Corrosion inhibitors used in the petroleum industry are a necessity to include in any acid job. When corrosion occurs to downhole tubulars and equipment, huge expenses are required to maintain the integrity and performance of the well. Unfortunately, commonly used corrosion inhibitors are accompanied with extreme environmental concerns and risk to human health. The recent developments in corrosion inhibitors have resolved the environmental aspect by focusing on biodegradability of these compounds, however, these inhibitors still struggle with issues of toxicity and high temperature stability. The project aims to develop new green, non-toxic, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors capable of performing well at high temperature conditions faced in the oil and gas industry.
 To achieve this goal, 13 commonly available flowers were screened for corrosion inhibition properties. The tests involved using low carbon steel (N-80) coupons and exposing them to 15 wt.% HCl solutions at temperatures between room temperature and 250 °F using a HPHT corrosion reactor to imitate oilfield conditions. A concentration of 0.2-2 wt.% grounded flowers were used to prevent corrosion. Moreover, a control solution containing no corrosion inhibitor was used to establish a corrosion rate for a base case. Upon identifying high performing flowers, extracts of these flowers were subsequently tested to save cost by minimizing quantity needed while achieving acceptable performance.
 The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the different flowers was compared at various concentrations and temperatures as well as the effect of adding corrosion inhibitor intensifiers. The results revealed that one new inhibitor can be developed from the 13 flower samples tested. The corrosion rate of the flower extract after 6 hours at 150°F was 0.0398 lb/ft2. Additionally, this flower extract was assessed at 200°F and 250°F with the addition of 1 wt.% corrosion inhibitor intensifier and exhibited a corrosion rate of 0.00823 lb/ft2 and 0.0141 lb/ft2, respectively.
 The results in this work share one new naturally occurring, green, non-toxic, high-temperature stable corrosion inhibitors that can be developed from flowers and can successfully protect the tubular during acid treatments achieving rates below the industry standard of 0.05 lb/ft2 for 6 hours at temperatures up to 250°F.


The thesis is a study of the engine room simulator (ERS) as a training device comparing with traditional methods used for assessing competence and skills of marine engineers. The present maritime education and training system in the Mauritian context is discussed. The prevailing shortcomings and future remedial measures are considered. A brief look is taken at the present methods available to evaluate competence in the marine field. The future trends in maritime education and training are considered taking into account manning and technological changes that are taking place. The growth and development of engine room simulators as training and assessment tools are outlined. Simulation training philosophies and programmes developed by a number of maritime nations are explored. The importance and advantages of the medium are highlighted. With a view to improving maritime training in Mauritius, a structure of an engine room simulator training programme is proposed with important considerations in developing, implementing and evaluating the programme pointed out. In the final chapter, keeping in view the benefits of simulators, a number of recommendations are made to implement new marine engineering schemes incorporated with engine room simulator programmes to train marine engineer omcers in Mauritius.


Dr Michael Kelly puts Mathematica to work deriving the mathematical and numerical results for option prices by solving PDEs, SDEs using the discounted expectation of stochastic variables and simulations of underlying expiry prices, as well as discovering the risk-neutral value of the rate of return and establishing theorems such as the Put-Call parity formula


A methodofextending thefrequency rangeof inductive voltage divider isproposed using the example ofa decade divider. Thedecade dividing windingisconstructed in theformof a combination ofa binary winding anda five- and six-section winding, allwoundon a common ferromagnetic core.Thefrequency errorof the inductive voltage divider isreduced bybalancing theequivalent capacitors thatshuntthedecade winding sections.


Stereoregular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) were prepared by the polycondensation method using naturally occurring D-xylose and aromatic diacids as the starting materials. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, GPC, IR, and 1 H- and 13 C NMR spectroscopies. Thermal and X-ray diffraction studies revealed them to be mainly amorphous. The polymers are hydrophilic and their degradation studies were carried out at 37 and 80 °C in buffered salt solution at pH 8. The degradation study was monitored by mass loss, GPC, IR, and NMR spectroscopies. The hydrolytic degradation of these PEAs occurred rapidly by hydrolysis of the ester functions to a final compound, which maintained the amide functions.


The trade development of cultural products is essential to show the country's "soft power".Through the whole network analysis of the cultural products bilateral trade data of 231 countries during 2007-2011,this paper studies the cultural products trade pattern in Post-Financial Crisis Times.The findings show that the situation of less and concentrated traditional developed country of culture trade began to change,and emerging countries are becoming more and more significant in Post-Financial Crisis Times.Network centralization shows that crafts trade network is more divergent,and audiovisual products trade network is more condensed,while publications trade network is indistinct.In addition,Chinese cultural products trade shows a strong anti-risk and resource control capacity.


The model of rotor blade echo signal of a hovering helicopter with radar semi active system was established in this paper.The characteristics of the echo in the time domain of the helicopter were analyzed.The simulation was done with the real parameter of rotor blade,and the modulation effect in the time domain and distributing characteristics in the frequency domain were studied.The results showed that emulation results of the backscattered model were agreed with the data of the seeker tracking the helicopter in the outfield experiments with the backscattered model.


that the vocabulary load in the texts for social studies in the various grades was not excessive and was therefore not the cause of the difficulty encountered in reading such material. The second set of studies, dealing with sentence length and sentence structure, indicated that the sentences in the material under consideration were no longer than those in compositions written by pupils in these grades. Attention was called to some exceptionally long sentences, but it was concluded that length of sentence in the material under consideration was not a major cause of difficulty in reading. It was further pointed out that analysis of sentences according to form showed approximately the same or a slightly larger proportion of simple, and a smaller proportion of compound and complex sentences than prevailed in compositions written by the pupils in these grades. On the basis of these data it was felt that the sentence structure in the materials under consid-


Raman spectroscopy was applied to CaCl2 melts at 900 degrees C under both non-electrolyzed and electrolyzed conditions. The later used titania cathodes supplied by TIMET, Inc. and graphite anodes. Use of pulse-gating to collect the Raman spectra successfully eliminated any interference from black-body radiation and other stray light. The spectrum of molten CaCl2 exhibited no distinct, resolvable bands that could be correlated with a calcium chloride complex similar to MgCl42- in MgCl2 melts. Rather, the low frequency region of the spectrum was dominated by a broad "tail" arising from collective oscillations of both charge and mass in the molten salt "network." Additions of both CaO and Ca at concentrations of a percent or two resulted in no new features in the spectra. Addition of CO2, both chemically and via electrolysis at concentrations dictated by stability and solubility at 900 degrees C and 1 bar pressure, also produced no new bands that could be correlated with either dissolved CO2 or the carbonate ion. These results indicated that Raman spectroscopy, at least under the conditions evaluated in the research, was not well suited for following the reactions and coordination chemistry of calcium ions, nor species such as dissolved metallic Ca and CO2more » that are suspected to impact current efficiency in titanium electrolysis cells using molten CaCl2. Raman spectra of TIMET titania electrodes were successfully obtained as a function of temperature up to 900 degrees C, both in air and in-situ in CaCl2 melts. However, spectra of these electrodes could only be obtained when the material was in the unreduced state. When reduced, either with hydrogen or within an electrolysis cell, the resulting electrodes exhibited no measurable Raman bands under the conditions used in this work.« less


An exaggerated "horizontal" alignment of the heart (increased sternal contact) and tortuous, redundant aorta are often seen on thoracic radiographs of older cats. Eighty-five cats, divided into 3 age groups [young (6–15 months), middle aged (3–7 years), old (10–17 years)], were determined to be normal on history, auscultation, ECG, and echocardiogram. Lateral and VD thoracic radiographs were examined and measured for evidence of these changes. Forty percent of cats 10 years or older were found to have the horizontal cardiac alignment, and 28% had the redundant aorta. These changes were not seen in Groups 1 and 2 of younger and middle aged cats. The angle between the heart and sternum in Group 3 (old) cats was significantly smaller than the same angle in younger cats. Systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism, possible pathologic causes for this variation, were unlikely related to the cardiovascular changes due to the large number of older cats with this change, and lack of evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.


Introduction. A significant percentage of the musculoskeletal system pathology in children is currently fall on the foot pathology – longitudinal flatfeet, which is not only a medical, but also a social problem. The incidence of this pathology is up to 58% of the total orthopedic foot pathology.
Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of mild (I– II severity) longitudinal flatfeet (LF), which are known today (massage, physiotherapy exercises, the use of orthopedic devices, electromyostimulation) do not give a significant effect and a stable, long-term result. This makes us look for more effective methods of conservative treatment of LF of the I– II severity degree, which have a pathogenic orientation and physiological effect.
Purpose of the work: to develop the most effective algorithm for the complex conservative treatment of LF, depending on the severity, hemodynamic disorders, deformity options, foot rigidity.
Materials and methods. Conservative treatment was carried out in 62 patients aged 10– 18 years with LF of the I– II severity degree. Depending on the clinical manifestations and examination results, the treatment was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, serial casting was used (in the presence of concomitant deformations – silicone pelottes were used).
Results. The results of the two-stage conservative treatment of LF demonstrate the effectiveness of serial casting in combination with the use of silicone pelottes and biostimulators in comparison with traditional methods of foot correction.
Conclusions. Algorithms for conservative treatment of LF were developed, depending on the severity, nature of the deformity, hemodynamic disorders and muscle tone of the lower leg and foot.


