Pseudopeziza medicaginis and its biology were studied experimentally. The fungus was difficult to be isolated with ordinary methods, but it was successfully done by the procedure developed in this study. The fungus grew best on V-8 agar medium. The pH suitable for P. medicaginis germination and culture development were 3-8 and 4-6, respectively, and the optimum pH was 5. It grew slowly on artificial media, with a culture diameter only 2.5-3.5 mm after 40 days and a mature apothecia after 20 days. The suitable temperature range for ascospore germination was 6-25℃,with 15-20℃ being the optimun, and that for germtube growth was 10-30℃, with the optimum 20℃. There were significant differences (P0 05) in pathogenicity among various strains.


The high efficiency Integrated Gas Combined Cycle (IGCC) offers potential low-cost energy production via conversion of coal into syngas. Possible gasification byproducts contaminating the syngas can include species like H2S, AsH3, H2Se, and HgCl. A low cost high uptake sorbent is needed to capture these species simultaneously. Zn2TiO4 (henceforth 'ZTO') has been proposed as this sorbent. In the work presented we have used Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to examine the dissociative adsorption of H2S on ZTO. We first calculated the low energy bulk and then low energy surface structures of ZTO. Comparison of quantitative data for atomic-scale structure of bulk ZTO between theory and experiment is shown to be good. We then probed adsorption sites of H, S, and H2S on the ZTO(010) surface. Finally, we have used the NEB method implemented in DFT calculations to probe the decomposition pathway of H2S to 2H+S on the ZTO(010) surface.


Chicken claw is very worthy of consideration in terms of supporting food diversity. To support food diversification program, it is necessary to introduce the processed chicken claw to add new food variety. One of them is processed which can be made from the chicken claw biscuits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of flour chicken claw to the content of nutrients and flavors on a biscuit. This study is an experimental study of making biscuits with chicken claw addition of flour by 15%, 20% and 25%. Acceptance of test data was analyzed descriptively and the value of the calcium content was determined using the AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) were tested in the Laboratory of Industrial Research and Standardization Agency Medan. The results showed that the organoleptic color, texture, aroma and taste biscuit panelists are most preferred by the addition of flour biscuit chicken claw 20%. The addition of flour in the manufacture of biscuits chicken claw provide increased amounts of calcium in the biscuit Based on the analysis of variance, the addition of flour chicken claw with different concentrations in the manufacture of biscuits gave a significantly different effect on the color and flavor but does not give a different effect on aroma and and texture of biscuit. Advised consumers to make flour biscuits chicken claw as an alternative variation of the level of household food or industrial level. Also be made to introduce a chicken claw biscuits in cooperation with the school cafeteria and other food diversification is done with the addition of flour chicken claw


At the time of the merging of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism in the late Ming period, it was popular to use religion in fiction as a means of educating people, thus giving a boost to Buddhism and Daoism, "Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan" starts from the rationalistic stand of Confucianism in using gods but not worshipping them, showing a rigid hold onto the Confucian tradition. With a rational and profound criticism of the secularization and utilitarian orientation of Buddhism and Daoism, the book exposes their falsity and sinfulness under a disguise of sacredness, thus dissolving to an extent the spiritual delusion caused by pseudoreligion.


This is not a book I would use in the classroom, but students could be encouraged to buy one for themselves, along with a revision guide to help them. Apart from the hints in the 'troublespots tests', there is no help at all and no explanation of how the answers are achieved. I did not feel that the hints were particularly useful and on the second test (levels 6-7) there were only hints for two out of nine questions. If a student is being entered at level 4-6 or 5-7 then the majority of the tests would be useful practice. The questions are certainly on topics tested at Key Stage 3 but are not structured around stories as they often are in the National Tests. This book is exactly as its title suggests, 'Practice tests for Key Stage 3', and should be useful for a well motivated student to use for extra practice at home. PAM DENTON Croxteth Community Comprehensive School, Liverpool Lll 9AY


Background: The Accelerator Driven Subcritical System(ADS) uses a proton beam incident on a target to produce neutrons used in a nuclear reactor to process spent fuel in two ways: to accelerate its decomposition into non-radioactive waste, and to increase the rate at which it is recycled into nuclear fuel. Two cryomodules, each consisting of 7 superconducting spoke cavities, 7 superconducting magnets and 7 beam position monitors, are used to accelerate the proton beams from 3.2 Me V to 10 Me V. The superconducting magnet contains a solenoid for beam focusing and two correctors for orbit correction, it is a key component for ADS injection. Purpose: This study aims at a short superconducting magnet design to meet the required integral field strength and to reduce the leakage field at the nearby superconducting spoke cavities. The design current for the solenoid is 210 A. Methods: The main solenoid and two bucking solenoids plus the iron yoke were used to meet the leakage field requirements which is less than 1 G at a distance of 270 mm from the solenoid center. In order to shorten the magnet length to 170 mm, special design methods were taken for the magnet cryostat by removing two conflicts flanges and replacing them with the direct Al ring seal methods. A kind of conducted the current leads similar as that of Large Hadron Collider(LHC) corrector magnets was applied to the 2.1-K, 3 100-Pa cryogenic system. The small store energy magnet led to the introduction of active quench detected system, which is much more reliable. Two short magnets and two spoke cavities were installed inside a test cryomodule to test the online operation properties of the SC magnet and the SC spoke cavity. Results: A quench performance in the vertical test shows that the operating current of the solenoid magnet can reach above 300 A after natural quenching on three occasions during current ramping(260 A, 268 A and 308 A). Online operating test shows that two magnets can work at 4.2 K and 2.1 K, respectively. The quench protection system worked well when two quenches occurred as the liquid helium level decreased. Conclusion: The online operation for the two magnets confirms the physical and the mechanical design, the reliability of the quench detection technique.


1Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Regensburg, Germany 2Department for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland 3Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 4Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland 5Department of Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland 6Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland 7Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia


Preschoolers that have obtained Non-Accidental Injury (NAI) from familial child abuse are in need of having a unique place for neurorehabilitation in correlation with traditional therapies. My thesis project suggests adding an exhibit annex to an existing giant panda exhibit that will give preschoolers an opportunity to help develop new neuropathways when exposed to mediation and creative activities. Meditation and creative activities are being examined by neuroscientists as an aid in neuroplasticity after brain injury. This thesis reviews the neurotypical preschooler's milestones and the playful means by which they are achieved. Conjoining the contemporary museums' and zoological gardens' outreach to the medical field and a need for a place where preschoolers can heal, giant pandas will make good friends.


OBJECTIVES
Proper inflow cannula orientation during implantation of the HeartMate II (HMII) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is important for optimal pump function. This article describes our experience with cardiac computed tomography (CCT) to evaluate inflow cannula patency and predict future adverse outcomes (AE) after HMII LVAD implantation.

METHODS
Ninety-three patients underwent HMII LVAD implantation for end-stage cardiomyopathy from January 2010 until March 2014. A total of 25 consecutive patients had CCT after the implantation; 3 patients were excluded from the analysis due to associated abnormality of the outflow graft. The 22 patients with CCT after HMII LVAD were censored for adverse events related to LVAD malfunction after HMII LVAD implantation. The maximum percentage of inflow cannula obstruction on CCT was recorded. We analysed the predictive value of CCT in addition to other clinical and diagnostic variables for future AEs.

RESULTS
Seven of the 22 patients (32%) experienced AEs after HMII LVAD implantation. The degree of inflow cannula obstruction was higher in the group of patients who experienced an AE (70 vs 14%; P < 0.001). Inflow cannula obstruction >30% showed excellent correlation with AE longitudinally based on receiver operating curve (0.829). The group with AEs more frequently experienced CHF symptoms (P = 0.054).

CONCLUSIONS
Inflow cannula obstruction >30% on CCT predicts future adverse events in patients with HMII LVAD; the need for surgical intervention in terms of LVAD exchange or urgent listing for heart transplantation should be considered in good surgical risk patients. Cardiac computed tomography should be considered routinely postoperatively in patients with HMII LVAD.


The correction of scoliosis induced by pure lumbar flexion was compared with the correction with the so-called Boston Thoracic Brace. Ten patients with idiopathic scoliosis were studied. There were 11 primary curves (31 ± 6°) (mainly thoracic) and four secondary curves (22 ± 1°). Pure lumbar flexion reduced the primary curves by 6 ± 2° and the secondary curves by 8 ± 3°. The brace reduced the curves by 16 ±. 6° and 14'± 5°, respectively. Lumbar flexion per se produces a correction of the scoliosis of the same degree as the Milwaukee brace. Our results emphasize the importance of reduction of the lumbar lordosis in the conservative treatment of scoliosis.


Representative commercial hop extracts suffered no appreciable loss either of α- or β-acids or of bittering value when kept for 2 to 21 months in closed containers. Though there was loss of α- and β-acids on prolonged exposure of the extracts to air, it did not lead to a corresponding loss of bittering value.

Of a range of commercial isomerized extracts, most proved satsifactorily stable on storage. However, when large losses of iso-α-acids did occur they were accompanied by corresponding reductions in bittering value.

With reference to bittering compounds, there appeared to be no significant differences in the storage stability of beers bittered using hops or extracts of various types.


