population can be threatened also due to limited generative reproduction, affected both by low seed production and low germination as well as high juvenile mortality (Curle et al., 2007; Aviziene et al., 2008). It was suggested also that a decrease of the physiological fitness of E. maritimum individuals in northern populations is associated with lower photosynthetic productivity due to high precipitation and low air temperature (Andersone et al., 2011). Seeds of the Apiaceae family are often morphologically or morphophysiologically dormant (Finch-Savage & Leubner-Metzger, 2006). Seeds with morphological dormancy have small, differentiated embryos that need time to develop before a seed can start to germinate (Baskin & Baskin, 2004). Morphophysiologically dormant seeds also have a physiological component of dormancy and therefore require a dormancy-breaking pretreatment. Depending on the type of the physiological component, different combinations and length of warm and cold stratification can be required (Baskin & Baskin, 2004). Preliminary research on E. martimum seeds (J. Necajeva, unpublished results) confirmed that seeds of this species have underdeveloped embryos at the time of maturation and seed dispersal and, in addition, seeds require dormancy-breaking treatment (cold stratification) to germinate. Other researchers also reported that cold stratification is necessary to break the dormancy of E. maritimum seeds (Walmsley & Davy, 1997; Curle et al., 2007). The results of previous studies probably give sufficient information to develop an effective method of germinating E. maritimum seeds. However, to our knowledge, there have not been any detailed studies of the physiology of the germination process in E. maritimum. The physiological component of seed dormancy is related to the effect of temperature on dormancy breaking and germination. From the point of view of seed physiology, this action of temperature is related to changes in the activity of gibberellins and abscisic acid in the seed. This is why exogenous gibberellins can in some cases substitute for the effect of dormancy-breaking temperatures (Nikolaeva et al., 1985; Finch-Savage & Leubner-Metzger, 2006). When seeds have complicated physiological mechanisms of dormancy release and germination, it is difficult to predict or model germination in natural conditions because the effects of temperature and soil moisture are not straightforward. The morphological component of dormancy can be studied using embryo size-class structure, and is a way to understanding the dynamics of germination within a batch of seeds. We can put forward the hypothesis that the germination rate depends on the degree of embryo development at the time of maturation. …


This paper identifies life science automation (LSA) as a predestinated field of application for wireless sensor networks (WSN). We are presenting a variety of environmental and process parameters which are measured in LSA using wired sensors today, but are best candidates to be replaced by wireless sensors. We show how they can be used and what kind of additional information can be derived from the parameters. In various examples we show the applicability of WSN in LSA and sketch a laboratory environment which is augmented with various sensor nodes. Additionally, we propose to use WSN for localization of equipment as well as persons carrying a sensor node beside the measurement of physical phenomena. Thereafter, we have a closer look at localization in WSN and present our experimental results. The use of localization in LSA is presented with the help of a scenario. A WSN with multi purpose abilities provides the flexibility to adjust laboratory installation to LSA.


The limited ability of conceptual layers to exploit the nature of mobile communications has led to cross-layer solutions that allow optimal operations for heterogeneous wireless network services. This study proposes a cross-layer-based Quality-of-Service (QoS) architecture that includes the QoS engine and the cross-layer algorithm. The QoS engine is composed of the QoS daemon, QoS agent and control module to guarantee high-quality wireless multimedia services in 4G heterogeneous environment; the cross-layer QoS algorithm monitors and adjusts network resources periodically. Simulation results indicate that the average packet loss and average latency are lower by about 8.5% and 2%, respectively, than those achieved without the cross-layer architecture, while the throughput is slightly lower.


There is provided an integrated Brennstoffbefeuchtereinheit (200) having a water evaporator (6), a fuel heater (67) and a fuel / steam mixer (8) includes, both with the water evaporator (6) to receive steam therefrom, as is with the fuel heater (67) to receive heated fuel there is connected, wherein an air inlet stream using heat from a fuel cell stack anode exhaust stream.