Background & Objectives: In India, Osteoarthritis (OA) knee is the most prevalent form of arthritis and it is estimated that about 15 million people in the country are affected with it. The present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of mulligan's mobilization with movement techniques on pain in knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 30 patients (males and females) who attended BSTR hospital, Pune, India falling under the inclusion criteria were selected with the informed consent. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (15 subjects) and Experimental Group (15 subjects). On the first day, each patient was subjected to 6-minute walk test and VAS (pain) and distance covered was noted. Control group received conventional treatment (TENS and exercise program). Experimental group received conventional treatment along with Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique. Result: At the end of 3 days treatment sessions, both the groups obtained successful outcomes, as measured by significant reductions in VAS (p < 0.05) and improvement in 6-minute walk test distance over a 3 days period. However post treatment distance covered in the experimental group (mean =37, SD=16.882) was markedly better than the post treatment distance covered in control group (mean =35, SD=23.146) Conclusion: The study concluded that Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) technique is effective in reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Statistically significant reduction in VAS (pain) and marked improvement in the distance covered by the subjects was observed in the experimental group post treatment.


We introduce new systems of PDE on initial data sets $(M,g,k)$ whose solutions model double-null foliations. This allows us to generalize Geroch's monotonicity formula for the Hawking mass under inverse mean curvature flow to initial data sets satisfying the dominant energy condition. We study the existence theory of these systems and give geometric applications.


Whether they are fiction or incorporate a documentary format, the teen series can become a reference for teenagers. The series 13 Reasons Why, in its second season, generated interest among adolescents, families, and the education sector. The general objective of this research is to quantitatively analyze the comments on school bullying, rape, and suicide on Twitter linked to the second season of 13 Reasons Why. Methodology: It was specified in a content analysis of the tweets that contained the hashtag #13ReasonsWhy and/or the hashtag #PorTreceRazones. Results and discussion: Complex issues such as rape, suicide, the parent-child relationship, bullying, and cyber-bullying were raised around Hannah Baker's suicide. Conclusions: One of the conclusions of the study states that 13 Reasons Why promotes the debate on school bullying, rape, and suicide being Twitter a channel where such complex issues are exposed for adolescents.


Dear Sir, Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, characterized by inflammation, cell damage and fibrotic reactions in hepatocytes [1]. Apoptosis via the Fas/FasL system seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection, as it has been shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltrating the liver recognize viral antigens on hepatocytes, become activated and over-express FasL on their surface [2]. On the contrary, infected hepatocytes exhibit enhanced Fas expression and develop increased susceptibility to FasL-mediated apoptosis [3]. FasL is a homotrimeric cell surface glycoprotein, which belongs to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family [4]. Fas activation through oligomerization upon binding the extracellular region of FasL results in the activation of the apoptotic pathway. In a previous report, we investigated the involvement of the variant )670A > G in the promoter region of the FAS gene in relation to the severity of liver damage and progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C [5]. This variant abolished a gamma-interferon-activated sequence (GAS) and it was demonstrated that the A allele exhibited a higher binding ability for the transcription factor STAT1 than the G allele [6]. We found that the variant was under-represented in the group of patients with higher grade of necroinflammatory activity in the liver, suggesting that it might have a role in the severity of liver damage that modulates the expression of the FAS gene [5]. In this sense, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified at nucleotide position )844 in the promoter region of the FASL gene, which lies within the putative binding motif for the CAAT/enhancer-binding protein b (C/ EBPb) [7]. We have evaluated the involvement of the )844C > T polymorphism in the susceptibility to HCV infection, the severity of liver damage and the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. A total of 172 patients with chronic HCV infection were investigated. Liver biopsies were taken from 122 of these patients, and classified according to Knodell histological activity index (HAI) [8]. We have also studied 100 uninfected/unrelated region, race, age and gender-matched controls (male:female, 1:1). Informed consent was obtained from all patients and controls in accordance with the regulations of the Institutional Review Board for human subject's protection. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral venous blood samples using standard protocols [9]. To genotype the )844C > T polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was followed by melting curve analysis performed in a LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics, Rahway, NJ, USA) (Fig. 1). Allelic frequencies were compared between HCV patients and controls using chi-square analysis with Yate's correction. Comparison between the different histological groups of patients was performed according to the Kruskal–Wallis test, with the program SPSS version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). CAAT/enhancer-binding protein b belongs to a family of transcription factors sharing a highly conserved, basic leucine zipper domain at the C-terminus that is involved in dimerization and DNA binding [10]. It has been demonstrated that the two different alleles at position )844 in the FASL promoter have significantly different affinities for C/ EBPb, showing that the T allele has much lower affinity than the C allele for the transcription factor [7]. Moreover, the polymorphism significantly affects the biological activity of the FASL promoter and alters the basal FasL expression on fibrocytes. A case–control study was also carried out in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and data suggested that the higher activity allele of the C/ EBPb element was associated with the disease in AfricanAmericans [7]. In the present study, we have detected the )844T allele in 142 of 344 HCV chromosomes (41%) and 80 of 200 control chromosomes (40%). This result indicates that the allele frequencies and the distribution of the polymorphism do not differ significantly in the HCV cohort and in the control Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2007, 14, 293–294 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00821.x


PURPOSE: The study examined the relationship between the knee function score and knee strength and muscular endurance of an elite female handball athletes according to their position in the team. METHODS: Thirty handball athletes participated on the study: 12 front positions, 12 back positions, and five goalkeepers. The knee function score consisted of symptoms, pain, daily activity, sports and recreation, and quality of life. In addition, CSMI (Cybex, USA) was used to measure the strength and muscular endurance of the knee. The muscular strength and muscular endurance were measured at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. RESULTS: The overall items of the knee function score


By binding to specific structures on antigenic proteins, the so-called epitopes, B-cell antibodies can neutralize pathogens. The identification of B-cell epitopes is of great value for the development of specific serodiagnostic assays and the optimization of medical therapy. However, identifying diagnostically or therapeutically relevant epitopes is a challenging task that usually involves extensive laboratory work. In this study, we show that the time, cost and labor-intensive process of epitope detection in the lab can be significantly shortened by using in silico prediction. Here we present EpiDope, a python tool which uses a deep neural network to detect B-cell epitope regions on individual protein sequences (github.com/mcollatz/EpiDope). With an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.67 ± 0.07 in the ROC curve, EpiDope exceeds all other currently used B-cell prediction tools. Moreover, for AUC10% (AUC for a false-positive rate < 0.1), EpiDope improves the prediction accuracy in comparison to other state-of-the-art methods. Our software is shown to reliably predict linear B-cell epitopes of a given protein sequence, thus contributing to a significant reduction of laboratory experiments and costs required for the conventional approach.


Luminescence as a mechanism for terahertz emission from femtosecond laser-induced plasmas is studied by using a fully microscopic theory, including a quantized light field which takes into account the string geometry.


The invention relates to a TO DELIVER GAS / STEAM SYSTEM FROM SOLID MATERIALS. SPECIFICALLY, THE SYSTEM FOR USE OF LIBERATION gas or vapor released from a solid material, such as a complex hydrogen peroxide non-aqueous / solid. THE consists of a delivery system that is configured to receive multiple disks containing solid SYSTEM AND INTRODUCE THESE RECORDS IN A NOZZLE MATERIAL. HEATED NOZZLE DISCS TO PRODUCE A gas or vapor, then passes to a camera. THE STERILIZATION process can take place only through the gas or vapor, or by combination with UV RADIATION OR PLASMA. IN particular, the invention concerns a CONTROL SYSTEM TO AUTOMATICALLY inducing delivery system for feeding the nozzle with a disc and remove the disc ONCE HAS BEEN COMPLETED INJECTION SEQUENCE.


Today, reading and comprehension of the texat is very important in improving the functional literacy of students. Researchers believe that a comprehensive, multifaceted analysis is needed to recognize the text. It is necessary not only to understand the features of the semantic content and compositional structure of the text, but also to take into account the author's position, the author's inner world, creative individuality, worldview, to whom he wrote the work. However, today we get acquainted only with the external content and form of the work, without recognizing and understanding its internal meaning and content. Today's young reader is not accustomed to reading the work in depth. The article demonstrates and theoretically substantiates methods based on increasing students' understanding and cognitive activity through functional learning.


In view of the problems that exist in the working plane of the inspection robot equipped with precision instruments that cannot always maintain a stable state when moving on a complex road surface, a floating mobile chassis was designed based on the Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) theory, and the floating suspension device was also optimized based on the substance field. The kinematic model of the floating mobile chassis was established, and the obstacle-surmounting analysis has been carried out on complex road conditions such as the boss and trench. The dynamic model and mobile performance evaluation model of the obstacle crossing wheel are established. The prototype of the non-floating mobile chassis and the prototype of the floating mobile chassis were respectively established in ADAMS, and the motion comparison simulation analysis of boss, trench crossing and complex road conditions were also carried out. The results showed that the floating mobile chassis has strong adaptive performance, and the stability of the working plane can always be maintained when crossing obstacles.