Abstract The condition in turkeys, commonly called crooked toes, is usually characterized by a lateral or medial deviation of either the second, third or fourth digit, and quite frequently more than one digit is involved. One or both feet may be affected. A recent survey of the frequency of crooked toes in commercial flocks of turkeys indicated this condition is widespread, occurring in all of 63 flocks surveyed (Supeene, 1971). Based on the results of this survey, the frequency of crooked toes was believed to be influenced by management with little influence of genetics and nutrition. A survey was made of the frequency of crooked toes in several medium and heavy weight lines maintained in genetic studies. A description of these lines was given by Nestor and Brown (1971). The occurrence of crooked toes in offspring obtained from four weekly hatches in April and May was recorded at 24 weeks of…


divisions. The entire Flora and Fauna of the Wealden formation lias a Jurassic character, and the relations of the Lymneen and Brackish-water deposits of the Wealden with the Marine beds of the Portland, afford evidence of the alternation of conditions which prevailed during the close of the Jurassic epoch. The plates which illustrate the Monograph are beautifully executed. The number of species amounts to 146, of which there are—


Abstract 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron (Rhododendron sp. L.) were grown in 2.5 1 (#1) containers and treated with foliar sprays of 50, 100, and 200 ppm or root-zone drenches of 2.5 (0.89), 5.0 (1.78), 10.0 (3.55), and 20.0 (7.10) ppm (mg ai/plant) of paclobutrazol immediately following completion of the first flush of annual shoot growth. Shoot lengths of the subsequent growth flush following treatment were decreased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as either a drench or foliar spray. Drenches were more effective in suppressing shoot length with less active ingredient than were foliar sprays. The number of flower buds per plant increased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as a drench but not as a foliar spray. The highest drench rate resulted in 8.0 flower buds/plant, a 240% increase over non-treated plants. No phytotoxicity was observed from any of the treatments; however, inflorescence diameter, measured the year following treatment, was slightly (<1.1 cm, <7.5%) redu...


This letter proposes a Doppler through-wall radar (TWR) positioning method based on the Hough transform of the extended Bezier model. First, the Hough transform based on the extended Bezier model is used to extract the interested target components from received echoes and estimate their instantaneous frequency (IF). Next, the real-time position of the target is estimated according to the Doppler processing. To improve the adaptability of the algorithm to different target trajectories, especially to solve the problem of asymmetric curve fitting, the proposed extended Bezier model can approach the practical IF curve by dynamically adjusting two parameters, which can not only keep the relatively low computational complexity but also significantly improve the positioning accuracy. Moreover, the proposed algorithm effectively solves the problem of "frequency ambiguity." The experimental results demonstrate and validate that the proposed algorithm is effective in the field of human sensing applications of Doppler radar.


Protecting immunosuppressed patients during infectious disease outbreaks is crucial. During this novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, preserving "clean areas" in hospitals assisting organ transplant recipients is key to protect them and to preserve transplantation activity. Evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers might transmit the SARS‐CoV‐2, challenging the implementation of transmission preventive strategies. We report a single‐center experience using universal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening for all inpatients and newly admitted patients to an Organ Transplant Unit located in a region with significantly high community‐based transmission.


Group competition is an important part of the general university sports work. It is an important way to implement the national fitness program and improve college students' physical quality. But the group competition is limited in the general university of Shaanxi province because of various reasons. This article researches the current status of group competition of general university in Shaanxi province through the questionnaire survey and expert visiting and so on. This article makes a detailed analysis of the factors which limit the wide development of group competition. At the same time,according to the existing problems,this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,which provide theoretical guidance for wide development of group competition. We hope these countermeasures can promote the healthy development of group competition of general university in the shaanxi province.


Zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the results of zinc-supplementation trials have not been consistent in improvement of pregnancies outcomes. This study was undertaken to investigate whether zinc supplementation was associated with pregnancy complications in Iranian women during the last 2 trimesters. It also assessed the anthropometric measurements of infants at birth. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Ardabil Province located in northwest of Iran. One-hundred ninty-six pregnant women between 16-20 weeks of gestation were recruited from urban healthcare centres. These women had no evidence of hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, history of prematurity, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or low birth weight (LBW) infants. They were randomly assigned to receive zinc (50 mg daily) or placebo until delivery. Basic information was collected on socioeconomic status, reproductive and disease histories before randomization. The subjects were monthly followed during pregnancy and maternal complications were carefully recorded. The weight, length and head circumference of each infant was measured within 24h of birth. Of the 196 women, 17 were excluded from the study (9 in the zinc group and 8 in the placebo group, NS). The supplementation had no significant effect on prematurity, preeclampcia, PROM and stillbirth as well as gestational age, infant length and head circumference. The incidence of low birth weight was significantly lower in those under Zinc than placebo (p = 0.01). Meanwhile, pregnancyinduced hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were observed only in the placebo group. The birth weight was also higher in the zinc group than that in the placebo group (p = 0.03). Supplementation with 50mg elemental zinc during pregnancy improved birth weight but did not reduce maternal complications.


We prove some geometric estimates for the equilibrium measure and the capacity of certain condensers. The proofs are based on the interpretation of the equilibrium measure as the distributional Laplacian of the corresponding potential, on a formula of T.Bagby, and on a method of Beurling and Nevanlinna that involves the transport of the Riesz mass of a superharmonic function.


Schor is to be congratulated on his excellent article on foster care and health1 and his emphasis on the major deficiencies that exist for foster children in our current health-care system. I am also pleased to see that there was such a strong commentary on this issue by Sokoloff.2 I would, however, like to differ with one of Sokoloff's conclusions, and that is that "Foster families should be encouraged to incorporate the foster child into their own health care system." In fact, this is what most foster families have done in the past and this practice has helped accentuate the current problem.


The radial direction equation in the Klein-Gordon equation is calculated numerically,the condition and energy level of Yukawa potential bound states are discussed,and the function images of radial direction is given.The calculation result shows that when the parameter is small,the particles are in the ground state,not easy to be excited.It is also shown that when the parameter is very small,the particle bound state does not exist,and with the increase of the parameters V0,some energy states of low angular momentum disappear.Our analysis indicates that this is a result of centrifugal potential.


The paper studied the synthesis of 2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl chitosan polyosequaternary ammonium salt from 3-chlorine-2-hydroxy propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride which is the modifier stem grafting chitosan.The effect of the sediment time,the amount of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt,pH value on the Kaolin suspending liquid flocculation was discussed.The result indicated that,when sediment time is 18 min,the amount of quaternary chitosan ammonium salt is 8 mg/L,pH=4,the flocculation effect is the best,the sewage turbidity value may fall to 1.2.


PurposeThis paper aims to increase protection behavior of epoxy coating on aluminum alloys with plasma electrolitic oxidation (PEO) process as pretreatment and to investigate the corrosion properties of duplex coating system on aluminum alloy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used micro structure study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigation, water uptake investigation and pull-off test.FindingsThis study was done to investigate the effect of urea as an additive, which alters the current density and time of process parameters in the protective performance of epoxy coating on the aluminum substrate. The protective behavior of double-layer coatings was examined using EIS in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. In addition, the adhesion strength of double-layer coatings was evaluated using pull-off test, and the results demonstrated that the adhesion strength of sample with higher content of urea and current density is about two times that of sample without PEO preparation.Originality/valueThe protective properties and adhesion strength of epoxy coating can be increased with PEO pretreatment.


This paper is refer to generation of electricity by the rotation of wind Power and the wind is caused due to movement of the train.the electricity will produced through the wind power as train runs over the railtrack.alternative form of wind energy produced through train is unique and it will be used to to provide power to various load connected.


We have developed a generalized electrokinetic model suitable for the study of microchannel flows with conductivity gradients and shallow channel depths. An asymptotic analysis was performed with channel depth-to-width ratio as the smallness parameter, and three dimensional transport equations are reduced to a set to depth-averaged equations governing flow dynamics in the streamwise-spanwise plane of a shallow channel. The momentum equation uses a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer type formulation, and the convective-diffusive transport of the conductivity field in the depth direction manifests itself as a dispersion effect on in-plane motion. Accuracy of the model was assessed by comparing the numerical results with direct numerical simulations. These depth-averaged equations provide the accuracy of three-dimensional modeling with a convenient quasi-two-dimensional equation set applicable to a fairly wide class of microfluidic devices.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


African American girls are more likely to experience social barriers in a society that values White over Black, men over women, and wealth over poverty. They are more likely to encounter race, class, and gender discrimination in classrooms, curriculum, and pedagogy putting them at grave risk of school failure. Notwithstanding the deficit research approach, African American girls are invisible in both social theory and educational research. Their virtual absence from existing research is the catalyst for this autoethnographic study of the lived experiences of African American girls in the Girls to Women group at an urban high school. In this research, Critical Race Theory (CRT) is employed as a theoretical lens providing a useful framework for examining how race and gender combine to shape African American girls' school experiences. CRT authenticates critical raced epistemologies by celebrating methodological approaches that acknowledge experiences of oppression and validates them as appropriate forms of data. The girls' counterstories reveal very prevalent themes: they all desired to belong; they all felt that they were scrutinized by teachers and administrators; they all discussed inherent challenges of being a Black female in our society; and they all were influenced by their family dynamic ranging from absent fathers to othermothers, as widely respected staples in Black culture. Based on these themes, the research offers recommendations for teacher to embrace critical pedagogy, challenging them to deconstruct traditional teacher/student roles by creating inviting spaces for learning by legitimizing life experiences of students of color. Recommendations for administrators include a call to mandate meaningful professional development for new and veteran teachers and to encourage the creation and maintenance of peer like groups so that students of color have a place to belong. Implications for further research are based on the failure of traditional mainstream educational scholarship to provide a useful paradigm to examine the realities of African American girls and for research that speaks to the resiliency and strength of them as an antidote. Further research should be concerned with the knowledge of African American girls, who constructs understanding of their experiences, and how this knowledge is validated or not validated. THEY, THOSE, AND OTHER PRONOUNS USED TO DESCRIBE THEM: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN GIRLS IN THE GIRLS TO WOMEN GROUP A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Approved: ____________________________________________ Dr. Nicholas J. Pace, Chair ___________________________________________ Dr. Dewitt Jones, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Stephanie Logan, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Charles McNulty, Committee Member


In recent years, China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education has developed into great dimensions while producing a lot of problems. Now cause of rapid development, Disciplinary Location, Training Objectives and Curriculum require study. Firstly, the paper points out the scope and general process of Digital Media Design through an analysis of properties of digital media industry. Secondly, the paper studies the current status of Digital Media Design-related undergraduate education from the policy of Chinese Ministry of Education and the practice of representative universities. Through questionnaire survey of Digital Media Designers from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the paper points out the problems of China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education. Finally, paper brings forward the right direction of new system of China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education.