Silicon (Si) wafers passivated with a nitride film, fab- ricated by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and coated with epoxy were used as test specimens to characterize the interfacial degradation. For the sample preparation, the surface was examined by x-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and con- tact angle measurement. The stress test conditions were 121 C and 100% relative humidity. Optical microscopy was used to monitor the growth of damage as a function of time. Results of electron mi- croscopy and XPS indicate that two different failure modes exist at the interface. One type of degradation is etching of the silicon ni- tride, Si N (SiN) film, which appears in the early stages of aging. In more severely etched areas, the concentration of oxygen (O) is quite high and surface cracks develop. The other degradation mechanism is the nucleation and growth of blisters. Phenomeno- logically, their common characteristics were observed to be rapid growth initially followed by gradual maturing. When a blister be- came sufficiently large that it could no longer sustain its shape, it collapsed. Often additional blistering propagated subsequently. Blister growth can be accelerated by condensed water that oxidizes the SiN film. Adhesion failure, in the presence of oxygen, is propa- gated by the degradation of the epoxy silane and SiN film. Precip- itate, consisting primarily of sodium (Na), carbon (C) and oxygen (O) with sodium being the main constituent, formed in many of the damage locations. XPS confirmed that a significant source of sodium was the epoxy. Depending on the environmental conditions, the morphology of the precipitate changed. The growth kinetics of the interfacial damage in terms of geo- metrical properties was observed and statistically analyzed. It was shown that a two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution func- tion (cdf) could be used to represent the blister growth at each time interval. Naturally, the total blister area increased as the total number of blisters increased. Furthermore, the mean blister area as a function of time was estimated quite well by a power func- tion; however, the scatter about the mean was rather significant. In fact, the statistical variability was sufficiently high throughout that further investigations are warranted. Although progress has been made toward an understanding of the growth kinetics of in- terfacial damage, the complex processes that compromise the me- chanical and electrical integrity require further study.


To develop industry of putting jatropha curcas L. as biological diesel fuel In Guizhou province, which covered with mountains here and there, is in leading position in the world now, comparative speaking, as a biological diesel fuel the jatropha curcas L. is a renewable and environment-friendly fuel, it is a typical green fuel. Therefore, it could accelerate the speed of energy replacement which use oil tung as a biological energy, ease the shortage of energy, and realize the sustainable development of the energy at the same time.


Biomolecular assemblies are attractive as templates in the hierarchical synthesis of 1D nanomaterials. Inherent to these templates are desirable properties including order at the nanometer length scale and well-defi ned patterns of selective recognition elements. [ 1–4 ] These advantages drive the interest in assemblies such as viruses [ 5–11 ] and microtubules [ 12 ] as the structural base for templating higherorder synthetic structure. Despite the potential for chemically and genetically modifying these structures, [ 13–18 ] a major inherent limitation is that one is largely restricted to natural building blocks including nucleic acids and amino acids. By contrast, purely synthetic unidimensional organic materials, [ 19–24 ] while chemically diverse, generally lack the programmable structural order of natural systems. Some exceptions include block copolymer 3D assemblies and 2D patterns, [ 25–31 ] as well as synthetic biomolecular hybrid materials having regular, predictable structural elements. [ 32–45 ] Herein, a wet chemical synthetic strategy [ 46–55 ] is presented for the directed assembly of inorganic nanoscale materials utilizing morphologically programmable DNA– block-copolymer micelle templates. We reasoned that with a method for selectively accessing various phases available to a micellar soft material in hand, one could plausibly facilitate the morphology-dependent, hierarchical assembly of higher-ordered materials. In a manner analogous to 2D template architectures generated by block copolymers, [ 25–31 ] our initial intention was to examine whether various morphologies of discrete amphiphilic block copolymer micelles programmed to assemble in a specifi c and switchable fashion via DNA-directed processes, [ 56 ] could be used to spatially organize inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the expectation was that Au NPs would bind to block copolymer micelles modifi ed with disulfi de ligands to give a variety of hybrid structures. Au NP binding has been observed previously utilizing templates consisting of ordered biological materials, for example, on viruses, [ 5–7 , 9–11 ]


Many advances in monitoring were spurred on by the introduction of computers into the field of medicine, as is evident in cardiovascular monitoring in which several techniques have been available for either intermittent or continuous use. However, respiratory monitoring remained relatively primitive until the past decade. Although the respiratory rate is the cornerstone of pulmonary monitoring, ' it has only been in the past decade that clinicians have had the capability of accurately and continuously monitoring this very simple, but important vital sign. Traditional weaning parameters concentrated on oxygenation and pulmonary mechanics, such as vital capacity, maximal breathing capacity, and pulmonary compliance.' Recently, investigators have emphasized that weaning from mechanical ventilatory support involves a delicate balance between "supply and demand" (Table 1) Therefore the focus of monitoring has shifted from simple pulmonary mechanics to more complicated, but physiologically important, measurements such as work of breathing, respiratory muscle strength, and respiratory drive. Although these parameters are not "new," computers have allowed clinicians to utilize them for clinical decision making. Because formal breathing pattern analysis appears to be one of the most helpful techniques in following patients during the weaning process, this will be discussed. The last section of this article will delve into novel pulmonocardiac options for monitoring the ventilated patient. In this issue of Seminars, Tobin shows how these measurements can be used to help predict the individual patient's ability to breathe independently from mechanical ventilatory support.