Thus the stability of neutralmonomeric species of late transition metal amides varieddepending not only on the ligand framework but also on sub-stituents of the amide ligand in the complexes.Amido complexes of square planar platinum group metalsbearing a PCP pincer as an ancillary ligand are of particularinterest because such complexes stabilized with the rigidligand framework, which inhibits both phosphine dissocia-tion and reductive elimination of the aryl group, would demon-strate that the metal-amide bond should selectively involve instoichiometric reactions with various substrates.


When Anthony Eden became British Prime Minister on 6 April 1955 it seemed the culmination of a brilliant career in politics. Less than two years later that career was over, effectively destroyed by his behaviour over the
nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company by the Egyptian President, Gamal Nasser.
This study will examine Eden's actions and motives and demonstrate that his claim to have been an ardent opponent of appeasement in 1938 was untrue; that his claim that Nasser was a dictator like Mussolini and had to be stopped is contradicted by the evidence; that Nasser's control of the canal was unchanged by the
nationalisation; that there was no legal basis for Britain interfering in the running of the canal; that Eden's recurring bouts of illness can have had no more than a minor impact on his actions and that it was Eden's own flawed character that guided his actions.
Eden ended up lying to the country, lying to the House of Commons and, indeed, lying to himself in his attempt to justify his actions. It was a sad end to what had been a glittering career.


Continuing to use the traditional approach applied to embedded design into the modern complex designs can become chaotic and ad hoc. This paper looks at the issues confronting modern embedded application design and the embedded eco system that exists to enable the combination of standard hardware, proven RTOS, middleware and applications to present a solution for these issues.


This paper presents a fault detection and reporting technique for galvanically isolated Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) gate drivers. This technique provides robust transmission of Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) and Desaturation (DESAT) events. The proposed method was verified by means of simulations and implemented in a standard 0.25µm CMOS BCD technology, as part of a galvanically isolated IGBT gate driver. Experimental results highlight proper reporting of UVLO and DESAT faults.


At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that finance is "the foundation and important pillar of state governance". As a builder and successor of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, college students must establish correct values in the process of "promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." This paper mainly discusses the relationship between socialist core values and financial courses under the framework of state governance. Keywords—Socialist Core Values, Finance, National Governance China has entered an era of diversified interests. The government and enterprises, governments and individuals, central and local, regional and urban and rural areas have formed a multi-level complex interest relationship. The main contradiction of the new society determines that the sustainable development of the economy and society can no longer rely solely on material wealth to stimulate, but also must balance various interests. General Secretary Xi Jinping once emphasized at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities that "the firm believers, active communicators, and model practitioners who guide the teachers and students to be the core values of socialism." As the builders and successors of the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, college students must establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, and master the reserve of knowledge and ability to serve the modernization of state governance, in order to correctly handle the interests of multiple interests and shoulder the historical responsibility of national rejuvenation. I. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIALIST CORE VALUES LEADING COLLEGE STUDENTS' EDUCATION A. Connotation of Socialist Core Values At the 18th National Congress, three "advocacy" were used to express the core values of socialism. It puts forward the national value goal of "rich, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious"; the social value orientation of "freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law"; the civic value criterion of "patriotism, dedication, honesty and friendliness". The three "advocacy" contents have different emphasis and is related to each other. The realization of the national value goal is the basis for the people to enjoy the right to be happy and settle down and to be the masters of the country. The social value orientation can promote the right of all citizens to enjoy all-round development, fairness and justice, and is a prerequisite for citizens to consciously fulfill their value obligations. Citizenship values require citizens to combine their own growth with national development and social progress, and to encourage each citizen to be responsible to the state and the society. The socialist core values combine the interests of the party and the state with the future direction of the society, personal life beliefs and ideal pursuits. B. The Role of Cultivating Socialist Core Values in College Students' Education The reform and opening up and the development of the socialist market economy have continuously adjusted the various interests of China, and the ideology has also presented a variety of new features. China is in a critical period of building a harmonious and well-off society. Under the new era, college students carry the mission of national rejuvenation and national prosperity. Whether they have the right values or not depends on whether the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is succeeding, and whether the great task of national rejuvenation can be finally completed in the collective struggle of the newcomers of the times. "The core values of socialism are the concentrated expression of the contemporary Chinese spirit and condense the common value pursuit of all the people" [1], carrying the beautiful dreams of national prosperity, social development and personal progress, and providing a value standard for college students' non-judgment. It is an effective way to improve the quality of talent cultivation, the development of the times, and the advancement of society by cultivating the contemporary university students' core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and actively exploring and innovating the core values of socialism. 8th International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM 2018) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 75


In the present research, a novel rate-dependent micromechanical model was presented to predict the stiffness and strength of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites. To predict the strain-rate dependent stress–strain behavior of glass fibers, using the Maxwell model with the aid of semi-empirical relations, a new viscoelastic constitutive model was proposed. Moreover, to predict the strain-rate dependent ultimate strength of brittle glass fibers, the elasto-plastic strain-rate dependent Cowper-Symonds material model was simplified by deleting the plastic terms. The strain-rate dependent mechanical properties of the polymer were also investigated by using the modified Goldberg model. Then, by modifying the Mori-Tanaka micromechanical model, a rate dependent micromechanical model was developed to predict the effective elastic properties (stiffness and strength) of unidirectional fibrous composites at arbitrary strain rates. The present model was called the strain-rate dependent Mori-Tanaka micromechanical model. As inputs, the present model just needs the viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of fibers and polymer. Therefore, the present model reduces the necessary experimental data to predict the rate-dependent mechanical properties of unidirectional composites. For verification of the present model, the results were compared with experimental data and very good consistency in predicting the rate-dependent behavior of unidirectional composites was observed.


He aim of the research is to find out the process of making mash snail shells and the concrete compressive strength and to find out the process of testing the concrete compressive strength on the mash shell conch collision. The research design is the process of collecting and analyzing research data. Medote This research includes planning and conducting research. For planning design begins with observation and evaluation of research that has been carried out and has been known, until the formation of the framework requires further evidence. In this research method, it also includes making experiments or observations, and also has measurement variables, techniques and procedures, data collection, data analysis, collecting data, and reporting research results. This research uses mash shell conch additive material which aims to determine the effect of mash snail shell addition to the compressive strength of concrete with a percentage variation of 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight of cement. The results of collisions of mas snail shells on concrete mixtures with additional variations of 2% (15,423), 4% (17,59) and 6% (19,276), where the highest compressive strength values were obtained by adding 6% of snail shell shells, 19,276 Mpa, while the lowest value is in the addition of mash snail shell collision 2%, which is 15,423 Mpa.


Objecfive To investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoseopic repair of paraesophageal hernia.Methods 280 patients underwent laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia,including 148 cases having laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and 132 having laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication.Results Laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia was completed successfully in all 280 patients.The average operation time was 110minutes and the blood loss was between 10 to 50 m1.Postoperative oral feedings were resumed after 24 to 48 hours of surgery,and no postoperative complication occurred.The median postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 days.Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia is an effective and safe surgical procedure withminimal invasion.


A method for establishing controlled vocabularies is proposed, based on the analysis of natural language as used in particular areas of expertise (sublanguage). The proposed vocabulary includes terms for relations as well as terms for objects, organized into class hierarchies. The method provides a controlled technique for eliciting distinctions about terms from experts, and aids in minimizing redundancy in the vocabulary. The vocabulary can be represented and managed using frames, semantic nets, or object-oriented techniques. The approach suggests a way of integrating free text and controlled terms in medical information systems through the intermediate structures of sublanguage.


This paper examines the determinants of age-friendly environments from the perspectives of caregivers in the absence of long term care insurance and social security net. A survey was conducted among 172 government formal care providers in Malaysia. The structural model revealed that social participation, communication and information as well as community support and health services have positively significant relationships with age-friendly environments. As such, social environment has greater significant role in building an age-friendly environment. The findings provide important information for the authority to meet the challenges of an ageing society, in order to prepare to become an age-prepared society.


The cotton bollworm is one of the major pests in cotton causing dramatic yield losses worldwide. In recent years, this led to the widespread adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton, expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, which is less susceptible to the bollworm, and to a neglect of breeding in non-GM cultivars especially towards bollworm resistance. Cultivation of "organic cotton" depends on effective bollworm control based on inherent tolerance and treatments with botanical pesticides. Even though India is the world's largest producer of organic cotton, stakeholders from this sector face serious problems because they do not find suitable non-GM cultivars in the Indian market. Therefore a GM-free seed supply chain has to be re-established. For the support of organic cotton farmers participatory programs for cotton breeding and cultivar evaluation have been initiated in Madhya Pradesh in Central India to increase the genetic diversity of cultivated Gossypium species. This study focuses on pest resistance and especially on the bollworm incidence in different non-GM cotton cultivars. More than 100 cotton cultivars representing different species and plant types (hybrids and varietal lines) of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum were screened for bollworm damage under irrigated heavy soil and rain fed light soil conditions. It was found that at harvest time, on average 70% of the assessed capsules were damaged by the cotton bollworm. Significant differences in the susceptibility of the different cotton cultivars were observed ranging from 39 to 91%. Therefore breeding for improved bollworm resistance together with improved management systems ("pushpull method", bio-pesticides) has a big potential for organic cotton production. Breeding for pest resistance may also be important for GM cotton, as sucking pests, which are not controlled by the Bt toxin, still have to be encountered by pesticides in conventional farming. Since cotton is an essential cash crop in India enormous economic benefits for local farmers could be achieved by providing them with seeds of resistant cultivars and in addition by strengthening their awareness of sustainable crop production.