: This article examines Henry Ossawa Tanner's complex sense of his own racial identity. Tanner's con fl ict was born of the fact that in his personal adult life he walked a fragile line between his whiteness and his blackness; in France, he systematically worked to remove race from the equation of his life. The author also identi fi es for the fi rst time the source of his best-known painting, The Banjo Lesson .


COACH (COrrective Advice Communicated by Humans), a new interactive learning framework that allows non-expert humans to shape a policy through corrective advice, using a binary signal in the action domain of the agent, is proposed. One of the main innovative features of COACH is a mechanism for adaptively adjusting the amount of human feedback that a given action receives, taking into consideration past feedback. The performance of COACH is compared with the one of TAMER (Teaching an Agent Manually via Evaluative Reinforcement), ACTAMER (Actor-Critic TAMER), and an autonomous agent trained using SARSA(?) in two reinforcement learning problems. COACH outperforms all other learning frameworks in the reported experiments. In addition, results show that COACH is able to transfer successfully human knowledge to agents with continuous actions, being a complementary approach to TAMER, which is appropriate for teaching in discrete action domains.


In the case that sample data are insufficient to determine probability distributions of random variables,a novel reliability model is presented on the basis of evidence theory.For the original random variable with m sample data,a matching variable with(m+1) sample data is constructed and the(m+1) sample data form m sub-intervals that each sub-interval exactly only involves a sample datum of the original random variable,and then the basic probability assignment(BPA) for each sub-interval can be determined.For a failure mode of a structure with n-dimensional random variables,the BPAs of n-dimensional random variables can be synthesized by using the combination rule of Dempster,on which The belief measure of the structural failure F,Bel(F),and the plausibility measure of F,PI(F),can be uniquely determined.Further,the failure probability can be approximated by using Bel(F) and PI(F) as the upper and lower limits.The examples show that the presented model uses the information involved in the sample data sufficiently,thus it can rationally measure the safety of the structure.


The former grassroots post of Sichuan in the period of late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China,though it was situated in the remote western area,still could go with the country's spring tide in substituting for the ancient post with postal service.And it also has perfect organization,developed business and characteristic administration.This provides us an important window to have deeper understanding on the modern postal service of China.


When stock 16 sensitives are exposed to kappa particles of stock 7, the kappa particles enter food vacuoles in large numbers. The kappa quickly break down, R bodies unroll and penetrate the cytoplasm, food vacuole membranes show a general breakdown, and the formation of new food vacuoles is suppressed. The observations suggest that R body unrolling is important in the toxic activity and that the food vacuole membranes may be a major site of action of the toxin.


A knowledge, attitude, belief, and practices survey was given to a sample of 591 residents of St. Lucia in the fall of 1990. The survey posed a host of questions relating to whether respondents were inclined to use condoms when having sex. Respondents were sexually experienced, aged 15-60 years, and interviewed in their homes. Questions were posed and viewed as possible indicators of AIDS knowledge, cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived locus of control, normative pressure, and condom use outcome expectancies. Statistical analysis suggests that each variable is related to condom use. Analysis also indicates that perceived normative pressure to use condoms was by far the single most important determinant of condom use among the sample. The author closes by discussing the implications of these findings for designing mass media campaigns to increase condom use and strongly recommends a normative campaign.


ABSTRACT The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) affects the evolution of the interactions between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake in China and water diversions from the river, which are essential to water resources management in this large river–lake system. Due to the lack of up-to-date and detailed channel topographic/bathymetric data, a simplified flow model based on rating curves was developed to simulate discharges in the river system, and to further quantify and differentiate the contributions of river erosion and flow regulation of the TGR at a seasonal scale. The results indicate that the effect of channel alteration counteracts the effect of reservoir regulation in the high-flow periods. The impacts of TGR regulation on water diversions for both pre- and post-flood seasons were significant, but no obvious changes in the discharge diversion ratios were observed on an annual time scale.


Zn powder is found to catalyze the Friedel-Crafts acyla- tion of aromatic compounds with acyl halides efficiently under mi- crowave irradiation in solvent-free conditions. Activated substrates undergo acylation predominantly at the para-position. The Zn pow- der can be re-used up to six times after simple washing with diethyl ether and dilute HCl.


Tidal wetland reclamation is one of the best methods to keep the arable land amount stable in coastal areas of China. The tidal wetland in the Pearl River estuary has been mainly reclaimed into crop land and meanwhile served as one of the main ultimate sinks for large amount of heavy metals discharged from the rapidly developing economic Pearl River Delta. But the wetland soil environmental quality and its effect on reclamation was known little. The heavy metal distribution in tidal wetland soils was investigated through detailed field sampling and AAS measurement. Average concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd from127 surface soil samples were 305.4, 80.3, 70.2, 69.4, 35.1 and 3.98 mg·kg-1 respectively. The heavy metal concentrations varied with different types of wetland, and their distributions were controlled by local sewage outlet, reclamation, location on tidal flat and the content of soil clay. The wetland soils were significantly polluted by Cd, Zn and Ni, which would result in ecological risk for the current reclamation.


Abstract Using the NDVI ratio method, the authors extracted phenological parameters from NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time-series data (1982–2008). The start of the growing season (SOS) and the date of maximum NDVI (Peak-t) correlated significantly with the mean annual precipitation along regional gradients of the steppes. Along the south transect (located at a lower latitude with a higher annual mean temperature) there was a positive correlation between the end of the growing season (EOS) and the mean annual precipitation along precipitation gradients (R2 = 0.709, p < 0.0001). However, along the north transect (located at higher latitude with lower annual mean temperature), the EOS was slightly negatively related with the mean annual precipitation (R2 = 0.179, p < 0.1). There was positive correlation between the length of the growing season and the annual precipitation along two transects (R2 = 0.876, p < 0.0001 for the south transect; R2 = 0.290, p < 0.01 for the north transect). Thus, for the Inner Mongolian steppe, it is precipitation rather than temperature that determines the date of the SOS.


The technical, commercial and cultural aspects of the advent of sound in the cinemas of several nations have been widely researched in work on that epoch. This article focuses on another facet of t...


Objective
To explore the effect of keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) on the lung tissue and expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in newborn rats with hyperoxia.

Methods
The 108 newborn SD rats were randomly divided into air group, hyperoxia group and KGF intervention group, and each group had 36 rats.The rats in every group were randomly divided into the 3, 7, 14 days subgroups, and each group had 12 rats.The rats in the hyperoxia group and KGF intervention group were continually exposed to more than 950 mL/L of oxygen box until the end of the experiment.KGF intervention group simultaneously undertook oxygen inhalation, hypodermic injection of 1 mg/d recombinant human KGF(rhKGF) on the back on the first 3 days and 0.5 mg/d 3 days later till the end of the experiment.Air group and hyperoxia group were offered equivalent 9 g/L saline.The rats in the air group took air.The sub-groups of the 3, 7 and 14 days were cut for lung tissue in the corresponding time, observing lung tissue by light microscope for pathological changes and TGF-β1 protein expressed in the lungs was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Air group sprout pulmonary alveolus on the 7th day, and the alveolaration finished on the 14th day, while hyperoxia group had alveolar growth retardation and pulmonary fibrosis, but pulmonary fibrosis was not obvious in KGF intervention group.There was a significant difference on 7th day and 14th day between hyperoxia group and air group in TGF-β1(9.43±0.64 vs 8.62±0.52, P 0.05). There's a significant difference on 7th day and 14th day between hyperoxia group and KGF intervention group in TGF-β1(all P<0.05).

Conclusions
KGF can inhibit the protein expression of TGF-β1, and this may be one of the possible mechanism underlying the protective effect of KGF against lung injury.

Key words:
Keratinocyte growth factor; Transforming growth factor-β1; Lung injury


Background. To evaluate whether the doppler flow velocity waveforms reflect the fetal hematocrit and to assess the changes of the umbilical artery doppler indices before and after the puncture of the umbilical cord.