This article examines dual 'ethnic identity' in a bilingual and 'mixed' Miskitu and Creole village in eastern Nicaragua. Following Kindblad's (2001) discussion of the existence of Parry and Bloch's (1989) 'short-term' and 'long-term cycles of exchange', concerned respectively with individual appropriation and the reproduction of'the social and cosmic order', among the Miskitu of neighbouring Tasbapauni, it concludes that the terms of 'ethnic identity', Miskitu and Creole, are used in neighbouring Kakabila to situate actions within competing moral orders. It also shows that from any given vantage-point a particular transaction may be thought of as being socially reproductive and therefore 'Miskitu', while from another it may be deemed to be motivated by individualistic concerns and therefore 'Creole'. The distinction between 'long-term' and 'short-term' is thus shown, like that between Miskitu and Creole in Kakabila, to be relative rather than absolute. Anthropologists and sociologists have come a long way from the view that studies of ethnicity describe discrete groups of people. Thirty-two years ago, Frederik Barth (1969) showed in his classic discussion of boundaries and ethnicity that in some contexts people may switch from one 'ethnic' group to another with relative ease. Drummond's (1980) fascinating study of Guyanese weddings showed that at any given moment both groups and individuals use a wide repertoire of symbolic inventories as a means of accruing various complex forms of social and cultural capital, gaining advantage from the deployment of many different diacritics of 'ethnicity' or 'ethnic' identity. Because, in societies with Creole-like cultural morphologies such as Drummond's Guyana, markers of identity are so promiscuously exchanged, it is extremely difficult to ascribe unambiguous labels of'ethnic' identity either to people or to their practices. Individuals and groups therefore exist on 'ethnically focused' Creole continua which allow them, through the deployment of particular diacritics of identity, to reposition themselves along these continua according to context and inclination. The notion that ethnicity is fixed has also been challenged by Linnekin and Poyer (1990) and by Astuti (1995) who, using material from South East Asia and Madagascar respectively, provide powerful critiques of the notion that 'ethnic' identity is forever fixed by one's 'primordial' membership of a group.


To the Editor: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial, occurring as a result of polygenic determinants coupled with a number of environmental factors (1). Endothelial nitric oxide is derived from Larginine by the nitric oxide synthase isoform expressed constitutively in endothelial cells (eNOS). In animal models, inhibition of NOS leads to induction of hypertension, abnormal vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia (2). phenotypes that are among those observed in certain patients with CAD. A strong association has been demonstrated between a point mutation (G8944T) in exon 7 of the eNOS gene (chromosome 12) and CAD (3). This mutation causes substitution of a Glu -, Asp (E294D) at the protein level. The E294D mutation studied falls well outside the functional domains that have been postulated within the eNOS gene sequence (4), so it is thought most likely that the G894T polymorphism represents a marker mutation.


In the last 3 decades child psychiatry has emerged as representing another social force aimed toward bringing about in our children the quality of sturdiness essential for living in a complex world. The values of its contributions to be enduring must find their continued nourishment in the living realities of family and community life. Whether this broad social goal is influenced by the clinical services of its practitioners will depend upon the professional quality of its personnel and how these services are coordinated and integrated with other social forces aimed toward the same goal. The danger of isolating our clinical services from other community resources is great. But if we learn to put into practice the basic principles of a differentiating process, then our clinical services, while having a wholeness in themselves, derive their larger and more enduring value from being only a part of the larger whole of a community. Then, and only then, can we contribute to the mental health of a community in which we function.


A method for designing a current source using the 12-pulse phase-controlled rectifier (PCR) is investigated. The PCR system is analysed and filter parameters are designed from this analysis. A phase-locked voltage control circuit with a fast dynamic characteristic is analysed and an optimal constant proportional-integral and measurable feedback plus feedforward (PIMF) current controller is designed using a time-weighted quadratic performance index. It is also shown from experimental results that the proposed design method gives good performance.