This paper investigates an important area of learning English that is Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). The aim of the study is to show a complete overview of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in EFL classroom in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh most of the EFL learners do not get the facilities of learning through technology that can be one of the major reasons behind the backwardness of learners in learning a foreign language. This study is conducted among thirty students of Department of English at Tertiary level. Those students are considered as a representative of EFL learners at tertiary level. The finding of the study shows that learners are interested and want to learn through CALL but there are many obstacles and challenges of learning language through computer. This dissertation is recommended the ways of applying CALL in EFL classroom after examine the obstacles.


This article explores the impact of Popper's exile on the formation of The Open Society. It proposes homelessness as a major motif in Popper's life and work. His emigration from clerical-fascist Austria, sojourn in New Zealand during World War II, and social isolation in postwar England constituted a permanent exile. In cosmopolitan philosophy, he searched for a new home. His unended quest issued in a liberal cosmopolitan vision of scientific and political communities pursuing truth and reform. The Open Society was their embodiment. As described, it expressed the ideals of fin-de-siècle Viennese progressives. Many progressives were assimilated Jews, whose dilemmas of national identity gave rise to cosmopolitan views that stripped ethnicity and nationality of significance. The Open Society was an admirable defense of liberalism against fascism, but it remained a utopian ideal. It could not provide a surrogate community or home where Popper might have reached his destination and rested.


The decomposition of t-BuOOH in the presence of added ferric ion has been studied in buffered H 2 O and D 2 O solutions between pH(D) 1 to 4, by using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonate) (ABTS) to trap the oxidizing products


Mean motion resonance (i.e., MMR) is a common phenomenon in our solar system and some exoplanetary systems. MMR refers to that the orbital frequencies or periods of two (or more) celestial bodies, such as satellites, comets, planets, represent a commensurability. MMRs play an important role in maintaining the stability of solar system and exoplanetary systems. MMRs also significantly affect the orbital characteristics and distribution of planets and asteroids in these systems. This paper focus on a 6:5 internal three body MMRs model formed by two massive bodies (i.e., planet and star) and one test massless particle. In order to understand the dynamical effect of eccentricity, initial semimajor axis and initial phase of the massless particle, a detailed analysis of the phase space structure by compute the Poincaré surfaces of section in the planar circular restricted three body model is presented. The eccentricity, initial semimajor axis, and initial phase are found to be three important parameters affecting the topological structure and steady state of the resonant orbits. The stable and chaotic regime of the resonant orbits is observed. Some typical resonant orbits are obtained.


The wider genealogical affiliations of the Timor-Alor-Pantar languages have been the subject of much speculation. These languages are surrounded by unrelated Austronesian languages, and attempts to locate related languages have focused on Papuan languages 800 km or more distant. This chapter draws on typological, pronominal, and especially lexical evidence to examine three hypotheses regarding the higher-level affiliations of the Timor-Alor-Pantar languages: (1) the languages are related to the North Halmaheran (West Papuan) languages; (2) the languages are part of the Trans-New Guinea family; and (3) the languages are related to the West Bomberai family, with no link to Trans-NewGuinea more broadly. We rely in par-ticular on recent reconstructions of proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar vocabulary (chapter 3). Of the hypotheses evaluated here, we find the most striking similarities between TAP and the West Bomberai family. However, we conclude that the evidence cur-rently available is insufficient to confirm a genealogical relationship with West Bomberai or any other family, and hence, TAP must be considered a family-level isolate.


Subassembly drug delivery device includes a reservoir housing defining a reservoir, through hole, the propellant comprises at least one inlet in fluid communication with the bore, and a stem having an outlet open end in fluid communication with the bore, the a source, the stem, and a second position at least one inlet and a first position not in fluid communication with the reservoir at least one inlet in fluid communication with the reservoir, to reservoir housing and it can be moved, propellant source may further comprise a biasing member for biasing the stem toward the first position, and a propellant source Te. Further, the sub-assembly is a collet member having a plurality of first radial flexible fingers and the plurality of second radial flexible fingers, with each of said plurality of first and second radial flexible fingers when not energized, the plurality of first radial flexible fingers extend radially inwardly of the plurality of second radial flexible fingers, and a collet member. Or the plurality of first radially flexible fingers, but the stem prevents axial movement of the stem relative to the collet member when it is axially biased by a force smaller than the force threshold, the stem is greater than the force threshold or equal force to permit axial movement of the stem relative to the collet member when energized in the axial direction, and is configured to engage the stem. The plurality of second radial flexible fingers, does not prevent axial movement of the stem relative to the collet member when in a radially outer position, engaging the stem when in the energized radially inward position and, thereby, for example, stem by a force substantially equal to or greater force than that required to compress the biasing member force threshold substantially equal to or greater than the axial direction when energized, to prevent axial movement of the stem relative to the collet member, it has a stem so as to move to the second position relative to the reservoir housing. Force threshold is substantially equal to or smaller than the force and required to compress the biasing member.


Recently, cases of vertigo have shown a tendency to increase, especially among middle age, and elderly patients. However, these patients often consult an internist or clinical neurogist. Therefore, I will touch upon the main points of diagnosing and treating patients with vertigo at an ENT clinic.As an approach to diagnosis, first, taking the history plays a great role, secondly, neurological signs are useful for distinguishing peripheral and/or central vertigo. Next, from among the vestibular function tests available, examination of eye movements, spontaneous nystagmus include gaze nystagmus, positional and positioning nystagmus, head shaking nystagmus and stabilometry are significant.In this paper, I report cases of vertigo or equilibrium disorders and discuss the treatment or prescription based on my clinical experience.Generaly, ENT doctors should treat patients with vertigo.


It has been found that antifouling coatings formulated with vinyl resins as binders and cuprous oxide as the toxic pigment have given only limited periods of protection in fouling-rich waters and have, moreover, caused excessive accumulations of copper in semi-enclosed waters such as the Suez Canal, San Francisco Bay, and pleasure-boat harbours. The Authors, of the National Research Centre, Cairo, have therefore carried out tests in which tributyltin fluoride was used as an alternative to cuprous oxide in the preparation of a variety of paints. The work is part of a contract between the Centre and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Test panels were coated with the various TBTF paints and submerged in cages in Alexandria Eastern harbour, where fouling organisms are abundant. Visual and biological examinations and photographic recordings of the conditions of the panels were made periodically. The Authors describe the composition and preparation of the paints and the experimental methods used, and present and discuss the results. It is concluded, inter alia, that coatings based on vinyl binders containing 15 to 30% by weight of TBTF are effective antifoulants and satisfy Egyptian standard specifications, which call for six months' protection in a natural environment; their effective life is longer than that of cuprous oxide and rosin compositions. Disadvantages of the organo-tin formulations include their ineffectiveness, compared with the copper formulations, against plant fouling organisms; one solution to this is to use combined cuprous-oxide/organo-tin formulations .


A logical outgrowth of the stress on policy formulation and implementation within the U.S. has been the extension to comparative and international study. A debate currently underway concerns the importance of comparative policy as a future direction for crosscultural and cross-national analysis. Practitioners, students, and scholars in other countries will be interested in the outcome of this


This study is focused on Instagram as a means of self-presentation and identity construction of the university students. Today Instagram is used for getting identity and status, and it is one of the most preferred social media platforms. Identity construction in social media is examined in this study in the context of Goffman's theory of self-presentation. The semi-structured interview data on the use of Instagram and identity construction by the Gelisim University students is evaluated for this aim. It is seen that social media is adopted by users as a means of representation in the production of self and digital identity. Social media provides individuals with the possibility of free expression as an alternative to their daily life communication in terms of sharing their views and getting information. The data in this study was gathered by the in-depth interview technique. The in-depth interviews were conducted among the students of Gelisim University Vocational School. In this framework, the interview was conducted with 6 female and 4 male students. In the interview, 9 main questions were asked to the students. The data is analyzed on a descriptive ground. According to the research findings it is anticipated that the digital identities constructed in Instagram and social media, in general, will be used individually and will be designed distinctively for every individual by replacing identities in the daily life. It is observed that the persons who are not able to present the identity they want in real life, feel more emancipated in the social media by presenting their ideal selves. It is seen that the shares made on Instagram reflect the individual's personality, desires, expectations and impression management.


A method has been developed to evaluate the coupled roll-yaw-sway dynamic stability of hard-chine hulls in the planing regime. Expressions for the linear stability derivatives are presented as functions of geometry and loading, speed, trim angle, and wetted keel and chine lengths. A stability criterion is derived, and the effects of length/beam ratio, loading, LCG location, deadrise, and appendages on stability are examined. The importance of coupling among roll, yaw and sway is demonstrated. It is also shown that appendages tend to reduce the roll stability although this effect is mitigated by coupling effects. A simple method to check the transverse dynamic stability of a proposed design is presented.