We report on the electrical and electroluminescence properties of four different layers based on Er-doped silicon oxide (or nitride) with (or without) silicon nanocrystals. Electrical measurements have allowed us to identify that samples composed by silicon nitride matrices present a Poole-Frenkel-type conduction, whereas those ones formed by silicon oxide matrices show a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism. In addition, infrared power efficiency at 1.54 μm has shown to be two orders of magnitude larger for Er-doped silicon oxide layers than for Er-doped silicon nitrides. Moreover, an interesting trade off between power efficiency at 1.54 μm and device operation lifetime has been observed by comparing both Er-doped silicon oxides and Er-doped silicon nitride layers.


A program is presented that solves crystal structures completely using Patterson function, symmetry minimum function, atomic minimum superposition and advanced Fourier methods. The program works most efficiently for structures with one or several heavier atoms in the asymmetric unit.


Background and Objectives: Numerous prospective randomized studies demonstrate the effectiveness of simple preoperative anxiety intervention in improving surgery outcomes as measured by decreased anxiety, decreased pain and reduced need for pain medications. The objective of study is to find out the effect of simple preoperative anxiety intervention on postoperative pain. Patients and Methods: : A sample of 300 patients who were admitted in general surgery units of two teaching hospitals ( Rezgari& Hawler) in Erbil city from 5 April 2009 to the 10 November 2009 were allocated randomly into two groups; 150 patients received preoperative anxiety intervention before surgery (which includes giving information about surgery, anesthesia and post operative management of pain) and another 150 patients as a control group received no intervention. The assessment tool included a special questionnaire about socio-demographic information and the anxiety level was measured before surgery by state-trait anxiety inventory scale of Spilberger which includes 20 items while measurement of pain score was obtained during 48 hours after surgery by visual analog scale (VAS) which is composed of a (10 cm) horizontal line. Results: : The patients in intervention group showed low pain scores; the Mean score and standard deviation of VAS scale for intervention group was (4.47±0.692) while for control group the Mean score and standard deviation was (6.55±1.121). Conclusions: : based on the results of the study the investigators conclude that giving information to patient before surgery can reduce the preoperative anxiety level which leads to decrease postoperative pain level.


Interfacial reactions and fractal formation in amorphous Ge (a-Ge)/Au films have been studied by plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations. The difference between the Ge crystallization temperatures of a-Ge/polycrystalline and a-Ge/single crystal Au films was found to be about 120°C. The fractal dimension of the Ge crystallites in a-Ge/ polycrystalline Au films was proportional to the Au grain size. The grain boundaries of the polycrystalline Au films and the surface of single crystal Au films were found to be the initial nucleation sites of Ge. In situ high-resolution electron microscopy observations showed successive nucleation of Ge at Au grain boundaries near fractal tips. The crystallization process was noted to be diffusioncontrolled and a random successive nucleation and growth mechanism is proposed to explain fractal formation. The large difference in the Ge crystallization temperatures of a-Ge/polycrystalline and a-Ge/single crystal Au films, and the morphology c...


Dr. Potts (June 20 p1531) refers to the Drs. Hamlin and the fistula repair service in Ethiopia. Every year for the past 23 years I have acted as locum for this service and have also taken part in rural health care. Ethiopia is a vast country with much fertile land--60% of the country is arable with only 11% being cultivated. Underpopulation means that people are isolated within their own country--an Ethiopian is on average 2 1/2 days walk from an all-weather road. Scarcity of people makes transport and communication difficult. The obstetric history of patients attending the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital shows that the stillbirth rate for labor-causing fistula was 92.7% and that over 70% of these women have no living children. Such women are desperate for children. They and all women need the kind of total health care (curative and preventative) provided by hospitals like Attat in a rural area of Ethiopia. The preventative programs in that hospital and its community have incorporated better education especially for women better antenatal care better use of available resources such as traditional birth attendants and other health care workers and the use of maternity waiting areas. These areas are a type of hostel built close to the hospital where women thought to be at risk are advised by the health care team to reside in the last few weeks of pregnancy. Difficulties of travel and consequent delay are avoided when urgent management of labor is needed. In 1982-90 in the areas covered by Attat health care programs there has been a striking reduction in crude birthrate from 38 to 16.6/1000 population and in fertility rate from 159 to 77/1000 fertile women. These decreases are due to an immunization program with more children surviving and to the use of natural family planning. This method which is acceptable to the people is taught in the womens groups in the villages. (full text) (4 references cited in original document)


Antifungal activity assay of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant Andrographis paniculata revealed that it exhibits mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and spore germination inhibition of Alternaria solani. Pure andrographolide present in the methanol extract also exhibited spore germination inhibition of A. solani. Quantitative estimation of andrographolide in the methanol extract by HPLC revealed that it had 6.82% andrographolide in it. This is probably the first report on the antifungal activity of andrographolide.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:A huge barrier to implement computational pathology grading constitutes great effort of manual patch annotation within digitized tissue images for training and validation...


The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of thread affinity on computing performance for matrix factorization on shared memory multicore systems with hierarchical memory. We consider two parallel block matrix factorizations (LU and WZ) and employ thread affinity to improve their performance. We study decomposition without pivoting and we compare differences between various affinity strategies for diagonally dominant matrices. Our results show that the choice of thread affinity has the measurable impact on the performance of the matrice factorizations.


We assessed whether the effects of physical training on heat balance are followed by hypothalamic activation induced by exercise. After physical training (8 weeks), trained (T) and untrained (UT) Wistar rats were submitted to graded running until fatigue while body (Tb) and tail (Ttail) temperatures were recorded. Workload (W), body heating rate (BHR), heat storage (HS) and Tb threshold for tail vasodilation (TTbV) were determined. Afterwards, c‐Fos immunohistochemistry was conducted in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), medial preoptic nucleus (MPO) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). T animals had a 110% increase in W (p < 0.01), however, animals from both groups had similar increases in Tb and Ttail during exercise. A reduction of 0.6°C in TTbV was shown by T animals (p < 0.01), being possibly responsible for the lower BHR (0.019 ± 0.002 °C.min‐1, T vs 0.030 ± 0.005 °C, UT, p < 0.05) and ratio between HS and W (18.18 ± 1.65 cal/Kgm, T vs 31.38 ± 5.35 cal/Kgm, UT, p < 0.05). Physical training increased by 112%, 90% and 65% neuronal activation in the PVN, MPO and MnPO after running, respectively (p < 0.01), which was directly associated with W (PVN: r = 0.97; MPO: r = 0.86; MnPO: r = 0.77, p < 0.05). The data indicate that physical training enhances neuronal activation induced by exercise in these nuclei, related with improvement of exercise performance and probably with heat loss enhancement.


The research "Monopolistic trend analysis in the context of efficient entrepreneurial decision making" provides a multi – perspective description of the nature, the occurrence sources, the development procedure and the internal conjuncture specifics of the present day monopolisation process as well as providing an example of modern econometrical method application within a unified framework of market competition analysis for the purpose of conducting a quantitative competition evaluation on an industry – level, resulting in applicable outcomes, suited for both private and public actors in terms of investment/entrepreneurial activity strategic analysis for the former and policy/regulatory action planning for the latter. The main scope of the aforementioned research is devoted to developing and consequential further enhancement of monopolistic tendencies' detecting and quantitative analysis practices, while simultaneously considering the broader context of market power phenomenon, its specifics, influence and effects. The introduced methodology shall be structured in a coherently – comprehensive manner, enabling a constituent analytical basis for detecting a possibly monopolistic market trend through both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of individual market power distribution between the suppliers, involved in economic activities within a defined relevant market.


《Tan Xiang Xing》 is the beginning of Mo yan' s folk-writing, which can be seen in There are also many folk's characters writing in lots of important novels of Mo yan' s before 《Tan Xiang Xing》, which can be seen in the angles of language style, narrating style, narrating visual and writing techniques etc. in his novels.


Intuition enables individuals to develop an understanding of the structure of complex systems. In interior design many decisions are reached intuitively even though the process of formulating solutions may be argued rationally. Intuition is intrinsically intertwined with our collateral experiences, memories, and implicit thought. Design intuition draws on our entire experience, not only on what we consciously isolate as relevant information. In education we prohibit students from relying on their intuition and require solutions based on pure reason. The author of this paper argues for bringing intuitive decision making back into interior design as a legitimate design tactic.


Chondrodystrophia, followed by Normal Development.-C. W. VINING, M.D.-M. lM., female, aged 11 years, first seen at the age of 4' years, on account of backward development. Did not begin to walk until 4 years old; although she could say single words at 18 months, speech at age of 412 was still indistinct; her habits were clean from an early age. First teeth were cut normally, but most of them had fallen out before she was 3 years old. During the past few montlhs the mother had noticed intermittent swelling of abdomen and face, always ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. :.:.'::_I............. .


Context  Many medical courses use standards‐based assessment, usually reported by a restricted range of categories, but there is little evidence of its educational impact. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on medical student learning of changing to standards‐based assessments reported by distinction, pass or fail.


From international nuclear industries fair; Basel, Switzerland (16 Oct 1972). The equipment which is necessary for the operation of the sodium installations has reached an industrial point and has stood the test of experience. The common characteristic is to be able to work continuously in a sodium temperature of 600 deg C, this value being the present temperature level for the installations built for the development of fast reactors cooled with sodium. Two kinds of equipment are examined: the electromagnetic pumps and the measuring apparatus. (auth)


Introduction: Intravesical chemotherapy instillation immediately after tumor resection is a well-known practice in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Despite being largely well tolerated in most cases, it is not devoid of severe and life-threatening complications. Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of bladder perforation that happened 2 weeks after bladder tumor resection. The patient had received single dose intra-vesical instillation of doxorubicin after TUR-BT. Conservative managements failed to achieve bladder healing; as a result, open surgical repair was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bladder perforation after intra-vesical doxorubicin instillation. Conclusion: The occurrence of such a rare serious complication in a mostly safe intervention must be taken into consideration. A high index of suspicion, timely management, and proceeding to more invasive surgical treatments when necessary are cornerstones in the management and preserving the bladder.