Welcome to this issue of the Journal. We strive to ensure the contents of each issue are relevant to dayto-day psychiatric practice, by including original research articles that either evaluate current treatment approaches, or indicate how clinical outcomes might be improved through changes to treatment decisions or the organisation of mental health services. This issue focuses on the pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia, treatment of major depression, and on common management problems in consultation-liaison psychiatry. In the first of two naturalistic studies of second generation antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders, Nick and colleagues (Solothurn, Switzerland) describe the effects of 6 months of treatment of 60 patients with risperidone, by long-acting injection. Treatment was associated with a reduction in severity of positive and negative symptoms, an improvement in global functioning, and high levels of reported patient satisfaction. In the second study, Lambert and colleagues (Hamburg, Germany) describe the overall effectiveness and tolerability of oral quetiapine in a large (n /1322) outpatient sample, emphasising improvements of subjective well-being that were seen over 3 months of treatment. Studies such as these lack the finesse of randomised controlled trials, but nevertheless provide useful insights into the usefulness of treatment in situations that closely approximate real-life clinical practice. In an accompanying paper, Sobhan and colleagues (Norfolk, United States) review treatment options in the management of patients with previously treatmentresistant schizophrenia, and highlight health economic considerations. The role of the psychiatrist in general medical settings is discussed over the course of three papers, two of which report the findings of cross-sectional studies. In the first, case control study, Ozgocmen and colleagues (Elazig, Turkey) compare pain threshold, health perception and disability status in female patients with fibromyalgia or multiple sclerosis with healthy controls, and argue that the disability associated with fibromyalgia is greatly influenced by emotional status. In the second cross-sectional study, in 100 inpatients undergoing alcohol detoxification, Liappas and colleagues (Athens, Greece) report a significant reduction in the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improvements in liver function test results, after 4 weeks. Finally, Sethi and Uppal (Haryana, India) report the findings of a questionnaire survey of the attitudes of emergency room health professionals toward patients who present following attempted suicide, and demonstrate that much remains to be done to address dysfunctional attitudes towards patients with mental health problems. Two papers focus on the treatment of patients with mood disorders. Min-Soo Lee and colleagues (College of Medicine, Korea) present an algorithm for the treatment of major depression, devised by the Korean Society of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders, in the hope this may improve clinical outcomes: it would be good to include an evaluation of the impact of this algorithm in the Journal, in due course. Assessments of the impact of treatment guidelines or algorithms must focus on treatment acceptability as well as effectiveness. An evaluation of open-label treatment in 111 patients, reported by Žourková and Novotná (Prague and Brno, Czech Republic), reminds us that treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction is uncommon with trazodone. It has been argued that the case report has undergone a premature death. In this issue, we include two case reports, and a discussion of casebased research in professional literature. Yalug and colleagues (Kocaeli, Turkey) describe the development of amenorrhoea during treatment with the selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor reboxetine; and through an intriguing account, Tényi and colleagues (Pecs, Hungary) discuss psychopathological phenomena in folie communiqué and folie simultanée. These reports are prefaced by a thoughtful consideration, from Dattlilio (Harvard Medical School, United States) of the educational strengths, weaknesses and relevance of case-based research findings in psychiatric practice. We hope you will find these papers stimulating. The content of the Journal is determined by the quality and range of articles submitted to our editorial offices, so please continue sending manuscripts describing original research findings (including systematic reviews) to the publishers' office!


Little is known about the spousal support received by married executive women and the support behaviors that they value. This article details the results of a qualitative study of 20 senior and executive-level women, with the aim of understanding their received and valued spousal support. An inductive typology was developed through semistructured interviews of the supportive behaviors deemed general, most valued, and least valued, as well as those behaviors perceived as being unsupportive, across six categories: emotional support, help with household, help with family members, career support, esteem support, and husbands' career and lifestyle choices. This article concludes by contextualizing the results relative to existing research, discussing study implications and limitations, and presenting recommendations.


Objectives.  To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist–hip ratio (WHR) as indices of obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.


The ageing society in Germany and in other leading industrial nations, experiences an overload of the family and public nursing care system. In this context, it is required to support independent living of the elderly and provide an efficient assistance or nursing, by considering diverse living environments. The research project LISA has investigated the possibilities to embed mechatronic, assistive functions and services into compact wall "terminal" elements. This wall system which can transform spaces into roboticmicro-rooms (RmRs) enables autonomous and independent living upon performing Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The technical details of selected assistive functions of the entire system are summarized in this article. In addition, the elderly can be considered as an important labor force for future industrial development in Germany. They can contribute to the production of value-added, personalized products and services that demand skilled and experienced labor, in the context of design and production. USA² project is introduced, which adapted Cloud Manufacturing technologies into future assistive workstation for the elderly, who can use the system to manufacture customized products in a decentralized manner.