Curve fairness is the base of surface smoothness,and it is also the key technology of free-form typing. Study on classic wavelet transformation,the technic of the second of wavelet based on lifting scheme is proposed. A lifting step is composed of splitting,prediction and updating. Taking three Quasi-uniform B-spline curve as example,the second wavelet presentation of Quasi-uniform B-spline curve is reasoned. Adopting the second generation wavelet transformation,the representation and fairness of B-spline curves are given. The method of simple algorithm is favor of application. The whole form of original curve is retained and control points is reduced with discarding detail curve and retaining approximate curve,so the target of fairness is reached. Curve smoothness adopting the second generation wavelet is verified in a specific instance,and remonstrating the method of simple algorithm is favor of application.


Recently, focus has been placed on ocean energy resources because environmental concerns regarding the exploitation of hydrocarbons are increasing. Among the various ocean energy sources, tidal current power (TCP) is recognized as the most promising energy source in terms of predictability and reliability. The enormous energy potential in TCP fields has been exploited by installing TCP systems. The flow velocity is the most important factor for power estimation of a tidal current power system. The kinetic energy of the flow is proportional to the cube of the flow's velocity, and velocity is a critical variable in the performance of the system. Since the duct can accelerate the flow velocity, its use could expand the applicable areas of tidal devices to relatively low velocity sites. The inclined angle of the duct and the shapes of inlet and outlet affect the acceleration rates of the flow inside the duct. In addition, the volume of the duct can affect the flow velocity amplification performance. To investigate the effects of parameters that increase the flow velocity, a series of simulations are performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS-CFX. Experimental investigations were conducted using a circulation water channel (CWC).


This article firstly discussed problems of the college entrepreneurship educational policy contents.Then based on policy text and by using some relevant educational theories,the article makes an analysis of the contents of the college students' innovative entrepreneurship educational policy from the perspective of teaching,practicing and management.Lastly,the article puts forward the practical and feasible improvement proposals.


In order to investigate the effect of sintering parameters on the microstructure and electrical properties of (Ba0.98Ca0.02)(Ti0.94Sn0.06)O3 (BCTS) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, different sets of the sintering parameters were tested, and the effects of sintering parameters on the microstructure and the electrical properties of BCTS ceramics were investigated. An optimum electrical behavior (d33˜412 pC/N, kp˜49%) was demonstrated in such a BCTS ceramic sintered at ˜1450°C for a dwell time of 3 h. As a result, it is an effective way to optimize the electrical properties of BCTS ceramics by choosing an optimum sintering parameter.


It's August in the Nation's Capital and there are two things on people's minds: the oppressive heat and the shrinking budget surplus (which is causing heat of its own sort). With Congress having left town for summer recess, Washington's budget crunchers are busily preparing the soon-to-be released re-estimates of the budget " surplus, " which both sides realize may no longer exist (with speculation about why being a major partisan argument). When the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Congressional Budget Office (CBO) numbers are announced in late August, they are likely to set off a scramble for dollars the likes of which we have not seen in many years. The pie will be smaller, and so will every piece of it. What this means for NIH is uncertain. We continue to hope—and work—for a full $3.4 billion increase in appropriations in an effort to maintain needed progress, in this 4 th year, towards doubling the NIH budget over five years. Our Senate champions—Senators Tom Harkin (D-IA) and Arlen Specter (R-PA)—have given us reason to hope, but they face a smaller Presidential budget request ($2.8 billion), an uncertain House request, and the pressing needs of many other programs that were to be supported by the evaporating surplus. We'll know much more in September: The Congress must pass 13 appropriations bills (including the Labor/HHS bill, which funds NIH) in the 17 working days it has left (officially) before adjourning for the year. No one actually thinks all this (plus all the other remaining legislative business) can happen in so short a time, and so lobbyists from all walks of life are making plans to stay around well into the fall. The other big news in Washington is the same as what you're all hearing around the country: stem cell research and cloning. Scientific meetings (including the National Academy of Sciences); Congressional hearings on proposed legislation; fiery debates on the Senate and House floors; and most recently, President's Bush's decision to use federal funds to support limited embryonic stem cell research (see page 3) have created an almost frenzied atmosphere. It is too early to predict what will happen on these issues when Congress returns to town after Labor Day. Some sources believe that the House-passed anti-human cloning legislation (the Weldon bill) will " die " in the Senate (i.e., will not be considered by the Senate this year, and therefore …


I. Foundations of Business Communication 1. Understanding Business Communication 2. Contemporary Issues in Business Communication 3. Interpersonal Communication Skills II. Developing Your Business Writing Skills 4. The Writing Process 5. Revising Your Writing III. Correspondence 6. Routine Letters, Memos, and E-Mail Messages 7. Persuasive Letters, Memos, and E-Mail Messages 8. Bad-News Letters, Memos, and E-Mail Messages IV. Written and Oral Business Reports 9. Planning the Business Report and Managing Data 10. Writing the Business Report 11. Making Oral Presentations V. Employment Communication 12. The Job Search, Resumes, and Job-Application Letters 13. Employment Interviewing and Follow-Up VI. Developing Your Business English Skills A. Business Sentence Structure B. Business-Style Punctuation C. Verbs and Subject-Verb Agreement D. Using Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs E. Mechanics in Business Writing


Conclusion The effect of heparin on the kinin-forming activity of trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein from human plasma, dog salivary gland, and dog plasma was studied. Heparin at concentrations of 5 units/ml was a potent inhibitor of dog plasma kallikrein. This inhibitory activity was equivalent to 500 units of Trasylol or 0.1 mg soya bean trypsin inhibitor. At high concentrations (2000 units/ml), heparin inhibited 80% of human plasma kallikrein activity and 40% of dog salivary kallikrein activity. The kinin-forming activity of neither trypsin nor human plasmin was inhibited.


With the growing of female's participation in economic activity and the enhancement of kindergartens education, Architectural design criteria of kindergartens needs to be changed and upgraded for the 3-5 years old children's education. The purpose of this study is to provide design criteria for kindergartens to meet this conditions. To deduct some results, 11 Case studies in Seoul area are used. Through the investigation of plan and questionnaire, We can find 4 kinds of problems. (1) Considerable complaints of complex building types (2) Lacks of Architectural design correspond to children's development (3) Insufficiency of necessary rooms (4) Insufficiency of total floor area per child. The results for the improvement direction to the design criteria of kindergartens can be summarized as follows: First of all, the minimum and optimum standards should be classified. Secondly, independent design criteria for kindergartens distinguished from other schools should be legislated. Thirdly, separated site or building for kindergartens should be secured. Fourthly, essential rooms and recommended rooms should be classified. Lastly, increasing of total floor area per child is essential.


Football supporters worldwide organise protests, petitions, campaigns, workshops and congresses and are engaged in political lobbying. These expressions of supporters' activism are nourished by both discontent with developments in football culture and an effort to change them. The aim of this methodologically driven article is to critically examine the role of digital ethnographies in exploring these processes. To reflexively explore the complex realities of recent transformations in football culture, this research study complemented offline data with online data. The use of digital data is discussed along the following dimensions: informational, representational, epistemological and relational. It is argued that the analytical dualism employed to critically discuss the relationship between online and offline spheres should be complemented with empirical duality to fully understand the role played by the digital sphere in social reality.


Abstract This paper presents a formulation for determining the non-linear dynamic response of sag cables equipped with discrete oil dampers and subject to harmonic loading. The state-space method is first employed to convert the second order non-linear partial differential equations of motion of the system to first order non-linear partial differential equations. Then, in terms of the complex modes of vibration and their orthogonality properties achieved by a hybrid method, the generalized modal superposition method is used to reduce the first order non-linear partial differential equations to first order non-linear ordinary differential equations with respect to time functions only. Finally, the harmonic balance method is applied to obtain the non-linear algebraic equations, from which the real solutions for the time functions and non-linear dynamic responses of the cable–damper system are found. The application and verification of the suggested approach are presented in Part II of this paper.


This study investigated laboratory evaluation of rubber-modified binder using DSR and GPC. The asphalt binder is modified using the crumb rubber from scrap tires to improve its performance in the pavement on street and highways in an urban area setting. While improving high-temperature grade of binders by increasing stiffness using rubber is not a new idea, it is not well known whether or not this rheology change is reflected in molecular size distribution or chromatogram of the binder. In this study, the rutting resistance index and chemical composition of rubber-modified binders (RMB) were evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer and a gel-permeation chromatography system respectively. A source of PG 64-22 asphalt was used for preparing a total of 12 RMB binders. Routine Superpave binder testing was carried out; RMB as the original binder and then RTFO-aged binder as RTFO in DSR test at high temperatures. From chromatogram data, the correlation of large molecular size was evaluated by service temperatures, 70 and 76 degrees. A significant correlation was found between molecular size distribution and the rutting resistant property of the binder. The size and type of CRM were significant factors affecting the rheology of the binders.