Currently, all countries in the world are competing in mastering technology, especially defense technology. Such as America and European countries that compete in the development of defense technology. Various strategies are carried out by all countries in the world to master technology. One strategy that is widely used by every country in the world in mastering technology is the Offset mechanism when purchasing Alpalhankam, including Indonesia. Currently, in mastering technology, Indonesia has implemented a defense offset mechanism through the purchase of defense equipment (Tier 1) such as submarines and fighter aircraft. Indeed, in the purchase of defense equipment, the transfer of mastery of technology includes the main components (Tier 2) and supporting components (Tier 3). However, many of these components are purchased from abroad outside of the purchase of Alutsista for the maintenance of the Alutsista that we already have but have not implemented the Offset strategy, this paper discusses the efficiency of the offset mechanism for purchasing components (Tier 2 and Tier 3) which are carried out outside the purchase of Alutsista (Tier 1 ) by sharpening and optimizing the existing regulations, the discussion is carried out through a review of the Literature Review


Abstract Iron deficiency causes disbalance of other micro- and macroelements that leads to disruption of the exchange of most micronutrients and development of characteristic clinical symptoms. Interaction and correlation between trace elements and haematological parameters is still not clear. Aim. To investigate the relationship between haematological parameters, biochemical markers of iron metabolism and trace elements in children under 3 years with Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA). Materials and Methods. Investigation comprises 86 patients from 0 to 3 years of age with clinical and laboratory signs of IDA. 38 children-patients are of the University Hospital, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria – I group, and 48 are patients of the Sumy Regional Child's Clinical Hospital, Sumy, Ukraine – II group. Comparison group includes 25 healthy children at the same age. Haematological parameters and the red cell indices were examined by analyzer MICROS – 18 (ABX). The serum erythropoietin (sEPO) and ferritin (sFR) levels were determined by ELISA. Serum content of trace elements was determined


Objective
To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on phosphorylation of connexin 43 (Cx43) at Ser368 (Cx43 Ser368) in ventricular myocardium in isolated hearts of diabetic rats.

Methods
Twenty-four clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3 months, weighing 180-220 g, were used in this study.The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin 60 mg/kg.The hearts were rapidly excised and retrogradely perfused with K-H solution saturated with 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37 ℃ in a Langendorff apparatus.Sixteen Langendorff-perfused diabetic hearts were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table method: diabetes mellitus group (group D) and sevoflurane group (group DS). Another 8 Langendorff-perfused normal hearts of rats were selected and served as control group (group C). After 15 min equilibration with K-H solution, the hearts were continuously perfused for 30 min with K-H solution in group C and group D and with K-H solution saturated with 2.5% sevoflurane in group DS.S1S2 program-controlled stimulation was performed at the end of perfusion, the occurrence of induced ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and the maximal pacing cycle length (PCL) of induced VA were recorded, and conduction velocity (CV) was calculated.The expression of phosphorylated Cx43 at Ser368 (p-Cx43 Ser368) in ventricular myocytes was determined by Western blot.

Results
Compared with group C, the incidence of induced VA was significantly increased, the maximal PCL of induced VA was prolonged, the CV was decreased, and the expression of p-Cx43 Ser368 was up-regulated in group D (P<0.05). Compared with the incidence of induced VA was significantly decreased, the maximal PCL of induced VA was shortened, the CV was increased, and the expression of p-Cx43 Ser368 was down-regulated in group DS (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The mechanism by which sevoflurane stabilizes the ventricular electrical conduction is associated with decreasing the phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser368 in diabetic rats.

Key words:
Anesthetics, inhalation; Diabetes mellitus; Connexins


Objective: This study examined the utility of living room and church-based small group educational sessions on breast cancer and mammography, for under-served Latinas in North Carolina, USA. Design: Non-randomised, single arm design. Setting: A total of 329 self-selected Latinas participated in 31 small group educational classes in church and home locations in rural and urban settings, and underwent pre- and post-intervention testing of knowledge about breast cancer and mammography. Method: Participants completed educational surveys at baseline before intervention (329), immediately after intervention (329) and 3 months after intervention (223 participants). Results: Misconceptions still exist about breast cancer risk, prevalence and mammography use among Latinas, with the greatest knowledge deficit being in the domain of risk factors. Increases of knowledge were achieved when compared to baseline measures as a result of the interventions described in this paper, which were retained at 3 months re-testing. Many eligible women were not receiving mammograms due to financial barriers. Conclusions: Education sessions of the kind described in this paper are useful in enhancing retained knowledge in breast cancer education for US Latinas.


Research on landslide has been developed recently because it may endanger human life. Landslide is the movement of rock, detritus, or soils caused by the action of gravity. Landslides are influenced by several factors such as ground slope, degree of rainfall, land cover (ground layers), and the vibration around the slopes. From these factors, tilt detection sensors and soil moisture sensor have been developed to detect landslide failure. These sensors mounted so that it can detect the occurrence of landslides. The study was conducted on a container which contains the sloping ground. Landslide, slope processes, and soil humidity were investigated in this container. MMA8451Q accelerometer was used as a tilt sensor to detect the acceleration assembled in MEMS (Micro Mechanical System) technology since it is easily available, mass- produced, inexpensive, and high-precision output data. Landslide simulator has been developed hence the process leading to landslide event can be directly analyzed without the need of real life occurrence of landslides. The simulator was made from glass with size 80 cm × 20 cm × 40 cm that was filled by soil. Based on the simulation results, there were changes on accelerometer and soil moisture data during the landslide occurrence.


This paper intends to empirically examine the impact of Image and Service Value on Mobile Banking Services Loyalty. The data was analysed by employing exploratory as well as confirmatory analysis and a Structural Equation Model was extracted from 120 Portuguese respondents. The results suggest that Image and Service Value are positively related with Mobile Banking Loyalty. We also found a strong impact of Image on the Perceived Service Value.


ABSTRACT We developed a white blood cell detection system using Color Histogram method. The images which are taken automatically by a servo motor consist of the red blood cells and the white blood cells. The white blood cells' positions are detected based on their RGB color intensities. The main target of the system is to detect the location of the white blood cells in a given blood cell pictures.


Currently,more and more aging of the population in china is the largest population,economic and social problem.Launching and organizing the aging people take part in proper sports,protecting the rights of the old people,meeting their sports requirements,all these can improve the healthy of the old people and help them delay aging,prevent and control the heal senile chronic diseases.And so on are really of great significance.There are lots of problems,such as economic cost,spare time,sports space,if we want to meet the sports requirements of the aging.Therefore,this study takes public service as view to research and explore the restriction factors and countermeasures.We should improve sports public service of Government and construct mechanism of protecting the rights of the aging,changing the style of the development of sports from special preference to generalized preferences.Thus we can response the challenge from the aging of the population,building a harmonious society and raising happiness of the old people.


The effects of nutrient deficiencies on three pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L. y Pinus halepensis Mill.) are studied in this work. Seeds were planted in a mixture of peat and perlita. When the seedlings reached an adequate size, they were transplanted to hydroponic culture and grown for 4 months (April - July, 1998). Nutrient solutions lacking N, P, K, and Fe, and a control solution were used. During this period, morphological attributes (height, diameter, needles length, and dry weight of shoot and root) and physiological attributes (chlorophyll and nutrient content of needles) were measured, as well as visual symptoms produced by the nutrient deficiencies. Differences were observed depending on the lacking nutrient and the pine species. Nutrient deficiencies affected morphological and physiological attributes and caused growth decrease and visual symptoms. Nevertheless, these effects reached different importance depending on the lacking nutrient and pine species. For example, Fe deficiency caused the greatest and quickest effects, whereas K deficiency hardly affected. Deficiencies effects were greater in shoot growth than in root growth. P. pinaster was the most affected pine species.


Objective To investigate the curative effects of warfarin and aspirin during anticoagulant treatment in patients with severe heart failure complicating persistent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods The patients(n=89) were retrospectively chosen and divided, according to CHADS2 scoring, HAS-BLED scoring and different anticoagulant drug administrating, into research group(n=43) treated with warfarin and control group(n=46) treated with aspirin. The incidence rates of ischemia events(including ischemic stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack and peripheral arterial embolism) and hemorrhagic events(including intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding and urinary bleeding) were compared between 2 groups. Results The incidence rates of ischemic stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack and peripheral arterial embolism decreased significantly in research group compared with control group(4.65% vs. 15.22%, 11.63% vs. 21.74% and 2.33% vs. 8.69%, all P0.05). The incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding and urinary bleeding were, respectively, 2.33% vs. 2.17%, 9.30% vs. 10.86% and 9.30% vs. 8.69% in research group and control group(P0.05). After following up for 1 y, the sudden death rate was, respectively, 6.98% vs. 6.52% in research group and control group(P0.05). Conclusion According to CHADS2 scoring and HAS-BLED scoring, warfarin can reduce the incidence of ischemia events and not increase that of hemorrhagic events in patients with severe heart failure complicating permanent AF.