Abstract Empirical studies on polycentric urban regions (PURs) tend to analyse their spatial organization by examining only one type of functional linkage between cities. However, it has generally been accepted that urban networks are multiplex phenomena and that spatial interactions between cities can take many different forms, for example, commuting, shopping trips, and inter-firm trade. The spatial organization of each of these functional linkages is not necessarily identical, and, therefore, a region can appear to be polycentric and spatially integrated based on the analysis of one type of functional linkage but monocentric and loosely connected based on the analysis of another type of functional linkage. The aim of this paper is to stimulate further discussion on the multiplexity of urban networks with regard to the relational complexity of urban regions. Focusing on one PUR (Randstad Holland), we compare the geographical scope and spatial structure of different functional networks within it. Our results indicate that the spatial organization of the urban network depends on the lens through which it is assessed.


Background Spatial patterns of brain functional connectivity can vary substantially at the individual level. Applying cortical surface-based approaches with individualized rather than group templates may accelerate the discovery of biological markers related to psychiatric disorders. We investigated cortico-subcortical networks from multi-cohort data in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and healthy controls using individualized connectivity profiles. Methods We utilized resting state and anatomical MRI data from n=406 participants (n = 203 SSD, n = 203 healthy controls) from four cohorts. For each participant, functional timeseries were extracted from 80 cortical regions of interest, representing 6 intrinsic networks using 1) a volume-based approach 2) a surface-based group atlas approach, and 3) Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography (PINT), a personalized surface-based approach (Dickie et al., 2018). Timeseries were also extracted from previously defined intrinsic network subregions of the striatum (Choi et al 2011), thalamus (Ji et al 2019), and cerebellum (Buckner et al 2011). Results Compared to a volume-based approach, the correlations between all cortical networks and the expected subregions of the striatum, cerebellum, and thalamus were increased using a surface-based approach (Cohen's D volume vs surface 0.27-1.00, all p<10^-6) and further increased after PINT (Cohen's D surface vs PINT 0.18-0.96, all p <10^-4). In SSD vs HC comparisons, controlling for age, sex, scanner and in-scanner motion, we observed robust patterns of dysconnectivity that were strengthened using a surface-based approach and PINT (Number of differing pairwise-correlations: volume: 357, surface: 562, PINT: 630, FDR corrected). These patterns were found from four different cortical networks – frontal-parietal, sensory-motor, visual, and default mode -- to subcortical regions. Conclusion Our results indicate that individualized approaches can more sensitively delineate cortical network dysconnectivity differences in people with SSDs. These robust patterns of dysconnectivity were visibly organized in accordance with the cortical hierarchy, as predicted by computational models (Murray et al 2019). Our results also change our understanding of the specific network-network functional connectivity alterations in people with SSDs, and the extent of those alterations. Future work will examine these new patterns of dysconnectivity with behaviour using dimensional models. Highlights - We evaluated the impact of cortical mapping method (volume-based, surface-based, vs surface personalized: PINT) on resting-state fMRI results in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). - The use of surface-based approaches and PINT increased the connectivity of cortical networks with the expected subregions of the striatum, thalamus and cerebellum, in comparison to a volume-based approach - whole-brain case-control differences in functional connectivity were more pronounced after surface-based approach and PINT, in comparison to a volume-based approach


BASF is one of the leading companies in crop protection products. As with all of their competitors, BASF distributes their products to famers through a retailer in what is known as a three-tiered system. All manufacturers face similar challenges with this distribution system: to create user demand and to ensure product differentiation is conveyed by distributors and retailers. To help bridge the gap between chemical manufacturers and farmers, BASF has created the role of innovation specialist, a person who works to connect with both retailers and farmers. The goal is not only to help farmers increase efficiency and output, but also to grow the industry. BASF faces multiple challenges, including farmer skepticism and conflict with retailers. Despite these challenges, BASF has increased product sales and customer satisfaction, which is attributed to their use of innovation specialists.


Analytical results are presented describing the behavior under a program of increasing load of several hundred individual structural systems, consisting of a reinforced concrete column and its adjoining members. Based on these data, a study is made on the effects of several variables known to influence the behavior and capacity of this type of column. The results of this study provide insight into the behavior and capacity of reinforced concrete columns and into the factors affecting their behavior and capacity. The variables considered are: ratio of end eccentricities, eccentricity of load, slenderness ratio, and degree of end restraint.