In order to analyse the intraand interpopulation homogeneity/heterogeneity of the pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca), the phenotypic variability of morphological characters was estimated on the basis of a biometric analysis of 31 morphometric and 10 meristic characters in 284 specimens collected at four different sections along the Yugoslav sector of the Danube, during 1986–1989. An ANCOVA of morphological characters, with fish size as a covariate, was performed for analysed samples and between males/females and adults/juveniles respectively. Comparison was also made with the pikeperch samples from the Dnepr and the West Dvina (Zhukov 1965). The results were tested with a GT2-method for multiple unplanned comparison of means, or with a t-test where appropriate. The differentiation between populations from three geographically distinct and isolated areas (Danube–Dnepr–Dvina) is much greater than between the four samples from the Danube. The results of the variability analysis of morphological characters and known pikeperch habits (first of all having in mind the so-called "homing" effect — returning to the same spawning place from year to year), suggest that the four samples from the Yugoslav part of the Danube most probably represent four distinct populations. The presence of reproductive isolation still has to be proved through experimental marking. Since this analysis takes into account only the phenotypic variation, it would be necessary to study the genetic differentiation between populations, as well, by biochemical or DNA-sequencing methods. nn. Zool. Fennici 33: 711–72 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 28 November 1996 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 1996


Purpose To develop an externally triggered rapid-release targeted system for treating ovarian cancer, gemcitabine (GMC) was entrapped into sonosensitive (SoS) folate (Fo)-modified liposomes (LPs). Methods GMC-loaded LPs (GMC LPs), GMC-loaded Fo-targeted LPs (GMC-Fo LPs), and GMC-loaded Fo-targeted SoS LPs (GMC-SoS Fo LPs) were prepared utilizing a film-hydration technique and evaluated based on particle size, ζ-potential, and percentage entrapped drug. Cellular uptake of the fluorescent delivery systems in Fo-expressing ovarian cancer cells was quantified using flow cytometry. Finally, tumor-targeting ability, in vivo evaluation, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed. Results GMC LPs, GMC-Fo LPs, and GMC-SoS Fo LPs were successfully prepared, with sizes of <120.3±2.4 nm, 39.7 mV ζ-potential, and 86.3%±1.84% entrapped drug. Cellular uptake of GMC-SoS Fo LPs improved 6.51-fold over GMC LPs (under ultrasonic irradiation — p<0.05). However, cellular uptake of GMC-Fo LPs improved just 1.24-fold over GMC LPs (p>0.05). Biodistribution study showed that of GMC concentration in tumors treated with GMC-SoS-Fo LPs (with ultrasound) improved 2.89-fold that of free GMC (p<0.05). In vivo, GMC-SoS Fo LPs showed the highest antiproliferative and antitumor action on ovarian cancer. Conclusion These findings showed that externally triggered rapid-release SoS Fo-modified LPs are a promising system for delivering rapid-release drugs into tumors.


A device for inverse photoemission spectroscopy using a personal computer was made. An energy selective Geiger-Muller photon counter was employed and its resolution was 0.7eV. The operating frequency was programable, which made it easier to optimize the pulsed operation of the accelerating voltage and of the filament heating. This system was applied to the measurement of the density of unoccupied states above the Fermi level for Ni (100) surface. The unoccupied states of the Ni 3d band were clearly observed with high resolution.


The invention relates to a method for operating a tow robot, at an occurrence of an error during an autonomous driving of a vehicle within a parking space, wherein said error results in that the vehicle can not continue its autonomous drive, the towing robot is instructed to the vehicle tow to a predetermined position so that the tow towing robot in response to the assignment, the vehicle to the predetermined position. The invention further relates to a towing robot, a parking system and a computer program.


Among the new kinds of media works that are being created with the invention of digital arts software are interactive panoramas and cinemascapes. In these works, users navigate environments that appear visually contiguous (like painted and photographic panoramas) or both spatially and temporally continuous (like moving long takes and cinematic pans). What is different is that these digital environments include layered and composited elements which often disrupt the authoritative stance of objectivity that contiguous and continuous representation is commonly used to represent. For example, the expression of verisimilitude that is established through fixed and naturalistic relations of scale and position in many documentary photographic panoramas is disrupted when elements from outside the temporal-spatial frame of the photographic moment are layered upon the image. In a naturalistic work, elements in the mise-en-scene will conform to expectations (largely shaped by cultural and aesthetic conventions) that the depicted elements are of common origin {they might actually have been seen together in a particular place and time) and that they are painted in a way that maintains certain formal and spatial relations, such as those of painterly style and perspective. Similar conventions apply in nonfiction work, the primary difference being the degree oflegitimacy given to technological mediation (and this degree varies) . A documentary photograph may constitute an authoritative record of how elements were arranged as seen from a certain perspective at a certain moment, but people who were there and saw the scene from other positions may remember the scene differently. Works, such as John Rechy's Mysteries and Desire, discussed later in this essay, use digital panoramic environments to challenge naturalistic conventions and the relationships (e.g.,


The utility model relates to an automatic gas supply device which comprises a deflating barrel and an electromagnetic barrel, wherein the deflating barrel is connected with a gas inlet pipe of an underground gas pump and is connected with the electromagnetic valve through a short pipe; the tail end of the short pipe is connected to a machine barrel through a gas conveying pipe. The automatic gas supply device is simple in structure; the inflating barrel is a closed barrel body, so that gas enters the short pipe connected with the deflating barrel and is controlled by the electromagnetic valve connected with an electric box, and only the gas with the required gas amount can reach the machine barrel through the conveying pipe; the gas conveying amount is automatically controlled, and the labor is saved.


A hidden panel fixing set for fixing a panel to a substrate comprises a retaining member 100 and a receiving member 200 which is engageable with the retaining member 100. The retaining member 100 comprises an abutting surface, which is fixable to a surface of one of a substrate and a panel that are to be fastened together; and one of a rib and a groove, which is formed in a plane in the retaining member 100 which is parallel to the abutting surface of the retaining member 100. The receiving member comprises at least one abutting surface, which is fixable to a surface of the other one of the substrate and the panel that are to be fastened together; the other one of the rib 208 and the groove; and an aperture 206 for accommodating the retaining member. The rib is slideably insertable into the groove by movement of the retaining member 100 relative to the receiving member 200 in a first direction. The other one of the rib and the groove comprises one or more elastically moveable elements shaped to provide an opening 202 which is of reduced width compared to the maximum width of the aperture 206, measured parallel to the opening, the reduced-width opening 202 being configured to provide a retaining force which inhibits the retaining member 100 from being moved relative to the receiving member 200 in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.


Objective To investigate the effect of cataract surgery in eyes on intraocular pressure(IOP)after filtering surgery.Methods 69 eyes subjected to cataract surgery after filtering surgery were put into three random groups,IOP and visual acuity were observed and compared and the mean follow-up after cataract surgery was 26 months.Among them,18 eyes had temporal corneoscleral extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation,25 eyes had temporal corneoscleral phacoemulsification and IOL implantation (corneoscleral phacoemulsification)and 26 eyes had superior clear corneal phacoemulsification (clear corneal phacoemulsification).Results At the end of follow-up,the increase in the mean postoperative IOP of the three groups was respectively 2.75mmHg,1.82mmHg and 1.68mmHg.The difference was not statistically significant( O.05).The postoperative visual acuity improved was respectively 12 eyes(70.6%),23 eyes(92.0%) and 24 eyes(92.3%). Corneoscleral phacoemulsification or clear corneal phacoemulsification was better than ECCE and the difference was statistically significant( 0.05).However,there was no statistical significance between corneoscleral phacoemulsification and clear corneal phacoemulsification ( O.05). Conclusions The patients by ECCE and corneoscleral phacoemulsification or clear corneal phacoemulsification in eyes with filtering blebs after trabeculectomy can control IOP and rehabilitate their visual acuity.The best surgery is clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation which does not adversely affect long-telm IOP control and the patients obtain the best visual acuity.


## The data contains trajectories and basic information about road users in a shared space.\r\n \r\n### Trajectories are denoted with time step, object id, x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and user type. Each time step last 0.5 seconds. Coordinates are in pixel and can be transferred to real-world scale using the scale provided. There are three types of users: pedestrian, cyclist, and vehicle.\r\n\r\n### In addition, the data also provides demographic attributes for road users. Pedestrians walking in groups are annotated.


Abstract Let x and r be respectively the observed mean and range in a random sample of size n from a normal population. Values of k 1 are tabulated which ensure a probability β that the pair of limits x ± k 1 r will include at least a proportion p of the population. For tolerance limits of the form x ± k 2 r, where x is the grand mean and r the mean range in N samples of size m each, necessary tables of the factor k 2 are provided for situations where m is either 4 or 5, these being common group sizes in control chart analysis.


A 42 year old female with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was treated by anterior mandibular repositioning which was followed-up clinically and tomographically. The authors tomographically reconfirmed the mandibular repositioning and discovered a type of condyle remodeling which they had not seen previously. Although clinical signs and symptoms of TMD were removed and the condyle was centered tomographically by the anterior repositioning, the MRI image indicated the disk was displaced anteriorly and laterally. The results suggest that image analysis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is beneficial and careful application of the treatment for anterior repositioning is recommended.


Water samples were collected from irrigation ditches and drainage canals surrounding fields in southern Greater Poland. Initially, the samples were subjected to low and highspeed centrifugation and obtained pellets were used to perform biological assays. Viral identification involved biological, electron microscopic as well as molecular methods. The occurrence of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was demonstrated in 12 of the 17 examined water sources. The molecular analysis results showed TMV and ToMV co-infections in the analysed water samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobamoviruses being found in environmental water in Poland.


Objective
To investigate the clinicopathological features of angiomyolipoma (Aml).

Methods
Six cases of Aml (one of them EAml) were observed clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically, investigating their histological characteristics and clinical biological behaviors.