We show that direct-sum cancellation can fail for modules in a single genus, over commutative noetherian rings of dimension 1. The example provides an application of noncommutative methods (including "wild representation type") to commutative ring theory. Let A be a module-finite algebra over a commutative ring R. We say that a A-module N is in the genus of M, and write N E gen(M), if Nm -Mm (as Am-modules) for all maximal ideals m of R. (In this paper "module" means "finitely generated left module", unless the contrary is stated.) We say that cancellation holds in gen(M) if (0. 1) L D X -N X > L N when L , N , X E gen(M). In [GL '90] it was shown that, if A is a commutative noetherian ring of Krull dimension 1 without nilpotent elements, then cancellation holds in every genus of A-modules. We give an example showing that this can fail if A has nilpotent elements. In our example, the abelian groups (A, +) and (M, +) are free of finite rank; and the example shows that such failure of cancellation is quite common in this situation. The example makes use of the notion of wild representation type to transfer a noncommutative example of Swan (involving totally definite quaternion algebras) to this commutative situation. 1. Notation. Let A be a commutative Z-algebra such that the abelian group (A, +) is free of finite rank. Suppose that some maximal ideal m of the artinian ring A = QA requires at least three generators and A/mr Q. Such a A has Krull dimension 1 because it is integral over Z. 2 For example, we can take A = Z[x, y, z]/(x, y, z) 2. Theorem. There is a A-module M such that (M, +) is free of finite rank and cancellation does not hold in gen(M). Proof. The Q-algebra A = QA has wild representation type, by which we mean that there is a representation equivalence D: F -+ Y, from a full subcategory Received by the editors April 24, 1989 and, in revised form, August 8, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 13C05, 16A64. The authors were partially supported by NSF grants DMS 8901492, 8620430, and 8944436. i 1990 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/90 $1.00 + $.25 per page


The worldview of the Tudor Protestants was, for the most part, ambiguous. This chapter surveys the transition from strong views on fixed cosmic and social order to an ambivalent accommodation of traditional fixity with a strong emphasis on God's will as the determining principle behind all order. It is in the writings of the Protestant divines that we witness a shift in paradigms from cosmic necessity to world as will. The medieval concept of order and hierarchy was largely impersonal and apprehended by reason and observation. Edwardian England retained the concept of social rank and station. Within the early part of this book is a justification for social stratification on the grounds of a rational order in nature. The preference for divine will over impersonal order was characteristic of practically the whole Protestant tradition and Puritans and Separatists generally ignored the medieval metaphysic altogether for a method of biblical proofs.Keywords: Edwardian England; Protestant tradition; Puritanism; separatism; Tudor England


This is a theft-proofed Christmas tree used in oil production. It is anti-theft valve connected by four big and small sets of anti-theft bar clasp in proper order. The anti-theft valve makes the valve stem design as dumbbell-shaped. Each step is designed at the top and bottom circle,and in the internal thread-cutting trapezoid screw, and in the middle cutting through sinusoidal curve. After fixing hand wheel, flat key, bearing gland, plane and bearing, the anti-theft valve meshs along with cut, and then screw into valve stem through internal hole, and fits it to valve bonnet, after fixing the bearing cap is screwed down by holding screw, and lug of the holding screw is filed by rasper with no trace. The sliding pin device is installed in the bottom of valve nut corresponding place, when the valve is closed, the sliding pin auto run into the circular aperture through spring in behind to limit the valve opening. The two end of anti-theft bar clasp is made to rut of nut, the nut of bar clasp is designed to pentagon, which only is detached by special tool from factory. The four-way is processed to sleeve screw in the internal hole, and direct connects with sleeve of shaft top.


In order to clarify the secondary flow pattern which appears in curved rectangular channels, flow visualization is made in a fully developed laminar flow. The channels have aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.5, curvature ratios ranging from 5 to 8 and a width of 20mm. From the experimental results the developing process of secondary flow vortices becomes clear. At a retarded layer near the outer concave wall, additional counter rotating pairs of vortices are observed. The critical Dean number takes the minimum and maximum values at the aspect ratios of about 1 and 2, respectively. The critical Dean number increases rapidly with decreasing aspect ratio when it is smaller than 1.


NEW MATERIAL: The compound of formula (R 1 is alkyl, methoxy-carbonylmethyl or the like; X is halogen or hydroxyl; R 2 is 4, 5, 6 and 7 membered (substituted) heterocycle having 1 or more N, S, etc., in the heterocyclic ring; R 3 is H, acetyl or the like). EXAMPLE: 1-[pyridoxylidene]-2-[2'-pyridyl] hydrazine. USE: Preventives or remedies for malaria. Useful for therapy of lung cancer, melanoma and cancer in mammals. PROCESS: The compound consisting of pyridoxylidene derivative [pyridoxylarylhydrazone] of real hydrazine is obtained by allowing an adequately substituted hydrazine to react with a pyridoxyl. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


After a brief overview of the historical background, the main object of this chapter is to analyse the type of relationship that have been developed between the government, at its different levels, and the non-profit organisations, in the recent years, and the consequences of these new relationship on the traditional functions of non-profit organisations


OBJECTIVE: Using angiography, this study examined left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or congenital atrial septal defects (ASD), to provide data that might aid the design of new LAA-occluding devices to prevent cardioembolism and stroke in patients with AF. METHODS: Patients with AF or ASD were enrolled. The LAA was visualized angiographically; its dimensions were measured and the emptying fraction was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients with AF and 30 patients with ASD were included in the study. LAA morphology was classified into eight categories. The majority of patients with AF had tube-shaped LAAs with a single lobe; the most common LAA morphologies in patients with ASD were irregular or sphere-like, with multiple lobes. Patients with AF had significantly larger LAAs with significantly lower emptying fractions compared with LAAs of patients with ASD. CONCLUSIONS: The LAA demonstrated considerable morphological variability in terms of its size, shape and number of lobes. The design of new occluding devices must take into account the size and shape of the LAA in patients with AF.


This paper investigates the stability properties of Jaimovich and Rebelo (2009)'s news-driven business cycle model. In doing so, this paper adopts expectational stability (\E-stability") as a natural criterion for rationality: plausible equilibria should arise from an adaptive learning formulation where agents form forecasts from a correctly specied model whose parameters are updated in real time. In examining the model's stability properties, I nd that when agents do not observe current state variables when forming expectations, the rational expectations equilibrium (REE) is not learnable for some parameter values capable of generating news-driven recessions. However, stronger informational assumptions regarding the timing of expectations and outcomes can facilitate E-stability.


CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES Club Feet. —Boehm1carefully studied the normal human embryo foot at two, three and four months and found interesting parallels to the shape of the club foot. For comparison he prepared the club feet of a 7 months old fetus after the method of Hans Virchow, preserving the topographic position of the bones as they were in the original specimen. The comparison showed that the marked right-sided clubfoot had a great similarity to the embryonic foot of the fifth or sixth week and that the lighter left-sided clubfoot was almost a reflected image of the embryonic foot of the twelfth week. Boehm concluded that the congenital clubfoot represented an arrested development. Congenital Dislocation of the Hip Joint. —Krida,2in discussing a series of thirty-one cases released from fixation dressings in children of an age group up to 3 years, said that twenty-eight might be considered to


It is known that there are two Nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension three and three Nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension four. The aim of the present paper is to prove that each of these Nilpotent Lie algebras can be obtained by some vector spaces, using Santilli's theory. AMS Subject Classification: 17B30.


An alternative flow-oriented convection algorithm is presented which acts as a replacement for the first-order accurate UPWIND scheme in three-dimensional scalar transport. The scheme, formally titled SUCCA3D (skew upwind corner convection algorithm 3D), attempts to follow local streamlines, thus directly reducing the multi-dimensional false diffusion of the conserved scalar. In a standard benchmark test of pure convection across a three-dimensional cavity the SUCCA3D scheme was found to compare favourably with alternative schemes such as UPWIND and the higher-order QUICK scheme. The results highlight the potential of the SUCCA3D code for the reduction of three-dimensional false diffusion of a scalar variable in convection-dominated flows.


Recent appraisals of historical geography range widely in their assessment of the field. Donald Meinig (1989), writing of 'The Historical Geography Imperative,' concludes: 'historical geography is not, has never been, just another item in the proliferating diversity of our grand enterprise. Rather, like physical and environmental geography, it is one of the foundations of the whole enterprise. In its own way historical geography encompasses and contributes to all of geography. Micheal Dear (1988) disagrees. In 'The postmodern challenge: Reconstructing human geography,' he states that historical geography is 'overde-termined,' and 'an empty concept' conveying 'few (if any) significant analytical distinctions …. He concludes that historical geography does 'little more than confirm what geography is about. Both writers agree on the pervasive and comprehensive nature of historical geography, but Dear sees this inclusiveness as more of a cincture, whereas Meinig conveys the fundamental and embracing understanding of geography inherent in the practice of historical geography.


A one group pre-test post-test pre experimental approach was adopted to evaluate the 'effectiveness of planned teaching programme on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique. The sample of the study comprised of 30 students studying in B.Sc degree students in a selected college. Simple random technique was used to draw the sample. A structured closed ended questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge level and an observation checklist to evaluate the skill concerning CPR technique of the degree students to evaluate the effectiveness of PTP. Reliability (r = 0.88) of the tool was tested by split half technique and Karlpearson Co-efficient correlation formula. The data collected from the respondents was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Further effectiveness of PTP was tested by inferential statistics using paired 't' test. The difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of Degree students on CPR technique was found to be very highly significant. The PTP was found to be an effective strategy in increasing the knowledge of Degree students regarding CPR technique.


In black start restoration of power systems,reasonable network reconfiguration is helpful to establishing the skeleton network and restoring loads quickly. A network reconfiguration optimization method is proposed by taking the reliability of node restoration as the criterion to determine the restoration sequence of nodes. Considering the possible potential faults on the lines to be restored,the node with the highest restoration reliability is restored,so that the success possibility of system restoration is increased,with the restoration pressingness of nodes in consideration. Application examples show that the proposed method could possibly relieve the risk that the restoration process is interrupted by the potential line faults,and improve the success possibility of the black-start restoration.


F R E U D I A N I S M M A Y B E out of fashion but, the post-hoc character of theoretical trends sometimes takes the form of a return of the repressed. Strictly speaking, colonialism is a historical phenomenon; its origins and dem ise as a political reg ime are explicitly documented but, its exploitative nature as a system is less the result of our ability to grasp the facts than the advent of a concept of political economy that reveals in abstract terms certain machinations of fact. In the latter sense, both colonialism and colonial theory are crises of m ind that can initially be viewed in effect as attempts to problematize phenomena in the present. Thus, despite the wealth of writings that have presumably already graced a burgeoning literature on colonialism, its resurgence as a current topic of concern is related instead to speciŽ c developments in the 'postcolonial' theoretical literature. The deŽ nition of w hat postcolonial is or means is problematic, but, I think our renewed attention to the nature of the colonial experience is justiŽ ed. For most part, the keywords that distinguish these recent postcolonial concerns in general revolve repeatedly around the notions of culture, history and discourse. Perhaps the most striking aspect of the conference on Colonialism and its D iscontents held on 8–9 July, 1997 at the Institute of Ethnology, A cademia Sinica, Taiw an, w here the papers included here were presented, w as the diversity by w hich culture could be problematized in different concrete, historical contexts in ways that clearly transcend a single magic theory of postcoloniality, of the kind often invoked by the current theoretical literature, as though projected from the metropole.1 W hile scholars in different disciplines have different languages for problematizing culture, it is im portant to note that they all point to complex processes that relate culture to the institutional practice of colonial reg imes. The diversity of colonial exper ience is thus a product of its histor ical speciŽ city, that is to say, its positionality w ithin a context of global Allen Chun


The largest municipality by population is Wilmington, while the largest by area is Dover.1 The present configuration of the state's land and people took hundreds of years to develop, from the earliest settlements at Zwaanendael in 1631 (currently Lewes), Fort Christina in 1638 (currently Wilmington), and Fort Casimir in 1651 (currently New Castle), to today's urban centers, strip malls, suburbs and subdivisions, resort communities, tourist attractions, and agricultural landscapes. When population growth and technological advances force economic and social change, it is often difficult for communities to agree upon how to cope. Historically, urban planners tended to focus on bringing order to the physical landscape while achieving prosperity through economic growth; the public health community focused on protecting and promoting human health, usually though containing contagions and providing sanitary living conditions. The two professions all too often talked past each other. Without a common vocabulary, they could not agree upon what made a "healthy community." Indeed, the CDC notes "As public health professionals and urban planners begin to work more closely, they need the ability to speak each other's languages in order to work together effectively."2 Why did this happen and how can Delaware synergize these professions to achieve a "Healthy Delaware"?


The novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) global pandemic has brought vast changes to people's lifestyles in general and has changed business processes globally. The education systems are not spared from the COVID-19 impact and business delivery procedures. Africa mainly being the consumer of digital goods and services and not necessarily the producer as shown in the centre periphery model was not spared either. This paper explores the effects of COVD- 19 at institutions of higher learning and how they were immensely affected resulting in increased use of the web 2.0. However, the digital learning methods encountered digital inhibitors which include but not limited to accessibility, connectivity, social, geographical, economic, legal and technological digital issues. Challenges faced by the community of higher learning institutions in Zimbabwe embracing the digital learning tools are discussed. Using a qualitative approach, this article interrogates the impact of these higher education digital inhibitors in Africa with special reference to Zimbabwe during and post COVID-19 global pandemic. The research instruments used were online interviews and experiences. It is against this background that the writers unearth digital inhibitors in higher education during the COVID-19 era. Post COVID-19 era cannot be still business as usual. It is recommended that to bridge the gap there is need to consider Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as basic necessity not a luxury that have too be accessed by all as well as being in a position to operate the tools and having information literacy skills.


Trillions of dollars are annually spent on the development and implementation of information technology within the United States and around the world. On average, roughly 50% of such systems are considered failures or fall short of meeting the expectations set forth by management. The lost productivity and high costs associated with these shortcomings necessitate the identification of alternative frameworks for facilitating the successful acceptance and continued internalization of new technologies. Internalization is defined as the effective and continued use of a technology over time. As such, this paper introduces a conceptual model for examining the effect of trust and planned change initiatives on technology adoption behavior. We propose that technology trust and interpersonal trust, when coupled with planned change initiatives, lead to greater technology adoption and internalization. A series of propositions are introduced and examined between trust, planned change, technology adoption, and internalization. Implications and recommendations for future explorations and development are presented.


Abstract Introduction: MiR-638 is believed to be involved in human cancers. However, the prognostic value of miR-638 in human carcinomas is controversial and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between miR-638 expression and clinical outcomes in the patients with various cancers. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Wanfang, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to September 1, 2020 to identify relevant studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to correlate expression of miR-638 with prognosis and clinicopathological features. Results: A total of 18 studies involving 1886 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that low miR-638 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.46–2.98, P < .001), but not with disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.31–9.56, P = .540). Subgroup analysis found that low miR-638 expression was associated with worse OS in patients with digestive system cancer (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.85–3.30, P < .001), the reported directly from articles group (HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.34–3.33, P < .001), survival curves group (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.07–3.80, P = .029), in studies with sample size ≥100 (HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.34–3.35, P = .001), and in studies with sample size <100 (HR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.09–3.75, P = .025). Moreover, cancer patients with low miR-638 expression were prone to tumor size (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03–2.09, P = .035), earlier lymph node metastasis (present vs absent, OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.63–3.14, P < .001), earlier distant metastasis (present vs absent, OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.45–4.67, P < .001), TNM stage (III-IV vs I-II, OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.35–2.99, P = .001), and portal vein invasion (present vs absent, OR = 4.39, 95% CI:2.23–8.64, P < .001), but not associated with age, gender, tumor differentiation, and vascular invasion. Conclusions: MiR-638 may serve as a promising indicator in the prediction of prognosis and clinicopathological features in patients with different kinds of cancers.


Many commonly used methods of skin detection are proposed including threshold in color space, skin color statistical modeling and segmentation-based method. However, those methods'performances usually decrease in poor illumination conditions and they often misjudge some parts of the background as skin region when their colors are similar to skin colors. Therefore, a comprehensive method is proposed that is robust to the illumination conditions and background colors. It has mainly two steps. At the first step the image is pretreated, and then selects some skin seeds by threshold to estimate the skin colors density distribution. Finally an improved watershed algorithm is used to expand the skin color regions based on the above density distribution. Experimental results show that the method effectively reduce the interference of the background color to enhance the color contour accuracy.


This article has as a main objective, to describe the historical process of the Colombian left movement developed in Bogota during the last years, identifying the stages of ascent, crisis and break up that the left has suffered by a variety of events where the situational' s social and political conditions have generated particular circumstances in each process. It will be worked a first part related with the precedents, and then it will describe the stages in which the left movements have been maintained in the mayor's office, since Luis Eduardo Garzon (2004-2007) up to Gustavo Petro Urrego (since 2012), crossing the criticized phase during the Samuel Moreno - Clara Lopez Obregon's government (2008-2011). The base of this process is the construction based on the situational analysis and the access of the information was built essentially with the management of web mining, using press sources that have analyzed this process.


The underwater of Sydney Harbour has its own histories, visual and literary representations, and narrators, but its contributions to Australian culture are yet to be fully recognised. Among European narrators were dress-divers whose technologies enabled access to an otherwise alien, inhuman world. This article discusses early dress diving in Sydney Harbour, focusing on an account by the explorer, Frank Hurley (1885–1962), of diving at Shark Island in 1921. Hurley's account is compared to the experiences of the harbour's professional dress-divers. His departures from reality are read as a science-fictionalisation of Sydney's submarine realm influenced by Jules Verne (1828–1905).


Uutela reported that global recovered paper con sumption grew by 49.4 million tons (58%) between 1990 and 1998 reaching 135 million tons in 1998 (PC-1). The global paper utilization rate, calculated as the relationship between recovered paper con sumption and paper and board production increased from 35.8% to 44.9%. In 2005, it is forecast that 174 million tons of recovered paper will be used globally, a 1998 2005 rate of increase of 3.6% an nually. According to Uutela, the future of deinked pulp in fine paper in Europe remains questionable but could be forced by legislation. Uutela thinks the current market deinked pulp situation (which he calls a disappointment) is unlikely to change.