Results
The ages of 5 of the 6 cases were 52, 51, 44, 46, and 59; they had tumor on the right kidney (one of them was bilateral, because of huge tumor and massive hemorrhage on the left side, interventional therapy of left renal artery was performed to stop bleeding, and then right renal mass resection was performed). The other patient was 50 years old and her angiomyolipom was located near the uterus. There were 5 cases of classical type and 1 epitheloid type. The patient diagnosed as EAml died of massive hemorrhagic shock.

Conclusions
Aml is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm. EAml is a malignant potential neoplasm. Both of them have different proportion of vascular smooth muscle adipose tissue components. Among them, vascular cellulose degeneration, vascular rupture, and bleeding are common, and seriously endanger the patients' lives. Clinicians should be reminded to intervene early.

Key words:
Angiomyolipoma; Epithelioid; Kidney; Uterus; Pathology; Combined hemorrhage


BACKGROUND
The current laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) procedure used for cirrhotic patients still has limitations. The aim of our study was to determine a standard according to the splenic size for hand-assisted LS (HALS) in patients with splenomegaly and hypersplenism due to cirrhosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospectively review of cirrhotic patients who underwent splenectomy between 2008 and 2011. All patients were divided into two groups: Group A (19 patients), in which patients' operations were conducted by HALS, and Group B (20 patients), in which patients were treated with LS. Then the patients in Group A were classified on the basis of the spleen size: massive splenomegaly (Group A1) and supramassive splenomegaly (Group A2). Likewise, so were patients in Group B: massive splenomegaly (Group B1) and supramassive splenomegaly (Group B2). Perioperative outcomes of these patients were compared.

RESULTS
The comparison of HALS and LS based on spleen size demonstrated that in the massive splenomegaly groups, Group A1 and Group B1 had similar estimated blood loss and morbidity, and no transfusion was required in these patients. In the supramassive splenomegaly groups, compared with Group A2, Group B2 had longer operative time, more estimated blood loss, more patients requiring transfusion, and more complications that needed surgical intervention. However, no significant differences were observed in the requirement of analgesia, time of returning to oral intake, and length of hospitalization in these paired groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In cirrhotic patients with supramassive splenomegaly, HALS should be considered because of its safety, feasibility, and effectiveness.


Along with the change in global environment in the field of language and culture, translation and interpreting studies have finally emerged as practical studies. It is in tandem with the current atmosphere that English colleges and schools are increasingly introducing the new fields of translation and interpreting. Establishing graduate schools of translation and interpreting and opening the departments of translation and interpreting studies over the last ten years have well proven that universities in Korea are recognizing the importance of translation and interpreting studies. Recently, some of the existing English departments have developed either into English colleges, or English schools. This situation would be a background for the introduction of translation and interpreting studies. This study is aimed to analyze the translation and interpreting curriculum of a representative English school and a college in Korea and to examine what happened to them. Based on the results of the study, it will examine the desirable method for the curriculum of translation and interpreting studies at the undergraduate level, which is the goal of this study. The research target of the study is 'What courses do interpreting/translation schools in Korea provide for future interpreters/translators when the: society is in need of gifted interpreters/translators?' The method for the analysis of translation and interpreting curriculum adopts the curriculum criteria established by Velleman as a basic tool. He proposes four components of a interpreting/translation curriculum such as language studies, area studies, ancillary studies, and practica. The results of the study are summarized as two: to offer suggestions for students to develop and improve their translation skills and to show them the desirable curriculum. The necessary competence of translators and interpreters is the foreign language proficiency and ability to transfer the source language into target language. The curriculum design is essential for would-be translators and interpreters to equip themselves with this competence. This study will offer some resources and data for future studies. I hope that it might serve as a foothold on which future development of study in this field is based.


Nuclear and chemical accidents lead to endangering the health of citizens and the environment due to contamination by radiological and chemical contaminants and consequently cause security risks for the population and material goods. Decontamination related to CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) events represents a set of processes and activities aimed at total or partial removal or neutralization of radiological, chemical, and biological contamination caused by an intended or non-intended threat, thereby reducing the risk of exposure to the people or the environment up to the permissible levels. The primary and ultimate goal of decontamination is the complete elimination of radioactive contaminants or the minimization of contamination levels of chemical and biological contaminants. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of CBRN decontamination observed from multiple perspectives: the environmental resources protection standpoint, the society wellbeing standpoint, and the operative personnel and experience-knowledge standpoint to engage them in the most effective manner.


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One of my favourite things to do is to ask Canadians to tell the story of how they came to be in this country. Are your ancestors First Nations or Inuit or Metis, the original people of the land? Did your forebears come here for love? For money? To escape religious persecution?


As an important alternative electron flow,cyclic electron flow(CEF) is essential for photosynthesis in many higher plants.The CEF-dependent generation of proton gradient across thylakoid membranes not only activates ATP synthesis but also protects photosystemⅡfrom photoinhibition through activating non-photochemical quenching and stabilizing oxygen-evolving complexes.Furthermore,CEF can alleviate the over-reduction of acceptor side of photosystemⅠ(PSⅠ) and generation of superoxide anion,and thus protect PSⅠ from photoinhibition.This review briefly summarizes the pathways of CEF,roles of CEF,response of CEF to environmental stress,and proposes perspectives.


This paper proposes a new lossless data embedding algorithm on spatial domain of digital images. A single key parameter is required to embed and extract data in the algorithm instead of embedding any additional information such as the location map. A × window slides over the cover image by one pixel unit, and one bit can be embedded at each position of the window. So, the ideal embedding capacity equals to the number of pixels in an image. For further increase of embedding capacity, new weight parameters for the estimation of embedding target pixels have been used. As a result, significant increase in embedding capacity and better quality of the message-embedded image in high capacity embedding have been achieved. This algorithm is verified with simulations.


In this paper the Archimedean property of t-norms on the lattice L^I is investigated, where L^I is the underlying lattice of interval-valued fuzzy set theory (Sambuc, 1975) and intuitionistic fuzzy set theory (Atanassov, 1983). We discuss also two additional variations on this property: the weak and strong Archimedean property.


Data on 254 juvenile offenders known to the police in one inner city area of Bradford were analysed in order to assess the role of social workers in pre-court decision making. Overall, only about one-fifth of the juveniles or their families were known to the social sciences department, and social work influence was limited to these cases. Despite this, the research suggested that social workers could play a crucial role in keeping juveniles out of court. However, this role was restricted where social workers operated as consultants rather than participants in decision making.


Baculites mariasensis, B. sweetgrassensis and B. gregaryensis are described as new. The first two are of Niobrara age, and the last is from rocks of Judith River age. The baculite zones of the northern Great Plains are reviewed. M ANY collections of fossils from the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the western interior United States contain several undescribed species of baculites that are of value in correlation. Two new species, Baculites mariasensis and B. sweetgrassensis, occur in shale and sandstone equivalents of the Fort Hays limestone member of the Niobrara formation. B. gregoryensis, n. sp., occurs in marine rocks equivalent to the Judith River formation of central Montana. The recognition of these species makes it possible to construct a more complete Upper Cretaceous time scale for the Western Interior based on Baculites. The zones constitute the following sequence in the northern Great Plains. [B. grandis B. compressus Montana age B. gregoryensis B. asperiformis B. aquilaensis B. thomi B. codyensis Colorado age B. mariasensis B. cf. besairiei (B. gracilis Baculites gracilis Shumard characterizes the Greenhorn limestone of the Black Hills 1 Published by permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey. and the equivalent calcareous beds in the middle of the Colorado shale of northcentral Montana. Baculites cf. besairiei Collignon occurs in the Carlile shale of the lack Hills and in the equivalent part of the Colorado shale of Montana. B. mariasensis, n. sp., is present in the upper part of the Colorado shale of Montana and in the upper part of the Frontier formation of westc ntral Wyoming. B. codyensis Reeside, of upper Niobrara age, is abundant in the Cody shale of Wyoming and in the upper part of the Colorado shale of Montana (above the zone of B. mariasensis). B. thomi Reeside occurs in the uppermost part of the Colorado shale of north-central Montana and in the Telegraph Creek formation of north-central and south-central Montana. B. aquilaensis Reeside characterizes the Eagle sandstone of Montana, the Gammon ferruginous member of the Pierre shale of the Black Hills, and parts of the Steele and Cody shales of Wyoming. B. asperiformis Meek is the most common form in the Claggett shale of Montana and in the Mitten black shale member of the Pierre shale of the Black Hills. B. gregoryensis, n. sp., occurs in the calcareous Gregory member of the Pierre shale in the Missouri Valley of South Dakota, and in a 200-foot sandy shale member of the Pierre EXPLANATION OF PLATE 118 All figures natural size. FIGS. 1-5-Baculites gregoryensis Cobban, n. sp. 1, Lateral view of holotype; 2-5, lateral views of four paratypes. Gregory member of Pierre shale, 2 miles west of Oacoma, Lyman County, South Dakota. (p. 820) 6-9-Baculites sweetgrassensis Cobban, n. sp. 6, 7, Lateral and ventral views of paratype; 8, 9, lateral and ventral views of holotype. Colorado shale, 5.5 miles south of Shelby, Toole County, Montana. (p. 820) 10-12-Baculites mariasensis Cobban, n. sp. 10, 11, Lateral views of paratypes; 12, lateral view of holotype. Colorado shale, 5.5 miles south of Shelby, Toole County, Montana. (p. 818)


According to the characteristics of property services projects for the staff dormitory in electric power enterprises,this paper establishs an index system corresponding to the social and environmental benefits.By using the comprehensive evaluation index method,the social and environmental benefits are comprehensively evaluated so as to provide the basis for the evaluation of property services projects for the staff dormitory in electric power enterprises.It can be taken as a referance for government departments when making the relevant policy and institution about the property service industry;and it also has the instruction function to the sustainable development of the property service industry.