In plasma medicine, basic and translational research aids in future application of cold plasma sources in human diseases or disorders (e.g., chronic wounds). While most work has focussed on the interaction of skin cells with plasma, immune system cells have only been marginally examined. Their role is of major importance because they fulfill key regula - tory parts in immune responses and modulate inflammation in all types of tissues. This work systematically investigates eight different subpopulations (monocytes and CD4 + , CD8 + , B, NK, NKT, TH17, and γδ T cells) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with regard to viability after 5, 20, or 60 s of plasma treatment. Twenty-four hours after exposure, viability differed between populations (23.1% CD4 + versus 41.9% γδ T cells after 60 s of exposure) as revealed by flow cytometry. Cellular activation before plasma treatment increased survival in all subpopulations tested (26.8% in nonstimulated versus 50.0% in stimulated CD8 + T cells after 60 s of exposure). All lymphocyte subpopulations showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower survival rates compared to monocytes (35.9% for B cells versus 82.5% for monocytes after 60 s of exposure) but not compared to each other, hallmarking two intrinsically different cop- ing types of cells regarding plasma cytotoxicity.


Due to the special structural defects, SnO 2 -based nanomaterials show full potentials for applying to photocatalysis. In this work


Herein, the authors propose prestressed composite beams with steel sections at both ends of the precast beams in order to provide flexural strength against negative moments at both ends. This study extends the use of prestressed precast composite beams by understanding the instantaneous and time‐dependent losses of prestressed forces. This study also attempts to find out whether the currently available equations predicting instantaneous and time‐dependent losses of prestress can be used to predict the performance of prestressed precast composite beams. In this study, analytically calculated prestress losses of precast composite beams were compared with the loss of prestress observed during experiment to evaluate the eligibility of the proposed analytical approach and to calculate the losses of prestressing forces for precast composite beams. The influence of steel sections installed at both ends of the precast beams on the loss of prestress was also investigated to estimate prestress loss of the prestressed precast composite beams. The 20% loss was recommended for the instantaneous prestress loss for the precast composite beams, accounting for the contribution of T steel members of precast beams to the elastic contraction.


Usability is a key determinant of the adoption and use of Personal Health Record (PHR) by seniors. Usability principles exist to guide developers in the creation of senior-friendly PHRs. The purpose of this study is to understand why seniors still perceive the usability of PHRs as low in spite of these publicly available guidelines. 16 PHRs were evaluated with a senior-focused website usability guideline to assess developers' level of compliance. We found that though there are usability issues that need to be improved upon by PHR developers, some of the PHRs should be usable and senior-friendly. To understand the discrepancy between results of heuristic or guideline-based evaluation and reports from actual use, we contend that a need to assess existing usability standards for their suitability in guiding the creation of senior-friendly PHRs exist.


The main objective was to analyse the perceived emotional intelligence and the psychological wellbeing of university students with regard to their physical activity practice. A sample of 1008 students from a public university in Andalusia, Spain, was utilised. The subjects were between 17 and 30 years of age. Four-hundred and fourteen subjects were physically active, and 614 subjects were less active. Various questionnaires were utilised to evaluate the subjects´ normal physical activity, their perceived emotional intelligence, and their psychological wellbeing. The correlational analysis demonstrated that the constructs of emotional clarity and repair were positively and significantly related to self-esteem and life satisfaction. Significant differences were found between the physically active subjects and those that were not active for all variables, except in the emotional attention. The physically active students demonstrated higher scores for the variables that measured wellbeing (self-esteem and life satisfaction), for clarity, and for emotional repair. The results are discussed in relation to the promotion of physical activity, as favouring wellbeing and perceived emotional intelligence for university students.


Whole-tree sprays of aqueous solution of urea (10, 15 and 20 per cent) in April defoliates leaves and kill flower buds, thus, there is no fruiting in rainy season. Urea had a significant effect on per cent defoliation. Guava leaves drop normally between 19 and 25 days from the date of spraying. New leaves emerge between 17 and 23 days from the time of total defoliation. Fifty per cent blooming of flowers occurs after 21 to 27 days of the emergnce of new leaves. With the increase of the concentration of urea, there is maximization in number of fruits but the size of fruit reduces. Urea spray at 15 per cent is suitable for maximum fruit yield as well as better size of the fruits. Urea can be used to defoliate guava to induce new shoots, flowers and better quality fruit during winter.


Andromeda galaxy (M31,NGC224) is the biggest spiral in the Local Group. By studying the star formation history(SFH) and chemical evolution of M31, and comparing with the Milky Way Galaxy, we are able to understand more about the formation and evolution of spiral galaxies.


An increasing number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through funding from multiple donors are promoting conservation agriculture (CA) in the smallholder areas of Zimbabwe. CA has been seen as technology option that can increase yields of a wide range of crops by resource-poor farmers even in drier agro-ecological regions. Farmers across Zimbabwe have shown a growing interest in the CA technology with evidence of yield gains of between 10 and more than 100% depending on input levels and the experience of the farm household (Mazvimavi et al., 2008). Cases of spontaneous adoption are being observed in areas where demonstrations and training programs have been well supported by NGOs, research and extension institutes. However there have been arguments that CA adoption in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is low due to the socio economic conditions in which CA is implemented (Giller et al.,2009) and that CA can only improve food security in SSA if farmers have access to herbicides and fertilizers (Gowing and Palmer, 2008). This study was aimed at assessing the adoption trends of CA principles and practices in smallholder areas of Zimbabwe. The study also assessed the socioeconomic impacts of CA technologies to vulnerable farm households.


The development of combined transport is highly requiredby the European countries. The pressure, both administrativeand economic, is growing continuously for the use of railway asthe ecologically most suitable land carrier. Considering the protectionof roads, ecological, political and other reasons,Croatia will have to define her policy toward the 'Piggyback'transport in transit (mainly through conidors X and Vb). No efficientintegration into the European system of combined transportcan be expected without the necessa1y stimulating measuresby the government and without a clearly defined transportpolicy.


189 Background: It is critical for parents of children with cancer to be knowledgeable regarding their child's diagnosis to effectively navigate their child's cancer care. Research investigating the role of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) on cancer knowledge is scarce. Methods: We prospectively assessed levels of disease knowledge among parents of children with newly diagnosed cancer (past 3 months) and associations with SDoH. Our outcome measure was level of parental cancer knowledge on cancer type, stage/risk stratification, if enrolled in a therapeutic clinical trial or receiving standard of care treatment, and name of protocol if applicable (score 0-100% correct answers). Socio-demographics included parental age, sex, race/ethnicity, English proficiency, marital status, education attainment, insurance type, and employment status. Health literacy (HL) was measured using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Results: 182 English or Spanish-speaking parents completed surveys. 67% of participants were female (n=112) and 47% Hispanic (n=96). On average, parents answered 40% of questions correctly on the cancer knowledge survey (SD+/-19). In univariate analysis, lower cancer knowledge was associated with limited HL (p=0.003), unmarried status (p=0.015), lower education attainment [high-school or less] (p=0.048), and public insurance (p=0.006). In adjusted multivariate analysis, limited HL remained significantly associated with lower knowledge (p=0.036). Moreover, parents with limited HL were 77% less likely to know if their child was receiving treatment enrolled in a clinical trial or standard of care treatment (OR=0.13, p<0.001, 95%CI=0.065-0.403). Conclusions: Parents of children with newly diagnosed cancer scored overall low on the baseline knowledge test. Limited HL was significantly associated with lower cancer baseline knowledge after adjusting for SDoH. Our findings underscore the importance of identifying parents with limited HL to effectively increase their cancer knowledge by providing targeted education and support. Future research should assess how parental cancer knowledge affects clinical outcomes and include interventions, particularly tailored to individuals with limited HL.


Abstract In the paper, the authors present some monotonicity properties and some sharp inequalities for the generalized Grötzsch ring function and related elementary functions. Consequently, the authors obtain new bounds for solutions of the Ramanujan generalized modular equation.


The invention discloses a perfluorooctyl-free nonpolar aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent which is characterized by being prepared from a fluorocarbon surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant, a foam additive and a proper amount of an organic solvent. The aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent has the advantages as follows: the fluorocarbon surfactant is a PFOS/PFOA (perfluorooctane sulfonate/perfluorooctanoic acid)-free fluorine-containing surfactant synthesized on the basis of perfluorobutylsulfonyl and perflurohexylsulphonyl, and when 1%-3.5% of the fluorocarbon surfactant is used, the 6% aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent is prepared and very low surface tension can be reached; an octyl sulfonate surfactant is added as the compounding hydrocarbon surfactant, so that the spreading performance of the foam extinguishing agent is improved and the surface tension of the foam extinguishing agent is reduced. The aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent passes the detection of China national authority-national fixed fire extinguishing system and fireproof member quality supervision and inspection center, and can replace a perfluorooctyl-surfactant-containing aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The synthesis and reactivity of an acceptor-free silylene hydride equipped with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as supporting ligand is reported. The silylene hydride reacts with bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) to afford a dihydrodisilene complex. Moreover, the reactions of the silylene with alkynes afforded a silole via a [2+2+1] cycloaddition and a 1-alkenyl-1-alkynylsilane via a C-H abstraction depending on the substrate. DFT calculations of their mechanisms suggested the formation of zwitterionic intermediates in these reactions. These are also supported by the product from the reaction of silylene with 1-phenyl-2-trimethylsilylacetylene in the presence of an additional equivalent of NHC.