Until today, in most European countries there is no juridical definition or legal recognition of the profession of the conservator-restorer. This fact means an almost complete lack of specific regulations anticipating conservation-restoration activities and stipulating the quality of these activities. The absolute need for qualified professionals, for a legal status, for an evaluation of the dynamics in a conservation–restoration project and finally for an analysis of the essential methodological steps of the conservation project require evidence of professional responsibility, competence and qualification. At the very beginning of the conservation of 20th century architecture, the professional figure of the architect wasn ́t discussed in his historically grown leading position. The task of the conservatorrestorer and of the conservation sciences at that time was to take part in a planning process that often started with a "reconstruction concept" for regaining the lost "original" design of the architecture. It seemed to be more important to reconstruct "ideas" than to follow the traces of the authentic materials, and to document and conserve them. Often this was justified with the alleged "special status" of modern architecture which was supposed to be too fragile and too ephemeral to be conserved in the same way as other historical monuments. This article wants to illustrate that effective "project management" based on a shared and transparent theoretical fundament is able to bring about a conciliation of the apparently diametrically opposed opinions and concepts of "Conservation" and "Reconstruction".


Antioxidants have multiple protective roles in cells and can be used as a supplement to protect cells against cryopreservation-induced detrimental effects, including protecting sperm fertility quality. The antioxidant resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RSV) has been shown to be a protective supplement for the cryopreservation of animal sperm, including human sperm. In this study, we assessed the effect of RSV supplementation on canine sperm cryopreservation. Semen was collected from four dogs and the effect of different concentrations of RSV (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) on post-thaw quality of sperm was examined. After thawing, sperm motility was assessed using computer aided sperm analysis, and the structural integrity of the plasma membrane, acrosome, and chromatin were examined, as well as mitochondrial activity and gene expression were assessed. Dog sperm cryopreserved with 200 µM RSV showed significant improvement in motility and viability following thawing compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, RSV-supplemented samples showed significantly higher numbers of sperm with an intact plasma membrane, active mitochondria, and structural integrity of acrosomes and chromatin than that of control samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression showed that RSV supplemented samples showed lower expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX) oxidative stress-related (ROMO1) and oxidative induced DNA damage repair (OGG1) whereas higher expression levels of anti‐apoptotic (BCL2) protamine-2 (PRM2), protamine-3 (PRM3) and sperm acrosome‐associated (SPACA3) genes than control. Our results suggest that RSV, at its optimum concentration, can be efficiently used as an alternative antioxidant in the cryopreservation of dog sperm.


Child marriages and early age pregnancy are an alarming issue among adolescent girls and young females in South Asian region. This research was carried out to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards child marriages and early age pregnancies. For this purpose an exploratory research design was employed and data was gathered through using qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The research found that the respondents were lacking authentic knowledge about sexual and reproductive health rights. Most of the respondents were having access to public and private health service providers and this channel can be a source for the quality information about sexual and reproduce health and rights. An integrated approach through combing all the channels and stakeholders of the society can be vital for the desired social change to counter child marriages and early age pregnancies.


The study aims to examine the contribution of socio-emotional support among Arab adolescents with reading disabilities. It also focuses on socioemotional support as a mediating variable that has an impact on self-image, social competence, reading disability and academic achievement. Indeed, the study examines how reading disability is influenced by the Arab culture that is an integral part of the upbringing for Arab adolescents of various ages, including early adolescence (junior high school) and late adolescence (high school). The study population is composed of 381 Arab adolescents: 115 males with reading disabilities and 60 males with normal reading ability, as well as 91 females with reading disabilities and 115 females with normal reading ability. The reasrechers used three questionnairesthat the study population responded to: Social Competence Questionnaire, Self-Image Questionnaire and Socio-Emotional Support Questionnaire.In addition, the study wasreviewed via two tests: Reading Accuracy Test and Reading Comprehension Test. The findings showed that the level of social competence among Arab adolescent males and females with reading disability is lower than that of normal Arab adolescent males and females. Indeed, the study indicates that there is a positive correlation between socioemotional support indicators and academic achievements among adolescent students with reading disabilities. In addition, students with reading disabilities who received emotional support, report lower emotional and social indicators, as well as lower academic achievements thannormal students.


We present a new independent component analysis technique, based on the information-theoretic approach, implemented by the functional-link network, that allows one to separate out mixed independent sub-Gaussian and super-Gaussian source signals. For assessing our theory we present computer simulations performed both on synthetic and real-world data, and compare the performances of the new algorithm with those of the "mixture of densities" approach by Xu et al. [1998].


Academic economists tend to come in two varieties. One type identifies a substantive specialism at the outset of a career and continues to cultivate it. A second type is more likely to respond to the American Economic Association's twice-a-decade requests for information about sub-specialties by providing a number of differing answers over the course of a professional lifetime. I accept Adam Smith's arguments about the gains from specialization arising from a widened division of labor, but I am also conscious that Smith held that excessive specialization could contribute to boredom in the workplace. In any event, I am temperamentally a Type II economist who has greatly enjoyed working on diverse scholarly topics. I am also aware of a number of turning points that have conditioned my world with consequences that I could not have foreseen.


There are many factors that influence the accuracy of fault location using two terminal data.Fault location algorithm using two-terminal data of transmission line is discussed in this paper.The principle of the algorithm and their limitations when applied in practical system are analyzed.The conclusion is that the following factors must be take into account then the results of the algorithm may have high accuracy.These factors are,the data of transmission line of two terminals may be unsynchronized,the parameters of the transmission line may have error,the transmission line is un-transposed, compensating equipments are installed in transmission line.


An urban tidal river network is one of the most difficult targets to simulate the flow and water quality in various kinds of water areas because the model must simulate both the vertical feature of the intrusion of sea water and the horizontal feature of water quality that is affected by human activities. In this paper, we determine the applicability of a three-dimensional flow and water quality model when reproducing the process of water with high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other constituents flowing through an urban tidal river network. We applied a three-dimensional model to Neya River, its tributaries and its downstream rivers in Osaka. The model can simulate well the vertical stratification of temperature and salinity near three river mouths, the mixing process of two different sources of water originating from Yodo River, and Neya River and its tributaries, the longitudinal profiles of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen and phosphorus. Calculated water levels in the upstream area of Neya River system, however, are not coincident with the observations. A 3D water quality model, which is a potent tool in ocean and lakes, proved to be a versatile enough tool to simulate complicated and tidal urban river networks.


A REPORT ON THE USE OF PRINciples of physical organic chemistry to create functional surfaces based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [ J. Am. Chem. Soc , 111, 321 (1989)] has earned a place among the most highly cited papers in the Journal of the American Chemical Society's 125-year history. "This paper showed how stable surfaces exposing a single organic functional group could be created by adsorption of thiols on gold—for a dozen different groups, from nonpolar methyl and CF3 groups to halides, nitriles, and carboxylic acids—and described how these surfaces could be used to predict, tailor, and control wettability," says coauthor Colin D. Bain. Bain was a graduate student with Harvard University chemistry professor George M. Whitesides when the work was done and is now a lecturer at Oxford University's department of chemistry The other principal investigator on the study was AT&T Bell Laboratories technical staff member Ralph G. Nuzzo, who is currently ...


The article presents clinical and laboratory data of various complications that were developed during measles among militaries who received inpatient treatment at the infectious disease clinic of the National Military Medical Clinical Center "Main Military Clinical Hospital" from 01.01.2018 to 31.12.2018.


Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are high temperature devices because they decrease the ionic conductivity. Warm pressing is aimed to stationary heat and power generation. Compared to other fuel cells, SOFC present the highest efficiency, being flexible in relation to fuel characteristics and operation temperature range (700–1000 °C). SOFC devices consist of a dense electrolyte and two porous electrodes. The efficiency of the cells is determined by the performance of the electrolyte, which depends in its turn on the ionic conductivity and density of the material. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used as the electrolyte material due to high chemical stability and mechanical toughness, as well as ionic conductivity above 700 °C. Alternatively, scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolytes show high ionic conductivity above 750 °C comparable to that of YSZ at 1000 °C. However, high cost and instability of ScSZ at temperatures below 600 °C may limit the wide of this material. Doped cerium oxides, like gadoliniadoped ceria (GDC) and samaria-doped ceria (SDC), have a high ionic conductivity, however, they tend to be chemically instable in reducing atmospheres. Different routes have been applied for the fabrication of planar SOFC electrolytes. By tape casting, 10–500mm thick films may be produced. Typical electrolyte thickness in an electrolyte-supported cell is 150–200mm. In order to produce SOFC structures, usually two or more cast tapes are laminated to produce dense SOFC structures. Interlayer delamination and interconnected porosity are not desirable


In this overview we have examined the emerging science of de terministic chaos (nonlinear systems theory) and its application to selected pathological states.